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LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku dk izkFkfed fo|ky; LoPNrk ij izHkko dk l{we v/;;u % cjsyh
uxj {ks= ds fo”ks’k lUnHkZ esa

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 International Journal of Applied Research 2016 ; 2(8): 838-841
ISSN Print: 2394-7500
ISSN Online: 2394-5869
Impact Factor: 5.2
IJAR 2016; 2(8): 838-841
www.allresearchjournal.com
Received: 18-07-2016
Accepted: 19-08-2016
Mk0 eksgEen bljkj [kk¡
lgk;d izksQslj] O;ogkfjd ,oa
{ks=h; vFkZ'kkL= foHkkx] egkRek
T;ksfrck Qwys :gsy[k.M
fo'ofo|ky;] cjsyh] mRrj]
izns”k] HkkjrA
twyh flag
'kks/k Nk=k] O;ogkfjd ,oa {ks=h;
vFkZ'kkL= foHkkx] egkRek
T;ksfrck Qwys :gsy[k.M
fo'ofo|ky;] cjsyh] mRrj]
izns”k] HkkjrA
Correspondence
Mk0 eksgEen bljkj [kk¡
lgk;d izksQslj] O;ogkfjd ,oa
{ks=h; vFkZ'kkL= foHkkx] egkRek
T;ksfrck Qwys :gsy[k.M
fo'ofo|ky;] cjsyh] mRrj]
izns”k] HkkjrA
LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku dk izkFkfed fo|ky; LoPNrk ij izHkko dk lw{e
v/;;u % cjsyh uxj {ks= ds fo”ks’k lUnHkZ esa
Mk0 eksgEen bljkj [kk¡] twyh flag
lkjka”k
orZeku “kks/k esa LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku dh izxfr ,oa tu LoHkko rFkk tu lg;ksx tSlk oLrqfu’B pjksa dk
lekykspukRed ewY;kadu fd;k x;k gSA ;g ;kstuk D;k gS\ vkSj bl ;kstuk ds ek/;e ls ge fdl
izdkj LoPNrk dks izkIr dj ldrs gSA bl ;kstuk ds ek/;e ls D;k dk;Z fd;s tk jgs gS\ rFkk bu yksxksa
dks bldk ykHk fey jgk gSA D;k yksx bl ;kstuk ds izfr tkx:d gS ;k ugha\ cjsyh ds fo|ky;ksa esa
“kkSpky; gS vFkok ughaA ;fn gSa rks og mudk iz;ksx djrs gS vkSj ;fn ugha djrs gS rks D;ksa\
ewy”kCn% fo|ky; LoPNrk] “kkSpky;] ty fudkl] ty izcU/k] laLFkkxr LoPNrkA
1. izLrkouk
LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku ljdkj }kjk pykbZ xbZ ;kstuk gSA ;g tu dY;k.k ds fy, ;kstuk gSA
LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku dk “kqHkkjEHk 2 vDVwcj 2014 dks egkRek xk¡/kh dh 145oha iq.; frfFk ij
iz/kkuea=h Jh ujsUnz eksnh }kjk fd;k x;k gS] ftldk eq[; zmís”; ns”k dks LoPN cukuk gSA
Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk igys Hkh dbZ LoPNrk dk;ZØe pyk, x, tSls ^^iw.kZ LpPNrk vfHk;ku** Total
Sanitation Campaign (TSC)A blls igys ;g ;kstuk vU; ukeksa ls pyk;h tk jgh Fkh tSls
^^dsUnzh; xzkeh.k LoPNrk dk;ZØe** 1986] fueZy Hkkjr vfHk;ku 2012 esaA
bl vfHk;ku dks lQy cukus ds fy, ns”k ds lHkh ukxfjdksa ls vk”kk O;Dr dh xbZ gSA bl
vfHk;ku dks “kq: djus ls igys gh fu/kkZfjr dj fn;k x;k fd ;g vfHk;ku dsoy ljdkj dk
