v/;k; izFke izLrkouk

çsepUn % O;fäRo ,oa —frRo

¼d½ çsepUn % O;fäRo

tUe %
dFkk&lezkV çsepUn dk tUe okjk.klh 'kgj ds ik.Ms;iqj cktkj ls yxHkx 4
fdyksehVj nwj vktex<+ jksM ij ^yegh*^ uked xzke esa 31 tqykbZ] lu~ 1880 bZå dks dk;LFk
ifjokj esa gqvk FkkA firk vtk;cyky Mkdeqa'kh Fks vkSj ekrk vkuUnh nsoh dq'ky x`g.khA
çsepUn dk tUe rhu yM+fd;ksa ds ckn gqvk Fkk] blfy, bUgsa ^rsrj^ dgk tkrk FkkA budh
rhu cguksa esa nks dh e`R;q igys gh gks pqdh FkhA ,dek= cgu lqXxh thfor Fkh] tks mez esa
buls N% lky cM+h FkhA firk vtk;cyky us cM+s gh I;kj ls bl cPps dk uke ^/kuir jk;^
rFkk rkÅ us ^uokc jk;^ j[kkA

cPpk cgqr gh xksjk fpëk] lqUnj ,oa ek¡ dk nqykjk FkkA NksVk ,oa ,dek= iq= gksus
ls ek¡ vkuUnh nsoh bl ckyd ls cgqr vf/kd Lusg j[krh FkhaA cPps dks utj u yxs] blfy,
os cjkcj mudh utj mrjokrh ,oa >kM+&Qw¡d djokrh jgrh FkhaA tc çsepUn dh mez
yxHkx 8 o"kZ dh Fkh] rHkh buds flj ls ek¡ dk lk;k mB x;kA buds firk us nwljh 'kknh
dj yh] ftUgsa çsepUn ^pkph^ 'kCn ls lEcksf/kr djrs FksA çsepUn viuh bl ek¡ ls Hkh Lusg
j[krs Fks] ijUrq u;h ek¡ ds vk¡py esa bUgsa og Nk¡o ugha feyh] tks viuh ek¡ ds vk¡py esa
feyrh FkhA çsepUn dh ;g ihM+k mudh vusd dgkfu;ksa esa feyrh gSA

ikfjokfjd ifjp; %
miyC/k lk{;ksa ds vuqlkj yxHkx nks lkS lky igys Vhdkjke uke ds ,d O;fä FksA
os dgk¡ ds Fks vkSj dgk¡ ft;s&ejs] ;g Bhd&Bhd fdlh dks irk ughaA ysfdu vuqeku yxk;k
tkrk gS fd og yegh ds ikl ,sjs uked xzke ds jgs gksax]s D;ksafd bruh tkudkjh çkIr gksrh
gS fd bUgha ds rhljh iq'r ls eqa'kh xqjlgk; yky iVokjh cudj ,sjs ls yegh vk;sA eqa'kh
1
xqjlgk; yky ds pkj csVs Fks— dkSys'oj yky] egkohj yky] vtk;c yky rFkk mfnrukjk;.k
ykyA

yegh esa iVokjh cudj vkus ds ckn xqjlgk; yky us lkB ch?ks dh vkjkth cuk yh
vkSj nwljs uEcj ds csVs egkohj dks bl tehu dk okfj'k cuk fn;k A

xqjlgk; yky dh e`R;q ds ckn muds Hkrhts gjukjk;.k yky tks vius pkpk ds lkFk
gh ,sjs ls yegh vk;s Fks] us /kks[ks ls egkohj dks iêh i<+kdj mldh lkjh tehu vius uke
djok yhA dsoy N% ch?kk tehu tks fd xqjlgk; yky us egkohj ds csVs ds uke vyx ls
fy[kh Fkh] ogh cphA

ikfjokfjd fLFkfr fcxM+ tkus ds dkj.k egkohj [ksrh l¡Hkkyus yxs vkSj dkSys'oj yky]
vtk;c yky rFkk mfnrukjk;.k yky rhuksa Mkdeqa'kh cu x;s A ifjokj tSls gh l¡Hkyus
yxk] oSls gh ,d cgqr cM+k >Vdk rc yxk] tc dkSys'oj yky dh ek= rhl lky dh
voLFkk esa gks e`R;q x;hA mudh fo/kok iRuh ds lkFk lekt us cgqr vU;k; fd;kA fj'rs
ds ,d Hkrhts ds lkFk mudk uke tksM+dj mu ij pfj=ghurk dk ykaNu yxk;k ftlls
nq%[kh gksdj og xk¡o NksM+dj pqukj pyh x;hA mudk csVk eksrh Hkh ,d csVs vkSj rhu csfV;ksa
dh ftEesnkjh mu ij NksM+dj rhl lky dh voLFkk esa bl nqfu;k dks NksM+ fn;k A

eqa'kh vtk;c yky usd balku FksA os cjlksa viuh bl Hkrht & cgw dks ik¡p #i;
eghuk Hkstdj mldk lg;ksx djrs jgsA b/kj muds NksVs HkkbZ mfnrukjk;.k dks xcu ds
tqeZ esa tsy gks x;hA mfnrukjk;.k ds ifjokj ds Hkh Hkj.k&iks"k.k dh ftEesnkjh vtk;c
yky ij vk x;hA

vtk;c yky us nks fookg fd;k FkkA mudh igyh iRuh vkuUnh nsoh FkhA budh e`R;q
ds ckn vtk;c yky us nwljk fookg fd;kA budh e`R;q NIiu o"kZ dh voLFkk esa gqbZA
^^eqa'kh vtk;c yky dh iRuh vkuUnh muds vuq:i feyhA ns[kus esa ftruh lqUnj] LoHkko
dh mruh gh dkseyA lqUnj bruh fd 'kk;n bruh lqUnj L=h ifjokj esa fQj dHkh ugha

2
vk;h & [kwc xksjh] e¡>ksyk dn] Hkjk gqvk Njgjk 'kjhj] vk¡[ksa cM+h ugha ij lqUnj] mBh gqbZ
lqMkSy ukd] yEcs&yEcs cky rFkk ehBh vkoktA ^^

vkuUnh dk'kh fo'ofo|ky; ds ikl ds ,d xk¡o dh jgus okyh FkhA muds firk
'kjhQ] lTtu rFkk bZekunkj O;fä FksA os fdlh tehankj ds ;gk¡ dkfjUnk FksA vkuUnh
nsoh Hkh vius firk dh rjg lqUnj vkSj usdfny balku FkhA mudh f'k{kk cgqr ekewyh gqbZ
FkhA cl FkksM+h& dSFkh M+h&cgqr tkurh Fkh vkSj mruh gh dSFkh og viuh Hkrht & cgw dks
Hkh fl[kk nh FkhA

vkuUnh vkSj vtk;c yky ds thou esa ,d d"V Fkk fd muds cPps thrs ugha FksA
xk¡o dh vkSjrksa us ;g dguk 'kq# dj fn;k fd vkuUnh dk eSds tkuk Bhd ugha gS A ogk¡
mls Hkwr yx tkrk gS] blfy, cPpksa dh e`R;q gks tkrh gSA

^^vc ;g pkgs Hkwr dh ckr gks] pkgs ek= la;ksx] rhljh yM+dh tks fd vkuUnh dks
yegh esa iSnk gqbZ] ftldk uke lqXxh j[kk x;k] og ftUnk jgh vkSj muds N% lky ckn
yegh ds mlh dPps iq'rSuh edku esa tks eqa'kh vtk;c yky us cuok;k Fkk] lkou cnh 10]
laor~ 1936] 'kfuokj] 31 tqykbZ] 1880 bZ0 dks ml yM+ds dk tUe gqvk] ftls ckn esa nqfu;k
us ^çsepUn^ ds uke ls tkukA

ckY;dky %
çsepUn dk cpiu muds xk¡o yegh esa chrkA os cpiu ls gh fouksnfç;] uV[kV vkSj
'kjkjrh FksA mudh fouksnfç;rk dh >yd muds cpiu ds [ksyksa ls feyrh gS& Þ,d ckj
dh ckr gS] dbZ yM+ds feydj ukbZ ukbZ dk [ksy [ksy jgs FksA vkius ,d yM+ds dh gtker
cukrs gq, ck¡l iRuh dh e`R;q ds ckn vtk;c yky dh Hkh rfc;r [kjkc gks x;h] ml ij
mudk rcknyk fQj gks x;kA vtk;c yky us uokc dks fQj yegh igq¡pk fn;kA fcu ek¡
ds csVs dks nknh flQZ I;kj djrh] fdlh xyrh ij Hkh mUgsa ugha Mk¡VrhA u;h ek¡ ds vkus
ij Hkh uokc dk vdsykiu ugha ?kVkA vdsysiu esa yhu bl ckyd dh vkokjkxnhZ
fnu&ij&fnu c<+rh x;hA ;gk¡ rd fd ckjg&rsjg lky dh mez rd vkrs&vkrs uokc dks

3
flxjsV&chM+h dh cqjh yr iM+ x;hA cpiu ds bl lwusiu dks çsepUn lkjh mez ugha Hkqyk
ik;sA mUgksaus vius lkfgfR;d thou esa cgqr ls ,sls ik=ksa dh jpuk dh] ftldh ek¡ dh e`R;q
ckyd dh lkr&vkB lky dh mez esa gks x;h gks vkSj mldk thou lwusiu ls Hkj x;k gSA
vius lwusiu dh O;Fkk dks os vius miU;kl ^deZHkwfe^ ds uk;d vejdkUr ds ek/;e ls
n'kkZrs gSaA vejdkUr dgrk gS % ÞftUnxh dh og mez tc balku dks eqgCcr dh lcls T;knk
t:jr gksrh gS] cpiu gSA ml oä ikS/ks dks rjh fey tk; rks ftUnxh Hkj ds fy, mldh
tM+sa etcwr gks tkrh gSaA ml oä [kqjkd u ikdj mldh ftUnxh [kq'd gks tkrh gSA esjh
ek¡ dk mlh tekus esa nsgkUr gqvk vkSj rc ls esjh :g dks [kqjkd ugha feyhA ogh Hkw[k esjh
ftUnxh gSA^

vejdkUr dh ;g eu%fLFkfr fcYdqy uokc dh eu%fLFkfr yxrh gSA ftl çdkj ç—

fr dqN taxyh ikS/kksa dh ns[k&js[k Lo;a djrh gS] mls fdlh ekyh dh vko';drk ugha gksrh]
Bhd mlh çdkj bl vkokjk ckyd dh ns[kHkky ç—fr Lo;a dj jgh Fkh] og Hkh vius rjhds
ls] bl cky dh çfrHkk ds vuqdwyA

f'k{kk %
çsepUn dh çkjfEHkd f'k{kk yegh ls lok ehy dh nwjh ij cls xk¡o ykyiqj ls 'kq#
gqbZA ogk¡ ds ,d ekSyoh tks is'ks ls nthZ Fks vkSj enjlk Hkh pykrs Fks] mUgksaus çsepUn dks
mnwZ&Qkjlh i<+kuk 'kq# fd;kA ml tekus esa dk;LFk ?kjkus esa mnwZ&Qkjlh i<+us dk pyu
FkkA bl ekSyoh lkgc us çsepUn dh mnwZ&Qkjlh dh cqfu;kn [kwc iDdh dj nh Fkh A b.Vj
vkSj chå,å ds fy, mUgksaus ;g QSlyk fd;k fd ,d fo"k; ds :i esa Qkjlh t:j gksuk
pkfg,A

xksj[kiqj ds fe'ku Ldwy ls çsepUn us tSls&rSls vkBoha ikl fd;kA rHkh eqa'kh vtk;c
yky dh rfc;r vpkud [kjkc gks x;h vkSj fnu&ij&fnu [kjkc gksrh x;hA mudh nwljh
iRuh ls nks cPps Fks & xqykc] ekgrkcA iRuh vkSj nksuksa cPps muds lkFk FksA mudk rcknyk
tefu;k¡ gks x;k FkkA vc uokc uoha ntsZ esa vk x;s Fks vkSj muds firk us cukjl ds Dohal

4
dkyst esa nkf[kyk djk fn;k FkkA ,d ckj muls iwNk fd fdruk [kpZ yxsxkA uokc us
dgk& ik¡p #i;k ns fn;k dhft;sxkA exj ik¡p #i;s esa dgk¡ [kpZ pyus okyk Fkk & ^^ik¡o
esa twrs u FksA nsg ij lkfcr diM+s u Fks A eg¡xh vyx& nl lsj ds tkS FksA Ldwy ls lk<+s
rhu cts Nqêh feyrh FkhA dk'kh ds Dohal dkyst esa i<+rs FksA gsMekLVj us Qhl ekQ dj
nh FkhA bfErgku flj ij Fkk vkSj eSa ck¡lQkVd ,d yM+ds dks i<+kus tkrk FkkA tkM+s ds
fnu FksA pkj cts igq¡prk FkkA i<+kdj N% cts Nqêh ikrkA ogk¡ ls esjk ?kj nsgkr esa ik¡p
ehy ij FkkA rst pyus ij Hkh vkB cts ls igys ?kj u igq¡prk Fkk vkSj çkr%dky vkB gh
cts fQj ?kj ls pyuk iM+rk Fkk] oä ij Ldwy ugha igq¡prk FkkA jkr dks [kkuk [kkdj dqIih
ds lkeus i<+us cSBrk vkSj u tkus dc lks tkrkA fQj Hkh fgEer ck¡/ks gq, FkkA

ukSoha Dykl rd vkrs&vkrs uokc dk cpiu dkQh ihNs NwV pqdk FkkA muds firk
mudh 'kknh ds ckjs esa lkspus yxsA iUæg lky dh mez esa mudk fookg gks x;k] ijUrq iRuh
muds vuq:i ugha feyhA vxys lky ;kuh 1897 bZå dks mUgsa eSfVªd dh ijh{kk nsuh Fkh fd
nqHkkZX;o'k rHkh muds firk dh e`R;q gks x;h vkSj og ijh{kk esa ugha cSB ik;sA vxys o"kZ tc
mUgksaus ijh{kk nh rks lsds.M fMohtu esa ikl gq, ftlds dkj.k mudk nkf[kyk Dohal dkyst
esa ugha gks ldrk Fkk vkSj vxj fdlh rjg mudk ços'k gks Hkh tkrk rks Qhl ekQ ugha
gksrh] D;ksafd fu;e ds vuqlkj çFke Js.kh okyksa dh gh Qhl ekQ gks ldrh Fkh vkSj Qhl
ds fy, uokc ds ikl iSls ugha FksA ijUrq i<+kbZ tkjh j[kus dh ykylk uokc esa cjkcj cuh
jghA

muds i<+kbZ esa cgqr vUrjky gks x;kA b/kj mudh lsgr Hkh dqN [kjkc Fkh] fQj Hkh
mUgksaus ,Qå,å ds bfErgku ds fy, [kwc esgur dh vkSj b.Vj dk dkslZ iwjk djus esa tqV
x;sA ÞekpZ 1916 esa mUgksaus vaxzsth lkfgR;] Qkjlh] rdZ'kkL= vkSj vk/kqfud bfrgkl esa b.Vj
dh ijh{kk nh vkSj lsds.M fMohtu esa ikl gks x;s] bUVªsl
a ds iwjs vëkjg cjl cknA
1919 esa mUgksaus bykgkckn ls chå,å dh ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ dhA chå,å djus ds ckn os
vaxzsth esa ,eå,å djuk pkgrs Fks] ijUrq nks pkj eghus esa mUgksaus viuk fopkj cny fn;k
vkSj 12 uoEcj] 1920 dks vius [kr esa fuxe lkgc dks fy[kkA

5
Þ,eå,å dk bjknk rdZ dj fn;kA pkyhl&ipkl #i;s fdrkcksa esa lQZ gq,A dqN Lisalj ij
ns[k fy;kA rldhu gks x;kA ^

çsepUn dh f'k{kk esa cgqr gh mrkj&p<+ko vk;sA mUgksaus cgqr gh dfBu ifjJe ,oa
rax gkykrksa esa viuh f'k{kk iwjh dhA ekrk&firk dh e`R;q ds ckn i<+kbZ ds lkFk&lkFk ifjokj
dh ftEesnkjh Hkh muds dU/kksa ij vk x;hA vusd dfBukb;ksa dk lkeuk djrs gq, çsepUn us
vius f'k{kk dk lQj iwjk fd;kA

fookg %
çsepUn dk fookg iUæg lky dh mez esa gks x;k FkkA ml le; 'kknh ds fy, ;g
lgh mez ekuh tkrh Fkh A

Þiwjc esa tYnh fookg dj nsus dk pyu Hkh gSA iDdh ckr bruh gS fd ;g 'kknh
yxk;h uokc ds ukuk lkgc us FkhA ukuk lkgc ;kuh eqa'kh vtk;c yky ds u;s llqj
lkgcA ;g Hkh eqefdu gS fd ukuk lkgc us vius fdlh fe= dk Hkyk djus ds fopkj ls ;k
vU; fdlh dkj.k ls ;g lEcU/k LFkkfir fd;k gksA tks Hkh ckr jgh gks] ;g fookg cLrh
ftys dh esagnkoy rglhy esa cLrh 'kgj ls nl ehy nwj jeokiqj ljdkjh xk¡o ds ,d
NksVs&eksVs tehankj ds ?kj Bhd gqvkA^

çsepUn dk iwjk ifjokj bl fookg ls [kq'k Fkk vkSj lcls T;knk [kq'k Fks uokcA
vke ;qodksa dh Hkk¡fr muds ân; esa Hkh ,d lqUnj jktdqekjh dh pkg FkhA mRlkfgr uokc
us e.Mi ds fy, ck¡l Hkh Lo;a dkVsA uokc dk fookg cgqr gh /kwe/kke ls gqvkA u;h uosyh
nqYgu ?kj vk x;hA uokc us tSls gh viuh iRuh dk psgjk ns[kk] mudk [kwu lw[k x;kA
mUgsa ml psgjs ls uQjr gks x;h& ,d Vk¡x dqN ÞHkíh] FkqyFkqy] QwgM+A bruk gh ugha] muds
psgjs ij xgjs & xgjs nkx Fks vkSj NksVh Fkh ftlds dkj.k xjhc dks Hkpddj pyuk iM+rk
FkkA eghus esa ,dk/k ckj gcqvkrh Hkh t:j Fkh] tc mu ij Hkwr&çsr vkrs Fks A^^ ^^

çsepUn viuh bl iRuh ls dHkh çse u dj ik;sA muesa vkSj mudh iRuh esa dgha ls
dksbZ esy ugha FkkA og bl 'kknh dks fuHkkus ds fy, rS;kj u gks ldsA mudh iRuh ds
6
fy, ;g nq%[kn ?kVuk FkhA og dHkh yegh jgrh rks dHkh vius eSds pyh tkrhA çsepUn
muls dksbZ eryc ugha j[krs FksA blesa çsepUn dk dksbZ nks"k ugha FkkA nks"k Fkk rks ml
lkeUrh fookg çFkk dk ;k ftlus bl csesy fookg dh uhao MkyhA

igyh 'kknh dh ukdkeh ls çsepUn dks csgn nq%[k gqvkA mudk eu iqu% fookg djus
ls fgpd jgk FkkA pkph ds cgqr vkxzg djus ij os 'kknh dks rS;kj gks x;s] ijUrq mUgksaus ;g
fu'p; fd;k fd vc og tc Hkh fookg djsaxs rks fdlh fo/kok dU;k lsA muds ?kj okys ,slh
'kknh ¼fo/kok fookg½ dk leFkZu djus dks rS;kj u Fks] ijUrq çsepUn vius bl QSlys ij
vVy jgsA

Qrsgiqj ftyk ds eqa'kh nsoh çlkn us viuh cky fo/kok dU;k ds fookg dk bf'rgkj
v[kckj esa Niok;k Fkk] ftl ij çsepUn dh utj iM+ x;h vkSj mUgksaus rqjUr nsoh çlkn
dks [kr fy[kk vkSj yM+dh dh QksVks dh ek¡x dhA

eqa'kh nsoh çlkn viuh dU;k f'kojkuh dk fookg vusd lkekftd fojks/kksa ds ckotwn
djuk pkgrs FksA ml le; fdlh fo/kok dk fookg djuk vklku u Fkk A ;g fdlh cxkor
ls de u Fkk vkSj nsoh çlkn us ;g cxkor fd;kA ml le; yM+dh dh rLohj Hkstus dk
çpyu ugha Fkk] fQj Hkh nsoh çlkn us viuh dU;k f'kojkuh dh rLohj çsepUn ds ikl Hksth]
Þlh/kh&lknh] nqcyh& iryh] ,d nsgkrh yM+dh] cky fc[kjs gq,] ekFks ij gYdk&lk ?kw¡?kVA

çsepUn dks ,slh gh yM+dh dh t:jr Fkh] tks lh/kh&lknh vkSj ?kjsyw yM+dh gks] tks
gj eqlhcr esa mudk lkFk ns ldsA nsohçlkn us çsepUn ls feyus ds fy, mUgsa Qrsgiqj
cqyk;kA çsepUn Hkh nsohçlkn dks ilUn vk x;s vkSj fookg mlh le; r; gks x;kA

Þvkf[kj 1906 bZ0 ds Qkxqu ekg esa f'kojkf= ds jkst 'kknh gks x;hA uokc ds lkFk
ckjkr esa ,d muds NksVs HkkbZ egrkc dks NksM+dj vkSj dksbZ fj'rsnkj u Fkk] cl nks pkj
nksLr vkSj getksyh] ftuesa eqa'kh n;kukjk;.k [kkl FksA ^^

