New Wave in Hindi Class – X (Term – I) Course A
Section : C (ikB~; iqLrd ,oa iwjd iqLrd)
2 tkWtZ iape dh ukd
ikB dk lkj
,d ckj baXySaM dh jkuh ,fytkcsFk n~forh; vius ifr osQ lkFk
ikfdLrku] usiky vkSj Hkkjr osQ nkSjs osQ fy, jokuk gksus okyh FkhaA
baXySaM osQ lekpkj&i=kksa esa jkuh osQ ukSdjksa] ckofpZ;ksa] vaxj{kdksa ls
lacafèkr Nih foLr`r tkudkfj;k¡ Hkkjr osQ lekpkj&i=kksa esa Nius yxhaA
jkuh dh ;k=kk dks ysdj muosQ nthZ dh fpark dh [kcj Hkh i<+h xbZA
jkuh dk vkxeu fnYyh esa gksuk Fkk] blfy, lM+osaQ lqèkjus yxhaA
bekjrsa ltus yxhaA ukd Å¡ph j[kus osQ fy, lHkh rS;kfj;k¡ tksj&'kksj
ij Fkha fd dM+h lqj{kk osQ ckn Hkh bafM;k xsV osQ lkeus yxh tkWtZ
iape dh ewfrZ dh ukd xk;c gks xbZA ,d fons'kh osQ vkxeu ij ,d
fons'kh dh ukd osQ u gksus ls Hkkjr dh ukd ugha cp ldrh] blfy,
ns'k osQ ftEesnkj usrkvksa vkSj vfèkdkfj;ksa us lHkk dh vkSj ewfrZ ij
ukd yxkus dk fu'p; fd;kA ,d xjhc ewfrZdkj us viuh xjhch nwj
djus osQ fy, fgEer djosQ volj dk ykHk mBkuk pkgkA mlus lHkk
esa iqjkrRo foHkkx dh iQkbyksa ls tkWtZ iape dh ewfrZ osQ tSlk iRFkj
<q¡<+ok;k] ijarq iQkbyksa esa oqQN Hkh tkudkjh ugha feyhA fiQj lHkk dh
xbZA mlesa mlus ns'k osQ igkM+ksa vkSj [kkuksa osQ iRFkjksa ls ewfrZ osQ iRFkj
dks feykdj ns[kus dk fu'p; fd;kA usrkvksa vkSj vfèkdkfj;ksa dks
fgEer feyhA ijarq ewfrZdkj dks vius iwjs iz;kl osQ ckn oSlk iRFkj
Hkh ugha feykA bl ckj ewfrZdkj us lHkk dks xqIr cukrs gq, lq>ko
fn;k fd v[kckjksa dks nwj j[kk tk,A ns'k osQ egkiq#"kksa dh ewfrZ;ksa dh
ukdksa osQ uki fy, tk,¡ vkSj Bhd vkus ij mrkjdj os yxk nh tk,¡A
?kcjkgV osQ ckn Hkh lnL;ksa lfgr lHkkifr us ewfrZdkj dks vuqefr ns
'kCn&laink
e; ¾ osQ lkFkA ièkkjuk ¾ vkukA 'kkgh ¾ jktlhA
nkSjk ¾ vkxeuA i•QkSt&iQkVk ¾ lgk;d yksxksa dh cuh HkhMA iUus
jaxuk ¾ fy[kdj Hkj nsukA ckophZ ¾ [kkuk cukus okykA [kkulkek
¾ [kkuk ijkslus okykA rgydk ¾ tksjnkj gypyA 'kku&'kkSdr ¾
BkV&ckVA cslk[rk ¾ LokHkkfod :i lsA jger ¾ n;kA dk;kiyV
¾ :i ifjorZuA uktuhuksa ¾ dksey vaxksa okyhA is'k ¾ izLrqrA
nkLrku ¾ dFkkA etky ¾ fgEerA vtk;c?kj ¾ izn'kZu&?kjA ykV
¾ ewfrZA x'r ¾ igjkA ljxjeh ¾ gypyA [kSj[okg ¾ HkykbZ pkgus
okykA tku esa tku vkuk ¾ jkgr eglwl gksukA elyk ¾ ekeykA
e'kojk ¾ fopkj&foe'kZA fnekx [kjksapuk ¾ [kwc fopkj djus dks
ckè; djuk] ijs'kku djukA gkf”kj ¾ mifLFkrA cngokl ¾ ?kcjk;k
gqvkA vk¡[kksa esa vk¡lw vkuk ¾ cgqr nq[kh gksukA rkduk ¾ ns[kukA
Nkuchu ¾ [kkstchuA isV phjuk ¾ xgjh [kkstchu djukA [krk ¾ xyrhA
1 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN

deys'oj
gh nh] ijarq nqHkkZX; ls iwjs ns'k osQ egkiq#"kksa dh ewfrZ;ksa osQ lkFk lu
1942 osQ vkanksyu esa fcgkj lfpoky; osQ lkeus 'kghn gq, cPpksa dh
ewfrZ;ksa dh ukosaQ Hkh tkWtZ dh ukd ls cM+h fudyhaA jkuh osQ vkxeu
dk le; djhc FkkA fiQj dh xbZ cSBd esa vfèkdkfj;ksa vkSj usrkvksa
dh gM+cM+kgV ns[kdj ewfrZdkj us ns'k dh ukd cpkus osQ fy, pkyhl
djksM+ dh vkcknh okys Hkkjr osQ ,d ukxfjd dh thfor ukd yxkus
dk jkLrk lq>k;kA vius izLrko ij lHkk esa lUukVk Nkrk ns[kdj
ewfrZdkj us [kqn vkxs c<+dj tc dke dh ftEesnkjh ys yh] rks mls
fiQj bl dk;Z dh vuqefr fey xbZA vc tkWtZ iape dh ewfrZ lkI+kQ
dh xbZA ml ij jax fd;k x;kA v[kckj okyksa dks [kcj nh xbZ fd
tkWtZ dh ewfrZ dh ukd dh leL;k dk gy fudy vk;k gSA ukd
yxus okyh gSA viuh gh ;kstuk ij ijs'kku ewfrZdkj us ,d fnu
desVh okyksa ls thfor ukd ykus vkSj yxkus esa enn ek¡xhA desVh
okyksa us ewfrZ osQ vklikl cus rkykc dh lI+kQkbZ djosQ rktk ikuh
Hkjk] vkSj vxys fnu ewfrZdkj us ewfrZ ij ukd fiQV dj nhA yksxksa us
tkWtZ iape dh ewfrZ ij ftank tSlh fn[kkbZ nsus okyh ukd ns[khA
ewfrZdkj osQ lkFk lHkh [kq'k Fks fd le; ls igys gh ns'k dh ukd
cpkdj] ukd mQij j[kus dk bar”kke gks x;kA v[kckj okyksa us rks
ml fnu fdlh osQ vfHkuanu] Lokxr lekjksg ;k mn~?kkVu dh u rks
[kcj Nkih vkSj u iQksVksA osQoy euq"; dh rjg fn[kkbZ nsus okyh]
tktZ iape dks yxh ukd dh [kcj Nkidj ukd jfgr gq, Hkkjr dh
vlfy;r dks mn~?kkfVr fd;kA
gte dj ysuk ¾ lekIr dj nsukA mnklh osQ ckny ¾ fujk'kk osQ
Hkko vkukA ftEes ¾ gokysA nkjksenkj ¾ fdlh dk;Z osQ gksus ;k djus
dh iwjh ftEesnkjh] dk;ZHkkjA xHkZ esa ¾ xgjkbZ esaA [kku ¾ [knkuA
grk'k ¾ fujk'kA ykur ¾ fèkDdkjA flj yVdkuk ¾ fujk'k ;k mnkl
gksukA pIik&pIik [kkstuk ¾ ckjhdh ls [kkstchu djukA rS'k ¾
vkos'kA vk¡[kksa esa ped vkuk ¾ vk'kk c¡èkukA btktr ¾ vuqefrA
vk¡[kksa esa [kq'kh rSjuk ¾ izlUu gksukA [kycyh epuk ¾ ?kcjkgV
iQSyukA lUukVk ¾ [kkeks'khA vpdpk;k ¾ pkSad mBk] HkkSapDd gqvkA
gfFk;kj can ¾ gfFk;kj fy,A fgnk;r ¾ funsZ'kA drbZ ¾ fcYoqQyA
xkSj djuk ¾ fo'ks"k è;ku nsukA iQhrk ¾ jaxhu MksjhA lkoZtfud ¾ vke]
lHkh osQ n~okjk iz;ksx fd;k tkus okykA vfHkuanu ¾ LokxrA
eku&i=k ¾ lEeku esa fn;k tkus okyk i=kA cqr ¾ ewfrZA
 ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- ikB~;&iqLrd osQ iz'uksRrj
1- ljdkjh ra=k eas tkWtZ iape dh ukd yxkus dks ysdj tks
fpark ;k cngoklh fn[kkbZ nsrh gS] og mudh fdl
ekufldrk dks n'kkZrh gS\ [(CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
mRrj % ljdkjh ra=k eas tkWtZ iape dh ukd yxkus dks ysdj tks fpark
