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0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 large\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 brow\f0\fs18\cf
0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 ridges,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 sloping\f0\fs18\cf0\b0
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1\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 thick\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 skulls
\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 .According\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs
18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 J.B\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Birdsell\f0\fs18\cf0\
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ike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Solo\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 can\f0
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0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 pihthcanthropines\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 found\f0\fs18
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trike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Java\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 and\
f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 China.The\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 other\f0\f
s18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 advanced\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 form\f0\fs18\cf
0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 early\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\
strike0 men\par\pard\plain\li1981\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 found\f0\
fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 in\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Java\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\
i\ul0\strike0 is\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 known\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strik
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\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 men,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 named\f0\fs18\cf0
\b0\i\ul0\strike0 after\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\
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l0\strike0 Dubois\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 in\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0

1891\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 were\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 not\par\
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l0\strike0 I\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 1,
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\b0\i\ul0\strike0 centimeters\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 for\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i
\ul0\strike0 Wadjak\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 II.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\stri
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\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 cranial\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 capacity\f0\fs
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\b0\i\ul0\strike0 in\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\str
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\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 environment.The\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 fos
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\b0\i\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Austalia\par\pard\plain\sl282\par\pard\plain\li1801\sl-232\f0\fs20\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 3.\f0\fs20\cf0\b\i
0\ul0\strike0 Niah\f0\fs20\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 \u8211?\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\
strike0 In\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 1958,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 wh
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trike0 in\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Sarawak,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
Borneo,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Tom\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Harrison
\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 his\par\pard\pl
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so\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 with\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\
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all\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Indios.\u8221?\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 T
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trike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 wild\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 buff
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f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 in\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Purgatory\f0\fs18
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interest.\par\pard\plain\li11285\sl-331\f1\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 21\sect\s
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try\par\pard\plain\sl-210\par\pard\plain\li2161\sl-209\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\stri
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rike0 in\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 which\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Fili
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men\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 trusted\f0\f
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to\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 cheat\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\
b0\i\ul0\strike0 customers.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Second-class\f0\fs18\c
f0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 gold\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 was\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0
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alubai\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 ,bielu,and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 li
nguigui.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 The\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 best\f0
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\i\ul0\strike0 gold\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 was\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\stri
ke0 the\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 oregeras,\f0\
fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 known\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 as\f0\fs18\cf0\b0
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strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Chinese\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
traders.Jewelry\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 were\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
also\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 traded,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 altho
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Sande\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 noted\u8221?\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 best\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 gold\f0\fs1
8\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 obtained\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 is\f0\fs18\cf0\b0
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strike0 which\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 means\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
\u8216?\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 lord\f0
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ke0 weighs\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 about\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 tw
enty-carats.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 From\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 th
is\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 is\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 made\f0\fs18\c
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even\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 when\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 they\f0\
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i\ul0\strike0 sell\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 these\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl
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\li1441\sl-209\f0\fs18\cf0\b\i\ul0\strike0 D.Religion\par\pard\plain\sl-280\par\
pard\plain\li2161\sl-209\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 The\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\s
trike0 pre-Hispanic\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 belief\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\s
trike0 system\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Fi
lipinos\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 consisted\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of
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cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 gods,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul
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trike0 mountains,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 forests,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\s
trike0 and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 houses.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
Bathala,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 who\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 created
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f0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 man,\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\stri
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cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 gods\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul
0\strike0 spirits.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Regular\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\s

