Technical Data

RTDs
Temperature Versus Resistance-100RTD

=0.003850//C

Temperature Versus Resistance-100RTD

C
-200
-190
-180
-170
-160
-150
-140
-130
-120
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0

0
18.52
22.83
27.10
31.34
35.54
39.72
43.88
48.00
52.11
56.19
60.26
64.30
68.33
72.33
76.33
80.31
84.27
88.22
92.16
96.09
100.00

-1

-2

-3

-4

-5

-6

-7

-8

-9

-10

22.40
26.67
30.91
35.12
39.31
43.46
47.59
51.70
55.79
59.85
63.90
67.92
71.93
75.93
79.91
83.87
87.83
91.77
95.69
99.61

21.97
26.24
30.49
34.70
38.89
43.05
47.18
51.29
55.38
59.44
63.49
67.52
71.53
75.53
79.51
83.48
87.43
91.37
95.30
99.22

21.54
25.82
30.07
34.28
38.47
42.63
46.77
50.88
54.97
59.04
63.09
67.12
71.13
75.13
79.11
83.08
87.04
90.98
94.91
98.83

21.11
25.39
29.64
33.86
38.05
42.22
46.36
50.47
54.56
58.63
62.68
66.72
70.73
74.73
78.72
82.69
86.64
90.59
94.52
98.44

20.68
24.97
29.22
33.44
37.64
41.80
45.94
50.06
54.15
58.23
62.28
66.31
70.33
74.33
78.32
82.29
86.25
90.19
94.12
98.04

20.25
24.54
28.80
33.02
37.22
41.39
45.53
49.65
53.75
57.82
61.88
65.91
69.93
73.93
77.92
81.89
85.85
89.80
93.73
97.65

19.82
24.11
28.37
32.60
36.80
40.97
45.12
49.24
53.34
57.41
61.47
65.51
69.53
73.53
77.52
81.50
85.46
89.40
93.34
97.26

19.38
23.68
27.95
32.18
36.38
40.56
44.70
48.83
52.93
57.01
61.07
65.11
69.13
73.13
77.12
81.10
85.06
89.01
92.95
96.87

18.95
23.25
27.52
31.76
35.96
40.14
44.29
48.42
52.52
56.60
60.66
64.70
68.73
72.73
76.73
80.70
84.67
88.62
92.55
96.48

18.52
22.83
27.10
31.34
35.54
39.72
43.88
48.00
52.11
56.19
60.26
64.30
68.33
72.33
76.33
80.31
84.27
88.22
92.16
96.09

C
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200

0
100.00
103.90
107.79
111.67
115.54
119.40
123.24
127.08
130.90
134.71
138.51
142.29
146.07
149.83
153.58
157.33
161.05
164.77
168.48
172.17
175.86

1
100.39
104.29
108.18
112.06
115.93
119.78
123.63
127.46
131.28
135.09
138.88
142.67
146.44
150.21
153.96
157.70
161.43
165.14
168.85
172.54
176.22

2
100.78
104.68
108.57
112.45
116.31
120.17
124.01
127.84
131.66
135.47
139.26
143.05
146.82
150.58
154.33
158.07
161.80
165.51
169.22
172.91
176.59

3
101.17
105.07
108.96
112.83
116.70
120.55
124.39
128.22
132.04
135.85
139.64
143.43
147.20
150.96
154.71
158.45
162.17
165.89
169.59
173.28
176.96

4
101.56
105.46
109.35
113.22
117.08
120.94
124.78
128.61
132.42
136.23
140.02
143.80
147.57
151.33
155.08
158.82
162.54
166.26
169.96
173.65
177.33

5
101.95
105.85
109.73
113.61
117.47
121.32
125.16
128.99
132.80
136.61
140.40
144.18
147.95
151.71
155.46
159.19
162.91
166.63
170.33
174.02
177.69

6
102.34
106.24
110.12
114.00
117.86
121.71
125.54
129.37
133.18
136.99
140.78
144.56
148.33
152.08
155.83
159.56
163.29
167.00
170.70
174.38
178.06

7
102.73
106.63
110.51
114.38
118.24
122.09
125.93
129.75
133.57
137.37
141.16
144.94
148.70
152.46
156.20
159.94
163.66
167.37
171.07
174.75
178.43

8
103.12
107.02
110.90
114.77
118.63
122.47
126.31
130.13
133.95
137.75
141.54
145.31
149.08
152.83
156.58
160.31
164.03
167.74
171.43
175.12
178.79

9
103.51
107.40
111.29
115.15
119.01
122.86
126.69
130.52
134.33
138.13
141.91
145.69
149.46
153.21
156.95
160.68
164.40
168.11
171.80
175.49
179.16

10
103.90
107.79
111.67
115.54
119.40
123.24
127.08
130.90
134.71
138.51
142.29
146.07
149.83
153.58
157.33
161.05
164.77
168.48
172.17
175.86
179.53

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78

RTDs

C
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
600
610
620
630
640
650

0
179.53
183.19
186.84
190.47
194.10
197.71
201.31
204.90
208.48
212.05
215.61
219.15
222.68
226.21
229.72
233.21
236.70
240.18
243.64
247.09
250.53
253.96
257.38
260.78
264.18
267.56
270.93
274.29
277.64
280.98
284.30
287.62
290.92
294.21
297.49
300.75
304.01
307.25
310.49
313.71
316.92
320.12
323.30
326.48
329.64

1
179.89
183.55
187.20
190.84
194.46
198.07
201.67
205.26
208.84
212.41
215.96
219.51
223.04
226.56
230.07
233.56
237.05
240.52
243.99
247.44
250.88
254.30
257.72
261.12
264.52
267.90
271.27
274.63
277.98
281.31
284.63
287.95
291.25
294.54
297.81
301.08
304.34
307.58
310.81
314.03
317.24
320.43
323.62
326.79

2
180.26
183.92
187.56
191.20
194.82
198.43
202.03
205.62
209.20
212.76
216.32
219.86
223.39
226.91
230.42
233.91
237.40
240.87
244.33
247.78
251.22
254.65
258.06
261.46
264.86
268.24
271.61
274.96
278.31
281.64
284.97
288.28
291.58
294.86
298.14
301.41
304.66
307.90
311.13
314.35
317.56
320.75
323.94
327.11

3
180.63
184.28
187.93
191.56
195.18
198.79
202.39
205.98
209.56
213.12
216.67
220.21
223.74
227.26
230.77
234.26
237.74
241.22
244.68
248.13
251.56
254.99
258.40
261.80
265.20
268.57
271.94
275.30
278.64
281.98
285.30
288.61
291.91
295.19
298.47
301.73
304.98
308.23
311.45
314.67
317.88
321.07
324.26
327.43