;k cngoklh fn[kkbZ nsrh gS] og mudh vlqj{kk osQ izfr cuh
fpark dks n'kkZrh gSA ;g inksa osQ fNu tkus] viekfur fd,
tkus vkSj LFkkukarfjr fd, tkus osQ izfr cuh lksp dks Li"V
djrh gSA ;g inksUufr u fd, tkus vFkok vU; fdlh Hkh
izdkj ls nafMr fd, tkus dks ysdj cuh ghu ekufldrk dks
le>krh gSA ;g ns'k vFkok ukxfjdksa dh lqj{kk dh fpark ls
nwj] vius LokFkZ dh iwfrZ osQ fy, cnrj curs fopkjksa dks
izdV djrh gSA
2- jkuh ,fytkcsFk osQ njth dh ijs'kkuh dk D;k dkj.k
Fkk\ mldh ijs'kkuh dks vki fdl rjg roZQlaxr Bgjk,¡x\s
mRrj % jkuh ,fytkcsFk osQ njth dh ijs'kkuh dk dkj.k fLFkfr osQ
vuqowQy mudh cukbZ tkus okyh iks'kkosaQ FkhaA og ;g ugha
le> ik jgk Fkk fd muosQ fganqLrku] ikfdLrku vkSj usiky
osQ nkSjs osQ fy, og oSQlh iks'kkosaQ cuk, fd jkuh izlUu gks
tk,A mlus jkuh osQ fganqLrku osQ nkSjs osQ fy, fganqLrku ls
uhys jax dk js'keh diM+k e¡xokdj lwV cuk;k FkkA fiQj Hkh
jkuh dk njth gksus osQ dkj.k mldk lekt esa lEeku FkkA
mls vPNk èku Hkh izkIr gksrk FkkA og ml ns'k dk ukxfjd
Hkh FkkA vr% lEeku] èku vkSj drZO; dks ns[krs gq, gesa
mldh fpark roZQlaxr yxrh gSA
3- ^vkSj ns[krs gh ns[krs ubZ fnYyh dk dk;kiyV gksus
yxkA* ubZ fnYyh osQ dk;kiyV osQ fy, D;k&D;k iz;Ru
fd, x, gksaxs\ [(CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
mRrj % ubZ fnYyh dh dk;k dks cnyus osQ fy, lM+dksa dks lkI+kQ
fd;k x;k] mudh ejEer dh xbZ vkSj mUgsa lqanj cuk;k x;kA
bekjrksa dks Hkh cM+h [kwclwjrh osQ lkFk ltk;k x;kA bl rjg
lM+dksa vkSj bekjrksa dh 'kksHkk c<+kdj ubZ fnYyh dks uohu
vkSj [kwclwjr cuk;k x;kA
4- vkt dh i=kdkfjrk esa pfpZr gfLr;ksa osQ igukos vkSj
[kku&iku lacaèkh vknrksa vkfn osQ o.kZu dk nkSj py
iM+k gS µ
(d) bl izdkj dh i=kdkfjrk osQ ckjs esa vkiosQ D;k
fopkj gSa\
mRrj % lkekU; ls fo'ks"k cuuk izR;sd euq"; dh pkg gksrh gSA ;g
,d lkekU; ckr gS] ijarq lHkh dh ;g pkg lnk gh iwjh ugha
gksrhA vr% fo'ks"k cus yksx vFkkZr pfpZr gfLr;ksa osQ izfr
2 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
yksxksa dh mRlqdrk cuh jgrh gSA i=kdkfjrk blh mRlqdrk
dh iwfrZ esa lgk;d curh gSA ;g pfpZr gfLr;ksa osQ [kku&iku
vkSj igukos mudh laLÑfr] izns'k vFkok ns'k dh igpku
djkrh gSA bl izdkj ;g gekjs lkekU; Kku dks c<+krh gS]
gesa tkx:d cukrh gS vkSj gekjs laioZQ esa vk, yksxksa dks
tkx:d cukus dh izsj.kk Hkh nsrh gSA
([k) bl rjg dh i=kdkfjrk vke turk fo'ks"kdj ;qok ih<+h
ij D;k izHkko Mkyrh gS\
mRrj % bl rjg dh i=kdkfjrk vke turk] fo'ks"kdj ;qok ih<+h dks
vusd :iksa esa izHkkfor djrh gSA tSls blosQ ekè;e ls ;qok