drZO; ugha cfYd jk’Vª dks LoPN cukus dh ftEesnkjh bl ns”k ds lHkh ukxfjdksa dh gSA
bl vfHk;ku dk eq[; mís”; lHkh yksxksa dks “kkSpky; miyC/k djkdj [kqys esa “kkSp ls eqDr jk’Vª
dk fuekZ.k djuk gSA yksxksa ds tkx:d gksus ls bl vfHk;ku dks lQyrk feysxhA bl vfHk;ku
ds dbZ mís”; gS tSls fd LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku ds fy, pykbZ xbZ ;kstukvksa dk vkykspukRed
ewY;kadu djuk] tkx:drk vfHk;ku dh lQyrk dk fo”ys’k.k djuk] [kqys esa “kkSp tkus ds
dkj.kksa dk v/;;u djuk] “kkSpky; fuekZ.k dh izfØ;k ,oa izkfIr dk ewY;kadu djukA
bl vfHk;ku ds fy, dbZ ;kstuk,¡ pykbZ xbZ gSa tSls Dyhu bf.M;k xzhu bf.M;k]a vks0Mh0,Q0
dks jksduk vkfnA
ljdkj }kjk bl vfHk;ku ds fy, dkQh iz;kl fd;s x;s gSA xk¡oksa esa [kqys esa “kkSp dh O;oLFkk
dks jksdus ds fy, ljdkj us mudks “kkSpky; fuekZ.k ds fy, iSls fn;s gS rFkk uohu “kkSpky;ksa
dks cuok;k gSA ljdkj dk ,d eq[; mís”; gS fd og lu~ 2019 rd ns”k esa dkQh lq/kkj dj
ysaA ljdkj }kjk pyk;k x;k ;g vfHk;ku tu dY;k.k ds fy, gSA ljdkj }kjk ;g ?kks’k.kk dh
xbZ fd ;g vfHk;ku jktuhfrd ds Åij gS vkSj ns”k HkfDr ls izsfjr gSA
2.v/;;u ds mís”;
1. fo|ky;ksa esa LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku ds fy, pykbZ xbZ ;kstukvksa dk vkykspukRed ewY;kadu
djukA
2. fo|ky;ksa esa tkx:drk vfHk;ku dh lQyrk dk fo”ys’k.k djukA
3. fo|ky;ksa esa LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku }kjk tu lkekU; ds LoPNrk O;ogkj esa vk;s ifjorZuksa dk
v/;;u djukA
4. fo|ky;ksa esa “kkSpky; fuekZ.k dh izfØ;k ,oa izkfIr;ksa dk ewY;kadu djukA
~ 838 ~
International Journal of Applied Research
3. “kks/k fof/k
izLrqr “kks/k i= esa LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku dk rqyukRed v/;;u
djus ds fy, ftyk cjsyh ds 20 fo|ky;ksa dk pquko fd;k
x;k gSA izkFkfed vk¡dM+ksa dks ,d= djus ds fy, iz”ukoyh
rS;kj djds 20 fo|ky;yksa ls f”k{kd ,oa Nk=ksa dk U;kn”kZ
ysdj muls iz”ukoyh ls iz”u iwNs x;s FksA
f}rh;d lead esa lekpkj i= rFkk bUVjusV vkfn dk iz;ksx
fd;k x;k gSA ,df=r vk¡dM+ksa dk oxhZdj.k lkj.kh;u] izfr”kr
vkfn lkaf[;dh; fof/k;ksa dk iz;ksx djds fuoZpu fd;k x;k
gSA
4. lkfgR; losZ{k.k
“kekZ uhrw] pkS/kjh fjpk vkSj iqjksfgr g’kZ ¼2014½ ds vuqlkj
gfjr ys[kk vHkh rd ,d eq[; eqn~nk gS vkSj gekjs ns”k Hkkjr
ds fodkl ds fy;s egRoiw.kZ :i esa fy;k tk ldrk gSA tSls
Hkkjr ds cSafdx ,oa foRrh; laLFkku ,d vko”;d :i esa izkjEHk
fd;s x;sA mlh izdkj LoPNrk ds igyqvksa dks Hkh izkjEHk fd;k
tk;sA Hkkjrh;ksa ds fodkl dks cuk;s j[kus ds fy;s cSafdx vkSj
foRrh; laLFkku dks T;knk dke djuk gksxkA
