Hindi Book PDF

ukxfjdrk la'kksèku dkuwu&2019
rF; ,oa okLrfodrk

izdk'kd %
foe'kZ izdk'ku
f}rh; eafty] 41 ,e,e jksM+] jkuh >kalh ekxZ]
>.Msokyk] ubZ fnYyh&110055
nwjHkk"k % 011&23536244] 23536245
bZ&esy : vimarashprakashan@gmail.com
© izdk'kd
ladyu %
vk'kqrks"k HkVukxj
nsos'k [k.Msyoky
izFke laLdj.k %
tuojh] 2020
ewY; % 25
eqnzd % ,e-ds-fizaVlZ] fnYyh&7

mk1857@gmail.com
ISBN : 978-81-935032-7-0
fo"k;&lwph
1- çLrkouk 5
2- i`"BHkwfe 13
3- ukxfjdrk (la'kksèku) dkuwu&2019 18
4- x`g ea=kh] vfer 'kkg }kjk Li"Vhdj.k ,oa vk'oklu 21
5- ikfdLrku ls foLFkkfir fgUnqvksa ds fy, iwoZorhZ O;oLFkk 27
6- ^bLykfed* ns'k&rkuk'kkgh] cgqyrkokn vkSj vkradokn 29
7- varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij laKku 32
8- lky 2016 esa la'kksèku ds ç;kl 34
9- lky 2004&2014 ds chp ikfdLrku esa fgUnqvksa ij vR;kpkj 39
10- foHkktu vkSj jkgr&iquokZl dk;Z (1947) 41
11- Hkkjr dh lafoèkku lHkk 47
12- ukxfjdrk la'kks/u dkuwu] NRC vkSj NPR 51

çLrkouk
Hkkjr dh Lora=krk ds le; dkaxl

sz lÙkk dh LokHkkfod mÙkjkfèkdkjh
FkhA ns'k dk fo'okl mls gkfly Fkk vkSj blh ds cy ij og ns'k
ds Hkfo"; ls tqM+s reke iQSlys ys jgh FkhA f}jk"Vª ds fl¼kar dks
Lohdkj dj mlds vkèkkj ij Hkkjr ds caVokjs dk iQSlyk Hkh blesa
'kkfey FkkA mlus ;g tkuus dh Hkh dksf'k'k ugha fd ns'k blls lger
gS vFkok ughaA ;gk¡ rd fd egkRek xkaèkh dh lgefr ysuk Hkh t:jh
ugha le>kA
rRdkyhu usr`Ro dh eu%fLFkfr dk fo'ys"k.k ;fn djsa rks ik;saxs
fd Lora=krk dh laHkkouk ls vfHkHkwr vfèkdka'k dkaxzsl usrk ikfdLrku
ds fuekZ.k dks xaHkhjrk ls ugha ys jgs FksA os ;g eku jgs Fks fd
Hkkoukvksa dk ;g miQku tYn gh Fke tk;sxk vkSj fLFkfr lkekU; gks
tk;sxhA os ;g Hkh ekurs Fks fd ikfdLrku dh ekax djus okys usrk
êw[kks± ds LoxZ* esa th jgs gSaA foHkktu Lohdkj djus ds ckn Hkh ;g
usrk ekurs Fks fd ikfdLrku yEcs le; rd th ugha ldsxk vkSj
varr% iwjk Hkkjr ,d gks tk;sxkA jkeeuksgj yksfg;k tSls fnXxt
lektoknh usrk rks var rd Hkkjr] ikfdLrku vkSj ckaXykns'k dks ,d
lk>k O;oLFkk esa ykus dh odkyr djrs jgsA le; us lkfcr fd;k
fd Hkze esa ftUuk ugha] Hkkjrh; usr`Ro FkkA ikfdLrku ,d dM+oh
lPpkbZ ds :i esa gekjs lkeus gS ftlus viuk lewpk rkuk&ckuk Hkkjr
fojksèk dh èkqjh ds bnZ&fxnZ cquk gSA
foHkktu dh foHkhf"kdk fgalk vkSj jDrikr dks ys dj vk;hA
6 | ukxfjdrk la'kks/u dkuwu&2019 rF; ,oa okLrfodrk
yk[kksa yksxksa dks fgalk vkSj foLFkkiu dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA blls Hkh
cM+h la[;k mu yksxksa dh Fkh tks fofHkUu dkj.kksa ls foLFkkfir ugha
gq,A blesa ,d vksj ftUuk dk oknk Fkk ftlesa mUgksaus ikfdLrku esa jg
jgs vYila[;dksa dks lqj{kk vkSj lekurk dk fo'okl fnyk;k Fkk rks
nwljh vksj bu yksxksa us vius iM+ksfl;ksa ds lkFk ihf<+;ksa iqjkus fj'rs ij
Hkjkslk fd;k vkSj [kqn dks HkkX; ds Hkjksls NksM+ fn;kA nksuksa gh
fLFkfr;ksa esa mUgsa ?kksj fujk'kk gkFk yxhA tYn gh mudh vkLFkkvksa ij
geys gksus yxs vkSj muds vfLrRo dks gh lekIr djus dh dksf'k'ksa
'kq: gks x;haA
dkaxzsl esa iVsy tSls ;FkkFkZoknh usrk tgka igys ls gh bldh
vk'kadk O;Dr dj jgs Fks ogha egkRek xk¡èkh Hkh l'kafdr FksA ia- usg:
vkSj muds lg;ksfx;ksa us Hkh oLrqfLFkfr dk vkdyu dj lekèkku dh
vksj dne c<+k;k vkSj usg:&fy;kdr le>kSrk lkeus vk;k ftlesa
nksuksa ns'kksa us vius ;gka jg jgs vYila[;dksa ds fgrksa dh j{kk djus
dh ckr dghA Hkkjr us bl le>kSrs dk ,d rjiQk ikyu fd;kA ns'k
esa iQyrk&iQwyrk eqfLye leqnk; bldk xokg gSA nwljh vksj ikfdLrku
esa lewpk lÙkk çfr"Bku gh vYila[;d fojksèk ij mrj vk;k ftldk
urhtk gS fd ikfdLrku esa vkt 1947 dh rqyuk esa fgUnqvksa dh
la[;k 10 çfr'kr Hkh ugha cphA 'ks"k 90 çfr'kr fgUnw ;k rks cykr~
erkUrfjr dj fy;s x;s] ekj fn;s x;s vFkok iyk;u djus ds fy,
foo'k gq,A ;gh fLFkfr bZlkbZ] fl[k vkSj ckS¼ leqnk;ksa dh Hkh gqbZA
ckaXykns'k ds fuekZ.k ds ckn ;g mEehn txh Fkh fd de&ls&de ogk¡
ij fgUnqvksa ij gksus okys neu ij yxke yxsxh ysfdu tYnh gh
mlus Hkh vius&vki dks bLykfed ns'k ?kksf"kr dj fn;k vkSj ,d ckj
fiQj neu pØ pkyw gks x;kA
vkadM+ksa dh ckr djsa rks foHkktu ds le; ikfdLrku esa fgUnw]
fl[k] ckS¼ vkSj tSu leqnk; ogka dh rRdkyhu dqy vkcknh dk 23
çfr'kr Fks] tks 72 o"kZ i'pkr~ ?kVdj 1-5&2 çfr'kr jg x, gSaA o"kZ
ukxfjdrk la'kks/u dkuwu&2019 rF; ,oa okLrfodrk | 7
2002 esa ikfdLrku esa 40]000 ls ?kVdj fl[kksa dh la[;k 8000 ls

uhps igqap x;h gSA blh rjg caXykns'k (1971 ls igys iwohZ
ikfdLrku) esa fgUnw vkSj ckS¼ vuq;kf;;ksa dh la[;k 1947 esa ogka
dh dqy tula[;k dk 30 çfr'kr Fkh] tks vkt 8 çfr'kr ls Hkh de
gSA blh çdkj viQxkfuLrku esa 1970 ds n'kd esa viQxku fgUnqvksa
vkSj fl[kksa dh la[;k yxHkx 7 yk[k Fkh] tks 1990 esa x`g;q¼ ds
ckn fujarj ?kVrh gqbZ vkt dsoy 3000 rd lhfer gSA
bu ns'kksa esa ^dkfiQj* vYila[;dksa dh n;uh; fLFkfr dk eq[;
dkj.k mudh èkkfeZd vkLFkk gSA etgch mRihMu ds pyrs tc muds
fy;s bu ns'kksa esa thuk vlaHko gks x;k rks ;k rks mUgsa erkUrj.k ds
fy;s ckè; gksuk iM+k vFkok os cpus ds fy, vU; ns'kksa esa iyk;u
ds fy, etcwj gq,A Hkkjr ,sls yksxksa dk LokHkkfod xarO; Fkk D;ksafd
mudh lkaLÑfrd tM+sa bl ns'k ls tqM+h FkhaA
foHkktu ds ckn cM+h la[;k esa fgUnw 'kj.kkFkhZ cu dj vk;s
ftUgsa ns'k ds fofHkUu fgLlksa esa clk;k x;kA ml le; egkRek xkaèkh
us dgk Fkk] ^,d gh Hkkjr ds vc nks VqdM+s gq, gSaA Hkkjr esa vk,
gq, yksxksa dks ukxfjdrk nsuk gekjk drZO; gSA* ;gh ckr iafMr usg:
vkSj ljnkj iVsy us Hkh dghA blhfy, fganw] fl[k] bZlkbZ] ckS¼] tSu
vkSj ikjlh 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks ukxfjdrk nsus dh uhfr Hkkjr us lnk
viukbZ gSA o"kZ 2003 esa oktis;h ljdkj us igyh ckj bls dkuwuh
:i fn;k vkSj lkiQ fd;k fd ikfdLrku vkSj ckaXykns'k ls tks fganw
'kj.kkFkhZ vk,axs mUgsa ukxfjdrk nh tk,xhA vkt vkanksyu djus okys
vusd ny ml le; bl igy dk leFkZu dj jgs FksA o"kZ 2004
vkSj 2005 esa dkaxzsl dh eueksgu ljdkj us laln esa blh fcy dks
fiQj ls ikfjr djds mldh lek;kofèk 1&1 lky ds fy, nks ckj
c<+k;hA ml le; muds lkFkh dE;qfuLV] r`.kewy dkaxzsl vkSj os lHkh
ny Fks tks vkt blds fojksèk esa cksy jgs gSaA
2003 dk dkuwu dsoy ikfdLrku vkSj ckaXykns'k ls vkus okys

