Gérard Audran 

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Gérard Audran

2 août 1640

Naissance
Lyon,   Fr
ance

26 juillet 1703 (à 62 ans)[1]
Décès
Paris, France

Autres noms Girard Audran

Nationalité Français

Activité Graveur, dessinateur[1]

Claude Audran I, Charles Le

Maître
Brun

Élève Jean Audran

Lieu de travail
Paris

Compléments

Membre de la famille d'artistes, les Audran

modifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata

Gérard Audran (ou Girard), né à Lyon le 2 août 1640 et mort à Paris le 26 juillet 1703(à 62 ans), est un graveur et dessinateur français.

Sommaire

 1 Biographie

 2 Œuvre

 3 Élèves
 4 Reconnaissance

 5 Notes et références

 6 Annexes
o 6.1 Bibliographie
o 6.2 Article connexe
o 6.3 Liens externes

Biographie

Médaillon de bronze à l'effigie de Gérard Audran, réalisé par Charles Textor

Né à Lyon en 1640, Gérard Audran est le descendant d'une dynastie de graveurs : son père, Claude Ier Audran et ses oncles Jean et Benoît Ier Audran exercent
cet art. Gérard se forme pendant plusieurs années à l'art du dessin en étudiant d'abord avec son père Claude Audran I, professeur de gravure à l'Académie de
Lyon et avec son oncle Charles Audran.

Charles Le Brun, dont il reste l'ami ensuite, fut aussi son professeur (1660-1664).

Audran part ensuite se perfectionner à Rome de 1665 à 1668. Rappelé par Jean-Baptiste Colbert, il se fixe à Paris et est nommé graveur et pensionnaire du roi[2].
Il est nommé pensionnaire à l'Académie royale de peinture en 1674 avant d'obtenir le titre de Conseiller de l'Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture le 21
novembre 1681[2],[1]. Il est l'un des principaux graveurs d'interprétation du règne de Louis XIV.

Il fut inhumé dans l'église Saint-Benoît-le-Bétourné de Paris dont, à sa démolition en 1831, les ossements furent transférés aux catacombes[3].

Œuvre
Il grava, entre autres tableaux :

 les Batailles d'Alexandre de Le Brun ;

 l'Enlèvement de la Vérité ;

 plusieurs autres œuvres de Nicolas Poussin ;

 le Martyre de Saint-Laurent d'Eustache Lesueur.

 Rosaire admirable c.1680 - d'après Domenichino dit Zampieri 1581-1641

Il publia aussi un recueil de 30 planches Les proportions du corps humain, mesurées sur les plus belles figures de l'Antiquité qui parut en 1683, avant une
nouvelle publication en 1785, en 1801 et une dernière en 1855.

Élèves

 Louis Desplaces.

 Nicolas-Henri Tardieu.

Reconnaissance

 La rue Audran dans le 18e arrondissement de Paris porte son nom.

 Une statue le représente sur la fontaine des Jacobins à Lyon.

 Notes et références

1. ↑ a, b et c Fiche BnF de Gérard Audran.

2. ↑ a et b Dezobry et Bachelet, Dictionnaire de biographie, t. 1, Ch. Delagrave, 1876, p. 172
3. ↑ « Église Saint Benoît de Paris (disparue) », sur https://www.tombes-sepultures.com (consulté le9 février 2017)

Annexes
Bibliographie

 Gérard Audran, Les proportions du corps humain : mesurées sur les plus belles figures de l'Antiquité, 1683

 « Audran (Gérard ou Girard) », Bénézit, t. ABF. - DBF., 1976 et 1999

 Roger-Armand Weigert, Estampes, Inventaire du fonds français, graveurs du XVIIe siècle, 1939, t. I (Alix - Boudeau), p. 124-149

 Cet article comprend des extraits du Dictionnaire Bouillet. Il est possible de supprimer cette indication, si le texte reflète le savoir actuel sur ce thème, si les sources sont citées, s'il
satisfait aux exigences linguistiques actuelles et s'il ne contient pas de propos qui vont à l'encontre des règles de neutralité de Wikipédia.

