1

r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih

(;zy/g ihtB s/ ;zrokw)

b/ye L so;/w f;zx

u/now?B, Xow gOuko ew/Nh
fdZbh f;Zy r[od[nkok gOpzXe ew/Nh

gfjbh tko L i[bkJh 2005 - 10,000 ekghnK

d{ih tko L i{B 2006 - 05,000 ekghnK

G/Nk ofjs

gOekFe L
Xow gOuko ew/Nh
fdZbh f;Zy r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nh
r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx GtB,
r[od[nkok oekp rzi ;kfjp,
BthI fdZbh-110001H
\'B L 30964039, 30964040, 30964041
23737328, 23737329
\?e; L 23317511
 2

;wogD
T[BQK
s/rK dh XkoK ~
fijVhnK
e"wh ;BwkB pukT[D d/
ezw nkJhnK.
 3

G{fwek
gfjb/ gksFkj tZb'I T[bhe/ rJ/ e"wh T[;koh d/ gq'rokwK ftu r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih d/ ;w/I, gzuw
gksFkj ;kfjp ;qh r[o{ noiB ;kfjp ih dh Fjkds fJe n?;k gVk pD rJh, fiE'I ;ko/ jkbks ~ goy e/ jh
nZr/ ubDk }o{oh pD frnk ;h. j[D sZe sK nepo dh Xkofwe ;fjBFhbsk tkbh Bhsh th f;Zyh d/ ftek;
bJh pj[s ekoro f;ZX j' ojh ;h.
go nepo s'I fgZS'I j[D ijKrho B/ nkgDh Xkofwe Bhsh ~ fpbe[b jh pdb fdZsk, fi; eoe/ r[o{
jfor'fpzzd ;kfjp bJh th }o{oh pD frnk fe T[j jkbks dh rzGhosk ~ gSkDd/ j'J/, f;Zy fto;/ dh ;zGkb
ns/ ftukoXkok d/ tjkU ~ nZr/ s'oB bJh nkgD/ ;kXBk ftu b'VhIdh spdhbh eo b?Id/ fi; Bkb Bt/I
nB[:kJhnK d/ fdbK ftu ;t?-ftFtk; dh xkN g?dk Bk j[zdh.
fJ;/ :sB ftu r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih B/ nkgD/ fgsk ih dh Fjhdh fgZS'I r[orZdh ;zGkbD dhnK
o;wK }kfjok s"o #s/, T[^u/ EVQ/ T[^s/ f;zxk;B brk e/ d' feqgkBK XkoB eoe/ ehshnK.
fJj feqgkBK T[; ;w/I fiZE/ f;Zy irs d/ wBK ftu nksw ftFtk; ns/ T[sFkj GoB bJh }o{oh ;B,
T[^E/ tes dh je{ws ~ fJj frnkB eotkT[D bJh th }o{oh ;B fe fijVh ikfrqsh, b'e GbkJh bJh j[D sZe
nwB g{ote c?bdh nkJh j?, T[; ~ fe;/ Fesh Bkb dpkfJnk BjhI ik ;edk ns/ fJj rZb j[D je{ws T[^s/
jh fBoGo eodh j? fe T[; B/ nZXh ;dh s'I ub ojh Bhsh ~ jh nZr/ s'oBk j? iK BthI ngBkJh Bhsh d/ e[M
j'o s}op/ eoe/ t/yD/ jB. ;oeko uzrh soQK ;wM bt/ fe b'e GbkJh d/ gfjo/dko sK jw/FK ;w/I d/ nB[;ko
jh ubD bJh w}p{o j[zd/ jB.
;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp dh T[;koh, b'jrVQ dk febQk, \"ih Gosh, x'V/ s/ jfEnkoK s'I fJbktk EK-EK #s/
T[sFkj bJh gquko eoB s'I S[ZN e[dosh nkcsK s'I gqGkts j'J/ b'eK dh jZEhI ;/tk eoBk jh n?;/ w[Zy ekoB
pD/, fiBQK d/ gqGkt s'I vo e/ ijKrho B/ r[o{ ih ~ frq\sko eoe/ rtkbhno d/ febQ/ ftu bzw/ ;w/I bJh
B}opzd eo fdZsk. ;oeko dh fJj ekotkJh T[; ~ y[Zd bJh wfjzrh gJh feT[Ife frq\skoh eoe/ jo f;Zy B/
nkgD/ nkg ~ r[o{ dk B[wkfJzdk ;wM e/ r?ojk}oh ftu }o{oh \o} fBGkJ/.
fJj wzBDk g?Idk j? fe r[o{ ih dk e'Jh th c?;bk je{ws ~ B[e;kB gj[zukT[D bJh BjhI ;h T[bhfenk
frnk pbfe jo c?;bk e"wh pukn ns/ ftek; dhnK bhjK T[s/ ubD bJh }o{oh ;h.
r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih d/ fJ; ;zy/g ihtB ftu, iBw ;w/I dhnK e[M xNBktK d/ Bkb-Bkb eqKshekoh
c?;b/ ns/ T[; s'I gJ/ gqGktK dh fJe S'Nh fijh Mbe dk B}kok g/F eoB dk fJj fBwkDk fijk T[^dw j?. w/ok
ftFtk; j? fe gkme iB th }o{o fJ; ~ gVQ e/ r[o{ fgnko dk fJe j[bkok b?Dr/.
r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dk ihtB fpqsKs fbyfdnK j'fJnK dk; e'b'I pj[s ;kohnK T{DskJhnK th ofj
rJhnK j'DrhnK. ftdtkB ;ZiDK d/ uoBK gk; w/oh ;fBwo p/Bsh j? fe nkgD/ tZvw[Zb/ ;[Mkn }o{o d/D dh
feqgkbsk eoB sK fe GftZy ftu T[BQK s'I bkG T[mkfJnk ik ;e/.

r[o{ gzE dk dk; L

so;/w f;zx (;kfjp g[ok)
vpfb:{ i?v-101 ;h, rbh BzH 18
;zsrVQ, BthI fdZbh-110018
 4

ro{ jfo
r[ or'fpz
fpd ;kfj
fjp ih
;zy/g ihhtB s/ ;zrokw
r
r[o{ ih dk
d iBw L
(r[o{
o{) jfor'fpzd ih dk iBw r[o{ noiB ;kfjp
;
ih d/ xoo wksk rzrk ihi dh r'd ft
tu 19 i{B 1595
1
Jh;th ~,, fgzv r[o{ eh tvkbh ftuu j'fJnk. r[o{
o eh
tvkbh, f}bQ
f k nzfwqs;o ; (gzikp) ftu j?. (r[ ( o{)
jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih d/ iBw dh y[FhF ftu gzit/I r[o{
ih B/ tvvkbh s'I fJe Je \obKr d{o fJe tZvk y{j
brtkfJnnk. fJ; y{j ftu fJe' ;w/ ; I, S/-joN
N ub
;ed/ ;B.

S/-joNk
j y{j pDD ikD Bkb nk;-gk;
n y/sh
s dh
f;zikJh eoB
e dk pj[s ;[Zy j' frn nk. T[; ;w/I y/
ysh-
pkVh pkoF F d/ gkDh iKK y{jK T[^go fBoGo eodhh ;h.
y{j brkT[TD/ pj[s g[zB-Xow dk ezw ;wfMnk iKd dk ;h.
S/-joNk y{yj bZrD Bkkb b'e y[Fjkkb j' rJ/ fe eT[Ife
c;b uzrh T[gikT[ g?dk j'D bZr gJhh ;h. rohp b'e sK
r[o{ noi iB ;kfjp ih d/ fJ; T[^dw d s'I pj[s gq;zB
j'J/. T[j r[o{ ih s'I e[opkB j'-j' iKd/
i ;B. nko ofEe
jkbs uzrh
rh j' ikD eoe/e/ j[D T[BQK d/ fujfonK #s/ o"De
d/yh ik ;eedh ;h.

nZi eZb S/-joNNk nzfwqs;o dkd w[Zy e;pk j?. fJZE/ fJe
e tZvk p}ko j?, fi; ftu jw/
j FK ufjb-gfjb
bZrh ofjzdh
d j?. fJE/ obt/
o/b ;N/FB Gh j?. S/-joN Nk y{j ~ :kdr rko ti'I ;zGkb
b e/ oZfynk frnk
f j?. fJE/
E/ fJe
;[zdo r[od[nkok pfDnkk j'fJnk j?. jo
j ;w/I ;zrsK
s d{o-d[okv/ s'I doFB eoB B bJh nkT[IdhnK
d ofjzdhnKK jB.
jo ;w/I nkJ/
n rJ/ :kso{o{nK ~ w[cs fojkfJF
f ns/ r[o{ ek bzro fgnko Bkb SekfJnk iKd dk j?. fJE/ jo
o ;kb
p;zs-gzuwh
w dk w/bk th brdk j?.

r[o{ ih #s
s/ wko{ jwb/
b/ L
r[o{ noiB ;kfj jp ih fszB Go ok ;B. pkpk fgqEh uzd, pkkpk wjKd/t s/ ;qh r[o{ noi
iB ;kfjp ih nkg.
fszBK GokttK ftu'I pkpk fgqEh uzd ihh pj[s j[fFnkko s/ s/} so
oko ;[Gkn tkb/b/ ;B. pkpk wjKd/
w t ih jo o ;w/I
wZ;s fij/
j jh ofjzd/ ;B B. fJBQK ~ fee;/ d[Bhnkth ezw-XzX/ pko/ e'Jh ftF/F o[uh BjhI ;h. r[o{ noiB ;kfjp
;
ih pj[s f;nkD/
f; , rzGho ;[Gkn tkb/, d{do nzd/F, Xho
oitkB s/ nkggD/ wksk fgskk d/ nkfrnkeekoh ;B.

26 ;kb dh T[wo ftu fJBQK dh Fkdh 1589 Jh;th ~ (w wksk) rzrk ih Bkb j'Jh. r[o{
o{ noiB ;kfj
jp ih
T[go r[orZ
rdh dhnK Gko
oh f}zw/tkohn
nK s'I fJbktk ;qh dopko ;kfjp
;k dh w[Zy fpbfvzzr pDk
DkT[D ns/ nzfwq
ws;o
 5

Ffjo t;kT[D dh tZvh f}zw/tkoh th ;h. fJBQK f}zw/tkohnK s'I fJbktk j'o th eJh n?;/ ekoi ;B, fiBQK ~
B/go/ ukVQB bJh fdB-oks ;orow ofjDk g?Idk ;h.

r[o{ noiB ;kfjp ih dh Fkdh j'fJnK 6 ;kb j' rJ/ ;B. ni/ sZe fJBQK d/ xo e'Jh n"bkd Bk
j'Jh.r[o{ ih dk tZvk Gok fgqEh uzd r[orZdh Bk fwbD eoe/ gfjbK jh pj[s Jhoyk eodk ;h. eJh tko fJ;
soQK dhnK ;kiFK oudk, fi; Bkb gzuw gksFkj ~ eJh gq/FkBhnK dk ;kjwDk eoBk g?Idk. T[j nkgD/ tZv/
Gok dhnK f}nkdshnK ~ Xhoi Bkb podkFs eod/ ns/ ed/ th nkgDk ;fji Bk rtkT[Id/.

fgqEh uzd fJj ;kohnK joesK r[orZdh y'j b?D tk;s/ jh eodk ;h, go T[; dk e'Jh ukok Bk ubdk.
ed/-ed/ T[j fJj ;'u e/ nkgD/ fdB ~ s;Zbh d/ b?Idk fe ub' r[o{ noiB ih d/ xo e'Jh n"bkd g?dk BjhI
j'Jh. fJ; bJh r[orZdh dk nrbk tko; T[;dk g[Zso jh pD/rk.

tkfjr[o{ d/ ozr pj[s fBnko/ jB. j[D id'I fgqEh uzd B/ ;[fDnk fe r[o{ noiB ih d/ xo pkbe B/ iBw
b? fbnk j? sK ;V-pb e/ e'b/ j' frnk. r[orZdh dk wkbe pDB dhnK T[; dhnK nk;K-T[wzrK s/ tkfjr[o{ B/
gkDh c/o fdZsk. eJh fdB r[zw-;[zw j'fJnk ;'udk fojk fe pj[s wkVk j'fJnk j?. r[o{ noiB ;kfjp ih d/ xo
g[Zso BjhI ;h j'Dk ukjhdk.

j[D fgqEh uzd B/ nkgDh gsBh Bkb fwb e/ ;kiFK ouDhnK F[o{ eo fdZshnK. T[j jo ehws #s/ r[o{
noiB ;kfjp ih d/ fJeb"s/ g[Zso ~ ikB'I wko d/Dk ukj[zdk ;h sK fe T[;dk g[Zso jh eZb ~ r[orZdh dk wkbe
pD ;e/. gsh-gsBh d'jK B/ fwb e/ fJe ;kfi} ouh.