4
180.99
184.65
188.29
191.92
195.55
199.15
202.75
206.34
209.91
213.48
217.03
220.57
224.09
227.61
231.12
234.61
238.09
241.56
245.02
248.47
251.91
255.33
258.74
262.14
265.53
268.91
272.28
275.63
278.98
282.31
285.63
288.94
292.24
295.52
298.80
302.06
305.31
308.55
311.78
314.99
318.20
321.39
324.57
327.74

=0.003850//C
5
181.36
185.01
188.66
192.29
195.91
199.51
203.11
206.70
210.27
213.83
217.38
220.92
224.45
227.96
231.47
234.96
238.44
241.91
245.37
248.81
252.25
255.67
259.08
262.48
265.87
269.25
272.61
275.97
279.31
282.64
285.96
289.27
292.56
295.85
299.12
302.38
305.63
308.87
312.10
315.31
318.52
321.71
324.89
328.06

6
181.72
185.38
189.02
192.65
196.27
199.87
203.47
207.05
210.63
214.19
217.74
221.27
224.80
228.31
231.82
235.31
238.79
242.26
245.71
249.16
252.59
256.01
259.42
262.82
266.21
269.59
272.95
276.30
279.64
282.97
286.29
289.60
292.89
296.18
299.45
302.71
305.96
309.20
312.42
315.64
318.84
322.03
325.21
328.38

7
182.09
185.74
189.38
193.01
196.63
200.23
203.83
207.41
210.98
214.54
218.09
221.63
225.15
228.66
232.17
235.66
239.13
242.60
246.06
249.50
252.93
256.35
259.76
263.16
266.55
269.92
273.29
276.64
279.98
283.31
286.62
289.93
293.22
296.50
299.78
303.03
306.28
309.52
312.74
315.96
319.16
322.35
325.53
328.69

8
182.46
186.11
189.75
193.37
196.99
200.59
204.19
207.77
211.34
214.90
218.44
221.98
225.50
229.02
232.52
236.00
239.48
242.95
246.40
249.85
253.28
256.70
260.10
263.50
266.89
270.26
273.62
276.97
280.31
283.64
286.95
290.26
293.55
296.83
300.10
303.36
306.61
309.84
313.06
316.28
319.48
322.67
325.84
329.01

9
182.82
186.47
190.11
193.74
197.35
200.95
204.55
208.13
211.70
215.25
218.80
222.33
225.85
229.37
232.87
236.35
239.83
243.29
246.75
250.19
253.62
257.04
260.44
263.84
267.22
270.60
273.96
277.31
280.64
283.97
287.29
290.59
293.88
297.16
300.43
303.69
306.93
310.16
313.39
316.60
319.80
322.98
326.16
329.32

10
183.19
186.84
190.47
194.10
197.71
201.31
204.90
208.48
212.05
215.61
219.15
222.68
226.21
229.72
233.21
236.70
240.18
243.64
247.09
250.53
253.96
257.38
260.78
264.18
267.56
270.93
274.29
277.64
280.98
284.30
287.62
290.92
294.21
297.49
300.75
304.01
307.25
310.49
313.71
316.92
320.12
323.30
326.48
329.64

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79

Technical Data

RTDs
Temperature Versus Resistance-100 Platinum RTD
C
-200
-190
-180
-170
-160
-150
-140
-130
-120
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
C
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170

0
17.14
21.46
25.80
30.12
34.42
38.68
42.91
47.11
51.29
55.44
59.57
63.68
67.77
71.85
75.91
79.96
83.99
88.01
92.02
96.02
100.00
0
100.00
103.97
107.93
111.88
115.81
119.73
123.64
127.54
131.42
135.30
139.16
143.01
146.85
150.67
154.49
158.29
162.08
165.86

=0.003916//C

Temperature Versus Resistance-100 Platinum RTD

-1

-2

-3

-4

-5

-6

-7

-8

-9

-10

21.03
25.37
29.69
33.99
38.26
42.49
46.69
50.87
55.02
59.16
63.27
67.36
71.44
75.51
79.56
83.59
87.61
91.62
95.62
99.60
1
100.40
104.37
108.32
112.27
116.20
120.12
124.03
127.93
131.81
135.68
139.55
143.39
147.23
151.06
154.87
158.67
162.46
166.24

20.59
24.93
29.26
33.56
37.83
42.07
46.27
50.45
54.61
58.74
62.86
66.96
71.04
75.10
79.15
83.19
87.21
91.22
95.22
99.20
2
100.80
104.76
108.72
112.66
116.59
120.51
124.42
128.32
132.20
136.07
139.93
143.78
147.61
151.44
155.25
159.05
162.84
166.62

20.16
24.50
28.83
33.13
37.41
41.64
45.85
50.04
54.19
58.33
62.45
66.55
70.63
74.70
78.75
82.79
86.81
90.82
94.82
98.81
3
101.19
105.16
109.11
113.06
116.99
120.91
124.81
128.71
132.59
136.46
140.32
144.16
148.00
151.82
155.63
159.43
163.22
166.99

19.73
24.07
28.40
32.70
36.98
41.22
45.43
49.62
53.78
57.92
62.04
66.14
70.22
74.29
78.34
82.38
86.41
90.42
94.42
98.41
4
101.59
105.56
109.51
113.45
117.38
121.30
125.20
129.09
132.98
136.84
140.70
144.55
148.38
152.20
156.01
159.81
163.60
167.37

19.29
23.63
27.97
32.28
36.55
40.80
45.01
49.20
53.36
57.50
61.63
65.73
69.81
73.88
77.94
81.98
86.01
90.02
94.02
98.01
5
101.99
105.95
109.90
113.84
117.77
121.69
125.59
129.48
133.36
137.23
141.09
144.93
148.76
152.58
156.39
160.19
163.97
167.75

18.86
23.20
27.53
31.85
36.13
40.38
44.59
48.78
52.95
57.09
61.21
65.32
69.41
73.43
77.53
81.58
85.60
89.62
93.62
97.61
6
102.38
106.35
110.30
114.24
118.16
122.08
125.98
129.87
133.75
137.62
141.47
145.31
149.15
152.96
156.77
160.57
164.35
168.12

18.43
22.76
27.10
31.42
35.70
39.95
44.17
48.37
52.53
56.68
60.80
64.91
69.00
73.07
77.13
81.17
85.20
89.22
93.22
97.21
7
102.78
106.74
110.69
114.63
118.56
122.47
126.37
130.26
134.14
138.00
141.86
145.70
149.53
153.35
157.15
160.95
164.73
168.50