çsepUn vkSj f'kojkuh dks rhu lUrkusa gqbZa & Jhir jk;] ve`r jk; vkSj deykA
ve`r jk; Hkh ckn esa firk dh rjg lkfgR; & lk/kuk djus yxs A

7
ukSdjh ¼ vkthfodk ½ %
firk dh e`R;q ds ckn ifjokj dh ftEesnkjh çsepUn ij vk x;h] ftlesa mudh ek¡]
mudk ,d lky dk cPpk rFkk fot; cgknqj tks mudh lkSrsyh ek¡ ds NksVs HkkbZ Fks vkSj
cgu ds lkFk og muds llqjky esa jgrs FksA çsepUn us 5 #i;s ds ekfld osru ij ,d
odhy ds csVs dks i<+kuk 'kq# dj fn;kA bl NksVh&lh ixkj ls gh og viuk vkSj vius
ifjokj dk xqtkjk djus yxsA ,d ckj tkM+s ds fnu esa tc muds ikl iSls [kRe gks x;s Fks
vkSj dgha ls m/kkj Hkh ugha fey jgk Fkk rks mUgksaus viuh ,d fdrkc cspus dk QSlyk fd;k
vkSj og fdrkc ysdj ,d cqdlsyj ds ikl x;sA la;ksx ls ogk¡ ij pqukj ds ^fe'ku Ldwy^
ds gsMekLVj cSBs FksA mUgksaus çsepUn dks vius Ldwy esa ukSdjh ns nhA osru Fkk vëkjg #i;s
ekfldA

çsepUn pqukj vf/kd fnuksa rd fVd ugha ik;s] D;ksafd ogk¡ dk okrkoj.k mUgsa jkl
ugha vk;kA vaxzst vQlj ogk¡ [kqydj rk.Mo dj jgs FksA mudk i'kqor O;ogkj lhek ikj
dj pqdk Fkk] Þyksvj lkbal ls xqtjus okys xjhc xzkeh.k pqukfj;ksa dks ;s fjVk;MZ ;k flikgh
xksjs dkj.k&vdkj.k csrksa ls cqjh rjg flVksg fn;k djrs FksA vkSjrsa rks yksvj lkbal esa tkus
dh fgekdr gh ugha djrh FkhaA xjxks unh ikj ls 'kgj dks fofo/k oLrq cspus okyh vghfjuksa]
dksbfjuksa] pekfjuksa vkfn dks vDlj mUeÙk xksjs nkSM+k ysrs] jxM+&lxM+ nsrs Fks i'kqor jsiA

ljsvke gks jgs bl csbalkQh vkSj tqYe dks çsepUn cnkZ'r ugha dj ik;sA ,d ckj
tc Ldwy ds vf/kdkjh us ml Ldwy ds ekSyoh ds lkFk cnlywdh dj jgs Fks rks çsepUn us
bldk fojks/k fd;k vkSj ekSyoh lkgc dk [kqydj lg;ksx fn;kA ckr bruh c<+ x;h fd
ekSyoh ds lkFk&lkFk çsepUn dks Hkh Ldwy ls fudky fn;k x;kA

pqukj ds ^fe'ku Ldwy^ ls fudyus ds ckn çsepUn iqu% cukjl vk x;s vkSj u;s dke
dh ryk'k djus yxsA bl flyflys esa os Dohal dkyst ds fçafliy csdu lkgc ls feysA
çsepUn ds ckjs esa csdu dk [;ky cgqr vPNk FkkA og çsepUn dks HkyhHkk¡fr tkurs FksA vr%
mudh flQkfjl ij mUgsa 2 tqykbZ] 1900 bZ0 dks cgjkbp ds ftyk Ldwy esa ik¡posa ekLVj

8
ds in ij ukSdjh fey x;hA osru Fkk chl #i;k ekfld vkSj ;gha ls 'kq# gqvk çsepUn dh
ljdkjh ukSdjh dk flyflykA

cgjkbp Hkh çsepUn cgqr fnuksa rd ugha fVd lds vkSj <kbZ eghus ckn gh mudk
rcknyk çrkix<+ gks x;kA mUgksaus çrkix<+ ds ftyk Ldwy esa QlZ~V ,fM'kuy ekLVj dk
in 21 flrEcj dks l¡HkkykA ;gk¡ ij Hkh mudk osru ogh chl #i;k ekfld Fkk] tks muds
ifjokj ds Hkj.k&iks"k.k ds fy, dkQh u FksA vr% og ogk¡ ds Bkdqj lkgc ds nks yM+dksa dks
Vîw'ku i<+kus yxsA

çsepUn dk eu Fkk fd og viuk lkjk le; lkfgR; i<+us vkSj fy[kus esa fcrk;s] ij
blls ifjokj dh t:jrsa iwjh ugha gks ldrh FkhaA blfy, mUgksua s ekLVjh ds fy, Vªsfuax djus
dh lksph vkSj çrkix<+ esa jgus ds ckn nks lky dh Nqêh ysdj og bykgkckn pys x;s vkSj
6 tqykbZ] 1902 dks mUgksaus ogk¡ ds Vªsfuax dkyst dh çsisjsVjh Dykl esa ços'k ys fy;kA 1904
esa mUgksaus ;g Vªsfuax dh ijh{kk vOoy ntsZ esa ikl fd;kA

30 vçSy] 1904 dks çsepUn çrkix<+ okil vkdj ukSdjh djus yxs] ijUrq ukS eghus
ckn gh Vªfs uax dkyst ds fçafliy dsEILVj us eqa'kh th dks Vªfs uax dkyst ls yxs gq, ekMy
Ldwy dk ekLVj cuk fn;k vkSj eqa'kh th bykgkckn vk x;sA ek= rhu eghu og ogk¡ jgs]
fQj ebZ] 1905 dks mudk rcknyk dkuiqj gks x;kA ukSdjh ds lkFk&lkFk çsepUn ds fy[kus
dk flyflyk Hkh cjkcj xfr ls pyrk jgkA ^^ekLVjh mudh thfodk Fkh vkSj fy[kuk mudk
thouA thfodk tc ;g ugha Hkh jgh] rc Hkh thou viuh mlh /khj xEHkhj pky ls pyrk
jgk] D;ksafd ,dek= ogh mudh [kq'kh Fkh] mudk lq[k] mudk lUrks"k] mudh lkFkZdrkA ^^

dkuiqj esa gh çsepUn dh eqykdkr ^tekuk^ ds eqa'kh n;kukjk;.k fuxe ls gqbZ vkSj
bl if=dk esa mudh cgqr&lh dgkfu;k¡ vkSj vkykspuk,¡ NihaA 1909 esa Ldwyksa ds lgk;d
fujh{kd ds :i esa mudh inksUufr gks x;h] ijUrq rHkh mudh rUnq#Lrh dks tcjnLr >Vdk
yxkA mUgsa isfp'k dh f'kdk;r gks x;h] ftlds dkj.k Ldwyksa ds fujh{k.k esa mUgsa rdyhQ
gksrh FkhA [kjkc lsgr ls Fkddj og 1915 esa cLrh vk x;s vkSj ogk¡ iqu% v/;kid ds in

9
ij fu;qä gks x;sA blh Øe esa mudk rcknyk egksck vkSj xksj[kiqj Hkh gqvkA cLrh esa Jh
eUuu f}osnh vkSj xksj[kiqj esa egkohj çlkn iksíkj ds lEidZ esa vkus ds ckn çsepUn
dk >qdko fgUnh lkfgR; dh vksj c<+ x;kA vkjfEHkd fnuksa esa og igys mnwZ esa fy[krs vkSj
fQj mldk fgUnh esa vuqokn dj nsrs FksA

çsepUn ij xka/kh th ds fopkjksa dk cgqr xgjk çHkko FkkA 1920 esa ^vlg;ksx vkUnksyu^
ds lEcU/k esa xka/kh th us xksj[kiqj dk nkSjk fd;kA xkth fe;k¡ ds eSnku esa mudk Hkk"k.k
gqvkA çsepUn us Hkh mudk Hkk"k.k lqukA çsepUn ij xka/kh th ds Hkk"k.k dk bruk çHkko iM+k
fd mUgksaus ukSdjh ls bLrhQk ns fn;kA

Þog Qjojh 1921 dh 15 rkjh[k Fkh] 16 rkjh[k ls mUgksaus vius dks dk;Zeqä dj
fn;kA bl rjg ls chl & bDdhl lky dh ljdkjh xqykeh dk vUr gks x;kA

ljdkjh ukSdjh ls bLrhQk nsus ds ckn çsepUn ds lkeus thfodksiktZu dh leL;k

vk;hA bl leL;k dks nwj djus ds fy, mUgksaus xksj[kiqj esa gh egkohj iksíkj ds lkFk feydj
pj[kksa vkSj dj?kksa dk dke 'kq# dj fn;kA dqN fnuksa ds ckn og x.ks'k 'kadj fo|kFkhZ ds
lg;ksx ls dkuiqj ds ekjokM+h Ldwy esa gsMekLVj gks x;s A fdUrq os ogk¡ ij Hkh vf/kd fnuksa
rd ugha fVd ldsA 22 Qjojh] 1922 dks mUgksaus ogk¡ ls bLrhQk ns fn;k vkSj cukjl vk
x;sA ogk¡ ij os Jh lEiw.kkZuUn ¼tks ^vlg;ksx vkUnksyu^ ds dkj.k tsy tk pqds Fks½] ds
LFkku ij ^e;kZnk^ if=dk dk Ms<+ o"kZ rd lEiknu fd;kA ^e;kZnk^ ls gVus ds ckn os 125
#i;s ekfld osru ij dk'kh fo|kihB esa ukSdjh djus yxs] ijUrq ;gk¡ ij Hkh os ek= ,d
o"kZ jg ik;s vkSj rnqijkUr mUgksaus ukSdjh NksM+ nh vkSj yegh vkdj ys[ku& dk;Z esa x;s A

10
v/;k; f}rh; xksnku
xksnku %
çsepUn us fgUnh dFkklkfgR; HkaMkj dks iq"V fd;k gSA iap ijes'oj mudh igyh
dgkuh gSA ;g 1905 bZ- esa çdkf'kr gqbZA mUgksaus yxHkx 300 dgkfu;k¡ fy[kh gSaA ^ekuljksoj^
uke ls pkj [kaMksa esa budk çdk'ku gqvk gSA lok lsj xsgw¡] nks cSyksa dh dFkk] cfynku] dQu]
eqfäekxZ] iwl dh jkr] mudh Js"B dgkfu;ksa esa gSA mudk çFke miU;kl ^lsok lnu^ lu~
1916 bZ- esa çdkf'kr gqvk A muds vU; miU;kl gSa çsekJe] fueZyk] jaxHkwfe] dk;kdYi] xcu]
deZHkwfe] xksnkuA

lu~ 1903 bZ- esa çsepUn us ,d ys[k esa fy[kk Fkk & ,slk cgqr de la;ksx gqvk gS fd
,d 'kkafr çseh fdlku ds jkstkuk gkykr foLrkj ds lkFk fy[ks gq, fey ldrs gksa ;k muesa
fdLlksa dh &lh fnypLih vkSj vtc & vuks[kh ckrsa ikbZ tkrh gksa A

bl bPNk dks mUgksaus gksjh&/kfu;k dks uk;d&ukf;dk cukdj ^xksnku^ miU;kl

fy[kdj iwjk fd;kA blesa rRdkyhu jktuhfrd] lkekftd] /kkfeZd vkSj lkaL—frd ifjos'k
dk ifjp; fey tkrk gS rFkk xk¡o esa ljy] lnkpkjh] HkkX;oknh turk dSls xk¡o ds eqf[k;k]
egktu] iqjksfgr vkSj tehankj fey&ekfyd fdlkuksa dk gj çdkj ls 'kks"k.k djds mudks
ftUnxh dk tqvk <ksus dks foo'k dj nsrs gSa A jlghu thou esa muds lius dks lkdkj gksus
dk ekSdk ugha feyrkA xksnku esa çsepUn us xk¡o dh nfjærk] Hkq[kejh] /kekaZ/krk ljy fo'okl
vkfn dk ckjhdh ls fp=.k fd;k gS A

dFkklkj %
vo/k çkar esa ikap fey ds Qklys ij nks xk¡o gSa % lsejh vkSj csykjhA gksjh csykjh esa
jgrk gS vkSj jk; lkgc vej iky flag lsejh esa jgrs gSaA [kUuk] ekyrh vkSj M‚- esgrk
y[kuÅ esa jgrs gSaA

11
 xksnku dk vkjEHk xzkeh.k ifjos'k ls gksrk gSA /kfu;k ds euk djus ij Hkh gksjh
jk;lkgc ls feyus csykjh ls lsejh tkrk gSA mls yxrk gS fd jk;lkgc ls feyrs jgus ls
dqN lkekftd e;kZnk c<+ tkrh gS A og dgrk gS] ^^;g blh feyrs&tqyrs jgus dk ijlkn
gS fd vc rc tku cph gqbZ gSAß og le>rk gS fd buds ik¡oksa rys viuh xnZu nch gqbZ
gSA blfy, mu ik¡oksa ds lgykus esa gh dq'ky gSA

jkLrs esa mls iM+ksl ds xk¡o dk Xokyk Hkksyk feyrk gSA mldh xk;ksa dks ns[kdj gksjh
ds eu esa ,d xk; j[kus dh ykylk mRiUu gksrh gSA og fo/kqj Hkksyk ds eu esa fQj ls
lxkbZ djk nsus dk ykyp nsrk gSA Hkksyk mls vLlh #i;s dh xk; m/kkj ij ys tkus dk
vkxzg djrk gS vkSj vius ikl Hkwls dh deh dh ckr djrk gSA gksjh vHkko esa iM+s vkneh ls
xk; ys ysus dks mfpr u ekudj fQj ys ywaxkA dgdj xk; ysus ls euk dj nsrk gS] ij
Hkwlk nsus dk ok;nk dj lsejh esa igq¡prk gSA

jk;lkgc viuh vlqfo/kkvksa dks crk dj pkgrs gSa fd VSDl dh olwyh esa gksjh mudh
lgk;rk djsA gksjh mudh ckrksa esa vk tkrk gSA bl le; ,d vkneh vkdj jk; lkgc dks
crkrk gS fd etnwj csxkj djus ls euk dj jgs gSaA ;g lqudj jk; lkgc vkx ccwyk gks
tkrs gSa vkSj mUgsa gaVj ls Bhd djus dh dg mBdj pys tkrs gSaA

?kj ij igq¡dj gksjh jk;lkgc Hkh rkjhQ djrk gS rks csVk xkscj mUgsa ^jaxk fl;kj^
dgdj muls viuh uQjr tkfgj djrk gSA gksjh crkrk gS fd mlus Hkksyk dks Hkwlk nsus dk
opu fn;k gSA ;g lqudj xkscj vkSj /kfu;k ml ij fcxM+rs gSaA gksjh tc crkrk gS fd
Hkksyk /kfu;k dh ç'kalk dj jgk Fkk] rc /kfu;k dqN uje iM+ tkrh gSA Hkksyk Hkwlk ysus vkrk
gSA /kfu;k rhu [kksaps Hkwlk Hkjokdj ifr vkSj csVs dks mlds ?kj rd Hkwlk igq¡pkus dks dgrh
gSA

Hkksyk ds ?kj ij mldh fo/kok csVh >qfu;k gSA mlls xkscj dh eqykdkr gksrh gSA
nksuksa ijLij ds çfr vkdf"kZr gks tkrs gSaA Hkksyk gksjh ls nwljs fnu xk; ys ysus dks dgrk
gSA

nwljs fnu xkscj Hkksyk ds ?kj ls xk; ykrk gSA >qfu;k mls NksM+us csykjh ds fudV
12
rd vkrh gSA fQj feyus dk ok;nk djds ykSV tkrh gSA

xk; ds vkrs gh gksjh ds ?kj esa vkuUn dh ygj meM+rh gSA xk; dk HkO; Lokxr
fd;k tkrk gSA xk; ds fy, vk¡xu esa uk¡n xkM+h tkrh gSA xk¡ookys vkdj xk; ds y{k.k Hkh
vkSj gksjh dh [kq'kfdLerh dh rkjhQ djrs gSaA dsoy vyX;ks>k gks x, mlds nks HkkbZ ghjk
vkSj 'kksHkk ugha vkrsA blls gksjk dks cM+k nq%[k gksrk gSA og tc ghjk dks cqykus tkrk gS rks
lqurk gS fd ghjk 'kksHkk ds lkeus gksjh dh fuank dj jgk FkkA gksjh /kfu;k dks ;g crkrk gSA
/kfu;k ;g lqudj mlls >xM+rh gSA
lsejh esa jk; lkgc ds ?kj ij mRlo gSA mlesa /kuq"k;K ukVd esa gksjh tud ds
ekyh dk vfHku; djrk gSA mRlo ds fy, gksjh dks ikap #i;s utjkuk nsuk gSA jk; lkgc
ds esgekuksa esa xk¡o vkSj 'kgj ds yksx gSaA 'kgj ds esgeku gSa & fctyh i= ds laiknd ia -
vksadkjukFk] odhy rFkk nyky fe- ra[kk] n'kZu'kkL= ds çksQslj M‚- esgrk] fey ekfyd fe-
[kUuk] mudh /keZiRuh dkfeuh ¼xksfoUnh½] MkDVj fel ekyrh vkSj fetkZ [kq'khZnA

ogk¡ ckrphr esa jk;lkgc tehankjh çFkk ds 'kks"k.k dh fuank djrs gSaA M‚- esgrk vkSj
jk;lkgc dh dFkuh vkSj djuh ds varj ds çfr O;aX; djrs gSaA Hkkstu ds le; ekal&efnjk
dk LFkku NksM+dj vksadkjukFk vyx ls Qykgkj djuk pkgrs gSaA ij fel ekyrh viuh ckrksa
ls vksadkjukFk dks Hkqykos esa Mkydj 'kjkc fiyok nsrh gS vkSj ok;ns ds eqrkfcd ,d gtkj
#i;s buke ysrh gSA mlh le; iBku ds os'k esa M‚- esgrk vkdj #i;s ekaxrs gSa vkSj /kedh
nsrs gSa fd #i;s u feys rks os xksyh pyk nsaxsA var esa gksjh ogk¡ ços'k djds iBku dks fxjkdj
mldh ew¡Nsa m[kkM+ ysrk gS A iBku ds os'k esa vk, esgrk dh ukVdckth ogha [kre gks tkrh
gSA

mlh le; lc f'kdkj [ksyus tkus dk dk;ZØe cukrs gSaA rhu Vksfy;k¡ curh gSaA
igyh Vksyh esa esgrk vkSj ekyrh tkrs gSaA ekyrh esgrk ds çfr vkdf"kZr gS] ij esgrk dks
bl vksj dksbZ vkd"kZ.k ugha gSA esgrk dks f'kdkj dh fpfM+;k ikuh ls ykdj ,d taxyh
yM+dh nsrh gS vkSj nksuksa dks vius ?kj rd ys tkdj e/kqj O;ogkj ls [kq'k dj nsrh gSA
blls ekyrh bZ";kZ djrh gS rks og esgrk dh utj esa fxj tkrh gS A nwljh Vksyh ds jk;lkgc
13
vkSj [kUuk ds chp fey ds 'ks;j ds ckjs esa ckrphr gksrh gSA jk;lkgc 'ks;j [kjhnus dh
ckr Vky nsrs gSaA rhljh Vksyh esa ra[kk vkSj fetkZ gSaA fetkZ ,d fgju dk f'kdkj djrs gSaA
fgju dks ,d xzkeh.k ;qod dks nsrs gSaA lc feydj ml ;qod ds xk¡o esa tkrs gSa A [kk&ihdj
[kq'kh ls lkjk fnu ogk¡ fcrkdj 'kke dks ykSV vkrs gSaA

gksjh ds ?kj ij xk; vk tkus ls lc [kq'k FksA brus esa jk;lkgc dk dkfjank dgrk gS
fd uks[ksjke ckdh yxku u pqdkus okys [ksr esa gy ugha tksr ldsaxsA gksjh iSls dk bartke
djus ds fy, lkgwdkj >haxqjhflag ds ikl igq¡prk gSA >haxqjh flag dh vk¡[k xk; ij FkhA
mlus xk; ys ysus dk pDdj pyk;k vkSj dtZ u ysdj ykpkj gksdj xk; cspdj yxku
pqdkus ds fy, og jkth gks tkrk gS vkSj /kfu;k dks Hkh jkth dj ysrk gSA jkr dks ?kj ds
Hkhrj mel gksus ds dkj.k og xk; dks ckgj ykdj cka/krk gS vkSj chekj 'kksHkk dks ns[kdj
ykSVrs le; xk; ds ikl ghjk dks ns[kdj fBBd tkrk gSA mlh jkr dks fo"k fn, tkus ls
xk; ej tkrh gS rks gksjh /kfu;k dks ghjk ij 'kd gksus dh ckr crk nsrk gS rks /kfu;k ghjk
dks xkfy;k¡ nsrh gS vkSj lkjs xk¡o esa dksgjke epk nsrh gSA gksjh HkkbZ dks cpkus ds fy, lp
dks fNikdj xkscj dh >wBh dle [kk ysrk gSA tk¡p iM+rky djus njksxk xk¡o esa vkrk gSA
xk¡o ds eqf[k;k yksx bl foifÙk dk Qk;nk mBkus ds fy, ghjk ij tqekZuk yxkrs gSa A dqdhZ
ls cpus rFkk ifjokj dh bTtr cpkus gksjh f>axqjh flag ls dtZ ysdj fj'or ds iSls ykrk
gS] ij /kfu;k ds dkj.k og nkjksxk dks fey ugha ikrkA nkjksxk eqf[k;k yksxksa ds ?kj dh
ryk'kh ysus dh /kedh nsdj muls Hkh fj'or ds iSls clwy djds pyk tkrk gSA

xksgR;k djds iki ds Mj ls ghjk ?kj ls Hkkx tkrk gSA gksjh ghjk dh iRuh iqfu;k
dk [ksr laHkkyrk gS A chp esa ,d eghus rd chekj Hkh iM+ tkrk gSA