Gkoh bkbu d/ e/, fJe dkJh ~ fsnko ehsk frnk fe T[j nkgDh Sksh #s/ }fjo brk e/, fgzv tvkbh
ftu ikt/ ns/ w"ek fwbD #s/ pkbe jfor'fpzd ~ nkgDk d[ZX u[zxkt/. fJj dkJh nkgDh Sksh #s/ }fjo brk e/
tvkbh gj[zu rJh, go nkg jh }fjo d/ n;o Bkb wo rJh. fJj dkJh wodh j'Jh d; rJh fe fgqEh uzd d/
efjD #s/ jh T[j bkbu ftu pkbe jfor'fpzd ~ wkoB bJh nkJh ;h. b'eK ftu o"bk g? frnk. fJ; Bkb
fgqEh uzd dh pj[s jh pdBkwh j'Jh.

e[M ;w/I fgZS'I fJ; B/ fJe ;g/o/ ~ bkbu d/ e/ yohd fbnk. ;g/o/ ~ fejk frnk fe T[j e'Jh }fjohbk
;Zg, pkb jfor'fpzd ih d/ ;"D tkb/ ewo/ ftu SZv d/t/. okshI ;Zg d/ vzr Bkb pkb jfor'fpzd ]sw j' ikt/rk.
pkb jfor'fpzd ih T[^go j'J/ gfjb/ jwb/ fgZS'I f;Zy ;/te j[D jo ;w/I pkb r[o{ dh fj\k}s gqsh u"ezB/
ofjD bZr gJ/. oks g?D #s/ id T[BQK B/ ewo/ dh uzrh soQK d/yGkb ehsh sK nzdo fJe }fjohbk ;Zg gkfJnk
frnk. T[; ;w/I ;/tkdkoK B/ ;Zg ~ wko fdZsk. j'o ;ktXkBh tosd/ j'J/ pkb jfor'fpzd ih s/ wksk rzrk ih ~
d{;o/ ewo/ ftu oks nkokw eoB bJh p/Bsh ehsh rJh.

fJj' fijhnK fxBkT[DhnK joesK eoe/ fgqEh uzd nk;-gk; d/ fJbke/ ftu pj[s pdBkw j' frnk. f;Zy
;zrsK T[;d/ wZE/ bZrDk th p[ok ;wMdhnK ;B. nkw b'e fJe d{;o/ Bkb rZbK eod/ j'J/ efjzd/ ;B fe J/Bh
d/o fgZS'I i/ r[o{ noiB ;kfjp ih d/ xo tkfjr[o{ B/ g[Zso dh dks fdZsh j? sK fgqEh uzd T[; ~ wkoB s/ jh
s[Zfbnk j'fJnk j?.

e[M ;w/I fgZS'I fgqEh uzd d/ ;zgoe ftZu fJZe bkbuh pqkjwD nk frnk. fJj pqkjwD (r[o{) jfor'fpzd
ih ~ fyvkfJnk eodk ;h. fgqEh uzd B/ T[; ~ u'yh oew fdZsh fe T[j pkb jfor'fpzd ~ ysw eoB bJh djhI ftZu
}fjo fwbk e/ y[nk d/t/. T[; pqkjwD B/ djhI ftZu }fjo fwbkfJnk ns/ r[o{ pkb ~ fyvkT[D d/ pjkB/ fJZe gk;/
 6

b? frnk. id'I T[j }fj

jo fwfbnk dj jhI ipod;sh pkb jfor'fpzd ih ~ y[tkT[ kTD dh e'fFF F eoB bZrk sK s pkb
jfor'fpzd ih T[^uh-T[^uh
u o'D bZr gJ/
J/. r[o{ pkbe e/ o'D dh ntki
i ;[D e/ wksk rrk
rzr ih s/ e[M ;/te
t d"V e/ pqkjw
wD e'b
nk rJ/.

pqkjwD
j B/ ubkeh eh Bkb djhI tkbk
t posB fJZ
f e gk;/ oZy fdZsk ns/ pkbep ~ b'ohn
nK d/D bZr fgnk.
f
nukBe fJ JZe e[Zs/ B/ id'
d'I T[; djhI tkb/
t posB ftZ tuu w{zj gkfJn nk sK T[j ;kfo
onK d/ ;kjwD/D/ jh sVc-sVsVc e/
wo frnk.. pqkjwD fyv vkt/ dk gki yb
y[Zb frnk. id'I r[o{ ih d/ ;/teK
t B/ pqkjwDD e'b'I ;ysh Bkb g[S-frS S ehsh
sK ibdh jhj T[; B/ ;Zu ;Zu d;fdnKK fejk,`w?I gkkgh jK, bkbu ftZu nk e/ fgq fgEh uzd d/ efjD
ef s/ fJj e[eow
ehsk j?.##

wks
sk rzrk ih d/ j[ew s/ T[; pq
pkjwD ~ T[E'
E'I eZY fdZsk frnk.
fr go nrrb/ jh fdB T[j rw, fBw'Fh
F ns/
n;cbsk ekoB phwko j' frnk. fJj j Bhu pqkjwD
D ;{b g?D eoe/ e/ T[;/ fdB jhh wo frnk.

gzuw
uw gksFkj r[o{
o noiB ;kfj
fjp ih B/ fJ; fJ fJZe Fpd T[ukoB ehsk fijVk ;qh r[o{
; xNBk gqEkfJ o rqzE
;kfjp ftZu doi ehsk frnk.

lypu n lwgo iql kw mUil ] dustu bRwhm

mxu mUAw hoie kY sUl ]
(AMk 1137)

bkj"o ftZ
tZu fGnkBe phwkoh c?b rJh L
159
99 Jh;th ftZf u bkj"o fBtk;hnK T[s/ Gkoh
w[;hps nkJh.
n nk;-ggk; ;ko/ fJb
bke/ ftZu w";wh
w p[yko
(;hsbk) dk pj[s i'o g? frnk. rohp
r b'e fJ
Jbki Bk
eotk ;eeD eoe/ XV Vk-XV woB bZbr gJ/. ;kko/ bkj"o
Ffjo ftZu jk jk-eko wZ
wu rJh.

fJ;
; e[dosh nkccs ;w/I ;oekko B/ e'Jh yk;
; o[uh Bk
fdykJh. iB-;XkoB
i d/ fJbki bJhh :'r gqpzX BjhI
B ;h.
;oekoh dtkykB/
d f;occ e[ZM-e{ nwhho b'eK d/ jhh ezw nk
oj/ ;B. rohp
r b'eK d/ wko/ ikD dk fe;/ ~ e'Jh d[Zy BjhI
;h.

bkj"
j"o ftZu rohp pK dh j' ojh d[odFk dh yp
po nzfwqs;o fty/
f gzit/I r[o{
o{ ih ~ fwbh. T[BQK e'b'I fo
ojk Bk
frnk. T[;/
;/ ;w/I, r[o{ xo
x d/ jehwK ~ bkj"o ftZu c?bh phwkoh oh dk w[ekpbkk eoB bJh fsnko
f j' ikD D bJh
fejk frnnk. ehwsh dt tkJhnK, phwkooK bJh okFB s/ g?;/ b? e/ gzuw gksFkj j S/sh jh nkkgD/ g{o/ gfot tko s/
f;Zy ;/teK
e ;w/s bkj"o gj[zu rJ/.

fJE/ B ;kfonK B/ phwkoh Bkb sVc

E/ nk e/ T[jBK s oj/ b'eK
e ~ j"I;bk fd
dZsk. jehwK B/ phwkoK ~ dtkJh
d
d/DhI nkozG eo fdZsh. f;Zy ;/te bVb' nB[;ko TjBK
T[ ~ ykD bJh
b G'iB nkffde d/Id/. nDDfrDs b'e fJbki
f
eoe/ pukk bJ/ rJ/. woo u[Ze/ b'eK d
d/ ;;eko dk gqpzX ehsk fr
rnk feT[Ife eJh
e rbhnK pikoK
p ftZu w[ofdnK
o
dhnK bkF FK ;V ojhnK ;B. f;Zy ;/teK B/ bkFK ~ u[ekfJnk ns/ T[jBK dhnK d nzsw o;wK,
o ;pzfXs
s Xow
 7

nB[;ko fBGk fdZshnK. gzuw gksFkj nkgD/ gfotko ;w/s fJE/ fJZe ;kb d/ eohp oj/ ns/ phwkoh dk i'o
jND s/ jh tkg; w[V/.

(r[o{) pkb jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih th rohp phwko b'eK dh ;/tk eoB tkb/ ekcb/ Bkb jh ;B. fJj th j'o
;/teK tKr nkgD/ wksk ih Bkb ;/tk ftZu i[N/ oj/. fJj (r[o{) pkbe d"V-d"V e/ gkDh nkfd fbnk e/, wo oj/ b'eK d/
w{zj ftZu gkT[Id/. nkgD/ BzBQ/-BzBQ/ jZEK Bkb dtkJhnK tzvd/ ns/ phwkoK dh w[Zmh ukgh th eod/. fJ; soQK fJZe
;kb dk fJj fGnkBe ;wK rohpK dh ;/tk eofdnK pshs j' frnk.

n;bh ;oeko, r[o{ xo L

(r[o{) jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih, r[o{ fgsk, wksk s/ f;Zy ;/teK B/ fijVh fBFekw ;/tk bkj"o fBtk;hnK dh
ehsh, T[; Bkb r[o{ xo dk iZ; pj[s tZX frnk. b'eK dhnK gq/FkBhnK d{o eoB bJh fi; soQK r[o{ gfotko
;/tk ekoiK ftZu i[ZfNnk fojk, T[; ~ ed/ th G[bkfJnk BjhI ;h ik ;edk. bkj"o fBtk;hnK bJh fdZbh dopko
dh pkdFkjs dk j[D e'Jh wjZst BjhI ;h ofj frnk. T[jBK bJh r[o{ ;kfjp jh n;bh gksFkj ;B ns/ T[BQK
~ T[;/ soQK dk jh nkdo ;fseko fwb fojk ;h.

(r[o{) jfor'fpzd ih ~ th ;hsbk L

r[o{ gfotko fJZe ;kb brksko bkj"o ftZu phwko b'eK dh ;/tk eoB fgZS'I id ;qh nzfwqs;o tkg;
gj[zfunk sK fJZE/ e[ZM fdBK fgZS'I jfor'fpzd ih ~ S{s dh phwkoh (;hsbk) j' rJh. phwkoh dk jwbk fJZe dw
pj[s s/i j'fJnk. r[o{ fgsk ih d/ j[ew Bkb jehwK B/ s[ozs fJbki eoBk nkozG eo fdZsk. jehw brksko
jfor'fpzd ih dh f;js s/ ;ys Bio oZy/ j'J/ ;B. jehwK B/ r[o{ fgsk ih ~ dZf;nk e[ZM fdB ;ktXkBh Bkb
fJbki eoB dh io{os j?. phwkoh ekp{ j/m j?.

nzfwqs;o ftZu ofj oj/ eJh d/th wksk d/ Grs-iB gzuw gksFkj gk; nkJ/ ns/ efjD bZr/ fe pkb
jfor'fpzd ih ~ wksk fBeb nkJh j?. i/ s[;hI nkfrnk d/t' sK n;hI fJBQK ~ d/th wksk d/ ;hsbk wzdo ftZu
wZEk fNek fbnkT[Id/ jK. d/th wksk Gbh eo/rh.

gzuw gksFkj ih B/ ;wMkfJnk fe fJj wksk BjhI, fJZe fGnkBe S{s dh phwkoh j?. fe;/ th phwkoh
dh g{ik eoB Bkb o'rh mhe BjhI j' ;edk. s[jkv/ tor/ eJh tfjwh b'eK eoe/ jh bkj"o ftZu j}koK b'e
fpBK fJbki s'I wo rJ/ ;B. s[jk~ ni/ th fJ; rZb dh ;wM BjhI nkJh fe fJj phwkoh j?, e'Jh d/th wksk
BjhI. T[j tfjwh b'e (r[o{) fgsk ih e'b'I wkch wzr e/ tkg; nkgD/ xoK ~ ub/ rJ/. e[ZM fdBK d/ uzr/ fJbki fgZS'I,
pkb jfor'fpzd ih g{oh soQK szdo[;s j' rJ/. r[o{ noiB ;kfjp ih B/ tkfjr[o{ dk fJjBK FpdK Bkb F[eokBk ehsk
L
gauVI mhlw 5 ]
nyqR pRgwsu kIAw gurdyv ] Brm gey pUrn BeI syv ] 1 ]rhwau]
sIqlw qy riKAw ibhwrI ] pwrbRhm pRB ikrpw DwrI ] 1 ]
nwnk nwmu jpY so jIvY ] swDsMig hir AMimRqu pIvY ]2]103]172]
(AMk 200)
soriT mhlw 5 ]
sdw sdw hir jwpy ] pRB bwlk rwKy Awpy ]
sIqlw Twik rhweI ] ibGn gey hir nweI ] 1 ]
 8

myrw pRBu hoAw

A sdw dieAwAwlw ]
Ardwis suxI xI Bgq Apuny kI sB jIA BieAw ikrp pwlw ]rhwau]
pRB krx kwwrx smrwQw ] hir ismrq q sBu duKu lwQ
Qw ]
Apxy dws kI k suxI bynMqI ] sB nwnk
k suiK svMqI]22]11]75] (AMk 627)

ftZfdnk L (1600 JhH)

Jh
(r[o{
o{) jfor'fpzd ih ~ ftZfdn
nk d/D dh ;kohh i[zw/tkoh pkppk p[ZYk ih ~ ;"Igh rJh. fJj
j pj[s jh ft
tFtk;
:'r, gqhst
tkB s/ frnkB BtkB ftneshh ;B. pkpk p[ZYk ih B/ r[o{ o{ pkbe jfor' r'fpzd ih ~ gqubs GkFk frnkB
fr
d/Dk nkozG eo fdZsk. S/sh jh jffor'fpzd ih r[ow[yh ftfd dnk ftZu g{ohoh soQK fBg[zB j' rJ/. r[opkDh
o
ftukoXkok
ok d/ Bkb-Bkb r[o{ BkBe ;kkfjp ih s'I fgZ
gZS'I d/ ;ko/ r[o{
o{nK dk ihtB th fJBQK ~ uzrh soQK ;wM
Mk-gVQk
fdZsk frn
nk. Xow doF FB dh v{zxh ikkDekoh (r[o{) jfor'fpzd ih ~ gqkgs j' rJh ;h. oki iBhfse, ;wkfi
fie s/
nkofEe gfjb{
g nK s/ thh poheh Bkb pkpkp p[ZYk ih B/ B ikDekoh fdZ dZsh.

r[o{ ih dh
d ftF/F o[uh
u L
pkp
pk p[ZYk ih id'
dI fJBQK ~ ftZfdnk
fd d/D dh nkgDh
n i[zw/tkoh
oh fBGk oj/ ;B
B sK T[jBK B/ pkb jfor'fpz pd ih
dh gqrN j' ojh ;{ophoo :'fXnK tkbhh o[uh ~ wfj;{
;{; ehsk. jo o'i pkbe gV VQkJh s'I ftjb/
b/ j' e/ nkgDhh T[wo
d/ ;kEhnKK Bkb e[Fsh bVd/, epZvh y/vd/, s/i d"dV brkT[Id/ ns/ pV/ F"Ie Bkb bkmh nkfde ubkT[ T[D dk
nfGnk; tht eod/.

pkp
pk p[ZYk ih T[^u nksfwe nt;Ek
n ns/ nB[
n Gth frnkB B d/ wkbe ;B B. pkb jfor' r'fpzd ih dh :'fXnK
tkbh fJ; o[uh dk T[BQK B/ uzrh soQK ftFb/
f FD eo fbnk. T[jBKK B/ fJ; dh g{oh g{oh ikDe ekoh r[o{ gfot
tko ~
d/ fdZsh fe pkbe jfo or'fpzd nzdo pjkdoK tkbh bh o[uh pj[s s/ih Bkb tZX ojh j?. fg gsk (gzit/I r[o{
o{) ih
nkgD/ ;g[g[Zso pko/ pkp
pk p[ZYk ih e'b'
b'I fJj ;wkukko ;[D e/ pj[
j[s y[F j'J/. r[o{ ih B/ pu
uB ehsk fe nekb
n
g[oy B/ skes
sk dh rbs tos'I eoB tkfbnK
t ~ o'eD
eD bJh jh fJjjBK ~ ;z;ko s/ G/fink j?.