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0 prayers\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 were\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 offe
red\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 placate\f0\fs
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ich\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 were\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 benevolent,
\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 some\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 malevolent.\f0
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ancestral\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 spirits,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 a
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s18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 had\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 reputed\f0\fs18\cf0\
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ned\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 renown\f0\fs18\cf0
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or\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 an\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 old\f0\fs18\cf
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aims.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 With\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\f
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agents,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 he\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 often\f0\
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d\plain\sl-210\par\pard\plain\li2161\sl-209\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Rituals
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the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 different\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 divin
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celebrations\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 ranged\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
from\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 simple\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 to\f0\f
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0\fs20\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs20\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs20\cf0\b0
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s20\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Ambivalence\f0\fs20\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 characteriz
es\f0\fs20\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Filipino\f0\fs20\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 moral\
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69)\f0\fs20\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 as\f0\fs20\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 cited\f0\fs
20\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 by\f0\fs20\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Palispis\f0\fs20\cf0
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ard\plain\li1441\sl-232\f0\fs20\cf0\b\i\ul0\strike0 B.\f0\fs20\cf0\b\i\ul0\strik
e0 Strength\f0\fs20\cf0\b\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs20\cf0\b\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0
\fs20\cf0\b\i\ul0\strike0 Filipino\f0\fs20\cf0\b\i\ul0\strike0 Character\par\p
ard\plain\sl-233\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-209\f0\fs18\cf0\b\i\ul0\strike0 1.\f0\
fs18\cf0\b\i\ul0\strike0 Pakikipagkapwa\f0\fs18\cf0\b\i\ul0\strike0 Tao\par\pa
rd\plain\li2161\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 This\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\st
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ikiramay\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 or\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\f
s18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Filipino\u8217?s\f0\
fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 ability\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs18\cf0\
b0\i\ul0\strike0 emphasize\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 with\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\
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\b0\i\ul0\strike0 need.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Bayanihan\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\
i\ul0\strike0 or\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 mutual\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\stri
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reflects\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 sensi
tivity\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 other\par\
pard\plain\sl-241\par\pard\plain\li11285\sl-265\f1\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 26
\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl200\par\pard\plain\sl-320\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-209\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\stri
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trike0 and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 need,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 is
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Pakiramdam,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 pagtitiwala\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strik
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strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Fili
pino\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 wrker\u8217?s\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 p
akikipagkapwa\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 tao.\par\pard\plain\sl-210\par\pard\
plain\li1441\sl-209\f0\fs18\cf0\b\i\ul0\strike0 2.\f0\fs18\cf0\b\i\ul0\strike0
Family\f0\fs18\cf0\b\i\ul0\strike0 Orientation\par\pard\plain\li2161\sl-210\f0\
fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Concern\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 for\f0\fs18\cf0\
b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 family\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\
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0 towards\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 relatives\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
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family\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 orientation\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
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trike0 Filpino\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 worker\u8217?s\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul
0\strike0 dealings\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 with\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\stri
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f0\fs18\cf0\b\i\ul0\strike0 Flexibility,\f0\fs18\cf0\b\i\ul0\strike0 Adaptabil
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Value
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\i\ul0\strike0 proceeded\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 northward\f0\fs18\cf0\b0
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Atlantic\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Japan.
\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 (Robinson,p.565)\par\pard\plain\sl-210\par\pard\p
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had\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 confidently\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 ex
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trike0 did\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 not\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 lose
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f0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 15\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 men\u8230?\par\pard\plain\
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l0\strike0 with\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 his\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
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rike0 his\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 balangai,\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\
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trike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Captain\u8217?s\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\s
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0\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 that\f0\fs20\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 marks\f0\fs20\cf0\b
0\i0\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs20\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 site\f0\fs20\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\
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ike0 was\f0\fs20\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pur\f0\fs20\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 port
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fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 de\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Carquizano.\par\pard
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sful.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Urdaneta\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 wrote
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8\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul
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with\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 no\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 hope\f0\fs18
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gave\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 half-starv
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s,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 but\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 that\f0\fs18\
cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 less\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 than\par\pard\plain\li1
441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 two\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 months
\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 previous\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 they\f0\fs
18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 had\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 burned\f0\fs18\cf0\b0
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ike0 reprisal\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 against\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike
0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 native\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 ruler\
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f0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 had\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 helped\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\u
l0\strike0 the\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Spania
rds\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Magellan\u821
7?s\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Trinidad.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Althou
gh\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 importuned\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 to\f0\
fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 stay\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 by\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\
i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 chief\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\stri
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ul0\strike0 local\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 war,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strik

e0 the\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Spaniards\f0\f
s18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 sailed\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 off\f0\fs18\cf0\b
0\i\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 into\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\str
ike0 a\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 maelstrom\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of
\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 conflict\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 with\f0\fs
18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Portuguese.\par\pard\
plain\sl-210\par\pard\plain\li2161\sl-209\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 With\f0\f
s18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 only\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 105\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\
i\ul0\strike0 men\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 remaining\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\
strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 450\
f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 that\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 sailed\f0\fs18\
cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 from\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 La\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0
\strike0 Coruna,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
Spaniards\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 could\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 no
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to\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 what\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 fate\f0\fs1
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eached\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Morotai\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 on\f0
\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 November\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 9,\par\pard\p
lain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 1526.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strik
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0\i\ul0\strike0 Francisco\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 de\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0
\strike0 Castro,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 in\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 name\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18
\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Portuguese\f0\fs18\cf0\
b0\i\ul0\strike0 captain\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 major\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\u
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0 and\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 imprisonment.\f
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0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 emperor\u8217?s\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike
0 men\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 fared\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 surpris
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f0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 hardly\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 behaving\f0\fs18\cf0\b0
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0 famished\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 crew\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 whi
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trike0 Naturally,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Portuguese\par\pard\plain\li144
1\sl-209\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 jurisdiction\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
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arrived\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 in\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 1528\f0\f
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0\strike0 the\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Portugu
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\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Patagonian\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 coast,\f0
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trike0 upon\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 a\f0\fs18
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ke0 chief,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 called\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 C
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l0\strike0 ship,\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\
f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 natives\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 tried\f0\fs1
8\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 cut\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul
0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 other\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
cable.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 A\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 guard\f0\f
s18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 spotted\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 them,\f0\fs18\cf
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trike0 subsequent\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 noise\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\stri
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ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 mischievous\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\s
trike0 natives\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 scurrying\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\str
ike0 off.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 In\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0
\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 confusion\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 one\f0\fs18\
cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\
strike0 prisoners\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 loosed\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\str
ike0 his\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 tied\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 hands
\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 escaped.\par\pa
rd\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 When\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\st
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shore\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 shouted\f
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strike0 Saavedra\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 thought\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\str
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\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Loaysa\u8217?s\par\
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strike0 ship,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 S
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18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Parral.\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-220\par
\pard\plain\li2161\sl-209\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 It\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\s
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b0\i\ul0\strike0 two\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 more\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\st
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0 were\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 picked\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 up.\f
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plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Romay,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\str
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wove\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 a\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 complicated\
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\b0\i\ul0\strike0 had\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 murdered\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\u
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ain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Manrique,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\st
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18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 They\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 then\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\
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strike0 who\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 knew\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 no
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past\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Sarangani\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Saav
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sparring,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 fusta
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the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 niatives\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 turned\
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spirit\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\f
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e0 he\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 South\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Seas.\u
8221?\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 For\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 each,\f0\f
s18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 a\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 pilot,\par\pard\plain\
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boatswain,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 nota
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0 samples\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 all\f0
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8\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 destination,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 no\f0\fs18\cf
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under\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 severe\f0\fs18\c
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ttlements\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 enter\
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r\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 force\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\u
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\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 peace.\u8221?\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 All\p
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ike0 veedor\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 (\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 overs
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0 to\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 declare\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 and\f0
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nd\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 necessary\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 for\f0\
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0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 or\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 not,\f0\fs18\cf0\b
0\i\ul0\strike0 \u8220?\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 although\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i
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18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 himself\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 ordered\f0\fs18\c
f0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 that\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 all\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0
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strike0 certificate\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 before\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\st
rike0 embarking,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 attesting\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\s
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ceived\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 sacrament
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fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 feast\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0
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trike0 November\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 1,1542,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\stri
ke0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 little\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 flee
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ey\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 sowed\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs18
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fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Grumbling\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 began.\f0\fs1
8\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 The\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 soldiers\f0\fs18\cf0\b
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0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 they\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 needed\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\u

