ifjizs{;
D;k f'k{kk esa lekurk
dasnz ljdkj }kjk 'kSf{kd
:i ls fiNM+s iz[k.Mksa esa
Ldw y Nks M + ns u s okyh
ckfydkvksa ds fy,
dLrw j ck xka / kh ckfydk
fo|ky;ks a ds uke ls
vkoklh; Ldwy LFkkfir
djus dh uhfr dh
f'k{kkfonksa us iz'kalk dh
gSA ;g vkys[k lerk o
U;k; ds ifjizs{; ls bl
;kstuk o mlds
fØ;kUo;u dh foospuk
djrk gS vkSj loky djrk
gS fd D;k bl rjg dh
fo'ks " k Ldw y h O;oLFkk,a
lekurk ds fl)kar dks
pksV ugha igqapkrha\
chrk ljksdkj cu pqdk gS\
lk/kuk lDlsuk
vk tknh ds ckn ds ;qx esa jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr] 1986 }kjk ckfydkvksa vkSj fL=k;ksa
dh f'k{kk ij dkQh /;ku fn;k x;k] tks t:jh Hkh Fkk ¼iqukpk rFkk xksiky 2004(
jk"Vªh; Qksdl lewg 2007 ch½A Ldwyksa esa yxkrkj utj vkus okyh ckfydkvksa dh
vleku Hkkxhnkjh] Hkkjr esa c<+rh ukjhoknh psruk rFkk vkanksyuksa dk ncko vkSj
varjkZ"Vªh; ck/;rkvksa o dfVc)rkvksa us jk"Vªh; rFkk jkT; ljdkjksa dks ,slh iwjd
;kstuk,a cukus ij ck/; fd;k ftuls f'k{kk esa yM+fd;ksa dh Hkkxhnkjh c<+sA buesa ls
dqN ;kstuk,a rks lHkh ckfydkvksa ds fy, cuha] rks dqN dsoy mu ckfydkvksa ds fy,
tks oafpr leqnk;ksa ls gSaA ,slh ;kstuk,a leku 'kSf{kd volj rFkk ;ksX;rk ds mu
fl)kUrksa ds foijhr yx ldrh gSa ftudh iqf"V 1966 ds dksBkjh vk;ksx rFkk 1986
dh jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr us dh FkhA ijUrq D;ksafd] ^^lkekftd oxZ cktkj esa leku
gSfl;r ls izos'k ugha djrs** ¼gSYls o vU; 1997 % 257½] egt leku 'kSf{kd volj
lekurk lqfuf'pr ugha djrsA blfy, ;g t:jh yxrk gS fd lerk o U;k; lqfuf'pr
djuk gks rks iwjd uhfrxr fu.kZ; Hkh fy, tk,aA ,sls fu.kZ; ^^mu xgjs iSBh
vlekurkvksa rFkk vU;k;ksa dh psruk esa fLFkr gksrs gSa--- tks neu ds bfrgkl ls mits
gksa** ¼osykLdj] 2010 % 63½A ;g ckr lkekU;r% Lohdkjh tkrh gS fd Hkkjr tSls
lekt esa] tks fir`lÙkkRed gksus ds lkFk tkfr] oxZ] /keZ rFkk u`tkrh; vk/kkj ij caVk
gks] ckfydkvksa dks] [kklrkSj ls v/khuLFk lewgksa dh ckfydkvksa dks] vxj vkSipkfjd
f'k{kk esa 'kkfey djuk gks rks iwjd mik;ksa dh t:jr gksxh ghA
fQygky tks iwjd ;kstuk,a gSa muesa izkjafHkd Lrj rd dh lHkh ckfydkvksa dks fu%'kqYd
x.kos'k rFkk ikB~;iqLrdsa ckaVuk] lSds.Mjh rFkk lhfu;j lSds.Mjh Lrj rd dh Nk=kkvksa
dks ;ksX;rk ds vk/kkj ij Nk=ko`fÙk nsuk vkSj vuqlwfpr tkfr o tutkfr dh
ckfydkvksa dks fo'ks"k Nk=ko`fÙk nsuk 'kkfey gSA blds vfrfjDr izkjafHkd Lrj rd ds
lHkh cPpksa ds fy, e/;kÌ Hkkstu o fu%'kqYd f'k{kk dh ;kstuk,a Hkh gSaA e/; izns'k
rFkk fcgkj esa vuqlwfpr tkfr rFkk tutkfr dh ckfydkvksa dks lkbfdysa Hkh nh tk
jgh gSa] ftUgsa vkxs dh i<+kbZ ds fy, nwj rd tkuk iM+rk gSA
fnYyh ljdkj us xjhch js[kk ds uhps vkus okys ifjokjksa dh yM+fd;ksa ds fy, ^ykMyh
;kstuk* uke ls ,d l'krZ ^dS'k VªkalQj* ;kstuk Hkh izkjaHk dh gSA blds rgr ckfydk
f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2013 5
ds cSad [kkrs esa ,d r;'kqnk jkf'k izfr o"kZ tek dj nh tkrh
gSA ;g ;kstuk ckfydkvksa dks mPp f'k{kk dh fn'kk esa izsfjr
djus ds fy, cukbZ xbZ gSA ;kstuk ds vuqlkj cSad esa tek jkf'k
ckfydk dks i<+kbZ iwjh djus vkSj 18 o"kZ dh gks tkus ij
feysxhA bu ;kstukvksa ds vykok jkT; ljdkjsa vuqlwfpr tkfr
rFkk tutkfr dh ckfydkvksa rFkk ckydksa ds fy, Nk=kkokl Hkh
pykrh gSaA
dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky; 'kSf{kd :i ls fiNM+s iz[k.Mksa
esa jgus okyh vuqlwfpr tkfr] tutkfr] vU; fiNM+s oxksZa]
vYila[;dksa rFkk xjhch js[kk ds uhps fLFkr leqnk;ksa dh ckfydkvksa
dks xq.koÙkkiw.kZ f'k{kk miyC/k djokus ds edln ls LFkkfir
fd, x, gSaA ;g dsanz ljdkj dh ,d egÙoiw.kZ ;kstuk gS rFkk
f'k{kkfonksa us veweu bldh iz'kalk dh gSA ;kstuk 2004 esa izkjaHk
dh xbZ vkSj vc rd 3]000 ls Hkh vf/kd iz[k.Mksa esa ykxw dh
tk pqdh gSA ,slh ;kstuk dh vko';drk dk vkSfpR; mijksDr
leqnk;ksa dh ckfydkvksa dh f'k{kk esa Hkkxhnkjh dk vHkko crk;k
tkrk gS] tks efgyk lk{kjrk dh jk"Vªh; vkSlr ls de nj] Ldwy
NksM+us dh Åaph nj rFkk L=kh o iq#"k lk{kjrk nj esa Hkkjh varj
esa ifjyf{kr gksrk gSA ijUrq ;g ;kstuk dsoy 'kSf{kd :i ls
fiNM+s iz[k.Mksa rFkk ogka Hkh izfr CykWd dsoy 100 ckfydkvksa
rd lhfer gSA blls dbZ ljksdkj mHkjrs gSaA ;s ljksdkj jk"Vªh;
Lrj ij 'kSf{kd :i ls fiNM+s iz[k.Mksa esa ckfydkvksa dh de
Hkkxhnkjh ds O;kid eqíksa ij bl ;kstuk ds izHkko ls
lacaf/kr gSaA
uhfr dk xBu rFkk mldk :ikUrj.k
mijksDr ljdkjh uhfr;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k nks n`f"Vdks.kksa ls fd;k
tk ldrk gS % fØ;kUo;u ds n`f"Vdks.k ls] tks tehuh Lrj ij
uhfr dks ykxw djus ls tqM+k gSA nwljk] O;kid lanHkZ esa Lo;a uhfr
dks gh tkapukA uhfr ds xBu vkSj tehuh Lrj ij mlds
okLrfod :ikUrj.k esa tks varj gS] mls ckWy ¼esuM~sl rFkk
ekdksZUMsl] 2009½ ^^'kCn* ls ^^deZ** ;k O;ogkj esa mrkjus ds :i
esa of.kZr djrs gSaA ;g uhfr fo'ys"k.k dk ,d nwljk gh Lrj gSA
lk/kuk lDlsuk
fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ds f'k{kk foHkkx esa i<+krh
gSaA fd'kksj Hkkjrh laLFkk esa dk;Z djrs gq, foKku
dh ikB~;iqLrdsa cukus dk yEck vuqHko gSA
6 f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2013
blds foijhr osykLdj ¼2010½ uhfrxr 'kks/k ds {ks=k dh dfe;ksa
dks js[kkafdr djrh gSa] tks veweu uhfr ds fØ;kUo;u dh tkap
rFkk uhfr fuekZrkvksa o foÙk&nkrkvksa }kjk ;k dgsa ljdkj }kjk]
fu/kkZfjr mís';ksa rFkk y{;ksa ij uhfr ds izHkkoksa dks ekius rd
lhfer jgrk gSA Hkkjr esa uhfr laca/kh ijaijkxr 'kks/k fcjys gh
uhfr esa dh xbZ leL;k dh O;k[;k] jkT; dh izÑfr] jktuSfrd
lanHkZ vkSj uhfrxr <kapksa ls tw>rs gSaA osykLdj rdZ djrh gSa fd
uhfr laca/kh foe'kZ rFkk izfØ;k,a xgu :i ls jktuhfrd
ifj?kVuk,a gksrh gSaA ^^vr% uhfr dk mRiknu fof'k"V ,sfrgkfld
lanHkksZa ds lkekftd <kaps ds lÙkk laca/kksa dh xR;kRedrk esa fLFkr
gksuk pkfg,** ¼vkWylu o vU;] 2004½] ftUgsa osykLdj us
2010% 60 esa m)`r fd;k gS½A ;g vkys[k dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk
fo|ky; ;kstuk dh] tks ,d egÙoiw.kZ iwjd uhfrxr gLr{ksi gS]
mijksDr nksuksa gh ifjizs{;ksa ls leh{kk djrk gSA ;s ifjizs{; gSa &
uhfr dk :ikUrj.k rFkk O;kid 'kSf{kd lanHkZ esa uhfr Lo;a dk
vkykspukRed foospuA
vkys[k dk igyk Hkkx uhfr ds :ikUrj.k ds fo"k; esa varn`Zf"V
nsrk gS tks Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk izk;ksftr jk"Vªh; ewY;kadu fjiksVZ