oh0 “kekZ vkSj cnzk “kSytk ¼2015½ ds vuqlkj Hkkjr ,d
fodkl”khy ns”k gS tks LoPNrk dh vksj dsfUnzr djus dk
iz;kl dj jgk gSA jk”Vª dks lqO;ofLFkr djuk pkgrk gS] vkSj
tyok;q dks LoPN djus ds fcUnq dks O;qRiUu djuk pkgrk gSA
vk/kqfud Hkkjr esa LoPNrk ij v/;;u dks dsfUnzr djrk gSA
LoPN Ldwy LoPN Hkkjr ¼2014½ O;oLFkk dk rkRi;Z Ldwy esa
ihus ds lkQ ikuh dk izcU/k vkSj “kkSpky; dh lqfo/kk;sa fiNys
dqN o’kksZa ls c<+ x;h gSA fdUrq vHkh ewy :i ls vkSj fu;eksa ds
vuqlkj mfpr O;oLFkk dks vf/kd lq/kkj dh vko”;drk gSA
lcls vf/kd ty vkSj lQkbZ lqfo/kk;sa izR;sd fnu iz;ksx esa
vkrh gSaA LoPNrk ds fy, ;s lqfo/kk;sa vfuok;Z :i ls
fØ;kfUor dh tk;sa fd Ldwy esa lkcqu ls gkFk /kqyus dh
lqfo/kkvksa dh O;oLFkk vkSj ns[kjs[k “kkfey gksA
iqydy gfj ¼2015½ ds vuqlkj] LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku ij ,d
mPp eksM+ “kq: gks ldrk gS ysfdu ns”k dks lQkbZ xaHkhj
O;olk; gS ftldks djuk vko”;d gS blds fy, fuos”k fd;k
tkuk pkfg,A ns”k dks lQkbZ ukxfjdksa ds fy, egRoiw.kZ gS
blds fy, LoPN Hkkjr fe”ku dk izkjEHk vko”;d gSA
Rkfydk 1% f”k{kdksa ls iwNs x, iz”u
dz-
Ikz”u
la0
1- Ldwy dk {ks=Qy fdruk vkSj dSlk gS\
Ldwy dk ty lzksr ihus gsrq] vU;
2-
dk;Z gsrq rFkk “kkSp gsra %q
3- Ldwyksa esa ty dh miyC/krk dSlh gS\
4- Ldwyksa esa ty dh miyC/krk dSlh gS\
5- Ldwyksa esa “kkSpky;ksa dh lkQ&lQkbZ dc gksrh gS\
Ldwyksa }kjk LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku gsrq fd, x,
6-
iz;kl%
fo|ky;ksa dh LoPNrk dejs dh
7-
rFkk [kqys LFkku dh%
lzksr% los{Z k.k
LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku dh tkx:drk ds ckjs esa rFkk LoPNrk
vfHk;ku dh lQyrk ds ckjs esa Kkr djus ds fy, cjsyh
tuin ds 20 fo|ky;ksa esa tkdj izkIr dh gSA fo|ky;ksa dk
{ks=Qy 80 izfr”kr rd <dk gqvk gS rFkk 20 izfr”kr [kqyk
Howell vkSj Avalio ¼2014½ ds v/;;ukuqlkj ftEesnkj fuekZ.k
vkSj lHkh izklafxd LVSd /kkjdksa ds lkFk fj”rs dks cuk;s j[kus
fd dyk gS vkSj bls izkIr ugha O;fDrxr usrkvksa lewghdj.kA
;gk¡ pqukSrh usrk gS tks ekuks ,d lkekU; n`f’V esa lEcfU/kr dj
ldrs gSA tks djus ds fy, lqudj dj ldrs gS vkSj nwljksa ds
fy, ns[kHkky vkSj vr% mUgsa lsok fodflr djus ds fy, gSA
MeZus vHk; ch ¼uoEcj 2014½ ds vuqlkj LokLF; vkSj LoPNrk
ekuo thou ds lcls egRoiw.kZ rRo gSaA iwjs ns”k esa LoPNrk dks
fodflr djuk vkSj LoPNrk dh O;oLFkk djuk tu LokLF; esa
lokZf/kd izHkkoh O;ko/kkuksa ds chp gSA LoLFk rFkk LokLF;
foKku vR;kf/kd ekuo fodkl dks vR;kf/kd izHkkfor djrs gSA
;g fodkl rFkk [kpZ dks izHkkfor djus okys rRo gS] ftlls
LoPNrk ls de fd;k tk ldrk gSA
uk;d vi.kkZ ¼2014½ ds vuqlkj vxys ik¡p o’kksZa esa LoPN Hkkjr