fganqvksa dh ckr djrk gSA ukxfjdrk la'kksèku dkuwu 2019 esa blds
nk;js dks c<+krs gq, fganqvksa ds lkFk fl[k] ckS¼] bZlkbZ vkSj ikjlh dks
Hkh tksM+k x;k gS ftudh èkkfeZd çrkM+uk bu ns'kksa esa gksrh vk jgh gSA
,sls fganw] fl[k] bZlkbZ] ikjlh vkSj ckS¼ iaFkksa ds 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks
ukxfjdrk nsus dh O;oLFkk bl dkuwu esa gSA
ukxfjdrk la'kksèku dkuwu 2019 esa u rks Hkkjr esa fuokl dj
jgs fdlh Hkkjrh; ukxfjd dks ckgj fd;s tkus dh O;oLFkk gS vkSj
u gh fdlh ds Hkkjrh; ukxfjdrk xzg.k djus ij dksbZ jksd yxk;h
x;h gSA Hkkjrh; ukxfjd cuus ds fy;s fuf'pr 'krksaZ vkSj çfØ;kvksa
dk ikyu djuk iM+rk gS ftUgsa iwjk dj dksbZ Hkh Hkkjrh; ukxfjd cu
ldrk gSA u;s dkuwu esa bu çrkfM+r leqnk;ksa ds çfr lnk'k;rk
fn[kkrs gq, muds ukxfjdrk çkIr djus esa dsoy dqN fj;k;rsa nh x;ha
gSa vkSj bldh çfØ;k dks ljy cuk;k x;k gSA vHkh rd ,sls yksxksa
dks ukxfjdrk ikus ds fy;s fujarj 11 o"kksaZ rd Hkkjr esa fuokl djus
dh 'krZ Fkh ftls bu çrkfM+r yksxksa ds fy;s ?kVk dj 5 o"kZ fd;k x;k
gSA blh çdkj oSèk çi=kksa dh vfuok;Zrk dks Hkh f'kfFky fd;k x;k gS
D;ksafd ftu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ;g yksx viuh tku cpk dj fdlh
çdkj Hkkjr esa ços'k djrs gSa] mlesa vius lkjs nLrkost lkFk yk
lduk çk;% vlaHko gh gksrk gSA
nLrkostksa ds vHkko esa os yksx Hkkjr esa ços'k djus ds i'pkr
Hkh viuh igpku dks fNik dj jgus ds fy;s ckè; gksrs gSaA Hkz"V ra=k
mudk iwjk 'kks"k.k djrk gSA fdlh Hkh çdkj dh dkuwuh lgk;rk]
ukSdjh] fuokl] ;gk¡ rd fd Ldwyksa esa cPpksa ds ços'k ds fy;s Hkh
11 o"kZ dh çrh{kk yack dky[k.M gSA dgk tk ldrk gS fd bu
çrkfM+r cUèkqvksa ds ekuoh; ljksdkjksa dks bl u;s dkuwu }kjk lacksfèkr
fd;k x;k gSA ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd u;s dkuwu ds ckn ;g yksx
Hkkjr esa vk;saxs] ,slk ugha gSA buesa ls vfèkdka'k yksx igys ls gh
Hkkjr esa gSa fdUrq ukxfjd vfèkdkjksa ds vHkko esa igpku fNik dj
jgus vkSj ukjdh; thou thus ds fy;s foo'k gSA dqN yksx rks n'kdksa
ls ,slk gh thou th jgs gSa ftUgsa dsoy ;g larks"k gS fd os reke
lqfoèkkvksa ls oafpr jg dj Hkh viuh vkLFkkvksa dk ikyu djrs gq,
vius iqj[kksa dh èkjrh ij thfor gSA ,sls yksxksa dks ukxfjd vfèkdkj
lqfuf'pr djus rFkk vkRelEeku ds lkFk thus dk volj u;s dkuwu
}kjk fn;k x;k gSA ;g fiNys 72 o"kksaZ esa blds lkFk fd;s x;s vU;k;
vFkok ikiksa dk ifjektZu gSA
,d vPNs mís'; ls yk;s x;s bl dkuwu dk fojksèk laln ds
Hkhrj vkSj ckgj] nksuksa txg fd;k x;kA jktuSfrd nyksa us bls ys dj
ftl çdkj dh çfrfØ;k nh mlus ;g Li"V dj fn;k fd jktuSfrd
:i ls vaèk&eksnh fojksèk dks os Hkkjr fojksèk ds pjefcUnq rd ys tk
ldrs gSaA jktèkkuh fnYyh lfgr ns'k ds vusd Hkkxksa esa gq, çn'kZuksa
us fgald :i fy;kA tku&eky vkSj ljdkjh lEifÙk dk Hkkjh uqdlku
gqvkA
ukxfjdrk la'kksèku fcy 2019 dks ysdj Hkked lwpuk,a iQSyk;h
x;haA rF;ksa ls ijs eqfLye lekt dks vk'kafdr djus vkSj Mjkus okyh
lkexzh ls lks'ky ehfM;k dks ikV fn;k x;kA ns'k ds pqfuank fo'ofo|ky;
vkSj efLtnsa bu xfrfofèk;ksa dk dsUæ cuhaA Nk=kksa vkSj ;qokvksa dks
HkM+dk dj mUgsa fgalk ds fy;s çsfjr fd;k x;kA reke foi{kh ny
vjktd rRoksa ds leFkZu esa [kM+s utj vk;s ogha fdlh us Hkh fgalk
vkSj vjktdrk dh fuUnk ugha dhA
;qok Hkkoqd gksrk gS] vius vfèkdkjksa ds fy;s yM+us dks rRij
gksrk gS] vkSj tc og HkhM+ esa gksrk rks 'kfDr Hkh çkIr dj ysrk gSA
,sls le; esa mls HkM+dk dj vuFkZ vkSj vjktdrk dh vksj èkdsy
nsuk ljy gSA voljoknh jktuhfr bu ;qokvksa dks vkxs j[k dj vius
jktuSfrd fgr lkèkus dh dksf'k'k djrh gSA fiNys dqN le; ls ge
yxkrkj ,slh ?kVuk,a ns[k jgs gSa ftuesa ;qokvksa dks HkM+dkus dk dke
jktuSfrd laj{k.k ikus okys VqdM+s&VqdM+s xSax dh vxqvkbZ esa fd;k tk
jgk gSA vkbZ,lvkbZ tSlh ckgjh 'kfDr;k¡ tgka lekt esa lkEçnkf;d
tgj ?kksyus esa yxkrkj lfØ; gSa ogha jktuSfrd c<+r gkfly djus
ds fy;s fofHkUu jktusrk vkSj muds ny bu xfrfofèk;ksa esa fyIr
vjktd rRoksa dks laj{k.k nsrs gSaA bl xBtksM+ dks oSpkfjd [kkn&ikuh
nsus dk dke dfFkr okeiaFkh cqf¼thfo;ksa }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA ts,u;w]
tkfe;k] ,,e;w vkSj tknoiqj fo'ofo|ky; tSls çfrf"Br f'k{kk
laLFkku buds dsUæ cus gSaA
ns'k esa vkt tks oSpkfjd foHkze iQSyk gS mldh tM+ esa dsoy
vjktd xBtksM+ gh ugha cfYd bu cqf¼thfo;ksa dh ;g le> gS fd
1947 esa foHkktu ds ckn tkrs le; vaxzst tks VqdM+ksa esa caVk Hkkjr
dkaxzsl usr`Ro dks lkSai dj x;s ogh vafre lR; gSA ia- usg: Hkh bls
ûs'ku bu esfdax* dgrs FksA ;g lHkh ekurs Fks fd Hkkjr ,d dksjh
LysV gS ftl ij fodkl dh u;h bckjr fy[kuk mudh ftEesnkjh gS
vkSj vaxzstksa ds jktuSfrd] oSpkfjd mÙkjkfèkdkjh gksus ds ukrs mudk
vfèkdkj HkhA ;gha ls leL;k dk tUe gksrk gSA
lR; ;g gS fd Hkkjr dksbZ dksjh LysV ugha cfYd gtkjksa o"kksaZ
ds bfrgkl dks lesVs ,d thoar lH;rk gSA ;g vesfjdk dh rjg
dksbZ vkbfM;k ugha ftls yk[kksa ewy fuokfl;ksa dh gR;k djds ykxw
fd;k x;k vkSj fofHkUu ns'kksa ds chp gq, lkewfgd le>kSrs ds pyrs
tks ,d jk"Vª cuk gS] vFkok ikfdLrku dh rjg dk dksbZ ns'k Hkh ugha
ftldk tUe fdlh vkSj ns'k dh laln esa ikfjr fd;s x;s vfèkfu;e
ls gqvk gSA Hkkjr ;qxksa dh lkaLÑfrd ;k=kk ls fodflr gqvk nqfu;k¡
dk çkphure jk"Vª gS ftlds thus dk viuk rjhdk gSA
ik¡p gtkj o"kksaZ ls vfèkd ds fujarj bfrgkl esa ,d jk"Vª ds
:i esa HkkSxksfyd vkSj lkaLÑfrd igpku dks cuk;s j[kus ds fy;s
yk[kksa cfynku fn;s x;s gSaA xr 1200 o"kksaZ ds fujarj la?k"kZ esa ns'k
ds gj {ks=k us viuk ;ksxnku fd;k gSA lokZfèkd vkØe.k mÙkj if'pe
lhek dh vksj ls gq, gSa vkSj bl lhekUr ij jgus okys yksxksa us Hkkjr
dks cpk;s j[kus esa tks ;ksxnku fd;k gS mldh fo'o bfrgkl esa dksbZ
rqyuk ugha gSA mUgha j.kck¡dqjksa ds oa'kt os fgUnw fl[k gSa tks vkt
ikfdLrku esa ukjdh; thou thus ij foo'k gSa] vkSj ftuds fy;s u;s
ukxfjdrk la'kksèku foèks;d esa dqN çfØ;kxr tfVyrkvksa dks ljy
dj Hkkjr us vius drZO; dk ikyu fd;k gSA
;g lnSo Lej.k j[kuk pkfg;s fd ikfdLrku esa pkj ihf<+;ksa
rd vieku vkSj ihM+k lg dj Hkh Hkkjr dks viuh Hkwfe ekuus okys
bu fulgk;ksa ds iwoZtksa dk Hkkjr ½.kh gSA foHkktu ds ifj.kkeLo:i
ogka vfHk'kIr thou thus ds fy;s foo'k fd;s x;s bu yksxksa us
ikfdLrku dk pquko ugha fd;k FkkA foHkktu ds igys Hkh os Hkkjrh;
Fks vkSj vkt Hkh eu ls Hkkjrh; gSaA ikfdLrku mu ij Fkksik x;kA
yanu ls rhu eghus ds fy;s Hkkjr vk;s jsMfDyiQ uke ds ,d vaxzst
us Hkkjr ds ekufp=k ij yky isafly ls ,d js[kk [khap dj gtkjksa o"kksaZ
ds lkaLÑfrd lacaèkksa dh lekfIr dh ?kks"k.kk dj nhA lkaLÑfrd le>
ds Lrj ij fnokfy;k dfFkr çxfr'khy cqf¼thfo;ksa us bls vafre
lR; ds :i esa u dsoy Lohdkj fd;k vfirq tks bls Lohdkj djus
dks rS;kj ugha Fks mUgsa ykafNr djus dk vfHk;ku Hkh çkjaHk fd;kA
iz/kuea=kh ujsUæ eksnh vkt Hkkjrh; fparu ds jktuSfrd çrhd
ds :i esa fo'oiVy ij mHkjs gSaA ,sls lHkh rRo ftuds futh vkSj
jktuSfrd fgr jk"Vªh;rk ds bl mHkkj vkSj Hkkjrh; ns'kHkDr lekt
}kjk blds Lohdkj ds dkj.k [krjs esa vk x;s gSa os lHkh Hkkjrfojksèkh
bl vfHk;ku esa vk tqVs gSaA vkf[kjh gfFk;kj ds :i esa os fgalk dk
ç;ksx dj jgs gSaA os fiQj Hkwy jgs gSa fd fgalk ds cy ij bl ns'k
dks u bLyke >qdk ldk vkSj u vaxzst] blfy;s mudk ;g nkao Hkh
ckj&ckj [kkyh tk jgk gS vkSj ;gh mudh [kh> dk dkj.k gSA
Hkkjr esa f[kykiQr vkUnksyu ds lkFk gh fdlh Hkh dher ij

eqfLye leqnk; dks lkèkus dh tks çfØ;k çkjaHk gqbZ og Lora=krk ds
ckn Hkh tkjh jghA vc bldk ç;ksx vius vki dks iaFkfujis{krk dk
pSafi;u lkfcr djus ds fy;s fd;k tkus yxkA dkykUrj esa ;g vkSj
vfèkd foÑr gksdj eqfLye oksV cSad dh ,deq'r lkSnsckth ds :i
esa lkeus vk;h ftlus n'kdksa rd dkaxzsl dks lÙkk esa cus jgus esa enn
dhA iaFkfujis{krk dk ckuk vks<+s vU; nyksa dks Hkh blus vkdf"kZr
fd;kA mUgksaus dkaxzsl ds bl Fkksd oksV&cSad esa lsaèk yxkus dh dksf'k'k
'kq: dhA èkhjs&èkhjs lHkh ny oksVksa dh bl ywV esa 'kkfey gks x;s vkSj
rq"Vhdj.k ds u;s&u;s :i lkeus vkus yxsA
xr rhu n'kdksa esa ;g o`fr ohHkRlrk rd igqap x;hA bl nkSj
esa fgUnw vkLFkkvksa ds neu dks eqfLye rq"Vhdj.k ds lcwr ds :i esa
çLrqr fd;k tkus yxkA fdlh us jke eafnj vkanksyu esa dkjlsodksa ij
lhèkh xksyh&ckjh djds vius&vki dks eqfLye leFkZd fl¼ djus
dh dksf'k'k dh rks nwljs us fgUnw vkradokn dk f'kxwiQk NksM+ dj ;g
lkfcr djus dh dksf'k'k dh fd vkradokn ds uke ij dsoy
eqfLyeksa dks ugha ?ksjk tk ldrkA xksèkjk dkaM tSlh ykseg"kZd ?kVuk dks
vatke nsus okys vijkfèk;ksa dk leFkZu djus esa Hkh jktuSfrd nyksa us
ladksp ugha fd;kA bl nkSj esa fgUnw dh ckr djus okys dks
lkEçnkf;d Bgjkus vkSj ekSdk feyrs gh mls dkuwuh edM+tky esa
iQk¡l nsus dh ?kVuk,a gj Lrj ij gqbZaA
lkS lky ckn dkaxzsl fu;fr dk pØ iwjk dj f[kykiQr vkanksyu
dh Hkkafr gh rq"Vhdj.k ds mlh pØ dks nksgjkus dh dksf'k'k dj jgh
gS ftlds vfuok;Z ifj.kke ds :i esa vk;h foHkktu dh =kklnh ls
ns'k vkt rd ugha mcj ldk gSA ysfdu vkt dk Hkkjr 1947 dk
Hkkjr ugha gSA vkRefo'okl ls Hkjs Hkkjr esa vkt jk"Vªh;rk dk Tokj
fgyksjsa ys jgk gSA bls rksM+us dh dksf'k'k djus okyh 'kfDr;ksa dh
fu;fr bl Tokj esa lek tkus dh gSA
& vk'kqrks"k HkVukxj
i`"BHkwfe
neu vkSj mRihMu

fiNys dbZ n'kdksa ls ikfdLrku] ckaXykns'k vkSj viQxkfuLrku esa
èkkfeZd vYila[;dksa dk neu gks jgk gSA èkkfeZd vkèkkj ij HksnHkko
vFkok cfg"dkj ,d vR;ar 'keZukd ?kVuk gS] ftldh fdlh Hkh jk"Vª
esa ekStwnxh ogka ds ekuoh; ewY;ksa ds âkl dks n'kkZrh gSA bu rhu ns'kksa
esa vYila[;dksa ds fgrksa vkSj lEeku dh lqj{kk dk dksbZ laoSèkkfud
çkoèkku Hkh ugha gSA ikfdLrku ds çfrf"Br lekpkj&i=k ^n MkWu* dh
20 ekpZ] 2015 dh ,d [kcj ds vuqlkj] fiNys lky ikfdLrku esa
fganw yM+fd;ksa ds tcju èkeZ ifjorZu ds 265 ekeys lkeus vk, FksA
blfy, bu ns'kksa ds fgUnw] fl[k] tSu] ckS¼] ikjlh vkSj bZlkbZ èkeksaZ ds
yksx viuh lqj{kk ,oa csgrj thou ds fy, Hkkjr esa 'kj.k ysrs gSA
ikfdLrku esa vYila[;d leqnk;ksa dh ckfyx&ukckfyx yM+fd;ksa
dk vigj.k dj nq"deZ dh ?kVuk,a rhozrk ls c<+rh tk jgh gSA mudk
tcju èkeZ ifjorZu Hkh djok;k tkrk gSA flracj 2019 esa flaèk ds
?kksVdh ftys esa uezrk pkanuh tksfd fpfdRlk foKku dh Nk=kk Fkh dh
nq"deZ ds ckn gR;k dj nh xbZA iqfyl vkSj ç'kklu nksuksa us
nq"dfeZ;ksa dks cpkus dk gjlaHko ç;kl fd;kA gksyh ls ,d fnu
igys blh ftys ls nks fganw ukckfyx yM+fd;ksa dk vigj.k dj
cyiwoZd mudk èkeZ ifjofrZr dj fn;k x;kA nksuksa dh tcjnLrh
'kknh Hkh djk nh xbZA flaèk çkUr esa fgUnw es?kokj leqnk; dh cM+h
vkcknh jgrh gSA ;gka dh nks ukckfyx yM+fd;ksa jhuk es?kokj (12)
vkSj johuk es?kokj (14) dk vigj.k fd;k x;kA ,d vU; fganw