¼loZ f'k{kk vfHk;ku] 2007] 2008ch½] jkT; Lrj ij ;wfulsQ
}kjk fd;k x;k v/;;u ¼2010½] dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky;ksa
ds izR;{k voyksduksa rFkk bl fo"k; ij miyC/k vU; ys[ku ij
vk/kkfjr gSA blesa vk/kkjHkwr lajpuk o ekuoh; lalk/ku tSlh
vU; lqfo/kkvksa] Nk=kkvksa ds p;u dh izfØ;k] muds ldkjkRed
vuqHkoksa] vyxkoksa rFkk e/;oxhZ; dk;ZdrkZvksa o ckfydkvksa ds
futh thou ds varjksa ds dkj.k fo'on`f"V laca/kh Vdjkoksa]
fl[kkus rFkk lh[kus dh xq.koÙkk] vkoklh; f'k{kdksa dh dk;Z
fLFkfr;ksa] mudh Lok;Ùkrk laca/kh eqíksa rFkk LFkkuh; vf/kdkfj;ksa
ls muds laca/kksa vkfn dh leh{kk 'kkfey gSA ;kstuk esa xq.koÙkk
ij fn, tkus okys cy ds lanHkZ esa ;g leh{kk d{kk esa viuk,
x, rkSj&rjhdksa dh xgu le> dh vko';drk] f'k{kdksa dh
vdknfed rS;kjh rFkk f'k{k.k ifj.kkeksa dks xgjkbZ ls le>us
dh t:jr dks Hkh js[kkafdr djrh gSA
vkys[k dk nwljk Hkkx leku 'kSf{kd voljksa rFkk okLrfod
lekurk dh cglksa ds lanHkZ esa bl uhfr dh leh{kk djrk gSA
;g Hkkx f'k{kk rFkk lkekftd cnyko ds chp ds }a}kRed
laca/k ij ekStwnk cglksa dk la{ksi esa mYys[k djrk gS vkSj rdZ
djrk gS fd ,slh fof'k"V ;kstuk,a leku 'kSf{kd volj ds
fl)kUr ds R;kxs tkus dh iqf"V djrh gSa vkSj bl izdkj muds
U;k; lac/a kh mís';ksa dks detksj cukrh gSAa bl fgLls esa fuEufyf[kr
iz'uksa ij fparu dh ps"Vk Hkh dh xbZ gS % foxr ikap&Ng n'kdksa
esa uhfrxr cnykoksa dh izÑfr D;k jgh gS\ & leku 'kSf{kd
volj ds uhfrxr fl)kUr ls rFkk iwjd mik;ksa gVdj dqN ds
fy, fo'ks"k ;kstukvksa rd\ dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky;
tSlh U;wure uhfrxr gLr{ksiksa ij ;g cgl D;ksa ugha mHkjh gS
fd D;k ljdkj lHkh cPpksa dks xq.koÙkkiw.kZ f'k{kk eqgS;k djokus
ds vius ?kksf"kr rFkk cgq&izpkfjr y{; ls dUuh dkV jgh gS\
lHkh jktdh; fo|ky;ksa esa] tgka vf/kdka'k ckfydk,a i<+rh gSa]
uoksn; fo|ky;ksa] ekWMy Ldwyksa ;k dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk
fo|ky;ksa tSlh lalk/ku vkSj lqfo/kk,a D;ksa ugha gSa\ lcls
egÙoiw.kZ iz'u ;g gS fd ,slh fo'ks"k ;kstukvksa ij /;ku dsafnzr
djuk vkSj mudh n`';rk D;k vf/kdka'k ljdkjh Ldwyksa dh
Hk;kud fLFkfr ij inkZ ugha Mkyrh\
1- uhfr dk fØ;kUo;u
nwjLFk bykdksa esa jgus okys xzkeh.k fo|kfFk;ksZa dh f'k{kk rd
vleku igqap dh leL;k dk lek/kku ges'kk ls vkoklh; Ldwy
rFkk Nk=kkokl [kksyus dh uhfr dks ekuk tkrk jgk gSA jkT;
vkfnoklh rFkk lekt dY;k.k ¼vc lkekftd U;k;½ foHkkx
vuqlwfpr tkfr rFkk tutkfr ds cPpksa ds fy, vkJe 'kkyk,a
¼vkoklh; Ldwy½ rFkk Nk=kkokl pykrs jgs gSaA bu 'kkykvksa rFkk
Nk=kkoklksa dh fLFkfr;ksa vkSj fØ;kdykiksa ds fo"k; esa fofHkUu
vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr vk;ksx] lfefr fjiksVsZa vkSj 'kks/k
v/;;u vko';d varnZ`f"V miyC/k djokrs jgs gSaA vkJe
'kkykvksa ds foLr`r voyksdu ogka dh Hk;kog thou ifjfLFkfr;ks]a
?kfV;k izca/ku] vdq'kyrk] HkkbZ&Hkrhtkokn] Hkz"Vkpkj rFkk ?kfV;k
'kSf{kd Lrjksa dks Li"V djrs gSaA Nk=kkoklksa esa Hkh fLFkfr;ka ,slh
gh gSaA lkFk gh ogka HkhM+HkkM+] vLoPNrk] ?kfV;k Hkkstu] jksx
rFkk dqiks"k.k dh O;kidrk rFkk fpfdRldh; lqfo/kkvksa ds
vHkko tSlh leL;k,a Hkh gSa ¼jk"Vªh; Qksdl lewg 2007,½A
;wfulsQ ¼2010½ dh laf{kIr fjiksVZ tks e/; izns'k esa ckfydk
f'k{kk dh fLFkfr ds v/;;u ij vk/kkfjr gS] ;kn`fPNd :i ls
pqus x, lkr vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr ckfydk Nk=kkoklksa esa
jgus dh lEekuuh; O;oLFkk rd ds vHkko dks ntZ djrh gSA
mijksDr v/;;u dh foLr`r fjiksVZ esa lDlsuk o vU; ¼2009½
;g Li"V djrs gSa fd v/;;u esa 'kkfey fd, x, lkrksa
Nk=kkoklksa esa HkhM+HkkM+] VwVh&QwVh bekjrksa] lkQ&lQkbZ dk iw.kZ
vHkko] lqj{kk vkSj fpfdRldh; ns[kHkky ds vHkko dh xaHkhj
leL;k,a FkhaA [kkuk idkus dh leqfpr lqfo/kk,a ugha Fkha vkSj
[kkus dh xq.koÙkk ?kfV;k rFkk mldh ek=kk n;uh; :i ls
vi;kZIr FkhA Nk=kkoklksa ds dkfeZdksa dks csgn de osru feyrk
Fkk vkSj os [kk| lkexzh dh pksjh djrs Fks] ftlds pyrs Hkkstu
dh xq.koÙkk rFkk vU; lqfo/kkvksa esa vkSj Hkh fxjkoV vkrh FkhA
yxHkx lHkh lkrksa Nk=kkoklksa esa ,d ;k nks dejksa esa 50 ls 100
ckfydk,a jgrh FkhaA mudh Nrsa Vidrha Fkha] muesa dsoy nks ;k
rhu Luku?kj vkSj 'kkSpky; Fks] ftuesa u ikuh Fkk u fctyhA
mnkgj.k ds crkSj] ,d Nk=kkokl ds fo"k; esa v/;;u esa dgk
x;k ¼lDlsuk o vU; 2009 % 158½ %
Hkou dh Nr pwrh gS vkSj cjlkr esa yM+fd;ksa ds
cpus ds fy, dsoy Vkjiksyhu gSA cjlkrh ikuh dks
bdëk djus ds fy, txg&txg ckfYV;ka j[kh gqbZ
FkhaA 100 yM+fd;ksa ds fy, dsoy ,d Luku?kj gSA
Nk=kkokl dh dksbZ ckgjh nhokj ugha gS blfy,
vDlj u'ks esa /kqr iq#"k Nk=kkokl esa ?kqldj yM+fd;ksa
dks mRihfM+r djrs gSa vkSj iSlksa dh ekax djrs gSaA
,d nwljs Nk=kkokl esa ¼lDlsuk o vU; 2009 % 158½ %
77 yM+fd;ksa ds fy, dsoy ,d dejk FkkA dejk
va/ksjk vkSj xank Fkk] ftlesa yM+fd;ksa dk lkeku] xís]
rfd, vkSj pknj fc[kjh FkhaA dejs esa ,d cYc vkSj
,d ia[kk Fkk--- ;s ckfydk,a 7 xkaoksa ls Fkha tks 3 ls
7 fdeh- dh nwjh ij fLFkr FksA lHkh xjhch js[kk ds
uhps fLFkr ifjokjksa ls Fkha] tks vuqlfw pr tkfr@tutkfr
rFkk vU; fiNM+s oxZ dh Jsf.k;ksa dh Fkha--- ogka dsoy
nks 'kkSpky; dke djrs Fks vkSj nks Luku?kj Fks---
foMacuk ;g gS fd dbZ fjiksVksZa rFkk v/;;uksa us ;g Hkh ntZ fd;k
gS fd bu Ldwyksa dh deh vkSj nwjh ds dkj.k Nk=kkoklksa dh ekax
dkQh gSA ijUrq Nk=kkoklksa dh Hk;kog ifjfLFkfr;ka lh[kus ds
okrkoj.k ds izfrdwy gSa] vr% os muds mís'; dks gh foQy dj
Mkyrh gSaA
bl i`"BHkwfe esa dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky;] tks Hkkjr
ljdkj dh ;kstuk gS] laHkor% ,d rkth vkSj Lokxr ;ksX;
;kstuk gSA gkykafd ;g ;kstuk 2004 esa izkjaHk gqbZ Fkh] 2007 esa
bls loZ f'k{kk vfHk;ku esa ,d i`Fkd vax dh rjg 'kkfey dj
fy;k x;kA ;g ;kstuk oafpr i`"BHkwfe ls vkus okyh xzkeh.k
ckfydkvksa dks eq[;/kkjk ls tqM+us dk nwljk ekSdk miyC/k
djokus dk nkok djrh gSA [kkldj mu ckfydkvksa dks tks
f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2013 7
ikapoha ls vkxs ugha i<+ ikbZa vkSj ftUgsa vkSipkfjd f'k{kk esa
okil ykSVus ds fy, vfrfjDr vdknfed enn dh t:jr gSA
bl ;kstuk ds rgr ckfydkvksa dks NBh d{kk esa ukekafdr fd;k
tkrk gS vkSj ml d{kk dh vdknfed vko';drk rd igqapus
ds fy, ^lsrq ikB~;Øe* ¼fczt dkslsZl½ miyC/k djok, tkrs gSaA
dsanz ljdkj dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk djus