y{; dks iwjk djus dk mn~n”s ; Hkkjr esa LoPNrk O;oLFkk esa
ifjorZu ykdj mls Bhd djuk gSA tks leL;k;sa i;kZoj.k ls
?kfu’Vrk ls tqM+h gqbZ gS mUgsa dkQh gn rd de djukA
dqM+k&djdV dk fuLrkj.k djukA vkt ge tyok;q ifjorZu]
ty izn’w k.k] jklk;fudksa ds iz;ksx ds nq’izHkko dk lkeuk djrs
gSaA
oekZ] ds0 ¼2014½ foHkkx }kjk lQkbZ vfHk;ku 25 flrEcj 2014
gh “kq: fd;k x;k FkkA blesa bUgksua s LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku dk
leUo; foHkkx esa is; ty vkiwfrZ dks iw.kZ djus ds fy, ,d
foLr`r oksV vuqyXu HkstkA
vHk; ekus ¼2014½ dqy feykdj csy balku ds fy, lcls
egRoiw.kZ rRo gS LokLF; LoPNrk vkSj fodkl LoPNrk lQkbZ
ds chp lcls vf/kd ykxr izHkkoh lkoZtfud LokLF; gLr{ksi
dj jgs gSA
5. fo”ys’k.k
tuin cjsyh ds izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa LoPNrk dh fLFkfr]
fo|ky;ksa dh mUufr vkSj yksxksa ds LoHkko dk vykspukRed
fo”ys’k.k fuEu izdkj gS%
5-1 f”k{kdksa ls iwNs x, iz”u& rkfydk la[;k 1 esa cjsyh ds 20
izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa f”k{kdksa ls izkIr tkudkjh dk fooj.k
izfr”kr ds :i esa fn;k x;k gSA
mRrj ¼izfr”kr es½a
¼d½ [kqyk gqvk ¾ 20 ¼[k½ <dk gqvk ¾ 80
¼d½ uy bf.M;u ekdZ ¾ ¼[k½ eksVj iEi ¾ 20
¼x½ viwfrZ ¾ 40
40 izfr”kr
¼d½ i;kZIr ¾ 80 ¼[k½ vi;kZIr ¾ 20
¼d½ i;kZIr ¾ 80 ¼[k½ vi;kZIr ¾ 20
¼x½ lkIrkfgd ¾
¼d½ yxkrkj ¾ 10 ¼[k½ jkstkuk ¾ 30
60
¼d½ gk¡ ¾ 50 ¼[k½ ugha ¾ 50
¼d½ jkstkuk ¾ 30 ¼[k½ dHkh&dHkh ¾ 80
gqvk gSA fo|ky;ksa esa ty lzksr ihus gsrq] “kkSp gsrq dSlk gS uy
bf.M;u ekdZ 40 izfr”kr rFkk eksVj iEi 20 izfr”kr rFkk
vkiwfrZ 40 izfr”kr gSA
~ 839 ~
International Journal of Applied Research

5-2 fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls iwNs x, iz”u& rkfydk la[;k 2 esa cjsyh ds fooj.k izfr”kr ds :i esa fn;k x;k gSA
20 izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls izkIr tkudkjh dk
rkfydk 2% fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls iwNs x, iz”u
dz la0 Ikz”u mRrj ¼izfr”kr es½a
1- Ldwyksa esa Nk=&Nk=kvksa dks LoPNrk gsrq f”k{kk% ¼d½ gk¡ ¾ 60 ¼[k½ ugha ¾ 40
2- Ldwyksa esa O;fDrxr LoPNrk fujh{k.k ¼nk¡r] uk[kwu vkSj diM+ksa dh lkQ&lQkbZ½% ¼d½ jkstkuk ¾20 ¼[k½ dHkh&dHkh ¾ 80
3- Ldwyksa dh lkQ&lQkbZ esa cPpksa dk ;ksxnku% ¼d½ gk¡ ¾ 70 ¼[k½ ugha ¾ 30
4- “kkSpky; gsrq jlk;fud inkFkksaZ dk mi;ksx% ¼d½ gk¡ ¾ 60 ¼[k½ ugha ¾ 40
lzksr% los{Z k.k

LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku dh tkx:drk ds ckjs esa rFkk LoPNrk
vfHk;ku dh lQyrk ds ckjs esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls muds fo|ky;