l0\strike0 it.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Villalobos\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\st
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cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 return\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\
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Mexico.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 \u8220?\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Ea
ch\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 man\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 was\f0\fs18\c
f0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 shift\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0
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would\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 still\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 give\f0\
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par\pard\plain\li2161\sl-209\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Villalobos\u8217?\f0\f
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f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 la\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Torre\f0\fs18\cf0
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e\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 San\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Juan\f0\fs18\c
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cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 on\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Mindanao.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\
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cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 there\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 so\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul
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f0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 called\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Salipada.\f0\fs18\cf0\
b0\i\ul0\strike0 De\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 la\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strik
e0 Torre\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 was\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 a\f0\f
s18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 t\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 first\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i
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\ul0\strike0 surrounded\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\
strike0 attacked.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 They\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strik
e0 had\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 fight\f0\
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n\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 back\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
to\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 San\f0\fs18\c
f0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Juan.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 De\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0
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ailed\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 back\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs1
8\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Sarangani\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 with\f0\fs18\cf0
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n\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 men.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
In\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 meanwhile\f0\
fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 San\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\
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Cristobal,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 four\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 nati
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trike0 August\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 s
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art\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 due\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs18\c
f0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Portuguese\f0\fs18\cf0\b0
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\ul0\strike0 that\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Vil
lalobos\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 could\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 not\f0
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ke0 a\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 desperately\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 n
eeded\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 food\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 supply.\f
0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 But\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 only\f0\fs18\cf0\
b0\i\ul0\strike0 after\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\s
trike0 San\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Juan\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 lef
t\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 for\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\
i\ul0\strike0 new\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Spain\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strik
e0 did\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Portugue
se\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 come\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 into\f0\fs18
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ul0\strike0 Three\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 proas\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\stri
ke0 from\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Maluco\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 mad
e\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 their\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 appearance\f
0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 off\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\u
l0\strike0 Sarangani\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 on\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strik
e0 August\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 7,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 1543.\
f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 A\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Portuguese\f0\fs18

\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 crewman\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 came\f0\fs18\cf0\b0

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trike0 a\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 message\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 fr
om\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 governor\f0\f
s18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\par\pard\plain\li
1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Moluccas,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
Dom\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Jorge\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 de\f0\fs1
8\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Castro,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 which\f0\fs18\cf0\
b0\i\ul0\strike0 politely\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 informed\f0\fs18\cf0\b0
\i\ul0\strike0 Villalobos\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 that\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\u
l0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 islands\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strik
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f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 king\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\par\pard\pla
in\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Portugal\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\stri
ke0 and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 consequently\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
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f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 those\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0
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0\i\ul0\strike0 for\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 five\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\str
ike0 years\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 before,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
Francisco\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 de\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\
cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Castro\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 had\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\u
l0\strike0 claimed\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Mindanao,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0
\strike0 and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 as\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 a\f
0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 lay\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 catechist\f0\fs18
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0\i\ul0\strike0 a\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 number\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\str
ike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 natives\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 in\
f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Antonia,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 probably\pa
r\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 present-day\f0\fs18\cf0\
b0\i\ul0\strike0 Tirina,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 one\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0
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angani\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 group.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 The\f0
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cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 continued\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 that\f0\fs18\cf0\b
0\i\ul0\strike0 if\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Villalobos\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul
0\strike0 had\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 been\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f
0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 driven\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs18\cf0\
b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 islands\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0
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f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 wind\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs18\cf0
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ike0 crew\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 lacked\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of
\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 supplies,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 then\f0\f
s18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 king\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\
i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Portugal\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\st
rike0 would\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-209\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 generousl
y\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 allow\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 his\f0\fs18\
cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 subjects\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i
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ike0 supply\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 unf
ortunate\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Spaniards.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
Villalobos\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 replied\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 i
n\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 a\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 like\f0\fs18\cf0
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0 but\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 slightly\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 less\
f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 diplomatically.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 He\f
0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 said\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 that\f0\fs18\cf0
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rike0 that\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Molu

ccas\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 were\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 subject\f0