,d jkr gksjh dM+drh lnhZ esa [ksr dh j[kokyh dj jgk Fkk fd /kfu;k ogk¡ igq¡p
tkrh gS vkSj crkrh gS fd ikap eghus dk xHkZ ysdj >qfu;k ?kj esa vk xbZ gSA gksjh igys
mls fudky nsus dh ckr rks djrk gS] ckn esa /kfu;k ds le>kus ij mls vius ?kj esa jgus
dk vk'oklu nsrk gSA vc fQj ls iapk;r dks gksjh dk xyk nckus dk ekSdk fey tkrk gSA
>qfu;k ds ,d yM+dk gksrk gSA fcjknjh esa ,sls iki ds fy, xk¡o dh iapk;r gksjh ij lkS

14
#i, udn vkSj rhl eu vukt dk Mk¡M yxkrh gSA /kfu;k iapk;r ij cgqr QqQdkjrh gSA
ij gksjh f>axqjh flag ds ikl edku jsgu ij j[kdj vLlh #i;s ykrk gS vkSj Mk¡M pqdkrk
gSA

xkscj & >qfu;k dks pqids ls vius ?kj esa NksM+dj yksdyTtk ds Hk; ls y[kuÅ 'kgj
Hkkx tkrk gSA og fetkZ [kq'khZn ds ;gk¡ eghus ds iaæg #i;s osru ij ukSdjh djrk gSA
mudh nh dksBjh esa jgrk gSA
Mk¡M esa lkjk vukt ns nsus ds ckn gksjh ds ikl dqN ugha cprkA blh le; iqfu;k
mldh lgk;rk djrh gSA o"kkZ ds vHkko ls mldh bZ[k lw[k tkrh gSA Hkksyk xk; ds #i;s
ysuk pkgrk gSA gksjh #i;s ns ugha ikrk A Hkksyk gksjh ds cSy [kksydj ys tkrk gSA xk¡ookys
bldk fojks/k djrs gSa] ij /keZ ds Hk; ls e;kZnkoknh vkSj bZekunkj gksjh foo'k gksdj bldh
vuqefr ns nsrk gSA

ekyrh jktuhfrd vkSj lkekftd dk;ksaZ esa O;Lr jgus okyh efgyk gSA mlds çR;Ru
ls esgrk ohesUl yhx esa Hkk"k.k nsus ds nkSjku efgykvksa dks leku vf/kdkj dh ekax NksM+dj
R;kx] {kek viukus dk lq>ko nsrs gSa] tks x`gLFk thou ds fy, fugk;r t:jh gSA

ekyrh esgrk ls lger gksrh gSA og esgrk dks vius ?kj ij [kkus cqykrh gSA mlh
le; esgrk vkjksi yxkrs gSa fd mlh ds dkj.k fe- [kUuk] felst [kUuk ls vPNk crkZo ugha
djrsA ;g lqudj ekyrh fcxM+ tkrh gS vkSj vius ?kj pyh tkrh gSA

jk;lkgc dks irk py tkrk gS fd gksjh ls olwy fd, x, Mk¡M ds lkjs ds lkjs iSls
xk¡o ds eqf[k;k yksx [kk x,A os uks[ksjke ls #i;s nsus dks dgrs gSa rks pkjksa egktu ^fctyh^
ds laiknd vksadkjukFk dks lwpuk ns nsrs gSa fd jk;lkgc vklkfe;ksa ls tqekZuk olwy djrs
gSaA vksadkjukFk jk;lkgc dks crkrs gSa fd os viuh if=dk esa ,slh luluh[kst [kcj Nkius
tk jgs gSaA jk;lkgc lkS xzkgdksa dk pank fj'or ds :i esa Hkjdj fdlh rjg bls Nkius ls
jksd ysrs gSaA

15
 tc xk¡o esa cqokbZ 'kq: gks tkrh gS rc gksjh ds ikl cSy ugha gSaA gksjh dh ykpkjh dk
Qk;nk mBkdj nkrknhu gksjh ls lk>s esa cqokbZ djus dk çLrko nsdj gksjh dks etnwj ds
Lrj rd ys tkrk gSA

m/kj nkrknhu dk csVk ekrknhu >qfu;k dks çse & ik'k esa Q¡lkus ds fy, ç;kl djrk
gSA ysfdu chp esa lksuk igq¡p tkus ls ekeyk xM+cM+ gksus ls cp tkrk gSA

gksjh bZ[k cspus tkrk gS rks fey ekfyd ls feydj egktu lkjk #i;k dtZ ds fy,
olwy dj ysrs gSaA
fe- [kUuk vkSj mldh iRuh xksfoanh ds LoHkko esa vkdk'k ikrky dk varj gSA xksfoanh
lknk thou ilUn djrh gS rks fe- [kUuk foykle; thouA ,d ckj ifr&iRuh esa csVs ds
bykt ds fy, fHkUu&fHkUu MkDVjksa dks cqykus ds erkarj ij >xM+k gks tkrk gSA Øks/k ls
xksfoanh ikdZ esa pyh tkrh gSA ogha mldh eqykdkr esgrk ls gksrh gSA esgrk mldh ç'kalk
dj ds mls le>kcq>k dj ?kj ykSVk ykrs gSaA gksjh nkrknhu dh etwjh djus yxrk gSA

gksjh nkrknhu dh etnwjh djus yxrk gSA Å[k dkVrs le; dM+h esgur djus ds
dkj.k og csgks'k gks tkrk gSA m/kj xkscj vc ukSdjh NksM+dj [khapk yxkus ds dke esa yx
tkrk gSA mlds ikl nks iSls gks tkrs gSaA og ,d fnu xk¡o esa igq¡prk gSA og lHkh ds fy,
lkeku ykrk gSA xk¡o esa xkscj egktuksa dh cM+h csbTtrh djrk gSA gksyh ds volj ij xk¡o
ds eqf[k;k yksxksa dh udy djds vfHku; fd;k tkrk gSA QyLo:i xkscj lHkh egktuksa ds
Øks/k dk f'kdkj cu tkrk gSA taxh dks 'kgj esa ukSdjh djkus dk yksHk fn[kkdj mls çHkkfor
dj nsrs gSaA og Hkksyk dks euk dj mlls vius cSy ys vkrk gSA nkrknhu dks rhl #i;s
m/kkj ds fy, lÙkj #i;s nsuk pkgrk gSA uks[ksjke dks yxku olwy djds jlhn u nsus ij
mls vnkyr dh /kedh nsrk gS A >qfu;k dks Qqlykdj 'kgj tkrs le; ek¡ ls >xM+k gks
tkrk gSA ek¡ ds ikao esa flj u >qdkdj fcydqy míaM vkSj LokFkhZ cudj ckycPpksa dks ysdj
'kgj pyk tkrk gSA

jk; lkgc dh dbZ leL;k,¡ FkhaA mudks dU;k dk fookg djuk Fkk] vnkyr esa ,d
eqdnek djuk Fkk vkSj flj ij pquko Hkh FksA dqaoj fnfXot; flag ds lkFk 'kknh r; gqbZ
16
FkhA jktk lkgc ds lkFk pquko yM+uk FkkA iSlksa dh deh Fkh blhfy, os ra[kk ds ikl m/kkj
ekaxus ds fy, tkrs gSaA os euk djrs gSa rks os [kUuk ds ikl tkrs gSaA [kUuk igys vkukdkuh
djds ckn esa deh'ku ysdj iSlksa dk bartke dj ldus dh ckr crkrs gSaA ckrphr ds nkSjku
esgrk efgykvksa dh O;k;ke'kkyk ds fy, pank ekaxus igq¡prs gSaA [kUuk dqN nsus ls euk djrs
gSaA xksfoanh dks Hkh O;k;ke'kkyk dh uhao j[kus ds fy, euk djrs gSaA jk;lkgc ikap gtkj
fy[k nsrs gSaA fQj ekyrh igq¡prh gS rks [kUuk ls ,d gtkj dk pkSd fy[kok ysrh gSA
ekrknhu dh j[kSy flfy;k vukt ds <sj ls dksbZ lsj Hkj vukt nqykjh lgqvkbu dks
ns nsrh gS rks ekrknhu mls f/kDdkjrk gSA fudy tkus dks dgrk gS A flfy;k nq%[kh gksrh
gSA flfy;k ds cki gj[kw ds dgus ij mlds lkFkh ekrknhu ds eq¡g ij gìh Mkydj mls
tkfrHkz"V dj nsrs gSaA /kfu;k flfy;k dks vius ?kj ij j[k ysrh gSA flfy;k etnwjh djds
xqtjclj djrh gSA lksuk l=g lky dh gks xbZ FkhA mlds fookg ds fy, iSlksa dh t:jr
FkhA lksuk dks ekywe gqvk fd firk fookg ds fy, nqykjh ls nks lkS #i;s yk,¡xs A lksuk
flfy;k dks Hkkoh ifr eFkqjk ds ikl Hkstrh gSA llqjkyokys fcuk ngst ds cgw ysus dks rS;kj
gks x, A ysfdu /kfu;k viuh e;kZnk cpkus ds fy, ngst nsuk pkgrh gSA

Hkksyk ,d toku fo/kok uksgjh ls fookg djrk gSA uksgjh ds lkFk cgqvksa ls ugha iVrhA
iq= dkeuk Hkksyk dks ?kj ls Hkxk nsrh gSA uks[ksjke uksgjh dh ykylk ls Hkksyk dks ukSdj j[k
ysrk gSA uksgjh xk¡o dh jkuh dh tkrh dk gSA ykyk iVs'ojh lkgwdkj eax: 'kkg dks
HkM+dkdj gksjh dh lkjh bZ[k uhyke dj nsrk gSA blls mxkgh dh mEehn u gksus ls nqykjh
gksjh dks 'kknh ds fy, nks lkS #i;s ugha nsrh gSA brus esa lgkuqHkwfr fn[kkdj uksgjh gksjh dks
nks lkS #i;s nsdj viuh n;k'khyrk dk ifjp; nsrh gSA

'kgj esa ifjokj ykdj xkscj ns[krk gS fd tgk¡ og [kksapk yxkrk Fkk] ogha nwljk cSBus
yxk gSA mldks dkjksckj esa ?kkVk gqvk rks og fey esa ukSdjh dj ysrk gSA >qfu;k dks xkscj
dh dkeqdrk ilan ugha vkrhA xkscj dk csVk ej tkrk gSA >qfu;k xHkZorh gSA xkscj u'kk
djus yxk gSA >qfu;k dks ihVrk gS] xkfy;k¡ nsrk gSA pqfg;k dh lgk;rk ls >qfu;k ,d csVs
dks tUe nsrh gSA fey esa >xM+k gks tkus ls xkscj ?kk;y gks tkrk gSA fey xkscj dh lsok
djus ds nkSjku ifr iRuh esa fQj laca/k LokHkkfod gks tkrk gSA
17
 ekrknhu uksgjh ds çfr fQj ls vkdf"kZr gksrk gS A og flfy;k ds fy, NksVh dks nks
#i;s nsrk gSA #i;s ikdj flfy;k [kq'k gksrh gS A ;g lekpkj nsus lksuk ds llqjky igq¡prh
gSA eFkqjk uksgjh ls çse&fuosnu djrk gS A nksuksa ikl&ikl vk tkrs gSa rks lksuk dh vkokt
ls ihNs gV tkrs gSaA lksuk flfy;k dks cgqr QVdkjrh gSA
fey esa vkx yx xbZ FkhA fey esa u, etnwj Bhd ls dke ugha dj ik jgs Fks A
blfy, iqjkus etnwj ys fy, tkrs gSa A [kUuk & xksfoanh dk eueqVko feV tkrk gS A esgrk
ls çsfjr gksdj ekyrh lsok & ozr esa yxh jgrh gSA ,d fnu esgrk vkSj ekyrh gksjh ds xk¡o
esa igq¡pdj yksxksa ls feyrs gSa A lgk;rk djrs gSaA jk; lkgc dh yM+dh dh 'kknh gks tkrh
gSA eqdnes vkSj pquko esa Hkh thr gksrh gSA os yksx gkse esacj Hkh cu tkrs gSa A jktk lkgc
jk;lkgc ds iq= #æçrki ls viuh csVh ds fookg dk çLrko Hkstrs gSa ij #æçrki ekyrh
dh cgu ljkst ls fookg djds baXySaM pyk tkrk gS A fQj jk;lkgc dh csVh vkSj nkekn
esa fookg foPNsn gks tkrk gSA ekyrh ns[krh gS fd nwljksa dh lsok djus ds dkj.k Å¡ph osru
ds ckotwn mu ij dtZ gSA dqdhZ Hkh vkbZ gS A rc ekyrh esgrk dks vius ?kj ij ys vkrh
gSA mudh lgk;rk djrh gSA ekyrh xkscj dks ekyh j[k ysrh gSA mlds csVs dh fpfdRlk
vkSj lsok Hkh djrh gSA ekyrh esgrk ls fookg djuk vLohdkj djds fe= cudj jgus dks
ilan djrh gSA

ekrknhu flfy;k ds ckyd dks I;kj djrk gSA og fueksfu;k esa ej tkrk gSA ekrknhu
flfy;k ds çfr vkdf"kZr gksrk gSA lkjk tkfr&ca/ku rksM+dj mlds lkFk jgrk gS A

gksjh dh vkfFkZd n'kk fnuksafnu fxjrh tkrh gSA rhu lky rd yxku u pqdkus ls
uks[ksjke csn[kyh dk nkok djrk gSA ekrknhu gksjh dks lq>ko nsrk gS fd v/ksM+ jkelsod
esgrk ls :ik dh 'kknh djds cnys esa dqN #i, ys ysa vkSj [ksrh djs A gksjh ;g lqudj
cM+k nq%[kh gksrk gSA ij var esa gksjh vkSj /kfu;k jkth gks tkrs gSaA xkscj dks 'kknh esa vkus
dh [kcj nh tkrh gSA xkscj >qfu;k dks ysdj xk¡o esa igq¡prk gSA :ik dh 'kknh gksrh gSA
ekyrh Hkh 'kknh esa 'kjhd gksrh gSA xkscj xk¡o esa >qfu;k dks NksM+dj y[kuÅ pyk tkrk gS A

18
 :ik llqjky esa le`f) ns[kdj firk dh xk; dh ykylk dh ckr lkspdj nq%[kh gksrh
gSA eSds tkrs le; og ,d xk; ys tkus dh ckr lksprh gSA gksjh iksrs eaxy ds fy, xk;
ysuk pkgrk FkkA blfy, og dadM+ [kksnus dh etnwjh djrk gSA jkr dks cSBdj /kfu;k ds
lkFk lqryh dkrrk gSA ,d fnu ghjk vkdj igq¡prk gS vkSj gksjh ls ekQh ekaxrk gSA gksjh
[kq'k gks tkrk gSA gksjh dadM+ [kksnrs le; nksigj dh Nqêh ds le; ysV tkrk gSA mldks
dS gksrh gSA mls yw yx tkrh gSA

/kfu;k Hkkx dj vkrh gSA lc bdës gks tkrs gSaA 'kksHkk vkSj ghjk gksjh dks ?kj ij ys
x,A gksjh dh tcku can gks xbZA /kfu;k ?kjsyw mipkj djrh gSA lc csd kj tkrk gS A ghjk
xks&nku djus dks dgrk gSA nwljs yksx Hkh ;gh dgrs gSaA /kfu;k lqryh cspdj j[ks chl
vkus iSls ifr ds BaMs gkFk esa j[kdj czkã.k nkrknhu ls cksyrh gS & egkjkt ?kj esa u xk;
gS u cfN;k] u iSlkA ;gh budk xksnku gSA

Hkkjrh; fdlkuksa dh fLFkfr %

^xksnku^ miU;kl esa csykjh xk¡o ds fdlku gksjh ds thou la?k"kZ dk fp=.k Hkkjrh;
fdlku ds la?k"kZ dks mtkxj djrk gS A gksjh dh leL;k,¡ çR;sd Hkkjrh; fdlku dh leL;k,¡
gSaA blesa —"kd & thou ds va/kdkj i{k ;kuh dsoy d#.k & xkFkk dk fp=.k feyrk gSA
okLro esa vkfFkZd foiUurk vf'k{kk vkSj _.k dk cks> feydj fdlku dh jh<+ dh gìh rksM+
nsrs gSaA os nksuksa leL;k,¡ jk{klh lqjlk dh rjg eq¡g QSyk, Hkkjrh; fdlku dks fuxy jgh
gSaA

xksnku 1936 bZ dh jpuk gSA blesa rRdkyhu le; ds xzkE; thou dh >k¡dh çLrqr
dh xbZ gSA gksjh lkearokn vkSj iw¡thokn ds 'kks"k.k ds pØ esa Qalrk gqvk Hkh mlls fudyus
ds fy, la?k"kZ djrk gSA NViVkrk gSA var esa VwV tkrk gS vkSj dky ds xky esa lek tkrk
gSA /kfu;k iap vkSj fojknjh ds vU;k; ls lkgliw.kZ la?k"kZ djrh gSA csVk xkscj vf'k{kk]
vKkurk vkSj /kekaZ/krk dk fojks/k djrk gSA lkgwdkj ds Ny dks igpkurk gSA mldk foæksgh
rsoj fdlku ds tkxj.k dh psruk çnku djrk gS vkSj vk'kk lapkj djrk gS fd fdlku dk

19
Hkfo"; eaxye; vkSj lq[kdj gksxkA ys[kd Hkh lerkewyd lektokn dh çfr"Bk dh vk'kk
djrk gSA
gksjh vkSj /kfu;k ds lkeus tehankj] lkgwdkj] iVokjh] nkjksxk] fey&ekfyd] iap]
fojknjh dh ,d çcy 'k=q&lsuk [kM+h gS vkSj os lkgliwoZd mlls yksgk ysrs gSa A gksjh ej
feV tkrk gS] ij le>kSrk ugha djrkA

xksnku esa çsepUn dk vkn'kZoknh –f"Vdks.k vkdj ;FkkFkZoknh cu x;k gSA neu vkSj
mRihM+u ds ;q) esa 'kks"k.k dk pØ dSls jk"Vªh; fodkl esa ck/kk igq¡pkrk gS mls fdlku dh
n;uh; fLFkfr ds ek/;e ls çLrqr fd;k x;k gSA lHkh 'kks"k.k pkgs og tehankj dk gks ;k
lkgwdkj] fey& ekfyd gks ;k /keZ & /otk/kkjh iqjksfgr] viuk HkkbZ gks ;k fcjknjh lHkh
volj dh rkd esa jgdj fdlkuksa dk 'kks"k.k djrs gSa A os fdlku ds ilhus dh dekbZ ls
fgLlk ysdj pkSu dh ftUnxh fcrkrs vkSj lekt esa viuh /kkd tekuk pkgrs gSaA

xk¡o dk tehankj fdlkuksa dks yxku u pqdkus dh fLFkfr esa [ksr ls csn[ky dj nsrs
gSa A tehankj viuk dksbZ mRlo eukrs le; yksxksa ls csxkj djokrs gSa A 'kgj ds fey&ekfyd
lkgwdkj ls "kM;a= djds fdlkuksa dk lkjk xUuk ys ysrs gSa vkSj muds liuksa dks pdukpwj
dj nsrs gSaA

xk¡o esa fdlku vkfFkZd vHkko dh pDdh esa fil tkrs gSaA os çk;% vf'kf{kr gSaA blfy,
va/kfo'okl ls eqä ugha gks ikrsA viuh xjhch dks iwoZtUe ds deksaZ dk ifj.kke vkSj tehankjksa
dh /kuk<îrk dks iwoZtUe dk iq.; ekudj larq"V jguk fdlkuksa dh fu;fr cu tkrh gSA
iqjksfgr oxZ] czkã.k oxZ mudks vfHk'kki ns ldrs gSaA çfrdkj ds fy, /kkfeZd fo/kku djuk
vko';d gS & ,sls fopkj j[kusokys fdlku 'kks"k.kra= ls eqä ugha gks ldrsA

xk¡o esa la;qä ifjokj VwV tkrs gSaA HkkbZ&HkkbZ ij lansg djrk gSA viuk mYyw lh/kk
djuk pkgrk gSA bZ";kZ djds HkkbZ loZuk'k Hkh djrk gSA xk¡o esa yM+kbZ & >xM+k vke ckr
gSA gksjh /kfu;k dks] ghjk & iqfu;k dks] dkerk & Hkksyk dks] eFkqjk dk cki eFkqjk dks] xkscj&
>qfu;k dks ihVrs gSaA iq#"k dk ukjh dks ekjuk ihVuk vkSj ukjh dk mls lg tkuk vkSj

