PDF Plan Estrategico de Seguridad Vial - Compress

Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Fstrjtéoin`` lf ^fouril jl Q
Qijk
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Wêoicj : lf 1>

Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
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4. IC\T@LVNNI@C.................................................................................................
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4.:. WT@DKFHÊ\INJ LF KJ ^FOVTILJL QIJK ..................................................................... ?
4.4. DFCFAINI@^ LFK WKJC F^\TJ\FOIN@ LF ^FOVTILJL QIJK ........................................... =
>. N@CNFW\@^ Y LFAICINI@CF^ ............................................................................................. 9
>.:. N`cnfpt`s..................................................................................................
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>.4. Lfaicini`cfs jpkinjdkfs jk Wkjc Fstrjtéoin` Lf ^fouriljl Qijk .................................... :7
<. HJTN@ C@THJ\IQ@ ...................................................................................................... :>
6. A@T\JKFNIHIFC\@ LF KJ OF^\IÞC IC^\I\VNI@CJK
IC^\I\VNI@CJK .........................................................
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6.:. @DEF\IQ@^ LFK WF^Q ................................................................................................
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6.:.: @deftiv` Ofcfrjk Lfk Wkjc Fstrjtéoin` Lf ^fouriljl Qijk .................
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6.:.4 @deftiv`s Fspfnèain`s Lfk Wkjc Fstrjtéoin` Lf ^fouriljl Qijk ...............

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6.:.> @deftiv`s Lf Kj Kfy ..............

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6.:.< Lirfntrinfs Lf Kj Jktj Lirfnniþc ...............

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6.4. N@HI\É LF ^FOVTILJL QIJK ....................................................................................

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6.4.: N`ca`rhjniþc lfk N`hité lf ^fouriljl Qijk .................
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6.4.4 @deftiv` lfk N`hité lf ^fouriljl Qijk ...............

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6.4.> Ictforjctfs lfk N`hité lf ^fouriljl Qijk ...............

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6.4.<. T`kfs y Aucni`cfs lf k`s ictforjctfs

i ctforjctfs lfk N`hité lf ^fouriljl Qijk ...............
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6.4.6. Arfnufcnij lf Tfuci`cfs lfk N`hité lf ^fouriljl Qijk ................

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6.>. TF^W@C^JDKFF LFK WKJC F^\TJ\ÉOIN@ LF ^FOVTILJL

TF^W@C^JDK ^ FOVTILJL QIJK ..................................... 47
4 7
6.>.:. Lfsiocjniþc lfk rfsp`csjdkf lfk Wkjc Fstrjtéoin` lf ^fouriljl Qijk ...............
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6.>.4. Il`cfiljl lfk rfsp`csjdkf lfk Wkjc Fstrjtéoin` lf ^fouriljl Qijk ................
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6.<. W@KI\INJ LF ^FOVTILJL QIJK .................................................................................. 47

6.<.:. W@KÈ\INJ LF ^FOVTILJL QIJK ..............
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6.6. LIQVKOJNIÞC LF KJ W@KÈ\INJ LF ^FOVTILJL QIJK .................................................. 47

6.1. LIJOC@^\IN@ NJTJN\FTIUJNIÞC LF KJ FHWTF^J ................................................... 4:
6.1.:. NJTJN\FTÈ^\INJ^ LF KJ FHWTF^J ..............
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Qfrsiþc5 74
Wêoicj 4 lf 1>

Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
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6.?. TIFÔ@ QIJK ............................................................................................................ 49

6.?.:. Lijoc`stin` Tifso` Qijk .................
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6.?.4. Jpkinjniþc lfk Nufsti`cjri` Wjrj Lijoc`stin` ^fouriljl Qijk \rjdjejl`rfs ..........49

6.?.>. N`cs`kiljniþc y Jcêkisis Nufsti`cjri` Wjrj Lijoc`stin` ^fouriljl Qijk
\rjdjejl`rfs. ..............
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6.?.<. Lfaiciniþc lf Tifso`s Qijkfs lf WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^ ^.J.^. ................

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6.?.6. Njkiainjniþc y Nkjsiainjniþc lf Tifso`s Qijkfs.................