Article connexe

 Famille Audran

 Atelier de Carlo Maratta

Liens externes
 Notices d'autorité  : Fichier d’autorité international virtuel • International Standard Name Identifier • Union List of Artist Names • Bibliothèque
nationale de France (données) • Système universitaire de documentation • Bibliothèque du Congrès • Gemeinsame Normdatei • Bibliothèque nationale
d’Espagne • Bibliothèque royale des Pays-Bas • Bibliothèque apostolique vaticane • Id RKDartists • Bibliothèque nationale d’Irlande • WorldCat

  Portail de la gravure et de l'estampe

  Portail de la France du Grand Siècle

  Portail de la France
Catégories : 

 Naissance à Lyon

 Naissance en août 1640

 Décès en juillet 1703

 Décès à Paris

 Décès à 62 ans

 Graveur français du XVIIe siècle

 Graveur en taille-douce

 Graveur baroque

 Dessinateur français

 Membre de l'Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture

RELATED RESEARCH TOPICS
1. Lyon – Lyon or Lyons is a city in east-central France, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, about 470 km from Paris and 320 km from Marseille. Inhabitants of
the city are called Lyonnais, Lyon had a population of 506,615 in 2014 and is Frances third-largest city after Paris and Marseille. Lyon is the capital of the
Metropolis of Lyon and the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, the metropolitan area of Lyon had a population of 2,237,676 in 2013, the second-largest in France
after Paris. The city is known for its cuisine and gastronomy and historical and architectural landmarks and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Lyon was
historically an important area for the production and weaving of silk. It played a significant role in the history of cinema, Auguste, the city is also known for its
famous light festival, Fête des Lumières, which occurs every 8 December and lasts for four days, earning Lyon the title of Capital of Lights. Economically, Lyon is a
centre for banking, as well as for the chemical, pharmaceutical. The city contains a significant software industry with a focus on video games. Lyon hosts the
headquarters of Interpol, Euronews, and International Agency for Research on Cancer. Lyon was ranked 19th globally and second in France for innovation in 2014
and it ranked second in France and 39th globally in Mercers 2015 liveability rankings. These refugees had been expelled from Vienne by the Allobroges and were
now encamped at the confluence of the Saône and Rhône rivers, dio Cassius says this task was to keep the two men from joining Mark Antony and bringing their
armies into the developing conflict. The Roman foundation was at Fourvière hill and was officially called Colonia Copia Felix Munatia, a name invoking prosperity,
the city became increasingly referred to as Lugdunum. The earliest translation of this Gaulish place-name as Desired Mountain is offered by the 9th-century
Endlicher Glossary, in contrast, some modern scholars have proposed a Gaulish hill-fort named Lugdunon, after the Celtic god Lugus, and dúnon. It then became
the capital of Gaul, partly due to its convenient location at the convergence of two rivers, and quickly became the main city of Gaul. Two emperors were born in
city, Claudius, whose speech is preserved in the Lyon Tablet in which he justifies the nomination of Gallic senators. Today, the archbishop of Lyon is still referred
to as Primat des Gaules, the Christians in Lyon were martyred for their beliefs under the reigns of various Roman emperors, most notably Marcus Aurelius and
Septimus Severus. Local saints from this period include Blandina, Pothinus, and Epipodius, in the second century AD, the great Christian bishop of Lyon was the
Easterner, Irenaeus. Burgundian refugees fleeing the destruction of Worms by the Huns in 437 were re-settled by the commander of the west, Aëtius. This
became the capital of the new Burgundian kingdom in 461, in 843, by the Treaty of Verdun, Lyon, with the country beyond the Saône, went to Lothair I
2. France – France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or
metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, Overseas France include French Guiana on the
South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans 643,801 square kilometres and had a population of
almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary republic with the capital in Paris. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice,
Toulouse, during the Iron Age, what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls, a Celtic people. The area was annexed in 51 BC by Rome, which
held Gaul until 486, France emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages, with its victory in the Hundred Years War strengthening state-building
and political centralisation. During the Renaissance, French culture flourished and a colonial empire was established. The 16th century was dominated by civil
wars between Catholics and Protestants. France became Europes dominant cultural, political, and military power under Louis XIV, in the 19th century Napoleon
took power and established the First French Empire, whose subsequent Napoleonic Wars shaped the course of continental Europe. Following the collapse of the
Empire, France endured a succession of governments culminating with the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870. Following liberation in 1944, a
Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the Algerian War, the Fifth Republic, led by Charles de Gaulle, was formed in 1958 and
remains to this day. Algeria and nearly all the colonies became independent in the 1960s with minimal controversy and typically retained close economic. France