o mUgsa pykus ds lHkh [kpsZ ogu djrh gS] ftlesa vkBoha d{kk
rd dh Nk=kkvksa dk vkoklh; o 'kS{kf.kd O;; 'kkfey gSA
dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky; ds rhu ekWMy gSa % 100 ckfydkvksa
ds fy, Nk=kkokl rFkk Ldwy ¼ekWMy 1½] 50 ckfydkvksa ds fy,
Nk=kkokl o Ldwy ¼ekWMy 2½ rFkk 50 ckfydkvksa ds fy,
Nk=kkokl tgka ikl dh ek/;fed 'kkyk esa i<+kbZ dh O;oLFkk gks
¼ekWMy 3½A bl ;kstuk esa izR;sd iz[k.M ds fy, ,d&,d
dLrwjck ckfydk 'kkyk dk izko/kku gSA iz[k.Mksa dk p;u
'kSf{kd lwpdkadksa ds vk/kkj ij gksrk gS] tSls efgyk lk{kjrk nj
dk jk"Vªh; efgyk lk{kjrk nj ls de lk{kjrk gksuk rFkk
ckfydkvksa ds Ldwy NksM+us dh nj dk izfrdwy gksukA
bl ;kstuk esa Hkou fuekZ.k o vU; ewyHkwr lajpukvksa] d{kkvksa
ds fy, QuhZpj] dk;kZy;] iqLrdky;] fjgk;'kh dejksa dk lkeku
ftlesa rfd,] xís] pknjsa] dEcy] jlksbZ ds crZu vkfn] Hk.Mkj.k
ds crZu] lHkh vkokfl;ksa ds fy, diM+s] LVs'kujh rFkk iqLrdksa
vkfn ds fy, ljdkj /ku dk izko/kku djrh gSA lkekU;
ljdkjh Ldwyksa rFkk vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr ds Nk=kkoklksa dh
rqyuk esa dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky; dgha csgrj gSaA gkykafd
os uoksn; fo|ky;ksa ds leku ugha gSaA dqekj rFkk xqIrk ¼2008½
uoksn; fo|ky;ksa dh rqyuk esa dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky;ksa
dks de ctV ds izko/kku dh vkykspuk djrs gSaA lkFk gh
ikB~;p;kZ] fo"k;oLrq] f'k{k.k i)fr rFkk bu 'kkykvksa esa fu;qDr
f'k{kdksa ds ntsZ ds ckjs esa Hkh fpark vfHkO;Dr djrs gSaA
vk/kkjHkwr lajpuk o vU; lalk/ku
ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=kky; us dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky;
;kstuk dk ewY;kadu djok;k ¼loZ f'k{kk vfHk;ku 2007]
2008ch½A ;g ewY;kadu fjiksVZ 12 jkT;ksa esa fd, x, nkSjksa ij
vk/kkfjr gS vkSj dkQh tkudkjh nsrh gSA gkykafd ;s izfrosnu
iz'kalkRed izrhr gksrs gSa vkSj uhfr ij fopkj fd, fcuk dsoy
fØ;kUo;u i{k ij gh fVIi.kh djrs gSaA fQj Hkh os bu laLFkkvksa
ds dk;kZRed i{k ij izdk'k Mkyrs gSa vkSj tehuh Lrj ij muesa
ekStwn vlekurk dks js[kkafdr Hkh djrs gSaA bu fjiksVksZa esa
8 f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2013
lalk/kuksa] lqfo/kkvksa rFkk lajpukvksa laca/kh eqís vFkkZr~ thou
fLFkfr;ka] lh[kus ds ekgkSy ij Hkh tkudkjh ntZ gSa] tks csgrjhu
ls ysdj Hk;kog rd gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy,] ,sls Hkh dLrwjck
xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky; gSa tgka lksus] [kkuk idkus] i<+kus ds fy,
vi;kZIr LFkku gSA v/;;u ;g ntZ djrk gS fd dbZ ckj ,d
gh dejs esa rhu d{kk,a pykbZ tkrh gSaA yM+fd;ka Q'kZ ij lksrh
gSa D;ksafd ;k rks iyax ugha gSa ;k mUgsa j[k ikus ds LFkku dk
vHkko gSA Luku?kj] 'kkSpky; rFkk ikuh dk vHkko iatkc ds
flok; yxHkx lHkh dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky;ksa esa ik;k
x;kA
bu izfrosnuksa esa ckfydkvksa ds eu esa vyxko dk Hkko] ?kj dh
;kn lrkuk] ekufld VwVu] euksfof{kIrrk rFkk ,dkdhiu dk
Hkh mYys[k gSA LokLF; ds elys ij Hkh ;s izfrosnu fpark iSnk
djrs gSaA nkSjksa ds nkSjku dbZ ckfydkvksa esa [kkt tSls peZ jksx]
isV o varfM+;ksa ds jksx ik, x, tks LFkku o ikuh ds vHkko]
vLoPN ifjfLFkfr;ka rFkk iks"kd Hkkstu dh deh ls gksrs gSaA
fLFkfr blfy, vkSj Hkh fodV curh gS D;ksafd vf/kdrj dLrwjck
fo|ky;ksa dh fpfdRldh; o lqj{kk lqfo/kkvksa dh igqap gh
ugha gSA
bUgha izfrosnuksa esa okWMZu ds ikl Lok;Ùkk u gksus] #Vhu f'k{k.k
i)fr;ksa ds mi;ksx djus] vizf'kf{kr ;k vi;kZIr :i ls
izf'kf{kr f'k{kdksa ds gksus rFkk flykbZ&d<+kbZ] vpkj Mkyus tSlh
ikB~;sÙkj xfrfof/k;ksa }kjk ySafxd :<+Nfo;ksa dks iq[rk djus dk
mYys[k Hkh feyrk gSA dqN izfrosnuksa esa ,sls izek.kksa dks Hkh ntZ
fd;k x;k gS fd dqN fo|ky;ksa esa ySafxd :<+Nfo;ksa rFkk Hkkstu
ds igys ea=kkspkj }kjk fgUnqRooknh fopkjksa dks iq[rk djrs gSaA
e/;izns'k ;wfulsQ fjiksVZ ¼lDlsuk o vU; 2009½ ;kn`fPNd :i
ls ikap ftyksa ls pqus x, ikap dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky;ksa
ds vuqHkoksa dks ntZ djrh gSA jkT; ljdkj ds lapkyu funsZ'k
2007&081 esa e/; izns'k esa dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky;ksa dh
LFkkiuk dh iwoZ 'krksZa dk mYys[k gSA buesa fpfdRlk lqfo/kk dh
fudV igqap] lHkh vkokfl;ksa ds fy, e; fctyh ds vkokl dh
i;kZIr lqfo/kk,a rFkk Nk=kkokl dkfeZdksa ds fy, i`Fkd
lqfo/kkvksa] ckfydkvksa ds fy, de ls de pkj Luku?kj rFkk pkj
'kkSpky;] ikuh Hk.Mkj.k dh Vadh] ikuh mBkus ds fy, iEi]
iqLrdky;] Qksu] dEI;wVjksa] baVjusV dh lqfo/kk] iz;ksx'kkyk o
[ksydwn lkexzh rFkk izR;sd ckfydk ds fy, iyax] xík] píj]
dEcy] diM+s] Åuh diM+s] rkSfy,] van:uh diM+s] pIiy] da?kh]
Ldwyh cLrk] fdrkcsa] dkWih&isfUly bR;kfn miyC/k djokus dk
funsZ'k gSA
blds ckotwn tks ckr lnek igqapkrh gS og ;g gS fd dLrwjck
xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky;ksa esa jgus vkSj lh[kus&fl[kkus dk okrkoj.k
jkT; ljdkj }kjk lapkfyr vuqlfw pr tkfr@tutkfr ds Nk=kkoklksa
ls vf/kd fHkUu ugha FkkA dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky; ;k
rks iapk;r Hkouksa esa ;k VwVs njokts] Vidrh Nr okys fdlh
VwVs&QwVs Ldwy Hkou esa ;k fdlh fdjk, ij fy, x, xans&va/ksjs
dejksa esa fLFkr FksA bu lHkh Hkouksa esa gok&jks'kuh dk] leqfpr
lkQ&lQkbZ rFkk lqj{kkdfeZ;ksa dk vHkko FkkA fn'kk&funsZ'kksa ds
foijhr fdlh esa Hkh fu;fer ikuh o fctyh dh lqfo/kk ugha
Fkh( u gh fpfdRlk lqfo/kk rd igqap FkhA ikuh] 'kkSpky;]
Luku?kj tSlh cqfu;knh lqfo/kkvksa ds vHkko ds pyrs ckfydk,a
dsoy dHkh&dHkkj ugk ikrh Fkha ;k fQj pkj&ikap ckfydk,a ,d
lkFk ugkus ij ck/; gksrh FkhaA dgha&dgha 'kkSp ds fy, mUgsa [kqys
ukys dk mi;ksx djuk iM+rk FkkA lHkh dLrwjck fo|ky;ksa esa 50
ls 100 yM+fd;ka nks ;k rhu NksVs dejksa esa jg jgh FkhaA muds
lkeku o i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ dh phtksa dks j[kus dh dksbZ O;oLFkk ugha
FkhA lkexzh ;k rks b/kj&m/kj fc[kjh Fkh ;k fQj ,d gh est ij
<sfj;ksa esa j[kh feyhA LFkkukHkko ds dkj.k lHkh fo|ky;ksa esa os
gh dejs [kkus] i<+us vkSj lksus ds fy, dke esa fy, tk jgs FksA
iyaxksa dh la[;k ;k rks de Fkh] ftlds pyrs nks&rhu yM+fd;ka
,d ij lksus dks ck/; Fkha ;k fQj iyax Fks gh ugha] blfy,
ckfydk,a Q'kZ ij lksus dks ck/; FkhaA nks dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk
fo|ky;ksa ds fo"k; esa fy[kh xbZ fjiksVZ dk fuEu m)`r va'k
'kk;n lHkh vkokfluksa dh fu;fr dks Li"V djrk gS ¼lDlsuk
o vU;] 2009 % 154½ %
88 ckfydkvksa ds fy, dsoy nks 'kkSpky; Fks tks
Luku?kj ls lVs FksA njokts VwVs gq, Fks vkSj futrk ds
fy, mu ij VkV cka/kh gqbZ FkhA dksbZ lQkbZ dkfeZd
ugha Fkk vkSj 'kkSpky;ksa dh dHkh lQkbZ ugha dh tkrh
FkhA Luku?kj vkSj nks Luku?kjksa dh chp dh txg dk
mi;ksx ew=kky; ds :i esa gksrk Fkk--- diM+s vkSj crZu
/kksus ds fy, ckfydk,a [kqyh txg dk mi;ksx djrh
Fkha vkSj D;ksafd ikuh fudklh dh O;oLFkk ugha Fkh]
xank ikuh ogka tek gks tkrk Fkk--- jlksbZ idkus ds
fy, [kqys esa tqxkM+ cSBk;k x;k Fkk--- ikuh dh l[r
deh ds pyrs ikuh [kjhnuk iM+rk Fkk] QyLo:i
ckfydk,a Hkjh xfeZ;ksa esa Hkh lIrkg esa dsoy nks ckj
ugk ikrh FkhaA
,d vU; dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky; ds izfrosnu esa crk;k
x;k ¼lDlsuk o vU; 2009 % 154½ %
fctyh ugha FkhA dsoy pkj Luku?kj vkSj 'kkSpky;
Fks ij muesa uy ugha FksA iyax vkSj xís ugha Fks vkSj
ckfydkvksa dks cjlkr ds le; Hkh Vidrh Nr ds
uhps Q'kZ ij lksuk iM+rk FkkA [ksy ds eSnku esa ikuh
tek Fkk tgka fcPNw ik, x,A ,d cPph dks fcPNw us
dkVk vkSj okWMZu us >kM+&Qwad ds fy, vks>k dks
cqyk;kA
jkspd rF; ;g gS fd ljdkjh fn'kk&funsZ'kksa ds vk/kkj ij lkrksa
dLrwjck fo|ky;ksa ds fy, csgrj Hkouksa dk fuekZ.k djok;k x;k
FkkA ijUrq lkoZtfud fuekZ.k foHkkx rFkk f'k{kk foHkkx ds
vkilh >xM+s ds dkj.k os gLrkUrfjr ugha fd, x,A bl chp
buesa ls dqN Hkou brus VwV&QwV pqds gSa fd mudh ejEer rd
laHko ugha gSA
blds foijhr jktLFkku ds nksuksa gh dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk
fo|ky;ksa dh vk/kkjHkwr lajpuk mEnk FkhA muds lqUnj ifjlj
Fks vkSj vkoklh; Hkou] d{kk,a] iqLrdky;] jlksbZ ?kj] Hkkstu
d{k] okWMZu rFkk vU; dkfeZdksa ds vkokl vkfn i`Fkd&i`Fkd FksA
gkykafd bl lcls f'k{k.k dh xq.koÙkk lqfuf'pr ugha dh tk
ldh FkhA p;u izfØ;k esa xaHkhj leL;k,a FkhaA bl eqís rFkk vU;
lacaf/kr eqíksa ij vkys[k ds vxys Hkkx esa ppkZ dh xbZ gSA
f'k{kdksa rFkk vU; dkfeZdksa ds osru
ckotwn dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky;ksa ds iz'kaluh; mís'; ds
tks ^^lekt ds oafpr lewgksa dh ckfydkvksa dh f'k{kk rd igqap
o mldh xq.koÙkk dks lqfuf'pr djuk** gS ¼loZ f'k{kk vfHk;ku
2008, % 1½] jk"Vªh; ewY;kadu izfrosnuksa ¼loZ f'k{kk vfHk;ku]
2007] 2008 ch½] lDlsuk o vU; ¼2009½ rFkk lDlsuk ¼2011½]
ls Li"V gS fd lHkh jkT;ksa esa dLrwjck fo|ky;ksa ds f'k{kdksa rFkk
vU; dkfeZdksa dks mudh lsokvksa ds fy, csgn de osru fn;k
tkrk gSA bruk de fd blls U;wure etnwjh fu;e rd dk
mYya?ku gksrk gSA lkFk gh ;g LokYi osru@ekuns; Hkh le; ij
ugha fn;k tkrk gS tSlk fd jk"Vªh; ewY;kadu fjiksVZ rFkk e/;
izns'k ds v/;;u ls Li"V gSA dqN dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk
fo|ky;ksa esa f'k{kdksa vkSj vU; dkfeZdksa dks dbZ eghuksa rd dk
Hkqxrku ugha gqvk FkkA
mijksDr lHkh nLrkost] dqekj o xqIrk ¼2008½ vkSj ianzgoka
f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2013 9
la;qDr leh{kk fe'ku ¼tsvkj,e½ izfrosnu 2012] f'k{kdksa ds
LokYi osruksa dks ysdj xaHkhj ljksdkj O;Dr djrs gSa ¼loZ f'k{kk
vfHk;ku 2012½A fQj Hkh tks ckr ftKklk txkrh gS og ;g
gS fd dLrwjck fo|ky;ksa ds f'k{kdksa ds elys ij fofHkUu jkT;ksa
esa cnyrh f'k{kd fu;qfDr uhfr;ksa ds lanHkZ esa dHkh ppkZ ugha
dh xbZ gSA lp rks ;g gS fd foxr nks n'kdksa esa uo&mnkjoknh
ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds pyrs] Hkkjr ds dbZ jkT; O;kid Lrj ij LFkkbZ
inksa ds fy, Hkh vuqcaf/kr f'k{kdksa dks gh ys jgs gSaA
fo'o cSad }kjk of.kZr ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds O;kid lanHkZ esa dLrwjck
xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky;ksa ds f'k{kdksa ds ntsZ dks fLFkr ugha fd;k
x;k gS ¼oSyekWUM 2002½( u gh futhdj.k ds c<+rs ncko vkSj
f'k{kdksa ij vkjksi Fkksius dh o`fÙk vkSj muds laHkkfor fojks/k
ds Hk; ls muds la?kksa dks rksM+us ds iz;klksa ds lanHkZ esa bl leL;k
dks j[kk x;k gS ¼vk;lZ rFkk vk;lZ 2011½( vkSj lkFk gh
lanfHkZr varjkZ"Vªh; foe'kZ dks vuns[kk fd;k x;k gS ¼czkmu o
vU;( 1997( fogfV 1997½A bl lcls f'k{kd ds is'ks dks Hkkjh
uqdlku igqapk gSA
gky esa NÙkhlx<+ esa vuqcaf/kr f'k{kdksa us O;kid Lrj ij
fojks/k fd;k vkSj mu ij ykBhpktZ gqvk ¼bl ?kVuk dks bZVhoh
NÙkhlx<+] pSuy 5 us 5 uoacj 2011 dks is'k fd;k Fkk½A blh
izdkj iatkc esa Hkh vuqcaf/kr f'k{kdksa us fojks/k trk;k ¼ftls
5 fnlacj] 2011 dks ,uMhVhoh us is'k fd;k½2A ;s ?kVuk,a
fofHkUu jkT;ksa esa dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky;ksa ds f'k{kdksa
dh lsok ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh okLrfodrk dks js[kkafdr djrh gSaA
foxr nks n'kdksa esa bl {ks=k esa tks m[kkM+&iNkM+ gksrh jgh gS
mlds i;kZIr lcwr lkeus vkrs jgs gSaA ijUrq mu ij fcjys gh
mruk /;ku fn;k tkrk gS] ftruk vly esa fn;k tkuk pkfg,
¼lDlsuk o egsanzw] 2004½A
bl uhfr ds vuq:i dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky;ksa dh okWMZu]
tks pkSchlksa ?kaVs dke ij rSukr jgrh gSa vkSj ftudk in
ek/;fed 'kkyk ds izkpk;Z ds led{k gS] os vuqca/k ds rgr ek=k
#- 4000 ;k #- 5000 izfrekg ij xqtkjk pyk jgh gSaA
jktLFkku ds nksuksa gh dLrwjck fo|ky;ksa ds okWMZuksa dks blls dgha
vf/kd osru #- 9000 izfrekg fn;k tk jgk Fkk] ij ;g jkf'k
Hkh fu;fer osru ls dgha de FkhA bu nksuksa gh okWMZuksa dk dguk
Fkk fd muds vuqca/k tkjh jgsa ;g t:jh ugha gS vkSj mUgsa tYnh
gh tkuk iM+ ldrk gSA ;g rc tcfd mUgksaus vius ifjokjksa dh
mis{kk dj] esgur ls bu laLFkkvksa dks LFkkfir fd;k gSA os iwN
10 f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2013
jgh Fkha fd vxj ukSdjh lqjf{kr u gks vkSj mlesa fujarjrk
lqfuf'pr u gks rks laLFkkvksa dks LFkkfir djus esa bruh ÅtkZ dk
fuos'k djus dk D;k vkSfpR; gS\
dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky;ksa esa okWMZu gh lcls vf/kd osru
ikrh gSaA jlksb;ksa vkSj pkSdhnkjksa dks ek=k 1500 ls 2500 #- rd
izfrekg fn;k tkrk gSA oafpr lewgksa dh ckfydksa dks volj
miyC/k djokus ds uke ij bu is'ksoj yksxksa dks fuÑ"Vre
vlekurk dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk gSA
f'k{kk dh xq.koÙkk
ij blls Hkh vf/kd egÙoiw.kZ ;g gS fd bl ckr dk Hkh dksbZ