18.00
22.33
26.67
30.99
35.27
39.53
43.75
47.95
52.12
56.26
60.39
64.50
68.59
72.66
76.72
80.77
84.80
88.82
92.82
96.81
8
103.18
107.14
111.09
115.02
118.95
122.86
126.76
130.65
134.52
138.39
142.24
146.08
149.91
153.73
157.53
161.33
165.11
168.88

17.57
21.90
26.24
30.56
34.85
39.10
43.33
47.53
51.70
55.85
59.98
64.09
68.18
72.26
76.32
80.36
84.40
88.42
92.42
96.42
9
103.57
107.53
111.48
115.42
119.34
123.25
127.15
131.04
134.91
138.77
142.63
146.46
150.29
154.11
157.91
161.70
165.48
169.25

17.14
21.46
25.80
30.12
34.42
38.68
42.91
47.11
51.29
55.44
59.57
63.68
67.77
71.85
75.91
79.96
83.99
88.01
92.02
96.02
10
103.97
107.93
111.88
115.81
119.73
123.64
127.54
131.42
135.30
139.16
143.01
146.85
150.67
154.49
158.29
162.08
165.86
169.63

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80

RTDs

C
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500

0
169.63
173.38
177.13
180.86
184.58
188.29
191.99
195.67
199.35
203.01
206.66
210.30
213.93
217.54
221.15
224.74
228.32
231.89
235.45
238.99
242.53
246.05
249.56
253.06
256.55
260.02
263.49
266.94
270.38
273.80
277.22
280.63
284.02

1
170.00
173.76
177.50
181.23
184.95
188.66
192.36
196.04
199.71
203.38
207.02
210.66
214.29
217.90
221.51
225.10
228.68
232.25
235.80
239.35
242.88
246.40
249.91
253.41
256.89
260.37
263.83
267.28
270.72
274.15
277.56
280.96
284.36

2
170.38
174.13
177.88
181.61
185.32
189.03
192.73
196.41
200.08
203.74
207.39
211.03
214.65
218.26
221.87
225.46
229.04
232.60
236.16
239.70
243.23
246.75
250.26
253.76
257.24
260.72
264.18
267.63
271.06
274.49
277.90
281.30
284.69

3
170.76
174.51
178.25
181.98
185.70
189.40
193.09
196.78
200.45
204.11
207.75
211.39
215.01
218.63
222.23
225.81
229.39
232.96
236.51
240.05
243.58
247.10
250.61
254.11
257.59
261.06
264.52
267.97
271.41
274.83
278.24
281.64
285.03

4
171.13
174.88
178.62
182.35
186.07
189.77
193.46
197.14
200.81
204.47
208.12
211.75
215.37
218.99
222.59
226.17
229.75
233.31
236.87
240.41
243.94
247.46
250.96
254.46
257.94
261.41
264.87
268.31
271.75
275.17
278.58
281.98
285.37

5
171.51
175.26
179.00
182.72
186.44
190.14
193.83
197.51
201.18
204.84
208.48
212.11
215.74
219.35
222.94
226.53
230.11
233.67
237.22
240.76
244.29
247.81
251.31
254.80
258.29
261.75
265.21
268.66
272.09
275.51
278.92
282.32
285.71

=0.003916//C
6
171.88
175.63
179.37
183.09
186.81
190.51
194.20
197.88
201.55
205.20
208.85
212.48
216.10
219.71
223.30
226.89
230.46
234.03
237.58
241.11
244.64
248.16
251.66
255.15
258.63
262.10
265.56
269.00
272.44
275.86
279.26
282.66
286.05

7
172.26
176.01
179.74
183.47
187.18
190.88
194.57
198.25
201.91
205.57
209.21
212.84
216.46
220.07
223.66
227.25
230.82
234.38
237.93
241.47
244.99
248.51
252.01
255.50
258.98
262.45
265.90
269.35
272.78
276.20
279.61
283.00
286.39

8
172.63
176.38
180.12
183.84
187.55
191.25
194.94
198.61
202.28
205.93
209.57
213.20
216.82
220.43
224.02
227.61
231.18
234.74
238.28
241.82
245.35
248.86
252.36
255.85
259.33
262.79
266.25
269.69
273.12
276.54
279.95
283.34
286.72

9
173.01
176.75
180.49
184.21
187.92
191.62
195.31
198.98
202.64
206.30
209.94
213.56
217.18
220.79
224.38
227.96
231.53
235.09
238.64
242.17
245.70
249.21
252.71
256.20
259.67
263.14
266.59
270.03
273.46
276.88
280.29
283.68
287.06

10
173.38
177.13
180.86
184.58
188.29
191.99
195.67
199.35
203.01
206.66
210.30
213.93
217.54
221.15
224.74
228.32
231.89
235.45
238.99
242.53
246.05
249.56
253.06
256.55
260.02
263.49
266.94
270.38
273.80
277.22
280.63
284.02
287.40

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81

Technical Data

RTDs
Tolerances for a 100
Platinum RTD per IEC 751-95
Temperature
Degree
(C)
-200

Class B
(C)1 (Ohm)
1.30

0.56

1.10

Temperature vs. Resistance

10 Copper

Tolerances for a 100

Platinum RTD per ASTM E1137-97

Tolerance
1/3 Class B
(C) (Ohm)

Temperature
Degree
(C)

Class A
(C)2 (Ohm)

0.48

0.55

0.24

-200

Class B
(C)1 (Ohm)
1.1

0.47

Tolerance
1/3 Class B
(C) (Ohm)
0.92

0.47

0.20

-100

0.80

0.32

0.60

0.24

0.35

0.14

-100

0.67

0.27

0.50

0.20

0.30

0.12

0.30

0.12

0.10

0.04

0.15

0.06

0.25

0.10

0.08

0.03

0.13

0.05

100

0.80

0.30

0.60

0.23

0.35

0.13

100

0.67

0.25

0.50

0.19

0.30

0.11

200

1.30

0.48

1.10

0.40

0.55

0.20

200

1.1

0.40

0.92

0.34

0.47

0.17

300

1.80

0.64

1.60

0.57

0.75

0.27

300

1.5

0.54

1.34

0.48

0.64

0.23

400

2.30

0.79

2.10

0.72

0.95

0.33

400

1.9

0.66

1.76

0.61

0.81

0.28

500

2.80

0.93

2.60

0.87

1.15

0.38

500

2.4

0.78

2.18

0.73

0.98

0.33

600

3.30

1.06

3.10

1.00

1.35

0.43

600

2.8

0.88

2.60

0.84

1.15

0.37

Notes: C=(.3+.005*[t])
1

C=(.15+.002*[t])

Notes: C=(.25+.0042*[t])

Tolerance Values as Function

of Temperature for a 100 RTD
per IEC 751 (1983)

C=(.13+.0017*[t])