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i\ul0\strike0 Portuguese\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 king,\par\pard\plain\li1
441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 but\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 that\f
0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 islands\f0\fs18\c
f0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 he\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 now\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\s
trike0 occupied\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 fell\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
within\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 demarca
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cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 king\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0
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umber\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 other\par\p
ard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 messages\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\u
l0\strike0 passed\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 between\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\st
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and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Spaniard\f
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0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 proas\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 returned\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\
i\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Ternate.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\st
rike0 The\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 sight\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\
par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Villalobos\u8217?\f0\f
s18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 half-starved\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 men\f0\fs18
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ul0\strike0 convinced\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\st
rike0 Portuguese\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 that\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike
0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 expedition\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 wo
uld\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 slowly\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 fade\f0\f
s18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 away\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0
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No\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 need\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs18\c
f0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 drive\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 them\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\u
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orce.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 But\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 for\f0\fs1
8\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 good\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 measure\f0\fs18\cf0\b
0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Portuguese\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\u
l0\strike0 informed\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\stri
ke0 coastal\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 inhabitan
ts\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Mindanao\f0\fs
18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 that\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 they\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\
i\ul0\strike0 were\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 not\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strik
e0 to\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 sell\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 any\f0\f
s18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 supplies\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs18\cf0\
b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 intruders,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\
ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 they\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
were\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 invited\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 to\pa
r\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 wreak\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\u
l0\strike0 as\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 much\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
havoc\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 as\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 possible\f0
\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 on\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\
i\ul0\strike0 Spaniards.\par\pard\plain\sl-210\par\pard\plain\li2233\sl-209\f0\
fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Villalobos\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 was\f0\fs18\c
f0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 not\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 that\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0
\strike0 easily\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 defeated.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\st
rike0 He\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 was\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 able\f
0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 gather\f0\fs18\cf0
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strike0 in\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Mindanao\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 with\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 what\par\p
ard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\st
rike0 galiot\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 brought\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0

from\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Limasawa,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the

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fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 a\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 little.\f0\fs18\cf0\b
0\i\ul0\strike0 Nevertheless,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\
i\ul0\strike0 expedition\u8217?s\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 chronicler,\f0\f
s18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Garcia\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\u
l0\strike0 Descalante.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Alvarado,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\
ul0\strike0 reported\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 that\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\st
rike0 they\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 suffered\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
greatly\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 from\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 hunger
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to\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Portuguese.
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llalobos\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 refused\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 to\
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expedition\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 were,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 o
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f0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Castille,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 for\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\
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s18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 prices\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 in\f0\fs18\cf0\b0
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18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Philippines?\f0\fs18\
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lony.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 But\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs1
8\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 principal\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 motive\f0\fs18\c
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there\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 they\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 would\f
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0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 conquest.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 We\f0\fs18\
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sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Cauchela\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 (\f0\
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factor\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 ).\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 The\f0\fs
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flagship,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 San\
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all\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 armaments\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 and\f
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aster-of-camp,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Mateo\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0

de\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Saz,\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\
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female,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Negro\
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of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Order\f0\fs18
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0 Indians,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 peacefully\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike
0 governed\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 by\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 one\f

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strike0 to\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 but\f0\fs1
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\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 clergy,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 200\f0\fs18

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the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Inquisition.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 T
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par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 which\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i
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10\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 or\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Chinese\f0\fs18
\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 might\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 be\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\u

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trike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 southeastern\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\stri

ke0 coast\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 China,

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oneylenders.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 The\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Chi
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mantises\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 .\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 At\f0\fs
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ned.\par\pard\plain\sl-280\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-209\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\str
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be\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 decreased.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Thes
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\ul0\strike0 so.\par\pard\plain\sl-280\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-209\f0\fs18\cf0
\b0\i\ul0\strike0 83.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Just\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\st
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s18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 give\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 satisfaction\f0\fs1
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i\ul0\strike0 Hitherto\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 their\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0
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would\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 be\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf
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\par\pard\plain\li11285\sl-265\f1\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 64\sect\sectd\sbkpa
ge\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plai
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cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 They\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 do\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0
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carefully\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 so\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 that\f0
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meddle\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 in\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 matters\pa
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order\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 not\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs1
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religious,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 lest\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 they
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they\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 please.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 This\f0
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ul0\strike0 detriment\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\str
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asking\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 or\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 requiring\
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f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 corregidors,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 etc.,\f
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with\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 provisions,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 o
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pay\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 for\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 them;\f0\f
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\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 those\f0\fs18\cf
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\ul0\strike0 they\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 do\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0

the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 same\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 for\f0\fs
18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 themselves,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 much\f0\fs18\
cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 more\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul
0\strike0 with\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 greater\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strik
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i\ul0\strike0 Encomenderos\par\pard\plain\sl-280\par\pard\plain\li1500\sl-209\f0
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fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 public\f0\fs18\cf0\
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cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 infighting\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 soon\f0\fs18\cf0\
b0\i\ul0\strike0 erupted\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 within\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\
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trike0 Resistance,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 mostly\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\st
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would\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 lead\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\
fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 revolution\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b
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trike0 or\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Aguinaldo.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
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0\strike0 in\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 which\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0

Aguinaldo\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 decisively\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
defeated\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 his\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18
\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 opponent.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Outraged,\f0\fs18\
cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Bonifacio\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 set\f0\fs18\cf0\b0
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measure,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 governm
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these\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 wealthy\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Filipi
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strike0 Before\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 midnight,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\str
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0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Balintawak.On\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\
cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 August\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 21,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\u
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rike0 by\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Spania
rds.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Afterwards,\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\f
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fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Kangkong\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 from\f0\fs18\c
f0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Balintawak\u8212?then,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 to\f0\
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cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 August\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 23,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\
ul0\strike0 Bonifacio\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 met\par\pard\plain\li1441\s
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rike0 who\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 later\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 bec
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fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 fight.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Against\f0\fs18\
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0 ang\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Filipinas!\u8221?\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\stri