izek.k ugha feyrk fd dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky; njvly
xq.koÙkkiw.kZ f'k{kk miyC/k djok jgs gSaA uhfr ds Lrj Hkh
vdknfed i{k ij cy dh deh bl rF; ls gh tkfgj gks tkrh
gS fd f'k{kdksa ds is'ksoj fodkl dks izkFkfedrk de ;k fcydqy
ugha nh xbZ gSA muds le{k tks fofo/k vdknfed pqukSfr;ka gSa
muls dSls fuiVk tk, blesa mUgsa dksbZ enn ugha nh tkrhA lcls
Hkkjh pqukSrh rks ;gh gS fd ftu ckfydkvksa us dqN lky igys
Ldwy NksM+ fn;k Fkk mUgsa ^fczt dkslZ* dh enn ls NBh d{kk ds
Lrj rd ykukA dbZ ckj rks tks yM+fd;ka dLrwjck fo|ky;ksa esa
vkrh gSa os cqfu;knh lk{kjrk dkS'ky rd dks Hkwy pqdh gksrh gSa
tSlk fd jk"Vªh; ewY;kadu fjiksVZ ls Li"V gksrk gSA
;s izfrosnu rFkk vU; nLrkost] ftUgsa ns[kk x;k] ikB~;p;kZ]
iqLrdksa rFkk d{kkvksa esa viukbZ tkus okyh ijaijkxr f'k{k.k
fof/k;ksa ds fo"k; esa xaHkhj ljksdkj trkrs gSaA jktLFkku ds
dLrwjck fo|ky;ksa esa mEnk vk/kkjHkwr lajpuk,a rFkk lefiZr
f'k{kd o okWMZu Hkh csgrj f'k{k.k lqfuf'pr ugha dj lds gSaA
jktLFkku ds nksuksa dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky;ksa ds d{kk
voyksduksa us ;g lkQ n'kkZ;k fd f'k{kdksa esa vdknfed dq'kyrk
dk vHkko gSA os vkBoha d{kk ds lkekftd foKku] foKku rFkk
xf.kr ds fo"k; i<+kus esa v{ke FksA tks ckfydk,a cqfu;knh
lk{kjrk dkS'ky rd Hkwy pqdh gksa] mUgsa dSls i<+k;k tk, bldks
ysdj Hkh os fcYdqy vLi"V FkhaA ;s izkjafHkd voyksdu lkQ&lkQ
js[kkafdr djrs gSa fd dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky;ksa esa fl[kkus
vkSj lh[kus dh izfØ;kvksa dh fof/kor leh{kk csgn t:jh gSA
uo&mnkjoknh lanHkZ] fir`lÙkk rFkk vyxko
bl ;kstuk us ,sls iz;klksa ij Hkh ,d cgl dks tUe fn;k gS tks
v/khuLFk lewgksa dh ckfydkvksa ij ljdkjh fuxjkuh ds leku
gSaA ckfydkvksa ds ukekadu vkSj muds Ldwyh f'k{k.k ij c<+s gq, p;u ds ekun.M ;k mudk vHkko
/;ku dk uo&mnkjoknh vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa rFkk Hkwfe o vkthfodk
bl dLrwjck fo|ky; dh vkoklh; rFkk vU; lqfo/kkvksa dks
laaca/kh eqíksa ij muds izHkko ds chp ds laca/kksa ij tks loky
ns[k ¼ftlesa f'k{k.k dh xq.koÙkk Hkh 'kkfey gks] ;g drbZ t:jh
mBk, tkus pkfg,a] ml ij pqIih gSA bu ckfydkvksa ds leqnk;
ugha½ dbZ ckfydkvksa ds ekrk&firk us dgk fd os Hkh viuh
ftl ^neudkjh lkekftd rFkk vkfFkZd vuqØe esa fLFkr gSa*
csfV;ksa dks ;gka Hkstuk pkgsaxsA ij mUgsa ;g irk ugha Fkk fd
¼ckyxksikyu 2010 % 297½] bl ij Hkh pqIih gh gSA vius
fo|ky; esa fdldk vkSj dSls p;u gksrk gS ¼lDlsuk 2011½A3
leqnk;ksa ls bu ckfydkvksa dk dVko] muds futh ewY;ksa dks u"V
djus dh dher ij mu ij e/;oxhZ; ewY;ksa dks Fkksiuk] mnkj e/; izns'k ds dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky;ksa ds Nk=kkoklksa esa
f'k{kk ds cnys fyax ds vuq:i thou dkS'kyksa ij fn;k tkus ukekafdr 9]245 ckfydkvksa esa dsoy 57 eqfLye leqnk; dh FkhaA
okyk /;ku tSls eqíksa us Hkh dqN f'k{kkfonksa esa xaHkhj ljksdkj ;g fLFkfr bl leqnk; ds izfr iwokZxzg ds dkj.k gS ¼;wfulsQ
txk, gSaA dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky; ;kstuk ij fVIi.kh 2010 % 58½A
djrs le; ckyxksikyu ¼2010½ bl rF; dh Hkh vkykspuk
jk"Vªh; ewY;kadu izfrosnu Hkh p;u izfØ;k esa utj vkus okys
djrh gSa fd ljdkj bu ckfydkvksa dks muds ifjokjksa rFkk
iwokZxzg ds fo"k; esa xaHkhj ljksdkj trkrs gSaA izfrosnu ;g ntZ
leqnk;ksa dh xjhch ls vklkuh ls i`Fkd fd, tk ldus okyk
djrs gSa fd ftu ftyksa esa tehuh lwpuk,a ,df=kr dh xbZa] muesa
ekurh gS vkSj Ldwy u tk ikus dk nks"k muds ifjokjksa rFkk
ls vf/kdka'k esa Ldwy u tkus okyh yM+fd;ksa rd igqapus ds dksbZ
leqnk;ksa dh ijaijkvksa ij Mky nsrh gS vkSj bl izdkj ^^vius
mik; utj ugha vk,A lkFk gh nfyr] vYila[;d o xjhch
iz;klksa dh izxfr'khy izÑfr** dks n'kkZrh gSA
js[kk ls uhps th jgs ifjokjksa dh ckfydkvksa dks 'kkfey djus dk
tkfgj gS fd ljdkj dks bl izdkj cpus dh vuqefr ugha nh tk fo'ks"k iz;kl Hkh ugha fn[kkA dbZ dLrwjck fo|ky;ksa esa ckfydk,a
ldrhA fQj Hkh fir`lÙkkRed ewY;ksa dks dk;e j[kus esa] tks ;k rks mlh xkao dh Fkha ;k vkl&ikl ds xkaoksa dhA dbZ us rks
ckfydkvksa dh f'k{kk dks ckf/kr djrs gSa] ifjokj rFkk leqnk; Ldwy NksM+k Hkh ugha Fkk] cfYd fu;fer Nk=kk,a FkhaA
dh Hkwfedk dks vusn[kk ugha fd;k tk ldrkA ckfydkvksa dks
lcls egÙoiw.kZ rF; ;g Fkk fd dbZ dLrwjck fo|ky;ksa esa
Nk=kkokl esa jguk blfy, ilan vkrk gS D;ksafd ;g mUgsa
vYila[;d o xjhch js[kk ls uhps thus okyh Nk=kkvksa dh la[;k
neudkjh ikfjokfjd o lkeqnkf;d fir`lÙkk ls cpus dk ekSdk
csgn de Fkh] dqN vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr dh Nk=kk,a FkhaA ij
nsrk gSA ij blds lkFk&lkFk os Lo;a dks dVk gqvk Hkh eglwl
lkekU; vkcknh esa muds izfr'kr ds fglkc ls bu Jsf.k;ksa dh
djrh gSa vkSj mUgsa ?kj dh ;kn Hkh lrkrh gSA dbZ ljdkjh rFkk
Nk=kkvksa dh la[;k Hkh csgn de FkhA mnkgj.k ds fy,] ,d
xSj&ljdkjh izfrosnu ;g nkok Hkh djrs gSa fd f'k{kk rd igqap
iz[k.M esa tgka dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky; dks ,d bZlkbZ
fookg dh vk;q dks c<+krh gSA fQj Hkh cky fookg ds u gksus
xSj&ljdkjh laLFkk pyk jgh Fkh] ogka dsoy bZlkbZ Nk=kk,a gh FkhaA
ek=k ls ;s ckfydk,a bruh l'kDr ugha gks tkrha fd os vlekurk
blh izdkj jktLFkku ds nksuksa dLrwjck fo|ky;ksa esa dsoy vuqlfw pr
dh rkdr vkSj mlds <kaps dks pqukSrh ns ldsaA lkFk gh Nk=kkoklksa
tutkfr dh gh Nk=kk,a FkhaA tcfd nksuksa gh iz[k.Mksa esa vuqlwfpr
esa ;s ckfydk,a ftu ubZ ^^fir`lÙkkvksa** dk lkeuk djrh gSa muds
tkfr rFkk vYila[;dksa dh vkcknh Hkh FkhA nksuksa fo|ky;ksa dh
ckjs esa [kkl tkudkjh Hkh ugha gSA laHkkouk ;gh gS fd ,d izdkj
okWMZuksa us p;u izfØ;k laca/kh iz'uksa ij VkyeVksy dh vkSj dkQh
dh lÙkk dh txg lÙkk ds u, Lo:i mB [kM+s gksrs gksaA vr%
[kksnus ij dgk fd ckfydkvksa dk p;u tkx`fr vfHk;kuksa ds
vyxko] ,dkdhiu] vktknh vkSj fir`lÙkkRed fu;a=k.k ds u,
ek/;e ls gksrk gSA ;g iwNus ij fd ;s vfHk;ku dSls vkSj
Lo:i Nk=kkoklksa esa jgus okyh ckfydkvksa dh tfVy okLrfodrk
fdlds }kjk vk;ksftr fd, tkrs gSa vkSj nwjLFk vkfnoklh
dks jprs gSaA ySafxd vlekurk dk;e j[kus ds fy, lÙkk ds tks bykdksa ds yksxksa dks budh lwpuk fdl rjg feyrh gS] okWMZuksa us
<kaps ftEesnkj gSa D;k mUgsa pqukSrh nsus ;k de ls de igpkuus
dksbZ lh/kk tokc ugha fn;kA fQj Hkh mUgksaus ;g ladsr fn;k fd