20
iq#"k & ç/kku lekt esa viuh vkokt u mBk ikuk ml le; ds lekt dk ,d uXu fp=
gSA

lekt esa çfrf"Br mPp oxZ ds yksx vU;k; djrs gSa] nqjkpkj djrs gSaA ysfdu ,slk
dk;Z dksbZ xjhc ;k fuEu oxZ dk vkneh djrk gS] rks xk¡o Hkj esa Hkwdai gks tkrk gSA ekrknhu
,d pekfju ds] >haxqjh flag ,d czkã.kh ds] uks[ksjke ,d vghfju dks j[ks gq , gSaA pekj
ekrknhu ds eq¡g esa gìh Mky nsrs gSaA rks os rhu lkS #i;s [kpZ djds dk'kh iafMr ds }kjk
çk;f'pr djds 'kq) gks tkrs gSaA ij xkscj fo/kok >qfu;k dks ?kj ys vkrk gS rks iap dh –
f"V ls cgw&csfV;ksa dh bTtr [krjs esa iM+ tkrh gSA bl vijk/k ds fy, gksjh dks vkfFkZd
n.M Hkqxruk iM+rk gSA

xk¡o esa vkfFkZd leL;k fdlku ds thou dks ujd rqY; cuk nsrh gS A /kfu;k Nrhlosa
o"kZ dh mez esa cw<+h tSlh yxrh gS A gksjh dks lkB rd igq¡pus dh mEehn ugha gSA ?kh&nw/k
rks vatu yxkus rd dks Hkh ugha feyrkA gksjh nq%[kh gS fd muds csVs xkscj dks nw/k ugha
feyrkA gksjh iksrs ds fy, nw/k dh O;oLFkk djus og ,d xk; [kjhnuk pkgrk gSA blfy,
fdlkuh NksM+dj og etnwjh djrk gSA

tehankj }kjk le;&le; ij fdlkuksa dks tehu ls csn[kyh dh tkrh gSA yxku
pqdkus ij Hkh mUgsa jlhn ugha feyrh A lkgwdkj ipkl #i;s nsdj lkS fy[kk ysrk gS vkSj
olwy djrs le; nks lkS ys ysrk gSA

xk¡o esa dqN lkekftd vkSj lkaL—frd fo'ks"krk,¡ gSa] tks xjhcksa esa Hkh lq[k dk lapkj
dj nsrh gSaA gksyh ds volj ij lc [kqydj ukVd [ksyrs gSa vkSj vU;k; ij O;aX; djrs
gSaA gksjh dh xk; dks ns[kus lc xk¡ookys vkrs gSaA ghjk tc xk; ns[kus ugha vkrk rks gksjh
mls cqykuk pkgrk gSA xk¡o esa lHkh fdlku bZekunkj gksrs gSaA gksjh lHkh dks iSls pqdkrk gSA
og vkn'kZ ij vfMx jgrk gSA og vius csVs ls dgrk gS & ^^ uhfr gkFk ls u NksM+uh pkfg,
csVkA viuh&viuh djuh vius&vius lkFk gSA^^
Hkkjrh; fdlku xk; dks nsork ekurk gSA gksjh dgrk gS & xÅ ls gh rks }kj dh

21
'kksHkk gSA losjs&losjs xÅ ds n'kZu gks tk,¡ rks D;k dguk \^^ xk; dh ykylk esa gh gksjh
dh ekSr gks tkrh gSA xk¡o ds fdlku /keZ ds çfr cM+h fu"Bk j[krs gSaA blh /keZ ds Mj ls os
lkgwdkj dks ikbZ&ikbZ pqdk nsrs gSaA os iki&iq.; esa fo'okl djds lkjh ;kruk,¡ lgrs gSaA
var esa gksjh dh eqfä ds fy, /kfu;k xksnku djus esa vleFkZ gksdj Hkh nkrknhu dks lqryh
cspus ls feys chl vkus iSls dks xksnku ds :i esa ns nsrh gSA Hkkjrh; fdlku thou Hkj
esgur djus ij Hkh viuh lkekU;re bPNk dks iw.kZ ugha dj ikrkA

xk; dk egÙo %
^xksnku^ miU;kl dh dFkk ds dsaæ esa uk;d gksjh ds eu esa ,d xk; j[kus dh ykylk
gS A çsepUn us fy[kk gS fd & gj ,d x`gLFk dh Hkk¡fr gksjh ds eu esa Hkh xÅ dh ykylk
fpjdky ls lafpr pyh vkrh Fkh A ;gh mlds thou dk lcls cM+k LoIu] lcls cM+h lk/k
FkhA

gksjh jk;lkgc vej iky flag ls feyus csykjh ls lsejh tkrs le; ixMaMh ds nksuksa
vksj bZ[k ds ikS/kksa dh ygjkrh gqbZ gfj;kyh ns[kdj eu gh eu dgrk gS & Hkxoku dgha xkS
ls cj[kk dj nsa vkSj MkaMh Hkh lqHkhrs ls jgs] rks ,d xk; t:j ysxkA og iNkbZ xk; ysxkA
mldh [kwc lsok djsxkA dqN ugha rks pkj&ikap lsj nw/k gksxkA xÅ ls gh rks }kj dh 'kksHkk
gSA losjs&losjs xÅ ds n'kZu gks tk,¡ rks D;k dgukA u tkus dc ;g lk/k iwjh gksxh] dc
og 'kqHk fnu vk,xkA

jkLrs esa Hkksyk dh xk;ksa dks ns[kdj gksjh dk eu yypkrk gSA og Hkksyk dh [kq'kken
djrs gq, mlls dgrk gS & Þ/kU; gS rqEgkjk thouA xÅvksa dh bruh lsok djrs gksA gesa rks
xk; dk xkscj Hkh e;Llj ughaA fxjLr ds ?kj esa ,d xk; Hkh u gks] rks fdruh yTtk dh
ckr gSA^^
gksjh ckrphr ds nkSjku Hkksyk dh ç'kalk dj nsrk gSA og Hkksyk dks mldh lxkbZ djk
nsus dk >wBk vk'oklu nsrk gSA Hkksyk [kq'k gksdj gksjh dks ,d dtjh xk; vLlh #i;s esa]
og Hkh m/kkj ij nsus dks jkth gks x;kA

22
 og gksjh ds gkFk esa xk; dh ixfg;k nsdj xk; mlds ?kj rd igq¡pk nsus dks dgrk
gSA og xks&lsok dks ije /keZ ekuus okys ds gkFk esa xk; cspus dks mfpr ekurk gSA og gksjh
ls dgrk gS & ^gkfdeksa dks xÅ dh lsok ls D;k eryc \ og rks [kwu pwluk & Hkj tkurs
gSaA tc rd nw/k nsrh] j[krs] fQj fdlh ds gkFk csp nsrAs fduds iYys iM+rh] dkSu tkusA
#i;k gh lc dqN ugha gS HkS;k A dqN viuk /kje Hkh rks gSA rqEgkjs ?kj vkjke ls jgsxh rksA^^

gksjh dks tc ekywe gqvk fd Hkksyk ds ikl Hkwlk ugha gSA og vkfFkZd lad V esa gS] rc
gksjh ladV dh pht ysus dks iki eku dj fQj dHkh xk; ysus dk oknk djds Hkksyk ls xk;
ugha ysrkA ogk¡ ls tkus ds le; gksjh ihNs eqM+dj ns[krk gS fd dcjh xk; iw¡N ls efD[k;k¡
mM+krh flj fgykrh] eLrkuh] ean xfr ls >qerh pyh tkrh Fkh A tSls ckafn;ks a ds chp esa
dksbZ jkuh gksA gksjh dYiuk djrk gS & dSlk 'kqHk gksxk og fnu tc ;g dke/ksuq mlds }kj
ij ca/ksxhA

?kj ij ppkZ gksrh gS rks xkscj dgrk gS & ^^ lkQ&lkQ rks ckr gS vLlh #i;s dh
xk; gS] gels chl #i;s dk Hkwlk ys ysa vkSj xk; gesa ns nsaA lkB #i;s jg tk,¡x]s og ge
/khjs&/khjs ns nsaxsAß gks lksprk gS fd & eSaus ,slh pky lksph gS fd xk; lsar & lsar esa gkFk
vk tk,A dgha Hkksyk dh lxkbZ Bhd djuh gS cl A nks&pkj eu Hkwlk rks [kkyh viuk jax
tekus dks nsrk gw¡A

xkscj Hkksyk dh xk; ns[kdj dSlk [kq'k gks tkrk gS mldk o.kZu ys[kd us fd;k xkscj
dh vk¡[k mlh xk; ij yxh gqbZ Fkh vkSj eu gh eu og eqX/k gqvk tkrk FkkA xk; bruh
lqUnj vkSj lqMkSy gSA bldh mlus dYiuk Hkh u dh FkhA

xkscj gksjh ls ukan xkM+us dg dj xk; ykus pyk tkrk gSA xkscj ds ykSVus esa nsj
gksrh gS rks og cspkSu gks tkrk gSA xk; ds vkus ls igys gksjh ukan xkM+uk ugha pkgrkA mls

23
vk'kadk gS fd vxj Hkksyk cny tk,xk rks lkjk xk¡o rkfy;k¡ ihVus yxsxkA :ik pkgrh gS
fd xk; vk tk,xh rks og xkscj Fkkisxh vkSj nw/k nqgx
s hA nwj ls HkS;k dks xk; ykrs gq,
ns[kdj lksuk vkSj :ik nksuksa nkSM+h gqbZ vkdj lHkh dks ;g lwpuk nsrh gSaA fdlus igys HkS;k
dks ns[kk A bl ij nksuksa cguksa esa >xM+k gks tkrk gSA

xk; igq¡prh gS rks gksjh tYnh ukan xkM+uk pkgrk gSA /kfu;k vkVk vkSj xqM+ ?kksydj
xk; dks fiykuk pkgrh gSA D;ksafd xk; /kwi esa pydj vkus ls I;klh gks xbZ gksxh A xk;
dks dgha utj u yx tk, blfy, /kfu;k nqdku ls dkyk Mksjk eaxokdj mlds xys esa
cka/kuk pkgrh gSA og ?kj esa dgha iM+h gqbZ ?kaVh Hkh <wa<rh gS A xk; ysdj xkscj vkrk gS rks
mlds ihNs xk¡o ds yM+ds pys vkrs gSaA nkSM+dj xk; ds xys ls fyiV tkrk gSA /kfu;k nsj
u djds ,d iqjkuh lkM+h dk dkyk fdukjk QkM+dj xk; ds xys esa ck¡/k nsrh gSA nwljksa dh
utj u yxs] blfy, /kfu;k vk¡xu esa ukan xkM+k tkuk pkgrh gSA gksjh ukan ckgj xkM+uk
pkgrk gSA og pkgrk gS fd xk; dks }kj ij ck¡/ks ns[kdj yksx iwNas fd ;g fdldk ?kj gSA
vkf[kj ukan vk¡xu esa xkM+h tkrh gSA

gjh J)k ls xk; dks ns[k jgk gSA og ekurk gS fd ;g xk; ugha ekuks lk{kkr nsoh
us ?kj esa inkiZ.k fd;k gksA xk; ds pj.kksa ls ?kj ifo= gks x;kA ;g lkSHkkX; cM+s iq.;&çrki
ls feyk gSA mlds fy, xk; dsoy J)k & Hkfä dh oLrq ughaA ltho laifÙk Hkh gS A

xk¡o esa vLlh #i, dh xk; rks nwj & ipkl & lkB #i;s dh xk; dk vkuk Hkh
vHkwriwoZ ckr FkhA lc nkSM+dj xk; ns[kus vkrs gSaA iafMr nkrknhu xk; ds lhax] Fku] iqëk
ns[kdj xk; ds y{k.k vPNk crkrs gSaA os gksjh ls dgrs gSa & ^^Hkxoku pkgsaxs rks rqEgkjs HkkX;
[kqy tk,¡xsAß

xk; ds ns[kus gksjh ds nks HkkbZ ghjk vkSj 'kksHkk ugha vkrs rks gksjh nksuksa dks cqykdj
xk; fn[kkuk pkgrk gSA ghjk xk; dks ns[kdj tyrk gSA gksjh ghjk vkSj 'kksHkk dh ckrphr
lqudj ghjk ds eu dh nqHkkZouk dks tku tkrk gSA og vc xk; dks ykSVk nsus dk fu'p;

24
djrk gSA gksjh vkSj xkscj xk; ds vk/kh&vk/kh jksfV;k¡ f[kykus vkrs gSa] ij xk; ugha [kkrhA
:ik xk; dk eq¡g lgykrh gSA

>haxqjh flag gksjh dh xk; ij utj j[krk gSA ,d fnu gksjh dtkZ ysus >haxqjhflag ds
ikl igq¡prk gS rks og mls lqugyk ekSdk tkudj mlds xk; csp nsus dk çLrko nsrk gSA
xk; cspus dh ckr lqudj lksuk dgrh gS fd eq>s csp nks] iSls T;knk fey tk,¡xAs

gksjh tkurk gS fd :ik xk; dks cgqr pkgrh gSA gksjh ;g Hkh le>rk gS fd ,d fe=
ls m/kkj ij xk; ysdj mls csp nsuk v/keZ gSA ij ifjfLFkfr ds lkeus og ykpkj gks tkrk
gSA fdlh Hkh rjg gjh /kfu;k vkSj xkscj dks xk; cspus dks jkth djk nsrk gS vkSj r; gksrk
gS fd nksuksa yM+fd;k¡ jkr dks lks tkus ds ckn xk; dks >haxqjh flag ds ikl igq¡pk fn;k
tk,xkA

og jkr dks tkdj xk; ds ikl [kM+k gksrk gS rks mls yxrk gS fd xk; dh vk¡[kksa esa
vk¡lw Hkjs gq, gSaA xk; mls ;kn fnyk nsrh gS fd mlus xk; u cspus dk opu fn;k FkkA
gksjh fQj fu'p; dj ysrk gS fdlh Hkh gkyr esa og xk; ugha cspx
s kA ;g lqu /kfu;k [kq'k
gks tkrh gSA

Hkhrj cM+h mel gks jgh FkhA xk; dks vkjke igq¡pkus ds fy, gksjh mls ckgj cka/k nsrk
gSA fQj vius HkkbZ 'kksHkk ls feyus tkrk gSA dksbZ X;kjg cts ykSVrs le; og xk; ds ikl
ghjk dks ns[krk gSA og xk; dks tgj f[kyk nsrk gSA xk; ej tkrh gSA xk; dk dtkZ mrj
ugha ikrkA gksjh dh fQj xk; [kjhnus dh lkeFkZ~; ugha jgrh ; reUuk v/kwjh jg tkrh gSA

:ik ifr jkelsod ds ?kj ij xk;ksa dks ns[krh gS rks mldh Le`fr fQj ltho gks
tkrh gS ml xk; dh ;kn vHkh Hkh mlds fny esa gjh Fkh] tks esgeku dh rjg vkbZ Fkh vkSj
lcdks jksrk NksM+dj pyh xbZ FkhA

gksjh vius iksrs ds nw/k ds fy, ,d xk; ysuk pkgrk gSA og fdlku dh e;kZnk
NksM+dj etnwjh djrk gSA og dgrk gS & Bsdsnkj ls #i;s feys vkSj xk; yk;kA

25
 e`R;q ds le; Hkh gksjh dks xk; ;kn vkrh gSA og dYiuk ls ns[krk gS ,d dke/ksuq&
lh xk; mlds lkeus vk tkrh gSA mldk nw/k nqgdj eaxy dks fiykrs le; xk; ,d nsoh
cu tkrh gSA /kfu;k ds iqdkjus ij og v/kZpsru voLFkk esa dgrk gS & rqe vk x, xkscj!
eSaus eaxy ds fy, xk; ys yh gSA og [kM+h gS ns[kksA

gksjh /kfu;k ls dgrk gS & esjk dgk &lquk ekQ dj nsuk /kfu;kA vc tkrk gw¡A xk;
dh ykylk eu esa gh jg xbZA vc rks xk; ds #i;s fØ;k & dje esa tk,¡xAs

gksjh dh ej.kklUu fLFkfr esa ghjk jksrs gq, dgrk gS & ^^ HkkHkh! fny dM+k djksA
xks&nku djk nksA nknk pysAß cgqr ls yksx ;gh lq>ko nsrs gSa & gk¡ xksnku djk nks ;gh
le; gSA

/kfu;k lqryh cspus ls feys chl vkus iSls ykbZ vkSj mls ifr ds BaMs gkFk esa j[kdj
lkeus [kM+s nkrknhu ls cksyrh gS & ^^egkjkt ! ?kj esa u xk; gS] u cfN;k] u iSlkA ;gh
iSls gSaA ;gh budk xks& nku gSA ^^

fu/kZurk] va/k&fo'okl] /kkfeZd Hk; vkSj 'kks"k.k lc feydj gksjh dh ,d xk; j[kus
dh dkeuk dks viw.kZ j[k nsrs gSaA gksjh thou Hkj tq>k: ;ks)k dh rjg thou & laxzke esa
yM+dj var esa dky ds xky esa lek x;k gSA

xk¡o dk lkekftd thou@'kks"k.k %

xksnku esa 'kgjh lekt vkSj xzkeh.k lkekt dk fp=.k fd;k x;k gSA 'kgj ds lanHkZ
esa lR;kxzg&laxzke] 'kDdj fey] if=dk & çdk'ku] dkSfUly ds pquko] fgt ,sDlsysUlh
xouZj] vaxzst ljdkj ls ind çkfIr] 'ks;j [kjhn & fcØh] lekt lsok] efgykvksa dh
O;k;ke'kkyk] ohesUl yhx] etnwj vkanksyu vkfn ckrksa dh ppkZ gksrh gSA ij çsepUn dk
eq[; mís'; xzkeh.k okrkoj.k esa iys fdlku dh lkekftd fLFkfr dks mtkxj djds dtZ]
/keZ] tkfr] HkkX; dh vkM+ esa muds çfr gks jgs 'kks"k.k dk ,d uXu fp= çn'kZu djuk FkkA

26
 xk¡o ds HkkX; dh Mksj 'kgj esa gSA tehankj vejiky flag ds dkj.k 'kgjh vkSj xzkeh.k
dFkk,¡ tqM+rh gSA tehankjh çFkk gh xk¡o dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr fu;a=.k djrh gSA gksjh xzkeh.k
fdlku ds çfrfuf/k ds :i esa mifLFkr gksrk gSA

miU;kl esa igys gksjh tehankj dh [kq'kken djus viuk dq'ky ekurk gS A og tkurk
gS fd tc nwljs ds ikao rys viuh xnZu nch gqbZ gS] rks mu ikaoksa dks lgykus esa gh dq'ky
gS le;&le; ij tehankj dh MkaM] csxkj] nLrwjh] 'kxqu vkSj utjkus ds :i esa iSls nsus
iM+rs gSaA jk;lkgc ds ?kj ij mRlo gS rks etnwj csxkj djrs gSa A gksjh dks ikap :i;s
utjkuk nsus gSaA ;gh ijaijk gSA jkelsod dgrk gS & ^^;gk¡ rks tks fdlku gS] og lcdk
uje pkjk gSA iVokjh dk utjkuk vkSj nLrwjh u ns rks xk¡o esa jguk eqf'dy A tehankj ds
pijklh vkSj dkfjnksa ds isV u Hkjs rks fuckg u gksA^^

xk¡o esa Fkkusnkj nkjksxk Å/ke epkrs gSaA os xk¡o esa vkrs gSa rks xk¡ookyksa dk drZ~rO; gS
fd os mudk vknj &lRdkj djsaA bldh vogsyuk gksus ls xk¡o dk xk¡o ca/k tk,xkA

ghjk ij gq, xksgR;k ekeyk dks lekIr djus ds fy, gksjh dks rhl #i, fj'or nsus
dh ukScr vkrh gSA xk¡o ds eqf[k;k nkrknhu f>axqjh flag] uks[ksjke vkSj ykyk iVs'ojh
fcpkSfy, curs gSaA os njksxk feydj ;g fj'or r; djrs gSaA fj'or dk vk/kk fgLlk njksxk
vkSj vk/kk fgLlk pkj eqf[k;k ysus ij le>kSrk gksrk gSA f>axqjh flag gksjh dks dtkZ nsrk gSA
;g fj'kor nsus ls igys /kfu;k iSlk gksjh ls Nhu ysrh gSA ysfdu njksxk egktuksa dks ryk'kh
dh /kedh nsdj muls fj'or ys ysrk gSA

gksjh vius ?kj ij C;kgrk u gksrs gq, Hkh xHkZorh cgw >qfu;k dks j[k ysus ls iapk;r
cSBrh gSA gksjh ij lkS #i;s udn vkSj rhl eu vukt Mk¡M yxk;k tkrk gSA cgw dks iVs'ojh
gjtkbZ dgrk gSA

Mk¡M yxkusokyksa esa f>axwjh flag gSA ftudh nks toku ifRu;k¡ ?kw¡?kV dh vkM+ esa lc
dqN xyr dke djrh FkhA Bkdqjlkgc ds Mj ls dksbZ dqN ugha djrk FkkA