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the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Philippines\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 as\
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f0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 30,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 1896.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul
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he\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Spanish\f0\fs18\cf0
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\strike0 San\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Juan\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 d
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Ecija.\par\pard\plain\sl-280\par\pard\plain\li2161\sl-209\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0
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\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 innocent\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18
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\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 also\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 attacked\f0\fs
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l0\strike0 In\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Cavite\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
el\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Viejo,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\f
s18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Magdalo\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 group,\f0\fs18\c
f0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 under\par\pard\plain\li11285\sl-401\f1\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\s
trike0 80\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\sected\cols1\colno1\colw122
40\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-320\par\pard\plain\
li1441\sl-209\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Candido\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
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fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 friend\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b
0\i\ul0\strike0 Emilio\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Aguinaldo),\f0\fs18\cf0\b0
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strike0 Spanish\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 garrison\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\str
ike0 while\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Emilio\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 A
guinaldo\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 and\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\
cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 his\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 men\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\
strike0 tried\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 but\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 f
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s\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 from\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Manila.Aguina
ldo\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 retreated\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 to\f0\
fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Imus,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Cavite\par\pard\p
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trike0 There\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 on\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Sep
tember\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 5,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 1896,\f0\f
s18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 he\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 defeated\f0\fs18\cf0\
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ke0 but\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Heneral\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 (Ge
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\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 studied\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 at\f0\fs18\

cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 San\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Juan\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul
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College.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 However,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 h
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,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 where\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 he\f0\fs18\c
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\strike0 on\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 March\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 2
2,\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 1869.\f0\fs18\cf0\b
0\i\ul0\strike0 A\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 cousin\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\str
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guinaldo,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 leader\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\
f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Magdalo\f0\fs18\
cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 faction,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Emilio\f0\fs18\cf0\
b0\i\ul0\strike0 joined\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\
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\b0\i\ul0\strike0 25.\par\pard\plain\sl-280\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-209\f0\fs1
8\cf0\b\i\ul0\strike0 Betrayal.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 There\f0\fs18\cf0\
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the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 rebels\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 in\f0\fs1
8\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Cavite\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 were\f0\fs18\cf0\b0
\i\ul0\strike0 leaning\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 towards\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\u
l0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 establishment\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0
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b0\i\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 government.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i
\ul0\strike0 On\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 October\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\stri
ke0 31,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 1896,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Gener
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f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 two\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 decrees.\f0\fs18
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ul0\strike0 stated\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 th
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trike0 Revolution\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 was\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike
0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 independence\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Philippines.\
f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Therefore,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 he\f0\fs1
8\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 urged\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Filipinos\f0\fs18\cf
0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 fight\par\pard\plain\li1441
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f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 following\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs1

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i\ul0\strike0 civilized\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 European\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i
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lso\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 proclaimed\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 \u822
0?Liberty,\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Equality,\f
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18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\u
l0\strike0 revolution.\par\pard\plain\sl-280\par\pard\plain\li2161\sl-209\f0\fs
18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Although\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b
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strike0 only\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 one\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of
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cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Magdalo\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i
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b0\i\ul0\strike0 was\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 free.According\f0\fs18\cf0\b
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the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 other\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 leaders\f
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trike0 decided\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 at\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 t
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0 ended\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 without\f0\fs
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i\ul0\strike0 First\f0\fs18\cf0\b\i\ul0\strike0 Meeting\f0\fs18\cf0\b\i\ul0\str
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f0\fs18\cf0\b\i\ul0\strike0 End\f0\fs18\cf0\b\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b\i
\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b\i\ul0\strike0 Katipunan\par\pard\plain\sl-280\p
ar\pard\plain\li2233\sl-209\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 With\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\u
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ainst\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 them,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\f
s18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Katipuneros\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 decided\f0\f
s18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 have\par\pard\plain\l
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meeting\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 on\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 March\f0\
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trike0 how\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Cavite\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 s
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b0\i\ul0\strike0 not\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 even\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\st

rike0 touched\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 on.\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0

