International Journal of Advanced Educational Research
International Journal of Advanced Educational Research
ISSN: 2455-6157
Impact Factor: RJIF 5.12
www.educationjournal.org
Volume 2; Issue 6; November 2017; Page No. 383-384
Hkkjrh; lafo/kku esa la”kks/ku dh izfØ;k
dq̐oj HkkLdj ifjgkj
,e-,- jktuhfr foKku] N=ifr “kkgw th egkjkt fo”ofo|ky; dkuiqj ] mÙkj çns'k] HkkjrA
çLrkouk
lafo/kku og fyf[kr nLrkost gS] ftlds vk/kkj ij fdlh ns”k
dh iz”kklfud O;oLFkk dk lapkyu gksrk gSA lafo/kku dh
izklafxdrk cuk;s j[kus ds fy;s ;g vko”;d gksrk gS fd
nfyr ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vuqlkj mlesa ifjorZu fd;k tk;A blh
ds vUrxZr Hkkjrh; lafo/kku esa Hkh la”kks/ku dh izfØ;k dks
viukdj mls xfr”khyrk iznku dh xbZ gSA
foxr dqN le; ls ns”k esa vDlj U;k;ikfydk rFkk
dk;Zikfydk ds e/; fookn@Vdjko dh fLFkfr cuh jgrh gSA
;s fookn izk;% buds vf/kdkj {ks= ds vfrØe.k ls lEcfU/kr
gksrs gSaA ,d rjQ tgka dk;Zikfydk orZeku dh vko”;drk
dk gokyk nsdj lafo/kku esa la”kks/ku dh ckr djrh gS] ogha
nwljh rjQ U;k;ikfydkA
bUgsa laoS/kkfud micU/kksa ds izfrdwy crkdj vekU; ?kksf’kr dj
nsrh gS] tSlk fd mlus 99osa lafo/kku la”kks/ku vf/kfu;e
¼U;kf;d fu;qfDr vk;skx½ ds lUnHkZ esa fd;kA bl izfjizs{; esa
;g tkuuk egRoiw.kZ gks tkrk gS fd lafo/kku la”kks/ku dk
rkRi;Z D;k gS] ;g dSls gksrk gS ;k bldh izfØ;k D;k gS\
D;ksa t:jh gS lafo/kku la”kks/ku\
izR;sd lafo/kku dh izklafxdrk dks cuk;s j[kus ds fy;s le;
ds vuqlkj mlesa la”kks/ku vko”;d gksrk gSA Hkkjrh; lafo/kku
esa Hkh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ,oa vko”;drkvkaas ds vuq:Ik mls la”kksf/kr
vkSj O;ofLFkr djus dh O;oLFkk gSA Hkkjrh; lafo/kku esa
la”kks/ku dh izfØ;k esa dBksjrk o yphysiu dk leUo; gSA
Hkkjrh; lafo/kku esa la”kks/ku dh izfØ;k u rks la;qDr jkT;
vesfjdk dh Hkkafr dBksj gS vkSj u gh fczVsu dh Hkkafr yphyh]
cfYd gekjs lafo/kku la”kks/ku dh izfØ;k esa dBksjrk o
yphysiu dk leUo; gSA
lafo/kku ds Hkkx&22 ds vUrxZr vuqPNsn&368 esa laln dks
lafo/kku ,oa bldh O;oLFkk esa la”kks/ku dh “kfDr iznku dh xbZ
gS] ftlesa ;g mYysf[kr gS fd laln viuh lafo/kk;h “kfDr dk
iz;ksx djrs gq, bl lafo/kku ds micU/k dk ifjo)Zu] ifjorZu
;k fujlu ds :Ik esa la”kks/ku dj ldrh gS] ysfdu og
lafo/kku ds ewy <kapk dh O;oLFkkvksa ;k micU/kksa dks la”kksf/kr
ugha dj ldrh gSA ¼ds”kokuUn Hkkjrh okn] 1973½
la”kks/ku dh izfØ;k
lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn&368 esa lafo/kku esa la”kks/ku dh izfØ;k dk
o.kZu fd;k x;k gS] tks fuEu izdkj gS&
 lafo/kku ds la”kks/ku dk vkjEHk laln ds fdlh Hkh lnu
¼yksdlHkk@jkT;lHkk½ esa fo/ks;d iqj%LFkkfir djds gh
fd;k tk ldsxk] ysfdu jkT; fo/kkue.My esa ughaA
 fo/ks;d dks fdlh eU=h ;k xSj&ljdkjh lnL; }kjk
iqj%LFkkfir fd;k tk ldrk gS] blds fy;s jk’Vªifr dh