ih<+h tkx:d curh gS] thou esa vkxs c<+uk lh[krh gS vkSj
blls mldk lkekU; Kku c<+rk gSA ijarq dHkh&dHkh ;qok
ih<+h mfpr&vuqfpr ij fopkj u dj osQoy vuqdj.k dks
vfèkd egRo nsus dh Hkwy djus yxrh gS vkSj Hkzfer gksdj
og vLoLFk ekufldrk dk f'kdkj gks tkrh gSA mldk
vkRefo'okl detksj gks tkrk gS] mlesa Lor% fu.kZ; ysus]
eqf'dyksa dk lkeuk djus vkSj vius y{;ksa dks ikus dh
{kerk Hkh dHkh&dHkh iSnk ugha gks ikrhA
5- tkWtZ iape dh ykV dh ukd dks iqu% yxkus osQ fy,
ewfrZdkj us D;k&D;k ;Ru fd,\[(CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
mRrj % lcls igys ewfrZdkj us iqjkrRo foHkkx dh iQkbyksa ls irk
djok;k fd tkWtZ iape dh ykV dk iRFkj dgk¡ ls yk;k x;k
FkkA ogk¡ ls irk u pyk rks mlus iwjs fganqLrku osQ igkM+ksa vkSj
[kkuksa esa oSlk iRFkj [kkstkA ij tc oSlk iRFkj Hkh ugha feyk
rks mlus egkiq#"kksa dh cuh ewfrZ;ksa dh ukdksa dks dkVdj
yxkus osQ fy, iwjs ns'k dk nkSjk fd;kA vliQy gksus ij
ewfrZdkj us fcgkj lsozsQVfj;V osQ lkeus lu 1942 esa 'kghn
gksus okys cPpksa dh ewfrZ;ksa dh ukosaQ Hkh dkVuh pkgha] ijarq
tc cPpksa dh ewfrZ;ksa dh ukosaQ Hkh cM+h fudyha] rks mlus
lHkk esa Hkkjr osQ ,d ukxfjd dh ftank ukd dkVus dh Hkh
vuqefr ek¡xhA desVh okyksa ls enn ysdj ewfrZdkj us tkWtZ
iape dh ewfrZ osQ vkl&ikl lkI+kQ ikuh Hkjok;k vkSj vxys
fnu ftank ukd ewfrZ ij fiQV dj nhA rkts ikuh osQ Hkjus osQ
ihNs mldk mn~ns'; ukd dks jkuh osQ vkus rd rk”kk cuk,
j[kuk FkkA mlus v[kckj okyksa osQ lkeus egkiq#"kksa dh
ewfrZ;ksa dh ukdksa] 'kghn cPpksa dh ewfrZ;ksa dh ukdksa dks
mrkjus dh ckr lHkklnksa ls fopkj djosQ ugha vkus nhA
ewfrZdkj us desVh dh enn ls tkWtZ iape dh ewfrZ dks ,d
ukxfjd dh ftank ukd yxkus vkSj vkl&ikl ikuh Hkjus dh
ckr osQ ihNs fNis jgL; dks Hkh v[kckjksa rd ugha igq¡pus
fn;kA
 6- izLrqr dgkuh esa txg&txg ,sls dFku vk, gSa tks
ekStwnk O;oLFkk ij djkjh pksV djrs gSaA mnkgj.k osQ
fy, ^iQkbysa lc oqQN g”ke dj pqdh gSa* ;k ^lc
gqDdkeksa us ,d&nwljs dh rjiQ rkdk*A ikB esa vk, ,sls
vU; dFku Nk¡Vdj fyf[k,A
mRrj % 1- iQksVksxzkiQjksa dh iQkSt rS;kj gks jgh Fkh---
2- vkSj rks vkSj] muosQ ukSdjksa] ckofpZ;ks]a [kkulkeks]a vaxj{kdksa
dh iwjh dh iwjh thofu;k¡ ns[kus esa vkb±A 'kkgh egy esa
jgus vkSj iyus okys oqQRrksa rd dh rLohjsa v[kckjksa esa
Ni xb±---
3- 'ka[k baXySaM esa ct jgk Fkk] xw¡t fganqLrku esa vk jgh FkhA
4- vkSj dfj'ek rks ;g Fkk fd fdlh us fdlh ls ugha dgk]
fdlh us fdlh dks ugha ns[kk ij lM+osaQ toku gks xb±A
5- ubZ fnYyh esa lc Fkk--- flI+kZQ ukd ugha FkhA
6- jkuh vk, vkSj ukd u gks!