F;so ft
tZfdnk dk gqpzX L (160
03 JhH)

pkbb jfor'fpzd ;kfjp

; ih ~ w[Ybh F;so
ftZfdnk sKs pkpk p[ZYk ih
i B/ jh fdZsh ;h go gZe/
s"o s/ :[ZX ebk f;ykT[D dh i[zw/tkoh fgsk (gzit/I
r[o{) ih B/ GkJh r[odk;d ih dh brkJh.
b GkJh
r[odk; ih T[; ;w/I dhh gqubs :[ZX ebk s/ Bhsh
d/ wkjo ti't I ikD/ iKd/
d ;B. GkJh r[odk; ih B/
g{oh brB B Bkb (r[o{) jfor'fpzd ihh dh fsnkoh
eotkT[Dh nkozG eo fdZsh. T[j fwE/ f ;w/I d/
nzdo ofj j e/ eoV/ nfGnk;
n fgZS'I x'V ;tkoh,
sbtkopki ih, sho-nzdkiih ns/ fpBK jfEnko s'I
d[FwD s/ ekp{ gkT[D dhh ebk ftZu go ogZe j' rJ/.
 9

fgsk ih dh Fjhdh L
(r[o{) jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih d/ fgsk (gzit/I r[o{) ih B/ r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih d/ w[Yb/ n;{bK dk gquko
fJ; Yzr Bkb ehsk fe pj[s ;ko/ w[;bwkB th f;Zy Xow ftZu Fkwb j'D bZr gJ/. yk; eoe/ ;yh ;otohJ/
sK XVk-XV f;Zy ;i oj/ ;B.

f;Zy Xow dh o{g o/yk j'o XowK d/ w[ekpb/ s/ pj[s jh f;ZXh ;kdh ns/ fdb ~ fyZu gkT[D tkbh ;h.
fJZe gqG{ ftZu ftFtk; oZyD d/ Bkb-Bkb g{oh wkBt iksh bJh Goksoh Gkt s/ fBFekw ;/tk GktBk okjhI b'e
GbkJh d/ ekoi eoBk f;Zy Xow d/ w[Zy nzrK ftZu'I ftF/F jB.

gzit/I r[o{ ih 1599 JhH ~ bkj"o Ffjo ns/ nk;-gk; d/ fJbkfenK ftZu c?bh fGnkBe phwkoh ;w/I
nkgD/ nwbh ihtB Bkb ;/tk okjhI b'eK d/ fdb fiZs u[Ze/ ;B.

T[; ;w/I oki eo oj/ b'e fJ;bkw Xow Bkb ;zpzX oZyd/ ;B. p/FZe nepo pkdFkj y[Zb/ ;[Gk dk wkbe
;h, go eZNV fJ;bkwh szr fdb nkr{ r[o{ BkBe dh rZdh ~ nkgD/ wZs bJh ysok ;wMd/ ;B. pj[s ;ko/
w[ZbK s/ w"bkD/ nepo s'I pj[s d[yh ;B ns/ ukj[zd/ ;B fe nepo dk oki-Gkr ijKrho ;zGkb bt/. T[jBK ~
gZeh nk; ;h fe fJj fJ;bkw d/ tkX/ bJh T[jBK dhnK o[uhnK w[skfpe uZb/rk (don;b fJ; ;w/I ijKrho B/
jo soQK dhnK FeshnK ~ nkgD/ jZe ftZu eoB bJh Gkosh gqubs Bhsh, Fkw dkw, dzv G/d ~ tosD dh
w[jkos dk e[Fbsk Bkb w[}kjok ehsk)

t?;/, ijKrho ~ oki;h skes dh pj[s G[Zy ;h ns/ fJ;/ bJh T[j s]s jk;b eoB bJh nzdo'I-nzdo
eJh ;kiFK ou fojk ;h. T[; B/ bkbu d/ e/ nepo d/ eJh wjZstg{oB nfXekoh nkgD/ Bkb i'V bJ/ ;B.
eZNV fJ;bkwh nkr{nK ~ Go';k fdZsk frnk fe s]s jk;b eoe/ T[j oki;h Fesh Bkb fJ;bkw dk gquko
eo/rk.

fJj Go';k BeFpzdh bfjo d/ Gkos ftub/ w[Zyh F/y nfjwd ;ojzdh (gzikp) dhnK ;orowhnK dk
Bshik ;h. T[j nepo dh w"s dh ypo ;[DB bJh pj[s T[sktbk ;h. F/y nfjwd ;ojzdh B/ w[os}k ykB
okjhI nkgD/ ;zpzX fdZbh dopko Bkb pj[s gZe/ pDk bJ/ j'J/ ;B. w[os}k ykB dk n;bh Bkw
F/y cohd p[ykoh ;h ns/ fJj th BeFpzdh bfjo dk ;orow B/sk ns/ nepo dh ;?Bk ftZu T[^uh gdth s/
ezw eo fojk ;h.

nepo dh w"s 17 nes{po 1605 Jh;th ~ nkro/ ftZu j'Jh. nzdo yks/ gfjbK s'I ehs/ gqpzX w[skpe
oki s]s ijKrho d/ jh jZE nkfJnk. nkyoeko ijKrho tZb'I s]s gqkgsh bJh fuoK s'I ouhnK ikD tkbhnK
;kiFK ;cb j' rJhnK. fJ; ;w/I ijKrho dh T[wo 36 ;kbK dh ;h.

ijKrho d/ oki ;zGkbD fgZS'I T[; d/ nkgD/ g[Zso y[;o' B/ nkro/ s'I prkts eo fdZsh. ijKrho B/ T[;
~ skes Bkb ekp{ eoB dh e'fFF ehsh. go T[j 6 ngq?b 1606 JhH ~ gzikp tZb GZi fBefbnk. y[;o' B/
ftukfonk fe ub' i/ fdZbh s]s w/o/ jZE BjhI nkfJnk sK w?I bkj"o T[go nkgDk epik eo b?Idk jK.

y[;o' nkgD/ fjwkfJshnK ;w/s gzikp tZb nZr/ tfXnk. ijKrho ~ y[;o' d/ fJokfdnK dk gsk bZr
frnk ns/ T[; B/ nkg c"i dh nrtkJh eoe/ y[;o' ~ cVB d/ :sB ehs/. nZr/-nZr/ y[;o' nkgD/ fjwkfJshnK
 10

Bkb tkj'-dkjh bkj"o ~ ik fojk ;h. fgZS/-fgZS/ ijKrho y[d T[; ~ frqcsko eoe/ ;pe f;ykT[D bJh wko'-
wko eodk nk fojk ;h.

fdZbh s'I bkj"o sZe o;s/ ftZu i/ ijKrho ~ fes/ gsk brdk fe fe;/ B/ y[;o' dh e'Jh wdd ehsh j? sK
T[j T[; ~ Bkb'-Bkb ;ik d/Jh iKdk. fJ; soQK fijV/ okjhI y[;o' ns/ ijKrho dhnK c"iK fBebhnK, uko/ gk;/
spkjh wukT[IdhnK rJhnK.

y[;o' bkj"o sK gj[zu frnk go febQ/ #s/ ep}k Bk eo ;fenk feT[Ife ijKrho dk fJZe tckdko ioB?b
fijVk eZNV fJ;bkwh ;'u dk wkbe ;h, B/ y[;o' dh e'Jh g/F Bk ikD fdZsh. ijKrho th bkj"o B/V/ gj[zu
u[Zfenk ;h. fJj d/y e/ y[;o' T[E'I d"V e/ ekpb tZb ikDk ukj[zdk ;h. go T[; dh fe;ws yokp, T[j uBkp
dfonk gko eodk j'fJnk gefVnk frnk. fJ; ~ pzdh pDk e/ bkj"o fbnKdk frnk. 2 wJh 1606 JhH ~
ijKrho B/ y[;o' s/ T[; d/ jwkfJshnK ~ bkj"o ftZu esb eotk fdZsk.

j[D sZe r[o{ xo d/ d'yh v"o-G"o j'J/ oj/. fB;fus s"o #s/ fJj ftFtk; eoBk fe okiBhfse jkbks
;fEo j' rJ/ jB, pj[s w[Ffeb ;h. ;G ~ nkg' nkgDh ikB d/ bkb/ gJ/ j'J/ ;B. y[;o' dh w"s fgZS'I bkj"o
dopko ftubk f;Zy Xow fto'Xh spek, nkgDh g[ihFB gZeh eoB ftZu bZfrnk fojk. e[ZM fdBK fgZS'I T[jBK B/
fJZe M{mh fFekfJs fsnko ehsh fe gzit/I r[o{ B/ fpnk;k dfonk gko eoB ;w/I y[;o' dh wdd ehsh ;h. fJ;
bJh fJBQK ~ th }o{o ;ik d/Dh ukjhdh j?.

ijKrho }o{o ikDdk j't/rk fe fJj fFekfJs M{mh j?. go r[o{ BkBe dh rZdh ~ jw/Fk bJh pzd
eotkT[D dk fJeoko, T[j oki ;zGkbD s'I gfjbK jh eZNV fJ;bkwh, w[ZbK w"bkfDnK ns/ ftF/F eoe/ F/y
nfjwd ;ojzdh (gzikp) Bkb eo u[Zek ;h. fJ; bJh wzd GktBk Bkb T[; B/ gzit/I r[o{ ih ~ 25 wJh 1606
Jh;th ~ frqcsko eo fbnk.

bkj"o fty/ r[o{ ih ~ fGnkBe s;hj/ fdZs/ rJ/. uzd{ ysoh (bkj"o dopko dk fJZe efozdk) B/ ;oekoh
j[ew Bkb r[o{ ih ~ T[pbd/ j'J/ gkDh dh d/r ftZu fpmk fdZsk. fco sZsh sth T[go fpmk e/ T[go row-row
o/s gtkJh rJh. s;hfjnK dk fJj f;bf;bk e[ZM fdB ikoh fojk. nk]oeko r[o{ ih d/ fBYkb j'J/ ;oho ~
u[Ze e/ okth d/ mzv/ gkDh ftZu tjk fdZsk frnk. T[; fdB 30 wJh 1606 Jh;th ;h.

fJE/ ftuko tkbh rZb fJj j? fe y[;o' ns/ fijV/-fijV/ j'o jwkfJshnK B/ ijKrho fto[ZX prkts
ehsh, T[jBK ~ T[; soQK d/ y"cBke s;hj/ BjhI fdZs/ rJ/, fijV/ gzit/I r[o{ ih ~ fdZs/ rJ/.

