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TETANUS GAMMA
TETANUS
IMMUNOGLOBULIN

TETANUS GAMMA FOR THE

PROPHYLAXIS AND THERAPY
OF TETANUS

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TETANUS: PATHOGENESIS

• Tetanus is a world wide present disease due to the

effect of a neurotoxin produced by clostridium tetani

• Clostridium tetani is an anaerobiotic bacteria which

forms spores; it is spred worldwide in the soil and in
the feces of horses and other animals

• Clostridium tetani is not an invasive organism

• The infection remains strictly localized in the area of

devitalized tissue ( wound, burn, injury, umbilical stump
surgical suture) into which the spores have been
introduced

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• In adverse conditions clostridium tetani forms

TETANUS: PATHOGENESIS spores which are very resistant to enviromental
conditions

• When the spores are in suitable conditions

(anaerobiosis,necrotic tissue, Calcium salts,
pyogenic infections) germination of the spores
and development of vegetative organisms which
produce toxin takes place

• Tetanus toxin goes along the nerves till it reaches

the body of the central motoneurons and from
there to the presynaptic endings where it blocks
the release of the inhibitors mediators,
consequently the nervous cell receives only
excitatory input which cause the muscular spasm

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TETANUS: CLINICAL FINDINGS

• Incubation 4-5 days-week

• Muscular spasms often involve first the area of

injury and then the muscles of the jaw and then
involve other muscles (trismus, lockjaw, spasm of
the abdominals , and involvement of the
respiratory muscles)

• dysphagia,dypnea,respiratory problems, muscle

stifness and tonic spasms

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TETANUS:PROPHYLAXIS

• Vaccine

• Passive immnoprophylaxis with human

tetanus immunoglobulin

• Proper treatment of the wounds

• antibiotics

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TETANUS GAMMA:
PROPHYLAXIS AND THERAPY
• Tetanus prophylaxis in patients with recent lesions which
may be contaminated with tetanus spores who are not
vaccinated or whose vaccination dates back more than ten
years or whose vaccination has been incomplete or
unknown

• Dosage 250 or 500 UI depending on the severity of the

lesion or in the case of late treatment (later than 24
hours) or if the patient is overweight
• When tetanus immunoglobulin is administered it is
advisable to start the vaccination injecting the vaccine in
a different body part
• In the case of clinical tetanus the dose of tetanus
immunoglobulin is 3000-6000 UI in addition to the other
treatments
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TETANUS GAMMA:THE PRODUCT

• Human hyperimmune tetanus immunoglobulin

• Virus inactivated (S/D)

• Solution for intramuscular administration

• 250 or 500 IU

• Produced from hyperimmune plasma from healthy

donors according to the international standards

• Controlled to ensure the maximum safety standards

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