7- ukd eku&lEeku vkSj izfr"Bk dk n~;ksrd gSA ;g ckr
iwjh O;aX; jpuk esa fdl rjg mHkjdj vkbZ gS] fyf[k,A
[(CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
mRrj % jkuh dk nthZ jkuh dh fLFkfr osQ vuqlkj diM+ksa osQ flyus esa
viuh vkSj vius ns'k dh ukd Å¡ph ns[krk gSA og jkuh osQ
fganqLrku nkSjs osQ fy, fganqLrku ls js'keh diM+k e¡xokrk gSA
v[kckjksa esa jkuh ls tqM+s ckofpZ;ksa] ukSdjksa] [kkulkeksa vkSj fiazl
fiQfyi osQ thou ls lacafèkr Nih ckrksa ls jkuh dh ukd Å¡ph
gksrh gSA jktegy esa iyus okys oqQRrksa dk iQksVks Hkh mldk
lEeku c<+krk gSA jkuh osQ ikye gokbZ vM~Ms ij mrjus ls igys
fnYyh dh lM+dksa dks u;k cukus vkSj bekjrksa dks ltkus ls
ns'k dh ukd Å¡ph gksrh gSA ,d fons'kh tkWtZ iape dh bafM;k
xsV ij j[kh ewfrZ dh ukd osQ xk;c gks tkus ij vfèkdkfj;ksa
vkSj usrkvksa esa [kycyh ep tkrh gSA mUgsa viuh vkSj ns'k dh
ukd osQ uhps gks tkus dk Mj gks tkrk gSA ,d fons'kh 'kkld
osQ lkeus ns'k dh ukd j[kus osQ fy, lHkh laHko iz;kl djrs
gSaA egkiq#"kksa dh ewfrZ;ksa dh ukdksa rd dks mrkjdj yxkus dh
dksf'k'k esa tc liQy ugha gksrs] rks ,d ukxfjd dh ukd
dVokdj yxok nsrs gSa vkSj ns'k dh ukd uhph gksus ls cp
tkrh gSA bl rjg iwjh O;aX; jpuk ukd dks eku&lEeku vkSj
izfr"Bk dh n~;ksrd cudj mHkjrh gSA
8- tkWtZ iape dh ykV ij fdlh Hkh Hkkjrh; usrk] ;gk¡
rd fd Hkkjrh; cPps dh ukd fiQV u gksus dh ckr ls
ys[kd fdl vksj laosQr djuk pkgrk gS\
mRrj % tkWtZ iape dh ykV ij fdlh Hkh Hkkjrh; usrk] ;gk¡ rd fd
Hkkjrh; cPps dh ukd fiQV u gksus dh ckr ls ys[kd ;g
laoQs r djuk pkgrk gS fd igys Hkkjrh; yksx vius thou&ewY;ksas
3 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
dks Lo;a fuf'pr djrs FksA os vius vuqHkoksa dks gh viuk
xq# cukrs FksA os fdlh dk vuqdj.k ugha djrs FksA cM+s gksa
;k NksVs] Hkkjrh; lcls vyx FksA mudh viuh igpku gqvk
djrh Fkh] ftls os dHkh ugha [kksrs FksA izk.kksa dks U;ksNkoj
djosQ Hkh os viuh xfjek dks cuk, j[krs FksA
9- v[kckjksa us ftank ukd yxkus dh [kcj dks fdl rjg ls
izLrqr fd;k\
mRrj % v[kckjksa us ftank ukd yxkus dh [kcj dks izdkf'kr djrs
gq, fy[kk fd tkWtZ iape dh ewfrZ ij ,slh ukd yxkbZ xbZ
gS] tks ftank euq"; dh gS--- fdlh iRFkj dh ughaA mUgksaus ml
fnu iwjs ns'k esa dgha Hkh iQhrk dkVdj fdlh mn~?kkVu dh
[kcj ugha NkihA fdlh lkoZtfud lHkk esa fdlh osQ Hkh
vfHkuanu fd, tkus dh vkSj ekui=k fn, tkus dh [kcj ugha
NkihA fdlh gokbZ vM~Ms ;k LVs'ku ij gq, Lokxr lekjksg
dh [kcj ;k dksbZ fp=k Hkh ugha NkikA osQoy ftank ukd
yxkus dh [kcj Nkih vkSj vius [kkyhiu ls ns'k dh ukd
osQ fy, ftEesnkj usrkvksa] vfèkdkfj;ksa vkSj izeq[k yksxksa osQ
fcuk ukd osQ gks tkus dks Li"V fd;kA
10- ^ubZ fnYyh esa lc Fkk--- fli+ZQ ukd ugha FkhA* bl dFku
osQ ekè;e ls ys[kd D;k dguk pkgrk gS\
[(CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
mRrj % ubZ fnYyh esa lc Fkk--- flI+kZQ ukd ugha Fkh] bl dFku osQ