;', g{o/ :ehB Bkb fejk ik ;edk j? fe gzuw r[o{ ih dh Fjkds fgZS/ j'o th eJh v{zx/ ekoB ;B, fiBQK
~ x'yD dh nZi th ;]s b'V Gk;dh j?. s[}fe ijKrhoh 1941 Jh;th s'I fgZS'I jh gqf;ZX j'Jh j?. fJ; ~
B}o nzdki th BjhI ehsk ik ;edk ns/ BK jh j'o sZE GkbD bJh T[^dw eoB ftZu ftdtkB y'ihnK ~ jZE s/
jZE oZy e/ jh p?mDk ukjhdk j?.

uko/ gk;/ jkjk-eko L

fi; soQK d/ fGnkBe s/ y"cBke s;hj/ (r[o{) jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih d/ fgsk (gzit/I r[o{) ih ~ fdZs/ rJ/,
T[; dh ypo id pkjo c?bh sK uko/ gk;/ jk-jk eko wZu rJh. b'eK d/ nzdo r[Z;/ d/ GKpV wZuD bZr gJ/. jo
Xow d/ nB[:kJhnK nzdo ijKrho d/ fybkc Bcos c?b rJh.
 11

bkj"o ftZu e/tb ;Zs ;kb gfjb/ jh gzuw gksFkj B/ nkgD/ g{o/ gfotko s/ f;Zy ;/teK ~ Bkb b? e/
fGnkBe e[dosh nkcs d/ w"e/ s/ fdB-oks fJZe eoe/ ehsh ;/tk ~ b'e ni/ G[Zb/ BjhI ;B. bkj"o fBtk;h
gzit/I r[o{ ih dh Fjhdh ekoB nzdo'I-nzdo GVe/ gJ/ ;B. wkMk, wkbtk ns/ d[nkpk ftZu ijKrho d/ fybkc
r[Z;/ s/ i'F dh bfjo uZb gJh. nDfrDs b'e ezweko SZv e/ je{ws fto[ZX e[ZM eoB d/ nkjo ftZu i[ZN gJ/.

j}os whnK who, fi; B/ r[o{ ih ~ Fjhd j'D s'I pukT[D bJh g{oh tkj brkJh ;h, nkgD/ ;/teK ;w/s
y{B d/ jzM{ tjk fojk ;h. T[; d/ pj[s ;ko/ ;/te sK woB-wkoB s/ T[sko{ ;B. fJj jios whnK who, T[j jh
;h fi; gk;'I gzit/I r[o{ ih B/ ;qh dopko ;kfjp nzfwqs;o dh BhIj oytkJh ;h.

jo/e r[o{ BkBe Bkw b/tk dhnK BioK ;qh nzfwqs;o tZb fNehnK j'JhnK ;B fe T[E'I eh j[ew ikoh j[zdk
j?. gzikp d/ uZg/-uZg/ dh ypo y[chnk ftGkr d/ eowukoh ;oeko ~ gj[zuk oj/ ;B fe jo Xow iks d/ b'e
pkdFkj fto[ZX r[Z;/ ftZu jB.

ijKrho B/ fJjBK ypoK dh o"FBh ftZu jh, j' ;edk j? gzit/I r[o{ ih d/ p/N/ jfor'fpzd ih ns/ wksk
rzrk ih ~ frqcsko eoB dh ekjbh Bk ehsh fe fes/ gfjbK jh r[Z;/ ftZu nkJ/ b'e prkts eoB s/ Bk T[so
nkT[D.

fJj rZb fXnkB d/D tkbh j? fe s[}fe ijKrhoh ftZu (r[o{) jfor'fpzd ih, wksk rzrk ih ;w/s ;koh
ikfJdkd ~ epi/ ftZu b?D d/ j[ew ikoh ehs/ rJ/ ;B. go gzit/I r[o{ ih dh frqcskoh ;w/I fJj f;gkjhnK d/ ekp{ Bk
nkJ/. fgZS'I jbks jh pdb rJ/ ns/ frqcskoh j[ewK s/ skwhb Bk j' ;eh.

ijKrho dh ;bkj s/ ;oekoh eowukohnK B/ (r[o{) jfor'fpzd ih ns/ wksk rzrk ih dh frqcskoh
nDfwE/ ;w/I bJh nZr/ gk fdZsh. p/FZe fJ; rZb dh gq"Vsk bJh j'o ;p{s fJeZm/ eoB dh }o{os j?. go i/
s[}fe ijKrhoh ~ j[pj{ ;Zuh wzB fbnk ikt/ sK fco T[go fpnkB ehs/ rJ/ ftuko s'I fpBK j'o e'Jh ekoB th
BjhI j' ;edk.

r[orZdh dh i[zw/tkoh L
gzit/I r[o{ ih nkgDh frqcskoh s'I gfjb/ w[yh f;Zy ;/teK ~ nrb/ r[o{ pko/ dZ; rJ/ ;B. bkj"o ftZu
id gzuw r[o{ ih Fjhd j' rJ/ sK ;qh dopko ;kfjp fty/ r[orZdh d/D dh o;w g{oh ehsh ikDh ;h. jfor'fpzd
ih dh T[wo T[; ;w/I frnkoK ;kb dh ;h.

T[BQK B/ GkJh r[odk; ih ~ fejk fe r[orZdh dh o;w j[D T[^u/ EV/ T[s/ p?m e/ ehsh ikt/rh. pkpk p[ZYk
ih ~ th r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih B/ ;wMk fdZsk fe r[orZdh dh o;w w"e/ #s/, n;hI ;Zi/ ns/ yZp/ whoh ns/
ghoh dhnK rb ftZu d' sbtkoK gfjBDhnK jB1.

r[orZdh dh o;w fJZe T[^u/ pDkJ/ rJ/ EV/ T[^s/ p?m e/ ehsh rJh. T[^u/ dwkb/ tkbh d;sko ;ikJh rJh
ns/ d;sko s/ ebrh th brk fdZsh rJh. whoh s/ ghoh dhnK d' sbtkoK gfjBkJhnK rJhnK. fJj fJZe Grsh
s/ d{ih Fesh dh gqshe ;h. d' fBFkB ;kfjp bfjokJ/ rJ/. fJZe d/ T[go b'j/ dk d'Xkok yzvk ns/ d{i/ T[go
;[Bfjoh ozr dk d'Xkok yzvk brkfJnk frnk.

fi; EVQ/ T[go r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih ~ r[orZdh s/ fpmkfJnk frnk, T[; dk Bkw ;fsr[oK B/ nekb
p[zrk oZfynk. fJE/ jh nekb s]s dh pekfJdk 1609 Jh;th ftZu T[;koh ehsh rJh. fdZbh s]s d/ ;kjwD/
 12

j[D nekb b s]s pD frnk.

f nekb
b s]s, nekb b d/ g[ikohn
nK ns/ f;obZE :'fXnK bJ
Jh j[D je{ws Bkb
NeokT[D bJh gq/oBk ;q's pD frnk. nkw b'e fdZ
dbh s]s d/ j[ew dh BjhI, nekb s]s d/ j[ew dh gkbDk
g
eoBk w[Zy Xow co} ;wMD
; bZr gJ/
J/ ;B.

;i F;sq p;
;sq ;Gk wkfj. fBs p?mfs sZ]s nekb tkfj.
t
(frL frnkB
f f;zx, gzE gqekF, gzBk-
-119)

gfjbk j[ew L
r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp
; ih B/ r[o{ pDB ;w/I fijVk gfjb bk j[ew ikohh ehsk, T[j fJj
f ;h, @@j[D G/Nk
F;soK dhh ehsh ikt/. uzurh B;b d/ x'V/ G/Nk ehs/ s/ ikD. fi; r[of;y d/ d' g[
gZso jB, T[j nkgDk fJZe g[Zso
Xow ekoi i bJh d/ d/t/t/. F;so ub bkT[D/ f;Zy' ns/
n x'V ;tkoh oh eoBh nkozG eo fdU.## fJ; j[ew ekoB
nrb/ e[ZM ;w/I ftZu jh r[o{ ih e'b fJZ
fJe uzrh c"ih Fesh fJeZmh j' rJh.

gfjbk fe
ebQk L
;qh nzfwqs;o Ffjfjo fBtk;hnKK nzdo ;[oZfynk
yn s/ ;t?-fttFtk; GoB bJh b r[o{ jfor r'fpzd ;kfjp ih B/
Ffjo'I pkjjo g[sbh xo o d/ B/V/ 1612 Jh;th ftZu fJZe febQk T[;kfonk, fii; dh wip{sh T[; d/ Bkw s'I jh
T[ikro j' iKdh j?. fJ J; dk Bkw febQ
fe k b'jrVQ oZofynk frnk.. nzfwqs;o d/ fJfsjk; ft tZu b'jrVQ, gfjbk
g
febQk ;h fi;
f ~ r[o{ jfor'
j fpzd ;kfj fjp ih B/ nkgkgDh fBrokBhh j/m T[;kfon
nk ;h. e[ZM ;w/
; I fgZS'I fJj febQk
d[FwDK dkk w[ekpbk eoB B bJh pj[s ez
ew nkfJnk. 1

;qh nekb
b s]s ;kfj
jp L

;qh dopko ;kfjp

p ih dh w[Zy fJwkos d/ fp
pbe[b ;kjwD/
D/ nekb-p[zr/ tkb/
;EkB s/ jh,
j nekb s] ]s ;kfjp dh T[;koh 1609 Jh;th ~ pe ekfJdk nkozG ehsh
rJh. fJ; ; dh ;EkgBk Bkb f;Zy ewe" dh T[;koh tZb fJZe wi
ip{s edw g[ZfNnk
f
frnk.

j[D sZe fdZbh s]s

s dk G? b'eK d/ fdbK ftZu ;wkfJn nk j'fJnk ;hh. ;qh
nekb s] ]s pD ikD Bkb
B fJj G? d{o j' frnk fe eT[Ife fJj s] ]s nekb g[oyo dh
ybes dkk gZy g{oB bJhb T[;kfonk frnk ;h. nekb n d/ g[ikooh nekb s] ]s d/
skfpnk j/m i[VB bZr gJ/. Grsh d/ Bkb Feshh th i[V rJh Jh. r[o{ ih B/ fJj
edw fJ; ; bJh T[mkfJnnk fe s]s d/ wkbe Grsh sh GktBk tkb/ pDB/ ukjhd/ jB.
;uw[u, i i/ oki;h Fesh,, Xowh b'eK d/ jZEK ftZu nk ikt/
t/ sK Xosh s/ ;tor
; ekfJw ehsk
eh ik
;edk j?.

fJ;
; s]s s'I MrrfVnK dk fBg gNkok j'Dk F[o{
o{ j' frnk. nekb
n s]s s'I ;Zu
d/ g[ikoh d/
d c?;b/ ;kjw
wD/ b'eK B/ ;h;
; M[ekT[D/ nko
ozG eo fdZs/. j[D fdZbh d/ s]s dh fe;/
; ~ e'Jh gqtkj
j BjhI
;h. uko/ gk;/
g j[ew, ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp; dk ubbdk ;h. fJ; nwb
n Bkb fdZbh
b d/ s]s ~ fceo bZr frrnk.

c"ih rmB
BL
 13

;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp ih dh T[;koh j'D sZe r[o{ ih gk; 52 ;{opho :'X/ gZe/ o{g ftZu Gosh ehs/ ik
u[Ze/ ;B. fJj ;ko/ nkg' nkgD/ y/so dh :[ZX ebk ftZu g{oh soQK fBg[D T[;skd ;B. fJj f;Zy rZGo{nK ~ :[ZX
ebk f;ykT[D bJh Bh:s ehs/ rJ/ ;B. S/sh jh r[o{ ih gk; 500 s'I tZX :'fXnK dh fJZe wip{s c"i fsnko
j' rJh. jo f;Zy f;gkjh ~ r[o{ xo tZb'I fJZe uzrh B;b dk x'Vk ns/ n;so F;so fdZs/ rJ/. r[o{ ih d/
y}kB/ ftZu jo o'} uzr/-uzr/ jfEnko, f;Zy ;zrsK G/Nk eodhnK ;B. FoXkb{nK B/ tXhnk B;b d/ x'V/ r[o{
dopko ftZu jk}o eoB/ nkozG eo fdZs/. fJ; bJh c"i ~ jfEnkopzd eoB ftZu e'Jh w[Ffeb g/F Bk nkJh.

w[;bwkB rZGo{ th r[o{ ih dh c"i ftZu Fkwb L

pqkjwD dh toB tzv eoe/ BhthI ikshnK tkfbnK dk ihtB pj[s d[yh ;h. id'I Gkos ftZu fJ;bkwh
oki ;Ekgs j'fJnk sK oki pb tos e/ ipod;sh pj[s ;ko/ b'eK ~ fJ;bkw ftZu Fkwb eo fbnk frnk.
fJ;bkw d/ e[ZM yk; r[DK ~ Xow gquko okjhI y{p gqukfonk frnk. fJ; gquko s'I gqGkts j' e/ th eJh b'e
fJ;bkw d/ dkfJo/ nzdo Fkwb j' rJ/ ;B. iks-gks dh bkjBs eoe/ Gkos eJh ;dhnK sZe ftd/Fh
w[;bwkB jkewK dk r[bkw fojk j?. fjzd{nK s'I fe;/ ekoB th w[;bwkB pD/ b'eK T[go eJh }kbw jkew sK
pj[s }[bw eod/ ;B. fJ; bJh eJh fJB;kc g;zd w[;bwkB th fJ; s'I pj[s d[yh ;B.

j[D id fdZbh d/ s]s d/ w[ekpb/ gzikp ftZu ;qh nzfwqs;o fty/ nekb s]s pD frnk sK jo Xow d/
fJB;kc g;zd b'eK dhnK nk;K T[wzrK ikr gJhnK fe j[D iBsk ~ io{o fJB;kc fwb/rk. fJ; bJh iks-gks
s'I ;skJ/ j'J/ fjzd{ ns/ }kbw jkewK s'I szr nkJ/ j'J/ w[;fbw b'e, r[o{ ih dh c"i ftZu Gosh j'D/ F[o{ j' rJ/.
fJ; ;w/I sK eJh b'e fJ;bkw ~ SZv e/ fJ;kJh wZs ftZu th ub/ rJ/ ;B. go pj[s ;kfonK B/ e[ZM tec/
ftZu f;Zy Xow ngDk fbnk.

ni'e/ gzikp dk soB skoB, gZNh, Mpkb dk ;kok fJbkek fJ; T[go'es fpnkB/ sZE dh g[FNh bJh
x'fynk ik ;edk j?.

pjkdoh dk i}pk GoBk L

;kv/ d/F ~ ftd/Fh jwbkto eJh tko b[ZNd/ oj/ jB feT[Ife fJE'I d/ b'e nkgDhnK iksh iK iwksh
ewi'ohnK eoe/ jwbktoK dk w[ekpbk eoB d/ :'r jh BjhI ;B ofj rJ/. go fco th fes/-fes/ e'Jh n?;k
nDyhbk :'Xk fBZso g?Idk ;h, fijVk pkjo'I nkJ/ fe;/ jwbkto fybkc T[m yVQk j[zdk ns/ pjkdoh Bkb bVdk
j'fJnk nkgDh ikB e[opkB eo iKdk ;h.