Tolerance Values as Function

of Temperature for a 100 RTD
per ASTM E1137

4.0

2.0

3.0

3.0

2.5

2.5

Temperature vs. Resistance

120 Nickel

Resistance (ohms)
6.331
6.722
7.111
7.499
7.886
8.272
8.657
9.042
9.427
9.812
10.198
10.583
10.968
11.353
11.738
12.124
12.509
12.894
13.279
13.664
14.050
14.435
14.820

Temperature (C)
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100

Resistance (ohms)
86.16
92.76
99.41
106.15
113.00
120.00
127.17
134.52
142.06
149.80
157.75
165.90
174.27
182.85
191.64
200.64

Temperature (C)
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260

Resistance (ohms)
209.85
219.29
228.95
238.84
248.95
259.30
269.89
280.77
291.95
303.45
315.31
327.54
340.14
353.14
366.53
380.31

Temperature vs. Resistance

120 Nickel
400
350

1.5
2.0

2.5

C)
B(
C) lass

(
B
ss 1/3 C
Cla
)
s B(
( )
Clas
ss B
a
l
C
1 /3
A (C )
C la s s

C
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5

Class A

-100

100

200
C

300

400

1.0

1/3

Cla

2.0
16.0

1.5
A(C)
Class B()
s
Cla s
)
ss B(
1/3 Cla
Class A()

0.5
0
-200

Temperature vs. Resistance

10 Copper per SAMA RC21-4-1973

1.5

0.5

0
600

ss

C
B(
ss

1.0

()

500

Cla

C)
B(

-100

100

200

300

400

500

14.0

1.0

300
Resistance ()

3.0

250
200
150

12.0
100

0.5
0
600

Resistance ()

3.5

0
-200

Temperature (C)
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150

Class A
(C)2 (Ohm)

0.38

RTDs

10.0
50
8.0
0
-50

6.0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Temperature (C)

4.0
2.0
0
-100

-50

50

100

150

200

Temperature (C)

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83

Technical Data

RTDs
Bridge Network Connections

Thermocouple Wire Size and Resistance Table

FIGURE C

FIGURE A

EXCITATION

LEAD RESISTANCE

EXCITATION
Rc

Ra

Rc

LEAD RESISTANCE
OUTPUT

OUTPUT

RTD

RTD
Rb

Rb

FOUR WIRE RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE DEVICE

TWO WIRE RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE DEVICE

FIGURE B

FIGURE D

ISA Type T
Copper/
Constantan
0.0186
0.0455
0.0735
0.117
0.1874
0.2991
0.4751
0.7526
1.204
1.9159
3.0431

ANSWER: 3 x .5894 = 1.7682 ohms

20 x .1466 = 2.932 ohms
Total
4.7002 ohms

ISA Type N
Nicrosil/
Nisil
0.0485
0.1225
0.1947
0.3100
0.4926
0.7812
1.2498
1.980
3.164
5.039
8.000

ISA Type S
PT-PT
10% RH
0.011
0.028
0.045
0.071
0.116
0.185

ISA Type R
PT-PT
13%RH
0.011
0.029
0.047
0.073
0.119
0.190

0.464
0.740

0.478
0.760

1.85

1.91

NOTE: Type S and R utilize extension lead wire type Copper/Copper 11.
Type B utilizes extension lead wire type Copper/Copper.

Rc

Rc
OUTPUT

LEAD RESISTANCE

80

LEADS

RTD

OUTPUT
RTD

ISA Type E
Chromel/
Constantan
0.0437
0.1099
0.1752
0.2775
0.4454
0.7030
1.1206
1.78
2.836
4.512
7.169

Thermocouple EMF Versus Temperature

Ra

Ra

ISA Type J
Iron/
Constantan
0.2185
0.0533
0.085
0.136
0.218
0.349
0.544
0.878
1.405
2.235
3.551

Resistance in Ohms per Double Foot at 68 F. For explanation

of how to use this table, see Example:
EXAMPLE: What is the external resistance to my instrument if
I use a 20 gauge Chromel/Alumel thermocouple 3 feet long
and 14 gauge Chromel/Alumel lead wire 20 feet in length?

EXCITATION
EXCITATION

ISA Type K
Chromel/
Alumel
0.0365
0.0916
0.1466
0.2331
0.3706
0.5894
0.9368
1.4901
2.3811
3.768
5.984

Diameter
Inches
0.1285
0.0808
0.0641
0.0508
0.0403
0.0320
0.0253
0.0201
0.0159
0.0126
0.0100

AWG No
8
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30

SWITCHING NETWORK

Ra

Thermocouples

70

Rb

Rb

60

K
FOUR WIRE RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE DEVICE

Millivolts

THREE WIRE RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE DEVICE

50

40

30

R
S

20

B
10

2400

2300

2200

2100

2000

1900

1800

1700

1600

1500

1400

1300

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

Temperature (C)

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85

Technical Data

Thermocouples
Thermocouple Characteristics Table

SP
SN

Generic
Names
Copper
Constantan, Nominal
Composition: 55% Cu, 45% Ni
Iron
Constantan, Nominal
Composition: 55% Cu, 45% Ni
Chromel, Nominal
Composition: 90% Ni, 10% Cr
Constantan, Nominal
Composition: 55% Cu, 45% Ni
Chromel, Nominal
Composition: 90% Ni, 10% Cr
Alumel, Nominal
Composition:
95% Ni, 2% Mn, 2% Al
Nicrosil, Nominal
Compositions: 84.6% Ni,
14.2% Cr, 1.4% Si
Nisil, Nominal
Composition: 95.5% Ni,
4.4% Si, 1% Mg
Platinum 10% Rhodium
Pure Platinum

RP
RN

C*

ANSI/ASTM
T

Symbol
Single
TP
TN
JP
JN
EP
EN

KP
KN

NP
NN

Tolerance of Thermocouples

Color Coding
Overall Jacket
Individual
Extension
Conductor
Grade Wire
Blue
Blue
Red
White
Red

Black

Purple

Purple

Magnetic
Yes/No
X
X
X
X
X

Red
Yellow

Environment
(Bare Wire)
Mild Oxidizing, Reducing.
Vacuum or Inert. Good where moisture is present.

Reducing Vacuum, Inert.

Limited use in oxidizing at High Temperatures.
Not recommended for low temps.
Oxidizing or Inert. Limited
use in Vacuum or Reducing.

X
Yellow

Red

Orange

ANSI/ASTM
T

Clean Oxidizing and Inert.

Limited use in Vacuum or Reducing.

Clean Oxidizing and Inert.

Limited use in Vacuum or Reducing.