rd esa dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky;ksa dh laLFkkxr izfØ;k,a
mudks fdlh izdkj dh Lok;Ùkrk ugha gS vkSj iz[k.M f'k{kk
l{ke gSa\ ;gh og ;{k iz'u gS tks vkykspukRed Nkuchu dh
vf/kdkjh gh ckfydkvksa ds p;u ds lesr izR;sd fu.kZ; dks iwjh
ekax djrk gSA
f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2013 11
rjg fu;af=kr djrs gSaA bu nksuksa gh dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk
fo|ky;ksa esa Hkh pan vioknksa ds vykok 'ks"k lHkh Nk=kk,a
vkl&ikl ds xkaoksa dh gh FkhaA tc uhfr gh ,slh gks ftlesa gj
iz[k.M dh dsoy dqN ckfydkvksa dks lqfo/kk nsus] muds fy, gh
fu;kstu djus dk izko/kku gks vkSj Bhd oSlh gh ifjfLFkfr;ksa
esa jgus okyh cgqla[;d ckfydkvksa dk lekos'ku gh u gks] rks
p;u izfØ;k Hkh ikjn'khZ ugha gks ldrhA
xSj&ljdkjh laLFkk cuke ljdkj
la;qDr leh{kk fe'ku 2012 ¼loZ f'k{kk vfHk;ku 2012 % ,
119½ ds vuqlkj ns'kHkj esa rdjhcu 3]435 dLrwjck xka/kh
ckfydk fo|ky; py jgs gSa vkSj muesa dqy ukekadu 3-18 yk[k
gSA la;qDr leh{kk fe'ku 2012 dk izfrosnu dqN jkT;ksa esa ds;j
rFkk efgyk lek[;k }kjk dLrwjck fo|ky;ksa ds lapkyu iz;klksa
dh iz'kalk Hkh djrk gSA ;wfulsQ ¼2010½ izfrosnu e/; izns'k
esa ;kn`fPNd :i ls pqus x, ikap dLrwjck fo|ky;ksa dh n;uh;
fjgk;'kh fLFkfr;ksa dh ppkZ djrk gSA ;s lHkh dLrwjck fo|ky;
e/; izns'k f'k{kk foHkkx }kjk loZ f'k{kk vfHk;ku ds rgr
pyk, tk jgs gSaA lDlsuk ¼2011½ vius izfrosnu esa jktLFkku
esa xSj&ljdkjh laLFkkvksa }kjk lapkfyr nks iz[k.Mksa ds dLrwjck
xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky;ksa dh csgrjhu HkkSfrd lajpukvksa o vU;
lqfo/kkvksa dh ppkZ djrh gSaA jk"Vªh; ewY;kadu fjiksVZ Hkh ;g
ladsr nsrh gS fd tks dLrwjck fo|ky; xSj&ljdkjh laLFkkvksa
}kjk lapkfyr gSa] mudh vk/kkjHkwr lajpuk,a csgrj gSaA
laHko gS fd mijksDr izek.k bl lkekU;hdj.k rd igqapus ds
fy, i;kZIr u gks fd xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa }kjk lapkfyr dLrwjck
fo|ky;ksa dk izca/ku csgrj gS] fQj Hkh blds i;kZIr ladsr rks
feyrs gh gSaA D;k bldk vFkZ ;g gS fd ljdkjh egdek ,slh
laLFkkvksa ds lapkyu esa v{ke gS\ dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky;
ds fn'kk&funsZ'kksa ¼loZ f'k{kk vfHk;ku 2008 , % 2½ ds vuqlkj
dkWiksZjsV lewg Hkh bu vkoklh; 'kkykvksa dks xksn ys ldrs gSaA
blds fy, i`Fkd f'k{kk&funsZ'k tkjh fd, tkus gSaA D;ksafd ,slh
igyksa ds ljdkjh Ldwyh O;oLFkk ij xaHkhj fufgrkFkZ gksaxs] bl
eqís ij O;ofLFkr ifjppkZ Hkh t:jh gSA ij ;g fo"k; ekStwnk
vkys[k ds nk;js ls ckgj gSA
2- dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky; rFkk vlekurk,a
bl Hkkx esa nks eqíksa dks ns[kk x;k gSA lekurk ds ,ts.Mk ij
12 f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2013
dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky; ;kstuk dk laHkkfor fufgrkFkZ
igyk eqík gS ftldh ppkZ Ldwyh f'k{kk rFkk lkekftd :ikUrj.k
ds }a}kRed laca/kksa ds utfj, ls dh xbZ gSA nwljk eqík gS foxr
ikap n'kdksa ds f'k{kk ds bfrgkl dh :ijs[kk rFkk bl nkSjku
uhfr;ksa esa vk, fopyuksa ds rgr] dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk
fo|ky; tSlh ;kstuk ds vkfoHkkZo dks tkapukA bl lanHkZ esa
fn'kk&funsZ'k dLrwjck fo|ky;ksa ds ftu y{;ksa dks ifjyf{kr
djrs gSa] mudk fo'ys"k.k Hkh fd;k x;k gSA
f'k{kk rFkk lkekftd :ikUrj.k
f'k{kk rd igqap dh lekurk & foLrkj] leku volj vkSj
ldkjkRed HksnHkko ds ek/;e ls laHko gS & rFkk f'k{kk ds
ek/;e ls lkekftd lekurk gkfly djus dh laHkkouk] chloha
'krkCnh ds e/; ls gh lekt'kkfL=k;ksa ds fy, egÙoiw.kZ eqís jgs
gSa ¼dSjkcsy rFkk gSYlh] 1977( 'kqDy rFkk dqekj] 1985( osykLdj
2010½A bl lanHkZ esa ,d cqfu;knh eqís ij l?ku okn&fookn Hkh
gksrk jgk gSA cqfu;knh eqík ;g gS fd D;k f'k{kk njvly ,slk
dkjxj vkStkj gS tks vlekurkvksa dh lajpukvksa dks pqukSrh ns
lds] mUgsa cny lds ;k fQj f'k{kk dsoy izeq[k fopkj/kkjkvksa
rFkk lkekftd o vkfFkZd vlekurkvksa dks iqu#Rikfnr vkSj
lqn`<+ djrh gSA gSYlh ¼1985 % 82½ ds vuqlkj ^^leku yksxksa ds
lekt dks vkfFkZd rFkk lkekftd lq/kkj }kjk jpuk iM+rk gS
vkSj f'k{kk dh Hkwfedk eq[;r% rc ml lekt dks cuk, j[kus
dh gksuh pkfg,] tc ,d ckj mls gkfly dj fy;k tk,A**
ijUrq D;k bldk vFkZ ;g gS fd vk/kqfud ;qx esa lekurk ds
la?k"kksZa esa Ldwyksa dh mis{kk dh tk ldrh gS\ dSjkcsy rFkk gSYlh
¼1977½ esa 1972 dh fØLVksQj tsDa l dh vlekurk ¼bubDoSfyVh½
fjiksVZ ij ppkZ feyrh gSA os tsaDl ls bl ckr ij lger Fks fd
vkfFkZd {ks=k gh bl la?k"kZ ds v[kkM+s dh dqath gSA ij mUgksaus
lkFk gh bl ckr ij Hkh cy fn;k fd %
^^Ldwy ^fuos'kksa* ¼buiqV½ dks ^mRiknksa* ¼vkmViqV½ esa
ugha cnyrs] cfYd muls xqtjus okyksa ds O;fDrRoksa
dks vkdkj nsrs gSa( vr% ;g fjiksVZ Ldwyksa dks gkf'k,
ij /kdsyus ds dkj.k ^}a}kRed gksus dh ctk; e'khuh
gS* ¼1977 % 26½A
mijksDr fjiksVZ ij fVIi.kh djrs gq, mUgksaus vkxs tksM+k %
^^bl fjiksVZ us 'kkunkj rjhds ls ml [kkl vejhdh
feFkd dks u"V fd;k fd Ldwyh lq/kkj vf/kd cqfu;knh
 lkekftd cnyko dk LFkku ys ldrk gSA ijUrq
nqHkkZX; ls laHko ;g gS fd vlekurk fjiksVZ us mlds
LFkku ij ,d nwljs gh] ij mrus gh fouk'kdkjh
feFkd dks LFkkfir dj fn;k gS % fd lkekftd
lekurk dh ,d dkjxj j.kuhfr Ldwyksa dh mis{kk
dj ldrh gS** ¼r=kSo½A
foospukRed rFkk la?k"kZ fl)kUr ¼dkWfU¶yDV F;ksjh½ tks f'k{kk
dh egt iqu#Riknu dh Hkwfedk dks pqukSrh nsrs gSa] mUgksaus f'k{kk
rFkk lkekftd cnyko ds tfVy ijUrq egÙoiw.kZ laca/k ij vkSj
vf/kd cy fn;k gSA
fQj Hkh f'k{kk ds ek/;e ls lkekftd cnyko dh tks Hkh
laHkkouk gS og rc iwjh rjg ls u"V gks ldrh gS vxj ,d
leku 'kSf{kd volj vkSj mlds lkFk fd, tkus okys iwjd
mik;ksa dks uhfr;ksa esa R;kx fn;k tk,A ,slh fLFkfr esa lcds fy,
xq.koÙkk dh lkfoZd ekax dk LFkku Øe'k% fo'ks"k Ldwyksa esa
nkf[kys dh Li/kkZ ys ldrh gSA bl izdkj dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk
fo|ky; ,d vksj oafpr vkSj v/khuLFk lewgksa ds cPpksa dks
dLrwjck fo|ky; okys rFkk xSj&dLrwjck fo|ky; okys lewgksa esa
ckaV nsrs gSaA ij lkFk gh ;g ;kstuk ,d nwljs Lrj ij Hkh
vikjnf'kZrk dks tksM+rh gSA ;g vikjnf'kZrk p;u izfØ;k dks
fuewZy djus ls vkrh gS] ftldh ppkZ ge vkys[k ds fØ;kUo;u
Hkkx esa dj pqds gSaA lHkh cPpksa dks xq.koÙkkiw.kZ f'k{kk eqgS;k
djokus ds ljksdkj dks lacksf/kr djus ds cnys vxj ge Li/kkZ
rFkk foHkktu dks ?kqlkrs gSa rks f'k{kk vkSj U;k; ds fy, la/k"kZ