27
 /kfu;k iapk;r dks MkaVrh gS vfHk'kki nsrh gSA ij fcjknjh ds Hk; ls /keZ dh j{kk ds
fy, gksjh Mk¡M Hkjrk gSA

gksjh #i;ksa ds fy, ?kj fxjoh j[krk gS vkSj gky esa iSnk gqvk vukt Mk¡M esa ns nsrk
gSA mls fcjknjh dk Hk; FkkA ys[kd us fy[kk gS& Þfcjknjh dk og vkrad Fkk fd vius flj
ij ykndj vukt <ks jgk FkkA ekuks vius gkFk viuh dcz [kksn jgk gks A tehankj lkgwdkj]
ljdkj fdldk bruk jkSc FkkA dy cky&cPps D;k [kk,¡x]s bldh fpark çk.kksa dks lks[k ysrh
Fkh; ij fcjknjh dk Hk; fi'kkp dh Hkk¡fr flj ij lokj vkadql fn;s tk jgk FkkA

xkscj nkrknhu dks vnkyr dh /kedh nsdj Å¡ph nj ls C;kt u nsus dh psrkouh
nsrk gSA nkrknhu vnkyr esa u tkdj czkã.kRo vkSj /keZ ds cy ij iwjs #i;s olwy djuk
pkgrk gSA f>axqjh flag dkuwu ds ckjs esa dgrk gS & ^^ dkuwu vkSj U;k; mldk gS] ftlds
ikl iSlk gksAß

czkã.k dh viuh ttekuh esa viuk dq'ky ekurs gSaA nkrknhu dgrs gSa & ^^tehankjh
feV tk,] cad?kj VwV tk,] ysfdu ttekuh var rd cuh jgsxhA^^

jk;lkgc nksgjh uhfr viukdj dHkh tehankjh dks cqjh çFkk ekudj mldh fuUnk djrs
gSa rks dHkh viuh etcwjh crkrs gSa& Þge fcPNw ugha gSa fd vuk;kl gh lcdks Mad ekjrs
fQjsaA u xjhcksa dk xyk nckuk dksbZ cM+s vkuUn dk dke gSA ijarq djsa D;kA vQljksa dks
nkor dgk¡ ls nw¡] ljdkjh pans dgk¡ ls nw¡ \ --- vk,xk rks vlkfe;ksa ds gh ?kj lsA^^ os dgrs
gSa fd vQljksa dks Mkfy;k¡ u nsus ls tsy gks tk,xkA jk; lkgc LokFkhZ vkSj voljoknh gSaA

jk;lkgc dk 'kks"k.k fdlh ds /;ku esa ugha tkrkA lkjk nks"k dkfjnksa ij e<+ fn;k
tkrk gSA ysfdu jk; lkgc ,sls le; esa cdk;k yxku olwy djuk pkgrs gSa] tc mUgsa
yxrk gS fd fdlku yxku ns ugha ldsaxsA rc csn[kyh dk Mj fn[kkrs gSa fQj Hkh gksjh
dgrk gS & ^^ jk; lkgc dks D;k nks"k nsa] HkkX; dk [ksy gSA^^

gksjh viuh cngkyh ds fy, iwoZtUe ds deZQy ij fo'okl djrk gSA xkscj dk dFku
fd Hkxoku us lHkh dks cjkcj djds tUe fn;k gS] gksjh ds xys ls uhps ugha mrjrkA gksjh
28
ijaijkxr ekU;rk ls eqä ugha gks ikrk] blfy, mldk pkSrjQk 'kks"k.k gksrk gS vkSj bl
'kks"k.k dk fojks/k djus dh vkokt mlesa ugha gSA og ,slh xjhch >syrk gS fd iRuh dks]
csfV;ksa dk ru <dus ds fy, oL= ns ugha ikrkA nks csj Hkkstu muds fy, tqVk ugha ikrkA

lekt esa tkfr O;oLFkk bruh mR—"V gS fd mlls eqfä feyuk eqf'dy gSA ekrknhu
flfy;k pekfju dks Hkksx ykylk ls j[kSy ds :i esa j[krk gSA ij mlds gkFk dk cuk;k
gqvk [kkuk ugha [kkrk A blls mls fo'okl gS fd mldk czkã.kRo lqjf{kr gSA mlds eq¡g esa
pekj gìh Mky nsrs gSa rks og tkfrHkz"V gks tkrk gSA fQj dk'kh tkdj çk;f'pr djds iqu%
czkã.kRo okil ik tkrk gSA ij var esa mldk ân; ifjorZu gks tkrk gS A ftl flfy;k
dks mlus ?kj ls fudky fn;k Fkk] mls rFkk mlds cPps dks iqu% Lohdkj djds pekj cus
jgus dks ilan djrk gSA

gksjh dks viuh fdlkuh ij xoZ gSA og viuk vfLrRo cuk, j[kus ds fy, jk;lkgc
ls vPNk laca/k cuk, j[krk gSA fdlku ls etnwj cu tkus esa og viuh csbTtrh le>rk
gSA fdlku ds :i esa jgus ds fy, og dM+h esgur djrk gS A yxku csckd ugha gks ikrkA
_.k Hkkj ugha mrjrkA FkksM+k Qk;nk ikus dh ykylk ls og Hkkb;ksa ds lkFk csbekuh djds
chp esa dqN nykyh ds #i;s ysuk pkgrk gSA viuh NksVh csVh :ik dks nks lkS #i;s esa csp
dj ,d v/ksM+ jkelsod ds lkFk fookg dj nsrk gSA og xk; [kjhnus dh ykylk ls dadM+
rksM+us ds fy, etnwj cu tkrk gSA og viuh tehu dks lgh lyker cpkus dk ç;kl djrk
gSA ys[kd mldh ,d nnZukd rLohj bl çdkj [khaprs gSa & gkjs gq, eghi dh Hkk¡fr mlus
vius dks bu rhu ch?ks ds fdys esa can dj fy;k Fkk vkSj mls çk.kksa dh rjg cpk jgk FkkA
Qkds lgs] cnuke gqvk] etnwjh dh] ij fdys dks gkFk ls u tkus fn;k] exj vc og fdyk
Hkh gkFk ls fudyk tkrk FkkA --- dgha ls #i;s feyus dh vk'kk u FkhA tehu mlds gkFk ls
fudy tk,xh vkSj mlds thou ds ckdh fnu etwjh djus esa dVsaxAs Hkxoku dh bPNkA

egktu] iqjksfgr] tehankj] 'kklu & ra= ml ij pkSrjQk vkØe.k djrs gSaA gksjh
/kfu;k dk HkxhjFk & ç;kl fu"Qy tkrk gSA thou &laxzke esa fujarj gkj mls ncksp ysrh
gSA fQj Hkh laxzke esa og gkjusokyk ;ks)k ugha gSA gkj esa Hkh mldh fot; gksrh gSA Hkkb;ksa
29
esa vyxks>k gks tkuk] vius HkkbZ dh [kq'kgkyh vkSj laiUurk ls bZ"kZ~;kyq gksdj xksgR;k rd
vijk/k dj cSBuk] /keZ vkSj fcjknjh ds Hk; ls xk¡o ls Hkkx tkuk] fQj var esa HkkbZ ls {kek
ekaxdj vius eu dks gYdk djuk ghjk dh fu;fr gSA
pkgs 'kgj dh ikfVZ;ksa esa gks] pkgs xk¡o ds Hkkst esa 'kjkc dk [kqydj bLrseky gksrk

gSA
fetkZ [kq'khZn os';kvksa dk m)kj djus ds fy, laxhr eaMyh cukrs gSa A bl ij esgrk
dgrs gSa & ^^ tc rd lekt dh O;oLFkk Åij ls uhps rd cny u Mkyh tk;] bl rjg
dh eaMyh ls dksbZ Qk;nk u gksxkA

jk; lkgc dh iq=h ehuk{kh dk vius ifr ls ugha iVukA og Dyc tkrh gS] ifr ij
xqtkjs dk nkok djrh gS] ifr ds ?kj ij vkdj gaVj ls mldh fiVkbZ djrh gSA

;kSu & 'kks"k.k %

ukjh esa vkRefo'okl vkSj vkRelEeku dh deh vius LokfHkeku ds çfr fujk'kktud
–f"Vdks.k] iq#"kopZLo lekt] Å¡ph tkfr dk NksVh tkfr dh fL=;ksa ds lkFk xyr ;kSu laca/k
j[kus esa viuk vf/kdkj Hkkouk vkSj naHk] NksVh tkfr esa viuh bTtr cuk, j[kus ds fy,
vko';d –<+rk dk vHkko] xjhch dh etcwfj;k¡ vkfn dbZ dkj.k gSa] ftuds ifj.kke & Lo:i
;kSu 'kks"k.k dh ijaijk pyrh vk jgh gSA

>qfu;k ds lkFk ;kSu 'kks"k.k gksus ds nks volj fn[kk, x, gSaA og cgqr ljy gS]
blfy, igyh eqykdkr esa çseh xkscj dks crkrh gS fd ?kj esa ?kjokyh dh vuqifLFkfr esa
fryd & eqæk yxkus okys ,d iafMr us fdokM+ can djds mldh csbTtrh djus dh dksf'k'k
dh rks >qfu;k mudks xkfy;k¡ nsdj] ihB esa nks ykrsa tekdj Hkkx vkbZ FkhA

,d fnu ekrknhu gksjh ds ?kj ij vkdj ,dkar dk Qk;nk mBkdj >qfu;k ls

fpduh&pqiM+h ckrsa djrk gSA >qfu;k vlgk;rk dk cks/k djds jksus yxrh gSA ekrknhu /khjs
ls mldk gkFk idM+ ysrk gS] ij >Vds ls gkFk u NqM+kdj nks pkaVs u yxkdj og vkfgLrk

30
ls gkFk NqM+krh gSA bl le; lksuk ds igq¡p tkus ls ^ekrknhu ixfg;k ekax jgs Fks^ dgdj
>qfu;k fLFkfr dks laHkky nsrh gSA

>qfu;k dks nw/k ysdj cktkj tkrs jgrs le; fHkUu&fHkUu yksxksa ls eqykdkr gksrh FkhA
dksbZ mldh Nkrh ij gkFk j[kdj u rjlkus dh fourh djrk Fkk rks dksbZ #i;s] xgus
fn[kkdj Q¡lkuk pkgrk FkkA yxrk gS ;s lk/kkj.k ?kVuk,¡ tSlh Fkha] oju~ blls FkksM+h nsj ds
fy, euksjatu gks tkrk FkkA bls >qfu;k eaxuh pht ekurh Fkh A xk¡oksa esa mRihM+u oxZ fuEu
tkfr dk ;kSu 'kks"k.k djrs gSa vkSj bls viuk vf/kdkj ekurs gSa A bl vijk/k ds fy, os
lekt esa nafMr ugha gksrAs ljdkj cgknqj ds ukSdj iVs'ojh viuh fo/kok dgkfju dks j[kk
gqvk gSA

jk;lkgc dk dkfjank uks[ksjke Hkksyk dh vlgk;rk dk Qk;nk mBkdj mls dke ns

nsrk gS vkSj mldh ubZ iRuh uksgjh dks vius ?kj j[k ysrk gSA

f>axqjh flag] iVs'ojh vkSj uks[ksjke ds csVs tc n'kgjs dh Nqêh ij xk¡o vkrs gSa] rc
NSys cudj ?kwers gSaA gksjh dh csVh lksuk dks ns[kus ds fy, gksjh ds }kj dks rkdrs gq,
fudyrs gSaA

ijaijkxr ekufldrk ds dkj.k nfyr lekt dh vfLerk vkSj vfLrRo ds çfr

lpsrurk [krjs esa iM+ tkrh gSA HkkX;okn vkSj deZQy foæksg dk xyk ?kksaV nsrs gSaA

ukjh mRihM+u %
xjhc vkSj fuEu ifjokj esa ukjh dks ihVdj iq#"k viuk xqLlk mrkjrk gS vkSj vius
ikS#"k dh fot; ekurk gSA ukjh bldk fojks/k ugha dj ikrhA mls dqN xqLlk vkrk gSA lHkh
ds lkeus ;g ?kVuk ?kVus ls vieku cks/k gksrk gS] dqN fnuksa rd ckrphr can gks tkrh gS]
ij dqN le; ;k fnu ds i'pkr lkjh ckrsa LoHkkfod gks tkrh gSaA dsoy ,slh fLFkfr esa
tehankj ds ifjokj esa rykd rd ifr&iRuh mrj vkrs gSa] tSls fd jk;lkgc dh iq=h vkSj
nkekn ds chp gqvkA xjhc ifjokj esa ikfjokfjd fo?kVu dh fLFkfr ugha vkrhA

31
xkscj us 'kgj tkrs le; naifr dks vkil esa >xM+rs gq, ns[kkA ifr iRuh dks ?kj tkus dks
dg jgk FkkA iRuh euk dj jgh FkhA ifr xqLls ls iRuh dks ?klhVrk gSA xkscj ifr dk i{k
ysrk gS rks iRuh dgrh gS & rqe D;ksa yM+kbZ djus ij mrk: gks th] viuh jkg D;ksa ugha
tkrs \ ;gk¡ dksbZ rek'kk gS \ gekjk vkil dk >xM+k gSA dHkh og eq>s ekjrk gS] dHkh eSa
mls Mk¡Vrh gw¡A rqels eryc \

ck¡l csps tkrs le; neM+h calhj ls iqfu;k >xM+rh gSA ghjk & iqfu;k ds chp ekjihV
gks tkrh gSA og dHkh &dHkh mls bruk ekjrk gS fd og dbZ fnuksa rd [kkV ls mB ugha
ikrhA mlus >xM+k djds Hkkb;ksa esa vyxkS>k dj fn;k FkkA fiVs tkus ij Hkh og ghjk dks
vius b'kkjs ij pykrh FkhA xkscj & >qfu;k esa >xM+k gksrk gSA dqN fnu nksuksa esa vcksyk jg
tkrk gSA ij foifÙk ds le; lc /kqy tkrk gSA

gksjh vkos'k ds dkj.k /kfu;k dks ihVrk gSA /kfu;k dks cM+k nq%[k gksrk gS fd lHkh ds
lkeus gksjh us mls ihVkA ckrphr can gks tkrh gS] ij nqfnZu esa] jksx esa ;g >xM+k ;kn ugha
jgrkA ukjh ifr lsok esa yhu gks tkrh gSA

ekrknhu & flfy;k dk >xM+k] ekjihV dj ?kj ls fudky nsuk] vkil esa le>kSrk
dj nsuk xk¡o esa LokHkkfod çfØ;k gSA xzkeh.k efgyk,¡ vogsyuk] vieku vkSj mRihM+u dks
pqipki lg tkrh gSaA os iq#"k ds v/khu jgrh gSaA ;g mudh fu;fr gSA eqfä ughaA vkfFkZd
vkSj lkekftd –f"V ls os canh gSaA

_.k leL;k %
xksnku esa _.k & leL;k ,d çeq[k leL;k gSA ;g leL;k gksjh ds thou dh xfr
dks cnulhch dh vksj /kdsydj mldk var dj nsrh gSA ;g leL;k xzkeh.k —"kd lekt
dh leL;k ugha gS] cfYd 'kgj ds tehankjksa vkSj cqf)thfo;ksa dh Hkh leL;k gSA lkgwdkj
vkSj cSadj _.k nsrs gSaA

gksjh _.k & Hkkj ls bruk nck gqvk gS fd tokuh esa Hkh mls cq<+kik vk x;k gSA cM+h
eqf'dy ls _.k ds ikVksa ds chp og x`gLFkh dh xkM+h [khapus dk ç;kl dj jgk gSA og
32
_.k ij xk; ysrk gSA xk; dks ekj fn;k tkrk gS rks ml ij dgj VwV iM+rk gS A ?kj dh
ryk'kh ls cpus ds fy, mls fj'or nsuh iM+rh gSA fj'or ds fy, _.k Hkh ysuk iM+rk gS] ij
/kfu;k ds dkj.k fLFkfr lq/kjrh gSA ij og fdlku ls etnwj curk gS] dU;k & fcØh djuh
iM+rh gS vkSj var esa çk.kksa dh vkgqfr ns nsrk gSA

xkscj 'kgj tkdj igys nwljs dks _.k rks nsrk gS ij mldh vkfFkZd fLFkfr ckn esa
fcxM+ tkrh gS rks og _.k pØ esa Qal tkrk gS vkSj /oLr gks tkrk gSA

mldh iRuh /kfu;k le> xbZ gS fd pkgs fdruh drjO;ksar djks] fdruk gh isV&ru
dkVks] pkgs ,d&,d dkSM+h dks nk¡r ls idM+ks] exj yxku & csckd gksuk eqf'dy gSA _.k
Hkkj ls mlds cky id x, gSaA flQZ NÙkhl lky dh mez esa nsg ij >qfj;k¡ iM+ xbZ gSaA

'kgj esa jk;lkgc _.k ysdj viuh çfr"Bk cpkrs gSaA os dtZ ysdj pquko yM+rs gSaA
jk;lkgc #i;ksa dh deh ds dkj.k ,d ckj fe- ra[kk vkSj ,d ckj fe- vksadkjukFk dh Hkh
feUur dj pqds gSaA

dqaoj fnfXot; flag vkSj jktk lw;Zçrki ij Hkh Hkkjh dtZ gSA ra[kk] fe- [kUuk] esgrk]
ekyrh ds firk dksbZ Hkh _.k ls eqä ugha gSaA

ekyrh ds firk dgha ls dqN u feyrk Fkk rks ,d egktu ls vius caxys ij çksuksV
fy[kdj gtkj & nks gtkj ys ysrs FksA egktu mudk iqjkuk fe= Fkk] ftlus mudh cnkSyr
ysu&nsu esa yk[kksa dek, FksA ij iphl gtkj dk dtZ p<+ pqdk Fkk A xk¡ookys bZ[k cspus
fey esa igq¡prs gSa rks eqfue ls feydj xk¡o dk egktu f>axqjh flag dtZ esa fn;k #i;s olwy
dj fy, D;ksafd ftl [kUuk ckcw dh fey gS mlh [kUuk ckcw dh egktuh dksBh Hkh gSA nksuksa
,d gSaA xk¡o esa lkgwdkj fdlkuksa dk 'kks"k.k djrs gSa A nkrknhu fcuk fy[kk&i<+h ds _.k
nsrk gSA og #i, olwy djrs le; czkã.kRo vkSj 'kki dh /kedh nsdj dke fudky ysrk
gSA

nkrknhu us gksjh dks rhl #i, vkyw cksus ds fy, _.k fn;kA vkB&ukS lky esa og
lkS gks x,A xkscj ,d #i, ds fglkc ls T;knk C;kt nsus dh ckr dgrk gSA

33
nkrknhu vnkyr esa tkus ls Mjrk gSA ij /kedkrk gS & eSa czkã.k gw¡A esjs #i;s gte djds
rqe pkSu u ikvksxsA

gksyh ds volj ij xk¡o esa tks ukVd [ksyk tkrk gS] mlesa fn[kk;k tkrk gS fd Bkdqj
nl #i;s dk nLrkost fy[kkdj ikap #i;s nsrk gSA os ,d #i, utjkus dk] ,d rgjhj
dk] ,d dkxn dk] ,d nLrwjh dk vkSj lwn dk dkV ysrs gSaA

fdlku mlh ikap #i, dks ykSVkdj dgrk gS & NksVh Bdqjkbu ds utjkus vkSj iku
[kkus ds fy, ,d&,d #i;k] cM+h Bdqjkbu ds utjkus vkSj iku [kkus ds fy, ,d&,d
#i;k vkSj vius fØ;k deZ ds fy, ckdh ,d #i;k j[k yhft,A ;g lkgwdkjksa ds pfj=
ij ,d O;aX; n'kkZrk gSA

uksgjh Hkh dqN #i;s tek djrh gS tks mls fdlh dks dtkZ nsuk pkgrh gSA mls gksjh
vPNk nsunkj yxrk gSA gksjh dks lksuk ds fookg esa fny [kksydj [kpZ djus dks mdlkdj
nks lkS #i, dtkZ nsrh gSA

nqykjh lgqdkfju Hkh dtkZ nsrh gSA xk¡o esa ,slk dksbZ ?kj u Fkk] ftl ij vkids dqN
#i, u vkrs gksaA f>axqjh flag ij Hkh mlds chl #i, vkrs FksA gksjh us mlls pkyhl #i,
fy, Fks] tks C;kt lfgr yxHkx lkS #i, gks x, FksA dkfjank uks[ksjke fcuk jlhn fn, yxku
ds iSls ys ysrs gSaA xkscj tc mlls xaxktfy mBokdj vnkyr esa nksckjk iSls nsus dh /kedh
nsrk gS rks og lh/ks jkLrs ij vkrk gSA

nkrknhu tc crkrk gS fd ljdkj egktuksa ls lwn dk nj ?kVkus dks dgsxh rc

f>axqjh flag dgrk gS &ÞiafMr eSa rks ,d ckr tkurk gw¡] rqEgsa xjt iM+sxh rks lkS ckj gels
#i;s m/kkj ysus vkvksxs] vkSj ge tks C;kt pkgsax]s ysaxAs og lkS esa iphl igys dkV ysus
dh ckr dgrk gSA egktu ykr vkSj twrs ls ckr djrs gSaA çkS<+ vknfe;ksa dks dqN Qk;nk
nsdj vius i{k esa ysdj nwljksa dh xnZu nckus dk rjhdk crkdj og lkgwdkjksa dh dybZ
[kksy nsrs gSaA

