Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Chinta Da Visha
Chinta Da Visha
«⁄øÂ≈ Á≈ «ÚÙ≈
ly K k sR . qrsy m isM G
cy A rmY n , Drm pR c wr kmy t I
id` l I is` K gu r du A wrw pR b M D k kmy t I
jo ftnesh nkgDh e" w Bkb fgnko eodk j? ns/ nkgDh e" w ftu ofjz d k j' f Jnk jh T[ j
nkgD/ / nkg B{ z ;[ o Z f yns ;wMdk j? . jo e' J h ukj[ z d k j? fe T[ ; dh e" w jo gZ y ' I w}p{ s pDh oj/ .
id th T[ ; dh e" w , fe;/ gZ y ' I ew}' o j' ojh Bio nkt/ sK T[ j j' o ez w SZ v e/ th nkgDh e" w B{ z
w}p{ s eoB d/ :sB eoB bZr g?Idk j?. jo wB[Zy nkgDh e"w dh uVQdh ebk d/y e/ wkD eodk j? . fJj
uVQ d h ebk T[ ; B{ z ;[ o Z f ynk s/ s;Z b h fdz d h j? , fi; d/ Go' ; / Bkb T[ j p/ - f\eo j' e/ nkgD/ gfotko
dk nkofEe s/ ;wkfie gZ X o T[ ^ uk eoB bJh T[ ^ dw eodk ofjz d k j? .
fi; gfotko d/ nkgD/ uko G? D -Gok jB, T[ j d[ y ;[ y ;w/ I fJe d{ i / dk ;jkok pD ;ed/ jB.
nkofEe s" o s/ y[ F jkb j' ;ed/ jB. p}[ o r wksk-fgsk dh nkw ns/ phwkoh d/ ;w/ I uz r h ;/ t k
eoe/ y[ F hnK wkD ;ed/ jB. fJ; d/ w[ e kpb/ i/ e o fe;/ dk fJe pZ u k j? sK T[ j ftukok eh ;/ t k
eo/ r k< eh ez w d/ y / r k< eh xo dh d/ y Gkb eo/ r k< f;nkD/ b' e K dk eEB j? fe ;z ; ko ftZ u fJeZ b k
sK o[ Z y th BjhI j' D k ukjhdk.
fJeZ b k wB[ Z y Bk nkgDk e[ M ;tko ;edk j? Bk nkgD/ gfotko iK ;wki dk. T[ j ;tkoE,
bkbu s/ vo j/ m ofjz d k j' f Jnk uko/ gk;/ s' I nkgD/ nkg B{ z fxfonk j' f Jnk wfj;{ ; eodk j? .
r[ n KYh th sK jh nkdo eod/ jB i/ e o T[ ; d/ uko ihn xo d/ nkgD/ j' D . ;kvh ;wkfie ;[ o Z f ynk
xo d/ ihnK dh frDsh T[ ^ s/ pVh fBoGo eodh j? .
f}zzw/tkoh L
jo f;Z y -gfotko nkgDh e" w dk io{ o h fjZ ; k j? . jo gfotko d/ gq c [ Z b s ns/ y[ F jkb j' D ftu
jh f;Z y e" w dk Gbk ns/ skes j? . i/ e o jo gfotko tX/ c[ Z b / r k sK f;Z y e" w th tX/ - c[ Z b / r h. go
gfotkoK d/ ;[ z r V ikD Bkb f;Z y e" w th ;[ z r Ve/ S' N h j' ikt/ r h.
d' djke/ gfjbK jo gfotko d/ fsz B -uko XhnK-g[ Z s o j[ z d / ;B. e' J h jZ E h ez w eodk ;h, e' J h
B" e oh s/ e' J h tkgko iK ftd/ F ik e/ gfotko ~ ;jkok fdz d k ;h. go j[ D f;Z y irs ftu fJe iK
tZ X s' I tZ X d' pZ u / oZ y D dk gq u bs j' fojk fotki jo gZ y ' I B[ e ;kB d/ j j? . f;Z y e" w gfjb/ jh
pj[ s S' N h fijh j? , T[ ^ s' I n;hI nkg jh fJ; B{ z j' o S' N h s' I S' N h eoh ik oj/ jK.
fJ; bJh pVh s/ } h Bkb ;[ z r Vdh ik ojh nkgDh e" w B{ z gq c [ Z b s eoB ftu nkgDk :' r dkB
gkT[ , BjhI sK nkT[ D tkb/ ;w/ I ftu ;kvhnK B;bK B{ z pV/ fGnkBe BshfinK dk ;kjwDk eoBk
gt/ r k. pj[ s E' V Q h frDsh ofj ikD @s/ fe;/ r[ n KYh e" w B/ ;kvh Bk sk e' J h gq t kj eoBh j? s/ Bk
jh edo. GftZ y ftZ u j' D tkb/ fJfsjk;ekoK B/ ;kB{ z ;kfonK ~ skjD/ fwjD/ d/ e/ bkjDsK
gkT[ D hnK jB.