yM+dh lksfu;k Hkhy dks Hkh ehjiqj [kkl ls xk;c dj fn;k x;kA ^n
MkWu* ds vuqlkj% ikfdLrku ds mejdksV ftys esa tcju èkeZ ifjorZu
dh djhc 25 ?kVuk,a gj eghus gksrh gSA vxj ,d ftys esa gj fnu
,slk gksrk gS] rks vanktk yxk;k tk ldrk gS fd vU; LFkkuksa dh D;k
fLFkfr gksxh!
èkkfeZd dê~Vjrk] pjeiaFk vkSj vkradokn
ckaXykns'k vkSj viQxkfuLrku esa Hkh vYila[;dksa ds lkFk
nqO;Zogkj dh leku [kcjsa lkeus vkrh jgrh gSA njvly] ;g rhuksa
ns'k èkkfeZd dê~Vjrk] pjeiaFk vkSj vkradokn ls xzflr gSA fiQygky
viQxkfuLrku esa 6] ckaXykns'k esa 14 vkSj ikfdLrku esa 53 [krjukd
vkradoknh lewg lfØ; gSA lkFk gh jktuSfrd vfLFkjrk vkSj
fuf"Ø;rk us gkykr dks vlkekU; cuk fn;k gSA gkyk¡fd] Hkkjr
ljdkj us igys dbZ ckj bu vYila[;dksa dh j{kk dk ekeyk
lEcafèkr ns'kksa ds lkeus mBk;k gS] ysfdu og ges'kk vi;kZIr jgkA
Hkkjr esa 'kj.k
;wih, ljdkj us 2014 esa vkfèkdkfjd :i ls crk;k] ^^lky
2013 esa 1]11]754 ikfdLrkuh ukxfjd ohtk ysdj Hkkjr vk;s FksA
gkyk¡fd] èkeZ ds vkèkkj ij mudk oxhZdj.k fiQygky laHko ugha gS
ysfdu cM+h la[;k esa fgUnw vkSj fl[k ohtk dh vofèk [kRe gksus ij
Hkh Hkkjr esa jg jgs gSA** ;g rF; pkSdkus okyk gS] blls lkiQ irk
pyrk gS fd ikfdLrkuh vYila[;d okil tkuk ugha pkgrsA
foMEcuk ;g Fkh fd ;gk¡ muds lkFk voSèk fonsf'k;ksa vFkok foLFkkfirksa
tSlk O;ogkj fd;k tkrk FkkA D;ksafd rduhdh rkSj ij bu foLFkkfirksa
ds ikl Hkkjr dh ukxfjdrk gkfly djus dk dksbZ Bksl nLrkost
miyCèk ugha gksrk FkkA ,d rjiQ bu ikfdLrkuh vYila[;dksa dks
tcju èkeZ ifjorZu] ujlagkj] cykRdkj vkSj laifÙk;ksa ij voSèk dCtk
lguk djuk iM+kA tc bu lcls cpdj mUgksaus Hkkjr dh vksj #[k

fd;k] rks ;gk¡ mUgsa f'k{kk] LokLF; vkSj nwljh ewyHkwr lqfoèkk,¡ ugha
fey ldrh FkhA
çèkkuea=kh ujsUæ eksnh dk Hkjkslk
;g ekeyk ekuokfèkdkjksa ls tqM+k gqvk gS] blfy, çèkkuea=kh
ujsUæ eksnh vkSj muds eaf=keaMy us ;g r; fd;k Fkk fd bu rhu ns'kksa
ds vYila[;dksa dh lqj{kk Hkkjr ljdkj dks lqfuf'pr djuh gksxhA
,d lPpkbZ ;g Hkh gS fd bu ihfM+rksa dks nqfu;k ds fdlh Hkh ns'k
esa vkJ; ugha fey ldrk] D;ksafd mu ns'kksa ds vius dkuwuh çfrcaèk
gSA mudh ,dek=k mEehn Hkkjr ls gS] D;ksafd bu rhu ns'kksa ds lkFk
gekjs ,sfrgkfld lkaLÑfrd vkSj lkekftd lacaèk jgs gSA blfy,] ;g
Hkkjr dh uSfrd ftEesnkjh gS fd bu foLFkkfirksa dks lEeku vkSj xoZ
ds lkFk thou thus dk vfèkdkj feys] ftlds ;g yksx gdnkj gSaA
çèkkuea=kh ujsUæ eksnh us tulHkk dks lacksfèkr djrs gq, dgk]
^^gekjh ljdkj flfVtu vesaMesaV fcy ij Hkh vkxs c<+ jgh gSA ;s
fcy Hkkoukvksa vkSj yksxksa dh ftanfx;ksa ls tqM+k gqvk gSA iwjs fo'o esa
;fn dgha Hkh eka Hkkjrh esa vkLFkk j[kus okys fdlh csVs&csVh dks
çrkfM+r fd;k tk,xk] rks og dgka tk,xk\ D;k mlds ikliksVZ dk jax
gh ns[kk tk,xk\ D;k [kwu dk dksbZ fj'rk ugha gksrk gS\ eq>s mEehn
gS fd ;g fcy tYn gh laln ls ikl gksxk vkSj Hkkjr ekrk esa vkLFkk
j[kus okys lHkh yksxksa ds fgrksa dh j{kk gksxhA**
(flypj] 4 tuojh] 2019)
dkuwu ds lUnHkZ esa Hkze
dsaæ ljdkj us viuk oknk iwjk Hkh fd;k vkSj vkt bu rhu
ns'kksa ds vYila[;d Hkkjr ds ukxfjd cu ldrs gSA ns'k Hkj esa
ukxfjdrk dkuwu ds lacaèk esa ppkZ py jgh gS vkSj xyriQgeh ds
f'kdkj yksx fgald vkanksyu ij mrj vk, gSaA dqN jktuSfrd ny

vkSj eksnh fojksèkh bls volj ekudj yksxksa dks HkM+dkus dh dksf'k'k
dj jgs gSaA blfy, okLrfodrk lkiQ djuk t:jh gSA lcls igys ;g
Li"V gksuk pkfg, fd ukxfjdrk la'kksèku fcy&2019 vkSj jk"Vªh;
ukxfjd jftLVj nksuksa vyx fo"k; gSaA vkt bu nksuksa fo"k;ksa dks
feykdj vYila[;d leqnk; esa Hk; dk ekgkSy iSnk djus dh
dksf'k'k gks jgh gSA yksxksa esa >wBk Mj iSnk fd;k x;k gS fd vc bu
lkjs dneksa ls eqlyekuksa dk laj{k.k lekIr gks tk,xk vkSj mUgsa ckgjh
?kksf"kr fd;k tk,xkA blls cM+k >wB jktuhfr esa vkt rd dHkh Hkh
eafMr ugha fd;k x;kA
Hkkjr dk foHkktu&ikfdLrku ls vk;s fgUnqvksa vkSj flD[k dks
ukxfjdrk
ckaXykns'k vkSj ikfdLrku nksuksa foHkktu ds le; Hkkjr dk
fgLlk FksA ,d tekus esa viQxkfuLrku ds fgUnqdq'k rd Hkkjr dh
lhek,a yxrh FkhA ikfdLrku vkSj ckaXykns'k dks èkeZ ds vkèkkj ij
vyx fd;k x;k vkSj Hkkjr ls vYila[;d eqlyeku ckaXykns'k vkSj
ikfdLrku esa x,A mlh nkSjku ogka ls fganw cM+h la[;k esa Hkkjr vk,A
'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks Hkkjr esa clk;k x;kA ml le; egkRek xkaèkh us 12
tqykbZ] 1947 dks dgk Fkk] ^^ftUgsa ikfdLrku ls fudkyk x;k gS] os
Hkkjr ds ukxfjd gS vkSj mudk tUe Hkkjr dh lsok ,oa mlds oSHko
dks c<+kus ds fy, gqvk gSA** mu fnuksa Hkkjr vk, yk[kksa 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa
dks ukxfjdrk Hkh nh xbZA tokgjyky usg: us iQjhnkckn] ikuhir]
lksuhir vkSj fnYyh dh cfLr;ksa esa fgUnw 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks clk;k FkkA
ukxfjdrk dkuwu dh okLrfodrk
vkt ikfdLrku] viQxkfuLrku vkSj ckaXykns'k rhuksa ?kksf"kr bLykfed
ns'k gSaA blfy, ogka eqlyekuksa dh èkkfeZd çrkM+uk dk loky ugha
mBrkA ,d ç'u vkt yksx iwNrs gSa fd eqlyekuksa ds lkFk HksnHkko
D;ksa\ bldk mÙkj gS fd eqlyeku ds lkFk dksbZ HksnHkko ugha gks jgk
gS vkSj u gksxkA vkt ns'k ds tks ukxfjd gSa muesa ls ,d Hkh
eqlyeku dks dksbZ rdyhiQ ;k vlqfoèkk ugha gksxh vkSj u mldh
ns'kHkfDr ij dksbZ vk'kadk mBsxhA ;g ç'u Hkkjr ds ukxfjdksa dk gS
gh ughaA bldk lacaèk rhu ns'kksa ls vk, gq, 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ls gSA
nqfu;k esa dksbZ Hkh ns'k ukxfjdrk vklkuh ls ugha nsrkA gj ns'k
ds vius dkuwu gSa vkSj gj ns'k esa voSèk ?kqliSfB;ksa dh igpku dj
mUgsa okil Hkstk tkrk gSA ;g izfØ;k nqfu;k Hkj esa viukbZ tkrh gSA
Hkkjr us Hkh tc ogh uhfr viukbZ rks ml ij vkifÙk djrs gSaA vkSj
vHkh rks ,uvkjlh (NRC) dh :ijs[kk Hkh lkeus ugha vkbZ gSA vHkh
ls fookn iSnk djuk nqHkkZX;iw.kZ vkSj jktuhfr ls çsfjr gSA vkèkkj dkMZ
dh 'kq#vkr gqbZ rks dbZ yksx dgrs Fks fd xjhc dgka ls dkxt
yk,xk\ igpku dSls crk,xk\ dgka ls çfØ;k iwjh dj ldsxk\ vkt
10 lky ckn ge ns[k jgs gSa fd Hkkjr ds yxHkx lHkh ukxfjdksa us
vkèkkj dkMZ çkIr dj fy;k gSA vk'kadk mBkus okyksa ls T;knk
gksf'k;kjh ls lkekU; turk dke djrh gS] ;gh bldk vFkZ gSA vHkh
dsoy ukxfjdrk la'kksèku dkuwu vk;k gSA ,uvkjlh dh dsoy ppkZ
gSA ftls ysdj fdlh Hkh Hkkjrh; ukxfjd dks Mjus vFkok lEHkzfer
gksus dh t:jr ugha gSA
ukxfjdrk (la'kksèku) dkuwu&2019
yksdlHkk vkSj jkT; lHkk ls eatwjh

laln esa ;g foèks;d laoSèkkfud] yksdrkfU=kd vkSj ikjn'khZ
çfØ;k ds ekè;e ls ikfjr gqvkA
l ukxfjdrk (la'kksèku) foèks;d 2019 dks x`g ea=kh vfer
'kkg us 9 fnlacj] 2019 dks yksdlHkk esa is'k fd;kA bl
nkSjku lnu ds lHkh nyksa ds 48 lnL;ksa us vius fopkj
j[ksA var esa ernku fd;k x;k] ftlesa foèks;d ds i{k esa
311 vkSj fojksèk esa 80 oksV iM+s FksA vr% ;g yksdlHkk esa
cgqer ls ikfjr gks x;kA
l foèk;sd dks 11 fnlEcj] 2019 dks x`g ea=kh vfer 'kkg
}kjk jkT; lHkk ds le{k j[kk x;kA ;gk¡ lnu ds lHkh nyksa
ds 44 lnL;ksa us viuk er j[kkA jkT; lHkk esa Hkh ernku
fd;k x;k] ftlesa foèks;d ds i{k esa 125 vkSj fojksèk esa
105 oksV feysA vr% ;gk¡ Hkh ;g cgqer ds lkFk ikfjr
gks x;kA
l Hkkjr ds jk"Vªifr jkeukFk dksfoan us 12 fnlacj] 2019 dks
bl foèks;d ij gLrk{kj fd;sA bl çdkj ;g ukxfjdrk
(la'kksèku) dkuwu&2019 cu x;kA
dkuwu ds eq[; va'k
;g dkuwu fliQZ ikfdLrku] viQxkfuLrku vkSj ckaXykns'k ds
èkkfeZd vYila[;dksa ds fy, gS] blls Hkkjrh; ukxfjdksa dh ukxfjdrk

ij dksbZ vlj ugha gksxkA
l bl dkuwu dk lEcUèk ikfdLrku] ckaXykns'k vkSj viQxkfuLrku
esa èkkfeZd vYila[;dksa dks Hkkjrh; ukxfjdrk çnku djus
ls gSA blds vuqlkj] viQxkfuLrku] ckaXykns'k vkSj ikfdLrku
ds fgUnw] fl[k] ckS¼] tSu] ikjlh vkSj bZlkbZ /eks± ls
lEcafèkr O;fDr;ksa dks Hkkjr ljdkj voSèk foLFkkfir ugha
ekusxhA
l mijksDr èkeksaZ ds vuq;k;h tks 31 fnlEcj] 2014 rd
vFkok mlls igys Hkkjr vk pqds gS] rks og Hkkjrh;
ukxfjdrk ikus ds ik=k gksaxsA
l bl dkuwu esa Hkkjrh; ukxfjdrk çnku djus ds fy,
vko';d 11 o"kZ rd Hkkjr esa jgus dh 'krZ esa <hy nh
x;h gSA vc ;g vofèk dsoy 5 o"kZ dh gksxhA
l blds çkoèkku v#.kkpy çns'k] fetksje vkSj ukxkySaM ij
ykxw ugha gksaxsA ;g jkT; buj ykbu ijfeV (ILP) ds nk;js
esa vkrs gSaA
l ukxfjdrk (la'kksèku) dkuwu vle] es?kky;] fetksje vkSj
f=kiqjk ds vkfnoklh cgqy bykdksa (ftUgsa lafoèkku dh NBh
vuqlwph ds rgr ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gS) ij Hkh ykxw
ugha gksxkA
ukxfjdrk dkuwu vkSj la'kksèku
ukxfjdrk dkuwu esa igys Hkh ukS la'kksèku fd;s tk pqds gS]
ftlesa ls igys vkB dkaxzsl dh dsaæ ljdkjksa us fd;s gSA
l igyk la'kksèku&27 fnlacj] 1957 (çèkkuea=kh tokgjyky
usg:] dkaxzsl)
l nwljk la'kksèku&26 fnlacj] 1960 (çèkkuea=kh tokgjyky
usg:] dkaxzsl)
l rhljk la'kksèku&7 fnlacj] 1985 (çèkkuea=kh jktho xk¡èkh]
dkaxlsz )
l pkSFkk la'kksèku&15 ebZ] 1986 (çèkkuea=kh jktho xk¡èkh]
dkaxlsz )
l ikapok la'kksèku&1 tqykbZ] 1987 (çèkkuea=kh jktho xk¡èkh]
dkaxlsz )
l NBk la'kksèku&10 fnlacj] 1992 (çèkkuea=kh ih-oh- ujflEgk
jko] dkaxzsl)
l lkroka la'kksèku&3 fnlacj] 2004 (çèkkuea=kh eueksgu
flag] dkaxzsl)
l vkBok¡ la'kksèku&28 twu] 2005 (çèkkuea=kh eueksgu flag]
dkaxlsz )
l uoka la'kksèku&6 tuojh] 2015 (çèkkuea=kh] ujsUæ eksnh]
Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ)
x`g ea=kh] vfer 'kkg }kjk