iB-;XkoB b'eK ftZu T[; pjkdo :'X/ dh uouk j[zdh, b'e T[; dh pjkdoh d/ feZ;/ pV/ wkD Bkb
;[DkT[Id/. eJh T[; :'X/ dh pjkdoh gqrN eoB tkbhnK eftsktK oud/. nkw s"o #s/ :[ZX Bkb ;zpzXs eftsk,
tko o{g ftZu fbyh iKdh ;h. d/F d/ tZy-tZy GkrK ftZu bZrD tkb/ w/fbnK T[go Ykvh (rtJhJ/) nfij/
pjkdoK dhnK tkoK pV/ i'F Bkb ;[DkT[Id/ ;B. ;[DB tkb/, tkoK ;[DfdnK fJT[I wfj;{; eod/ fit/I T[jBK d/
;kjwD/ izr j' fojk j't/. fJ; soQK nkw b'eK ftZu T[sFkj g?dk j[zdk s/ T[j fBvo ihtB ihT[D dh gq/oDk b?Id/.

r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih B/ ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp s'I nkgDh nDy-r?os bJh wo-fwND tkb/ ;{opho
:'fXnK dhnK tkoK rkT[DhnK nkozG eotkJhnK. fJ; bJh fJZe Ykvh gZe/ s"o #s/ r[o{ ih B/ Bh:s eo fdZsk.
T[; dk Bkw fJfsjk; ftZu npd[Zbk eoe/ nkT[Idk j?. ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp d/ ;kjwD/ y[Zb/ w?dkB ftZu jo
o'i d[gfjo fgZS'I b'eK dk fJeZm j[zdk. fJ; ftZu Ykvh, :'fXnK dhnK tkoK pj[s i'Fhb/ Yzr Bkb ;[DkT[Id/.
 14

;[DB tkb/ b'e BtK i'F s/ ukn b? e/ nkgD/ xoK ~ tkg; w[Vd/. fJ; soQK d[FwDK fto[ZX i{MD dk ukn jo
;w/I b'eK ftZu pfDnk ofjzdk. eJh B"itkB fJ; s'I gqGkts j' e/ r[o{ ih dh c"i ftZu Gosh j'D/ F[o{ j' rJ/.

fgzvK ftZu f;Zyh dk gquko s/ c"ih Gosh L

wkMk, wkbtk s/ d[nkp/ d/ g/Iv{ fJbkfenK ftZu r[o{ ih B/ fdB oks fJZe eoe/ f;Zy Xow dk gquko pj[s
jh ;[uZi/ Yzr Bkb ehsk. fjzd{ s/ w[;fbw iBsk ~ ;wMkfJnk fe r[o{ dk F[o{ ehsk fJj f;Zy Xow ;kfonK dk
;KMk j?. T[^uh BhthI iks dk e'Jh Gow BjhI j?, fJE/ ;G pokpo jB. ;koh b'ekJh e/tb fJZe gqG{ B/ jh
pDkJh j?. T[; s'I fpBK j'o e'Jh tZyoh j;sh BjhI j?. gqG{ dh ihtB i's jh ;kv/ ;kfonK ftZu tZ; ojh j?. fJ;
bJh ;kfonK ~ ;e/ G?D GoktK tKr ofjDk ukjhdk j?.

fJ; gquko dk fJj n;o j'fJnk fe pj[s ;ko/ fjzd{ ns/ w[;fbw b'e f;Zy Xow ftZu Fkwb j'D/ F[o{ j'
rJ/. r[o{ ih dhnK dbhb g{ope ftukoK s'I b'e pj[s gqGkts j[zd/. eJh pi[or wkg/ fiBQK B/ ikbw jwbktoK
e'b'I d[Zy ;j/ j'J/ ;B, nkgD/ B"itkB pZfunK ~ r[o{ ih dh c"i ftZu Gosh j'D bJh efjzd/. fJ; soQK r[o{ ih
d/ gquko d"o/ dk d'jok bkG j' fojk ;h. fJZe gk;/ Xow gquko s/ d{;o/ gk;/ B"itkBK dk c"i ftZu Gosh j'Dk.

r[o{ ih dh frqcskoh L
id s'I ijKrho B/ r[o{ xo d/ ;kiFhnK dh wdd Bkb gzuw gksFkj ~ bkj"o ftZu Fjhd eotk fdZsh
;h, sd s'I brksko fJj y[chnk fog'oNK fwb ojhnK ;B fe r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp B/ fdZbh s]s d/ w[ekpb/
s/ nekb s]s dh ouBk eo bJh j?. c"ih Gosh eoB s'I fJbktk nzfwqs;o ftZu fJZe w}p{s febQk th pDk
fbnk j?.

nkw b'eK ftZu phosk GoB bJh ;qh nekb s]s d/ ;kjwD/ jo o'} Ykvh, ;{opho :'fXnK dhnK tkoK
;[DkT[Id/ jB. fjzd{ w[;bwkBK ftZu fpBK fe;/ ftseo/ s'I r[o{-xo tZb'I ub oj/ ;/tk ekoi, r[o{ jfor'fpzd
;kfjp ih dh gqf;ZXh dk ekoB pD/ j'J/ jB.

;', fJ; ;ko/ gqeoD ~ ;kjwD/ oZy e/ ijKrho B/ nkgD/ Go';/:'r dopkohnK ~ p[bk e/ r[o{ jfor'fpzd
;kfjp pko/ fJeZmh ehsh ;koh y[chnk ikDekoh ;kjwD/ oZyh. T[jBK ;kfonK B/ th fJj jh ;bkj fdZsh fe r[o{
~ fpBK j'o d/oh d/ s[ozs frqcsko eo b?Dk ukjhdk j?. gzE gqekF ftZu frnkBh frnkB f;zx ih B/ fbfynk j?
fe r[o{ jfor'fpzd ih dh tXdh skes s'I xpok e/ uzd{ Fkj B/ FfjBFkj ~ GVekfJnk fe T[j nkT[D tkbh
w[;hps s'I puD bJh r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih ~ rtkbhno d/ feb/ ftZu e?d eo d/t/. iBse s"o s/ M{mk
gOuko fJj ehsk frnk fe r[o{ ih feb/ ftZu, pkdFkj T[go nkT[D tkbh w[;hps d/ pukn bJh nodk; eoB
tk;s/ G/i/ rJ/ jB. don;b uzd{ fJj GftZypkDh nkg i'sFhnK ~ foFts d/ e/ eotkJh ;h fe s[;hI efj
fdT[, pkdFkj T[^go fJZe tZvh w[;hps nkT[D tkbh j?. fJ; w[;hps s'I puD dk fJZe' okj j? fe f;ZyK dk S/tK
r[o{ rtkbhno ik e/ pukn dh nodk; eo/.

e[ZM th j't/, ;oekoh j[ew fwbd/ ;ko f;gkjhnK B/ r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih ~ nzfwqs;o ftZu'I
frqcsko eo fbnk. e[ZM fdBK fgZS'I jh T[jBK ~ rtkbhno d/ T[; febQ/ ftZu Biopzd ehsk frnk, fiZE/ j'o th
pj[s ;ko/ oki;h e?dh pzdh pDk e/ oZyh j'J/ ;B.
 15

r[o{ jfor'
r'fpzd ;kkfjp ih dh Fy;h
;hns L

r[o{ jfo
or'fpzd ;kfjp p ih dh ;y yFhns
p s jh gqGkt
pj[ t gkT[D tkb bh ;h. wip{s ed
e s/ fsZy/ B?D BeF nkg
ekm gD/ tZb fyZu gkT[
g Id/
; jo ;w/I gq
;B. gG{ dh :kd ftZ
f u i[V/ ofjDD Bkb
fu #s/ B{o v[
fujo/ vZb-v[Zb g?Idk ;h.

febQ/ ftZ
tu jh r[o{ ih nzfwqs t/b/ ;fs;z
; r
b D bZr gJ/. jo o'} gqwkswk dhnK
brkT[
t
tfvnkJhnK r
rkJhnK iKdhnKK. d[gfjo fgZS'
SI w[V
; r F[o{ j' iKdk. fJ;
;fs;z ; soQK febQ/ ftub/
e?dhnK, fiBQK ftZu pkJhXko o d/ oki/ th ;B,
; d/
fd nokw Bkb
fdB B fBebD bZr gJ/. ro{ r[ ih
T[gd/F ftZu wB[w Zyh ihtB dk d T[d/F ;wM MkT[Id/
fe ybes dh ;/tk okjhI n;hI gqwks swk d/
B
B}dhe gj[zu ;ed/ jK. r[o{ o{ ih dhnK ftukoK
ft
;[D e/ e?dh pj[
j[s j?okB j[zd/ ;B.

rtkbhn
no febQ/ ftu ubk wkj"b ;fs;z
; r
t
tkbk pD frnnk. febQ/ nzdo'I jo o'} ij jKrho
sZe fog'oN gj[zukJh iKdhi ;h fe r[o{
j fpzd (;kffjp ih) dk fttjko
jfor' ft sK pj[
j[s jh
fw
fwbtosB s/ ;dGktBk Gfofonk j?. fJj jBK dk
ihtB T[d/F rohpK dh ;/;tk s/ frnkBB dk gqekF eo
oBk j?. d[fBn
nkth oki-Gkrr gqkgs eoB tZb fJjBK dh e'Jh
o[uh BjhI brdh. febQk s/ c"i, ;t? oZfynk bJh ns/
n s]s p/fJB;kchnK
fJ dhh wko Mbd/ j'J/ b'eK ~ fJJB;kc
d/D dh b'e ;/tk tk;s/ fsnko
f ehsk frnk
f j?. fe;/
; fJbke/ T[s/ epik
e eoB dk
d e'Jh fJokdkk BjhI j?.

r[o{ ih dh
d fojkJh L
tkbhno febQ/1 dhnK nzdobhhnK fog'oNK d/ nkXko s/ r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih ~ e/tb d' ;kb
rt b fgZS'I
jh fojk eo
e fdZsk frnkk. fJ; tk;s/ ;kJhI whnK whho ns/ B{o ijK B/ th brksko ijKrho
i s/ dpkn
n gkJh oZfynk fe
f S/t/I
r[o{ ih ~ BikfJi jh frq
frcsko ehsk j'fJnk j?. ro{
r[ BkBe dk xo x sK y[dk d/ pzfdnK dh ;/tk t eoB ftZu :ehB
oZydk j?.

fpB ngokXX e?d eo okyk

yk. doFB e' so;B
s f;y bkkyk.
pd d[nkfJ T[
TBeh d[y d? j?
j. r[o ;wdo
o;h feS B e
e? j?.
(frL frn
nkB f;zx ih, gz
gE gqekF, gzBk 127)
 16

pzdh oki/
i fojk L
id r[o{ jfor'
j fpzd
;kfjp ihh ~ fojkJh d/ j[ew
;[DkJ/ rJ/
J/ sK goT[gekoh
e r[o{
ih B/ fJeJeZfbnK fojk j'D s'I
fJBeko eo fdZsk. r[o{ ih
ukj[zd/ ;B
B fe febQ/ fttub/ e[ZM
e?dh th Bkb
B jh fojk ehs/e ikD
feT[Ife dd' ;kb d/ ;fs;
s;zr ftZu
T[j ;ko/ iBsk
i dh ;/tk eoB dk
gqD eo u[Ze/ ;B. nkfyoeko
n
ijKrho B/ r[o{ ih d/ Bkb 52
j'o oki;hh e?dh fojk eo
e fdZs/.1
fJ; c?;b b/ Bkb r[o{ xo
o d/ d'yh,
yk; eoe/ uzd{ tor/ xp pok rJ/.

ijKrho noo r[o{ ek fiT[ i:' pY? ;B/j.

j
fsT[ s: uzd{
d{ d[FN e' ws
s;o skg uV/j.
j
(fr
rL frnkBh f;zx,
x gzE gqekF, gzBk 125)

ijKrho ~ gSsktk L
r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp
; ih dh frq
f cskoh fgZSIS'I j'JhnK eJh w[bkeksK eko oB ijKrho ~ nfj;k; j' frnk
fe r[o{ jfor'
j fpzd ih d/ d fgsk ih ~ Fjhd eoBkk tZvh G[Zb ;hh. T[; B/ uzrh rh soQK wfj;{; eo fbnk ;h ; fe
w[;bwkB iB{
i BhnK s/ uzd{ tor/
t rbs b'eKe B/ M{mhnK fog'
goNK
o G/i-G/i e/ T[; e'b'I gzit/I r[o{ ~ Fjhd
d eotk fdZsk j?.

fJfs
fsjk; fJ; rZb dk rtkj j? fe gzuw r[o{
o{ ih dh Fjhd
dh d/ e[ZM ;kb fgZS'I jh ijKr
rho B/ F/y nfjwd
n
;ojzdh ~ th frqcsko eo
e fbnk ;h feT[Ife gzuw gksFkj ih dh d Fjhdh s'I fgZS'I T[;B/ okki dopko ftZ
tu F/y
cohd p[ykoh
k okjhI f}n
nkdk jh dyb nz
ndkih eoBh F[o{ eo fdZsh ;h.

ijKKrho B/ id'I r[
ro{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih ~ fojk ehsk sK uzd{ ~ ;i ik d/D bJh r[o{ ih d/ jtkb
b/ eo
fdZsk frn
nk. r[o{ ih d/ j[
jew Bkb GkJ Jh fpXh uzd B/ s[ozs uzd{ ~ nkgD/ ekp{ ftZ
f u eo fbnkk.