1975 ftu Gkos dh nkpkdh eohp ;Z s o eo' V ;h. fJ; ftu d' eo' V f;Z y ;B. fJ; dk noE
fJj j' f Jnk fe T[ ; ;w/ I 100 GkoshnK ftu e/ t b 3 f;Z y ;B.
nZ i Gkos dh nkpkdh tZ X e/ fJe ;" thj eo' V j' rJh j? . f;Z y K dh nkpkdh tZ X Dh sK d{ o dh
rZ b , ;r' I xZ N e/ v/ V eo' V ofj rJh j? , fJ; ftu w' B / j' ikD tkb/ f;Z y K dh frDsh th Fkwb j? .
fi; s' I Gkt j? fe nZ i 100 GkoshnK ftu n;hI (f;Z y ) f;o\ 1H2 ofj rJ/ jK.
fJ;/ soQ K 1975 ftu gz i kp d/ ;" b' e K ftu ;Z s o f;Z y ;B. go nZ i xN e/ 50 ofj rJ/ jB.
}ok nkgD/ fdwkr dh tos' I eoe/ ;' u ' , i/ e o f;Z y K dh nkpkdh fJ;/ o\sko Bkb xZ N dh rJh sK
nkT[ D tkb/ 50-100 ;kbK fgZ S ' I ;kvk eh ofj ikt/ r k< ;kvk c]o< ;kvh fJ}s< ;kvh ;[ o Z f ynk<
w[ikjok L
id fgSbh iB-rDBk t/ b / ;oeko B/ f;Z y K dh xZ N ojh nkpkdh pko/ n? b kB ehsk sK e[ M
}ipksh f;Z y K B/ fJz v hnk r/ N fdZ b h fty/ fJe w[ i kjok ehsk ;h fe Gkos ;oeko, ikD p[ Z M e/ f;Z y K
dh nkpkdh xZ N dZ ; ojh j? . T[ X o ;oeko B/ fejk fe ;kB{ z , s[ j kvh nkpkdh xZ N dZ ; D dh eh b' V
j? <
T[ E / g[ f b; gq p z X ftu bZ r / j' J / fJe vhHnkJhHihH B/ w[ i kjok eoB tkfbnK ~ p/ p keh Bkb
fejk fe @;oeko s[ j kvh xZ N dh nkpkdh d/ ;pz X ftu eh eo ;edh j? #< id s[ ; h y[ d jh J/ B /
ew}' o j' rJ/ j' ! Bk s[ ; hI 3-4 pZ f unK ~ iBw d/ ;ed/ j' ! Bk o' N h ewk e/ T[ B Q K dk g/ N gkb ;ed/
j' ! f;Z y ' HHHH! s[ j kvh nkpkdh sK xNDh jh xNDh j? H HHHH#. @nkgDh nkpkdh y[ d xNkJh ik oj/ j'
ns/ d' F ;oeko #s/ brkT[ I d/ j' # < s[ ; hI ;ko/ b' e nkg' nkgD/ xoK B{ z s[ o ikU ns/ nkgD/ - nkgD/
gfotko B{ z ;[ z r VB s' I pukUHHHHHsK fe nrbh iB-rDBk sZ e s[ j kvh nkpkdh j' o th xZ N Bk j' ikt/ .
w[ i kjok ysw j' frnk. b' e nkg' nkgD/ xoK B{ z s[ o rJ/ . f;Z y K dh nkpkdh brksko xNdh
rJh ns/ xNdh ik ojh j? . nkw f;Z y ;wki B{ z fJ; ;ukJh dk gsk jh BjhI bZ r fojk. T[ ^ Xo f;Z y
fto' X h skesK, f;Z y K d/ ykw' F s/ j" b h-j" b h j' oj/ yksw/ B{ z d/ y e/ pVhnK y[ F jB. fJj y[ F h T[ B Q K
~ fJ; eoe/ th f}nkdk j' ojh j? fe j[ D f;Z y K B{ z wkoB dh b' V jh BjhI feT[ I fe f;Z y K B/ nkgD/
nkg B{ z nkg jh ysw eoB dk tXhnk F" e (fJe iK d' pZ f unK B{ z iBw d/ D dk) g? d k eo fbnk j? .
fto'XhnK ~ y[Fh L
f;Z y fto' X h skesK ~ nk; j? fe T[ j fdB d{ o BjhI id' I f;Z y y[ d jh ;G ysw j' ikDr/ .
e/ t b 50-100 ;kbK dh rZ b j? . id fJj fpbe[ b jh Bk-wkso, nwho, vog' e , xZ N frDsh ftu
ofj ikDr/ sK fJBQ K B{ z ysw j' J / jh ;wM' . ;' , wjkokik oDihs f;z x d/ f;Z y oki B{ z M{ o B tKr,
pu/ j' J / f;Z y fJj rZ b :kd eoe/ M{ f onk eoBr/ fe ed/ ;kv/ tZ v / tv/ o / ftF/ F eoe/ gz i kp ftu
pj[ - frDsh ftu j' f Jnk eod/ ;B. T[ B Q K dhnK J/ B hnK t' N K ;B fe T[ j nkgDh wo}h dk w[ Z y wz s oh
u[ D ;ed/ ;B! T[ j nkgD/ jZ e b? e/ fJZ } s Bkb fiT[ I d/ ;B. j[ D ;kv/ ;ko/ jZ e d{ f inK B/ y' j bJ/
jB! E' j Vh frDsh ftu j' D eoe/ j[ D T[ j jZ e s/ fJZ i s n;hI feZ E ' I bZ G hJ/ <
fJj rZ b :kd oZ y D tkbh j? fe 1947 Jh;th ~, eohp d' bZ y gko;h Gkos ftu ofjz d / ;B.