ds chp dh dM+h dks xaHkhj [krjk igqap ldrk gSA
leku 'kSf{kd volj dk foLFkkiu
Lora=k Hkkjr ds lafo/kku dh tM+sa mnkjoknh fopkj/kkjk esa gSa
vkSj gekjk lafo/kku Lora=krk] U;k; rFkk lekurk ds ewY;ksa ds
izfr dfVc) gSA f'k{kk ds lanHkZ esa bldk vFkZ Fkk lcds fy,
leku 'kSf{kd volj rFkk mu leqnk;ksa ds fy, iwjd mik; tks
,sfrgkfld :i ls oafpr rFkk 'kksf"kr jgs gSaA tSlk izkjaHk esa gh
dgk x;k Fkk] ,sls ljdkjh miØe dk vk/kkj bu leqnk;ksa }kjk
ihf<+;ksa ls >sys x, vU;k;ksa vkSj vlekurkvksa esa Fkk] ftlds
dkj.k os f'k{kk O;oLFkk esa vusdkusd vlekurkvksa o izfrdwyrkvksa
ds lkFk nkf[ky gksrs gSaA
lafo/kku ds funsZ'kksa ds ckotwn 14 o"kZ rd ds lHkh cPpksa ds fy,
f'k{kk rFkk detksj rcdksa ds cPpksa dh fo'ks"k ns[kjs[k rc rd
misf{kr gh jgh] tc rd fd 1964 esa f'k{kk vk;ksx dk xBu
u dj fn;k x;kA f'k{kk ds leku volj dks gkfly djus ds
fy, nks&eq[kh j.kuhfr lq>kbZ xbZ % ,d rks ljdkj }kjk lapkfyr
fuEu rFkk mPp izkFkfed 'kkykvksa dh la[;k esa Hkkjh foLrkj
rFkk nwljs ,d leku Ldwyh f'k{k.k O;oLFkk dh LFkkiukA
jkspd rF; ;g gS fd gkykafd izdV :i ls bldk leFkZu fd;k
x;k] ijUrq f'k{kk vk;ksx ds bl lius dks njvly lkdkj djus
ds iz;klksa dk dM+k fojks/k gqvkA [kklrkSj ls mPp tkfr rFkk oxZ
ds usr`Ro }kjkA leku 'kSf{kd volj dk ,dek=k Lo:i tks mUgsa
Lohdk;Z Fkk] og Fkk ljdkj }kjk lapkfyr fu%'kqYd vkjafHkd
f'k{kk rFkk mldk foLrkjA bl izdkj f'k{kk dh f}Lrjh;
O;oLFkk vkSj iq[rk gqbZ] ftlesa ,d Lrj ij v/khuLFk yksxksa ds
fy, fu%'kqYd ljdkjh 'kkyk,a Fkha vkSj rkdroj rcds ds fy,
dqyhuoknh futh f'k{kk O;oLFkkA D;ksafd vkjafHkd f'k{kk ds
fy, i;kZIr lalk/ku vkoafVr ugha fd, x,] la[;k rFkk xq.koÙkk
dh n`f"V ls bldk foLrkj vi;kZIr jgkA Hkkjr tSls fo'kky vkSj
vleku :i ls fodkl'khy ns'k esa lhfer rFkk yxkrkj ?kVrs
tkrs ctV ds pyrs] ljdkj }kjk lapkfyr fu%'kqYd Ldwyh
f'k{k.k O;oLFkk us dkQh vyx&vyx jkLrs idM+sA bldk urhtk
Fkk vlekurk] vlary q u rFkk vi;kZIr foLrkj ¼osykLdj] 2010½A
f'k{kk ds {ks=k esa mnkjhdj.k dh 'kq#vkr Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
ds [kqyus ds lanHkZ esa] jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr 1986 ds lkFk gqbZA bl
uhfr us ckgjh fuHkZjrk dh i`"BHkwfe rS;kj dhA bldk #>ku
futhdj.k] foLrkj ds fy, vi;kZIr vkoaVu rFkk xzkeh.k dqyhuksa
ds fy, uoksn; fo|ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk dh fn'kk esa FkkA urhtru
ljdkjh f'k{kk O;oLFkk dk Lrjhdj.k vkSj Hkh etcwr gqvkA og
igys ls vf/kd vleku rFkk cgqLrjh; cuhA vkfnokfl;ksa]
nfyrksa rFkk [kkukcnks'k vkcknh rFkk xzkeh.k cPpksa ds fy,
vleku rFkk lekUrj O;oLFkk cukbZ xbZA blesa oSdfYid 'kkyk,a
rFkk igys gh dkQh cnuke gks pqds vukSipkfjd f'k{kk dsanzksa dh
LFkkiuk dks foLrkj dh j.kuhfr esa 'kkfey fd;k x;kA blls
vlekurk vkSj iSuh gqbZA osykLdj dk rdZ gS fd 1986 dh
jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr] njvly leku 'kSf{kd volj dh ml uhfr
ds ifjR;kx dh 'kq#vkr Fkh] tks f'k{kk ds ek/;e ls lerk o
U;k; gkfly djus dh eq[; j.kuhfr FkhA lkFk gh xzkeh.k oafpr
cPpksa dh izfrHkk dks mHkkjus ds fy, vkn'kZ ftyk Lrjh; Ldwyksa
tSlh ;kstukvksa dh LFkkiuk dk vFkZ ;g Hkh Fkk fd ^^lcds fy,
xq.koÙkk** dks R;kx ^^dqN ds fy, xq.koÙkk** dks LohdkjukA ;g
xzkeh.k vfHktkr oxZ dh ekaxksa ds vuq:i Fkk ¼dqekj] 1985½A
f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2013 13
1990 ds n'kd esa dY;k.kdkjh jkT; ds fopkj ds U;wuhdj.k
rFkk cktkj ij /;ku dsafnzr djus ds lkFk Hkkjr ljdkj us
varjkZ"Vªh; nkunkrk laLFkkvksa ds lkFk lg;ksx fd;k] ftUgksaus
f'k{kk dh jktuhfrd vFkZO;oLFkk dks gh cny MkykA ljdkj
}kjk ykxw fd, tk jgs 'kSf{kd lq/kkj oSf'od f[kykfM+;ksa }kjk r;
dh xbZ 'krksZa dk vuqikyu djus yxsA bl n'kd esa fo'o cSad
}kjk vuqnkfur vkjafHkd f'k{kk dk;ZØe izkjaHk gqvk tks ftyk
izkFkfed f'k{kk dk;ZØe ¼MhihbZih½ ds uke ls FkkA blls leku
volj dk ,ts.Mk vius mís';ksa dh n`f"V ls vkSj Hkh gkf'k, ij
/kdsy fn;k x;kA Hkkjr ljdkj ds lko/kkuh ls fy[ks x, ,d
izdk'ku esa MhihbZih ds fn'kk&funsZ'k lkQ&lkQ dgrs gSa fd ;g
dk;ZØe ^^jk"Vªh; vuqHko** ds vk/kkj ij ^^1986 dh jk"Vªh;
f'k{kk uhfr dk dk;kZUo;u gS**A ;g dk;ZØe ,d le;c)
¼ikap o"khZ;½ fof'k"V gLr{ksi dk;ZØe FkkA bldk y{; Fkk
Ldwy NksM+us okys cPpksa dh nj dks de djuk rFkk miyfC/k o
ukekadu esa tks ySafxd vlekurk gS mls nwj djukA ijUrq ;g
dk;ZØe leku 'kSf{kd volj jpus ds izfr dfVc) ugha Fkk] u
gh bldk y{; f'k{kk dks lkfoZd cukuk Fkk ¼dqekj rFkk vU;
2001½A
MhihbZih ds ckn vleku Ldwyh f'k{k.k O;oLFkk vkSj Hkh LrjhÑr
cuh gSA Ldwyksa ds reke vkSj Lrj jps x, gSa ftlesa f'k{kk xkjaVh
Ldwyksa] ctV Ldwyksa rFkk xq.koÙkk ds uke dqN yksxksa ds fy, ftyk
Lrjh; vkn'kZ fo|ky;ksa o dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky;ksa dh
LFkkiuk dh xbZ gSA ;g lHkh cPpksa ds fy, xq.koÙkkiw.kZ ljdkjh
'kkykvksa ds foLrkj ds LFkku ij fd;k x;k gSA blds vykok
fodYi miyC/k djokus ds uke ij uhfrxr Lrj ij
lkoZtfud&futh Hkkxhnkjh rFkk okmpj O;oLFkk ds ek/;e ls
Hkh futhdj.k dks izksRlkfgr fd;k tk jgk gS ¼lDlsuk] 2010½A
bu ?kVukvksa ij fVIi.kh djrs gq, osykLdj ¼2010½ fy[krh gSa
fd ?kfV;k Ldwyksa dh la[;k esa c<+ksrjh ls f'k{kk rd igqap
laHkor% c<+h gksxh ijUrq oafpr yksxksa ds fy, lkFkZd :i ls
lh[kus ds vuqHko de gq, gSaA
;g Li"V gS fd foxr Ng n'kdksa esa leku 'kSf{kd volj dk
fl)kUr rFkk gkf'k, ij th jgs leqnk;ksa ds fy, iwjd mik;ksa
dk LFkku ,d cgqLrjh;] vleku Ldwyh O;oLFkk us ys fy;k gSA
lalk/kughu ljdkjh Ldwyksa dh la[;k c<+h gS vkSj lkFk gh ,slh
fo'ks"k ;kstuk,a ykxw dh xbZ gSa tks vf/kdrj cPpksa ds vlekos'ku
ij vk/kkfjr gSaA bl lcls lafo/kku esa lekurk rFkk U;k; ds
izfr tks dfVc)rk Fkh mldk Li"V mPNsnu gqvk gSA
14 f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2013
dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky; uhfrxr Lrj ij gq, bl
mPNsnu dks <kaius dk mik; gS tks tkfgj rkSj ij ckfydkvksa dh
f'k{kk vkSj xq.koÙkk ds 'kCnkMEcj ds izfr ljksdkj trkrk gSA
vf/kd egÙoiw.kZ ckr ;g gS fd ;g ;kstuk blfy, Hkh ,d
e`x&ejhfpdk gS D;ksafd dqN yksxksa ij fn, tk jgs fo'ks"k /;ku
dks ;g xq.koÙkk dh lkekU; leL;k rFkk lHkh ckfydkvksa dh
Hkkxhnkjh laca/kh oDrO;ksa ls <kairk gSA vkSj rks vkSj ;s iz;kl
Hkh U;wure gSaA ;kstuk dk fØ;kUo;u lkQ n'kkZrk gS fd