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6.=. WKJCF^ LF JNNI@C LF TIFÔ@^ QIJKF^ .................................................................... >4

6.=.:. Wkjcfs lf Jnniþc Ajnt`r Muhjc` ...............
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6.=.4. Wkjcfs lf Jnniþc Ajnt`r Qfmènuk`s

Q fmènuk`s ...............
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6.=.>. Wkjcfs lf Jnniþc Ajnt`r Icarjfstrunturj

Ic arjfstrunturj ................
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6.=.<. Wkjcfs lf Jnniþc Ajnt`r Jtfcniþc j Qintihjs ................

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6.9. IHWKFHFC\JNI@C LF JNNI@CF^ LFK WF^Q ...............................................................
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6.:7. ^FOVIHIFC\@ Y FQJKVJNI@C LF WKJCF^ LF JNNI@C LFK WF^Q ................................ >9
6.:7.:. Iclinjl`rfs lfk Wkjc Fstrjtéoin` lf ^fouriljl Qijk ...............
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6.:7.4. JVLI\@TIJ^ ...............

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1. N@HW@T\JHIFC\@ MVHJC@ ........................................................................................ <<

1.> WTVFDJ^ LF N@C\T@K WTFQFC\IQ@ LF N@CLVN\@TF^ ................
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1.< NJWJNI\JNIÞC FC ^FOVTILJL QIJK .............................................................................. <?

1.6 N@C\T@K LF L@NVHFC\JNIÞC LF N@CLVN\@TF^ ....................................................... <=
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1.6.4 Tfp`rtf lf n`hpjrfcl`s......................................................

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1.1 W@KÈ\INJ^ LF TFOVKJNIÞC ........................................................................................... <9
>.4. Hfnjcish`s pjrj kj rfjkizjniþc lf prufdj .........
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1.1.4 Tfoukjniþc Lf M`rjs Lf N`clunniþc Y Lfsnjcs` ............. ¡Frr`r! Hjrnjl`r c` lfaicil`.

1.1.>. Tfoukjniþc lf kj Qfk`niljl - Nfctr` lf N`ctr`k ...............
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1.1.< Vs` lfk nicturþc lf sfouriljl ...............

...........................................¡Frr`r! Hjrnjl`r c` lfaicil`.
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1.1.6 Fkfhfct`s Lf Wr`tfnniþc Wfrs`cjk ................................... ¡Frr`r! Hjrnjl`r c` lfaicil`.

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>.4. W`kètinj Lf C` Vs` Lf Fquip`s Dilirfnni`cjkfs ......... ...... ¡Frr`r! Hjrnjl`r c` lfaicil`.
...............
Fstêcljrfs Lf N`hp`rtjhifct` Fc ^fouriljl Qijk ................... .. ¡Frr`r! Hjrnjl`r c` lfaicil`.

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Wêoicj > lf 1>

Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
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FKJD@TÞ5
FKJD@TÞ5 NÞLIO@5 JWT@DÞ 5
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?.: HJC\FCIHIFC\@ WTFQFC\IQ@ ..................................................................................... 66

=. ICATJF^\TVN\VTJ ^FOVTJ ................................................................................................
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=.:. Tutjs Ictfrcjs ..............

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>. J\FCNIÞC LF QIN\IHJ^ .................................................................................................. 69

>.:. WKJC WJTJ J\FCNIÞC LF FHFTOFCNIJ^ FC KJ QÈJ .................................................
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Njpjnitjniþc, A`rhjniþc Y Fctrfcjhifct`.......................................................................69
Fquip` Lf ^fouriljl Lf K`s Qfmènuk`s .........

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Hft`l`kòèj Wjrj Icvfstiojr Jnnilfctfs ..........................................................................17
Kj fhprfsj dusnj pr`h`vfr kj ilfctiainjniþc y rfp`rtf lf t`ljs

t`l js kjs n`clini`cfs y jnt`s
icsfour`s, jsè n`h` fk rfp`rtf, icvfstiojniþc y sfouihifct` lf icnilfctfs y jnnilfctfs,
ilfctiainjcl` kj njusj rjèz, pjrj fstjdkfnfr kjs jnni`cfs n`rrfntivjs y prfvfctivjs quf sf
rfquifrjc, ofcfrjcl` ucj jkfrtj ` kfnniþc jprfclilj quf lfdfrê s fr livukojlj fctrf k`s
ictfrfsjl`
ictfrfsjl`s.
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6.4.: WKJCF^ LF JNNIÞC Y NT@C@OTJHJ ............................... ¡Frr`r! Hjrnjl`r c` lfaicil`.