nkgDh nwhoh s/ n? F ' - fJFos dh x[ z w D x/ o h ftu c; e/ , T[ j th fJe-fJZ e pZ u / B{ z iBw d/ D sZ e
;hws j' rJ/ . fi; eoe/ nZ i T[ j pVh w[ F feb Bkb Y{ f vnK e' J h fJe nZ X jh bZ G dk j? . f;Z y irs
th gko;hnK tkb/ okj g? frnk j? . fJj okj fsnkrD ftu jh f;Z y e" w dh GbkJh j? .
;kvhnK BkekwhnK L
wz B bt' f;Z y K d/ ;" gfotko fJe pZ u / sZ e ;hws ofjD tkb/ jB. fJ; soQ K fJBQ K dh u" E h
g[ F s (Generation) ;[ z r Ve/ S/ gfotkoK sZ e ;hws j' ikt/ r h. fJe pZ u / tkfbnK B{ z u" E h g[ F s sZ e
gj[ z u d/ - gj[ z u d/ 94 gq s hFs dk xkNk g? iKdk j? . fJj xkNk GftZ y ftu T[ B Q K dh ;[ o Z f ynk, y[ F jkbh
s/ ftek; d/ okj T[ ^ s/ s[ o / ofjD ftu tZ v h o[ e ktN ;kps j' D k j? .
Gkos d/ ;" eo' V s' I tZ X dh nkpkdh tkb/ b' e K B{ z sK nkgDh nkpkdh xNkT[ D dh e' J h fuz s k
BjhI j? . go ;koh fuz s k (;k~) d' eo' V (s' I xZ N ) f;Z y K B{ z g? rJh j? . fgSb/ 40 e[ ;kbK ftu n;hI
(f;Z y K B/ ) nkgDh e" w bJh j[ D sZ e eh gq k gs ehsk j? < nkU ioQ K fXnkB Bkb ;' u hJ/ L
1H oki;h XZ e / , Xkofwe ftseo/ s/ ;wkfie wkoK ykXhnK jB.
2H @gz i kp r[ o { n K dk# go ;G :kdrkoK r? o -f;Z y K dhnK pDhnK.
3H fiBQ K d/ fsbe pukJ/ ;B, T[ j h ;kvh B;b wekT[ D bZ r / jB.
4H j[ D sK n;hI nkg jh nkgDh j' I d B{ z ysw eoB d/ okj g? rJ/ jK.
5H nkgDh nkpkdh ftu bZ y K b' e K dk xkNk gk e/ d{ i / ;{ f pnK d/ J/ B / jh b' e K B{ z gz i kp ftu
nkT[ D ns/ ez w eoB dk ;Z d k d/ fdZ s k j? .
6H nkgD/ B" i tkB pZ f unK B{ z ez w Bk eoB dh nkds gk e/ T[ B Q K B{ z ew}' o , BFJh s/ Bekok
pDke/ nkgDh j' I d j;sh bJh ysok g? d k eo fbnk j? .
7H ftjb/ s/ p/ - o' i rko B" i tkB BF/ eoB, bVkJhnK MrV/ , u' o h, vke/ wkoB tor/ rbs ez w K
ftZ u g? e/ popkd j' D bZ r / jB. fJ; rZ b ftu e' J h M{ m BjhI fe n;hI gz i kp ftu nkgD/
ofjD bJh Boe tork tksktoB fsnko eo fbnk j? .
8H nkgDh iZ d h-g[ F sh iwhB, ikfJdkd r? o K ~ t/ u e/ nkgD/ tZ v / tv/ f onK dk BK-fBFkB ysw
eo oj/ jK.
fNZ g Dh L f;nkD/ wK pkg nkgD/ pZ f unk dh Fkdh fgZ S ' I S/ s h n" b kd bJh }o{ o nodk;
eod/ ofjz d / jB sK fe tkfjr[ o { dh fwjo Bkb Bt/ I gfotko dh pDso dk nkoz G j' ikt/ .
jo dkd/ dkdh ~ g' s o/ fgZ S ' I g' s oh iK g' s oh fgZ S ' I g' s o/ dh T[ w hd j[ z d h j? . HHHHH fco i' V h
obkT[ D dh GktBk, gfotko ftZ u y[ F hnK dk tksktoB g? d k eoe/ , e" w h ftek; d/ wkor
ftZ u nkgDk :' r dkB gk iKdh j? . i/ d' XhnK g? d k j' ikD sK g[ Z s o dh nk; pDh ofjDh
ukjhdh j? go i/ d' g[ Z s o g? d k j' ikD sK xZ N s' I xZ N fJe Xhn d/ g? d k j' D dh nk; th
oZ y Dh ukjhdh j? . fJ; soQ K ;wki d/ ;ko/ foFs/ ekfJw oZ y / ik ;ed/ jB. nkw nkdwh
BjhI ;' u ;edk fe xZ N ' xZ N fsz B ihnK d/ gfotko Bkb f;Z y e" w ~ eh bkG j' t / r k. go
fJe rZ b dkjt/ Bkb ejh ik ;edh j? fe xZ N ' xZ N fsz B pZ f unK tkb/ gfotko dh tz F
nkgDhnK uko g[ F sK fgZ S ' I th tZ X dh c[ Z b dh jh oj/ r h.