has long been a centre of art, science. It hosts Europes fourth-largest number of cultural UNESCO World Heritage Sites and receives around 83 million foreign
tourists annually, France is a developed country with the worlds sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest by purchasing power parity. In terms of
household wealth, it ranks fourth in the world. France performs well in international rankings of education, health care, life expectancy, France remains a great
power in the world, being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and an official nuclear-weapon state. It
is a member state of the European Union and the Eurozone. It is also a member of the Group of 7, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and Development, the World Trade Organization, originally applied to the whole Frankish Empire, the name France comes from the Latin Francia, or
country of the Franks
3. Paris – Paris is the capital and most populous city of France. It has an area of 105 square kilometres and a population of 2,229,621 in 2013 within its
administrative limits, the agglomeration has grown well beyond the citys administrative limits. By the 17th century, Paris was one of Europes major centres of
finance, commerce, fashion, science, and the arts, and it retains that position still today. The aire urbaine de Paris, a measure of area, spans most of the Île-de-
France region and has a population of 12,405,426. It is therefore the second largest metropolitan area in the European Union after London, the Metropole of
Grand Paris was created in 2016, combining the commune and its nearest suburbs into a single area for economic and environmental co-operation. Grand Paris
covers 814 square kilometres and has a population of 7 million persons, the Paris Region had a GDP of €624 billion in 2012, accounting for 30.0 percent of the
GDP of France and ranking it as one of the wealthiest regions in Europe. The city is also a rail, highway, and air-transport hub served by two international airports,
Paris-Charles de Gaulle and Paris-Orly. Opened in 1900, the subway system, the Paris Métro. It is the second busiest metro system in Europe after Moscow
Metro, notably, Paris Gare du Nord is the busiest railway station in the world outside of Japan, with 262 millions passengers in 2015. In 2015, Paris received 22.2
million visitors, making it one of the top tourist destinations. The association football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français are based
in Paris, the 80, 000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the neighbouring commune of Saint-Denis. Paris
hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on the red clay of Roland Garros, Paris hosted the 1900 and 1924 Summer Olympics and is bidding
to host the 2024 Summer Olympics. The name Paris is derived from its inhabitants, the Celtic Parisii tribe. Thus, though written the same, the name is not related
to the Paris of Greek mythology. In the 1860s, the boulevards and streets of Paris were illuminated by 56,000 gas lamps, since the late 19th century, Paris has
also been known as Panam in French slang. Inhabitants are known in English as Parisians and in French as Parisiens and they are also pejoratively called
Parigots. The Parisii, a sub-tribe of the Celtic Senones, inhabited the Paris area from around the middle of the 3rd century BC. One of the areas major north-south
trade routes crossed the Seine on the île de la Cité, this place of land and water trade routes gradually became a town
4. Gravure – Engraving is the practice of incising a design onto a hard, usually flat surface by cutting grooves into it. Wood engraving is a form of printing and is
not covered in this article. Engraving was an important method of producing images on paper in artistic printmaking, in mapmaking. Other terms often used for
printed engravings are copper engraving, copper-plate engraving or line engraving, hand engraving is a term sometimes used for engraving objects other than
printing plates, to inscribe or decorate jewellery, firearms, trophies, knives and other fine metal goods. Traditional engravings in printmaking are also engraved,
using just the same techniques to make the lines in the plate. Each graver is different and has its own use, engravers use a hardened steel tool called a burin, or
graver, to cut the design into the surface, most traditionally a copper plate. Modern professional engravers can engrave with a resolution of up to 40 lines per mm
in high grade work creating game scenes, dies used in mass production of molded parts are sometimes hand engraved to add special touches or certain
information such as part numbers. In addition to engraving, there are engraving machines that require less human finesse and are not directly controlled by hand.
They are usually used for lettering, using a pantographic system, there are versions for the insides of rings and also the outsides of larger pieces. Such machines
are used for inscriptions on rings, lockets. Gravers come in a variety of shapes and sizes that yield different line types, the burin produces a unique and
recognizable quality of line that is characterized by its steady, deliberate appearance and clean edges. The angle tint tool has a curved tip that is commonly used
in printmaking. Florentine liners are flat-bottomed tools with multiple lines incised into them, ring gravers are made with particular shapes that are used by jewelry
engravers in order to cut inscriptions inside rings. Flat gravers are used for work on letters, as well as wriggle cuts on most musical instrument engraving work,