iwoZ Lohd`fr vko”;d ugha gksrh gSA
 fo/ks;d dks nksuksa lnuksa esa fo”ks’k cgqer ls ikfjr djkuk
vfuok;Z gSA nksuksa lnuksa ds chp vlgefr gksus ij nksuksa
lnuksa dh la;qDr cSBd dk izko/kku bl fo/ks;d dks ikfjr
djkus ds lEcU/k eas ugha gSA
 ;fn fo/ks;d lafo/kku dh la?kh; O;OkLFkk esa la”kks/ku ds
eqn~ns ij gks rks bls vk/ks jkT;ksa ds fo/kkue.Myksa ls Hkh
lkekU; cgqer ls ikfjr gksuk pkfg,A
 laln ds nksuksa lnuksa ls ikl gksus ,oa jkT; fo/kkue.Myksa
dh vuqefr ds ckn tgka vko”;d gks] fQj jk’Vªifr ds
ikl vuqefr ds fy;s Hkstk tkrk gSA
 jk’Vªifr la”kks/ku fo/ks;d ij vuqefr nsus ds fy;s ck/;
gksrk gS] og u rks fo/ks;d dks vius ikl j[k ldrk gS
vkSj u gh laln ds ikl iqufoZpkj ds fy;s Hkst ldrk gSA
 jk’Vªifr dh vuqefr ds ckn ;g fo/ks;d ,d lafo/kku
la”kks/ku vf/kfu;e cu tkrk gS vkSj lafo/kku esa vf/kfu;e
dh rjg bldk leos”k dj fn;k tkrk gSA
la”kks/ku ds izdkj
lafo/kku dk vuqPNsn&368 nks izdkj ds la”kks/kuksa dh ckr djrk
gS&igyk laln ds fo”ks’k cgqer }kjk rFkk nwljk] vk/ks jkT;ksa
}kjk ;k lk/kkj.k cgqer ds ek/;e ls vuqeksnu }kjk] ysfdu
blds vfrfjDr lafo/kku ds dqN vU; micU/k laln ds
lk/kkj.k cgqer ls gh la”kksf/kr gks ldrs gSa] ;g cgqer izR;sd
lnu esa mifLFkr ,oa ernku ¼lk/kkj.k fo/kk;h izfØ;k½ }kjk
gksrk gSA ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd bl izdkj ds la”kks/ku
vuqPNsn&368 ds mn~ns”;sa ds vUrxZr ugha gksrsA bl izdkj
lafo/kku esa la”kks/ku rhu izdkj ls gksrk gSA
 laln ds lk/kkj.k cgqer }kjk la”kks/ku
 laln ds fo”ks’k cgqer }kjk la”kks/ku
 laln ds fo”ks’k cgqer ,oa vk/ks ;k mlls vf/kd jkT;ksa ds
fo/kkue.Myksa ds vuqeksnu }kjk
lk/kkj.k cgqer }kjk la”kks/ku
lafo/kku ds vusd micU/kksa esa la”kks/ku dsoy laln ds nksuksa
lnuksa ds lk/kkj.k cgqer ls fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl izdkj
la”kks/ku vuqPNsn&368 ds vUrxZr ugha vkrs gSaA bl Js.kh ds
dqN izeq[k fo’k; fuEu izdkj gS&
 u, jkT;ksa dk izos”k ;k xBu
 u;s jkT;ksa dk fuekZ.k vkSj mlds {ks=] lhekvksa ;k
lEcfU/kr jkT;ksa ds ukeksa dk ifjorZu
 jkT; fo/kkuifj’kn dk fuekZ.k ;k mldh lekfIr
 nwljh vuqlwph&jk’Vªifr] jkT;iky] yksdlHkk v/;{k rFkk
U;k;k/kh”k vkfn ds fy;s ifjyfC/k;ka] HkRrs rFkk
fo”ks’kkf/kdkj vkfnA
 laln esa x.kewfrZ
 laln lnL;ksa ds osru ,oa HkRrs
 laln esa izfØ;k fu;e
 laln] blds lnL;ksa vkSj bldh lfefr;ksa dks
fo”ks’kkf/kdkj
 laln eas vaxzsth Hkk’kk dk iz;ksx
383
International Journal of Advanced Educational Research
 lokZsPp U;k;ky; esa U;k;k/kh”kksa dh la[;k
 lokZsPp U;k;ky; ds U;kf;d {ks= dks T;knk egRo iznku
djuk
 jktHkk’kk dk iz;ksx
 ukxfjdrk dh izkfIr ,oa lekfIr laln ,oa jkT;
fo/kkue.My ds fy;s fuokZpu
 fuokZpu {ks=ksa dk iqufuZ/kkZj.k
 ikapoha vuqlwph&vuqlwfpr {ks=ksa ,oa vuqlwfpr tutkrh;ksa