fit/ I L B{ z j , itkJh, g' s ok, g' s oh, BBkD, GoikJh, G{ n k, ukuh, skJh, d/ t o, BkBk, BkBh,
dkdk, dkdh. wk;h dh j' I d sK jh pu ;edh j? , i/ e o GkrK tkb/ fe;/ gfotko d/ xo d'
XhnK iBw b? D , toBk e' J h Bk e' J h foFsk nX{ o k ofj e/ ;wki ~ xkNk }o{ o g? ikDk j? .
iok mz Y / fdwkr Bkb ;' u ' , oZ p Bk eo/ , i/ feXo/ fJe pZ u / ~ fe;/ jkd;/ , phwkoh, MrV/ iK
e[ d osh GkD/ ekoB e' J h nph-Bph j' ikt/ sK fco wkfgnK dh ikfJdkd dk wkbe e"D j't/rk< ni/j/ pdB;hp
wkfgnK dh fgSbh T[ w o fet/ I pshs j' t / r h< nZ i eb p[ Y / g / ftu nkgD/ iBw/ j' J / pZ u / th ;/ t k BjhI
eod/ , fco id nkgDk j' t / r k jh e' J h BjhI sK fco o[ b -o[ b e/ woB s' I f;tk j' o eh ukok ofj
ikt/ r k< go 2-3 pZ f unK ~ iBw d/ D dh ;{ o s ftu ni/ j k e[ M th BjhI tkgo ;edk. fJ; bJh
}whB, ikfJdkd, d[ e kB, wekB, e' m h,ekoK dh tz v j' D s' I vo e/ , fJe pZ u / sZ e nkgD/ gfotko B{ z
;hws oZ y Dk, f;tkJ/ w{ o ysk s' I j' o e[ M th BjhI j? .
fijV/ b' e brGr 100 ;kb gfjb/ 16 gfotko ;B, T[ B Q K d/ fJe pZ u / B{ z iBw d/ D d/ wko{
o{ M kB eoe/ , e/ t b fJe gfotko jh pkeh ofj frnk. pkeh ;ko/ gfotko ;w/I d/ ekb-uZeo ftu Bekok iK
ysw j' rJ/. e[ M j' o th ekoB jB fiBQ K eoe/ ;kvh nkpkdh s/ } h Bkb xND tkb/ gk;/ s[ o g? I dh j? ,
fit/ I L-
oZph GkD/ L
1H nuBu/ s w" s j' ikDh.
2 H phwkoh eoe/ w" s iK Bekok j' ikDk.
16 x 2 ÷ 2 = 16 x 2 ÷ 2 = 16 x 2 ÷ 2 = 16 x 2 ÷ 2 = 16
16 x 3 ÷ 2 = 24 x 3 ÷ 2 = 36 x 3 ÷ 2 = 54 x 3 ÷ 2 = 81
wz B bt' 16 gfotko c? ; bk eod/ jB fe f;Z y e" w dh frDsh, d{ i hnK e" w K d/ w[ e kpb/ pj[ s
E' V Q h j? , fJ; bJh T[ B Q K dk jo fJe gfotko, uko-uko pZ f unK B{ z iBw d/ t / r k. fJ; soQ K 16
gfotko u" E h g[ F s sZ e gj[ z u e/ 256 gfotkoK dk pkr gfotko fyV g? I dk j? . fit/ I ukoN
do;k fojk j? L
16 x 4 ÷ 2 = 32 x 4 ÷ 2 = 64 x 4 ÷ 2 = 128 x 4 ÷ 2 = 256
}ok ;' u ' ! i/ d' tZ y -tZ y e" w K d/ b' e , fe;/ Ffjo iK e;p/ ftu fJeZ m / tZ ; oj/ j' D , fJe d/
f;o\ 6 gfotko j' D ns/ d{ i / d/ 100 gfotko ns/ gfjbh e" w d/ 6 gfotko 4-4 pZ f unK B{ z iBw
d/ I d/ jB. idfe d{ i h e" w d/ 100 gfotko 1-1 pZ u / tkb/ jB sK uko g[ F sK fgZ S ' I 6 gfotkoK tkbh
e" w 100 j' ikt/ r h ns/ 100 gfotkoK tkbh e" w xN e/ 6 sZ e nk gj[ z u / r h.