dh LoPNrk ds ckjs esa tkudkjh izkIr dhA fo|ky;ksa esa
Nk=&Nk=kvksa dks LoPNrk gsrq f”k{kk 50 izfr”kr nh tkrh gSA
fo|ky;ksa dh lkQ&lQkbZ esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk ;ksxnku 70 izfr”kr
gksrk rFkk 30 izfr”kr ughaA
5-3 “kks/kkFkhZ ds Loijh{k.k }kjk izkIr tkudkjh & rkfydk
la[;k 1 esa cjsyh ds 20 izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa “kks/kkFkhZ }kjk
izkIr tkudkjh dk fooj.k izfr”kr ds :i esa fn;k x;k gSA

rkfydk 3% “kks/kkFkhZ ds Loijh{k.k }kjk izkIr tkudkjh

dz- la- Ikz”u mRrj ¼izfr”kr es½a
1- Ldwyksa esa ty ds fudkl dh O;oLFkk% ¼d½ gk¡ ¾ 40 ¼[k½ ugha ¾ 60
2- Ldwyksa esa lkQ&lQkbZ gsrq deZpkfj;ksa dh O;oLFkk% ¼d½ gk¡ ¾ 60 ¼[k½ ugha ¾ 40
3- Ldwyksa esa “kkSp i”pkr~ dh LoPNrk gkFk /kksus ds fy, ikuh% ¼d½ gk¡ ¾ 95 ¼[k½ ugha ¾ 05
4- Lkeqnkf;d LoPNrk gsrq Ldwyksa }kjk fd, x, iz;kl% ¼d½ gk¡ ¾ 65 ¼[k½ ugha ¾ 40
5- Ldwyksa esa dwM+k fuLrkj.k O;oLFkk dSlh gS\ ¼d½ gk¡ ¾ 70 ¼[k½ ugha ¾ 30
lzksr% los{Z k.k

vk¡dM+ksa }kjk “kks/kkFkhZ dks Kkr gqvk gS fd fo|ky;ksa esa fudkl 5- izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa fo|kFkhZ dks LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku ds
dh O;oLFkk 60 izfr”kr ugha gS rFkk 40 izfr”kr gSA vk¡dM+ksa ds ckjs esa iw.kZ :i ls Kku ugha fn;k x;k gSA
vk/kkj ij “kks/kkFkhZ dks losZ{k.k djus ls Kkr gqvk gS fd 6- izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa lQkbZ deZpkfj;ksa dh O;oLFkk esa
fo|ky;ksa esa lQkbZ gsrq deZpkfj;ksa dh 60 izfr”kr O;oLFkk gS deh gSA
rFkk 40 izfr”kr ugha gSA
8.lq>ko
6. izkfIr;k¡ 1- LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku dks lQy cukus ds fy, lHkh
1- LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku ls yxHkx 84 izfr”kr yksxksa dks izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku dk Kku
LoPNrk ds ckjs esa tkudkjh gqbZ gSA ftlls oks LoPNrk ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, vfr vko”;d gSA
izfr tkx:d gq, gSA 2- fo|ky;ksa esa ikuh ds fudkl dh O;oLFkk Bhd djuk]
2- izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa “kkSpky; dh O;oLFkk dks lq/kkjk x;k ftlls fdlh Hkh izdkj dh xUnxh ls fudkl ls vlqfo/kk
gSA muesa vc f”k{kdks]a ckyd vkSj ckfydkvksa ds fy, u gksA
vyx&vyx “kkSpky;ksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gSA 3- “kkSpky; fuekZ.k esa xq.koRrkiw.kZ lkexzh dk mi;ksx fd;k
3- “kkSpky; fuekZ.k ls lHkh dks vkSj [kkldj ckfydkvksa dh tkuk pkfg, ftlls “kkSpky; fVdkÅ cu ldsAa
lqj{kk esa c<+ksRrjh gqbZ gSA 4- fo|ky; esa dqM+k fuLrkjEHk dh O;oLFkk gksuh pkfg,A