ekè;e ls ys[kd ;g dguk pkgrk gS fd jktèkkuh gksus osQ
ckn Hkh ;gk¡ osQ yksx ns'k osQ izfr ftEesnkj ugha jgsA
vfèkdkjh gksa ;k usrk] flI+kZQ LokFkks± dh iwfrZ osQ fy, inksa ij
dke djrs gSaA yksxksa dk vkRelEeku [kks x;k gSA ns'kizse vkSj
drZO;cksèk ugha jgkA ekuork ugha jghA fn[kkos dk gh
LokfHkeku jg x;k gSA ns'k dh fdlh dks fpark ugha gSA LokFkZ
dh iwfrZ fdlh Hkh gn rd fxjdj dh tkrh gSA
11- tkWtZ iape dh ukd yxus okyh [kcj osQ fnu v[kckj
pqi D;ksa Fks\
mRrj % tkWtZ iape dh ewfrZ ij ,d Hkkjrh; dh thfor ukd dkVdj
yxkbZ xbZ FkhA ml thfor ukd dks ewfrZdkj osQ f'kYi dh
oqQ'kyrk osQ vkèkkj ij iRFkj dk dgdj Hkzfer fd;kA ;g
dke lksp&le>dj rFkk v[kckjksa dks lPpkbZ ls nwj j[kdj
fd;k x;k FkkA blesa ns'k dh ukd osQ fy, ftEesnkj usrk vkSj
cM+s vfèkdkjh 'kkfey FksA ,d Hkkoqd dgk tkus okyk
dykdkj oqQN iSlksa osQ fy, bl vekuoh; dk;Z esa 'kkfey
FkkA bl dk;Z dks djosQ vfèkdkjh vkSj usrk turk dks bl
ckr dk vglkl djkuk pkg jgs Fks fd mUgksaus Hkkjr dh
ukd uhph gksus ls cpkbZ gSA Øwjrk vkSj "kM~;a=k ls Hkjs bl
xqIr iz;kl ls nq[kh v[kckjksa dks iwjk ns'k fcuk ukd dk yxus
yxkA blfy, mUgksaus bl lPph [kcj dks Nkik vkSj fdlh
Hkh nwljh [kcj ;k fp=k dks ugha NkikA
 fuca/kRed iz'u
fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,A
1- jkuh ,fy”kkcsFk n~forh; osQ Hkkjr vkxeu ls iwoZ
vfèkdkfj;ksa dks D;k fpark gqbZ\ ns'k dh ukd cpkus osQ
fy, dkSu&lh th&rksM+ dksf'k'ksa dh xb±\
[(CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
mRrj % ,d fons'kh osQ vkxeu ij ,d fons'kh dh ukd osQ u gksus
ls Hkkjr dh ukd ugha cp ldrh] blfy, ns'k osQ ftEesnkj
usrkvksa vkSj vfèkdkfj;ksa us lHkk dh vkSj ewfrZ ij ukd yxkus
dk fu'p; fd;kA ,d xjhc ewfrZdkj us viuh xjhch nwj
djus osQ fy, fgEer djosQ volj dk ykHk mBkuk pkgkA
mlus lHkk esa iqjkrRo foHkkx dh iQkbyksa ls tkWtZ iape dh
ewfrZ osQ tSlk iRFkj <q¡<+ok;k] ijarq iQkbyksa esa oqQN Hkh
tkudkjh ugha feyhA fiQj lHkk dh xbZA mlesa mlus ns'k osQ
igkM+ksa vkSj [kkuksa osQ iRFkjksa ls ewfrZ osQ iRFkj dks feykdj
ns[kus dk fu'p; fd;kA usrkvksa vkSj vfèkdkfj;ksa dks fgEer
feyhA ijarq ewfrZdkj dks vius iwjs iz;kl osQ ckn oSlk iRFkj
Hkh ugha feykA bl ckj ewfrZdkj us lHkk dks xqIr cukrs gq,
lq>ko fn;k fd v[kckjksa dks nwj j[kk tk,A ns'k osQ egkiq#"kksa
dh ewfrZ;ksa dh ukdksa osQ uki fy, tk,¡ vkSj Bhd vkus ij
mrkjdj os yxk nh tk,¡A ?kcjkgV osQ ckn Hkh lnL;ksa lfgr
lHkkifr us ewfrZdkj dks vuqefr ns gh nh] ijarq nqHkkZX; ls iwjs
ns'k osQ egkiq#"kksa dh ewfrZ;ksa osQ lkFk lu 1942 osQ vkanksyu
esa fcgkj lfpoky; osQ lkeus 'kghn gq, cPpksa dh ewfrZ;ksa
dh ukosaQ Hkh tkWtZ dh ukd ls cM+h fudyhaA
ijs'kku ewfrZdkj us ,d fnu desVh okyksa ls thfor ukd ykus
vkSj yxkus esa enn ek¡xhA desVh okyksa us ewfrZ osQ vklikl
cus rkykc dh lI+kQkbZ djosQ rktk ikuh Hkjk] vkSj vxys fnu