fJZ E / e[ M rZ b K ftuko e/ nkgD/ e' b ' I T[ ^ so wz r D/ io{ o h jB L
1H okiGkr 100 tkb/ eoBr/ iK 6 tkb/ <
2H e' J h ;oeko 100 b' e K dh rZ b ;[ D / I rh iK 6 dh<
3H fJ}s, o' j p s/ FkB d' j K ftu' I fe; dh tZ X j' t / r h<
4H fe;/ ;oeko B/ 100 b' e K ~ y[ F oZ y Dk j? iK 6 ~<
5H nkgD/ nkg B{ z ;[ o Z f yns e" D ;wM/ r k<
6H fejV/ b' e K dh p' b h s/ ebuo gq c [ Z b s j' t / r k<
;' , fJjBK gO F BK d/ i' T[ s o jB, T[ B Q K ftu jh f;Z y e" w d/ w" } { d k ;z e N dk jZ b b[ f enk
j' f Jnk j? . ;kfonK ~ nwbh s" o #s/ f;nkDg gO r N eod/ j' J / f;Z N / fdykT[ D / ukjhd/ jB.
xkNk jh xkNk L
n;hA (f;Z y ) gfotko-fB:' i B d/ pV/ gZ e / XkoDh jK feT[ I fe ;kv/ b' e K ~ nwho pD/ ofjD dh
fsq F Bk d{ i hnK e" w K Bkb' I f}nkdk tX/ o / j? . nwho FkB' - F" e s ~ ekfJw oZ y D ftu e/ t b fJe pZ u k
jh ;jkJh j' D dk ftFtk; pD frnk j? . }whB, ikfJdkd dk pNtkok Bk j' t / , fJ; bJh eJh
gfotko fJe pZ u / ~ jh iBw d/ D k ek\h ;wMd/ jB.
fJe pZ u / tkfbnK ~ B[ e ;kB jh B[ e ;kB j' D dk ysok pfDnk ofjz d k j? . fJ; wkV/ o[ M kB ~
s[ o z s pz d eo fdZ s k ikDk ukjhdk j? . eJh gfotko n? ; / jB fiBQ K dhnK e' m hnK sK jB go T[ B Q K ftu
ofjD tkbk e' J h fJB;kB BjhI j? . }whBK jB go y/ s h eoB bJh pz d / BjhI. tZ v / - tZ v / ekbi jB go
gVQ B bJh d{ i hnK e" w K d/ pZ u / . tZ v / - tZ v / eko' p ko sK jB go B" e oK s' I fpBQ K ez w eoB tk;s/ xo dk
e' J h pz d k BjhI, ;' u ' H HHHHfeT[ < r[ o d[ n kfonK d/ jkb tZ v / - tZ v / jB, go frDsh nz d o xNdh ik ojh
j? , ;' u ' H HHHHfeT[ <
i/ ;kv/ nkgD/ XhnK-g[ Z s o eko' p ko ~ ;z G kbD bJh j' D , sK fJj e' J h p[ o h rZ b j? <
eh n;hI nkgD/ pZ f unK Bkb' I B" e oK ~ tZ X JhwkBdko s/ fwjBsh ;wMd/ jK< idfe eJh ypoK
jB fe bkbuh B"eo p}[orK ~ fJeZfbnK d/ye/ T[BQK dk esb eoe/ coko j' oj/ jB. xZN s'I xZN nkgD/ pZu/
nfijk sK BjhI eo ;ed/<
uko-uko B" e oK dk g/ N gkb ;ed/ j' ! T[ B Q K d/ pZ f unK d/ ftnkj eo ;ed/ j' ! sK i/ s[ j kv/
nkgD/ pZ u / j' D , sK eh T[j, B"eoK Bkb'I th wkV/ jB<
;' , i/ fJe-d' j' o pZ f unK ~ iBw d/ fdZ s k sK nkg ih d/ f;o #s/ e' J h nk\s BjhI nk
fvZ r Dh< fJe pZ u / tkb/ ofj e/ nkgDh nwhoh sK e[ M ;kbK bJh puk bt' r / go uko g[ F sK fgZ S ' I
s[ j kvh j' D tkbh n" b kd ~ gsk uZb/rk fe T[j nwho j' rJ/ iK popkd j' rJ/. r[o{ ;kfjp dk \owkB j? L
fJZe pZu/ sZe ;hws ofjD tkb/ gfotkoK ~ j/m fby/ T[^s/ }o{o r"o eoBk ukjhdk j?. nodk; j? gOwkswk Bk
eo/ L
1H i/ fJe pZ u k bkvbk j' D eo e/ ftrV frnk sK c/ o eh pD/ r k<
2H i/ e o T[ j nkb;h, ftjbV iK fBopb ofj frnk sK c/ o HHH<
3H e' J h phwkoh iK wkVh xNBk th, fe;/ e' b ' I g[ Z S e/ BjhI tkgodh.
4H pj[ s h ikfJdkd th fJeZ b / ftnesh bJh w[ ; hps dk ekoB pD iKdh j? .