34
 gksjh tc dgrk gS fd geus ftl C;kt ij #i, fy,] og rks nsus gh iM+saxs A fQj
czkã.k BgjsA ;g lqudj xkscj dgrk gS & ^^ vkSj dkSu ;g dg jgk gS fd czkã.k dk iSlk
nck yks ! eSa rks ;gh dgrk gw¡ fd bruk lwn ugha nsaxAs cSadokys ckjg vkus lwn ysrs gSaA rqe
,d #i;k ys yksA vkSj D;k fdlh dks ywV yksxs\

og firk ls nkrknhu ds ckjs esa dgrk gS & ^^ fdlh dks lkS #i, m/kkj fn, vkSj
mlls lwn esa ftUnxh Hkj dke ysrs jgsA ewy T;ksa dk R;ksaA ;g egktuh ugha gS] [kwu pwluk
gSA^^

gksjh us eax: 'kkg ls ikap lky igys lkB #i, dtZ fy;k Fkk A lkS #i, Hkh og ns
pqdk FkkA ij ml ij lkB #i, dk dtZ cuk gqvk FkkA

yxku vkSj lwn ds vykok 'kks"kd oxZ fdlkuksa dk nwljs <ax ls 'kks"k.k djrs FksA
fdlkuksa dks csxkj] utjkuk] Mk¡M] nLrwjh] 'kxqu vkfn ds :i esa #i, nsus iM+rs FksA iqfyl
fj'or ysrh FkhA mlesa xk¡o ds eqf[k;k yksxksa ds lk>s esa ;g dke pyrk gS A

jk"Vªh; vkUnksyu %
çsepUn us jk"Vªh; vkanksyu dh ?kVukvksa ds çfr xksnku esa fo'ks"k #fp ugha fn[kkbZ gSA
dsoy lR;kxzg laxzke dh ppkZ djds os Hkkjr esa lqjkt vkus vkSj ,d lekurk ewyd lekt&
O;oLFkk ykxw gksus dh vksj ladsr fd;k gSA blesa mUgksaus fn[kk;k gS fd jk"Vªh; vkUnksyu ds
çfr #fp dsoy 'kgjh ik=ksa dh gSA xzkeh.k ik= blls çHkkfor ugha gSaA

dsoy /kfu;k xk¡o ds eqf[k;k yksxksa ds "kM;a= dk inkZik'k djrh gqbZ dgrh gS & ^^
;s gR;kjs xk¡o ds eqf[k;k gSaA xjhcksa dk [kwu pwlusokysA lwn & C;kt] Ms<+h & lokbZ] utj&
utjkuk] ?kwl&?kkl tSls Hkh gks] xjhcksa dks ywVksA ml ij lqjkt pkfg, A tsy tkus ls lqjkt
ugha feysxk A lqjkt feysxk /kje ds U;k; lsAß
bl dFku ds vykok vkSj fdlh xzkeh.k ik= ds eq¡g ls lqjkt dh ckr ugha dgh xbZ
gSA

35
 xkscj 'kgj tkdj dqN ckrsa lh[k tkrk gS] og lHkkvksa esa vkrs & tkrs jgus ls dqN
jktuhfrd Kku gkfly dj ysrk gSA xk¡o esa vkrk gS rks eqf[k;k yksxksa ds vU;k; dk fojks/k
djus dh fgEer djrk gSA gksyh ds volj ij eqf[k;k dk e[kkSy mM+krk gSA rc gksjh lksprk
gS & ^^yM+ds dh vDy tSls [kqy xbZ gSA dSlh csykx ckr dgrk gSA^

^^jk;lkgc tehankj gksus ds ukrs ljdkj vkSj vlkfe;ksa ls vPNk lEcU/k cuk, j[kuk
pkgrs FksA blfy, fiNys lR;kxzg laxzke esa jk;lkgc us cM+k ;'k dek;k FkkA dkSafly dh
esEcjh NksMd
+ j tsy pys x, FksA rc ls muds bykds ds vlkfe;ksa dks muls cM+h J)k gks
xbZ FkhA

blds ckotwn gqdwer ls mudk dksbZ fojks/k ugha FkkA ^^viuh utjsa vkSj Mkfy;k¡ vkSj
deZpkfj;ksa dh nLrwfj;k¡ tSlh vHkh vkrh FkhaA^^ mudh nqjaxh uhfr esgrk dks v[kjrh gSA

fe- [kUuk Hkh tsy x, gSaA ij os [kíj ugha igursA os çse ls 'kjkc ihrs gSaA ij tsy
esa mUgksaus 'kjkc ugha NqbZA tsy esa ^,^ Dykl esa jgdj Hkh ^lh^ Dykl dh jksfV;k¡ [kkbZA
ns'kçseh gksus dk fo'okl mRiUu djus esa dksbZ dlj ugha NksM+hA

fel ekyrh Hkh ,d ckj tsy tkrh gSA ogk¡ uxj dkaxzsl desVh dh lHkkus=h pquh
tkrh gSA dq¡oj ukjk;.k yqdfNidj jk"Vªh; vkUnksyu esa Hkkx ysrs gSaA fQj Hkh vf/kdkfj;ksa
dks og ckr ekywe iM+ xbZ FkhA fQj Hkh mudh cM+h çfr"Bk FkhA lky esa ,d&nks ckj xouZj
lkgc Hkh muds esgeku gks tkrs FksA

fe-ra[kk viuh fe= eaMyh esa dkSafly dh ppkZ djrs gq, ekyrh ls dkSafly ds fy,
pquko yM+us dks dgrs gSaA os dgrs gSa& ^^esjh bPNk dsoy ;g gS fd dkSafly esa ,sls yksx
tk,¡ ftUgksaus thou esa dqN vuqHko çkIr fd;k gks vkSj turk mi;qä mEehnokj ekurh gS
rks fetkZ [kq'khZn viuh Hkkouk O;ä djrs gSa& Þesjk cl pys rks dkSafly esa vkx yxk nw ¡A
ftls ge MseksØslh dgrs gSa] og O;ogkj esa cM+s&cM+s iw¡thifr;ksa vkSj tehankjksa dk jkT; gS
vkSj dqN ughaA^^

36
fe- ra[kk jk; lkgc dh ç'kalk djrs gq, dgrs gSa & ^^ vcdh rks vkius dkSafly esa ç'uksa dh
/kwe epk nhA eSa rks nkos ds lkFk dg ldrk gw¡ fd fdlh esacj dk fjdkMZ bruk 'kkunkj ugha
gSA ^^ fe-ra[kk nkao&isp ds vkneh FksA pquko ds volj ij mEehnokjksa dks [kM+k djds muds
fy, dke djrs Fks vkSj vius fy, nl&chl gtkj dek ysrs FksA

fetkZ [kq'khZn gSV igurs FksA oksfVax ds le; pkSad iM+rs Fks vkSj us'kufyLVksa dh rjQ
ls oksV nsrs FksA

ekyrh fctyh ds laiknd vksadkjukFk ls iwNrh gS& ^^ rks vkids i= esa fons'kh oLrqvksa
ds foKkiu D;ksa gksrs gSa \ eSaus fdlh Hkh nwljs i= esa brus fons'kh foKkiu ugha ns[ksA vki
curs rks gSa vkn'kZoknh vkSj fl)karoknh] ij vius Qk;ns ds fy, ns'k dk /ku fons'kksa esa Hkstrs
gq, vkidks tjk Hkh [ksn ugha gksrkA^^

jk; lkgc dks yxrk gS fd Lora= Hkkjr esa tehankjh çFkk dk yksi gks tk,xkA ij os
viuh nqgjh pky esa lQy gksrs gSaA ,d rjQ vlkfe;ksa dks ywVrs gSa] ij os jk;lkgc dks
vPNk bUlku le>rs gSaA jk;lkgc lR;kxzg esa Hkkx ysrs gSa] ml rjQ vQljksa dks Mkfy;k¡
Mkyrs gSaA

37
v/;k; r`rh; ik=ksa dk pfj= fp=.k
pfj= & fp=.k%

gksjh %

gksjh xksnku miU;kl dk uk;d gSA blesa vkfn ls var rd gksjh dh n;uh; vkSj
la?k"kZ iw.kZ xkFkk dgh xbZ gSA og Hkkjrh; —"kd oxZ dk çfrfuf/k gS] tks lnSo 'kks"kd oxZ ds
gkFkksa ;kruk lgus dks etcwj gSA

ifjokj dk eqf[k;k & csykjh xk¡o dk gksjh vius ifjokj dk eqf[k;k gSA mlds ikl ikap
ch?kk tehu gSA iokj esa csVk xkscj] nks csfV;k¡ lksuk vkSj :ik rFkk iRuh /kfu;k gSaA og dej
rksM+ esgur djds Qly mitkrk gSA fQj Hkh mls nks oä HkjisV Hkkstu ulhc ugha gksrkA
viuh vko'd;rkvksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, mls le; & le; ij egktuksa ls dtZ ysuk
iM+rk gSA gkykafd og tkurk gS fd bl va/kh xyh ls NqVdkjk ikuk eqf'dy gS] fQj Hkh
ifjfLFkfr ls ykpkj cu tkrk gS A

og lksprk gS fd vxj nksuksa HkkbZ vyx u gq, gksrs rks] vkt mlds [ksr esa Hkh gy
py jgs gksrsA mlds cPpksa dks nw/k feyrkA /kfu;k dh tokuh vle; u <y xbZ gksrhA

/kfu;k tc xksgR;k dk nks"k nsdj ghjk dh rkSghu djrk gS] rks HkkbZ dh bTtr cpkus
gksjh csVs ds flj ij gkFk j[kdj lQsn >wB cksy nsrk gSA iqfyl dh ryk'kh ysus dks og ?kj
dh csbTtrh le>rk gSA blfy, dtkZ ysdj njksxk dks fj'or nsus dks rS;kj gks tkrk gSA

ghjk xk¡o NksM+dj pyk tkrk gS rks gksjh mldh [ksrh dekrk gS A og bls viuk /keZ
ekudj dke djrk tkrk gSA

csVk Hkkx tkus ij Hkh cgw >q fu;k dks vius ?kj ij j[kdj mlds dkj.k lekt esa
mBs coaMj dk eqdkcyk djrk gSA

38
 og dtkZ ysdj cM+h csVh lksuk dh 'kknh eFkqjk ls dj nsrk gS vkSj vHkko ds le;
cM+s varnZ~o} ds ckn oj i{k ls nks lkS #i;s ysdj v/ksM+ jkelsod dks nsrk gS] ysfdu bl
iSls dks dtZ ekudj ckn esa pqdk nsus dh ekufldrk cuk ysrk gSA

xkscj ds csVs ds fy, nw/k tqVkus ds fy, ,d xk; [kjhnuk pkgrk gSA blfy, dadM+
rksM+us dk dke djrk gSA mlds nksuksa Hkkb;ksa ds vyx gks tkus ij Hkh gksjh muls igys dh
rjg ln~Hkkouk j[krk FkkA ghjk dh iRuh iqfu;k dks cgw ekurk Fkk] ;|fi og cgqr >xM+kyw
LoHkko dh vkSjr FkhA

neM+h c¡lkSj pkS/kjh iqfu;k dks /kDdk nsrk gS rks gksjh dk [kwu [kkSy mBrk gSA og
pkS/kjh dks ,d ykr tekdj cksyrk gS & vc viuk Hkyk pkgrs gks pkS/kjh rks ;gk¡ ls pys
tkvks] ugha rqEgkjh yk'k mBsxhA rqeus vius dks le>k D;k gS \ rqEgkjh bruh etky fd
esjh cgw ij gkFk mBkvks \ vyx gksus ij Hkh ,d [kwu ds gksus ls og iqfu;k ds vieku dks
viuk vieku le>rk gSA og HkkbZ ghjk dh lgk;rk djus ds fy, iRuh /kfu;k dks Nks M+us
dks rS;kj gks tkrk gSA og lksprk gS & /kfu;k ls vc esjk dksbZ lEcU/k ugha] tgk¡ pkgs tk,A
og tc bTtr fcxkM+us ij vk xbZ] rks bl ?kj esa dSls jg ldrh gSA

[ksrh esa iqfu;k dh lgk;rk djus ij Hkh gksjh dh cnukeh gksrh gS fd mlus mldh
lkjh mit vius ?kj ys yh gSA ,glku ds cnys dyad yxus ij Hkh og viuh usdukeh ls
eq¡g ugha eksM+rkA viuk drZO; djrk tkrk gSA

O;ogkjdq'ky & gksjh jk;lkgc ds ;gk¡ cjkcj vkrk&tkrk jgrk gS rkfd mudh 'kqHk&–f"V
ml ij cuh jgsA muls feyus esa og xoZ dk vuqHko djrk jgrk gSA og lksprk gS &
ekfydksa ls feyrs&tqyrs jgus dk gh rks ;g çlkn gS fd lc mldk vknj djrs gSa] ugha
rks ikap ch?ks ds fdlku dh vkSdkr D;k gS \

fdlh Hkh le; t:jr iM+ tkus ij dtkZ fey lds] blfy, og egktuksa ls vPNk
lEca/k cuk, j[krk gSA og lkgwdkjksa ls g¡lh&etkd djds dtsZ nsuks dks Qqlykrk gSA og
iVs'ojh vkSj lkgwdkj dh [kq'kken djrk gS rks olwyh ds rdkts uje iM+ tkrs gSa vkSj iqjkuk
dtZ jgus ij Hkh u;k dtZ fey tkrk gSA gksjh jk;lkgc ds ukVd /kuq"k ;K esa ekyh dh
39
Hkwfedk esa vfHku; djds lcdks [kq'k dj nsrk gSA og iBku ds os"k esa vk, esgrk dks vius
dkcw esa blfy, ys tkrk gS fd og jk;lkgc dks lqj{kk ns ldsA

xjhc & gksjh cgqr xjhc gSA xjhch us mldh jh<+ rksM+ nh gSA noknk# u gks ldus ls mlds
rhu yM+ds cpiu esa gh ej x, FksA mlds lksyg lky ds yM+ds xkscj ds fy, nw/k rd
ugha fey ldk FkkA yxHkx pkyhl lky dh mez esa mlds fxjrs LokLF; dh vksj ladsr
djrs gq, /kfu;k dgrh gS &rqEgkjh n'kk ns[kdj eSa lw[kh tkrh gw¡ fd Hkxoku ;g cq<+kik dSls
dVsxk \ fdlds }kj ij Hkh[k ekaxsaxsA gksjh dgrk gS & lkBs rd igq¡pus dh ukScr u vk
ik,xh /kfu;kA blds igys gh py nsaxsA
og tc iqfu;k ds eVj ds [ksr dh esaM ij viuh eMS;k esa jkr dks lksus tkrk gS] rks
vius lkFk tUe ds igys ds dacy vkSj ikap lky igys cuokbZ xbZ QVh fetZbZ ys tkrk gS]
fQj Hkh cq<+kis dk lkFkh Fkk fookbZ ds QVs iSjksa dks isV es a Mky dj vkSj gkFkksa dks tk¡?kksa ds
chp esa nckdj vkSj daoy ls eq¡g fpikdj viuh xeZ lk¡l ls vius dks xeZ djus dh ps"Vk
djrk gSA

fdlku ls etnwj cu tkuk mlds thou dh lcls cM+h nnZukd etcwjh FkhA ekrknhu
ds ;gk¡ og etnwjh djrs le; mldh f>M+fd;k¡ lgrk gSA og dke djrs le; csgks'k Hkh
gks tkrk gSA

Bsdsnkj ds ;gk¡ iRFkj dh [kqnkbZ djrs le; mls yw yx tkrh gSA tks mlds thou
dk var dj nsrh gSA thou la?k"kZ esa ckj&ckj gkjus ds ckotwn og fgEer ugha gkjrk] cfYd
HkkX; ls yM+rk jgrk gSA

[ksrh dh e;kZnk dk j{kd & gksjh vkn'kZ —"kd gSA gj gkyr esa fdlkuh dks e;kZnktud
dk;Z ekurk gSA og tkurk gS fd [ksrh djus ls mlds ,d fnu dh etnwjh ,d vkus ls Hkh
de gksrh gSA fQj Hkh viuh e;kZnk dks cuk, j[kus ds fy, og [ksrh esa MVdj jguk pkgrk
gSA mlds fy, la?k"kZ djrk gSA og iq= xkscj ls dgrk gS & ^^[ksrh esa tks ejtkn gS] og
ukSdjh esa ugha gSA

40
Hkzkr`çes esa egku & vyx gks tkus ij Hkh gksjh vius nksuksa HkkbZ ghjk vkSj 'kksHkk ls çse djrk
gSA lc tc mlds ?kj ij xk; ns[kus vkrs gSa] og pkgrk gS fd mlds nksuksa HkkbZ Hkh xk;
ns[kus vk tk,¡A ghjk ml ij >wBk vkjksi yxkrk gS fd mlus ?kj ds iSlksa dk xcu fd;k
gSA ghjk mldh xk; dks ekj Mkyrk gS] fQj Hkh HkkbZ dks cpkus ds fy, og dgrk gS & esjk
lqcgk fdlh ij ugha gS] ljdkjA xk; viuh ekSr ls ejh gSA cw<+h gks xbZ Fkh og HkkbZ ds
fy, >wB cksyrk gS fd ghjk us xk; dks ugha ekjkA ghjk Hkkx tkrk gS rks og nq%[kh gksrk gSA
mlds ifjokj dk Hkkj laHkkyrk gSA lk<+s ikap lky ckn tc ghjk ykSVdj viuh jke dgkuh
lqukdj HkkbZ ls ekQh ekaxrk gS] rc gksjh dks csgn [kq'kh gksrh gSA
mnkj firk & gksjh ,d vkn'kZ firk gSA og gj le; cPpksa dk [k;ky j[krk gSA og lksprk
gS & xkscj dks ;fn nw/k fey ikrk rks fdruk vPNk toku cu tkrkA xkscj ?kj NksM+dj
pyk tkrk gSA vius eu esa iq= ds çfr dksbZ nqHkkZouk ugha gSA og uksgjh ls nks lkS #i;s
dtkZ ysdj lksuk dh 'kknh dj nsrk gSA etcwjh esa nks lkS #i;s ysdj jkelsod ls :ik dh
'kknh dj nsrk gSA

lh/kklknk vkneh & gksjh LoHkko ls ljy gSA og Ny&Nsn dh mM+rh gqbZ /kwy ls nwj jgrk
gSA og fdlh ds tyrs gq, ?kj esa gkFk lsaduk ugha tkurkA Hkksyk ds ikl Hkwlk u gksus dh
ckr lqudj cg fcnd tkrk gSA og xk; dh jLlh Hkksyk dks ykSVkrs gq, dgrk gS & #i;k
rks nknk esjs ikl ughaA gk¡ FkksM+k&lk Hkwlk cpk gSA og rqEgsa nw¡xkA pydj mBok yksA Hkwls
ds fy, rqe xk; cspksxs vkSj eSa yw¡xkA esjs gkFk u dV tk;saxsA vius ?kj esa Hkwls dh deh gksus
ds ckotwn og Hkksyk ds ?kj ij rhu [khapk Hkwlk igq¡pk nsrk gSA

;FkkFkZ pfj= & leLr xq.k&nks"kksa dks ysdj ,d ;FkkFkZ pfj= ds :i esa gksjh ikBdksa ds lkeus
vkrk gSA dqN Qk;nksa ds fy, gksjh lkekU; vkneh dh rjg dqN Hkwy dj cSBrk gSA

og Hkksyk dks lxkbZ dk >wBk vk'oklu nsdj xk; gfFk;kuk pkgrk gSA fQj Hkh mldh
vkRek mls f/kDdkjrh gSA og dgrk gS & ^^ fdlh HkkbZ dk uhyke ij p<+k gqvk cSy ysus esa
tks iki gS] og bl le; rqEgkjh xk; ysus esa gSA gksjh le>rk Fkk fd ladV dh pht ysuk
iki gSA

41
 og lksprk gS fd vxj og le; ij Hkksyk ds iSls pqdk ugha ldk] rks Hkksyk rxknk
djus vk,xk] fcxM+sxk] xkfy;k¡ nsxkA blls mls 'keZ ugha vk,xhA mls yxrk gS fd flf)
ds fy, FkksM+k&lk Ny djuk tk;t gSA og ekurk gS fd vius ikl dqN iSls gksus ij Hkh
egktu ls >wB dguk] csprs le; lu dks xhyk djuk] :bZ esa fcukSys Hkjuk vkfn nfjærk
dh etcwfj;k¡ gSa vkSj ;s cqjh ckrsa ugha gSaA

gksjh ck¡l csprs le; vius HkkbZ ls <kbZ #i;s dh csbekuh djus ds fy, neM+h calksj
ls lkaB& xkaB dj ysrk gSA vkf[kj pkS/kjh og nykyh ds iSls u nsdj lk<+s lkr #i, gksjh
ds gkFk Fkekdj dgrk gS &^Þ<kbZ #i;s ij viuk bZeku fcxkM+ jgs FksA eq>s mins'k nsrs gSaA
vHkh ijnk [kksy nwa rks flj uhpk gks tk,A^^ bl ?kVuk ls gksjh cgqr iNrkrk gSA og fdruk
yksHkh vkSj LokFkhZ gS] vkt irk pykA

[kfygku esa tc lkjk vukt rqy tkrk gS] tehankj vkSj egktu viuk gd ys tkus
ds ckn mlds ikl dsoy ikap lsj vukt cprk gS A blfy, og pqids ls jkrksajkr Hkwlk
fNik ysrk gSA

iqfu;k ij gkFk mBkus ls gksjh pkS/kjh dks ykr ekjrk gS ij [kqn lHkh ds lkeus /kfu;k
dks ihVrk gSA ij blls mls i'pkÙkki gS vkSj og ejrs le; /kfu;k ls ekQh ekax ysrk gSA

Hkksyk dks xk; ds #i, ykSVkus esa nsj gksus ls og xkyh lgus dks rS;kj gS] fQj lksprk
gS & tks vkneh Åij bruk fo'okl djs mlls nxk djuk uhprk gSA ,d le; og xkscj
dks vkylh ekurk A gS fQj dgrk gS fd bl mez esa ;g LokHkkfod gSA