Orange

Red

Black
Red

Green

X
X

Platinum 13% Rhodium

Pure Platinum

Black
Red

Green

X
X

BP
BN

Platinum 30% Rhodium

Platinum 6% Rhodium

Gray
Red

Gray

X
X

P
N

Tungsten 5% Rhenium
Tungsten 26% Rhenium

Green
Red

Red

X
X

Blue
Red
White
Red
Purple
Red
Yellow
Red
Orange
Red

Brown

R or S
B
C*

Oxidizing or Inert Atmospheres.

Do not insert in metal tubes.
Beware of contamination.
Oxidizing or Inert Atmospheres.
Do not insert in metal tubes.
Beware of contamination.
Oxidizing or Inert Atmospheres.
Do not insert in metal tubes.
Beware of contamination.
Vacuum, Inert, Hydrogen
Atmospheres. Beware of Embrittlement.

J
E
K
N

TP (+)
TN (-)
JP (+)
JN (-)
EP (+)
EN (-)
KP (+)
KN (-)
NP (+)
NN (-)

Copper
Constantan
Iron
Constantan
Chromel
Constantan
Chromel
Alumel
Nicrosil
Nisil

Temperature Range
-200 to -67
-67 to -62
-62 to 125
125 to 133
133 to 370
0 to 275
275 to 293
293 to 760
-200 to -170
-170 to 250
250 to 340
340 to 870
-200 to -110
-110 to 0
0 to 275
275 to 293
293 to 1260
0 to 275
275 to 293
293 to 1250
0 to 600
600 to 1480
870 to 1700
0 to 426
426 to 2315

C
Standard
1.5% T
1
1
1
0.75% T
2.2
2.2
0.75% T
1% T
1.7
1.7
0.5% T
2% T
2.2
2.2
2.2
0.75% T
2.2
2.2
0.75% T
1.5
0.25% T
0.5% T
4.4
1% T

Special
0.8% T*
0.8% T*
0.5
0.4% T
0.4% T
1.1
0.4% T
0.4% T
1*
1*
0.4% T
0.4% T

1.1
0.4% T
0.4% T
1.1
0.4% T
0.4% T
0.6
0.1% T
0.25%

Temperature Range
-328 to -88
-88 to -80
-80 to 257
257 to 272
272 to 700
32 to 527
527 to 560
560 to 1400
-328 to -274
-274 to 482
482 to 644
644 to 1600
-328 to -166
-166 to 32
32 to 527
527 to 560
560 to 2300
32 to 527
527 to 560
560 to 2300
32 to 1112
1112 to 2700
1600 to 3100
32 to 800
800 to 4200

F
Standard
1.5% (T-32)
1.8
1.8
1.8
0.75% (T-32)
3.96
3.96
0.75% (T-32)
1% (T-32)
3.06
3.06
0.5% (T-32)
2% (T-32)
3.96
3.96
3.96
0.75% (T-32)
3.96
3.96
0.75% (T-32)
2.7
0.25% (T-32)
0.5% (T-32)
8
1% (T-32)

Special
0.8% (T-32)*
0.8% (T-32)*
0.9 *
0.4% (T-32)
0.4% (T-32)
1.98
0.4% (T-32)
0.4% (T-32)
1.8*
1.8*
0.4% (T-32)
0.4% (T-32)

1.98
0.4% (T-32)
0.4% (T-32)
1.98
0.4% (T-32)
0.4% (T-32)
1.08
0.1% (T-32)
0.25% (T-32)

1.8
4.0
3.0
4.0
4.0
9.0
9.0
7.6
6.7
0.110 mV

0.9
2.0
1.8
2.0
2.0

Tolerances of Thermocouple Extension Wire

TX
JX
EX
KX
NX
SX
RX
BX1
B2
C

Thermocouple Extension Wire Characteristics

T

Thermocouples

Brown

-60
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to

100
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
100
200

1.0
2.2
1.7
2.2
2.2
5.0
5.0
4.2
3.7
0.110 mV

0.5
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.1

-75
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32

to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to

200
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400

Special tolerance grade compensating extension wires are not available.

Proprietary alloy compensating extension wire is available for use over a wide temperature range.
2
Special compensating extension wires are not necessary with Type B over the limited temperature range 0 to 50 C (32 to 125 F), where the use of non-compensated
(copper/copper) conductors introduces no significant error. For a somewhat larger temperature gradient of 0 to 100 C (32 to 210 F) across the extension portion of the circuit, the
use of non-compensated (copper/copper) extension wires may result in small errors, the magnitude of which will not exceed the tolerance values given in the table above for
measurements above 100 C (1800 F).
*Special tolerances below 0 C (32 F) are unofficial and are provided as a basis of discussion between Conax and our customers.
Type C was previously designated as W5.

Brown
Brown
Brown

*Type C was previously designated as W5.

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87

Technical Data

General Information
Temperature Conversion Chart

Common Thermometry Fixed Points

Enter the table in the center column of bold face type marked Temp with the temperature either Celsius or Fahrenheit that you
wish to convert into the other scale. If converting from Fahrenheit to Celsius, the equivalent temperature will be found in the
column to the left, and if converting from Celsius to Fahrenheit, the equivalent temperature will be found in the column to the right.

Fixed Points from the Practical International

Temperature Scale ITS-90

Celsius=5/9(F-32)
C
-17.8
-17.2
-16.7
-16.1
-15.6
-15.0
-14.4
-13.9
-13.3
-12.8
-12.2
-11.7
-11.1
-10.6
-10.0
-9.4
-8.9
-8.3
-7.8
-7.2
-6.7
-6.1
-5.6
-5.0
-4.4
-3.9
-3.3
-2.8
-2.2
-1.7
-1.1
-0.6
0.0
0.6
1.1
1.7
2.2
2.8
3.3
3.9
4.4
5.0
5.6
6.1
6.7
7.2

Temp
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45

F
32.0
33.8
35.6
37.4
39.2
41.0
42.8
44.6
46.4
48.2
50.0
51.8
53.6
55.4
57.2
59.0
60.8
62.6
64.4
66.2
68.0
69.8
71.6
73.4
75.2
77.0
78.8
80.6
82.4
84.2
86.0
87.8
89.6
91.4
93.2
95.0
96.8
98.6
100.4
102.2
104.0
105.8
107.6
109.4
111.2
113.0