4- “kkSpky; fuekZ.k ls fo|ky;ksa dh izkFkfedrk esa c<+ksRrjh fo|kFkhZ lM+dks ;k fo|ky;ksa esa xUnxh u djsaA
gqbZ gSA 5- lkeqnkf;d LoPNrk gsrq izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa }kjk iz;kl
5- izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa ty dh O;oLFkk esa dkQh lq/kkj gqvk fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
gSA 6- izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa “kkSpky;ksa dh lQkbZ gsrq jklk;fud
6- izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa “kkSpky;ksa dh lkQ&lQkbZ esa dkQh inkFkksZa dk mi;ksx fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
cnyko gqvk gSA 7- izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa ckyd@ckfydkvksa rFkk LVkQ ds
fy, “kkSpky;ksa dh O;oLFkk vyx&vyx gksuh pkfg,A
7. lhek,¡
1- vHkh Hkh yxHkx 70 izfr”kr izkFkfed fo|ky; esa “kkSpky; 9. fu’d’kZ
dh O;oLFkk ckyd vkSj ckfydkvksa ds fy, vyx&vyx vf/kdka”k yksx LoPNrk ds izfr tkx:d gSA 58 izfr”kr yksxks
ugha gSA dks bl vfHk;ku dh tkudkjh gS og bl vfHk;ku dks pykus esa
2- ikuh ds fudkl dh lqfo/kk,¡ ugha gSA viuk ;ksxnku ns jgs gSA ijUrq fo|ky;ksa esa f”k{kd fo|kfFkZ;ksa
3- izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa tks ljdkj }kjk “kkSpky; cuok;sa dh LoPNrk dh vksj /;ku ugha ns jgs gSA fo|ky;ksa esa
tk jgs gS oks fVdkÅ ugha gSA “kkSpky;ksa dh O;oLFkk iw.kZ :i ls lgh ugha gSA fo|ky;ksa esa
4- izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa lkQ&lQkbZ lkIrkfgd gksrh gS ;k f”k{kdks]a ckydksa rFkk ckfydkvksa ds fy, vyx&vyx “kkSpky;
fQj ,d eghus esa ,d ckj gks tkrh gSA dh O;oLFkk ugha gSA 50 izfr”kr rd “kkSpky; dh lkQ&lQkbZ
jkstkuk ugha dh tk jgh gS ftlls fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds LokLF; ij
~ 840 ~
International Journal of Applied Research

cqjk izHkko iM+ jgk gSA dqN fo|ky;ksa esa ty fudkl dh

O;oLFkk ugha gSA mudk ikuh lM+dksa ij gh cgrk gSA fo|ky;ksa
esa ihus ds ikuh dh O;oLFkk Hkh iw.kZ :i ls lgh ugha gSA tc
rd yksx brus tkx:d ugha gks tkrs fd og LoPNrk dks
viuk drZO; u le>us yxs rc rd lEiw.kZ LoPN Hkkjr
vfHk;ku ,d liuk gSA lkFk gh LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku dks
dkf;d LoPNrk ls vkxs c<+dj lkekftd ,oa O;ogkfjd
LoPNrk dks c<+kok nsus gsrq drZO;”khy cukus dh vR;ar
vko”;drk gSA

10. lUnHkZ lwph

1. Mane Abhay B. Swachh Bharat Mission for India’s
Sanitation Problem: Need of the Hour, Unique Journal
of Medical and Dental Sciences. 2014, 02(04)58-60.
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