HkkX;oknh & gksjh HkkX; vkSj deZ ij v[kaM fo'okl j[krk gS A og ekurk gS fd mldh
xjhch vkSj nq%[k & nqnZ'kk lHkh iwoZ tUe ds iki dk Qy gS A lc çdkj dk lq[k & Hkksx
jk;lkgc ds iwoZtUe ds iq.; dk Qy gS A ik[kaMh nkrknhu dk gksjh blfy, lEeku djrk
gS fd og czkã.k gSA C;kt dh nj vf/kd tkurs gq, Hkh og dtsZ dh ikbZ&ikbZ pqdk nsuk
pkgrk gSA mldk –<+ fo'okl gS fd czkã.k dk iSlk gjfxt ugha ipsxkA

og czkã.k vkSj iapksa dks bZ'oj ds çfrfuf/k ekudj muds vuqfpr QSlys dks flj

42
>qdk dj eku ysrk gS A blfy, og [kfygku dk lkjk vUu n.M ds :i esa ns nsrk gSA og
dgrk gS Þiap esa ijes'oj jgrs gSaA mldk tks U;k; gS og flj vk¡[kksa ijA^^

Hkksyk tc mlds ?kj ls cSy [kksydj ys tkus yxrk gS vkSj lHkh xk¡ookys gksjh ds
i{k esa rdZ j[krs gSa] rc gksjh dgrk gS & ^^ vxj rqEgkjk /keZ dgs rks cSy [kksy yksAß lpeqp
Hkksyk cSy ys tkrk gS bls HkkX; dk fo/kku ekudj gksjh lgus dks foo'k gks tkrk gSA og
csVs xkscj dks le>k nsrk gS fd NksV&
s cM+s Hkxoku ds ?kj ls cudj vkrs gSaA laifÙk cM+h
riL;k ls feyrh gSA

dtZ ds 'kks"k.k ls ?kk;y & dtkZ rks eq¡g ck;s gksjh dks fuxy tkus dks lrr rS;kj jgrk gSA
mlds lkgwdkj gSa & nkrknhu] eax:] lkgqvkbu] uksgjh] jkeLo:iA fcjknjh esa ukd u dVs
blfy, viuh vkSdkr ds fglkc ls og lkekftd dk;ksaZ esa [kpZ djrk gSA Hkkb;ksa ls vyx
gksrs le; mlus tks dtkZ fy;k Fkk] og c<+rk tkrk gS A mlus nkrknhu ls rhl #i, ysdj
vkyw cks, FksA vkyw pksj ys x,A vc dtkZ C;kt lfgr nks lkS #i, gSa A og lksprk gS bl
rjg lwn c<+rk tk,xk rks mldk ?kj }kj lc uhyke gks tk,xkA og etnwjh ls ,d v/ksM+
jkelsod ls :ik dh 'kknh djds nks lkS #i;s ysrk gSA mls ckn esa pqdkus dks eu cuk ysrk
gS fQj Hkh bl dk;Z ls mldh varjkRek foyki djrh gSA

/keZ dh e;kZnk dk j{kd & jk; lkgc xkspj ds fy, pkjkxkg NksM+ nsrs gSa rks gksjh mUgsa
çtkikyd ekurk gSA

og Lo;a /keZ dh e;kZnk dh j{kk djus ds fy, cgw >qfu;k dks ?kj esa j[kdj lkjh
dfBukb;k¡ >syrk gS] ij mls ?kj ls fudkyus dks rS;kj ugha gksrkA

fcjknjh dh e;kZnk dh j{kk djus ds fy, og lkjk xYyk flj ij <ksdj iapksa dks ns
nsrk gSA og edku dks fxjoh j[kdj naM Hkjrk gSA

ekrknhu tc flfy;k dk ifjR;kx dj nsrk gS] gksjh mls 'kj.k nsrk gSA og ekuork
dk vk¡py dHkh ugha NksM+rk] pkgs mlds fy, mls fdruh gh foifÙk D;ksa u lguh iM+sA

43
 gksjh /kfu;k dh QVdkj lgrk gSA iq= dk O;aX; & ck.k lgrk gSA egktu dh
xkfy;k¡] ekfyd dh /kefd;k¡ lc dqN lgdj ohj ;ks)k dh rjg thou laxzke esa yM+rk gSA
var esa og feV tkrk gSA mldh gkj gkj ugha gS] deZ ds fy, çsj.kk gSA og ej tkrk gS ij
ejdj vej gks tkrk gSA lkekftd O;oLFkk vkSj vkfFkZd raxh mls feydj ygw&yqgku dj
nsrh gSA fQj Hkh ,d —"kd ds :i esa viuk vfLrRo cuk, j[kus esa og vkçk.k ç;kl djrk
gSA
ys[kd dh jk; esa & thou ds lkjs ladV] lkjh fujk'kk,¡] ekuks mlds pj.kksa ij yksV jgh
FkhaA dkSu dgrk] thou & laxzke esa og gkjk gSA ;g mYykl] ;g g"kZ] ;g iqyd D;k gkj
ds y{k.k gSa A bUgha gkjksa esa mldh fot; gSA mlds VwV&
s QwVs oL= mldh fot; irkdk,¡
gSaA

gksjh vdsys esa iyk;uoknh yxrk gS] fojks/kh eukso`fÙk okyk yxrk gS] vius fu.kZ;
cnyrs gq, fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA og vius vki esa v/kwjk yxrk gS A ij mlds pfj= dks /kfu;k
iw.kZrk nsrh gSA ifr&iRuh feydj og iw.kZ O;fäRo dk çfrfuf/kRo djrs gSaA

/kfu;k %

/kfu;k gksjh dh iRuh gS A x`gLFk dh Hkêh esa lc dqN >ksaddj og NÙkhl lky dh
mez esa o`)k cu xbZ gS A mlds lkjs cky id x, gSa A psgjs ij >qfj;k¡ iM+ xbZ gSa A lqUnj
xsgqavk jax lkaoyk gks x;k gSA vk¡[kksa dks de lw>rk gS mlds rhu larkuksa dh ekSr gks xbZ A
vc csVk xkscj lksyg lky] ckjg lky dh lksuk vkSj lkr lky dh :ik gS A mldk eu
dgrk gS fd vxj noknk# Bhd ls gksrh rks os cp tkrsA

lkglh & /kfu;k xjhc gS] ij fdlh ls ugha MjrhA tks lgh gks vkSj tks eu esa vk,] mls cs
jksd Vksd cksy nsrh gSA mls yksx eq¡gtksj vkSj yM+kdw ekurs Fks A og tc viuh ckr ij
vM+ tkrh gS] rc lkekftd ca/ku dh ijokg ugha djrhA

og iq= xkscj tc fo/kok >qfu;k dks xHkZorh cukdj 'kgj Hkkx tkrk gS] /kfu;k lkgl
fn[kkdj >qfu;k dks vius ?kj esa j[k ysrh gS A lekt ds Mj ls mls ckgj ugha djrh oju~
iq= dh dk;jrk dks f/kDdkjrh gSA ekrknhu tc viuh j[kSy pekfju flfy;k dks ?kj ls
44
fudky nsrk gS rc og flfy;k dks vius ?kj esa 'kj.k nsrh gS A xk; dh bZ"kZ~;k djus okys
nsoj ghjk ds fy, djrh gS & losjk gksrs gh ykyk dks Fkkus ugha igq¡pk nw¡ rks vly cki dh
ughaA

iqfyl nkjksxk vkSj iap gksjh ls fj'or ysrs le; /kfu;k vaxksNs dks >Vd nsrh gS rks
#i;s tehu ij fc[kj tkrs gSaA og ukfxu dh rjg QqQdkjrh gS & vatqjh Hkj #i;s ysdj
pyk gS] bTtr cpkusA ,slh cM+h gS rsjh bTtrA og nkjksxk dh ryk'kh dh /kedh ls ugha

MjrhA

nkjksxk tc dgrk gS fd bl 'kSrku dh [kkyk us ghjk dks Qalkus ds fy, Lo;a tgj
fn;k gS] rc /kfu;k bldk eq¡g rksM+ tokc nsrh gS & gk¡ ns fn;k] viuh xk; dks ekj MkykA
rqEgkjh rgdhdkr esa ;gh fudyrk gS rks ;gh fy[k nksA iguk nks esjs gkFk esa gFkdfM+;k¡A
ns[k fy;k rqEgkjk U;k; vkSj rqEgkjh vDy dh nkSM+A og yydkj dj dgrh gS & eSa neM+h
Hkh ugha nwaxh] pkgs eq>s gkfde ds btykl rd gh p<+uk iM+As

og ogk¡ ds mifLFkr eqf[k;k] iVokjh] lkgwdkj fdlh dh ijokg ugha djrhA og dgrh
gS& ;g gR;kjs xk¡o ds eqf[k;k gSaA xjhcksa dk [kwu pwlusokys lwn & C;kt Ms<+h&lokbZ]
utj&utjkuk] ?kwl&?kkl tSls Hkh gks] xjhcksa dks ywVksA ml ij lqjkt pkfg,A tsy tkus ls
lqjkt u feysxk] lqjkt feysxk /kje ls] U;k; lsA njksxk /kfu;k dks dgrk gS & vkSjr fnysj
gSA nkrknhu >qfu;k dks ?kj ij j[kdj eqlhcr eksy u ysus dk lq>ko nsrk gS rks /kfu;k
fuHkhZdrk ls O;aX; dlrh gS & gedks dqy çfr"Bk bruh I;kjh ugha gS egkjkt fd mlds
ihNs ,d tho dh gR;k dj MkyrsA og muls dgrh gS tks dke cM+s&cM+s vkneh djrs gSa
muls dksbZ dqN ugha cksyrk A mudks dyad ugha yxrk A ij NksVs vkneh mls djrs gSa rks
mudh e;kZnk fcxM+ tkrh gSA mudh ukd dV tkrh gSA iapksa ds vU;k; vkSj naM dk fojks/k
djrs gq, /kfu;k dgrh gS & iapks ! xjhc dks lrkdj lq[k u ikvksxsA bruk le> ysuk] ge
rks feV tk,¡xs A dkSu tkus bl xk¡o esa jgsa] ;k u jgsa] ysfdu esjk ljki rqedks Hkh t:j gh
t:j yxsxkA

45
 gksjh Mk¡M Lohdkj djus dks dgrk gS rks /kfu;k nk¡r fdVfdVkdj dgrh gS & eSa u
,d nkuk nw¡xh u ,d dkSM+h Mk¡MA ftlesa cwrk gS pydj eq>ls ys ysA

fcjknjh ls fudky fn, tkus dh /kedh ml ij vlj ugha djrh gSA og dgrh gS &
^^fcjknjh esa jgdj gekjh eqdqr ugha gks tk,xhA vc Hkh vius ilhus dh dekbZ [kkrs gSa] rc
Hkh vius ilhus dh dekbZ [kk,¡xAs
^^gksjh iapksa dks lkjs #i;s ns nsrk gS rks /kfu;k mldks QVdkjrs gq, dgrh gS & u
gqDdk [kqyrk rks gekjk D;k fcxM+ tkrkA esjs lkeus cM+s cqf)eku curs gksA ckgj rqEgkjk
eq¡g D;ksa cUn gks tkrk gS \ og pkgrh gS fd gksjh dks iapksa ds vU;k; dk fojks/k djds
dguk Fkk fd ^rqe dgk¡ ds cM+s&cM+s /kekZRek gks^ tks nwljksa ij Mk¡M yxkrs fQjrs gksA rqEgkjk
rks eq¡g ns[kuk Hkh iki gSA^

og iapksa dks jk{kl ekurh gSA os Mk¡M ds cgkus xjhcksa dh tehu&tk;nkn Nhu ysuk
pkgrs gSaA og ifr dks le>krh gS & ^^rqe bu fi'kkpksa ls n;k dh vk'kk djrs gks A lksprs
gks nl&ikap eu fudkydj ns nsaxAs eq¡g /kks j[kksA

lR; dh 'kfä mls fuMj cuk nsrh gSA og vius fu.kZ; esa vfMx jgrh gSA

vkn'kZ ekrk & /kfu;k LoHkkor% Lusg'khy gSA og xkscj] lksuk vkSj :ik ls cgn I;kj djrh
gSA muds Åij dksbZ Hkh ladV vkus ugha nsrhA cgw >qfu;k ls og csVh dh rjg I;kj djrh
gSA Hkksyk gksjh ds ?kj ij vkdj >qfu;k dks Hkykcqjk dgrk gS rks tc >qfu;k ?kj ls fudy
tkus dks rS;kj gksrh gS rks /kfu;k dk ekr`çse meM+ iM+rk gSA mls ?kj ds Hkhrj tkus dk
vkns'k nsdj iwjk laj{k.k nsrh gSA >qfu;k bl ?kVuk ls bruh çHkkfor gksrh gSA og viuh
vfHkyk"kk O;ä djrh gS & Hkxoku eq>s fQj tUe nsa rks rqEgkjh dks[k esa nsaA^

ckn esa tc xkscj >qfu;k dks 'kgj ys tkus dks pkgrk gS] /kfu;k bldk fojks/k djrh
gS A iq= dks nks"kh u ekudj >qfu;k dks ukfxu ekurh gS og lksprh gS fd ;g Mkbu cudj
iq= dks mlls Nhu ysrh gSA

46
 og iksrs dks cgqr I;kj djrh gSA mls mcVu eyrh] dkty yxkrh] lqykrh vkSj I;kj
djrh gSA ij og nwj pys tkus ij mldh vkRek jks mBrh gSA

xkscj mls Hkyk&cqjk dgrk gSA tkrs le; ek¡ ds iSj Nwus ls budkj dj nsrk gSA
xkscj pyk tkrk gS rks /kfu;k jks iM+rh gSA mls bruk nq%[k gks jgk gS ekuks dksbZ mlds ân;
dks phj jgk gksA
ghjk xk; dks fo"k ns nsrk gS rks igys og mls fo'okl ugha dj ikrh] D;ksafd mlus
ghjk dks ikyk gSA Lusg fn;k gSA

jkelsod ds lkFk viuh csVh dks fookg nsuk og ugha pkgrh FkhA ij etcwjh ls ckn
esa jkth gks tkrh gSA

vkn'kZ iRuh & lgu'khy /kfu;k nwljksa ds fy, d"V lgrh gSA la;qä ifjokj esa
nsoj&nsojkfu;ksa ds fy, d"V lgrh gSA vkjke dh jksVh ugha feyrh fQj Hkh drZ~rO; ls dHkh
ugha fMxrhA >qfu;k vkSj flfy;k dks vius ?kj 'kj.k nsrh gSA muds fy, d"V lgrh gS] ij
g¡lrs & g¡lrs nq%[k ds fo"k dks ih tkrh gSA gksjh ;FkkFkZ :i ls mlds fy, dgrk gS &
^^cspkjh tc ls ?kj esa vkbZ] dHkh Hkh vkjke ls cSBhA Mksyh ls mrjrs gh lkjk dke flj ij
mBk fy;k A rc nsojksa ds fy, ejrh FkhA vc cPpksa ds fy, ejrh gSA

/kfu;k dks ?kj ds fy, isV&ru dkVuk iM+k gSA ,d&,d yÙks ds fy, thou Hkj
rjlh gS A mlus ,d&,d iSlk çk.kksa dh rjg lafpr fd;k gS A vHkko esa lHkh dks f[kykdj
mls ikuh ihdj lksuk iM+k gS A

gksjh vkos'k esa vkdj /kfu;k dh vksj yidrk gS A lHkh ds lkeus csbTtrh gksus ls
/kfu;k dks Bsl yxrh gS A ij tc gksjh dks Toj vk;k rks mldh eerk tkxrh gS & og
lksprh gS & yk[k cqjk gks] ij mlh ds lkFk thou ds iPphl lky dVs gSa A lq[k fd;k gS
rks mlhds lkFk] nq%[k Hkksxk gS rks mlh ds lkFk A vc pkgs og vPNk gS ;k cqjk] viuk gS A

47
 og xk; [kjhnus dh ykylk ls ifr ds lkFk nsj jkr rd lqryh dkrrh gS A dke
djrs le; gksjh dks yw yx tkrh gS A /kfu;k nkSM+dj vkrh gS A og gksjh dks Nwrh gS rks
mldk dystk lu ls gks x;k A og jksrh gS] vke Hkwudj iuk cukdj fiykrh gS A gksjh ds
'kjhj ij xsagw¡ dh Hkwlh dh ekfy'k djrh gS A yksx xksnku ds fy, dgrs gSaA og lqryh
cspdj j[ks x, chl vkus iSls ifr ds BaMs gkFk esa j[kdj nkrknhu ls dgrh gS & ^^egkjkt]
?kj esa u xk; gS] u cfN;k] u iSlk A ;gh iSls gSa] ;gh budk xksnku gSA ^^ fQj og iNkM+
[kkdj fxj iM+rh gS A /kfu;k tks d"V lgrh gS] og vius fy, ugha] oju~ ifjokj ds fy,
vkSj U;k;iFk ij pyus okys vlgk;ksa ds fy,A og vlgk;ksa ds fy, ftruk dksey gS]
vR;kpkfj;ksa ds fy, mruk dBksj gS A og LokfHkekuh vkSj lkglh gksus ds ukrs lHkh vU;k;ksa
dk MVdj fojks/k djrh gSA xk¡o dh lkjh ?kVukvksa ds dsaæ esa ogh gS A og miU;kl dh
ukf;dk gSA gksjh dh lg/kfeZ.kh vkSj lgdfeZ.kh Hkh gSA og gksjh ds pfj= dks iw.kZrk çnku
djrh gSA mlds fcuk gksjh dk thou v/kwjk yxrk gSA

tc gksjh ij ladV eaMjkrk gS] /kfu;k cspkSu gks tkrh gS A mldh j{kk djus rS;kj
jgrh gSA og pkgrh gS fd mldk loZLo pys tkus ij Hkh ifr ldq'ky jgsa A etkd esa gksjh
dgrk gS og lkB lky dh mez rd jg ugha ik,xk A ;g lqudj /kfu;k dk¡i tkrh gS ri
vkSj ozr ls vius ifr dks vHk;nku ns jgh Fkh A og tSls vius ukjhRo ds laiw.kZ /kfu;k
;kSou dky esa cgqr lqUnj Fkh A mlds }kj ij iVs'ojh f>axqjh flag pDdj yxkrs Fks A fdlh
dks dqN dgus dk lkgl u FkkA iVs'ojh dks mlus ,slk eq¡g rksM+ tokc ns fn;k Fkk fd
mls og Hkwy u ldkA

og Lo;a ifrozrk FkhA blfy, ifrozrk flfy;k dks vius ?kj esa txg nsrh gS A og
ifr dk iFk&çn'kZu djrh gSA ij ljy gksjh /keZ] fcjknjh] e;kZnk vkSj iapksa vkfn ds Mj
ls lc vulquk dj nsrk gS vkSj d"V lgrk gS A

/kfu;k ifr dks MkaVrh gS] ifr ds dkj.k HkkX; ij jksrh gSA ysfdu og nwljksa ds
lkeus ifr dh j{kk djrh gSA ifr dk i{k ysdj xkscj ls fcjknjh esa jgus dh etcwjh ij