Fahrenheit=9/5(C)+32

C Temp F
7.8
46 114.8
8.3
47 116.6
8.9
48 118.4
9.4
49 120.2
10.0 50 122.0
10.6 51 123.8
11.1 52 125.6
11.7 53 127.4
12.2 54 129.2
12.8 55 131.0
13.3 56 132.8
13.9 57 134.6
14.4 58 136.4
15.0 59 138.2
15.6 60 140.0
16.1 61 141.8
16.7 62 143.6
17.2 63 145.4
17.8 64 147.2
18.3 65 149.0
18.9 66 150.8
19.4 67 152.6
20.0 68 154.4
20.6 69 156.2
21.1 70 158.0
21.7 71 159.8
22.2 72 161.6
22.8 73 163.4
23.3 74 165.2
23.9 75 167.0
24.4 76 168.8
25.0 77 170.6
25.6 78 172.4
26.1 79 174.2
26.7 80 176.0
27.2 81 177.8
27.8 82 179.6
28.3 83 181.4
28.9 84 183.2
29.4 85 185.0
30.0 86 186.8
30.6 87 188.6
31.1 88 190.4
31.7 89 192.2
32.2 90 194.0
32.8 91 195.8

Kelvin=C+273.15

C Temp
F
33.3
92
197.6
33.9
93
199.4
34.4
94
201.2
35.0
95
203.0
35.6
96
204.8
36.1
97
206.6
36.7
98
208.4
37.2
99
210.2
37.8 100 212.0
43.3 110 230.0
48.9 120 248.0
54.4 130 266.0
60.0 140 284.0
65.6 150 302.0
71.1 160 320.0
76.7 170 338.0
82.2 180 356.0
87.8 190 374.0
93.3 200 392.0
98.9 210 410.0
100.0 212 413.6
104.4 220 428.0
110.0 230 446.0
115.6 240 464.0
121.1 250 482.0
126.7 260 500.0
132.2 270 518.0
137.8 280 536.0
143.3 290 554.0
148.9 300 572.0
154.4 310 590.0
160.0 320 608.0
165.6 330 626.0
171.1 340 644.0
176.7 350 662.0
182.2 360 680.0
187.8 370 698.0
193.3 380 716.0
198.9 390 734.0
204.4 400 752.0
210.0 410 770.0
215.6 420 788.0
221.1 430 806.0
226.7 440 824.0
232.2 450 842.0
237.8 460 860.0

Rankine=F+459.67

C Temp F
243.3 470 878.0
248.9 480 896.0
254.4 490 914.0
260.0 500 932.0
265.6 510 950.0
271.1 520 968.0
276.7 530 986.0
282.2 540 1004.0
287.8 550 1022.0
293.3 560 1040.0
298.9 570 1058.0
304.4 580 1076.0
310.0 590 1094.0
315.6 600 1112.0
321.1 610 1130.0
326.7 620 1148.0
332.2 630 1166.0
337.8 640 1184.0
343.3 650 1202.0
348.9 660 1220.0
354.4 670 1238.0
360.0 680 1256.0
365.6 690 1274.0
371.1 700 1292.0
376.7 710 1310.0
382.2 720 1328.0
387.8 730 1346.0
393.3 740 1364.0
398.9 750 1382.0
404.4 760 1400.0
410.0 770 1418.0
415.6 780 1436.0
421.1 790 1454.0
426.7 800 1472.0
432.2 810 1490.0
437.8 820 1508.0
443.3 830 1526.0
448.9 840 1544.0
454.4 850 1562.0
460.0 860 1580.0
465.6 870 1598.0
471.1 880 1616.0
476.7 890 1634.0
482.2 900 1652.0
487.8 910 1670.0
493.3 920 1688.0

C Temp
F
498.9 930 1706.0
504.4 940 1724.0
510.0 950 1742.0
515.6 960 1760.0
521.1 970 1778.0
526.7 980 1796.0
532.2 990 1814.0
537.8 1000 1832.0
548.9 1020 1868.0
560.0 1040 1904.0
571.1 1060 1940.0
582.2 1080 1976.0
593.3 1100 2012.0
604.4 1120 2048.0
615.6 1140 2084.0
626.7 1160 2120.0
637.8 1180 2156.0
648.9 1200 2192.0
660.0 1220 2228.0
671.1 1240 2264.0
682.2 1260 2300.0
693.3 1280 2336.0
704.4 1300 2372.0
715.6 1320 2408.0
726.7 1340 2444.0
737.8 1360 2480.0
748.9 1380 2516.0
760.0 1400 2552.0
771.1 1420 2588.0
782.2 1440 2624.0
793.3 1460 2660.0
804.4 1480 2696.0
815.6 1500 2732.0
826.7 1520 2768.0
837.8 1540 2804.0
848.9 1560 2840.0
860.0 1580 2876.0
871.1 1600 2912.0
882.2 1620 2948.0
893.3 1640 2984.0
904.4 1660 3020.0
915.6 1680 3056.0
926.7 1700 3092.0
937.8 1720 3128.0
948.9 1740 3164.0
960.0 1760 3200.0

C
Temp
F
971.1 1780 3236.0
982.2 1800 3272.0
993.3 1820 3308.0
1004.4 1840 3344.0
1015.6 1860 3380.0
1026.7 1880 3416.0
1037.8 1900 3452.0
1048.9 1920 3488.0
1060.0 1940 3524.0
1071.1 1960 3560.0
1082.2 1980 3596.0
1093.3 2000 3632.0
1098.9 2010 3650.0
1104.4 2020 3668.0
1110.0 2030 3686.0
1115.6 2040 3704.0
1121.1 2050 3722.0
1126.7 2060 3740.0
1132.2 2070 3758.0
1137.8 2080 3776.0
1143.3 2090 3794.0
1148.9 2100 3812.0
1154.4 2110 3830.0
1160.0 2120 3848.0
1165.6 2130 3866.0
1171.1 2140 3884.0
1176.7 2150 3902.0
1182.2 2160 3920.0
1187.8 2170 3938.0
1193.3 2180 3956.0
1198.9 2190 3974.0
1204.4 2200 3992.0
1210.0 2210 4010.0
1215.6 2220 4028.0
1221.1 2230 4046.0
1226.7 2240 4064.0
1232.2 2250 4082.0
1237.8 2260 4100.0
1243.3 2270 4118.0
1248.9 2280 4136.0
1254.4 2290 4154.0
1260.0 2300 4172.0
1265.6 2310 4190.0
1271.1 2320 4208.0

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88

General Information

Triple Point of Hydrogen

Boiling Point of Hydrogen
Triple Point of Neon
Triple Point of Oxygen
Triple Point of Argon
Triple Point of Mercury
Triple Point of Water
Melting Point of Gallium
Freezing Point of Indium
Freezing Point of Tin
Freezing Point of Zinc
Freezing Point of Aluminum
Freezing Point of Silver
Freezing Point of Gold
Freezing Point of Copper

C
-259.35
-256.15
-248.59
-218.79
-189.34
-38.83
0.01
29.76
156.59
231.93
419.53
660.32
961.78
1064.18
1084.62

F
-434.82
-429.07
-415.47
-361.82
-308.81
-37.90
32.02
85.57
313.86
449.47
787.15
1220.58
1763.20
1947.52
1984.32

NEMA Standard Definitions

TYPE 4
Type 4 enclosures are intended for indoor or
outdoor use primarily to provide a degree of
protection against windblown dust and rain,
splashing water, hose-directed water and external
ice formation.
TYPE 4X
Type 4X enclosures are intended for indoor or
outdoor use primarily to provide a degree of
protection against corrosion, windblown dust and
rain, splashing water, hose-directed water, and
external ice formation.
TYPE 7
Type 7 enclosures are intended for use indoors in
locations classified as Class I, Groups A, B, C, or
D as defined in the National Electrical Code.