Li"Vhdj.k ,oa vk'oklu
og 10 ç'u] ftuds tokc tkuuk csgn t#jh gSA

1- dkuwu dh t#jr D;ksa\
^^;g fcy dHkh laln esa u vkrk] vxj Hkkjr dk caVokjk u
gqvk gksrkA caVokjs ds ckn tks ifjfLFkfr;ka vkbZa] muds lekèkku
ds fy, eSa ;g fcy vkt yk;k gwaA fiNyh ljdkjsa lekèkku
ykbZ gksrha] ns'k dk foHkktu u gqvk gksrk vkSj èkeZ ds vkèkkj
ij u gqvk gksrk] rks Hkh ;g fcy u ykuk gksrkA**
2- ikfdLrku esa vYila[;d cuke Hkkjr ds vYila[;d
^ûsg:&fy;kdr le>kSrs ds rgr nksuksa i{kksa us LohÑfr nh fd
vYila[;d lekt ds yksxksa dks cgqla[;dksa dh rjg lekurk
nh tk,xhA muds O;olk;] vfHkO;fDr vkSj iwtk djus dh
vktknh Hkh lqfuf'pr dh tk,xhA ;g oknk vYila[;dksa ds
lkFk fd;k x;k ysfdu ogka yksxksa dks pquko yM+us ls Hkh jksdk
x;kA mudh la[;k yxkrkj de gksrh jgh vkSj ;gka jk"Vªifr]
mijk"Vªifr] phiQ tfLVl tSls dbZ mPp inksa ij vYila[;d
jgsA ;gka (Hkkjr esa) vYila[;dksa dk laj{k.k gqvkA**
3- iaFkfujis{k dkuwu
^^foi{k dk è;ku fliQZ bl ckr ij gS fd eqfLye dks D;ksa
ugha ysdj vk jgs gSa\ vkidh iaFkfujis{krk fliQZ eqfLyeksa ij

vkèkkfjr gksxh\ ysfdu gekjh iaFkfujis{krk fdlh ,d èkeZ ij
vkèkkfjr ugha gS! bl fcy esa muds fy, O;oLFkk dh xbZ gS tks
iM+kslh ns'kksa esa èkkfeZd vkèkkj ij çrkfM+r fd, tk jgs gSaA ,sls
yksxksa dks ;gka dh ukxfjdrk nsdj ge mudh leL;k dks nwj
djus ds ç;kl dj jgs gSaA vkt ujsUæ eksnh th tks fcy yk,
gSa] mlesa fuHkhZd gksdj 'kj.kkFkhZ dgsaxs fd gka ge 'kj.kkFkhZ gSa]
gesa ukxfjdrk nhft, vkSj ljdkj ukxfjdrk nsxhA**
4- Hkkjrh; ukxfjdksa dks Mjus dh t#jr ugha
^^Hkkjr esa jgus okys fdlh Hkh vYila[;d dks] fo'ks"kdj
eqfLye Hkkb;ksa vkSj cguksa dks Mjus dh t:jr ugha gSA bl
fcy ls fdlh dh ukxfjdrk fNuus ugha tk jgh gSA bl ns'k
ds x`g ea=kh ij lHkh dk Hkjkslk gksuk pkfg,] fiQj os cgqla[;d
gks ;k vYila[;dA**
5- fliQZ rhu ns'kksa ds vYila[;dksa dks ukxfjdrk D;ksa\
^^tc bafnjk th us 1971 esa ckaXykns'k ds 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks
Lohdkjk] rc Jhyadk ds 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks D;ksa ugha LohdkjkA
leL;kvksa dks mfpr le; ij gh lqy>k;k tkrk gSA bls
jktuhfrd jax ugha nsuk pkfg,A**
6- vuqPNsn&14 dk guu ugha
^^vuqPNsn&14 esa tks lekurk dk vfèkdkj gS og ,sls dkuwu
cukus ls ugha jksdrk tks jhtuscy DykflfiQds'ku ds vkèkkj ij
gSA ;gka jhtuscy DykflfiQds'ku vkt gSA ge ,d èkeZ dks gh
ugha ys jgs gSa] ge rhuksa ns'kksa ds lHkh vYila[;dksa dks ys jgs
gSa vkSj mUgsa ys jgs gSa tks èkeZ ds vkèkkj ij çrkfM+r gSaA**
7- jksfgaX;k eqlyeku D;ksa ugha\

^^tgka rd jksfgaX;k dk loky gS rks os yksx lhèks gekjs ns'k esa
ugha vkrs gSaA os igys ckaXykns'k tkrs gSa fiQj ogka ls ?kqliSB
djds vkrs gSaA jksfgaX;kvksa ij gekjk er ,dne Li"V gSA**
8- mÙkj&iwohZ jkT;ksa dh lqj{kk
^êSa flfDde vkSj ukWFkZ bZLV ds yksxksa dks vk'oLr djuk pkgrk
gwa fd vkfVZdy&371 dks bl fcy dh otg ls dksbZ fnDdr
ugha gksxhA ge dgha ls Hkh bl vkfVZdy dks ugha gVkus tk jgs
gSaA ge vle le>kSrs dk iwjh rjg ikyu djsaxsA vle dh
laLÑfr dh j{kk djuk gekjk drZO; gS vkSj ge bls iwjk
djsaxsA**
9- Hkzked çpkj ls cps
^^bl fcy esa eqlyekuksa dk dksbZ vfèkdkj ugha tkrkA ;s
ukxfjdrk nsus dk fcy gS] ukxfjdrk ysus dk fcy ugha gSA eSa
lcls dguk pkgrk gwa fd Hkzked çpkj esa er vkb,A bl fcy
dk Hkkjr ds eqlyekuksa dh ukxfjdrk ls dksbZ lacaèk ugha gSA**
10- dkaxzsl dh ikfdLrkuh tqxycanh
^^dkaxzsl ds usrkvksa ds c;ku vkSj ikfdLrku ds usrkvksa ds
c;ku dbZ ckj ?kqyfey tkrs gSaA ikfdLrku ds ih,e bejku
[kku us dy tks c;ku fn;k vkSj tks c;ku vkt lnu esa dkaxzsl
ds usrkvksa us fn, os ,d leku gSaA vkfVZdy&370] ,;jLVªkbd]
d'ehj vkSj ukxfjdrk la'kksèku foèks;d ij ikfdLrku ds
usrkvksa vkSj dkaxzsl ds usrkvksa ds c;ku ,d leku gSaA dkaxzsl
ds usrkvksa ds c;ku dks ikfdLrku ds çèkkuea=kh bejku [kku us
;w,u esa dksV fd;kA ikfdLrku esa fgUnw&fl[k yM+fd;ksa dk
tcju èkeZ ifjorZu djk;k tkrk gSA viQxkfuLrku esa Hkh

vYila[;dksa ds f[kykiQ blh rjg ds tqYe fd, x,A**
Hkkjrh; eqlyekuksa vkSj mÙkj&iwohZ jkT;ksa esa dqizpkj
yksdrkaf=kd ns'k esa dksbZ fdlh Hkh dkuwu dk fojksèk dj ldrk
gS] ysfdu vHkh rks fojksèk ds cgkus fgalk vfèkd gks jgh gSA blh
dkj.k loky mB jgs gS fd vkf[kj ;g fojksèk gks jgk gS ;k fiQj
vjktdrk iQSykbZ tk jgh gS\
l laln ls ukxfjdrk la'kksèku foèks;d ds ikfjr gksus vkSj
mlds dkuwu dk :i ysus ds ckn ns'k dk ekgkSy ;dk;d
cny x;kA bldk ns'k ds dbZ fgLlksa esa fojksèk gksus yxkA
if'pe caxky vkSj fnYyh esa rks fojksèk ds uke ij cM+s
iSekus ij vkxtuh vkSj rksM+iQksM+ ns[kus dks feyhA bl
fgalk esa ljdkjh vkSj xSj ljdkjh laifÙk dks Hkkjh uqdlku
igqapk;k x;kA
l ukxfjdrk dkuwu dksbZ u;k dkuwu ugha gSA blesa rks la'kksèku
dj ;g O;oLFkk Hkj dh xbZ gS fd ckaXykns'k] ikfdLrku
vkSj viQxkfuLrku esa èkkfeZd vkèkkj ij mRihM+u ds
f'kdkj mu vYila[;dksa dks r; çfØ;k ds rgr ukxfjdrk
nh tk,xh tks 31 fnlacj] 2014 ds igys Hkkjr vk pqds
gSA dsoy vYila[;dksa dks blhfy, 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS]
D;ksafd ckaXykns'k] ikfdLrku vkSj viQxkfuLrku esa bLyke
jktdh; èkeZ gSA
l gkykafd çèkkuea=kh vkSj x`gea=kh dh vksj ls ckj&ckj ;g
dgk tk jgk gS fd ukxfjdrk dkuwu dk fdlh Hkh Hkkjrh;
ukxfjd ls dksbZ okLrk ugha vkSj ;g dkuwu rks mRihM+u ds
dkj.k Hkkjr vk, yksxksa dks ukxfjdrk nsus dk gS] u fd
fdlh dh ukxfjdrk ysus dk] fiQj Hkh fojksèk ds uke ij

fgalk dk lgkjk fy;k tk jgk gSA ftu rhu iM+kslh ns'kksa esa
mRihM+u ds f'kdkj yksxksa ds ikl Hkkjr Hkkx vkus ds
vykok ;fn dksbZ fodYi gS rks ;gh fd ;k rks os ekjs tk,a
;k fiQj viuk èkeZ R;kx nsaA D;k ;g ,d gdhdr ugha
vkSj D;k blh dkj.k ckaXykns'k] ikfdLrku esa vYila[;d
yxkrkj rsth ls de ugha gksrs tk jgs gS\
l ukxfjdrk dkuwu dk iwoksZÙkj esa tks fojksèk gks jgk gS og 'ks"k
ns'k ds fojksèk ls vyx gSA iwoksZÙkj ds yksxksa dks Hk; gS fd
iM+kslh ns'kksa ls vk, yksxksa dks ;fn ukxfjdrk feyh rks
mudh laLÑfr vkSj Hkk"kk ds fy, [krjk iSnk gks tk,xkA
,sls fdlh [krjs dh vk'kadk 'ks"k ns'k ds yksxksa dks
ugha&Hkys gh os fganw gksa ;k eqlyeku] fiQj Hkh vke
eqlyekuksa esa ;gh Mj Hkjk tk jgk gS fd ;g dkuwu muds
f[kykiQ gS ;k fiQj blls mudk vfgr gks ldrk gSA ;g
,d lkspk&le>k dqçpkj gSA ;g dqçpkj ckj&ckj ds bl
Li"Vhdj.k ds ckn Hkh tkjh gSA
l ;fn ukxfjdrk dkuwu vkSj ,uvkjlh dks ysdj lcls
T;knk vk'kadk eqfLye lekt ds chp gS rks bldk ,d
cM+k dkj.k eqfLye lekt dk usr`Ro gS tks vius yksxksa dks
lgh tkudkjh nsus ds ctk; mUgsa cjxykus vkSj muesa
vlqj{kk dh Hkkouk Hkjus dk dke dj jgk gSA
l jktuSfrd LokFkZ ds pyrs eqfLye lekt dks fdLe&fdLe
ds [krjksa dk Hk; fn[kkdj mls lM+d ij mrkjus dk dke
,d yacs vjls ls gksrk pyk vk jgk gSA ;g vHkh Hkh gks
jgk gSA tc bl vk'kadk dks nwj djus dk dke gksuk pkfg,
rc mls xgjkus dk dke fd;k tk jgk gSA ;g udkjkRed
jktuhfr rks cckZnh dk jkLrk gSA nqHkkZX; ls ;g udkjkRed

jktuhfr f'k{kk laLFkkuksa esa Hkh ns[kus dks fey jgh gSA
udkjkRed jktuhfr esa iQalk dksbZ lekt <ax ls rjDdh
ugha dj ldrkA lekt dks le`¼ djus okys f'k{kk laLFkku
vkt jktuhfrd Vdjko vkSj v'kkafr dk dsaæ cu jgs gSA
l Hkkjrh; eqlyekuksa dks ldkjkRedrk dh Mksj Fkkeus dh
t:jr gS vkSj lkFk gh ,sls [kqnxtZ usrkvksa ls [kqn dks
cpkus dh Hkh ftUgsa lekt dh de vkSj vius LokFkZ dh
fpark T;knk gSA
ikfdLrku ls foLFkkfir fgUnqvksa ds fy,