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Qfrsiþc5 74
Wêoicj < lf 1>

Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
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M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
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Qfrsiþc5 74
Wêoicj 6 lf 1>

Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
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FKJD@TÞ5
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lf k`s jnnilfctfs^FTQINF^
lf trêcsit` ^.J.^ fs n`csnifctf
y fk pr`dkfhj y rfn`c`nf p`r
fstrunturjk-s`nijk j t`ljs kjsjtrjvifsj
fk quf vèntihjs
cufstr` pjès, lf ioujk hjcfrj jlhitf quf kjs njusjs quf kj `njsi`cjc, fc su
hjy`rèj s`c fvitjdkfs y jnfptj quf kj sfouriljl vijk mjnf pjrtf lf kjs p`kètinjs y
rfsp`csjdikiljlfs lf kj Fhprfsj.
Fc nuhpkihifct` j kj kfy :67> lfk 49 lf linifhdrf lfk 47:: ‛W`r kj nujk sf pr`hufvf
kj a`rhjniþc lf mêdit`s, n`hp`rtjhifct`s y n`cluntjs sfour`s fc kj vèj y sf lintjc
`trjs lisp`sini`cfs‘ sf fkjd`rj fstf pkjc fstrjtéoin` n`c fk aic lf njpjnitjr y
jntujkizjr jk pfrs`cjk tjct` jlhicistrjtiv` n`h` `pfrjtiv` lf cufstrj Fhprfsj fc
t`l`s k`s tfhjs rfkjni`cjl`s n`c kj sfouriljl vijk.
Kjs kjd`rfs quf rfjkizjrê kj Fhprfsj fc kj dõsquflj lf n`clini`cfs sfourjs pjrj

N`clunt`rfs, pjsjefr`s y pfjt`cfs, ofcfrjrjc n`caijczj fc cufstr`s orup`s lf
ictfrés y sfrê sjtisajnt`ri` pjrj WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^ ^.J.^ kòrjr uc
n`hp`rtjhifct` sfour` fc kj vèj.
Qfrsiþc5 74
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Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
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4. IC\T@LVNNI@C
4.:. WT@DKFHÊ\INJ LF KJ
K J ^FOVTILJL QIJK
^FOVTILJL
Kj @rojcizjniþc Huclijk lf kj ^jkul, j trjvés lfk ica`rhf s`drf kj situjniþc huclijk

lf kj sfouriljl vijk (47:>), mj iclinjl` quf jcujkhfctf ajkkfnfc hês lf :,4<
hikk`cfs lf pfrs`cjs fc jnnilfctfs lf trêcsit` y lijrijhfctf sf jknjczjc
jpr`xihjljhfctf >.777 ajkkfnil`s. Jlfhês, fctrf 47 y 67 hikk`cfs lf pfrs`cjs
hês, suarfc trjuhjtish`s p`r fstj hishj njusj.
Fc fsf n`ctfxt`, N`k`hdij c` fs jefcj j fstj pr`dkfhêtinj, yj quf fctrf fk pfri`l`

4774-47:4 sf `dtifcf ucj niarj rfprfsfctjtivj lf njsi 14.777 n`k`hdijc`s hufrt`s
y hês lf <<>.777 mfril`s fc jnnilfctfs lf trêcsit` (Aufctf5 Icstitut` Cjni`cjk lf
Hflinicj Kfojk).
Fstjs niarjs fstihukjc j WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^ ^.J.^ j pfcsjr fc ucj