uzd{ dh w"s L
uzd{ ysoh B/ nkggDh iksh feVQ VQ eZYD bJh r[
ro{ noiB ;kfjp
; ih T[s/ pj[s i[bw Ykj/
Y ;B. r[o{ ih ~
sZsh sth #s/ fpmkfJnkk, fGnkBe s'I fGnkBe s; ;hj/ fdZs/, row
ow o/sk r[o{ ih d/ ;h; s/ gtkfJnk
g frnnk ;h.
j[D fJ; gkgh
g ~ eoBhh dk cb fwb bD tkbk ;h. GkJh
G fpXh uzd ih B/ fJ; ~ nkgD/ ekp{ p{ ehsk j'fJn
nk ;h.
fJ; dk ozr ghbk g? frrnk ns/ vo eoe/e Eo-Eo ezpD br fgn nk. GkJh fpX
Xh uzd ih iokk fijk th fjb
bd/ sK
fJj sqpZe e/ fbbeVhn nK eZYD bZr g?Idk fe T[; dh ikB pyF fdZ f sh ikt/. go
o j[D T[; T[^go
g so; eoB B tkbk
e'Jh BjhI ;h feT[Ife T;
T[; B/ r[o{ ih #s/ so; BjhI ;h ykXk.
 17

fgzv-fgz
v v ftZu fJ;f d[FN ~ x[xwkfJnk frn nk sKfe nkw b'e d/y b?D fe gqG{ fezBk p/nzs j?. e[ZM ;wK
gfjbK id'
d'I fJ; gkgh d/ jZE ftZu EjVh
E' pj[s ske es ;h sK fJJ; B/ fezBk i[bw
b ewkfJnk ;h. gqf;ZX w;fbw
w[
ceho ;KJh
Jh whnK who dh p/Bsh th fJ; B/ m[eok fdZsh ;h
; ns/ gzuw gks
ksFkj ~ Fjhd eo
e fdZsk ;h.

j[D fJj r[o{ ih d/ f;ZyK dk pzdh ;h. fJ; ~ pukT[D tkb bk e'Jh BjhI ;h. bkj"o ftZ
tu T[j GVG[zik
i fJ;
dh T[vhe eo fojk ;h, fi; e'b'I fJ; ; gkgh B/ gzuw
u gksFkj d d/ ;h; ftZu roow-row o/sk gtkfJnk ;hh. id'I
GkJh fpXhh uzd ih ns/ j'o r[of;Zy fJ;f ~ rbhn nK pikoK ftZu x[wkT[Id/ j'J/ fJ; GVG[zi/ d/ xo gk;'I fBBebD
bZr/ sK Tjj GVG[zik o/sk
s gkT[D tkbk tZvk eVSk b? e/ ;kjwD/ yb' y frnk. uzd{ d{ B/ T[; GVG[zi/
i s/ eVS/ ~ gSkD
fbnk. GV VG[zi/ B/ fejk,@@uzd{ d/y fJj
j T[jh eVSkk j?. fi; Bkb b s{z w?~ wip{ f gzuw r[o{ ih s/
p{o ehsk ;h fe
row-row w o/sk gktK. nZi fJ;/ eV VS/ Bkb w/o/ jZE'I s/oh w"s j'
jt/rh.## T[; B/ fpXh uzd ihi gk;'I nkfrrnk b?
bJh. GVG[ G[zi/ B/ eVSk wko-wko e/ uzd{ ~ ysw eo fdZsk. fJ; f soQK gkgh
gh dk 1620 Jh;th
J ftZu nz
ns j'
frnk. 1

eVSk wkfoTT eo i'o g[FN.N sp fub fubkfJ

f eo wfoT[
w d[FN.
(g
gzE gqekF, gzBk 130)

nkro/ sI
s' bkj"o sZe ;KMk d"ok L
r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp
; ih ~ idd'I fojk ehsk frnk sK gzikp
k tZb otkBk j'D ;w/I ijKr rho th Bkb jh
j s[o
fgnk. fJj j ;kok ekcbkk fJeZmk jh ub
u fojk ;h. okso nokw eo oB ;w/I ijKrh
rho d/ szp{ s'I E'
EjVk jNtK r[o{ ih
dk szp{ brrdk ;h. nzfwqs;o
s gj[zu e/ ijKrho ;qh dopko
d ;kfjpp nzdo frnk ns/ opkph ;Zsk s/ pbtzv ih dk
ehosB ;[D e/ gq;zB j'fJnk.
fJ

T[;B/
; ;qh dopko ;kfjp d/ Bkww irho brkTT[D dh g/FeFF ehsh. go r[ro{ ih B/ fJB
Beko eo fdZsk
s ns/
fejk fe ;koh
; ;/tk f;Zy ;zrsK d/ ;fj:'
; r Bkb jh j fBGkT[D dh wo:kdk j?, fJ; bJh ;o oekoh irho gqtkB
BjhI ehsh ik ;edh. ij
jKrho wksk rz
rrk ih ~ r[o{ e/ wfjb ftZu ik e/ fwfbn
nk ns/ fywk wzrh.

nzfwq
ws;o s'I ij jKrho r[o{ ih ~ bkj"o th nkgD/ Bkb jhj b? frnk. brdk
b j? ijKr
rho b'eK ftZu fJj
gqGkt gkT[
T[Dk ukj[zdk ;hh fe j[D r[o{ xo Bkb T[; dk e'Jh wsG/
G/d BjhI ofj frnk. r[o{ ih
i dh ;jkfJssk Bkb
nkgDk okiki gqpzX ;tZS eoBk ukj[zdkd ;h, go T[; dh f;js ;kE; BjhI ;h d/ ojh. fJ; ; bJh S/sh jh
j T[j
eFwh
who tZb otkBkk j' frnk.

r[o{ ih tkg; nzfwqs;o ftZu L

bkj"o ns/ s/ nk;-gk; ; d/

fJbkf
kfenK ftZu eo ohp ;Zs-nZm wjhB/
ofj e/ r[o{ ih B/ fco y{p gquko
ehsk. 1621 JhH nyho s/ r[o{ ih
tkg;
; nzfwqs;o fty/
f nk rJ/. fJE/
fco s'I gfjb/ tkbhnK
t o"DeK gos
nkJhhnK. r[o{ ih B/ F;so nffGnk;
d/ Bkb-Bkb,
B x'b e[Fsh nkfde
n
 18

wodkthnK y/vK nkozG eotk fdZshnK. ;kok fdB fJE/ f;Zy ;/teK d/ nkT[D Bkb uzrh ufjb-gfjb bZrh
ofjzdh ;h.

r[o{ ih d/ wksk ih dk ;tortk; L

r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih 1621 JhH ftZu nzfwqs;o nkJ/ ;B ns/ e[ZM ;wK fJE/ ofj e/ bkj"o ~ ub/
rJ/ ;B. T[; s'I fgZS'I wksk ih nkgD/ fgzv pekb/ ftZu ub/ rJ/. nukBe 1621 JhH d/ nyhob/ fdBK ftZu
T[jBK dk ;tortk; j' frnk. r[o{ ih nkgD/ ;/teK ;w/s pekb/ fty/ gj[zu/ ns/ wo:kdk w[skfpe wksk ih dk
;;eko eo fdZsk frnk.

ijKrho dh w"s L
nkgDh T[wo d/ nyhob/ ;kbK ftZu ijKrho pj[s ew}'o j' frnk ;h. dw/ dh phwkoh eoe/ T[j pj[s
jh gq/FkB ofjzdk ;h. nkgD/ pkrh g[Zso Fkj ijkB ~ frqcsko eoB dh Bh:s Bkb T[j niw/o gj[zfunk go
T[;dk g[Zso ekp{ Bk nkfJnk. ;ohoe s/ wkBf;e eb/F ekoB d[yh j'fJnk T[j tkg; eFwho tZb s[o fgnk.
e[ZM ;wK eFwho ftZu fpsk e/ bkj"o nkfJnk ns/ fJE/ fco dw/ dk ;ys d"ok g? frnk. fJE'I ihnk fGnkDK
eFwho ~ tkg; w[V fgnk go o;s/ ftZu jh fGzpo d/ e'b 28 nes{po, 1627 Jh;th ~ w"s dh r'd ftZu
jw/FK bJh ;"I frnk.

Fkj ijkB L
ijKrho dh w"s fgZS'I uko wjhB/ d/F ftZu jcVk dcVh wZuh ojh. nctkjK eoe/ ;ko/ d/F ftZu dfjFs
dk wkj"b ;h. ijKrho dh okDh B{o ijK nkgD/ itkJh ~ pkdFkj pDkT[Dk ukj[zdh ;h go Fkj ijkB B/ fe;/
dh e'Jh g/F Bk ikD fdZsh. Gkoh iZd' ifjd fgZS'I 26 iBtoh 1628 JhH ~ Fkj ijkB, d/F dk pkdFkj pDB ftZu
ekw:kp sK j' frnk go fJ; ~ oki Gkr ubkT[D pko/ e'Jh siopk BjhI ;h. y[dro} b'eK B/ fJ; e'b'I eJh g[Zm/ ezw th
eotkJ/ ;B.
FkfjijK ;[s ijKrho ek pkdFkj g[B j':'.
fpB siop/ T[; nZbV B/ Gbk p[ok Bj i/:'.
(gzE gqekF gzBk 133)

Fkj ijkB bkj"o ftZu L

Fkj ijkB fdZbh fty/ nkgDk oki Gkr gZek eoB fgZS'I E'jVk ;[oyo{ j' e/ gzikp (bkj"o) gj[zfunk. r[o{
xo d/ d'yhnK B/ fJZe tko fco r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih d/ fto[ZX Fkj ijkB ~ GVekT[D bJh fFekfJsK
brkT[DhnK nkozG eo fdZshnK. Fkj ijkB ~ dZf;nk frnk fe r[o{ B/ nzfwqs;o ftZu fJZe febQk T[;kfonk
j'fJnk j?. nekb s]s pDk e/ pokpoh eo fojk j?. T[E/ b'eK d/ w[edw/ ;[D e/ r[o{ c?;b/ eodk j?. T[; B/
nkgD/ gk; c"i oZyh j'Jh j? ns/ jo o'i Gosh ikoh j?. eJh w[;bwkB th r[o{ dh c"i ftZu Gosh j'Jh ik oj/
jB. T[BQK fejk fe i/ fJj ;kok e[ZM Bk o'fenk frnk sK gzikp ftZu jkbks ekp{ s'I pkjo j' ;ed/ jB. Fkj
ijkB B/ fJjBK ;kohnK rZbK ~ pj[s fXnkB Bkb ;[fDnk ns/ ;'uD bZr fgnk fe fejVh :'r ekotkJh ehsh
ikt/.

bVkJh bJh pjkBk L

bkj"o ftZu ofjzfdnK fJZe fdB Fkj ijkB nzfwqs;o tkb/ gk;/ izrb ftZu fFeko y/vD bJh fBefbnk.
;zi'r tZ; T[; fdB r[o{ jforfpzd ;kfjp ih th T[;/ gk;/ tZb fFeko y/vD bJh fBeb/ j'J/ ;B. Fkjh pki B/
 19

r[o{ ih d/ e?Ig B/V/ fJZe ikBto dk fFeko

fF ehsk. Fkjh
F pki, T[; sVc oj/ ikBto
i ~ T[^go
o nekF ftZu b? ik
e/ EZb/ ;[ZNdk
N s/ ed/ gN Nek-gNek e/ wkodk ;h. r[o{o ih Fkjh pki
ki d/ fJ; eoosZp ~ d/y oj/
j/ ;B. T[; ~ o'eD
bJh r[o{ ih i B/ nkgDk pki
p SZv fdZsk. r[o{ ih d/ pk}
p B/ Fkjh pkki s/ ekp{ gk fbnk ns/ T[; ~ iwhB s/ fbnk
;[ZfNnk. f;Z
f;y ;/teK B/ T[
T;/ t/b/ Fkjh pki ~ geV fbnk.