iwoZorhZ O;oLFkk
,uMh, vkSj ;wih,

vkt dkaxzsl vkSj mlds lg;ksxh ny bl dkuwu dk fojksèk dj
jgs gS] tcfd ;wih, ds le; esa Hkh ikfdLrku ls vkus okys
vYila[;dksa ds fy, dkuwu cuk;k x;k FkkA
l ,uMh, ljdkj us 28 iQjojh] 2004 vkSj ;wih, ljdkj us
27 iQjojh] 2007 dks xqtjkr vkSj jktLFkku dh jkT;
ljdkjksa dks vfèkdkj fn;k Fkk fd os ikfdLrkuh fgUnqvksa
dks ukxfjdrk çnku dj ldrh gSA
l vVy fcgkjh oktis;h ljdkj us igyh niQk bls dkuwuh
tkek iguk;k vkSj lkiQ fd;k fd ikfdLrku vkSj ckaXykns'k
ls tks fganw 'kj.kkFkhZ vk,axs mUgsa ukxfjdrk nh tk,xhA
vk'p;Z dh ckr gS fd vkt vkanksyu djus okys vusd
ny ml le; iz/kuea=kh vVy fcgkjh oktis;h dh bl
igy dk leFkZu dj jgs FksA
l mlds ckn 2004 esa dkaxzsl ds usr`Ro esa eueksgu ljdkj
cuhA mlus laln esa blh fcy dks fiQj ls ikfjr djds
mldh lek;kofèk 1 lky ds fy, c<+k nhA 2005 esa bl
dkuwu dh oSèkrk 1 lky vkSj c<+kbZ xbZA ml le; muds
lkFkh dE;qfuLV] r`.kewy dkaxzsl vkSj os lHkh ny Fks tks
vkt ukxfjdrk dkuwu ds fojksèk esa cksy jgs gSaA

l 2003 dk dkuwu dsoy ikfdLrku vkSj ckaXykns'k ls vkus
okys fganqvksa dh ckr djrk gSA vkt dk dkuwu fganw] fl[k]
ckS¼] bZlkbZ vkSj ikjlh lcdh ckr djrk gS ftudh
èkkfeZd çrkM+uk gksrh vk jgh gSA vHkh 2019 esa eksnh
ljdkj tks ukxfjdrk la'kksèku dkuwu ykbZ gS] og ikfdLrku]
ckaXykns'k vkSj viQxkfuLrku esa jgus okys mu èkkfeZd
leqnk;ksa ds fy, gS tks çrkM+uk ds f'kdkj gksrs gSaA ,sls
fganw] fl[k] bZlkbZ] ikjlh vkSj ckS¼ iaFkksa ds 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dks
ukxfjdrk nsus dh O;oLFkk bl dkuwu esa gSA ;g igys ls
T;knk O;kid gSA okLro esa] lHkh ikfVZ;ksa dks bldk Lokxr
djuk pkfg, Fkk] ysfdu jktuhfr ds dkj.k vkt dqN
foi{kh ny 2004 vkSj 2005 esa yh xbZ Hkwfedk ds
foijhr [kM+s gksrs fn[k jgs gSaA
l ,d yEch vofèk dk ohtk nsus dk çkoèkku Hkh vfLrRo
esa FkkA ;wih, esa dsaæh; x`g ea=kh (jkT;) ,e- jkepaæu us
yksdlHkk esa 18 iQjojh] 2014 dks crk;k fd yEch
vofèk dk ohtk nsus dk fu;e ikfdLrkuh fgUnw vFkok
vYila[;dksa fy, cuk;k x;k gSA vxj os vius dks
'kj.kkFkhZ ?kksf"kr djrs gS rks mUgsa Hkkjr esa jgus dh lqfoèkk
çnku dh tk,xhA blds fy, 29 fnlacj] 2011 esa fu;e
cuk;s x, vkSj 7 ekpZ] 2012 dks lHkh jkT; ljdkjksa vkSj
dsanz 'kkflr çns'kksa dks vfèklwpuk tkjh dj nh x;h FkhA
^bLykfed* ns'k&rkuk'kkgh]
cgqyrkokn vkSj vkradokn
yksdra=k ds LFkku ij 'kfj;r

l ikfdLrku ds lafoèkku 1973 ds vuqlkj og bLykfed
x.kra=k gSA ckaXykns'k ds lafoèkku esa bLyke dks LVsV
fjfytu ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gSA bLykfed fjifCyd vkWi+Q
viQxkfuLrku ds lafoèkku ds nwljs ,oa rhljs vuqPNsn esa
bLyke dks çèkkurk nh x;h gSA
l ikfdLrku] viQxkfuLrku vkSj ckaXykns'k esa jk"Vªifr] çèkkuea=kh
vFkok jk"Vªkè;{k dk eqlyeku gksuk t:jh gSA lHkh vfèkdkfj;ksa
dks bLyke ds fu;eksa ij vkèkkfjr 'kiFk dh ckè;rk gSA
jktuSfrd ny pjeiaFkh mysekvksa dh lykg ds fcuk ,d
dne ugh mBk ldrs vFkok muds f[kykiQ ugh tk
ldrsA
l vesfjdk ds ,d varjjk"Vªh; 'kksèk laLFkku ihvkjlh us 39
bLykfed ns'kksa esa ,d losZ{k.k fd;k FkkA mUgksaus eqlyekuksa
ls iwNk fd D;k os vius ns'k dks 'kfj;r dkuwu ds vuqlkj
pykuk pkgrs gS\ tokc esa viQxkfuLrku ds lHkh yksxksa
(99 çfr'kr)] ikfdLrku ds 84 çfr'kr vkSj ckaXykns'k esa
82 çfr'kr yksxksa us ekuk fd muds ;gk¡ vkfèkdkfjd
dkuwu 'kfj;r gh gksuk pkfg,A
l ikfdLrku esa dbZ lkyksa rd rkuk'kkgh jgh tcfd

viQxkfuLrku us yksdra=k ns[kk gh ugh gSA nwljk] bu ns'kksa
ds lafoèkku ls Hkh dbZ ckj NsM+[kkuh gks pqdh gS] ftls
dê~Vj èkkfeZd vkdkj fn;k x;k gSA blfy, bu ns'kksa dh
iwjh O;oLFkk dks èkeZra=k us tdM+ fy;k gSA
l ikfdLrku esa 96-28 çfr'kr] ckaXykns'k esa 90-39 çfr'kr
vkSj viQxkfuLrku esa 99 çfr'kr eqLyeku tul¡[;k gSA
(ikfdLrku vkSj ckaXykns'k ds vkadM+s vkfèkdkfjd gS] mUgsa
ogka ds lkaf[;dh foHkkx ls fy;k x;k gSA tcfd
viQxkfuLrku esa ljdkjh tux.kuk ugha gqbZ rks blds
vkadM+s ;w-,l- fMikVZesaV vkWiQ LVsV~l ds vuqlkj gS)
l ,d vU; losZ{k.k esa tc ihvkjlh us loky fd;k fd
ISIS ds ckjs esa eqlyekuksa dk D;k lkspuk gS\ blds urhts
Hkh pkSdkus okys FksA vfèkdrj ns'kksa us fgalk dks tk;t
crk;k ftlesa lcls T;knk la[;k viQxkfuLrku esa 39%
FkhA ckaXykns'k esa ,sls yksx 26% vkSj ikfdLrku esa yxHkx
13 % Fks A ISIS ,d vkra d oknh la x Bu gS tks f d
xSj&eqlyekuksa ds f[kykiQ Øwj fgalk ds fy, cnuke gSA
;g vk¡dMsa crkrs gS fd bu ns'kksa esa xSj&eqlyekuksa dk
cfg"dkj fd;k tkrk gS] ftls jktuSfrd leFkZu gkfly gSA
viQxkfuLrku] ikfdLrku vkSj ckaXykns'k esa vYila[;dksa dh
vkcknh
l la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk ds fons'k foHkkx us 2007 esa
viQxkfuLrku ij baVjus'kuy fjyhft;l izQhMe fjiksVZ
çdkf'kr dh FkhA blesa ogk¡ ds vYila[;d yksxksa ds
yxkrkj foLFkkiu ij ppkZ dh xbZ FkhA fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj]
^^;gk¡ eqf'dy ls 3]000 fgUnw vkSj fl[k jgrs gSaA dqN
lkyksa igys rd fgUnw] fl[k] ;gwnh] vkSj bZlkbZ èkeksaZ ds

yksx ;gk¡ cls gq, Fks] ysfdu rkfycku 'kklu vkSj x`g ;q¼
ds ckn vfèkdrj yksx iyk;u dj pqds gSA vc budh
dqy tula[;k esa fgLlsnkjh ,d çfr'kr ls Hkh de gSA
lkyksa ds la?k"kZ esa yxHkx 50]000 fganw vkSj fl[k yksx
'kj.k ds fy, nwljs ns'kksa esa foLFkkfir gks x, gSaA**
l foHkktu ds le; ikfdLrku esa fgUnw] fl[k] ckS¼ vkSj tSu
leqnk; ogka dh rRdkyhu dqy vkcknh dk 23 çfr'kr Fks]
tks 72 o"kZ i'pkr ?kVdj 1-5 ls 2 çfr'kr jg x, gSaA
l blh rjg ckaXykns'k (1971 ls igys iwohZ ikfdLrku) esa
fgUnw vkSj ckS¼ vuq;kf;;ksa dh la[;k 1947 esa ogka dh
dqy tula[;k dk 30 çfr'kr Fkh] tks vkt 8 çfr'kr ls
Hkh de gSA
fo'o ds lcls vlfg".kq ns'k
bu ns'kksa esa vYila[;dksa dh tehuksa ij tcju dCtk] geyk]
vigj.k] tcju èkeZ ifjorZu] eafnj rksM+uk] cykRdkj vkSj gR;k ,oa
ujlagkj tSlh ?kVuk,¡ lkeus vkrh jgrh gSaA bldk dkj.k ljdkjksa dk
vyksdrkaf=kd joS;k vkSj U;kf;d çfØ;k dk detksj gksuk gSA
l ^n VsyhxzkiQ* ds vuqlkj viQxkfuLrku fo'o dk lcls
vlfg".kq ns'k gSA (29 fnlEcj] 2016)
l v[kckj us bl lwph esa ikfdLrku dks vBkjgosa LFkku ij
j[kk gSA ckaXykns'k esa Hkh xSj&eqlyekuksa dk thou nwHkj gks
pqdk gSA
varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij laKku
la;qDr jk"Vª la?k

l Xykscy áweu jkbV~l fMiQsal ,d varjjk"Vªh; laLFkk gS
tksfd ekuokfèkdkjksa ds fy, dk;Z djrh gSA bl laLFkk us
22 flrEcj] 2018 dks la;qDr jk"Vª la?k ds ftusok fLFkr
eq[;ky; ds ckgj çn'kZu fd;kA ftldk mís'; ikfdLrku
esa èkkfeZd vYila[;d leqnk;ksa ds mRihM+u ij varjjk"Vªh;
tkx:drk iSnk djuk FkkA lSdM+ksa 'kkafriw.kZ yksxksa us bl
çn'kZu esa fgLlk fy;k FkkA mUgksaus tksj fn;k fd la;qDr
jk"Vª] ;wjksih; la?k vkSj nwljh varjjk"Vªh; laLFkkvksa dks
ikfdLrku ds èkkfeZd vYila[;dksa dh lqj{kk ij è;ku nsus
dh rRdky vko';drk gSA
;wukbVsM LVsV~l vkWiQ vesfjdk
l fiNys lky ;kfu 25 tqykbZ] 2018 dks dSfyiQksfuZ;k ls
MseksØsfVd lnL;] ,Me f'kiQ us lnu esa viuh fpark
O;Dr djrs gq, dgk] ^êSa ikfdLrku ds flaèk çkar esa
ekuokfèkdkjksa ds guu ij lnu dk è;ku vkdf"kZr djuk
pkgrk gw¡A lkyksa ls] flaèk esa jktuSfrd dk;ZdrkZvksa vkSj
èkkfeZd vYila[;dksa dks çfrfnu tcju èkeZ ifjorZu]
lqj{kk cyksa }kjk vigj.k vkSj gR;k ds [krjksa dk lkeuk
djuk iM+rk gSA**
l gokbZ ls vesfjdh laln dh lnL; vkSj ogk¡ jk"Vªifr

mEehnokj dh nkSM+ esa 'kkfey] rqylh xckMZ Hkh 21 vçSy]
2016 dks ckaXykns'k esa èkkfeZd vYila[;dksa dh fLFkfr dk
[kqyklk dj pqdh gSaA mUgksaus lnu esa dgk] ^^nqHkkZX; ls]
ckaXykns'k esa ukfLrd] èkeZ fujis{krkokfn;ksa] fgUnw] ckS¼]
vkSj vU; èkkfeZd vYila[;dksa ds f[kykiQ HksnHkko vkSj
?kkrd fgalk fu;fer ?kVuk,¡ gks pqdh gSaA**
lky 2016 esa la'kksèku ds ç;kl
tkWbaV ikfyZ;kesaVªh desVh (tsihlh)