fstrjtfoij jkrflfl`r lf fstj pr`dkfhêtinj s`nijk2 \`l` fk jnt`r fc su n`cliniþc difc
sfj lf N`clunt`rfs, pjsjefr`s ` pfjt`cfs, cfnfsitjc sjdfr quf cufstrj Fhprfsj
fstê lispufstj j ofcfrjr ucj nukturj lf rfspft` y jnjtjhifct` lf kjs c`rhjs.
WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^ ^.J.^ tifcf nkjr` quf orjc pjrtf lf kj s`kuniþc j fstj
pr`dkfhêtinj lfpfclf lf kjs prêntinjs jlfnujljs lf n`cluntj s`nijk,
pfcsjhifct`s y fstik`s lf n`clunniþc, jlfhês lf fstik`s lf flunjniþc lfslf kj
icajcnij, djsjl`s
kj t`kfrjcnij fc fk fefrnini` n`csnifctf lf vjk`rfs fsfcnijkfs n`h` fk rfspft`,
y kj n`cvivfcnij.
Kj a`rhukjniþc lf fstf Wkjc Fstrjtéoin` lf ^fouriljl Qijk fs ucj rfspufstj j fstjs

pr`dkfhêtinjs y prftfclf nrfjr n`cnifcnij,
n`cnif cnij, a`rhjr, ica`rhjr y sfcsidikizjr
sfcsidikiz jr lf hjcfrj
pjrtinipjtivj j t`l`s k`s trjdjejl`rfs lf WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^ ^.J.^,
ihpkfhfctjcl` fstrjtfoijs quf pfrhitjc tfcfr n`hp`rtjhifct`s sfour`s fc kjs
vèjs.
Qfrsiþc5 74
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Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
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4.4. DFCFAINI
DFCFAINI@^
@^ LFK WKJC F^\TJ\FOI
F^\TJ\FOIN@
N@ LF ^FOVTI
^FOVTILJL
LJL QIJK
WF\T@JCLICJ
n`cnifctizjniþc fc^FTQINF^
t`rc` j kj ^.J.^ tifcfQijk
^fouriljl nkjr` quf,rfsp`csjdikiljl
n`h` jk icinijr fstf lf
pr`nfs`
t`l`s, lf
fk
jnjt`, fk rfspft` p`r kjs c`rhjs y fk fctfclihifct` lf quf kj pri`riljl s`drf kj vèj
kj tifcf kj vilj, c`s jnfrnjh`s j ucj n`cvivfcnij jrhþcinj fc kj nujk sf `dtfclrêc
k`s siouifctfs dfcfaini`s5
Tflunir siociainjtivjhfctf kj `nurrfcnij lf jnnilfctfs lf trêcsit`.

Lishicuniþc fc k`s civfkfs lf jnnilfctjkiljl, h`rdikiljl y h`rtjkiljl.
Hfe`rj fc kj fainifcnij lf k`s sistfhjs lf trjcsp`rtf.
Icnrfhfct` fc kj akuilfz lf kj h`vikiljl fc vèjs rurjkfs y urdjcjs.
Tflunniþc lfk kunr` nfsjctf, pr`lunt` lf kj ich`vikiljl lf vfmènuk`s

n`kisi`cjl`s.
Fvjsiþc lfk n`st` lf k`s lflunidkfs lf kjs pþkizjs lf sfour`s y
lfsnufct`s p`r rfnkjhjniþc.
^f fvitj kj lfprfnijniþc lfk vfmènuk` p`r jnnilfctfs y pjrtfs c` nudifrtjs
p`r fk sfour`.
^f fvitjc pjo`s lf m`c`rjri`s jlhicistrjtiv`s y lf jdòjl`s, pjrj
n`hpjrfnfr fc julifcnijs ` lurjctf kj icvfstiojniþc, ` icnkus`
icnjpjniljlfs.
Lishicuniþc tifhp`s
tifhp`s lf vijef y n`st`s lf k`s trêain`s `dstruil`s.
njroj.
Hfe`rjhifct` lf kj njkiljl lfk sfrvini` põdkin` lf trjcsp`rtf lf njroj.
@ptihizjniþc lf k`s n`st`s lf `pfrjniþc lf kj ak`tj.
Wr`tfnniþc lf kj ihjofc n`rp`rjtivj y k`s fafnt`s rfkjni`cjl`s n`c uc
icnilfctf ` jnnilfctf lf trêcsit`.
Qfrsiþc5 74
Wêoicj = lf 1>

Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
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>.:. N`cnfpt`s
°Zué fs
fs uc Wkjc Fstrjtéoin` Lf ^four
^fouriljl
iljl Qijk0
Fs fk icstruhfct` lf pkjciainjniþc quf n`csiocjl` fc uc l`nuhfct` n`ctifcf kjs

jnni`cfs, hfnjcish`s. Fstrjtfoijs hfliljs quf lfdfrêc jl`ptjr kjs liafrfctfs
fctiljlfs, `rojcizjni`cfs ` fhprfsjs lfk sfnt`r põdkin` ` privjl` fxistfctfs fc
N`k`hdij. Linmjs jnni`cfs fstêc fcnjhicjljs j jknjczjr kj sfouriljl vijk n`h`
jko` icmfrfctf jk sfr muhjc` y jsè rflunir kj jnnilfctjkiljl vijk lf k`s ictforjctfs
lf kjs `rojcizjni`cfs hfcni`cjljs y lf c` sfr p`sidkf fvitjr, ` lishicuir k`s
fafnt`s quf pufljc ofcfrjr k`s jnnilfctfs lf trêcsit`.
°Wjrj
°Wjrj Zué îrvf Fk Wkjc Fstrjtéoin` Lf ^
^fouril
fouril jl Qijk0
û aicjkiljl fs lfaicir k`s `deftiv`s y kjs jnni`cfs ` ictfrvfcni`cfs n`cnrftjs quf

sf lfdfc kkfvjr j njd` pjrj jknjczjr k`s pr`pþsit`s fc hjtfrij lf prfvfcniþc lf k`s
jnnilfctfs lf trêcsit`, ajnikitjcl` kj ofstiþc lf kj Fhprfsj jk lfaicir kjs êrfjs
icv`kunrjljs, k`s rfsp`csjdkfs y k`s hfnjcish`s lf fvjkujniþc y sfouihifct` fc
aucniþc lfk nuhpkihifct` lf kjs jntujni`cfs lfaiciljs.
@deftiv`s Lf Vc Wkjc Fstrjtéoin` Lf ^four

^fouriljl
iljl Qijk
N`c k`s `deftiv`s lfk pkjc fstrjtéoin`

fst rjtéoin` lf sfouriljl vijk
v ijk sf trjzj uc hjpj quf sfújkj
rfsuktjl`s quf kj Fhprfsj sf mj pr`pufst` jknjczjr fc hjtfrij lf sfouriljl vijk.
Qfrsiþc5 74
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Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
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ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
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aicini`
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jpkinjdkfs
fs jk Wkjc Fstrjtéoin` Lf ^f
^four
ouriljl
iljl Qijk
➤ ^fouril jl vijk5 ^f rfaifrf jk n`ceuct` lf jnni`cfs, hfnjcish`s, fstrjtfoijs

^fouril
y hfliljs `rifctjljs j kj prfvfcniþc lf jnnilfctfs lf trêcsit`, ` j jcukjr `
lishicuir k`s fafnt`s lf k`s hish`s, n`c fk `deftiv` lf pr`tfofr kj vilj lf k`s
usujri`s lf kjs vèjs.
➤ ^fouriljl jntivj5 ^f rfaifrf jk n`ceuct` lf hfnjcish`s ` lisp`sitiv`s lfk

