Dveloppement de systmes embarqus

Automates temporiss, rseaux de Petri temporels

Franck Cassez
CNRS/IRCCyN
Nantes, France
http://www.lsv.ens-cachan.fr/aci-cortos
CNAM, Paris
Fvrier 2006
Systmes temps-rel embarqus

objectif : sret de fonctionnement des systmes embarqus de type

temps-rel
contrle/commande dun procd, ordonnancement de processus,
protocole de communication, . . .

type de sret : respect des chances temporelles

approche : utilisation de mthodes formelles

techniques mathmatiques (rigoureuses)

mthodes formelles et cycle de dveloppement

1
modlisation, spcication
modle (abstrait) de lapplication, critre de correction
2
vrication/contrle/test sur modle
model-checking, observabilit, diagnostic, contrlabilit
3
implmentation
production de code, vrication dune implmentation
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La communaut en France (non exhaustif)

LSV, ENS-Cachan
P. Bouyer, F. Laroussinie, N. Markey, . . .

VERIMAG, Grenoble
K. Altisen, S. Tripakis, . . .

LAAS, Toulouse
B. Berthomieu, F. Vernadat

LAMSADE, Paris Dauphine

B. Brard, S. Haddad

IRCCyN, Nantes
D. Lime, O.H. Roux, O. Roux, F.C.

IRISA, Rennes
C. Jard

LMI, Marseille
P. Niebert
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Collaborations avec la communaut internationale

ULB, Bruxelles, Belgique

Jean-Franois Raskin, L. Doyen, M. De Wulf, . . .

Aalborg, Danemark et Uppsala, Sude

K.G. Larsen, G. Berhmann, W. Yi, . . .

EPFL, Lausanne, Suisse

T. Henzinger

Univ. Bangalore, Inde

D. DSouza

Wiezmann Institute, Israel

. . .
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Modles pour les systmes temps-rel

automates temporiss, [Alur & Dill (1994)]

automates hybrides, [Henzinger (1996)]

rseaux de Petri temporels, [Merlin (1974)]

avantages de ces modles :

hypothse de temps-dense

description concise et naturelle des informations temporelles

descriptions modulaires/hierarchiques

thorie solide

inconvnients :

reprsentation des contraintes temporelles coteuses

analyse complexe
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Analyse des modles temporiss

vrication

thorie : [Alur & Dill (1994)]

outils :

automates temporiss : UPPAAL, KRONOS, CMC

automates hybrides : HyTech, PHAver

rseaux de Petri temporels : Romeo, Tina

observation/contrle/test

thorie :
SED [Ramadge & Wonham89]
temporiss :[Maler et al. (1995), Krichen & Tripakis (2004)]

outils : UPPAAL TiGA

optimisation

thorie : [Alur et al. (2001)][Behrmann et al. (2001)]

[Bouyer et al. (2004)]

outils : UPPAAL CORA TIME (scheduling)

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Implmentation des modles temporiss

production de code

thorie : [De Wulf et al. (2004a)] [De Wulf et al. (2004b)]

outils : Elastic
automates hybrides vers BrickOS,
smantique au plus tt

modlisation/vrication du systme complet

thorie : [Altisen & Tripakis (2005)]

outils : ceux des automates temporiss

modlisation de la plate-forme dexcution
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Examples (non exhaustif)

Philips Audio Control Protocol,

synthse dun contrleur avec Elastic

Bang & Olufsen Audio/Video Protocol,

erreur trouve avec UPPAAL

PGP,
correction prouve avec UPPAAL

ux multimedias
dbit, latence, etc

contrle de bote de vitesse

Mecel AB

alimentation lectrique dun bus de communication

Romeo

ordonnancement (et contrle) dune chane de production

synthse dun ordonnancement et implmentation en LEGO

job-shop scheduling
ordonnancement, KRONOS
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References
[Altisen & Tripakis (2005)] M. Krichen and S. Tripakis.
Implementation of timed automata : an issue of semantics or modeling ?
In FORMATS05, 2005.
[Alur & Dill (1994)] R. Alur and D. Dill.
A theory of timed automata.
Theoretical Computer Science B, 126 :183235, 1994.
[De Wulf et al. (2004a)] M. De Wulf, L. Doyen, J.-F. Raskin.
Almost ASAP Semantics : From Timed Models to Timed Implementations.
HSCC04 LNCS 2993.
[De Wulf et al. (2004b)] M. De Wulf, L. Doyen, N. Markey, J.-F. Raskin.
Robustness and Implementability of Timed Automata.
FORMATS+FTRTFT04 LNCS 3253.
[Henzinger (1996)] Thomas A. Henzinger.
The theory of hybrid automata.
In Proc. of the 11th Annual Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS96),
pages 278292, IEEE Computer Society Press, 1996.
[Merlin (1974)] P.M. Merlin.
A study of the recoverability of computing systems.
PhD thesis, University of California, Irvine, CA, 1974.
[Alur et al. (2004)] R. Alur, M, Bernadsky, and P. Madhusudan.
Optimal reachability in weighted timed games.
In Proc. 31st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming
(ICALP04), Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, 2004.
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References (cont.)
[Alur et al. (2001)] R. Alur, S. La Torre, and G. Pappas.
Optimal paths in weighted timed automata.
In Proc. 4th Int. Work. Hybrid Systems : Computation and Control (HSCC01), LNCS
2034, pp. 4962. Springer, 2001.
[Asarin & Maler (1999)] E. Asarin and O. Maler.
As soon as possible : Time optimal control for timed automata.
In Proc. 2nd Int. Work. Hybrid Systems : Computation and Control (HSCC99), volume
1569 of LNCS, pages 1930. Springer, 1999.
[Behrmann et al. (2001)] G. Behrmann, A. Fehnker, T. Hune, K. Larsen, P. Pettersson, J. Romijn, and F.
Vaandrager.
Minimum-cost reachability for priced timed automata.
In Proc. 4th Int. Work. Hybrid Systems : Computation and Control (HSCC01), LNCS
2034, pp. 147161. Springer, 2001.
[Bouyer et al. (2004)] P. Bouyer, F. Cassez, E. Fleury, K. G. Larsen.
Optimal Strategies in Priced Timed Game Automata. FSTTCS04 (LNCS 3328).
[Maler et al. (1995)] Oded Maler, Amir Pnueli, and Joseph Sifakis.
On the synthesis of discrete controllers for timed systems.
In Proc. 12th Annual Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science
(STACS95), volume 900, pages 229242. Springer, 1995.
[Krichen & Tripakis (2004)] M. Krichen and S. Tripakis.
Real-time testing with timed automata testers and coverage criteria.
In Joint conference on Formal Modelling and Analysis of Timed Systems and Formal
Techniques in Real-Time and Fault Tolerant System (FORMATS-FTRTFT04), 2004.
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References (cont.)
[Ramadge & Wonham89] P.J. Ramadge and W.M. Wonham.
The control of discrete event processes.
Proc. of IEEE, 77 :8198, 1989
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