ewfrZdkj us ewfrZ ij ukd fiQV dj nhA yksxksa us tkWtZ iape
dh ewfrZ ij ftank tSlh fn[kkbZ nsus okyh ukd ns[khA
2- jkuh ,fy”kkcsFk n~forh; osQ vkus dh [kcj us fganqLrku
esa oSQlh luluh iQSyk nh\
mRrj % vaxzsth 'kkludky esa baXySM dh jkuh ,fy”kkcsFk n~forh;
vius ifr osQ lkFk fganqLrku osQ lkFk ikfdLrku vkSj usiky
Hkh tkus okyh FkhaA muosQ vkxeu ij fgUnqLrku esa Lokxr dh
Hkkjh rS;kjh dh tk jgh FkhA muosQ vkus dh rS;kfj;ksa dh
[kcj us iwjs fgUnqLrku esa luluh iSQyh nh FkhA lHkh v[kckjksa
esa muosQ 'kkgh nkSjs dh rS;kfj;ksa dh [kcjsa NihaA jkuh dgk¡&dgk¡
tk,¡xh] dgk¡ dc dkSu&lk lwV igusaxh] ml lwV dk diM+k
dgk¡ ls vk;k gS] ml ij fdruk [kpkZ vk;k gS vkfn [kcjsa
izeq[krk ls NihaA mudh tUei=kh Hkh NihA muosQ ukSdjksa]
jlksb;ksa] [kku&lkeksa vkSj vaxj{kdksa dh Hkh thofu;k¡ NihaA
4 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
luluh ;g Fkh fd tkWtZ iape dh ewfrZ ls ukd gh xk;c gks
xbZ FkhA
3- tktZ iape dh ukd oSQls xk;c gks xbZ\
mRrj % bl ukd dh Hkh ,d yach nkLrku gSA tktZ iape dh ukd
osQ fy, cM+s rgyosQ eps FksA vusd jktuhfrd ikfVZ;ksa us
izLrko Hkh ikl fd,A bl dke osQ fy, pank Hkh ,df=kr
fd;k x;k FkkA blosQ ckjs esa usrkvksa dh Hkk"k.kck”kh Hkh [kwc
gqbZ FkhA ;g lkjh cgl bl ckr dks ysdj Fkh fd tkWtZ iape
dh ukd jgus nh tk, ;k gVk nh tk,A tSlk fd izk;% gj
jktuhfrd vkanksyu esa gksrk gS oqQN i{k esa vksj oqQN foi{k
esa FksA ”;knkrj yksx [kkeks'k FksA ;g vkanksyu py jgk FkkA
tkWtZ iape dh ukd osQ fy, gfFk;kj can igjsnkj rSukr dj
fn, x, Fks rkfd dksbZ tkWtZ iape dh ukd rd u igq¡p ik,A
ysfdu x'r pyrh jgus osQ ckotwn ,d fnu tkWtZ iape dh
ykV dh ukd ,dk,d xk;c gks xbZA
4- ukd yxus osQ fnu dksbZ lkoZtfud lekjksg D;ksa ugha
gqvk\
mRrj % tkWtZ iape dh ewfrZ ij fdlh Hkkjrh; dh ukd dkVdj
yxkbZ tkuh FkhA tks tkWtZ iape dh ukd ij fiQV cSBsA bl
dkj.k lHkh usrk vkSj ljdkjh vfèkdkjh Mjs gq, FksA mUgsa ,slk
yx jgk Fkk fd dgha mUgha dh ukd dkVdj u yxk nh tk,A
ml fnu mUgksaus dksbZ lkoZtfud dk;ZØe ugha fd;kA Hkkjr
osQ fy, ;g fnu cgqr 'keZ dk FkkA fons'kh eksg osQ dkj.k
Hkkjrh;ksa dh cfy p<+kbZ tk jgh FkhA Hkkoqd dgk tkus okyk
dykdkj oqQN iSlksa osQ fy, bl vekuoh; deZ esa 'kkfey
FkkA vius blh 'keZ dks fNikus osQ fy, fdlh lekjksg dk
vk;kstu ugha gqvkA
5- ,fy”kkcsFk osQ Hkkjr vkxeu ij v[kckj okys bXySaM esa
ctrs 'ka[k dh xw¡t dks fganqLrku oSQls igq¡pk jgs Fks\
mRrj % jkuh ,fy”kkcsFk osQ Hkkjr vkxeu ij jkst yanu osQ v[kckjksa
esa muosQ 'kkgh nkSjs dh rS;kfj;ksa dh [kcjsa Ni jgh FkhaA
elyu jkuh dgk¡&dgk¡ tk,¡xh] dc dkSu&lk lwV igusxh]
ml lwV dk diM+k dgk¡ ls vk;k gS] ml ij fdruk [kpkZ
vk;k gS] vkfnA nwljs fnu fganqLrkuh v[kckjksa esa bXySaM osQ
v[kckjksa dh lHkh [kcjsa NihaA jkuh dh tUei=kh Hkh NihA
muosQ iq=k fiQfyi osQ dkjukesa Hkh NisA muosQ ukSdjksa jlksb;ksa]
[kkulkekas vkSj vaxj{kdksa dh thofu;k¡ NihA gn rks rc gqbZ