American Wire Gauge Size To Inches

American Wire
Gauge (AWG)
6/0
5/0
4/0
3/0
2/0
1/0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

Size O.D
Inches
0.5800
0.5165
0.4600
0.4096
0.3648
0.3249
0.2893
0.2576
0.2294
0.2043
0.1819
0.1620
0.1443
0.1285
0.1144
0.1019
0.0907
0.0808
0.0720
0.0641
0.0571
0.0508
0.0453
0.0403
0.0359
0.0320
0.0285
0.0253

American Wire
Gauge (AWG)
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

Size O.D
Inches
0.0226
0.0201
0.0179
0.0159
0.0142
0.0126
0.0113
0.0100
0.00893
0.00795
0.00708
0.00630
0.00561
0.00500
0.00445
0.00396
0.00353
0.00314
0.00280
0.00249
0.00222
0.00198
0.00176
0.00157
0.00140
0.00124
0.00111
0.00099

Factors and Prefixes for Forming Decimal

Multiples and Sub-Multiples for the SI Units
Factor Prefix Symbol
1012
tera
T
109
giga
G
106
mega
M
103
kilo
k
hecto
h
102

Factor Prefix Symbol

10
deka
da
10-1
deci
d
-2
10
centi
c
10-3
milli
m
10-6 micro
m

Factor
10-9
10-12
10-15
10-18

Prefix Symbol
nano
n
pico
p
femto
f
atto
a

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89

Technical Data

General Information
Corrosive Service Guide to Materials

Corrosive Service Guide to Materials

Chemical

Condition

Material

Chemical

Condition

Material

Acetic Acid

to 50% to 212 F
to 75% to 300 F
to 99% to 250 F

316 Stainless Steel

Titanium
Hastelloy C

Citric Acid

to 50% 212 F
All conc. to B.P.

316 Stainless Steel

Hastelloy C

All conc. to 212 F

304 Stainless Steel

Acetic Anhydride

All conc. to B.P.

Monel 400

All conc. to B.P.

316 Stainless Steel

Acetone

All conc. to B.P.

304 SS, Aluminum

to 212 F

304 Stainless Steel

Acetylene
Alcohol, Ethyl

304 SS, Aluminum

General Information

Copper Nitrate
Copper Sulphate
Cyanogen Gas
Dowtherm

C1018 Steel

Chemical

Condition

Material

Chemical

Condition

Material

to 37% and 150 F

Hastelloy B

Salicylic Acid

to 250 F

Nickel

70 F

304 Stainless Steel

Sodium Bicarbonate

to 20% and 212 F

304 Stainless Steel

to 800 F

304 Stainless Steel

Sodium Carbonate

to 25% and 212 F

304 Stainless Steel

Nickel Chloride

to 80% and 200 F

Hastelloy C

Sodium Chloride

Saturated to 212 F

Nickel Sulphate

25% and 125 F

304 Stainless Steel

316 Stainless Steel

Alloy 556

to 40% and 180 F

All conc. to 370 F

304 Stainless Steel

Tantalum

Sodium Fluoride

10% - 70 F

Monel 400

Muriatic Acid
Naphtha
Natural Gas

Nitric Acid

70 F 212 F

304 Stainless Steel

Aluminum Sulphate

to 25% and 212 F

to 50% and 212 F

304 Stainless Steel

316 Stainless Steel

Ethyl Acetate

to 150 F

Monel 400

Nitrobenzene

to 212 F

Carpenter 20CB3

Ammonia gas or liquid

All concentrations

304 Stainless Steel

Ferric Chloride

to 50% & B.P.

Tantalum

Oleic Acid

to 212 F

316 Stainless Steel

Sodium Peroxide

1100-1114 Aluminum

Ferric Sulphate

to 30% & B.P.

Hastelloy C

Oleum

to 70 F

316 Stainless Steel

Sodium Sulphate

to 25% and 212 F

304 Stainless Steel

All conc. to B.C.

Hastelloy C

Oxalic Acid

All conc. to 212 F

Monel 400

Sodium Sulphide

to 25% and 212 F

304 Stainless Steel

70 F
Liquid Oxygen
Elevated Temps.

C1018 Steel
304 Stainless Steel
304 Stainless Steel

Sodium Sulphite

5% to 212 F

304 Stainless Steel

Sulphur Dioxide

to 800 F

316 Stainless Steel

100% at 439 F

316 Stainless Steel

Sulphur

to 850 F
to 1600 F

316 Stainless Steel

Alloy 556

1-60%, 75-100%, 176 F

to 60% & B.P.
All conc. to 370 F

Carpenter 20CB3
Hastelloy B
Tantalum

Ammonium Hydroxide

Ether

304 Stainless Steel

Ammonium Phosphate

to 25% and 212 F

304 Stainless Steel

Ferrous Sulphate

Ammonium Nitrate

All conc. to 212 F

316 Stainless Steel

Formaldehyde

All conc. to 150 F

304 Stainless Steel

Ammonium Sulphate

All conc. to B.P.

to 45% and 212 F

316 Stainless Steel

Monel 400

Formic Acid

All conc. to 212 F

304 Stainless Steel

304 Stainless Steel

Gallic Acid

Amylacetate
Aniline

All concentrations

Freon

316 Stainless Steel

to 212 F

Gasoline or Petroleum

Oxygen

Palmitic Acid

Monel 400

Pentane

304 Stainless Steel

Phenol

304 Stainless Steel

Phosphoric Acid

304 Stainless Steel

Tannic Acid

to 212 F

304 Stainless Steel

to 212 F

316 Stainless Steel

Tartaric Acid

All conc. to 212 F

304 Stainless Steel

75% to 180 F

Hastelloy C

to 250 F

304 Stainless Steel

Potassium Carbonate

to 50% and 212 F

All conc. to B.P.

304 Stainless Steel

Hastelloy C

Barium Hydroxide

to 50% 212 F

C1018 Steel

Glycerine

304 Stainless Steel

Alloy 556

Glycerol

304 Stainless Steel

Hastelloy C

Hydrobromic Acid

40% to 65 F
48% to 212 F

Titanium
Hastelloy B

Monel 400

Hydrochloric Acid

to 37% and 150 F

Hastelloy B

316 Stainless Steel

Hydrofluoric Acid

All conc. to B.P.