5H ;koh ikfJdkd dk wkbe j' D d/ ro{ o ftu i/ T[ j wkfgnK s' I pkrh j' frnk sKHHHHH<
n;b nwhoh L
nkw s" o #s/ b' e efjz d / jB fe ;koh d[ B hnk dh nkpkdh pj[ s tZ X ojh j? . fJ; bJh f;Z y K ~
nkgDh xZ N dh j' J h nkpkdh ~ tXkT[ D dh ;bkj d/ D h mhe BjhI j? . fJj :kd oZ y D tkbh rZ b j? fe
1% nkpkdh tkbk f;Z y irs i/ e o nkgD/ 2-2 j' o pZ f unK ~ iBw fdz d k j? sK d[ B hnk dh nkpkdh
ftu H000001% dk th tkXk BjhI j' D k go s/ } h Bkb g? fojk xkNk }o{ o o[ e ikt/ r k.
nZ i eZ b ;oeko ~ F/ o , uhs/ s/ j' o iz r bh ikBtoK d/ ysw j' J h ikD dh fuz s k ykJh ik ojh
j? . r[ o { e/ f;Z y ' ! s[ ; hI xZ N ojh nkgDh e" w dh fuz s k ed' I eo' r / < ;' , ;k~ ukjhdk j? fe n;hI
nkgDh e" w gO s h f}[ z w / t kohnK ~ fXnkB ftu oZ y d/ j' J / , nkgDh ihtB F? b h ns/ ;' u ~ pdb bJhJ/ .
r[ D tZ s k iK frDsh L
jo nkw ns/ yk; nkdwh fJ; rZ b ftZ u :ehB oZ y dk j? fe ;k~ nkgD/ pZ f unK dh r[ D tZ s k
tZ b fXnkB d/ D k ukjhdk j? ns/ j' o pZ f unK d/ fynkb ~ oZ d eoBk ukjhdk j? feT[ I fe fJ; Bkb
;wZ f ;nktK ftZ u tkXk j[ z d k j? . go fJ; ;Z u kJh tZ b ' I th e' J h w{ z j BjhI w' V ;edk fe frDsh ftu' I
jh r[ D tZ s k fBebdh j? . d[ Z X ftu' I wZ y D fBebdk j? , wZ y D ftZ u ' I d[ Z X BjhI fBeb ;edk. fJ; bJh
n;hI ;kfonK B/ nkgDh e" w dh frDsh tZ b th fXnkB d/ D k j? ns/ r[ D tZ s k tZ b th. ;kvk frDsh
gZ y ' I th r[ i kok BjhI ns/ r[ D tZ s k gZ y ' I th BjhI.
fijV/ b' e ;k~ e/ t b r[ D tZ s k-r[ D tZ s k dk gkm gVQ k T[ I d/ jB. T[ j ;kv/ f;Z y K torh pj[ s xZ N
frDsh tkbh e" w d/ fwZ s o BjhI j' ;ed/ . d/ F bJh ;wZ f ;nktK T[ j b' e yVhnK eo oj/ jB, fiBQ K
dh nkpkdh fgSb/ 60 ;kbK ftZ u tZ X e/ d' r[ D K j' rJh j? idfe fJ;/ no;/ ftZ u f;Z y K B/ nkgDh
nkpkdh ftZ u pVk ysoBke gZ X o dk xkNk gk fbnk j? ns/ fJj xkNk i/ e o Bk o' f enk frnk sK
nkT[ D tkb/ ;w/ I ftZ u ;kvhnK B;bK bJh pVk xkse ;kps j' ;edk j? .
r[ D tZ s k iK frDsh L
jo nkw ns/ yk; nkdwh fJ; rZ b ftZ u :ehB oZ y dk j? fe ;k~ nkgD/ pZ f unK dh r[ D tZ s k
tZ b fXnkB d/ D k ukjhdk j? ns/ j' o pZ f unK d/ fynkb ~ oZ d eoBk ukjhdk j? feT[ I fe fJ; Bkb
;wZ f ;nktK ftZ u tkXk j[ z d k j? . go fJ; ;Z u kJh tZ b ' I th e' J h w{ z j BjhI w' V ;edk fe frDsh ftu' I
jh r[ D tZ s k fBebdh j? . d[ Z X ftu' I wZ y D fBebdk j? , wZ y D ftZ u ' I d[ Z X BjhI fBeb ;edk. fJ; bJh
n;hI ;kfonK B/ nkgDh e" w dh frDsh tZ b th fXnkB d/ D k j? ns/ r[ D tZ s k tZ b th. ;kvk frDsh
gZ y ' I th r[ i kok BjhI ns/ r[ D tZ s k gZ y ' I th BjhI.
fijV/ b' e ;k~ e/ t b r[ D tZ s k-r[ D tZ s k dk gkm gVQ k T[ I d/ jB. T[ j ;kv/ f;Z y K torh pj[ s xZ N
frDsh tkbh e" w d/ fwZ s o BjhI j' ;ed/ . d/ F bJh ;wZ f ;nktK T[ j b' e yVhnK eo oj/ jB, fiBQ K
dh nkpkdh fgSb/ 60 ;kbK ftZ u tZ X e/ d' r[ D K j' rJh j? idfe fJ;/ no;/ ftZ u f;Z y K B/ nkgDh
nkpkdh ftZ u pVk ysoBke gZ X o dk xkNk gk fbnk j? ns/ fJj xkNk i/ e o Bk o' f enk frnk sK
nkT[ D tkb/ ;w/ I ftZ u ;kvhnK B;bK bJh pVk xkse ;kps j' ;edk j? .