dk iz”kklu
 NBh vuqlwph&tutkrh; {ks=ksa dk iz”kklu
 dsUnz”kkflr izns”k
fo”ks’k cgqer }kjk la”kks/ku
lafo/kku ds vf/kdrj micU/kksa laln ds fo”ks’k cgqer }kjk
fd;k tkrk gS vFkkZr~ izR;sd lnu ds dqy lnL;ksa dk cgqer
rFkk izR;sd lnu ds mifLFkr vkSj ernku djus okys lnL;ksa
dk nks&frgkbZ cgqerA
fo”ks’k cgqer dh vko”;drk fo/ks;d ds rhljs iBu&pj.k ij
dsoy ernku ds fy;s vko”;d gksrh gSA bl la”kks/ku Js.kh ds
fo’k; fuEu gSA
 ewy vf/kdkj
 jkT; ds uhfr&funs”kd rRo
 os lHkh micU/k] tks izFke ,oa r`rh; Jsf.k;ksa ls lEcfU/kr
ugha gSA
fo”ks’k cgqer ,oa jkT;ksa dh Lohd`fr }kjk la”kks/ku
blds vUrxZr la?kh; <kaps ls lEcfU/kr lafo/kku ds micU/kksa dks
la”kksf/kr fd;k tk ldrk gS] ysfdu blds fy;s ;g Hkh
vko”;d gS fd de&ls&de vk/ks ls vf/kd jkT;
fo/kkue.Myksa esa lk/kkj.k cgqer ds ek/;e ls mudks vuqefr
feyh gksA gkykafd fo/ks;d dks Lohd`fr nsus ds fy;s jkT;ksa ds
fy;s dksbZ le;&lhek fu/kkZfjr ugha gSA bl Js.kh ds vUrxZr
fuEufyf[kr fo’k; vkrs gSa&
 jk’Vªifr dk fuokZpu ,oa bldh izfØ;k
 dsUnzh; dk;Zikfydk dh “kfDr dk foLrkj
 lokZsPp U;k;ky; rFkk mPp U;k;ky; dh vf/kdkfjrk
 dsUnz ,oa jkT;ksa ds chp fo/kk;h “kfDr;ksa dk foHkktu
 lkaroha vuqlwph ls lEc) dksbZ fo’k;
 laln esa jkT;ksa dk izfrfuf/kRo
 lafo/kku dk la”kks/ku djus dh laln dh “kfDr vkSj blds
fy;s izfØ;k ¼blds vUrxZr vuqPNsn&369 dk Hkh la”kks/ku
“kkfey gS½
ewy vf/kdkj ,oa lafo/kku la”kks/ku
bl iz”u ij loZizFke “kadjh izlkn ekeys ¼1952½ esa lokZsPp
U;k;ky; us dgk fd laln dks vuqPNsn&368 ds rgr la”kks/ku
dh “kfDr esa ewy vf/kdkjksa dk Hkh la”kks/ku “kkfey gS] ysfdu
xksydukFk ekeys ¼1967½ esa lokZsPp U;k;ky; us iwoZ ds vius
QSlys dks iyVrs gq, dgk fd ewy vf/kdkj Js’B vkSj
izfrjf{kr gSA vr% laln }kjk fdlh Hkh ewy vf/kdkj dks u rks
de fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj u gh gVk;k tk ldrk gSA
o’kZ 1973 esa ds”kokuUn Hkkjrh ekeys esa lokZsPp U;k;ky; us
vius iwoZ ds xksydukFk ekeys esa fn;s x;s fu.kZ; dks ifjofrZr
ugha dj ldrh] bldk rkRi;Z gS fd laln lafo/kku ds ewy
<kaps dk fgLlk cu pqds ewy vf/kdkjkas dks laln u de dj
ldrh gS vkSj u gVk ldrh gSA
gkykafd blds ckn iqu% laln us 42osa lafo/kku la”kks/ku
vf/kfu;e] 1976 ds }kjk U;k;ikfydk ds fl)kUr ij izfrfØ;k
nsrs gq, ?kks’k.kk dh fd laln dh Bksl “kfDr;ksa dh dksbZ lhek
ugha gS vkSj u gVk ldrh gSA
;|fi feuokZ feYl ekeys ¼1980½ esa lokZsPp U;k;ky; us bl
O;oLFkk dks voS/k crk;k] ftlesa lafo/kku ds ewy <kaps dks
U;kf;d leh{kk ls ckgj ekuk x;k FkkA iqu% okeu jko ekeys
¼1981½ esa lokZsPp U;k;ky; }kjk ewy <kaps dh ckr dks nksgjk;k
x;k vkSj Li’V fd;k x;k fd laoS/kkfud la”kks/ku dh fo’k;
oLrq 24 vizSy] 1973 ¼ds”kokuUn Hkkjrh ekeys ds QSlys dh
frfFk½ ds ckn ls izHkkoh gksxhA
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