remove background. Knife gravers are for line engraving and very deep cuts, round gravers, and flat gravers with a radius, are commonly used on silver to create
bright cuts, as well as other hard-to-cut metals such as nickel and steel. Square or V-point gravers are typically square or elongated diamond-shaped and used for
cutting straight lines, V-point can be anywhere from 60 to 130 degrees, depending on purpose and effect. These gravers have very small cutting points, other tools
such as mezzotint rockers, roulets and burnishers are used for texturing effects. Burnishing tools can also be used for stone setting techniques
5. Charles Le Brun – Charles Le Brun was a French painter and art theorist. Declared by Louis XIV the greatest French artist of all time, he was a dominant figure
in 17th-century French art, born in Paris, he attracted the notice of Chancellor Séguier, who placed him at the age of eleven in the studio of Simon Vouet. He was
also a pupil of François Perrier, in Rome he remained four years in the receipt of a pension due to the liberality of the chancellor. There he worked under Poussin,
adapting the latters theories of art, on his return to Paris in 1646, Le Brun found numerous patrons, of whom Superintendent Fouquet was the most important, for
whom he painted a large portrait of Anne of Austria. Employed at Vaux-le-Vicomte, Le Brun ingratiated himself with Mazarin, then secretly pitting Colbert against
Fouquet, Colbert also promptly recognized Le Bruns powers of organization, and attached him to his interests. Together they took control of the Academy of
Painting and Sculpture, and the Academy of France at Rome, another project Le Brun worked on was Hôtel Lambert. The ceiling in the gallery of Hercules was
painted by him, Le Brun started work on the project in 1650, shortly after his return from Italy. The decoration continued intermittently over twelve years or so, as it
was interrupted by the renovation of Vaux le Vicomte. In 1660 they established the Gobelins, which at first was a school for the manufacture, not of tapestries only.
He was the originator of Louis XIV Style and gave a direction to the national tendencies which endured centuries after his death, the King had declared him the
greatest French artist of all time. From this date all that was done in the palaces was directed by Le Brun. In 1663, he director of the Académie royale de peinture
et de sculpture. While he was working on The Battles, Le Bruns style became more personal as he moved away from the ancient masters that influenced him. Le
Bruns decoration is not only a work of art, it is the monument of a reign. This contributed to the illness which on 22 February 1690 ended in his death in his private
mansion, Le Brun primarily worked for King Louis XIV, for whom he executed large altarpieces and battle pieces. His most important paintings are at Versailles,
besides his gigantic labours at Versailles and the Louvre, the number of his works for religious corporations and private patrons is enormous. Le Brun was also a
fine portraitist and an excellent draughtsman, but he was not fond of portrait or landscape painting, what mattered was scholarly composition, whose ultimate goal
was to nourish the spirit. For Le Brun, a painting represented a story one could read, nearly all his compositions have been reproduced by celebrated engravers
6. Dessin – Drawing is a form of visual art in which a person uses various drawing instruments to mark paper or another two-dimensional medium. A drawing
instrument releases small amount of material onto a surface, the most common support for drawing is paper, although other materials, such as cardboard, plastic,
leather, canvas, and board, may be used. Temporary drawings may be made on a blackboard or whiteboard or indeed almost anything, the medium has been a
popular and fundamental means of public expression throughout human history. It is one of the simplest and most efficient means of communicating visual ideas,
the wide availability of drawing instruments makes drawing one of the most common artistic activities. In addition to its artistic forms, drawing is frequently used in
commercial illustration, animation, architecture, engineering. A quick, freehand drawing, usually not intended as a work, is sometimes called a sketch. An artist
who practices or works in technical drawing may be called a drafter, Drawing is one of the major forms of expression within the visual arts. It is generally
concerned with the marking of lines and areas of tone onto paper/other material, traditional drawings were monochrome, or at least had little colour, while modern
colored-pencil drawings may approach or cross a boundary between drawing and painting. In Western terminology, drawing is distinct from painting, even though
similar media often are employed in both tasks, dry media, normally associated with drawing, such as chalk, may be used in pastel paintings. Drawing may be
done with a medium, applied with brushes or pens. Drawing is often exploratory, with emphasis on observation, problem-solving. Drawing is also used in
preparation for a painting, further obfuscating their distinction. Drawings created for these purposes are called studies, there are several categories of drawing,
including figure drawing, cartooning, doodling, free hand and shading. There are also many drawing methods, such as drawing, stippling, shading, the surrealist
method of entopic graphomania. A quick, unrefined drawing may be called a sketch, in fields outside art, technical drawings or plans of buildings, machinery,