ukxfjdrk (la'kksèku) foèk;sd&2016 esa Hkh yk;k x;k Fkk]
ftlds ckn ,d tkWbaV ikfyZ;kesaVªh desVh (tsihlh) dk Hkh xBu
gqvk FkkA mlesa loZnyksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k vkSj t#jh cnyko Hkh
lqfuf'pr fd;s x,A iwjh çfØ;k yksdrkfU=kd vkSj laoSèkkfud Fkh]
fiQj Hkh foi{kh nyksa }kjk ukxfjdrk dkuwu dk fojksèk fd;k tk jgk
gSA
l Hkkjr ljdkj o"kZ 2016 esa ukxfjdrk (la'kksèku) foèks;d
ysdj vkbZ FkhA
l x`gea=kh jktukFk flag us bls 19 tqykbZ] 2016 dks yksdlHkk
esa is'k fd;kA
l foi{k dh ekax ij bls 11 vxLr dks yksdlHkk }kjk ,d
tkWbaV ikfyZ;kesaVªh desVh (yksdlHkk vkSj jkT;lHkk) dks
Hkst fn;k x;kA vxys fnu jkT;lHkk us Hkh bl ij viuh
lgefr trkbZA
l ukxfjdrk (la'kksèku) fo/s;d ij lcls igys tsihlh dk
xBu 1955 esa gqvk FkkA
l lky 2016 ds 'khrdkyhu l=k ds igys fnu ukxfjdrk
(la'kksèku) foèks;d dks tkWbaV ikfyZ;kesaVªh desVh ds le{k
is'k fd;k x;kA
tsihlh esa yksd lHkk vkSj jkT; lHkk ds lHkh çeq[k nyksa
dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k FkkA
tkWbaV ikfyZ;kesaVªh desVh ds vè;{k jktsaæ vxzoky (esjB]
Hkktik) FksA (desVh ds vè;{k MkW- lR;iky flag Fks] ysfdu ckn esa
mUgsa dsaæh; eaf=keaMy esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k FkkA blfy, 25 fnlacj]
2017 dks jktsaæ vxzoky vè;{k cusA blds vykok gjoa'k ukjk;.k
flag 9 vxLr] 2019 dks jkT; lHkk ds milHkkifr pqus x, blfy,
mudk LFkku [kkyh jgkA)
l yksdlHkk ls Hkktik ds jeu Msdk (eaxynksbZ] vle)]
çg~ykn osadVs'k tks'kh (èkkjokM+] d.kkZVd)] dke[;k çlkn
rklk (tksjgV] vle)] xksiky fpuk;~;k 'ksê~Vh (eqacbZ&mÙkj]
egkjk"Vª) vkse fcjyk (dksVk] jktLFkku)] tqxy fd'kksj
'kekZ (tEew] tEew vkSj d'ehj)] MkW- fdjhV ih- lksyadh
(vgenkckn&if'pe] xqtjkr)] lquhy dqekj flag (prjk]
>kj[kaM)] ehuk{kh ys[kh (ubZ fnYyh] fnYyh) vkSj lq'khy
dqekj flag (vkSjaxkckn] fcgkj)
l dkaxzsl ls vèkhj jatu pkSèkjh (cgjkeiqj] if'pe caxky)
vkSj lqf"erk nso (flypj] vle)
l vkWy bafM;k vUuk æfoM+ equs=k dM+xe ls MkW- ih- os.kqxksiky
(fr#oYyqoj] rfeyukMq)
l vky bafM;k r`.kewy dkaxzsl ls lkSxr jkW; (nene] if'pe
caxky)
l chtw turk ny ls HkrZgfj egrkc (dVd] vksfM'kk)
l rsyxw ns'ke ikVhZ ls ds- jke eksgu uk;Mw (Jhdkdqye]
vkaèkz çns'k)
l f'ko lsuk ls vkuanjko vM+lwy (vejkorh] egkjk"Vª)

l rsyaxkuk jk"Vª lfefr ls ch- fouksn dqekj (djheuxj]
rsyaxkuk)
l dE;qfuLV ikVhZ vkWiQ bafM;k (ekdZ~loknh) ls eksgEen
lyhe (jk;xat] if'pe caxky)
l jkT;lHkk ls Hkktik ds MkW- fou; lgL=kcq¼s (egkjk"Vª)]
ukjk;.k yky iapkfj;k (jktLFkku)
l dkaxzsl ls ih- Hkê~Vkpk;Z (if'pe caxky) vkSj Hkqous'oj
dfyrk (vle)
l lektoknh ikVhZ ls tkosn vyh [kku (mÙkj çns'k)
l vky bafM;k r`.kewy dkaxzsl ls Msjsd vks*czk;u (if'pe
caxky)
l turk ny ;wukbVsM ls gjoa'k ukjk;.k flag (fcgkj)
l chtw turk ny ls çlUu vkpk;Z (vksfM'kk)
l cgqtu lekt ikVhZ ls lrh'k pUæ feJ (mÙkj çns'k)
l ukekafdr lnL;ksa esa Loiu nkl xqIrk
foi{k ds dqN ny foèks;d ds çLrkoksa ij vlger Fks blfy,
desVh dk dk;Zdky Ng ckj c<k;k x;kA bl nkSjku desVh us
vè;;u nkSjs Hkh fd;sA ftlesa dqy 9267 çokfl;ksa vkSj xSj&ljdkjh
laLFkkvksa vkSj 49 tu&çfrfufèk;ksa ,oa vU; O;fDr;ksa ls eqykdkr
'kkfey gSA
l tksèkiqj (18 ls 20 fnlacj] 2016)
l vgenkckn vkSj jktdksV (18 ls 20 vçSy] 2017)
l xqokgkVh] flypj vkSj f'kykWx (7 ls 11 ebZ] 2018)

tsihlh ds lnL;ksa us LFkkuh; 'kj.kkFkhZ] xSj&ljdkjh laLFkkvksa]
tu&çfrfufèk;ksa vkSj vU; lEcafèkr O;fDr;ksa ls vkSipkfjd eqykdkr
dhA bl desVh us x`g ea=kky;] fofèk ,oa U;k; ea=kky; vkSj fons'k
ea=kky; ls Hkh lk{; ,df=kr fd;sA
l bu rhu ea=kky;ksa ds lkFk la;qDr lfefr us 21 flrEcj]
2016] 3 vDVwcj] 2016] 22 ekpZ] 2017] 3 tuojh]
2018] vkSj 23 vDVwcj] 2018 dks cSBdsa dhA
vxys pj.k esa desVh us xSj&ljdkjh xokgksa ds Hkh c;ku ntZ
fd;sA
l ;g c;ku 13 vDVwcj] 2016] 25 vDVwcj] 2016] 19
tqykbZ] 2017] vkSj 17 vçSy] 2018 dks ntZ fd;s x,A
blesa dqy 56 xSj&ljdkjh xokg 'kkfey FksA
l tsihlh }kjk jkT; ljdkjksa ds çfrfufèk;ksa dks Hkh 26
vDrwcj] 2016 dks cqyk;k x;kA
l lfefr us foèks;d ds çR;sd fcanq ij 20 uoEcj] 2018]
27 uoEcj] 2018] vkSj 31 fnlacj] 2018 dks ppkZ dhA
bl çdkj foèks;d ds çR;sd çLrko ij ppkZ ds ckn 7
tuojh] 2019 dks lfefr ds vè;{k jktsaæ vxzoky us fjiksVZ nksuksa
lnuksa dks lkSai nhA yxkrkj 29 eghuksa rd desVh us çkekf.kdrk vkSj
xaHkhjrk ls lEcafèkr lHkh i{kksa dks lquk vkSj 11 cSBdksa ds ckn
ukxfjdrk dkuwu esa la'kksèku yksdlHkk esa is'k fd;k x;kA
l tsihlh esa yxHkx lHkh nyksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k Fkk]
ftlds ihNs dk ,d mís'; Fkk fd foèks;d ij ,d jk;
cu ldsA dsaæ ljdkj us bl foèks;d ds fy, ges'kk
loZlEefÙk dks 'kkfey fd;k FkkA tsihlh ds vè;{k jktsaæ

vxzoky us lnu dks crk;k fd foèks;d esa dbZ la'kksèku
lgefr ls fd;s x, FksA (yksd lHkk] 8 tuojh] 2019)
tuojh 2019 esa fiQj ls ç;kl
l yksdlHkk esa x`g ea=kh jktukFk flag us bl foèks;d dks
8 tuojh] 2019 dks nksckjk is'k fd;kA mUgksaus crk;k fd
bl foèks;d esa 31 fnlacj] 2014 ls igys Hkkjr esa
viQxkfuLrku] ikfdLrku vkSj ckaXykns'k ls vk;s fganqvksa]
fl[kksa] tSfu;ksa] ckS¼ksa] bZlkb;ksa vkSj ikjfl;ksa tSls Ng
vYila[;d leqnk;ksa dks Hkkjr dh ukxfjdrk gkfly djus
dk çkoèkku gSA
l bl foèks;d dks lnu ds le{k j[krs gq, x`g ea=kh us dgk]
^^;g vfèkfu;e vle jkT; rd gh lhfer ugha gSA
foèks;d ns'k ds lHkh jkT;ksa vkSj dsaæ 'kkflr çns'kksa ij
ykxw gksxk vkSj blds ykHkkFkhZ ns'k ds fdlh Hkh jkT; esa jg
ldrs gSaA bu mRihfM+rksa ds foLFkkiu ij [kpsZ dks iwjs ns'k
}kjk lk>k fd;k tk,xkA**
l vfèkfu;e ds ckjs esa xyriQgeh dks nwj djrs gq,] jktukFk
flag us bu ns'kksa esa bu leqnk; ds yksxksa ij gq, HksnHkko
vkSj èkkfeZd mRihM+u ij çdk'k MkykA mUgksaus dgk fd
Hkkjr dks NksM+dj muds ikl tkus ds fy, dksbZ txg ugha
gSA vfèkfu;e bu lHkh mRihfM+r çokfl;ksa dks jkgr çnku
djsxkA**
l ;g fo/s;d yksdlHkk esa èofu er ls ikfjr gks x;k
ysfdu l=k dh lekfIr ds dkj.k ;g jkT; lHkk esa is'k
ugha ldkA
lky 2004&2014 ds chp

ikfdLrku esa fgUnqvksa ij vR;kpkj
;wih, ljdkj ds c;ku

iM+kslh ns'kksa esa vYila[;dksa ij vR;kpkjksa dk ekeyk dbZ ckj
lnu esa mBk;k tk pqdk gSA lky 2004 ls ysdj 2014 rd ;wih,
ljdkj ekurh Fkh fd ikfdLrku vkSj ckaXykns'k esa fgUnqvksa ds f[kykiQ
vR;kpkj gks jgs gSA exj bl lEcUèk esa dHkh dksbZ Bksl dne ugha
mBk;k x;kA
l lky 2005 esa ;wih, ljdkj esa fons'k jkT; ea=kh bZ- vgen
us áweu jkbV~l deh'ku vkWiQ ikfdLrku dh fjiksVZ~l dk
gokyk nsrs gq, dgk Fkk fd ikfdLrku esa fgUnqvksa ds
f[kykiQ fgalk gks jgh gSA (yksdlHkk] 7 fnlacj] 2005)
l lky 2007 esa fons'k jkT; ea=kh Jhçdk'k tk;loky us
crk;k fd ikfdLrku ls fgUnw Hkkjh la[;k esa Hkkjr vk jgs
gSA (yksdlHkk] 27 iQjojh] 2007)
l lky 2010 esa yksdlHkk esa fons'k ea=kh ,l- ,e- Ñ".kk us
crk;k fd ljdkj dks ikfdLrku esa fgUnqvksa ds f[kykiQ
vR;kpkjksa dh tkudkjh gSA (yksdlHkk] 21 vçSy] 2010)
l lky 2011 esa Hkh fons'k jkT; ea=kh ij.khr dkSj us lnu
dks Hkjkslk fnyk;k fd ljdkj fgUnqvksa ds mRihMu
(Persecution) ij fpafrr gSA (yksdlHkk] 23 uoEcj]

2011)
l lky 2013 esa lalnh; dk;Z ea=kh jktho 'kqDyk us Hkh
fgUnqvksa ds mRihMu dh ckr Lohdkj dhA (jkT; lHkk] 17
ekpZ] 2013)
l lky 2014 esa fons'k ea=kh lyeku [kq'khZn us crk;k fd
ljdkj dks ckaXykns'k esa fgUnqvksa dh leL;kvksa dh tkudkjh
gSA (jkT; lHkk] 13 iQjojh] 2014)
l vle ds eq[;ea=kh r#.k xksxbZ us çèkkuea=kh eueksgu flag
dks 20 vçSy] 2012 dks ,d eseksjaMe fn;k FkkA mUgksaus
ckaXykns'k esa èkkfeZd vkèkkj ij mRihfM+rksa dks Hkkjrh; crkrs
gq, dgk fd muls Hkkjr ljdkj fonsf'k;ksa dh rjg crkZo
u djsA (n bduksfed VkbEl] 2 twu] 2015)
foHkktu vkSj jkgr&iquokZl dk;Z (1947)
fgUnqvksa vkSj flD[kksa ij vR;kpkj

l ^fe'ku fon ekma V cs V u* iq L rd ds ys [ kd ,yu
dSaicsy&tksgkulu foHkktu ij fy[krs gS] ^^21 flrEcj]
1947 dh lqcg xouZj&tujy ds MdksVk gokbZ tgkt ls
ekmaVcsVu] bLes] osjuksa] ,yu dSaicsy&tksgkulu (ys[kd)]
usg:] iVsy] fu;ksxh] jktdqekjh ve`r dkSj] tujy ykWdgkVZ]
,p,e iVsy] vkSj oh 'kadj us iwohZ ,oa if'peh iatkc ds
nkSjk fd;kA** mUgksaus jkoh unh ds vklikl ds bykdksa dk
gokbZ losZ{k.k djrs gq, crk;k fd ;g fyf[kr bfrgkl dk
lcls cM+k foLFkkiu gSA (i`"B 232)
l ,d vU; iqLrd ^n ykLV Mst vkWiQ n fczfV'k jkt* esa
fy;ksukMZ ekslsyh fy[krs gS] ^^vxLr 1947 ls vxys ukS
eghuksa esa 1 djksM+ 40 yk[k yksxksa dk foLFkkiu gqvkA bl
nkSjku djhc 6]00]000 yksxksa dh gR;k dj nh xbZA cPpksa
dks iSjksa ls mBkdj muds flj fnokj ls iQksM+ fn, x,]
cfPp;ksa dk cykRdkj fd;k x;k] cykRdkj dj yM+fd;ksa
ds Lru dkV fn, x, vkSj xHkZorh efgykvksa ds vkarfjd
vaxksa dks ckgj fudky fn;k x;kA** (i`"B 280)
l bu ?kVukvksa dks ns[krs gq, ljnkj iVsy us çèkkuea=kh usg:
dks 2 flrEcj 1947 dks i=k fy[kk] ^^lqcg ls 'kke rd
esjk iwjk le; if'pe ikfdLrku ls vkus okys fgUnw vkSj
fl[kksa ds nq[k vkSj vR;kpkjksa dh dgkfu;ksa esa chr tkrk
gSA**
ikfdLrku dk èkkfeZd vkèkkj ij foHkktu