Fkj
jh pki ~ cV VB fgS/ fJZe ekoB j'o thh ;h. ;oekohh Ffj s/ fcoe
oe{ b'eK B/ r[o{
o{ okw dk; ih tZb'I
bkj"o ftZu brtkJh rJ Jh pkT[bh ~ g{o fdZsk ns/ r[od[nkok ;kkfjp ~ Ykj fdZ
f sk frnk ;h.;h 1 pk} cVBB tkbh
ypo f;gkgkjhnK B/ tXk uVQk e/ Fkj ijkB e'b gj j[zukJh. fJ; eoe/ Fkj ijjkB r[Z;/ ftZu nk e/ efjD bZrk,
@@r[o{ ~ fjz
fjws fet/I gJ
Jh j?, nkgD/ pki
p okjhI ;kv/
v/ pk} T[go jwbk
j eotkT[D dh<## ;', Fkj
F ijkB ~ r[o{ ih
Bkb t?o tXkT[
t D bJh uzrk w"ek jZE bZ br frnk.

b'jrVQ dh
d bVkJh L

r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp

; ih B/ nz
nfwqs;o Ffj jo dh okyh bJh
b
pkjotko g[sbh xo d/ B/V/ fJZe wip{ p{s febQk T[;kfonk
k j'fJnk ;h.
fJj febQk pkjo'I d/yD s/ fJT[I br rdk ;h fit/I e/ etb fwZNh dhnK
dh
dhtkoK dk j? go dhtkooK d/ nzdo fBook b'jk jh ifV
fVnk j'fJnk ;h.
; 2

16228 Jh;th ftZ

tu Fkj ijkB B/ nkgD/ fJZe ioB?b w[yfbw
f
yK ~ c"i d/ e/ r[o{ ~ ;pe f;yk ykT[D bJh G/fink.
f jzeko/ j'J/
w[yfb; yK
y B/ Fkw ~ jh jwbk eo oB dk j[ew d/ fdZsk. T[; B/
;'funk fe
e E'jV/ pj[s f;Zy j'Dr/ ns/
n n;hI S/sh jh T[jBK ~ gko
p[bk e/ ro{
r[o ~ geV e/ tkg; bkj"o gj[zu ikDk j?j. oks Go fdBf
uVQB dh T[vhe eoB dhh eh io{os j?<

b'jrVQ
j d/ febQ/ nzdo'I f;Zy :'fXnK B/ w[yfb;
f yK dh ;?Bk dk vZN e/ w[ekpbk ehhsk. fijVk d[FwD
f;gkjh fe
ebQ/ d/ B/V/ nkTT[D dh e'fFFF eodk, r[o{ ih
i d/ pjkdo :'X/ T[; ~ fi iT[Idk tkg; BK
B w[VB fdzd/. f;Zy
:'fXnK dhh pjkdoh sZe d/ w[yfb; yK y dzr ofj frrnk. T[; B/ nkgD/
n e[ZM f;g
gkjh nzfwqs;o
o Ffjo ftZu dkyb
eo fdZs/. fJ; Bkb ;ko/ o/ nzfwqs;o d/ fBtk;hnK ftZ
ftu GrdV fi ijh wZu rJh. go S/sh jh f;Zy rZGo{nK B/ th
nkgD/ jfE
fEnko ;zGkb bJ/ ns/ Fkj jh ;?Bk d/ f;g
;gkjhnK ~ Fffjo'I pkjo eZY fdZsk. fJ; ; bVkJh ftZu r[o{
jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih yd y[ nZr/ tZX e/ d[FwDK ~ nkgD/
n jZE fdy
dyk oj/ ;B. oks
o jB/ok j' ikD fgZS'I f;
;nkDg
tosd/ j'J/
J/ w[yfb; yK B/B bVkJh pzd eo fdZsh.

o ;{oi uVQB s/ w[yfb; yK

;t/o/ y B/ nkg nr rtkJh eod/ j'J/ b'jrVQ feeb/ s/ tZvk jw
wbk eo fdZsk. fJ;
jwb/ ~ o'eD bJh f;Zy :'X/ nkgDhn nK ikBK j{b e/ bV/. GkJh fpXh
fp uzd ih ns/
n g?Id/ yK r[o{
o ih dh c"i d/d tZv/
:'fXnK ftZ
tZu'I ;B. g?Id/ yK
y B/ fJ; izr ftZu ewkb dh pjkdoh fdykJh.fd fJj Fkjh
F f;gkjhn nK d/ x'V/ j/mK pj[s
c[osh Bkb
b tV iKdk ns/ s/ x'V/ ~ T[bNk
N e/ EZb/ ;[ZN fdzdk ;h. fJ;; B/ nkgDh s/r d/ th y{p i"
ijo fdykJ/.

jK fXoK ftuekko izr1 g{oh soQK Gyh j'Jh ;h fe Fkjh ;?Bk d/ ioB?
d'jK B?b w[yfb; yKK ~ r[o{ ih B/ fJZe
Gog{o tko
o okjhI d' ckV
V eo ;[ZfNnk.. T[; d/ woB
B dh ypo fiT[
T[I jh w?dkfB iz
ir ftu gj[zuh,
uh ;G d/ j"I;bb/ N[ZN
 20

rJ/ ns/ T[j nkgDh ikkB pukT[D bJ

Jh fgZS/ ~ jN
ND bZr gJ/. nkyoeko
n ;koh
oh puh j'Jh ;?Bk bkj"o ~ tkg;
w[V rJh.

jfor'fpzd g[o dh izr L

r[o{ jfor'r'fpzd ;kfjp p ih eosko o g[o

(ibz
bzXo) fty/ e[M ;wK gquko eoe/ ;qh jfo or'fpzd
g[o nkD v/o/ bkJ/b . fJ; Ffjo
1
F ~ gzuw r[o{
noi iB ;kfjp ih B/ nkgD/ xo ;g[Zso (r[o{)
jfor
r'fpzd ih d/ iBw
Bw dh y[Fh ftZu t;kfJnk
t ;h.2

fJE'I B/V/ jh fJZe fgz

gv v o[j/bk ;h. uzd{
yZsoh
o fJE'I dk jh ofjD tkbkk ;h. j[D fJE E/ uzd{
dk g[Zso ofjzdk ;h. fJj thh nkgD/ fgskk tKr
pj[s jh uzdo/ ;[Gkn
G dk wkbe e ;h. fJj r[o{o xo
Bkb
b nkgD/ fdb'I Gkoh t?o oZydk
y ;h feT[Ife r[o{
e/ f;ZyK B
B/ fJ; d/ fgsk uzd{ ~ gko p[bk fdZsk j'fJnk
J ;h.

fJ; f I d/ u"Xoh GrtkB dk; B/ r[o{ e/ f;Z

; dh u[Ze s/ fJE' ;yK Bkb S/VykBhyk eoBh F[o{ eo fdZsh. gfjbK
g
gfjb sK f;Zy ;/teK B/ fJ; ~ e[ZM Bk fejk go fJj fJZe fdB B r[o{ ih dh FkB d/ fybkc c th e[ZM e[p'b w{j'I
p'b frnk. f;ZyK e'b'I fJj
fJ e[p'b pod dkFs Bk j' ;e/
; . o'j ftZu nkJ/ j'J/ e[ZM f;Zy ;{ofwn
nK B/ GrtkB dk;
d ~
dfonk ftZ
tu ;[ZN e/ gko
o p[bk fdZsk.

j[D GrtkB dk; ; dk g[Zso fJ JE'I d"V e/ ibz

i Xo d/ jke ew gk; frnknk ns/ T[E'I r[o{ ih s/ c"i ukVQ
fbnkfJnkk. fJj ;kok fJbkek
f ibzXo nXhB jh g?Idk ;h. Grt tkB dk; d/ g[Zso
s B/ c"idko
o ~ fJj dZf;n nk ;h
fe r[o{ e'b e[ZM frDshh d/ jh f;Zy jB.
j ;kv/ f;gk gkjhnK B/ S'Nh fijh MVg fgZ
fgS'I jh T[jBKK ~ e?d eo b?Dk j?
ns/ c/o n;hI
n r[o{ Bkb f;zRKr/.

fJ;
; soQK T[jBK B/ ;fji-;[Gk jh jwbk eoo fdZsk. jwb/ fgZS'I S/sh jh c"}dko ~ ;w
wM nk rJh fe r[o{
iK f;ZyK ~ e?d eoBk fJz
fJBk n;kB ezw BjhI j?, fizBk
B GrtkB dk;; dk g[Zso effjzdk ;h.

izr ftZu f;Zy f; ;gkjh p/FZe d[FwDK Bkb'I pj[

p s E'jV/ ;B.
; go fi; i'F ns/ oDB Bhsh Bkb T[j bV/,
d[FwD c"i d/ g?o fy;e eD/ F[o{ j' rJ/
J/. ibzXo dk c"
cidko fJ; iz ir ftZu nkgD Dh jh rbsh BkbB wkfonk frnk.
f
nkgDk c"idko
i wfonk d/y e/ Fkjhh f;gkjh tkg g; d"V rJ/. fJzi w?dkB, r[o{ ih s/ f;Z f y :'fXnK d/ jZE
nkfJnk. iz
ir fgZS'I r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kkfjp ih fJE/ e[ZM ;w/I bJhh o[e/ ns/ nkg
gD/ you/ s/ fJ
JE/ fJZe w;fi
id th
pDtk e/ fdZ
fdsh sKfe r[o{o{ ih d/ w[;fbw
w ;/te nkgDDh pzdrh eo ;eD.;
 21

vo"bh dhh bVkJh L

r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp
; ih d/ do
oFB eoB bJ Jh
ekp[b s'I e[
eZM f;Zy FoXXkb{ gzikp tZb s[o/. id'I fJ
Jj
bkj"o d/ B/V/ gj[zu/ sKK s[oe f;gkj jhnK B/ fJjB BK
;kfonK ~ b[ZN fbnk. r[o{ ih bJh fbnKd/ ik oj/ o
uzrh B;b d/ d' x'V/ th f;gkjh y'j e/ b? rJ/.

vo"bh
b ftZu id'I fJ; ;koh xNBk dk gs sk
bZfrnk sKK f;Zy ;zrsK B/ pj[s p[ok wBkfJnk. ro{r[
ih Bkb ;zrsK
r B/ ftuko oK nozG eo fdZdZshnK fe s[oe
o
;?Bk dh fJ;
fJ joes dk d fejVk i[nkp
n fdZsk ikt/ t/.
ub ojhn nK ftukoK ftZu fJZe f;Zy i'
iXk GkJh fpX Xh
uzd yVk j'fJnk. T[;B/ r[o{ ih ~ p/Bsh
B ehsh fe i/
s[;hI w?~ nkfrnk
n d/t' sK
s w?I T[j x'V/ r[o{ dopko ftZ
f u tkg; b? nkT[Idk jK.

r[o{ ih dh nkfrn nk b? e/ T[j bkj"o ~ otkkBk j' frnk. T[E/ ik e/ T[; B/ xkjhJ/ dk d G/; pdb fbnk.
f
febQ/ d/ f;
;gkjhnK ~ Go o';/ ftZu b? e/ e[ZM ;w/I fgZS'
SI x'fVnK d/ sp/b/ ftZu ezw eoB s/ T[jBK
j ~ xkj nkfde
n
y[nkT[D dhd B"eoh eo bJh.b fJ; xkkjhJ/ B/ fJZe fdB w"ek gk e/ fJZe x'Vk T[E'I eZY fbnnKdk ns/ r[o{ ih d/
dopko ftZ tZu g[uk fdZsk.

e[ZM ;w/I fgZS'I GkkJh fpXh uzd B/ i'sFh dk G/; tNk fbnnk ns/ bkj"o febQ/ ftZu'I rz
r[zw j'J/ x'V/ dk
d N/tk
brkT[D d/ pjkB/ d{ik x'Vk pkjo eY Ytk fbnk. pVVh c[osh Bkb f;gkjhnK d/ ;kjwD/ fJj i'sFh x'V/ s/ ;tko
j' frnk ns/
n x'V/ ~ nZvh v bk fdZsh. fJj
f nkT[D bZrkr T[jBK ~ dZ; nkfJnk fe e fJj x'V/ r[o{
o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp
;
dh nwkBs s ;B. w?I fJj j tkg; b? uZfbnk
fb jK. fJj d't/I x'V/ r[o{ ih d/ dopko
o dh FkB pDB Br/.

fJ;
; ;koh xNBk dh g{oh-g{oh ikDekoh ;{pk bkj"o ~ fwbbh. T[; B/ 16
632 Jh;th ftZ
tZu nkgD/ d' ioB?
i b
- bbkp/r s/ ewop/r ~ vo"bh fty/ r[o{ (ih) s/ jwbk
j eoB dk
d j[ew d/ fdZdsk.
s S/sh jh Fkjh
F ;?Bk b? e/ fJj
d't/I ioB?b vo"bh B/V/ gj[zu rJ/. d'jK fXoK ftu
ueko izw e/ bVkJh
b j'Jh. f;Zy ;{opho i'X/ nDy s/ r?os
pukT[D bJh
bJ nkgDhnK ikBKi r[o{ ih s'I e[opkB eoo oj/ ;B.

r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp

; ih nkgg th fJ; w?dkB
d ftZu pjkd doK dh soQK d[FwDK dk w[ekpbk
e eo oj/
j/ ;B.
r[o{ ih fi
i; gk;/ th w{zj eoe/ nZr/r/ tXd/, d[FwDK
w d/ ;ZEo ftSk
f fdzd/. soe
s[ ;odko bbkp/
b r s/ ew wop/r
E'jV/-E'jV/ tec/ fgZS'I wko/ rJ/. nkkgD/ ioB?b wo/
w d/y e/ ;ko
oh ;?Bk bkj"o ~ tkg; w[V rJh. fJ; izr dh
:kd ftZu r[o{ ih B/ fJJE/ E'jV/ tess fgZS'I fJZe ;o'
; to pDtkfJ
fJnk. fJ; ~ f;Zy ;zrsK @r[
@ o{ ;o# efj
jzdhnK
jB.

go dh bVkJhh L
eoskog[
r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp
; ih Xoww gquko okjhII, f;Zy ;zrsK ftZu T[sFkj
j Go oj/ ;B.. d{o d[okv/ s'I b'e
r[o{ ih d/ doFB eoB bJh nkT[D bZr/. B"itkB XVk-XV r[o{ o{ ih dh c"i ftZ
f u Fkwb j' oj/ ;B. j[D sZe
dhnK j'JhnK
h ;kohnK iz irK, r[o{ ih B/ fiZs bJhn
nK ;B. fJ; eoe/ f;Zy FoXkb{
F pj[s T[sFkj ftZu ;B.
 22

F;so, x'V/ ns/ j'o ;wkB f;Zy FoXkb{ G/Nk d/ o{g ftZu fbnk oj/ ;B. eoskog[o fty/ r[o{ ih gk; j[D f;Zy
f;gkjhnK, n;so F;so ;w/s x'fVnK dh e'Jh xkN BjhI ;h.

j[D sZe s[oeK Bkb j'JhnK fszB izrK ftZu T[jBK dk pj[s p[ok jFo j'fJnk ;h. fJ; eoe/ r[o{ xo
Bkb jwdodh oZyD tkb/ b'e pj[s y[F ;B. s[oe ;?Bk d/ ;skJ/ j'J/ b'e th r[o{ ih d/ FoXkb{ pDd/ rJ/ ns/
T[j th jo gqeko dh wdd eoBk nkgDk gfjbk coi ;wMD bZr gJ/.

b'jrVQ nzfwqs;o dh gfjbh bVkJh ftZu g?Id/ yK B/ pVh phosk fdykJh ;h. go T[; ~ jzeko j' frnk
ns/ ;'uD bZr fgnk fe fJj bVkJh w/o/ eoe/ fiZsh rJh j?, BjhI sK r[o{ fenK B/ jko ikDk ;h. ;?fBe Bhsh
nB[;ko n?;/ ftnesh ~ r[o{ ehnK c"iK ftZu BjhI ;h oZfynk ik ;edk feT[Ife jzekoh wB[Zy, ;tkoEh s/
bkbuh fposh tkbk pD e/ fe;/ ;w/I th B[e;kB gj[zuk ;edk ;h. r[o{ ih B/ T[; ~ u[g-ukg tkg; nkgD/ xo
S[ZNh s/ G/i fdZsk.

j[D r[o{ ih dk eoskog[o nkT[Dk ;[D e/ g?Id/ yK fwbD bJh nkfJnk. r[o{ ih B/ fJ; Bkb pj[s uzrk
toskT[ ehsk. fJ; jzekoh B/ ;'funk fe FkfJd w/ok fJj nkdo fJ; bJh ehsk frnk j? fe w?I j'o ;ko/ f;Zy
:'fXnK Bkb'I tZX pjkdo jK. fJ; d/ jzeko dh f;Zy ;zrsK ftZu rZb uZb gJh sK ;fsr[oK B/ fJ; ~ fgnko
Bkb ;wMkT[D dh e'fFF ehsh. go fJj jzekoh g?Id/ yK r[o{ ih Bkb th yot/ p'bK s/ T[so nkfJnk. r[o{ ih d/
;/teK B/ fJ; ~ uzrh MkV gkJh ns/ T[E'I ub/ ikD bJh fejk. r[Z;/ ftZu Gfonk j'fJnk fJj nkgD/ fgzv ~
s[o fgnk. go ikD bZrk Xweh d/ frnk fe j[D s[;hI ;ko/ seV/ j' e/ ofjDk.