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f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b
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cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 be\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 held.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul
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that\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0
\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Supreme\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Council\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\
i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
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g\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 discarded,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 and\f0\
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b0\i\ul0\strike0 be\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\stri
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0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 chair\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0
\b0\i\ul0\strike0 assembly.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Before\f0\fs18\cf0\b0
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ny\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 position\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 should\f
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\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Ironically,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 after\f0\fs18\c
f0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 elections,\par\pard\plain
\li11285\sl-331\f1\fs24\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 81\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\
pghsxn15840\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-320\par\pa
rd\plain\li1441\sl-209\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Bonifacio,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\
ul0\strike0 founder\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strik
e0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Katipunan\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 an
d\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 initiator\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs
18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 revolutionary\f0\fs18
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i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 country,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\s
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s18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 leadership\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs18\cf0
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0\i\ul0\strike0 who\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 was\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\stri
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Bonifacio\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 was\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 mere
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8\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 minor\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i
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cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 interior.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0
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e0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 other\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 leader
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ike0 Jacinto,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 were\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
considered\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 for\f0\fs18
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\i\ul0\strike0 Tejeros.\par\pard\plain\sl-280\par\pard\plain\li2161\sl-209\f0\f
s18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 When\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Bonifacio\f0\fs18\cf
0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 was\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 being\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0
\strike0 proclaimed,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Daniel\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\
strike0 Tirona,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 a\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 M
agdalo,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 had\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 even\f0\
fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 questioned\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 this\f0\fs18
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i\ul0\strike0 be\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 held\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike
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t\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 a\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 lawyer\u8217?s\f
0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 diploma.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 The\f0\fs18\
cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 angry\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Bonifacio\par\pard\pla
in\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 demanded\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\stri
ke0 a\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 retraction\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 fr
om\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Tirona,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 who,\f0\f
s18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 instead,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 turned\f0\fs18\
cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 leave.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\u
l0\strike0 Bonifacio\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 was\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\str
ike0 about\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 shoot
\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Tirona\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 when\par\par
d\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Artemio\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\
strike0 Ricarte\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 intervened.As\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul
0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 people\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
began\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 leave\f0\
fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 hall,\f0\fs18\cf0\b
0\i\ul0\strike0 Bonifacio\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 shouted\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\
i\ul0\strike0 that\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 he,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strik
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f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 president\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18
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i\ul0\strike0 Council\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\str
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declared\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 assemb
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0 had\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 been\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 approved
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ul0\strike0 left\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 with\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike
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i1441\sl-209\f0\fs18\cf0\b\i\ul0\strike0 Second\f0\fs18\cf0\b\i\ul0\strike0 Mee
ting\f0\fs18\cf0\b\i\ul0\strike0 at\f0\fs18\cf0\b\i\ul0\strike0 Tejeros:\f0\fs
18\cf0\b\i\ul0\strike0 A\f0\fs18\cf0\b\i\ul0\strike0 Confrontation\par\pard\pl
ain\sl-280\par\pard\plain\li2262\sl-209\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Aguinaldo,\
f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 engaged\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 in\f0\fs18\c
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fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 in\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Cavite,\f0\fs18\cf0\
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the\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 elections.\f0\fs1

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0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 following\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul
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as\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 later\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\
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brother,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Crispulo,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 t
o\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 leave\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 his\f0\fs18\
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0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Santo\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Tomas.\par\pard\plain\li
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as\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 a\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 member\f0\fs18\
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ke0 wrote\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Pahayag\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 o
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ke0 \u8220?Dakpin\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 sil
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8\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 confrontation,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Bonifacio\f
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s\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 brother\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Procopio\f
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December\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 14\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 and\f0\f
s18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 15,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 1897.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0
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1895,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Cuba,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 which\
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\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Weyler,\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\
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0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 month\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
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251\sl-209\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 All\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0
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safe,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Americans
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0\strike0 fight\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\
f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Spaniards\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 until\f0\fs
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ar\pard\plain\sl-280\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-209\f0\fs18\cf0\b\i\ul0\strike0 Th
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many\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Spaniards\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 had
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0 government\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 instead.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike
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18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Bulacan,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 President\f0\fs18
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cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 declared\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\
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strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 liberation\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strik
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pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 General\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\u
l0\strike0 Lukban\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 was\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike
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f0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Camarines.\par\pard\plain\sl-280\par\pard\plain\li2161\sl-2
09\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 On\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 November\f0\fs1
8\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 29,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 1898,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i
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refused\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs18\cf
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b0\i0\ul0\strike0 89\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\pard\plain\sl-20
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\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Rios\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 respectively.\f0\
fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 (Montero\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs18\cf
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24,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 1898.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 General\f
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\i\ul0\strike0 Rios\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 w
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2161\sl-209\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 When\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Mabi
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were\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 satisfied\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the
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\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 on\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 January\f0\fs18\cf0
\b0\i\ul0\strike0 21,\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
1899.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 On\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 January\f0
\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 23,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 1899,\f0\fs18\cf0\
b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Philippine\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\
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Philippines\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 did\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 not
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its\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 territory\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 in\f
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rd\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-240\par\pard\plain\li144
1\sl-209\f0\fs18\cf0\b\i\ul0\strike0 SPANISH-AMERICAN\f0\fs18\cf0\b\i\ul0\strike
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\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Roosevelt\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 ordered\f0\fs18\cf0\b
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i\ul0\strike0 by\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Gen.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike

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18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 these\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 two\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\
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40\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-320\par\pard\plain\
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fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Red\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Cross\f0\fs18\cf0\b
0\i\ul0\strike0 arrived\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 at\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\s
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ike0 lines,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 but\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\f
s18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 even\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 within\f0\fs18\cf0\b
0\i\ul0\strike0 American\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 lines\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\u
l0\strike0 he\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 saw\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 b

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ike0 Blake\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 waited\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 t
o\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 return\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs18\
cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 San\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Francisco,\f0\fs18\cf0\b
0\i\ul0\strike0 where\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 he\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\str
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b0\i\ul0\strike0 \u8220?American\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 soldiers\f0\fs18\
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in\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 sight.\u8221?\f0\fs10\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 54\p
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09\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 The\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 most\f0\fs18\c
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f0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 that\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0
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0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 success\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf
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8\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 education\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of
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trike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 cause\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of
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8\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 failure.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Osme\u241?a\f0\fs
18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Quezon,\f0\fs18\cf0\b
0\i\ul0\strike0 as\par\pard\plain\li2018\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 th
e\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 acknowledged\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 repre
sentatives,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 were\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 not
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d\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 in\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 social\f0\fs18\
cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 reform,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i
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18\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 involving\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 l
and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 ownership,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 tenan
cy,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\
cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 highly\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 unequal\f0\fs18\cf0\b
0\i\ul0\strike0 distribution\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\
ul0\strike0 wealth\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 were\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\stri
ke0 largely\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 ignored.\par\pard\plain\li2018\sl-210
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cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 power\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul

0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Nacionalista\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\s

trike0 Party,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 particularly\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\s
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i\ul0\strike0 bicameral\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Filipino\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i
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nonelite\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 interests\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
in\par\pard\plain\li2018\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\
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cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 policy\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 alternatives\f0\fs18\
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b0\i\ul0\strike0 one\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\stri
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cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Woodrow\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Wilson's\f0\fs18\cf0
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it\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 a\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Filipino\f0\fs1
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6,363\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Filipino\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 offic
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Filipino\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 614\f0\
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.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Critics\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 accused\f0
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strike0 aided\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 by\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Am
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strike0 Nacionalista\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Party."\par\pard\plain\sl-28
0\par\pard\plain\li2018\sl-209\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 A\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\u
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l0\strike0 Jones\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Act,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike
0 which\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 replaced\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 th
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cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Its\par\pard\plain\sl-205\par\pard\plain\li11285\sl-265\f1
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lain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-320\par\pard\plain\li2018\sl
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0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Laurel-Langley\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Agreem
ent.\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Laurel\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 consider
ed\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 his\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 election\f0\f
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ul0\strike0 senate\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 as\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike
0 a\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 vindication\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\

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strike0 had\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 no\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 diffi
culty\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 being\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 reelecte
d.\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 He\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 retired\f0\fs1
6\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 from\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 public\f0\fs16\cf0\b0
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e0 1957,\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 concentrating\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strik
e0 on\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 developme
nt\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\par\pard\p
lain\li1981\sl-186\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Lyceum\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\stri
ke0 of\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Philippi
nes\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 established\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 by\f
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f0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 On\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 November\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\
ul0\strike0 6,\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 1959,\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
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active\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 in\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 politics
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ke0 Jose\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 S.\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Laurel\
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d\plain\li1981\sl-186\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 president/former\f0\fs16\cf0\
b0\i\ul0\strike0 Prime\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Minister\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\
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President\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Philipp
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ale\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 proportions.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Pos
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cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 People's\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Anti-Japanese\f0\fs
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0\par\pard\plain\li1801\sl-209{\field{\*\fldinst {\hich\af0\dbch\af17\loch\f0 HY
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ul0\strike0 his\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 admi
nistration\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 lost\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 po
pularity\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 on\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 issues
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0\ul0\strike0 advanced.\par\pard\plain\sl-280\par\pard\plain\li2882\sl-209\f0\f
s18\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 Carlos\f0\fs18\cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 Polestico\f0\fs18\
cf0\b\i0\ul0\strike0 Garcia\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 (\f0\fs18\cf0\b\i\ul
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,\f0\fs18\cf0\b\i\ul0\strike0 1896\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 \u8211?\f0\fs1
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0\i0\ul0\strike0 8th\f0\fs18\cf0\b\i\ul0\strike0 president\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\u
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\strike0 to\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 serve\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
as\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 basis\f0\f
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0 In\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 1967\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 a\f0\fs
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\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 were\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 elected.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\
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\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 1971.\par\pard\plain\sl-280\par\pard\plain\li216
1\sl-209\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 On\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Septemb
er\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 21,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 1972,\f0\fs
18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Marcos\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 issued\f0\fs18\c
f0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Proclamation\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 1081,\f0\fs18\
cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 declaring\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 martial\f0\fs18\
cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 law\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 over\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0
\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 entire\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl
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\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 president's\f
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l0\strike0 Philippine\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Constabulary.\f0\fs18\cf0\
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with\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 prominent\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 po
liticians\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 othe
r\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 figures\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 were\f0\
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b0\i0\ul0\strike0 shut\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 down,\par\pard\plain\li14
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of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 a\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pen,\f0\fs18
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\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Philippine\par\pard\plain
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ke0 and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 assumed\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 i
ts\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 legislative\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 res
ponsibilities.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 During\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strik
e0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 1972-81\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 ma
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\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 presidential\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\u
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f0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 113\sect\sectd\sbkpage\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\pard\plain\s
l-200\par\pard\plain\sl-200\par\pard\plain\sl-320\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-209\f
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18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Defense\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Enrile.\f0\fs18
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i0\ul0\strike0 himself\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 admitted\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i
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\ul0\strike0 riddled\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 by\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\st
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\pard\plain\sl-280\par\pard\plain\li1801\sl-209\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Mo
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-280\par\pard\plain\li2161\sl-209\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 In\f0\fs18\cf0\b
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w\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 1981\f0\fs18

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\ul0\strike0 Aquino\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 took\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\st
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in\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 1987\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 it\f0\fs1
8\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 began\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\
i0\ul0\strike0 pick\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 up.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\st
rike0 The\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 economy\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
also\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 was\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 helped\f
0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 by\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 foreign\f0\fs18\
cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 aid.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 The\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0
\ul0\strike0 1989\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 and\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-2
10\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 1991\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 meetings\f0
\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b
0\i0\ul0\strike0 aid\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 plan\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\
strike0 called\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Multilateral\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Aid\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
Initiative,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 also\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
known\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 as\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs
18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Philippine\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Assistance\p
ar\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Plan,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i
0\ul0\strike0 a\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 multinational\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\
ul0\strike0 initiative\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\
strike0 provide\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 assistance\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0
\strike0 to\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 P
hilippines,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 pledged\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
a\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 total\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs
18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 US$6.7\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 billion.\par\par
d\plain\sl-280\par\pard\plain\li2161\sl-209\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Econom
ic\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 successes,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 howe
ver,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 generated\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the
ir\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 own\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 problems.\f
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f0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 deficit\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 rose\f0\fs18\cf0\b0