eksgEen vyh ftUuk us 1929 esa 14 ekaxksa dk ,d Kkiu rS;kj
fd;k FkkA bldk edln ,d vyx bLykfed ns'k dk xBu djuk
FkkA bldk çk:i gn ls T;knk dê~Vj vkSj bLyke dks NksM+dj vU;
èkeksaZ dh Hkkoukvksa dks vkgr djus okyk FkkA blds dqN çeq[k fcanq
bl çdkj Fks%
l eqlyekuksa dks xkS gR;k dh NwV gksxh
l tgk¡ eqlyeku cgqla[;d gksaxs ifjlheu ugha gksxk
l oansekrje lekIr djuk gksxk
l frjaxs esa cnyko fd;k tkuk pkfg,
l eqfLye yhx ds >aMs dks frjaxs ds cjkcj ntkZ feys
vkWy bafM;k eqfLye yhx viuh bu lkaçnkf;d ekaxksa ij vM+
xbZ vkSj Hkkjr dk foHkktu èkeZ ds vkèkkj dkaxzsl us Lohdkj dj
fy;kA
iatkc vkSj fla/ dh fLFkfr
l iatkc ds xouZj tujy izQkafll eqMh us ftUuk dks 5
flracj 1947 dks i=k fy[kk] ^êq>s ugha irk fd fl[k
lhek dSls ikj djsaxsA egRoiw.kZ ;g gS fd gesa tYn ls
tYn muls NqVdkjk ikuk gksxkA**
l ikfdLrku ds flaèk çkUr ls Hkh fgUnqvksa ij geys dh [kcjsa
yxkrkj fey jgh FkhA çèkkuea=kh usg: us 8 tuojh 1948
dks chth [ksj dks ,d Vsyhxzke Hkstk] ^^fLFkfr;ksa dks ns[krs
gq, (flaèk esa xSj&eqlyekuksa dh gR;k vkSj ywV&ikV gks jgh
Fkh)] flaèk ls fgUnw vkSj fl[k yksxksa dks fudkyuk gksxkA**
vxys fnu çèkkuea=kh us [ksj dks ,d i=k Hkh fy[kk] ^^flaèk

esa gkykr [kjkc gS vkSj eq>s Mj gS fd gesa Hkkjh la[;k esa
fu"Øe.k ns[kuk gksxkA ge mUgsa flaèk esa ugha NksM+ ldrsA**
ikfdLrku esa fgUnqvksa ds ujlagkj dks ysdj çèkkuea=kh
ijs'kku Fks vkSj mUgksaus ljnkj iVsy dks Hkh ogka dh
fLFkfr;ka crkus ds fy, 12 tuojh 1948 dks ,d i=k
fy[kkA
l ljnkj us igys gh mudh lqj{kk vkSj iquokZl ds ç;kl 'kq:
dj fn, FksA mudk Li"V er Fkk fd ikfdLrku esa fgUnqvksa
vkSj fl[kksa dk #duk laHko ugha gSA
fgUnw foLFkkfirksa dk jkgr ,oa iquokZl
l ns'k ds igys yksdlHkk pqukoksa esa dkaxzsl dk pqukoh
?kks"k.kk&i=k [kqn tokgjyky usg: us rS;kj fd;k FkkA bls
dkaxzsl dk;Zlfefr us cSaxyksj esa 13 tqykbZ] 1951 dks
ikfjr fd;kA bl ?kks"k.kk&i=k esa dkWUxzsl us crk;k fd lky
1951&52 esa foLFkkfirksa ds iquokZl vkSj jkgr ds fy,
140 djksM+ #i, [kpZ fd, tk,¡xsA
l ikfdLrku ls vkus okys fgUnqvksa vkSj fl[kksa dk Hkkjr esa
iquokZl ,d tfVy dk;Z FkkA çèkkuea=kh usg: us 15 uoacj
1950 dks laln esa ;g Lohdkj fd;k Fkk fd fdlh vU;
ns'k dks ,slh fLFkfr dk lkeuk ugha djuk iM+k] tSlh
foLFkkiu dh leL;k Hkkjr ds lkeus FkhA blesa usg:
fy[krs gS] ^^fiNys pkj lkyksa dh lcls cM+h leL;k
ikfdLrku ls vkus okys foLFkkfirksa dk iquokZl gSA ftlij
rkRdkfyd vkSj yxkrkj è;ku nsus dh t:jr gSA** bl
?kks"k.kk&i=k esa dkaxzsl us crk;k fd lky 1951&52 esa
foLFkkfirksa ds iquokZl vkSj jkgr ds fy, 140 djksM+ #i,
[kpZ fd, tk,¡xsA blesa muds fy, nqdkusa vkSj vkS|ksfxd

{ks=k ds vykok 86]000 u, ?kj cuokuk Hkh 'kkfey FkkA
l ikfdLrkuh xSj&eqlyekuksa dks ns'kHkj esa clkuk Hkkjr ljdkj
dh çkFkfedrkvksa esa 'kkfey FkkA fiQj Hkh] ogk¡ cgqr cM+h
la[;k esa xSj&eqlyeku jg x, Fks] ftudk ckn esa Hkh
foLFkkiu tkjh jgkA igyh yksdlHkk esa çtk lks'kfyLV
ikVhZ ds lnL; lhih fxMokuh us 6 fnlacj] 1952 dks
crk;k] ^^gekjk flUèkh dk ,d v[kckj gS tks cEcbZ ls
fudyrk gSA mlus fy[kk gS fd ijlksa ,d tgkt djkph
ls vk;k] mlesa 23 fgUnw vk,A mlesa ls ,d us c;ku fn;k
gS fd ,d fgUnw fdlh xk¡o esa tk jgk Fkk] mldk dRy
djds mldh yk'k dks ,d cksjh ds vUnj Mky fn;k x;kA
blfy, foo'k gksdj gesa ;gk¡ vkuk iM+kA**
l Hkkjr ljdkj us yksdlHkk esa 1959 esa ,d C;kSjk fn;kA
blds vuqlkj jktLFkku] f=kiqjk] if'pe caxky] mÙkj çns'k]
vksfM'kk] ef.kiqj] eè; çns'k] fcgkj] vle vkSj vaMeku
fudksckj esa ikfdLrkuh xSj&eqlyekuksa dks clk;k x;k FkkA
rhljh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa bl iquokZl dk;ZØe dk iwjk
fooj.k fn;k x;k FkkA
l blesa crk;k x;k gS fd ikfdLrku ls 89 yk[k èkkfeZd
dkj.kksa ls çrkfM+r xSj&eqlyeku Hkkjr vk,] ftlesa ls 47
yk[k if'pe ikfdLrku vkSj 'ks"k iwohZ ikfdLrku ls FksA
lky 1947&48 vkSj 1960&61 ds chp dqy 239 djksM+
#i, bu foLFkkfirksa ds iquokZl ds fy, r; fd, x, FksA
blesa ls 133 djksM+ if'pe ikfdLrku vkSj 106 djksM+
iwohZ ikfdLrku ds fy, vkoafVr fd, x, FksA igyh
iapo"khZ; ;kstuk ls igys 70-87 djksM+] igyh iapo"khZ;
;kstuk esa 97-55 djksM+ vkSj nwljh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa

70-32 djksM+ #i, dh jkf'k [kpZ dh xbZA
l ;gh ugha] bl nkSjku ljdkj us 33]000 ifjokjksa dks
vLFkk;h racqvksa ls fudkydj tehusa forfjr dh FkhA
yxHkx 1]10]000 yksxksa dks O;kolkf;d vkSj rduhdh
f'k{kk Hkh nh xbZ FkhA
l vkt dkaxzsl ukxfjdrk (la'kksèku) dkuwu dk fojksèk dj
jgh gSA bldk dksbZ vkèkkj ugha gSA okLro esa muds usrkvksa
dks vius bfrgkl dks tkuus vkSj le>us dh t:jr gSA
ml nkSj esa çèkkuea=kh usg: ds dsaæh; eaf=keaMy esa jkgr
vkSj iquokZl ds fy, ,d vyx ls ea=kky; Hkh cuk;k x;k
FkkA bldk dHkh fdlh us fojksèk ugha fd;k vkSj fo'o ds
lcls cM+s foLFkkiu dks fu;fer fd;k x;k FkkA
Hkkjr dh lafoèkku lHkk
ukxfjdrk dkuwu
l MkW- Hkhe jko vkacsMdj us 10 vxLr] 1949 dks ukxfjdrk
ls lacfèkr vuqPNsn 5 dks Hkkjr dh lafoèkku lHkk ds
le{k is'k fd;kA mUgksaus xouZesaV vkWiQ bafM;k ,DV] 1935
ds vuqlkj ukxfjdrk dks ifjHkkf"kr fd;k] ^^tks Hkkjr esa
iSnk gqvk vFkok ftlds ekrk&firk (vfHkHkkod) Hkkjrh;
{ks=k esa iSnk gq, Fks vFkok de&ls&de 5 lky ds fy,
Hkkjr ds lkekU; ukxfjd jgsa] rqjar bl çfØ;k ds vkjaHk
gksus ds ckn Hkkjr ds ukxfjd cu ldrs gSA** ckcklkgc
us ikfdLrku ls vkus okys fgUnw vkSj fl[kksa dks Hkh Hkkjrh;
ukxfjdrk nsus dh laoSèkkfud O;oLFkk dh FkhA mUgksaus 19
tqykbZ] 1948 ls igys foLFkkfir gq, yksxksa dks Hkkjrh;
ukxfjd cukus dk çLrko 'kkfey fd;k FkkA lkFk gh]
mijksDr rkjh[k ds ckn tks yksx Hkkjr dh ukxfjdrk dk
vkosnu dj pqds Fks] mUgsa Hkh ukxfjdrk nh x;h FkhA vkt
Hkh lafoèkku dh çfr esa ;g O;oLFkk i<+us dks fey tk,xhA
l blh rtZ ij orZeku dsUæ ljdkj us 31 fnlacj] 2014
rd Hkkjr esa ikfdLrku] viQxkfuLrku vkSj ckaXykns'k ls
èkkfeZd :i ls çrkfM+r vYila[;dksa dks ukxfjdrk nsus ds
fy, ukxfjdrk dkuwu esa ,d la'kksèku fd;k gSA ;g ogh
ukxfjdrk dkuwu gS] ftls MkW- lkgc us lafoèkku lHkk esa
is'k fd;k FkkA ml nkSjku lnu esa tokgjyky usg: Hkh

ekStwn FksA fdlh us fojksèk ugh fd;kA Hkkjr dh lafoèkku
lHkk] ftlesa dkaxzsl dk cgqer Fkk] us ikfdLrku ls èkkfeZd
dkj.kksa ls çrkfM+r vYila[;dksa dks Hkkjr dk ukxfjd
cuk;k FkkA
l vkt dh dkaxzsl dks lafoèkku lHkk dh cgl dks i<+us dh
[kkl t:jr gSA bl lHkk us ukxfjdrk ds elys ij csgn
xaHkhjrk ls fparu fd;k FkkA yxkrkj rhu fnu ;kfu 10]11]12
vxLr] 1949 dks ukxfjdrk lEcUèkh çR;sd igyw ij
cgl gqbZ FkhA
l dkaxzsl ds ih-,l- ns'keq[k us dgk] ^êSa ;g çkoèkku djuk
pkgrk gwa fd çR;sd O;fDr tks fganw vFkok fl[k gS vkSj
fdlh vU; jkT; dk ukxfjd ugha gS] og Hkkjr dk
ukxfjd gksus dk gdnkj gksxkA geus ikfdLrku ds xBu
vkSj LFkkiuk dks ns[kk gSA bldh LFkkiuk D;ksa dh xbZ\
ikfdLrku vyx fd;k x;k D;ksafd eqlyekuksa us nkok
fd;k Fkk fd muds ikl viuk Lo;a dk ns'k dk gksuk
pkfg,A tcfd ge tkurs gS fd u rks fganw vkSj u gh fl[kksa
ds ikl tkus ds fy, nqfu;k esa dksbZ vU; O;kid LFkku
gSA** ckn esa ns'keq[k çèkkuea=kh usg: ds eaf=keaMy esa Ñf"k
ea=kh cus vkSj dkaxzsl dh fVdV ij vejkorh ls rhu ckj
yksdlHkk lnL; fuokZfpr gq,A
l muds bl çLrko dk leFkZu Hkh dkaxzsl ls vius jktuSfrd
thou dh 'kq#vkr djus okys f'kCcuyky lDlsuk us
fd;k] mUgksaus dgk] ^^gesa ;g dgus esa 'keZ ugha djuh
pkfg, fd çR;sd O;fDr tks èkeZ ls fganw vFkok fl[k gS
vkSj fdlh vU; jkT; dk ukxfjd ugha gS] og Hkkjr dh
ukxfjdrk dk gdnkj gksxkA** bl çLrko dk lcls O;ofLFkr