GkJh fpXh uzd ih ibkb ftZu nk rJ/ ns/ r[o{ ih e'b ik e/ p/Bsh ehsh, @@j/ ;Zu/ gksFkj! i/ s[;hI
nkfrnk d/t' sK j[D/ jh g?Id/ yK ~ f;ZX/ o;s/ gk d/Id/ jK##. r[o{ ih B/ fejk, @@BjhI! j[D fJj dopko dh
jkioh GoB nkfJnk ;h. fJ; bJh ni/ fJ; ~ e[ZM BjhI efjDk##.

g?Id/ yK ibzXo d/ c"idko gk; frnk ns/ efjD bZrk fe w?I r[o{ dh c"i dk fJZe tZvk ioB?b jK. w/oh
r[o{ Bkb nDpD j' rJh j?. fJ; bJh w?I s[oe ;?Bk dh ;jkfJsk Bkb r[o{ jfor'fpzd (ih) ~ frqcsko eoBk
ukj[zdk jK.

ibzXo dk c"idko fJE'I fJ; ~ Bkb b? e/ bkj"o d/ ;{p/dko gk; ik gj[zfunk. g?Id/ yK B/ bkj"o fty/
dZf;nk fe r[o{ dh ;koh skes w/o/ eoe/ ;h. T[; e'b e'Jh tZvh c"i BjhI j?. s[;hI w/o/ Bkb ;?Bk G/i', w?I r[o{
~ ;pe f;yk e/ nkT[Idk jK.

bkj"o d/ ;{p/dko B/ ekb/ yK ~ fijVk nzfwqs;o dh bVkJh ftZu wko/ rJ/ w[yfb; yK dk Gok ;h, ~
1634 Jh;th ftZu ;?Bk d/ e/ G/fink. fJjBK B/ eosko g[o ~ uko/ gk;/ s'I nkgD/ x/o/ ftZu b? fbnk. fJj d/y
e/ f;Zy ioB?bK ~ bkbhnK uVQ rJhnK. r[o{ ih th :[ZX bJh g{oh soQK fsnko j' gJ/. bVkJh F[o{ j' rJh. s/r
s/ s/r yVeB bZrh. bVkJh ftZu jZb/ r[Zb/ ekoB Gkoh F'o Fokpk wZu frnk. f;Zy f;gkjh fiE/ r[o{ ih s'I
e[opkB j'D bJh bV oj/ ;B. T[^E/ s[oe f;gkjh nkgDhnK sBykjK bJh bV oj/ ;B. fJj izr pj[s jh
fGnkBe j'Jh.

wuh j'Jh izr ftZu g?Id/ yK B/ r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih ~ tzrko gkJh fe w/o/ ;kjwD/ nkt'. r[o{ ih B/
d{o bVkJh ftZu g?Id/ yK dh tzrko ;[Dh ns/ w[;eokT[D bZr gJ/. izr ftZu th ikj' ibkb s/ y/V/ Bkb Gog{o
 23

fujok b? e/ S/t/I gksFkkj MZN gZN g?Id/

I yK d/ ;kjw
wD/ nkD yVQ/ j'
jJ/ ns/ fejkk, @@g?Id/ yK, s{z gfjb/ tko eo
e b?
fes/ s/o/ fdb
f d/ nowkBB fdb ftZu jh Bk ofj ikD D!##

fJj
j ;[D e/ T[; b{bD jokwh B/ r[o{ ih s/ tkoo eo fdZsk go
g r[o{ ih B/ pVh s/ih s/ c[osh Bkb tko
o puk
fbnk. r[o{
o{ ih B/ fejkk fJZe tko jo
j'o eo b?. g?Id/
I yK B/ pVh s/ih Bkb d{;ok
; tko th eo e fdZsk go o ykbh
ufbnk fr
rnk.

r[o{ ih B/ fejk, @@g?Id/ yK s{z s/r dk

XBh s/ pj[j[s pjkdo ;?I!I nZi s?~ ehh j' frn?<
s?~ tko eoBk
e jh BjhjhI nkT[Idk.## fJj nky
e/ r[o{ ih i B/ T[; T[s/ tko eod/ e j'J/
fejk,@@g?Id/ yK tko fJ; f soQK eo ohdk j?!##
fiT[I jh r[o{ ih B/ tko ehsk sK g?Id/ yK rzGho
o{g ftZu iywh
i j' e/ iwwhB s/ fvZr fgnk.
f y{B
Bkb bZEgEgZ iwhB s/ fvZfvr/ j'J/ g?Id/ yK d/ w{zj
s/ X[Zg g? ojh
o ;h. r[o{ ih B/ nkgDh Ykb Bkb
T[; d/ w{zj s/ SK ehshh ns/ fejk, @@g?Id/ yK!
s/ok nzs ;wK
; nk frnkk j?, nkgD/ y[dk d ~ :kd
eo b?.## j[jD g?Id/ yK dh neb fNekD/ D/ nk u[Zeh
;h. T[;dk d ;kok jzeko o iKdk fojk ns/ w{j'I
e/tb fJ; ; Fpd jh fBe eb/, @@;Zu/ gkksFkj, w?I
G[Zb frnk ;h, s{z jh w/o/o bJh ;G eZ e[ZM j?##. fJj efj e/ g?Id/ yK B/ jw/FK bJh
b nZyK pzd eo bJhnK. d{;o/
gk;/ ekb/ yK
y th pj[s pjkdoh
p Bkb bVb fojk ;h. j[jD sZe d'jK gkf;nK s'I eJ Jh i'X/ w?dkB ftZu e[opkB j'
j u[Ze/
;B. nkjw w' ;kjwDhI bV VkJh ftZu GkJJh fpXh uzd ih
i dh sbtko B/ ekb/ yK d/ d' N'N/ eo ;[ZN/. ekb/ yK wfonk
w
d/y e/ s[oe
o f;gkjh ikB B puk e/ tkg; ; d"V rJ/.

:kd
d oj/ fJ;/ bVkJh
b ftZu ro{
r[ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih d/ ;G s'I S'N/ ;g[Zso fsn
nkr wb (r[o)o{ s/r
pjkdo ihh B/ th nkgDh
Dh s/r d/ y{p i"jo fdykJ/ ;B. izr ysw
w j'D s/ fgs
sk r[o{ jfor'fpz
fpd ih B/ fJj
jBK ~
nkgD/ gk;
k; p[bkfJnk ns/
n fejk fe s[ sjkvk
Bkw fsnnkr wZb BjhIhI s/r pjkdo o j'Dk
ukjhdk j?.

fJ;
J; ;w/I r[o{ jfor'fpzd ih i dh
T[wo 39 ;kb ;h. g?Id/ yK th r[o{ ih dk
jw T[wo ;h.

r[o{ ih ehosg[
e o ftZ
tZu L

eoosko g[o dh fJ; bVkJh fgZS'I

r[o{ jfor
r'fpzd ;kfjp ih gjkVh fJbke/
f
ehos g[o ;kfjp ftZ
1
tZu ik fNe/. fJ;
 24

fJbke/ d/ b'e tfjwK GowK ftZu pj[s p[oh soQK c;/ j'J/ ;B. ukb pki pqkjwD ;dhnK s'I fJjBK rohp b'eK
dk okyk pfDnk nk fojk ;h, go fJj T[jBK ~ jw/Fk jh b[ZND s'I fpBK j'o e[ZM BjhI ;h eodk.

j[D r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih B/ ehos g[o ~ e/Ido pDk e/ nk;-gk; d/ g/Iv{ y/soK ftZu r[o{ BkBe
;kfjp ih dh ftukoXkok dk gquko eoBk F[o{ eo fdZsk. gjkVh b'e r[o{ ih d/ ftukoK s'I pj[s gqGkts j[zd/
ns/ r[o{ xo tZb fyZu/ ub/ nkT[D bZr/. r[o{ xo ftZu f;oc fJZe nekb g[oy dh g{ik ;h. id fe pqkjwD tkd
nDfrDs d/th d/tfsnK ~ y[F eokT[D d/ uZeo ftZu g{ik-dyDk b?-b? e/ rohp b'eK dk eu{zpo eZYdk ubk nk
fojk ;h. b'eK B/ r[o{ xo d/ FoXkb{ pDBk nkgD/ ihtB bJh bkGdkfJe ;wfMnk. fJ; soQK ehos g[o ftZu
Bt/I pD/ FoXkb{nK d/ nkT[D Bkb uzrh o"De bZrD bZr gJh.

B"itkBK ~ r[o{ ih ;ohoe nfGnk; th eotkT[Id/ ns/ fgZS'I T[jBK ~ nkgDh oytkbh eoB bJh F;so
ftZfdnk ftZu th fBg[zB eo fdzd/. ;qh nzfwqs;o ns/ eosko g[o tkbhnK o"DeK j[D ehos g[o ftZu ofjD bZr
gJhnK.

dkok Fe'j gzikp dk rtoBo L

1635 Jh;th ~ 20 ;kb dh T[wo ftZu dkok Fe'j gzikp ns/ w[bskB dk rtoBo pfDnk. fJj Fkj
ijkB dk tZvk Ffjikdk ;h. dkok y[Zb/ v[Zb/ ;[Gk dk wkbe ;h. fcoek gq;sh s/ szr fdb o[uhnK s'I T[j d{o
ofjzdk ;h. d{i/ XowK dk nkdo eoB ~ T[j p[ok BjhI ;h ;wMdk.

dkok Fe'j B/ @;chBsb n"bhnk# Bkw dh fJZe g[;se th fbyh fi; ftZu w[;bwkB Grs iBK dk ihtB
t/otk nzfes ehsk frnk. fJ; B/ ;z;feqs dhnK eJh feskpK d/ soiw/ cko;h ftZu th eotkJ/.

dkok Fe'j d/ gzikp dk rtoBo pDB Bkb ;ko/ fJbke/ ftZu FKsh j' rJh. fe;/ ~ th nkgD/ Xow-
eow eoB dh e'Jh gkpzdh BjhI ;h ofj rJh. fJ; soQK dkok Fe'j gzikp tk;hnK bJh ;[Zy FKsh s/ y[Fjkbh b?
e/ nkfJnk.

ehos g[o ftZu r[o{ ih dhnK ;orowhnK L

ehos g[o d/ nk;-gk;, uko/ gk;/ b'eK ~ f;Zy Xow pko/ ikDekoh d/D d/ Bkb-Bkb r[o{ ;kfjp ih B/ e[ZM
;/te T[^so-gqd/F ftZu BkBe ws/ th G/i/. T[jBK B/ BkBe ws/ ~ e/Ido pDk e/ pj[s ;'jDk gquko ehsk. fJ; Bkb
f;Zyh dk x/ok pj[s tZX frnk. fpjko, pzrkb ns/ nk;kw ftZu th f;Zy ;/te, f;Zyh dh y[Fp{ tzv oj/ ;B.
fJ; soQK f;Zy Xow d/ gquko bJh ehosg[o th T[;/ soQK dk tZvk e/Ido pD frnk fit/I r[o{ noiB ;kfjp ih
d/ ;w/I ;qh nzfwqs;o ;h.

i'sh i's ;wkT[Dk L

1634 d/ nyhob/ fdBK ftZu r[o{ ih ehos g[o fty/ nkJ/ ;B. fJE/ T[jBK B/ nkgD/ ihtB d/ g{o/ d;
;kb brk d/ Xow gquko d/ ekoiK ~ B/go/ ukfVQnk. nDfrDs b'eK d/ ihtB ~ ;cb pDkT[Id/ j'J/ nkgD/ g'so/
jfo okfJ ih ~ ;Zst/I r[o{ Ekg e/ nkg 3 wkou 1644 Jh;th ~ (n?stko tkb/ fdB 49 ;kb dh T[wo ftZu)
i'sh i's ;wk rJ/.

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