48
çdk'k Mkyrh gqbZ dgrh gS & ^^csVk rqe Hkh va/ksj djrs gks A gqDdk ikuh can gks tkrk] rks
xk¡o esa fuokZg gksrk ! toku yM+dh cSBh gS A mldk Hkh dgha fBdkuk yxkuk gS fd ugha \^^

vuqHko laiUu ukjh & /kfu;k xk¡o ds yksxksa dh bZ";kZ vkSj ij & nq%[k foHkksjrk vkfn
xq.kksa ls ifjfpr gS A blfy, xk; dks lgh lyker j[kus ds fy, vk¡xu esa uk¡n xM+okuk
pkgrh gSA ghjk ls >xM+k gksus ij ghjk mls twrs ekjus dh /kedh nsrk gS rks lc ghjk ds
f[kykQ gks tkrs gSa A /kfu;k bl volj dk Qk;nk mBkdj ghjk dks /kDdk nsdj fxjk
nsrh gSA blls mldk QkSyknh O;fäRo mHkj dj lkeus vk tkrk gSA og ekurh gS fd
tehankj ds tsy tkus ls lqjkt ugha feyrkA /keZ vkSj U;k; ij vk/kkfjr lekt esa xjhcksa
dks dqN jkgr feysxh rks ogh lqjkt gksxkA

og Hkksyk dks ltx djk nsrh gS fd rqeus uksgjh ls 'kknh djds vPNk ugha fd;k A
og dgrh gS & vkSjr dks vius o'k esa j[kus dk cwrk u Fkk] rks lxkbZ D;ksa dh Fkh \ og
Li"V dj nsrh gS fd og iRuh lsok dj ldrh gS] ftlus rqEgkjs lkFk tokuh dk lq[k mBk;k
gksA

dHkh&dHkh /kfu;k ds pfj= esa fojks/kkHkkl feyrk gSA xk; vkus ij og [kq'k gksrh gSA
ij vukxr foifÙk dh 'kadk ls Mj tkrh gSA xk; ej tkrh gS rks dgrh dgrh gS & ^^ bl
fuxksM+h xk; dk iSj ftl fnu ls vk;k] ?kj rgl&ugl gks x;kA

gksjh ds fopkj ls lger u gksdj og ifr ij fcxM+rh gS rks nwljs {k.k esa mldh
vlgk;rk ns[kdj æfor gks tkrh gSA

gksjh dks cgqr I;kj djrh gSA Lo;a feVdj mls lgh lyker j[kuk pkgrh gS] ij
dHkh& dHkh Hkyk&cqjk dg nsrh gSA

dHkh xkscj dks I;kj djrh gS] dHkh nks"k nsrh gSA dHkh cgw dks I;kj djrh gS] dHkh
ukfxu dgrh gSA

og ,d cfgeqZ[kh ik= gSA eu ds nq%[k dks Øks/k :i esa çdV dj nsrh gS] ysfdu ,d
vkn'kZ x`g.kh ds :i esa viuk drZ~rO; lgh :i ls fuHkkrh gSA
49
xkscj % xkscj gksjh vkSj /kfu;k dk csVk gSA mldk LoHkko vius firk ls foijhr gSA og
çR;sd vU;k; dk fojks/k djrk gSA og ubZ ih<+h ds vlarks"k dk çrhd gSA /keZHkh#rk] ljyrk
vkSj HkkX;okfnrk ds dkj.k rFkk lkgwdkj ds dtsZ dh pDdh esa fil tkus ds dkj.k firk dh
vlgk;rk ns[kdj xkscj foæksgh euksHkko laiUu uo;qod cu tkrk gSA mlds pfj= esa fofHkUu
?kkr&çfr?kkr ds chp fodkl fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA mls fdlkuh esa dksbZ e;kZnk fn[kkbZ ugha
iM+rhA mldk fl)kar gS fd iSlk gh lc dqN gSA mlds fopkj ls Þftlds lkFk pkj iSls
xe [kkvks ogh viukA [kkyh gkFk rks ek¡ & cki Hkh ugha iwNrsAß Hkksyk ds ?kj ij Hkwlk ysrs
le; vkSj xk; laca/k LFkkfir gks tkrk gSA >qfu;k ls mlds ljy ;qod & xkscj ,d ljy
;qod gS ykrs le; mldh fo/kok csVh >qfu;k ls mldk çse feyus dh iwoZ fLFkfr bl çdkj
Fkh & mldh –f"V esa vHkh mlds ;kSou esa dsoy Qwy yxs Fks] tc rd Qy u yx tk,¡
ml ij <sys Qsaduk O;FkZ ckr Fkh vkSj fdlh vksj ls çksRlkgu u ikdj mldk dkSek;Z mlds
xys ls fpidk gqvk FkkA

og >qfu;k ls 'kkjhfjd laca/k j[kdj mls tc xHkZorh dj nsrk gS] rc ek¡&cki] lekt
fdlh dk lkeuk djus dh rkdr mlesa ugha jg tkrh A og Qqlykdj >qfu;k dks vius ?kj
rd igq¡pkdj Nqidj 'kgj Hkkx tkrk gSA og le>rk gS fd og /ku dekdj ?kj ykSVsxk rks
/ku ds cy ij xk¡ookyksa dk eq¡g can dj nsxk vkSj nknk & vEek mls dqy&dyad u le>
dj dqy fryd le>saxsA

fetkZ [kq'khZn dh j{kk djrs gq, gM+rky esa og fiV x;k A cqjh rjg ?kk;y gqvkA gkFk
dh gM~gh VwV xbZA >qfu;k mldh lsok djrh gSA xkscj dks yxrk gS fd iRuh dks lrkus dk
Qy mls feyk gSA

>qfu;k etnwjh djds ifjokj pykus yxrh gSA rks xkscj dk ân; ifjorZu gks tkrk
gSA og ekuks çk;f'pr djus dks rS;kj gks tkrk gSA mlds thou dk :i cny tkrk gSA
mlds eu esa iw¡thoknh lekt & O;oLFkk ds çfr vkØks'k gS] ij ekufld –<+rk ds vHkko esa
og Økafrdkjh ugha cu ikrkA

50
O;ogkj dq'ky & xkscj viuh O;ogkj dq'kyrk ls Hkksyk dk Øks/k 'kkar dj nsrk gSA og tc
dgrk gS &^dkdk] eq>ls tks dqN Hkwy&pwd gqbZ] mls {kek djks rc Hkksyk çlUu gks tkrk gSA
og uks[ksjke dks Øks/k fn[kkdj vkSj lkjh ckrsa tehankj jk;lkgc vejlky flag rd igq¡pkus
dh /kedh nsdj lh/ks jkLrs ij ys vkrk gSA nqckjk yxku olwy djus ds fopkj ls uks[ksjke
fojr gks tkrk gSA xkscj viuh fe= eaMyh ls feydj ukVd [ksydj lHkh dk fç; ik=
curk gSA
funZ; & og >qfu;k dks xHkZorh djds vius ?kj rd igq¡pkdj 'kgj Hkkx tkrk gSA ftldk
thou Hkj lkFk nsus dk oknk fd;k Fkk] mls Hkwy & lk tkrk gSA 'kgj tkrs le; viuh ek¡
ls >xM+rk gS] ik¡o ugha Nwrk] ek¡ ds fny dks nq%[k igq¡pkrk gSA firk dks Hkh tyh&dVh
lqukrk gSA mudh ljyrk dh f[kYyh mM+krk gSA cgkuk cukdj >qfu;k dks ihVrk gS A
xHkZorh >qfu;k dh larku ds tUe gksus dh dksbZ lko/kkuh ugha cjrrk gSA vius csVs dh ekSr
mls mruk ugha [kyrhA

vU;k; ds çfr foæksgh rsoj & xkscj tkurk gS fd tehankj] lkgwdkj 'kks"k.k vkSj vU;k; dk
tky QSykdj xk¡o ds fujhg fdlkuksa dh n'kk cnrj dj nsrs gSa A blfy, og ugha pkgrk
fd firk tehankj dh pkiywlh djsA og muls dgrk gS & ^^ ;g rqe jkst&jkst ekfydksa dh
[kq'kken djus D;ksa tkrs gks \ ckdh u pqds rks I;knk vkdj xkfy;k¡ cdrk gS A csxkj nsuh
gh iM+rh gSA utj & utjkuk lc rks gels Hkjk;k tkrk gS A fQj fdlh dks D;ksa lyke
djsaA tehankj vejiky flag viuh fLFkfr ls vlarks"k O;ä djrs gSaA fdlkuksa ds i{k esa gksus
dh ckr djrs gSaA os vly esa 'kks"kd oxZ ds gSaA xkscj mudh pky le> ldrk gS A og
dgrk gS fd ;fn tehankj viuh fLFkfr ls vlarq"V gS rks og viuk bykdk ns ns vkSj cnys
esa mlds [ksr] cSy gy vkSj dqnky ys ys A og tehankj dh /kwrZrk dh vksj ladsr djrs gq,
dgrk gS & ^^ ftls nq%[k gksrk gS] og ntZuksa eksVj ugha j[krk] egyksa esa ugha jgrk] gyok
iwjk ugha [kkrk vkSj u ukp & jax esa fyIr jgrk gSA^^ og tkurk gS fd ftlds gkFk esa jgrh
ykBh gS] og xjhcksa dks dqpy Mkyrk gS A

dkfjank uks[ksjke gksjh ls yxku olwy dj ysrk gS] ij jlhn ugha nsrkA og yxku
nqckjk ysus dh ealk ysdj gksjh ds ;gk¡ I;knk Hkstrk gS rks xkscj vkx ccwyk gksdj tkdj
51
uks[ksjke dks Mk¡Vrk gSA og uks[ksjke ls dgrk gS fd eSa vnkyr esa xaxktyh mBokdj #i;s
nw¡xkA rqe jlhn u nsus dk çek.k dj nw¡xk A bruk lqudj uks[ksjke uje iM+ tkrk gS] rqe
FkksM+s ls #i, ds fy, >wB FkksM+s gh cksyksxs dg dj mldh [kq'kken djrk gSA

HkkX; esa vfo'okl & xkscj HkkX;oknh ugha gSA og ekurk gS fd fdlkuksa ds nq%[k dk dkj.k
HkkX; ugha] cfYd egktuksa & lkgwdkjksa dk dqpØ gSA og czkã.kksa ds deZdk.M vkSj HkkX;fo/kku
ij fo'okl ugha djrkA og firk ls dgrk gS fd Hkxoku us lHkh dks cjkcj cuk;k gSA og
ekurk gS fd gesa viuk HkkX; Lo;a cukuk gksxkA viuh cqf) vkSj lkgl ls bu vkQrksa ij
fot; ikuk gksxkA^^

/kuoku oxZ ds /keZ&Hkko vkSj iwtk&ikB dks og ik[kaM ekurk gSA og pqukSrh nsrk gS
fd ;fn os Hkw[ks & uaxs jgdj iwtk & Hktu djsa] rks ge ns[ksaA ,d fnu [ksr esa bZ[k xksM+uk
iM+s rks os lkjh Hkfä Hkwy tk;saxsA

lkglh & xkscj lkglh gS A og jk;lkgc ds nks"kksa dh vkykspuk djrk gS A nkrknhu dks
/kedkrk gSA uks[ksjke dh xyfr;ksa dk HkaMkQksM+ djrk gSA mls ns[kdj pkSiky ds lkgwdkj
oxZ Hk;Hkhr gks tkrs gSaA

dkuwu dk tkudkj og 'kgj esa jgdj jktuhfrd vkSj dkuwuh –f"V ls ltx gks
tkrk gSA lHkkvksa esa vkus&tkus ls jk"Vª vkSj oxZ dk vFkZ le>us yxk gSA lkekftd :f<+;ksa
vkSj yksd & fuank dk Hk; mlesa de gks tkrk gSA nkrknhu dks fglkc yxkdj mlds C;kt
dk ifjek.k crk nsrk gS yxku pqdkrs le; jlhn ysus ij tksj nsrk gSA og firk ls dgrk
gS fd ;fn og jlhn ugha nsrk rks Mkd ls #i;k Hkstks rkfd & /kka/kyh u gks ikosA og
lkgwdkjksa dh djrwrksa dks mtkxj djus ds fy, mUgsa vnkyr esa [khapus dh /kedh nsrk gSA
gksyh ij eqf[k;k dk O;aX; djrk gS rks gksjh lksprk gS & yM+ds dh vDy tSls [kqy xbZ gSA
dSlh csykx ckr dgrk gS A

LokFkhZ & xkscj vius vkpj.k ls ljy gksrs gq, Hkh LokFkhZ çrhr gksrk gSA og >qfu;k dks
xHkZorh dj nsrk gSA mls vius ?kj igq¡pk dj nsj ls vkus dk oknk djds pqi ls 'kgj pyk
tkrk gSA og [kcj ugha j[krk fd >qfu;k dk fQj D;k gqvk \
52
 og 'kgj esa tkdj igys fetkZ [kq'khZn ds ikl dke djrk gS] muds ;gk¡ jgrk gSA ij
ckn esa tc fetkZ [kq'khZn ls ikap #i;k m/kkj ekaxrk gS] rks og iSls ugha gS dgdj ckr Vky
nsrk gSA og vglku ugha ekurkA iSls okil ugha feysaxs] ;g tkudj cgkuk cuk nsrk gSA
og mlh le; vYyknhu dks #i, m/kkj nsrk gSA firk mldk ikyu&iks"k.k djds mls cM+k
djrs gSaA og muds eq¡g ij dgrk gS fd og ykokfjl dh rjg c<+k gSA xkscj LokFkhZ cu dj
ek¡&cki ds lius pwj&pwj dj nsrk gSA

ek¡&cki fdruh esgur djrs gSaA fdruk d"V mBkrs gSaA ij og ek¡ ls >xM+rk gS A
'kgj tkrs le; ek¡ ls ckr ugha djrkA ikao ugha NwrkA Øks/k ls ;gk¡ rd dg nsrk gS fd eSa
mls viuh ekrk ugha le>rkA og lkQ dg nsrk gS fd eSa firk dk dtkZ ugha pqdk ldrk
vkSj cguksa dh 'kknh ugha dj ldrkA xkscj u;h ih<+h dk çfrfuf/k gSA ekyrh & esgrk ds
laidZ esa vkdj mlds vkpj.k ekftZr gksrk gSA mls viuh lkekftd vkfFkZd fLFkfr mldh
bPNk dks lkdkj gksus ugha nsrhA og iyk;uoknh cu tkrk gSA

M‚- esgrk % M‚- esgrk ;qfuoflZVh esa n'kZu 'kkL= ds v/;kid gSa A os vk/kqfud f'kf{kr vkSj
cqf)thoh gSaA lekt esa mifLFkr lHkh leL;kvksa ij os viuk fopkj j[krs gSa A os 'kgjh ik=ksa
dh ekufldrk dk çfrfuf/kRo djrs gSaA

muds pfj= esa fuEufyf[kr fo'ks"krk,¡ gSa &

yTtk'khyrk & esgrk vfookfgr gSaA os efgykvksa dh lHkk lkslkbVh esa ?kcjk tkrsA ys[kd
us muds ckjs esa crk;k gS fcuk C;kgs vkSj uo;qx dh jef.k;ksa ls iukg ekaxrs FksA iq#"kksa dh
eaMyh esa [kwc pgdrs FksA exj T;ksagh dksbZ efgyk vkbZ] vkidh tcku can gqbZ ; tSls cqf)
ij rkyk yx tkrk FkkA fL=;ksa ls fof'k"V O;ogkj djus rd dh lqf/k u jgrh FkhA

Li"Voknh & esgrk Li"Voknh gSaA os lp cksyus ls dHkh ugha drjkrsA os fdlh dh fujFkZd
[kq'kken Hkh ugha djrsA os ekyrh esa vPNkbZ ns[kdj mldk fygkt djrs gSa vkSj mldh vksj
vk—"V Hkh gks tkrs gSaA ijarq f'kdkj [ksyus ds volj ij ,d dywVh taxyh L=h ds lkFk
esgrk tc e/kqj ckrphr djrs gSa] rc ekyrh bZ"kZ~;kfUor gks tkrh gSA bl ij esgrk fu%ladksp

53
viuh fVIi.kh nsrs gSa & dqN ckrsa rks mlesa ,slh gSa fd vxj rqe esa gksrh rks rqe lpeqp nsoh
gks tkrhA
ys[kd çsepUn esgrk ds Hkk"k.k ds laca/k esa dgrs gSa & ^^esgrk dks dVq lR; dgus esa
ladksp u gksrk FkkA esgrk lkgc fL=;ksa dh lHkk esa tks Hkk"k.k nsrs gSa vkSj fL=;ksa ds lkeus
tks mudh dVq vkSj fu"Bqj vkykspuk djrs gSa] og Hkh mudh Li"Vokfnrk dk çek.k gS A

esgrk 'kknh ds laca/k esa viuk Li"V fopkj jk;lkgc dks lquk nsrs gSa & ^^ {kek
dhft,xk vki ,slk ç'u ysdj vk, gSa fd ml ij xaHkhj fopkj djuk eSa gkL;kLin le>rk
gw¡ A vki viuh 'kknh ds ftEesnkj gks ldrs gSa] yM+ds dh 'kknh dk nkf;Ro D;ksa vius Åij
ysrs gSa] [kkldj tc vkidk yM+dk ckfyx gS vkSj viuk uQk&uqdlku le>rk gS A de
ls de eSa rks 'kknh tSls egRo ds eqdkcys esa çfr"Bk dk dksbZ LFkku ugha le>rk Aß

esgrk nksgjh thou & –f"V ls uQjr djrs gSa A mudk fopkj gS fd vxj ekal [kkuk ilan
gS rks [kqydj [kkvksA cqjk le>rs gks rks er [kkvksA ij cqjk le>uk vkSj fNidj [kkuk
/kwrZrk gS] dk;jrk gSA

os jk;lkgc ls dgrs gSa & ^^ ekurk gw¡ vkidk vius vknfe;ksa ds lkFk cgqr vPNk
crkZo gS] exj ç'u ;g gS fd mlesa LokFkZ gS ;k ughaA mlesa ,d dkj.k D;k ;g ugha gks
ldrk fd e/;e vk¡p esa Hkkstu Lokfn"V idrk gSA xqM+ ls ekjus okyk tgj ls ekjus okys
dh vis{kk dgha vf/kd lQy gks ldrk gSA ^^

Hkkoqd vkSj laosnu'khy & esgrk Hkkoqd vkSj laosnu'khy O;fä gSaA xksfoanh ds nq%[k ls æfor
gksdj os dgrs gSa & ^^ eq>s u ekywe Fkk vki muls bruh nq%[kh gSa] esjh cqf) dk nks"k] vk¡[kksa
dk nks"k] dYiuk dk nks"k vkSj D;k dgw¡] ojuk vkidks bruh osnuk D;ksa lguh iM+rh \^^

/ku & esgrk dh –f"V ls /ku dsoy thou fuokZg ds lk/ku ds :i esa egÙo j[krk gSA
lkekftd fo"kerk dks dsoy /ku ds leku forj.k ls feVk;k ugha tk ldrkA D;ksafd
NksVs&cM+s dk Hksn dsoy /ku ls ugha gksrkA /kudqcsj fHk{kqvksa ds ikao iM+rs gSaA jktk Hkh :i
ds lkeus fou; & Hkko fn[kkrs gSaA

54
fookg & fookg ds laca/k esa esgrk vksadkjukFk dks crkrs gSa & ^^ eSa le>rk gw¡ eqä Hkksx vkRek
ds fodkl esa ck/kd ugha gksrkA fookg rks vkRek dks vkSj thou dks fiatjs esa can dj nsrk
gSaA^^ Þfookg dks eSa lkekftd le>kSrk le>rk gw¡ vkSj mls rksM+us dk vf/kdkj u iq#"k dks
gS] u L=h dks A le>kSrk djus ds igys Lok/khu gSa] le>kSrk gks tkus ds ckn vkids gkFk
dV tkrs gSa A esgrk lekt dh –f"V ls fookfgr thou dks vkSj O;fä dh –f"V ls vfookfgr
thou dks Js"B ekurs gSaA

thou & esgrk dh jk; esa ço`fÙk vkSj fuo`fÙk nksuksa ds chp esa lsok & ekxZ thou dks lkFkZd
cuk ldrk gS A esgrk thou ds laca/k esa xksfoanh dks crkrs gSa & ^^ thou esjs fy, vkuUne;
ØhM+k gS] ljy] LoPNUn] tgk¡ dqRlk] bZ"kZ~;k vkSj tyu ds fy, dksbZ LFkku ugha A eSa Hkwr dh
fpark ugha djrk] Hkfo"; dh ijokg ugha djrk A esjs fy, orZeku lc dqN gSA^^

L=h dh ifjHkk"kk & esgrk fetkZ [kq'khZn dks L=h dh ifjHkk"kk bl çdkj crkrs gSa & ^^ L=h
i`Foh dh Hkk¡fr /kS;Zoku gS] 'kkafrlaiUu gSA lfg".kq gS A lalkj esa tks dqN lqUnj gS] mlh dh
çfrek dks esa L=h dgrk gw¡A eSa mlls ;gh vk'kk j[krk gw¡ fd mls ekj gh Mkyw¡ rks Hkh
çfrfgalk dk Hkko mlesa u vk,A vxj eSa mldh vk¡[kksa ds lkeus fdlh L=h dks I;kj d:¡]
rks Hkh mldh bZ"kZ~;k u tkxsA ,slh ukjh ikdj eSa mlds pj.kksa esa fxj iMwaxk vkSj ml ij
vius dks viZ.k dj nw¡xkA^^

L=h iq#"k dh ;FkkFkZ fLFkfr ds laca/k esa esgrk dk fopkj bl çdkj gS & ^^ esjs tsgu
esa vkSjr oQk vkSj R;kx dh ewfrZ gS] tks viuh cstckuh ls] viuh dqckZuh ls vius dks fcydqy
feVkdj ifr dh vkRek dk va'k cu tkrh gSA^^ felst [kUuk dh rkjhQ djrs gq, esgrk
dgrs gSa & ^^eSa ,slh chch pkgrk gw¡ tks esjs thou dks ifo= vkSj mToy cuk ns] vius çse
vkSj R;kx lsA^^

fL=;ksa ds ik'pk'R; :i dk fojks/k djrs gq, esgrk dgrs gSa & ^^eq>s [ksn gS & gekjh
cfgusa if'pe dk vkn'kZ ys jgh gSa] tgk¡ ukjh us viuk in [kks fn;k gS vkSj Lokfeuh ls
fxjdj foykl dh oLrq cu xbZ gSA if'pe dh L=h LoPNUn gksuk pkgrh gS] blfy, fd og
vf/kd ls vf/kd foykl dj ldsA gekjh ekrkvksa dk vkn'kZ dHkh foykl ugha jgkA^^
55
 lUnHkZ xzUFk lwph

1- jkefoykl] 'kekZ ¼2008½- çsepan vkSj mudk ;qx- uà fnYyh% jktdey çdk'ku- i`ñ
17- vkÃñ,lñchñ,uñ 978&81&267&0505&4-
2- jkefoykl] 'kekZ ¼2008½- çsepan vkSj mudk ;qx- uà fnYyh% jktdey çdk'ku- i`ñ
18- vkÃñ,lñchñ,uñ 978&81&267&0505&4-
3- jkefoykl 'kekZ] çsepan vkSj mudk ;qx] jktdey çdk'ku] uà fnYyh] 1995] i`"B
15
4- jkefoykl] 'kekZ ¼2008½- çsepan vkSj mudk ;qx- uà fnYyh% jktdey çdk'ku- i`ñ
vkÃñ,lñchñ,uñ 978&81&267&0505&4-
5- ckgjh] M‚ñ gjnso ¼ƒ‹Šˆ½- lkfgR; dks'k] Hkkx&2]- okjk.klh% KkueaMy fyfeVsM- i`ñ
…‡ˆ-

56