(T) Bt/ I ftnkj/ pj[ s / i' V / nfij/ jB, i' nkgD/ ftnkj fgZ S ' I ;? o -;gkN/ s/ j' o eJh jbe/
fynkbK d/ gq G kt eoe/ uko iK gz i ;kb sZ e nkgD/ xo ftZ u pZ u / ~ iBw d/ D dh o[ u h iK b' V
BjhI ;wMd/ . i/ e o gz i e[ ;kb fgZ S ' I pZ u k iBw b? I dk j? sK id sZ e T[ j pZ u k gz i e[ ;kb dk
tZ v k j' e/ ;e{ b dkyb BjhI j' iKdk sd sZ e d{ i / pZ u / ~ iBw d/ D s' I gq j / } jh BjhI ehsk iKdk
pbfe r? o -}o{ o h th ;wfMnk iKdk j? .
(n) gfjb/ pZ u / ~ ;e{ b dh nkgDh gVQ k Jh g{ o h eoB bJh xZ N s' I xZ N 12 e[ ;kb sK bZ r jh ikD/
jB. fco uko iK gz i ;kb dk e' J h e' o ; eoe/ fe;/ uz r h B" e oh iK o' i rko dh Gkb bJh e[ Z M
;kb XZ e / yk yk e/ popkd th eoB/ g? ;ed/ jB. fJ; soQ K ibdh s' I ibdh th e' J h fe;ws
tkbk pZ u k bZ r GZ r 25 e[ ;kb sZ e dh T[ w o dk j' e/ jh nkgD/ g? o K #s/ yVk j' D d/ :' r j'
;edk j? .
(;) fJ; ;w/ I sZ e wksk fgsk dh T[ w o n" ; sB 57 ;kb s' I tXhe j' iKdh j? . i/ e o d{ i k pZ u k th
nkgD/ gfjb/ G? D iK Gok d/ BeF/ edwK #s/ uZ b dk j' f Jnk jh ;z G kfts Bh:s ;w/ I ftZ u nkgDh
gVQ k Jh g{ o h eoe/ nkgD/ g? o K #s/ yVQ k j' D ftZ u ekw:kp j' ikt/ sK wksk fgsk 62 ;kb dh
T[ w o s' I tZ X d/ j' iKd/ jB.
(j) fJ; T[ w o ftZ u gj[ z u e/ pZ f unK bJh foFs/ bZ G D/ fco o' e / , mke/ , FrB s/ ftnkj eoB ftZ u
4-5 ;kb sK bZ r jh iKd/ jB. fJT[ I wksk fgsk d' j K pZ f unK tZ b ' I nkgDhnK }[ z w / t kohnK
fBGkn e/ nkgD/ nkg ~ ;[ o yo{ ;wMd/ jB. go fJj sK jh ;z G t j[ z d k j? , i/ ftnkj/ rJ/
i' f VnK d/ nkg;h ;pz X sBkT[ iK fpyoB tkb/ okj #s/ Bk g? D . toBk ;koh ;koh T[ w o dk o' D K
th (e[ Z M ftF/ F ekoBK eoe/ ) eJh gfotkoK d/ gZ b / g? iKdk j? .
fJ; jkbs ftu p}[ o r wkfgnK ~ pZ f unK dk ;jkok fwbD dh EK T[ b Nk w[ ; hpsK d/ gjkV
f;o s' I fvZ r g? I d/ jB. fJBQ K jkbksK Bkb BfiZ m D bJh p}[ o rK ftZ u Bk sK nksfwe Fesh
j[ z d h j? ns/ Bk jh nkofEe Fesh. fJ; soQ K xo/ b { MrfVnK d/ jZ b , nD-;[ b M/ jh ofjiKd/
jB, fi; Bkb nkg;h d{ o hnK pj[ s tZ X iKdhnK jB.
fJ; soQ K dh gfotkoe :' i Bk pVh d' F g{ o B j? . 40-50 ;kb dh T[ w o d/ wksk fgsk ~ ;jko/
dh b' V bZ r D bZ r dh j? . nZ i eZ b Q d/ ofjD-;fjD d/ Yzr, ykD ghD dhnK fwbktN tkbhnK t;sK ns/ j'o
eJh ekoBK eoe/ eJh o'r th x/oBk F[o{ eo fdzd/ jB. 60-62 ;kb sZe gj[zud/ gj[zud/ wksk fgsk Bk sK nkgDh
f;js no'r oZy ;ed/ jB ns/ Bk jh nkgDh nkofEe jkbs.
fJ; soQ K dh :' i Bk tkb/ wkg/ , fiBQ K d/ e/ t b d' pZ u / jB, T[ B Q K dh gkbDk, gVQ k Jh, g? o K #s/
yV/ eoBk s/ ftnkj nkfde dhnK f}[ z w / t kohnK fBGkT[ I d/ j' J / tZ v h T[ w o j' ikD eoe/ nkgDh ;koh
Fesh ysw eo p? m d/ jB ns/ nkw jkbsK ftZ u T[ B Q K ~ pZ f unK dk ;jkok BjhI fwbdk, fi; ekoB
p}[ o r wkfgnK ~ d[ y h, go/ F kB ns/ sBkT[ rq ; s ofjD bJh w}p{ o ofjDk g? I dk j? . nfij/ wkfgnK
dk i/ e o shik pZ u k th j' t / r k sK T[ ; dh Bk gVQ k Jh j' ;edh j? , Bk uz r k nkofEe t;hbk. ;' , T[ ; d/
ihtB ftZ u n" e VK jh n" e VK j' D dk nB[ w kB ;fji/ jh brkfJnk ik ;edk j?. go fJj ;kohnK n"eVK
wkfgnK d/ d/o Bkb j'J/ ftnkj T[gozs d/o Bkb pZu/ ~ fdZs/ iBw ns/ nrb/ pZ u / d/ iBw ftZ u r? o }o{ o h
d/ o h eoe/ jh g? d k j[ z d hnK jB.