^^'kCn** vkSj ^^deZ** esa tehu&vkleku dk varj gSA
dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky; ds fn'kk&funsZ'k
dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky; ds fn'kk&funsZ'k njvly nks
leL;kvksa dh LohdkjksfDr gSaA vOoy rks ;g fd ,sls dbZ bykds
gSa tgka cM+h la[;k esa ckfydk,a Ldwy ls ckgj gSa % ^^vkjafHkd Lrj
ij( [kklrkSj ls mPp izkFkfed Lrjksa ij] yM+dksa dh rqyuk esa
ckfydkvksa ds ukekadu esa dkQh varj gS** ¼loZ f'k{kk vfHk;ku
2008 , % 1½A nwljs] ^^xzkeh.k rFkk oafpr leqnk;ksa esa tsUMj
folaxfr;ka vHkh rd dk;e gSa** ¼loZ f'k{kk vfHk;ku 2008 ,
% 1½A fn'kk&funsZ'k ;g Hkh js[kkafdr djrs gSa fd dLrwjck xka/kh
ckfydk fo|ky;ksa dk mís'; ^vkjafHkd Lrj ij vkoklh; 'kkyk,a
rFkk Nk=kkokl lqfo/kkvksa dh LFkkiuk }kjk lekt ds oafpr
lewgksa dh ckfydkvksa ds fy, f'k{kk dh igqap rFkk xq.koÙkkiw.kZ
f'k{kk lqfuf'pr djuk gS*A
;g mís'; 'kSf{kd :i ls fiNM+s iz[k.Mksa dh lHkh ckfydkvksa ds
fy, fpark O;Dr djrk izrhr gksrk gS] u fd pqfuank ckfydkvksa
ds fy,A gkykafd dqN p;fur iz[k.Mksa esa izfr iz[k.M dsoy 50
ls 100 ckfydkvksa ds fy, dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky;
[kksyus dh uhfr bl mEehn dks rksM+rh gSA Ldwy ls ckgj jg xbZ
gtkjksa ckfydkvksa esa ls dqN pqfuank ckfydkvksa dks ykHkkfUor
djus dh ;kstuk ds ihNs dksbZ Hkh fo'oluh; vk/kkj ;k rdZ
utj ugha vkrkA mnkgj.k ds fy,] jktLFkku ds >kM+ksy iz[k.M
ds iz[k.M f'k{kk vf/kdkjh ds izfrosnu ds vuqlkj o"kZ 2009&10
esa izkjafHkd Lrj ij Ldwy NksM+ nsus okyh ckfydkvksa dh la[;k
6]336 FkhA bl iz[k.M esa dsoy ,d csgn lk/ku laiUu dLrwjck
fo|ky; gS ¼lDlsuk] 2011½A
blh izdkj foLr`r jkT;&Lrjh; ewY;kadu izfrosnu] ftu ij
jk"Vªh; ewY;kadu izfrosnu ¼2007] 2008½ vk/kkfjr gS] ;g
crkrk gS fd if'pe caxky ds ckadqM+k ftys esa 13 iz[k.M gSaA
vxj ogka izR;sd iz[k.M esa Hkh ekWMy 1 izdkj dk dLrwjck
fo|ky; [kksyk x;k gks rks Hkh ogka 1300 ls vf/kd ckfydkvksa
dk ukekadu ugha gks ldrkA bl ftys esa o"kZ 2006&07 esa Ldwy
u tkus okyh ckfydkvksa dh la[;k 19]693 FkhA iq:fy;k ftys
esa] ftlesa 20 iz[k.M gSa] Ldwy u tkus okyh ckfydkvksa dh la[;k
39711 FkhA vklke ds vkB ftyksa ds 'kSf{kd :i ls fiNM+s 15
iz[k.Mksa esa 2006&07 esa Ldwy NksM+ pqdh ckfydkvksa dh la[;k
11]162 FkhA vklke us ekWMy 2 izdkj ds dLrwjck fo|ky; pqus
FksA vr% ogka Js"Bre ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk
fo|ky;ksa esa 750 ls vf/kd ckfydk,a gks gh ugha ldrh FkhaA
vr% Ldwy u tkus okyh ckfydkvksa dh bl Hkkjh la[;k vkSj
vfr&lhfer LFkkuksa ds pyrs dLrwjck xka/kh fo|ky; dh p;u
izfØ;k fuf'pr :i ls vikjn'khZ gh gksxh ftlls lekurk
gkfly djus dh fn'kk esa vkSj Hkh fodkj vk tqM+saxsA okLrfodrk
esa] dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky; ;kstuk ljdkjh O;oLFkk dks
vf/kd cjkcjh okyh vkSj tokcnsg O;oLFkk cukus dh ;kstuk
ugha gSA dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky; ;kstuk ftu leqnk;ksa
dks ykHkkfoUr djus dk nkok djrh gS] mudh gh vf/kdka'k
ckfydkvksa dh vogsyuk dj dsoy dqN ds fy, cukbZ xbZ gSA
D;k vlekos'ku vkSj lekurk lkFk&lkFk py ldrs gSa\ D;k ;g
uhfr Lo;a gh oafprksa ds chp xSj&cjkcjh dks vf/kd iSuk ugha
cukrh\ D;k ,slh ;kstuk,a f'k{kk esa cjkcjh dh cgl dks flj
ds cy vkSa/kk [kM+k dj bu leqnk;ksa esa xSj&cjkcjh] Li/kkZ vkSj
vlekos'ku dks izksRlkfgr ugha djrha\
uoksn; fo|ky;ksa ds foijhr ;gka ykHkkfUor djus dk vk/kkj
^^;ksX;rk** Hkh ugha gS] tks Lo;a Hkh ,d leL;kRed ekun.M gSA
vr% laHko ;gh gS fd ;gka ykHk igqapkus dk vk/kkj izJ; gSA
;g ;kstuk Ldwyh f'k{kk ls ckgj dqy ckfydkvksa esa ls LokYi
va'k dks Nk=kkokl] lkQ&lqFkjs okrkoj.k vkSj ^^xq.koÙkkiw.kZ
f'k{kk** rd igqap miyC/k djokrh gSA bl ;kstuk dh n`';rk]
mldh eksgdrk vf/kdka'k ckfydkvksa dks vn`'; cuk leku
'kSf{kd voljksa ds eqís dks /kqa/kyk cuk Mkyrh gSA og le; vk
pqdk gS tc f'k{kkfon ,slh reke ;kstukvksa ds eksgd :i ds ijs
Hkh ns[ksa] tks oafprksa ds LokYi vkcknh dks ykHkkfUor djrh gksa
vkSj foLrkj dh rFkk lHkh ljdkjh Ldwyksa esa csgrj lqfo/kkvksa
vkSj xq.koÙkkiw.kZ f'k{kk dh ekax djsaA
tSlk fd igys ppkZ dh tk pqdh gS fd f'k{kk rFkk lkekftd
U;k; vFkok lkFkZd lerk ds chp ,d vkSj }a}kRed laca/k gksrk
gSA vr% ;g le>uk egÙoiw.kZ gS fd vi;kZIr 'kS{kf.kd volj]
lekurk rFkk U;k; dh laHkkouk dks fdl izdkj vkSj Hkh u"V
djrs gSaA
fu"d"kZ
tc dksbZ uhfr pqfuank yksxksa dh f'k{kk rd igqap rFkk xq.koÙkk
ds ljksdkjksa dks lacksf/kr djrh gS vkSj vf/kdka'k dks cfg"Ñr
djrh gS] rks mlesa foÑfr;ka fuf'pr :i ls vk,axhA Ldwyksa dh
xq.koÙkk lq/kkjus ds fy, ge p;ukRed ekun.Mksa ij fuHkZj ugha
dj ldrsA D;ksafd os lkekU; ifjfLFkfr ls /;ku HkVdk nsrs gSaA
D;k bldk eryc ;g gS fd ljdkj dks fl)kUrr% ^^vkn'kZ
Ldwyksa** dh LFkkiuk dh ;kstuk cukuh gh ugha pkfg,\ nwjxkeh
y{;ksa ds vuqlkj bl iz'u dk mÙkj ^^gka** vkSj ^^uk** nksuksa gh
gSA vxj ,sls Ldwy fdlh uokpkj ds lkFk iz;ksx djus ds mís';
ls pyk, tkrs gSa] rkfd muds vuqHko ds vk/kkj ij bu uokpkjksa
dks eq[;/kkjk esa 'kkfey fd;k tk lds] rks 'kk;n gkaA ijUrq vxj
mís'; vlekos'ku ds fl)kUr ij vk/kkfjr pqfuank xq.koÙkkiw.kZ
Ldwyksa dh LFkkiuk gS] tks O;kid ;FkkFkZ dks fNrjk nsa] rks mÙkj
uk gSA
blds vfrfjDr ,sls xq.koÙkkiw.kZ ljdkjh Ldwy ftuesa lcds
fy, ekdwy ewyHkwr lajpuk vkSj ;ksX; f'k{kd gksa] dh ekax ds
la?k"kZ dks vuojr gksuk gksxkA tcfd dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk
fo|ky; tSlh pednkj uhfr;ka@;kstuk,a /;kudsUnz dks /kqa/kyk
cuk Mkyrh gSaA vU;Fkk ;g [krjk cuk jgsxk fd vf/kdkjksa ds
foe'kZ ij de ls de dqN cPpksa dh csgrj lqfo/kkvksa rd igqap
rks cu jgh gS dk vk[;ku gkoh gks tk,A ‹
Hkk"kkUrj % iwokZ ;kfKd dq'kokgk
fVIif.k;ka
1- ns[ksa] dLrwjck xka/kh lapkyu funsZ'k o"kZ 2007&08] jkT; f'k{kk dsanz
HkksikyA
2- eq[rlj ftys esa vuqcaf/kr f'k{kdksa }kjk viuh ukSdjh dks fu;fer
cukus ds tqyl w ds nkSjku HkfV.Mk ftys dh f'kf{kdk cfjUnj iky dkSj
dks ml le; 'kklu dj jgs vdkyh ny ds ,d iq#"k ljiap us
FkIiM+ tek;kA
3- lDlsuk ¼2011½] flrEcj] 2011 esa jktLFkku ds nks dLrwjck
xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky;ksa ds v/;;u dk vizdkf'kr izfrosnu gSA blesa
mn;iqj fLFkr LoSfPNd laLFkk lsok eafnj ennxkj jgh FkhA
f'k{kk foe'kZ
ekpZ&vizSy] 2013 15
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