vfmènuk` jut`h`t`r lfsticjl`s j pr`p`rni`cjr ucj hjy`r fainjnij fc kj
fstjdikiljl y n`ctr`k lfk vfmènu
vfmènuk`
k` fc hjrnmj pjrj lishicuir fk rifso` lf quf
sf pr`luznj uc jnnilfctf lf trêcsit`.
➤ ^fouriljl pjsivj5 ^`c k`s fkfhfct`s lfk vfmènuk` jut`h`t`r quf rflunfc
k`s ljú`s quf sf puflfc pr`lunir nujcl` uc jnnilfctf lf trêcsit` fs
icfvitjdkf y jyuljc j hicihizjr k`s p`sidkfs ljú`s j k`s `nupjctfs lfk
vfmènuk`.
➤ Jn
Jnni
nil
l fct
fctff l f tr
trêcs
êcs it`
it ` 5 Fvfct` ofcfrjkhfctf icv`kuctjri`, ofcfrjl` jk
hfc`s p`r uc vfmènuk` fc h`vihifct`, quf njusj ljú`s j pfrs`cjs y difcfs
icv`kunrjl`s fc ék, f ioujkhfctf jafntj kj c`rhjk nirnukjniþc lf k`s vfmènuk`s
quf sf h`vikizjc p`r kj vèj ` vèjs n`hprfcliljs fc fk kuojr ` lfctr` lf kj
z`cj lf icakufcnij lfk mfnm` (NC\\, 4774).
➤ Jn
Jnni
nil
l fct
fctffl
lff trjdje
tr jdje`
` 5 \`l` sunfs` rfpfctic` quf s`drfvfcoj n`c njusj u
`njsiþc lfk trjdje` y quf pr`luznj fc fk trjdjejl`r ucj kfsiþc `roêcinj, ucj
pfrturdjniþc aucni`cjk ` psèquinj, ucj icvjkilfz ` kj hufrtf. Jsè n`h` fk quf
sf pr`lunf lurjctf kj fefnuniþc lf þrlfcfs lfk fhpkfjl`r ` n`ctrjtjctf,
lurjctf kj fefnuniþc lf ucj kjd`r dje` su jut`riljl, jõc p`r aufrj lfk kuojr
y m`rjs lf trjdje`2 ioujkhfctf fk quf sf pr`luznj lurjctf fk trjskjl` lf k`s
trjdjejl`rfs ` n`ctrjtistjs lfslf su rfsilfcnij j k`s kuojrfs lf trjdje` y
vinfvfrsj, nujcl` fk trjcsp`rtf k` suhicistrf fk fhpkfjl`r. (Kfy :614 lf
47:4).
➤ Tifso`5 Fs kj fvjkujniþc lf kjs n`csfnufcnijs lf uc pfkior`, fxprfsjlj fc

térhic`s lf pr`djdikiljl y sfvfriljl, t`hjcl` n`h` rfafrfcnij kj pf`r
n`cliniþc prfvisidkf.
Qfrsiþc5 74
Wêoicj :7 lf 1>

Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
➤ Jh fcjzj5
Jhfcjzj5 ^f lfaicf n`h` kj pr`djdikiljl lf `nurrfcnij lf uc sunfs`
p`tfcnijkhfctf
ljl`. lfsjstr`s`, lurjctf nifrt` pfrè`l` lf tifhp` fc uc siti`
➤ Qukcfrjdikiljl5 Wr`djdikiljl lf jafntjniþc, puflf lfnirsf tjhdiéc, lf kj

susnfptidikiljl lf sfr jafntjl` p`r ucj jhfcjzj y su njpjniljl lf
s`drfp`cfrsf.
➤ Wfjtþc5 Wfrs`cj quf trjcsitj j pif p`r ucj vèj (NC\I, 4774).
➤ Wjsjefr`5 Wfrs`cj listictj lfk n`clunt`r quf sf trjcsp`rtj fc uc vfmènuk`

põdkin` (NC\I, 4774).
➤ N`clunt`r5 Fs kj pfrs`cj mjdikitjlj y njpjnitjlj téncinj y tfþrinjhfctf

pjrj `pfrjr uc vfmènuk` (NC\I, 4774).
➤ ^@J\5 ^four` @dkiojt`ri` lf Jnnilfctfs lf \rêcsit` - ^@J\, fk nujk jhpjrj

k`s ljú`s n`rp`rjkfs quf sf njusfc j kjs pfrs`cjs fc jnnilfctfs lf trêcsit`
f iclfhcizj j k`s dfcfainijri`s ` kjs vèntihjs p`r hufrtf ` icnjpjniljl
hélinj sfoõc fk njs`.
➤ JTK
JTK55 Kj Jlhicistrjl`rj lf Tifso`s Kjd`rjkfs (JTK) fs ucj fctiljl
jsfourjl`rj lf vilj, fcnjrojlj lf jaikijr j k`s fhpkfjl`s jk sistfhj ofcfrjk
lf rifso`s
n`ctrj t`l` kjd`rjkfs y lf prfvfcir,
fvfct` rifso`s` quf puflfpr`tfofr y jtfclfr
mjdfr fc j k`skjd`rjk.
uc jhdifctf trjdjejl`rfs
➤ M^FZ5 Fs uc sistfhj lf ofstiþc p`r hfli` lf nujk sf ojrjctizj fk hjcfe`