circuitry and other things are often called drawings even when they have been transferred to another medium by printing. Drawing as a Form of Communication
Drawing is one of the oldest forms of human expression and these drawings, known as pictograms, depicted objects and abstract concepts. The sketches and
paintings produced in prehistoric times were eventually stylised and simplified, Drawing in the Arts Drawing is used to express ones creativity, and therefore has
been prominent in the world of art. Throughout much of history, drawing was regarded as the foundation for artistic practise, initially, artists used and reused
wooden tablets for the production of their drawings
7. Charles Audran – Charles Audran was a French engraver Charles Audran was the first of the Audran family who became eminent in the art of engraving. He
was born in Paris in 1594, in his boyhood he showed a great disposition for the art. He received some instruction in drawing, and when still young went to Rome to
complete his studies, there he produced some plates that were admired. He adopted that species of engraving that is performed with the graver. On his return to
France he lived for time in Lyons, but finally settled in Paris. The following are his principal prints, Henri of Condé, with the Four Cardinal Virtues, K. Audran, andre
Laurent, physician to Henry IV, oval. Pierre Séguier, oval, with ornaments, after Chauveau, an allegorical subject, of two Portraits, with a Genius painting a third
Portrait, inscribed on the pallet, unus ex duobus, signed C. The title for the Gallery of the Great Women, representing Anne of Austria and nineteen other eminent
women, with a subject from their life in the background, after Pietro da Cortona. The Annunciation, inscribed Spiritus Sanctus, fe. after Lodovico Carracci,
incorrectly attributed on the plate to Annibale, very fine, the Baptism of Christ, small oval, after Ann. St. Francis de Paula, after Mellin, marked Carl, the Stoning of
Stephen, after Palma the younger. The Conception of the Virgin Mary, after Stella, the Holy Family, with St. Catharine and Angels, after the same, fine. The Virgin
and Infant Jesus, St. John presenting an Apple, the Virgin Mary and Infant Jesus treading on the Serpent, after G. L. Valesio. A Thesis, representing Religion as
the true Knowledge, inscribed Non judiciamus, &c, St. Francis de Paula in ecstasy before the Sacrament, after S. Vouet. Frontispiece for a Book, Fame holding
the Portrait of Cardinal Mazarin, the Assumption of the Virgin, after Domenichino. Meyers Künstler-Lexikon lists 223 of his works
8. Rome – Rome is a special comune and the capital of Italy. Rome also serves as the capital of the Lazio region, with 2,873,598 residents in 1,285 km2, it is also
the countrys largest and most populated comune and fourth-most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. It is the center of the
Metropolitan City of Rome, which has a population of 4.3 million residents, the city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, within Lazio,
along the shores of the Tiber. Romes history spans more than 2,500 years, while Roman mythology dates the founding of Rome at only around 753 BC, the site
has been inhabited for much longer, making it one of the oldest continuously occupied sites in Europe. The citys early population originated from a mix of Latins,
Etruscans and it was first called The Eternal City by the Roman poet Tibullus in the 1st century BC, and the expression was also taken up by Ovid, Virgil, and Livy.
Rome is also called the Caput Mundi, due to that, Rome became first one of the major centres of the Italian Renaissance, and then the birthplace of both the
Baroque style and Neoclassicism. Famous artists, painters, sculptors and architects made Rome the centre of their activity, in 1871 Rome became the capital of
the Kingdom of Italy, and in 1946 that of the Italian Republic. Rome has the status of a global city, Rome ranked in 2014 as the 14th-most-visited city in the world,
3rd most visited in the European Union, and the most popular tourist attraction in Italy. Its historic centre is listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site,
monuments and museums such as the Vatican Museums and the Colosseum are among the worlds most visited tourist destinations with both locations receiving
millions of tourists a year. Rome hosted the 1960 Summer Olympics and is the seat of United Nations Food, however, it is a possibility that the name Romulus was
actually derived from Rome itself. As early as the 4th century, there have been alternate theories proposed on the origin of the name Roma. There is
archaeological evidence of occupation of the Rome area from approximately 14,000 years ago. Evidence of stone tools, pottery and stone weapons attest to about
10,000 years of human presence, several excavations support the view that Rome grew from pastoral settlements on the Palatine Hill built above the area of the
future Roman Forum. Between the end of the age and the beginning of the Iron age. However, none of them had yet an urban quality, nowadays, there is a wide
consensus that the city was gradually born through the aggregation of several villages around the largest one, placed above the Palatine. All these happenings,
which according to the excavations took place more or less around the mid of the 8th century BC. Despite recent excavations at the Palatine hill, the view that
Rome has been indeed founded with an act of will as the legend suggests in the middle of the 8th century BC remains a fringe hypothesis. Traditional stories
handed down by the ancient Romans themselves explain the earliest history of their city in terms of legend and myth