Hastelloy C

Potassium Chlorate

to 25% and 212 F

316 Stainless Steel

Monel 400

Hydrogen Peroxide

to 212 F

316 Stainless Steel

Potassium Hydroxide

to 50% and B.P.

316 Stainless Steel

Copper, Aluminum

Hydrogen Sulphide

Dry to 1000 F

316 Stainless Steel

Potassium Nitrate

to 80% and 212 F

304 Stainless Steel

Iodine

to 70 F

Tantalum

Potassium Permanganate

to 50% and 75 F

Hastelloy C or Titanium

to B.P.

Aluminum, 316 SS

Potassium Sulphate

to 20% and 212 F

304 Stainless Steel

304 Stainless Steel

Pyrogallic Acid

All conc. to B.P.

304 Stainless Steel

Brines
Bromine Dry
Butane
Butylacetate

Monel 400, Hastelloy C

to 212 F
to 250 F
to 212 F

Butyl Alcohol
Calcium Chlorate

to 30% and 212 F

304 Stainless Steel

Calcium Hydroxide

to 50% and 212 F

Hastelloy C or Titanium

Ketones

Carbonic Acid

All conc. to 300 F

316 Stainless Steel

Kerosene

Carbon Dioxide

to 1300 F

304 Stainless Steel

Lactic Acid

Chlorine Gas

Moist to 212 F

Hastelloy C or Titanium

Chromic Acid

10% at 150 F

Hastelloy C

304 Stainless Steel

316 Stainless Steel

Hastelloy B

Glucose

All conc. to B.P.

316 Stainless Steel

10% & 70 F
to 90% and 215 F

Hastelloy C

Boracic Acid

Sulphuric Acid

Fused

316 Stainless Steel

25% to B.P.

Black Liquor

Sodium Nitrate

304 Stainless Steel

to 700 F

Barium Chloride

70 F

Sodium Hydroxide

Picric Acid
Potassium Bromide

to 212 F

Tantalum

Quinine Bisulphate

Dry

316 Stainless Steel

Magnesium Chloride

to 40% of 212 F

Monel 400

Quinine Sulphate

Dry

316 Stainless Steel

Magnesium Sulphate

to 50% 212 F

Monel 400

Sea Water

Toluene
Turpentine

304 Stainless Steel

Whiskey and Wine

316 Stainless Steel

Xylene

Copper

Zinc Chloride

to 25% and 130 F

All conc. to B.P.

Carpenter 20CB3
Monel 400

Zinc Sulphate

to 25% to 212 F
to 40% to B.P.

316 Stainless Steel

Hastelloy C

Monel 400

WARNING: The corrosive service material selection information provided in this table is to be used only as a guide. Thermowell application environment variations may affect
actual performance. Environment variations include process temperature, pressure, flow rate, concentration, purity and solids content. If you have questions relating to thermowell
performance in a specific application, we recommend that you contact the factory.

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90

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91

Technical Data

General Information
Speed of Response

General Information

Relative Magnitude of Pressure Differential

The purpose of the information on this page is to give you

some general guidelines in estimating the speed of response
you might expect from a thermocouple or an RTD.

a) the mass of the probe surrounding the active temperature

sensitive point
b) the thermoconductivity of materials used in manufacturing the
transducer
c) the mass and conductivity of the measured fluid
d) the velocity of the fluid over the probe

In defining any transient condition such as a temperature

change, it is important that a standard measuring point be
established to provide a basis of comparison. In temperature
transducers, the time constant is defined as the time required,
in seconds, for the temperature sensor to respond through
63.2% of the total temperature change.

From the above, it is obvious that a probe of small diameter

made of highly conductive materials will respond most rapidly
to temperature change. Since thermocouple materials will have
shorter conductive paths, a thermocouple probe will respond
more rapidly than an RTD probe of equal diameter. This is
verified by the bar charts:

The factors affecting the response rate of a temperature probe

in a fluid are:
Hundredth Seconds

3 4 5 6

Tenth Seconds

7 8 91

3 4

Vacuum Units of Measure

psia
Atmospheric Pressure
Gage
Pressure
(psig)

Absolute Pressure
Torr
mtorr
(mm Hg) (micron)

Pa
(N/m2)

14.696

760

760,000

101,292

0.193

1,000

133.28

1.93x10-5

1.00x10-3

0.133

Low Vacuum

Medium Vacuum
Atmospheric
Pressure

High Vacuum

Seconds

5 6 7 8 91

3 4

6 7 8 9 10

Absolute Vacuum

Thermocouples

Absolute
Pressure
(psia)

30 AWG Bare Wire B

24 AWG Bare Wire B
20 AWG Bare Wire B
18 AWG Bare Wire B
0.040" G
0.040" U
0.062" G
0.062" U
0.125" G
0.125" U
0.187" G
0.187" U
0.250" G
0.250" U

NPT Pipe Thread Sizes

Vacuum

Absolute
Vacuum
RTDs
0.125" Diameter

Pipe Size NPT

1/8
1/4
3/8
1/2
3/4
1
1-1/4
1-1/2
2

Pipe O.D.
0.405
0.540
0.675
0.840
1.050
1.315
1.660
1.900
2.375

0.187" Diameter
0.250" Diameter

.01

.02 .03

0.1

In determining time constants for the bar charts above, tests were
performed in still water going through an instantaneous step
change from 32 F to 212 F.
For guidelines for determining the time constant for specific
probes under other conditions, multiply the time constant from the
chart by the following factors:

0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

Condition
Factor

Still Air
20X

3 4 5 6 7 8

Air @ 10 ft/Sec.
4X

Water @ 15 ft/Sec.
.25X

DIAMETER indicated in decimals refers to standard Conax Buffalo

probe diameters. Letters G, U and B correspond with various
styles of tip configurations.

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92

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93

Custom Design Sensor Form

Conax Buffalo can custom engineer special sensors, mountings and assemblies for virtually any application, with nearly limitless
combinations of termination styles, mounting methods and sealing assemblies. Many of our original custom designs become
industry standards. Our knowledgeable sales engineers welcome the opportunity to discuss your application and recommend
solutions. Complete this form and fax a copy to 716-684-7433 or call 1-800-223-2389.
Name:
Company:
Phone:

Fax:

E-mail:

Date:

Explain your application/need or sketch your assembly:

The following information would also be helpful, but is not mandatory:

Probe Diameter:

Probe Length:

Probe Material:

Maximum Service Temperature:

Maximum Pressure:

Mounting Method:

Termination Head Type:

Environment in which the sensor will be used:

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94