fJ; gq e ko d/ gfotko ~ ;Ekfgs eoB dh :' i Bk, Bk wkfgnK d/ fjs ftZ u j? , Bk pZ f unK d/
fjs ftZ u ns/ Bk jh f;Z y e" w d/ fjs ftZ u . fiz B h S/ s h j' ;e/ ;k~ rbs o[ M kBK ~ SZ v d/ D k ukjhdk
j? .
eh ehsk ikt/ L
1H fijV/ pZ u / nkgDh gVQ k Jh SZ v d/ D , T[ B Q K ~ e' J h jZ E hI ez w f;yk e/ , e' J h o[ } rko dk t;hbk
pDk e/ 21-22 ;kb dh T[ w o ftZ u T[ B Q K dh Fkdh eo fdZ s h ikDh ukjhdh j? . 25 iK 30
;kb sZ e T[ B Q K tZ b fXnkB Bk d/ D k f;tkJ/ nkgD/ g? o K #s/ e[ j kVk wkoB d/ j' o e[ Z M BjhI
j? . fco ftjbk wB F? s kB dk xo j[ z d k j? .
2H fijV/ pZ u / nkgDk uz r k GftZ y pDkT[ D bJh T[ u / o h f;Z f ynk b? I d/ jB, T[ B Q K dh Fkdh e[ Z M
fBFfus ;w/ I bJh nZ r / gkJh ik ;edh j? .
3H ftnkj d/ d' ;kb fgZ S ' I sZ e , gfjb/ pZ u / dk iBw }o{ o j' ikDk ukjhdk j? .
4H pZ f unK dofwnkB iBw nz s o th tZ X s' I tZ X d' ;kb dk jh j' D k ukjhdk j? . fJ; io{ o h
nz s o ~ B}o nz d ki eoB tkb/ i' f VnK ~ fgZ S ' I gSskT[ D k jh g? I dk j? .
5H nkgD/ pZ f unK ~ gfotkoe o{ g ftZ u ;Ekfgs eoB dh :' i Bk fpp/ e p[ Z X h dh tos' I eoe/
B/ g o/ ukVQ B h ukjhdh j? , Bk fe okw Go' ; / iK n? e ;hv? I Nb.
fi; pZ u / B/ nZ i iBw fbnk j? , T[ ; B/ 30 e[ ;kb sZ e jh nkgDk GftZ y xVBk j? ns/ fgZ S ' I d/
30 ;kb T[ ; B/ nkgDh nrbh tz F bJh ez w eod/ j' J / nkgD/ p[ Y / g / ~ pshs eoB fgZ S ' I ;z ; ko s' I
s[ o B bJh fsnko ofjDk j? . nZ i eZ b Q d/ iwkB/ ftZ u 60 ;kb dh T[ w o fgZ S ' I fijV/ ;kb f}z d k ofjD
bJh fwbd/ jB, T[ ; ~ sK p' B ; ;wfMnk iKdk j? .
s[ j kvh ;[ u Z i h gfotkoe :' i Bk Bkb e/ t b s[ j kvk nkgDk GftZ y jh BjhI i[ f Vnk j' f Jnk. fJ;
Bkb f;Z y e" w dk GftZ y th i[ f Vnk j' f Jnk j? .
rohp wkg/ nkgD/ pZ f unK d/ ;jko/ Bkb jh y[ F jkb j' ;ed/ jB go fijV/ pZ u / 40-40 ;kb
d/ j' e/ th nkgD/ wkfgnK d/ ;jko/ d/ w[ E ki ofj iKd/ jB, T[ j Bk nkg y[ F jkb j' ;ed/ jB, Bk
T[ B Q K d/ wkg/ . nkgD/ gfotko ~ rfms eoB d/ rbs s/ p/ Y z r / o[ M kB ekoB wkg/ th wz d jkbh ftZ u
ihtB p;o eod/ jB ns/ n" b kd th. fJj f;bf;bk nrKj T[ d ' I sZ e ubdk ofjz d k j? , id' I sZ e e' J h
i' V k nkgDh gfotkoe :' i Bk ~ mhe BjhI eodk.
fJ; uouk dk T[d/F L
fJ; ;koh ftuko-uouk dk fJe' fJe we;d, e"wh GbkJh ~ :ehBh pDkT[Dk j? sK fe r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih
tZb'I brkJh rJh f;Zy c[btkVh, jw/FK gqc[Zbs ofj e/ wkBtsk d/ efbnkD bJh ;/tk ekoiK ftu ;orow oj/.
so;/w f;zx
u/now?B, Xow gquko ew/Nh
fdZbh f;Zy r[od[nkok gOpzXe ew/Nh