\i0\ul0\strike0 rapidly,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 as\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul
0\strike0 both\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 consu
mers\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 investors
\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 attempted\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 to\f0\f
s18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 regain\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 what\f0\fs18\cf
0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 had\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 been\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\u
l0\strike0 lost\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 in\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 depressed\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 at
mosphere\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the\f0
\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 1983-85\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0
\i0\ul0\strike0 period.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Although\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i
0\ul0\strike0 debt-service\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 payments\f0\fs18\cf0\
b0\i0\ul0\strike0 on\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 external\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\
ul0\strike0 debt\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 were\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\stri
ke0 declining\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 as\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
a\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 proportion\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 of\f0
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rd\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 exports,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\
ul0\strike0 they\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 remained\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\
strike0 above\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 25\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
percent.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 And\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the\f
0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 government\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 budget\f
0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 deficit\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 ballooned,\
f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 hitting\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 5.2\f0\fs1
8\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 percent\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 of\par\pard\plai
n\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 GNP\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
in\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 1990.\par\pard\plain\sl-280\par\pard\plain\li
2161\sl-209\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 The\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 198
8\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 GNP\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 grew\f0\fs18
\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 6.7\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 percent,\f0\fs18\cf0\
b0\i0\ul0\strike0 slightly\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 more\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i
0\ul0\strike0 than\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\str
ike0 government\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 plan\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strik
e0 target.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Growth\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
fell\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 off\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs
18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 5.7\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0
\strike0 percent\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 in\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
1989,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 then\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 plumm
eted\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 in\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 1990\f0\fs
18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 just\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\
i0\ul0\strike0 over\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 3\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\stri
ke0 percent.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Many\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
factors\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 contributed\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike
0 to\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 1990\f0\
fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 decline.\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0
\i0\ul0\strike0 The\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 country\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0
\strike0 was\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 subjected\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\str
ike0 to\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 a\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 prolong
ed\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 drought,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 which\
f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 resulted\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 in\f0\fs1
8\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 increased\f0\fs18\cf
0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 need\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul
0\strike0 import\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 rice.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\str
ike0 In\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 July\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs1
8\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 a\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 major\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0
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0\strike0 Northern\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Luzon,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\
strike0 causing\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 extensive\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\
strike0 destruction,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\s

trike0 in\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 November\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0

a\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 typhoon\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 did\pa
r\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 considerable\f0\fs18\cf
0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 damage\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 in\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\
ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Visayas.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\s
trike0 There\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 were\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
other,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 more\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 human
,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 troubles\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 also.\f
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\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 was\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\s
trike0 attempting\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike
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18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 in\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i
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ke0 1989\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 coup\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 att
empt.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Brownouts\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\f
s18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 became\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 a\f0\fs18\cf0\b0
\i0\ul0\strike0 daily\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 occurrence,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0
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8\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 peak\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 demand\f0\fs18\cf0\
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strike0 than\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 300\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
megawatts\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs18
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e0 and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 more.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Resi
dents\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Manila\f0
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8\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 from\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 a\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0
\ul0\strike0 lack\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strik
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tion\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 clogged\f
0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 overcrowded\f0\
fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 roadways;\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 garbage\f0\
fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 removal\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 was\f0\fs18\c
f0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 woefully\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 inadequate;\f0\fs1
8\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 and,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 in\par\pard\plain\l
i1441\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 general,\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike
0 the\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 city's\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 infr
astructure\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 was\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 in\
f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 decline.\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 Industria
l\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 growth\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 fell\f0\f
s18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 from\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 6.9\f0\fs18\cf0\b
0\i0\ul0\strike0 percent\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 in\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul
0\strike0 1989\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0
1.9\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 percent\par\pard\plain\li1441\sl-209\f0\fs18
\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 in\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 1990;\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0

\ul0\strike0 growth\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 investment\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0

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e0 in\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 both\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 fixed\
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s16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 anti-Estrada\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 protesters\
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n\li1801\sl-185\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 EDSA\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
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16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 site\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 of\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\
ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 1986\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
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at\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 overthrew\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Ferdina
nd\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Marcos.\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 A\f0\fs16
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f0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 ensued\par\pard\plain\li1801\sl-185\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\st
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16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 resignation\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 became\f0\fs1
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b0\i\ul0\strike0 ever.\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 In\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\st
rike0 the\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 following\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
days,\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 number\f0
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strike0 Armed\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Forces\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
of\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Philippines
,\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 seeing\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\f0\fs16
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0\i\ul0\strike0 military\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 support,\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\
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from\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 his\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 cabinet,\
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b0\i\ul0\strike0 government\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 quickly\f0\fs16\cf0\b
0\i\ul0\strike0 fell.On\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 January\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\
ul0\strike0 20,\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 2001,\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike
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6\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 presidency\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 vacant\f0\fs16\
cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 and\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 the\par\pard\plain\li180
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0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 family\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 were\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\u
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trike0 returned\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 to\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
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illegitimate,\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 despite\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0
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f0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 Violence\f0\fs16\cf0\b0\i\ul0\strike0 erupted\f0\fs16\cf0\
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\strike0 Vol\par\pard\plain\li476\sl-210\f0\fs18\cf0\b0\i0\ul0\strike0 XII\f0\f
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