fd jkuh osQ dqRrksa dh iQksVks Hkh v[kckjksa esa NihA
6- ewfrZdkj us D;k lq>ko fn;k vkSj mls lqudj lHkkifr
us D;k izfrfØ;k izdV dh\ ikB osQ vkèkkj ij Li"V
djsaA [(CBSE 2010 (Term-I)]
mRrj % tkWtZ iape dh ukd yxkus osQ fy, ewfrZdkj us lcls igys
;g lq>ko fn;k fd ;fn ml iRFkj dk irk py tk, ftlls
ewfrZ cuh gS rks ukd yx tk,xh] ij irk ugha pykA ewfrZdkj
dks fiQj cqyk;k x;kA mlus nwljk lq>ko fn;k fd og
fganqLrku osQ gj igkM+ ij tk,xk vkSj ,slk iRFkj [kkstdj
yk,xkA bl ij lHkkifr us xoZ ls dgk fd ,slh D;k ph”k
gS tks fganqLrku esa ugha feyrhA gj ph”k ns'k osQ xHkZ esa fNih
gS] ”k:jr [kkst djus dh gSA [kkst djus osQ fy, esgur
djuh gksxh] esgur dk iQy gesa feysxkA tc ewfrZdkj dks
iRFkj ugha feyk rks mlus crk;k fd ;g iRFkj fons'kh gSA bl
ij lHkkifr us rS'k esa vkdj mlls dgk ykur gS vkidh
vDy ijA fons'kksa dh lkjh ph”ksa ge viuk pqoQs gSa fny&fnekx]
rkSj&rjhosQ vkSj jgu lguA fiQj iRFkj D;ksa ugha feyrk\ rc
ewfrZdkj us ,dkar esa ,d lq>ko fn;kA ns'k osQ usrkvksa dh
ewfrZ;ksa esa ftldh ukd Bhd cSBs] mrkj dj mls yxk fn;k
-iQkWjesfVo vlslesaV osQ fy,
deys'oj }kjk fyf[kr bl dgkuh esa lkjk O;aX; ^ukd* ij
osQafnzr djrs gq, ys[kd us vk”kknh feyus osQ ckn Hkh lRrk ls tqM+s
yksxksa dh vkSifuosf'kd nkSj dh ekufldrk vkSj fons'kh vkd"kZ.k ij
xgjh pksV dh gSA
fØ;kdyki
fganh esa izpfyr ^ukd* ls tqMs+ eqgkojs ^ukd dVuk* dk vFkZ&foLrkj
ls izLrqr djrs gq, ys[kd us ;g O;aX;kRed ys[k fy[kk gSA vki Hkh
fdlh vU; eqgkojs dks vkèkkj ekudj ,d O;aX;kRed ys[k fy[kus
dk iz;kl dhft,A
d{kk&dk;Z
vki d{kk esa cPpksa ls fuEufyf[kr iz'u iwN ldrs gS%a
5 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
tk,A lHkkifr us blosQ fy, LohÑfr nsrs gq, dgk fd ;g
dke gksf'k;kjh ls gksuk pkfg,A
7- ^tkWtZ iape dh ukd* uked ikB osQ ekè;e ls ys[kd
D;k dguk pkgrk gS\
mRrj % ^tkWtZ iape dh ukd* uked bl fucaèk esa ys[kd us
LokfHkeku 'kwU; Hkkjrh; 'kkldksa ij O;aX; fd;k gSA ys[kd
us Lora=k Hkkjr osQ mu 'kkldksa ij dVk{k fd;k gS tks vius
vkRe&lEeku dks Hkwy pqosQ gSaA os vrhr esa gq, vius
vieku dks Hkwydj vR;kpkfj;ksa dk lEeku djus esa yxs gq,
gSaA mUgsa Hkkjrh; egkiq#"kksa vkSj 'kghnksa }kjk fd, x, la?k"kZ
;kn ugha gSaA os mlh dh fpark dj jgs gSa ftlus mUgsa xqyke
cuk;k FkkA fucaèk osQ ekè;e ls ljdkjh dk;Z&iz.kkyh ij Hkh
O;aX; fd;k x;k gSA ljdkjh v-iQlj viuh ftEesnkjh nwljs
ij Mkyus dk iz;kl djrs gSaA dksbZ dke ugha djuk pkgrkA

^Ik+ Qkbysa lc g”ke dj pqdh gSa* dk vk'k; D;k gS\

ml fnu osQ v[kckj esa dkSu&lh ckr xkSj djus dh Fkh vkSj
D;ksa\

tkWtZ iape dh ewfrZ ij fdlh Hkkjrh; usrk dh ukd ugha
fiQV gksus ls vki D;k le>s\

luluh iSQyuk] rgydk epkuk] fnekx [kjksaps x,] isV phjs
x,] vkfn dk okD;ksa esa iz;ksx djsaA
x`g&dk;Z

^liQy i=kdkfjrk* fo"k; ij ,d ys[k fyf[k,A

fnYyh dh dk;kiyV oSQls gksus yxh\ crkb,A

ewfrZ ij ukd yxkus dk iSQlyk D;k mfpr Fkk] viuh
izfrfØ;k O;Dr dhft,A