Li"Vhdj.k ljnkj Hkksfianj flag us fd;k] ^^gekjh ekax gS
fd dksbZ Hkh O;fDr] tks ikfdLrku esa lkaçnkf;d naxksa ds
dkj.k Hkkjr esa vk;k gS] Lor% gh Hkkjr dk ukxfjd ekuk
tkuk pkfg,A**
ukxfjdrk la'kks/u dkuwu] NRC vkSj NPR
ukxfjdrk (la'kks/u) dkuwu ns'k esa ykxw gks x;k gS tcfd

us'kuy jftLVj vkWiQ flVhtu (NRC) ds çko/kku Hkh r; ugha fd;s
x, gSA us'kuy ikWiqys'ku jftLVj (NPR) dks dsaæh; eaf=keaMy us
eatwjh nh gSA dkaxzsl vkSj vU; foi{kh nyksa }kjk >wB iQSyk;k x;k fd
dsaæ ljdkj eqlyekuksa ls mudh ukxfjdrk Nhu jgh gSA tcfd bl
ckr esa dksbZ lR;rk ugha gSA vkt dkaxzsl ds usrk Hkwy x, gS fd tc
mudh ikVhZ lÙkk esa Fkh] rks NPR vkSj NRC dh igy mUgksaus dh
FkhA
NRC ij orZeku fLFkfr
iwjs ns'k ds fy, NRC ds çko/ku vHkh r; ugha gq, gSaA ;g

NRC ykus esa vHkh ljdkj dks yach nwjh r; djuh gSA mls elkSnk
rS;kj dj laln ds nksuksa lnuksa ls ikfjr djokuk gksxkA fiQj jk"Vªifr
ds gLrk{kj ds ckn NRC vfLrRo esa vk,xkA bldh çfØ;k Hkh
laoSèkkfud vkSj yksdrkfU=kd gksxhA
dkaxzsl ds eaf=k;ksa ds NPR vkSj NRC ds lEcU/ esa vfèkdkfjd
c;ku
l us'kuy vkbZMsfUVfiQds'ku vkWFkkWfjVh vkWiQ bafM;k fcy
2010 ij ,d LVSafMax desVh cukbZ xbZ FkhA ftlus dgk Fkk
fd NPR ukxfjdrk dk jftLVj gksxk] ftlds ckn Hkfo";
esa ukxfjdrk dks r; fd;k tk,xkA
l vt; ekdu] x`g jkT; ea=kh us yksd lHkk esa 4 ebZ] 2010
dks c;ku fn;k] ^^NPR dk MkVkcsl rS;kj vkSj igpku
i=k tkjh gksus ds ckn] ns'k esa voS/ fonsf'k;ksa vkSj
?kqliSfB;ksa dh igpku dh tk,xhA**
l xq#nkl dker] x`g jkT; ea=kh us yksd lHkk esa 1 ekpZ]
2011 dks crk;k fd jkT; ,oa dsaæ 'kkflr çns'k ukxfjdrk
ds lR;kiu ds fy, rRdky dne mBk ldrs gSA blds
fy, LFkkuh; iqfyl dh lgk;rk Hkh yh tk ldrh gSA
l ftrsaæ flag] x`g jkT; ea=kh us yksd lHkk esa 28 vxLr]
2012 dks crk;k fd NRIC (National Register of Indian
Citizen) dh fn'kk esa NPR igyk dne gSA (ml nkSjku
NRC dks NRIC dgk x;k Fkk)
;wih, ds le; NPR esa nLrkostksa dk ladyu
l dkaxzsl Hkze iQSyk jgh gS fd NPR esa dsaæ ljdkj yksxksa ds
nLrkost ekax jgh gSA tcfd bl O;oLFkk dh 'kq#vkr
muds dk;Zdky esa gqbZ FkhA
l vkjih,u flag] x`g jkT; ea=kh us 23 vçSy] 2013 dks
yksd lHkk esa crk;k] ^^NPR esa 15 çdkj ds tulkaf[;dh;
MkVk dks ladfyr fd;k tk,xkA ftlesa 1- O;fDr dk uke]
2- eqf[k;k ls laca/] 3- fyax] 4- tUe frfFk] 5- oSokfgd
fLFkfr] 6- 'kSf{kd ;ksX;rk] 7- O;olk;&xfrfof/] 8- firk
dk uke] 9- ekrk dk uke] 10- ifr@iRuh dk uke]
11- tUe LFkku] 12- jk"Vªh;rk] 13- fuokl dk orZeku
irk] 14- orZeku fuokl ij jgus dh vof/ vkSj
15- LFkk;h vkoklA
l ml nkSjku yksxksa ds ck;kseSfVªd fjdkMZ~l Hkh NPR esa
'kkfey fd, tkus çLrkfor FksA
jktuhfr ugha cfYd ns'k dh lqj{kk dk loky&lafo/ku esa

çkoèkku
l Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds fons'kh vf/fu;e 1946 dh /kjk
3(2)(C) rFkk 1920 ikji=k (ikliksVZ) vf/fu;e ds
vuqlkj Hkkjr ljdkj fdlh Hkh fons'kh O;fDr dks Hkkjr esa
jgus vFkok ns'k NksM+us dk vkns'k ns ldrh gSA Hkkjrh;
lafo/ku ds fons'kh vf/fu;e 1946 /kjk 3 (2)(e) ds
vuqlkj Hkkjr ljdkj fdlh Hkh fons'kh O;fDr dks fof'k"V
{ks=k esa j[kus vkSj mlds lapkj ij fucaZ/ yxk ldrh gSA
jkT; ljdkjksa dh 'kfDr;ka
l ;g dk;Zdkjh 'kfDr;ka Hkkjrh; lafo/ku ds lsD'ku 258
(1) ds vuqlkj lHkh jkT;ksa dks çnÙk (Entrust) dh x;h
gSA bl lanHkZ esa vf/lwpuk,a Hkh tkjh dh tk pqdh gSA
blfy, jkT; ljdkj vius vf/dkjksa esa t#jr iM+us
vFkok le;kuqlkj dk;Zokgh djrh gSA voS/ fonsf'k;ksa dks
Hkkjr ls Hkstus dk Øe fiNys dbZ n'kdksa ls dbZ jkT;ksa esa
yxkrkj py jgk gSA
dkaxzsl }kjk fMVsa'ku lsaVj dh LFkkiuk
l vle esa fMVsa'ku lsaVj cukus dk iQSlyk 2009 esa dkaxzsl
ljdkj us fy;k FkkA ml oDr dsaæ esa eueksgu flag dh
ljdkj FkhA ih- fpancje x`g ea=kh Fks vkSj jkT; dh deku
r:.k xksxksbZ ds gkFk esa FkhA ml oDr dh ljdkj us
?kqliSfB;ksa dh fyLV dks ysdj U;k;ky; esa Hkh gyiQukek
nkf[ky fd;k FkkA ?kqliSfB, xk;c u gks tk, bl otg ls
bUgsa fMVsa'ku lsaVj esa j[kk x;k FkkA
fMVsa'ku ds lEcU/ esa mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk funsZ'k

l ftu voS/ ?kqliSfB;ksa ds ikl dksbZ Hkh dkxtkr vFkok
nLrkost ugha gS] bl fLFkfr esa Hkkjr dk fons'k ea=kky;]
lEcafèkr nwrkoklksa ls laidZ djrk gSA
l ;g t#jh gS fd ,sls voS/ fons'kh O;fDr iwjh çfØ;k
lekIr gksus rd fdlh fufnZ"V LFkku ij jgasA vHkh rd
fofHkUu jktuSfrd nyksa dh jkT; ljdkjsa ,slh fufnZ"V txg
fpfUgr djrh FkhA ;g txg lkekU; :i ls dkjkxkj ds
vanj vyx gksrh FkhA
l loksZPp U;k;ky; us Hkhe flag cuke Hkkjr ljdkj dsl esa
28 tuojh] 2012 dks vius vkns'k esa ,sls O;fDr;ksa dks
dkjkxkj esa ugha j[kus ds funsZ'k fn,A U;k;ky; us muds
fy, vyx ls O;oLFkk fuekZ.k djds fctyh&ikuh tSlh
lqfo/k nsus dks dgk FkkA bl çdkj 12 flrEcj] 2018
vkSj 20 flrEcj] 2018 ds funsZ'kksa esa fMVsa'ku dSai cukus
dks dgk x;kA
l loksZPp U;k;y; ds funsZ'kuqlkj 9 tuojh] 2019 dks lHkh
jkT;ksa ,oa dsaæ'kkflr çns'kksa dks dsaæ ljdkj us Model
Detention Centre/Holding Centre/ Camp Manual 2019
Hkst fn;kA
l blds igys fnYyh esa ykeiqj vkSj 'kgtknk ckx esa fMVsa'ku
lsaVj vkSj ve`rlj lsaVªy tsy] vyoj tsy] t;iqj tsy]
Hkqt tsy esa vyx cSjd cuk;s x, gSA
l loksZPp U;k;ky; ds funsZ'kkuqlkj NRC esa fpfUgr
yksxksa ds fy, vle esa fuEufyf[kr vLFkk;h dSEi cuk;s
x, gS% XokyikM+k&201 (15)] dksdjk>kj&140 (131)]
flYpj&71 (14)] fMczwx<+&40 (2)] tksjgkV&196 (64)]

rstiqj&322 (98)A bl çdkj bu dSEiksa esa dqy 970 yksx
ftuesa 324 efgyk,a 646 iq#"k gSA
l loksZPp U;k;ky; ds 10 ebZ] 2019 ds funsZ'k esa 3 lky
fMVsa'ku dSai esa jgus ds ckn fpfUgr yksxksa dks dqN 'krksaZ
ij fjgk djus ds fy, dgk x;k gSA
q

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ukxfjdrk la'kksèku dkuwu&2019

rF; ,oa okLrfodrk

eqnzd % ,e-ds-fizaVlZ] fnYyh&7

3- ukxfjdrk (la'kksèku) dkuwu&2019 18

4- x`g ea=kh] vfer 'kkg }kjk Li"Vhdj.k ,oa vk'oklu 21

5- ikfdLrku ls foLFkkfir fgUnqvksa ds fy, iwoZorhZ O;oLFkk 27

6- ^bLykfed* ns'k&rkuk'kkgh] cgqyrkokn vkSj vkradokn 29

7- varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij laKku 32

8- lky 2016 esa la'kksèku ds ç;kl 34

9- lky 2004&2014 ds chp ikfdLrku esa fgUnqvksa ij vR;kpkj 39

10- foHkktu vkSj jkgr&iquokZl dk;Z (1947) 41

11- Hkkjr dh lafoèkku lHkk 47

12- ukxfjdrk la'kks/u dkuwu] NRC vkSj NPR 51

Hkkjr dh Lora=krk ds le; dkaxl

2002 esa ikfdLrku esa 40]000 ls ?kVdj fl[kksa dh la[;k 8000 ls

2003 dk dkuwu dsoy ikfdLrku vkSj ckaXykns'k ls vkus okys

Hkkjr esa f[kykiQr vkUnksyu ds lkFk gh fdlh Hkh dher ij

neu vkSj mRihMu

vkSj johuk es?kokj (14) dk vigj.k fd;k x;kA ,d vU; fganw

lguk djuk iM+kA tc bu lcls cpdj mUgksaus Hkkjr dh vksj #[k

f'kdkj yksx fgald vkanksyu ij mrj vk, gSaA dqN jktuSfrd ny

ukxfjdrk (la'kksèku) dkuwu&2019

yksdlHkk vkSj jkT; lHkk ls eatwjh

èkkfeZd vYila[;dksa ds fy, gS] blls Hkkjrh; ukxfjdksa dh ukxfjdrk

x`g ea=kh] vfer 'kkg }kjk

og 10 ç'u] ftuds tokc tkuuk csgn t#jh gSA

ugha ysdj vk jgs gSa\ vkidh iaFkfujis{krk fliQZ eqfLyeksa ij

7- jksfgaX;k eqlyeku D;ksa ugha\

tcju èkeZ ifjorZu djk;k tkrk gSA viQxkfuLrku esa Hkh

fdlh dh ukxfjdrk ysus dk] fiQj Hkh fojksèk ds uke ij

jktuhfr rks cckZnh dk jkLrk gSA nqHkkZX; ls ;g udkjkRed

ikfdLrku ls foLFkkfir fgUnqvksa ds fy,

,uMh, vkSj ;wih,

vkt ukxfjdrk dkuwu ds fojksèk esa cksy jgs gSaA

yksdra=k ds LFkku ij 'kfj;r

l ikfdLrku esa dbZ lkyksa rd rkuk'kkgh jgh tcfd

lkyksa igys rd fgUnw] fl[k] ;gwnh] vkSj bZlkbZ èkeksaZ ds

varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij laKku

la;qDr jk"Vª la?k

l gokbZ ls vesfjdh laln dh lnL; vkSj ogk¡ jk"Vªifr

lky 2016 esa la'kksèku ds ç;kl

tkWbaV ikfyZ;kesaVªh desVh (tsihlh)

l f'ko lsuk ls vkuanjko vM+lwy (vejkorh] egkjk"Vª)

l xqokgkVh] flypj vkSj f'kykWx (7 ls 11 ebZ] 2018)

loZlEefÙk dks 'kkfey fd;k FkkA tsihlh ds vè;{k jktsaæ

lky 2004&2014 ds chp

;wih, ljdkj ds c;ku

(Persecution) ij fpafrr gSA (yksdlHkk] 23 uoEcj]

foHkktu vkSj jkgr&iquokZl dk;Z (1947)

fgUnqvksa vkSj flD[kksa ij vR;kpkj

ikfdLrku dk èkkfeZd vkèkkj ij foHkktu

vxys fnu çèkkuea=kh us [ksj dks ,d i=k Hkh fy[kk] ^^flaèk

[kpZ fd, tk,¡xsA blesa muds fy, nqdkusa vkSj vkS|ksfxd

;kstuk esa 97-55 djksM+ vkSj nwljh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa

is'k fd;k FkkA ml nkSjku lnu esa tokgjyky usg: Hkh

ukxfjdrk dk gdnkj gksxkA** bl çLrko dk lcls O;ofLFkr

ukxfjdrk (la'kks/u) dkuwu ns'k esa ykxw gks x;k gS tcfd

iwjs ns'k ds fy, NRC ds çko/ku vHkh r; ugha gq, gSaA ;g

jktuhfr ugha cfYd ns'k dh lqj{kk dk loky&lafo/ku esa

fMVsa'ku ds lEcU/ esa mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk funsZ'k

flYpj&71 (14)] fMczwx<+&40 (2)] tksjgkV&196 (64)]

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