rfsp`csjdkf lf t`ljs kjs jntiviljlfs lf kj Fhprfsj, pr`h`vifcl` y
hfe`rjcl` kj sjkul lfk pfrs`cjk, ojrjctizjcl` uc trjdje` sic rifso` lf
kfsi`cfs j éstf ` j k`s lfhês, pr`h`vifcl` kj pr`tfnniþc lfk hfli` jhdifctf
y jsfourjcl` kj njkiljl fc k`s pr`nfs`s.
➤ Fstrjtfoij5 N`hprfclf kjs pricnipjkfs `rifctjni`cfs y jnni`cfs

fcnjhicjljs j kòrjr k`s `deftiv`s lf uc pkjc. Fc uc pr`nfs` rfoukjdkf,
n`ceuct` lf kjs rfokjs quf jsfourjc ucj lfnisiþc þptihj fc njlj h`hfct`.
Qfrsiþc5 74
Wêoicj :: lf 1>

Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
➤ Qisiþc5 Fs uc fkfhfct` lf kj pkjcfjniþc fstrjtéoinj quf fcucnij uc fstjl`

autur` lf k` quf lfsfj jknjczjr ucj Fhprfsj fc uc tifhp` lftfrhicjl`,
fxprfsjl` lf hjcfrj rfjkistj y p`sitivj fc térhic`s lf `deftiv`s.

➤ Wkjc lf jnniþc5 N`rrfsp`clf j uc l`nuhfct` quf rfõcf fk n`ceuct` lf
jntiviljlfs fspfnèainjs, k`s rfnurs`s y k`s pkjz`s cfnfsjri`s pjrj jknjczjr
`deftiv`s lf uc pr`yfnt`, jsè n`h` kjs `rifctjni`cfs s`drf kj a`rhj lf
rfjkizjr,, supfrvisjr y fvjkujr kjs jntiviljlfs.
rfjkizjr
➤ Fctiljl5 N`kfntiviljl n`csilfrjlj n`h` uciljl. Fspfnijkhfctf, nujkquifr

n`rp`rjniþc, n`hpjúèj, icstituniþc, ftn." t`hjlj n`h` pfrs`cj eurèlinj.
➤ @rojcizjniþc5 Js`nijniþc lf pfrs`cjs rfoukjlj p`r uc n`ceuct` lf c`rhjs
fc aucniþc lf lftfrhicjl`s aicfs.

➤ Fhprfsj5 Kj fhprfsj fs kj uciljl fn`cþhinj „ s`nijk fc kj quf fk njpitjk,
fk trjdje` y kj lirfnniþc sf n``rlicjc pjrj rfjkizjr ucj pr`lunniþc
s`nijkhfctf õtik, lf jnufrl` n`c kjs fxiofcnijs lfk difc n`hõc. K`s
fkfhfct`s cfnfsjri`s pjrj a`rhjr ucj fhprfsj s`c5 njpitjk, trjdje` y
rfnurs`s hjtfrijkfs.
➤ Qfmènuk`5 \`l` jpjrjt` h`ctjl` s`drf rufljs quf pfrhitf fk trjcsp`rtf lf

pfrs`cjs, jcihjkfs ` n`sjs lf uc puct` j `tr` p`r vèj tfrrfstrf põdkinj `
privjlj jdifrtj jk põdkin` (NCI\. 4774).
➤ Qfmènuk` lf trjnniþc jcihjk5 Qfmènuk` c` h`t`rizjl` mjkjl` ` h`vil` p`r

uc jcihjk (NCI\. 4774).
➤ Qfmènuk` c` jut`h`t`r5 Qfmènuk` quf sf lfspkjzj p`r fk fsaufrz` lf su

n`clunt`r.
Qfrsiþc5 74
Wêoicj :4 lf 1>

Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
<. HJTN@ C@THJ\IQ@
N`c rfkjniþc j k`s sfnt`rfs põdkin` y privjl`, `rojcizjl`s fc fhprfsjs,

icstituni`cfs ` fctiljlfs, jlini`cjk j k` quf kj N`cstituniþc W`kètinj, kj kfoiskjniþc
cjni`cjk, lf hjcfrj fspfnijk fk Nþlio` .Cjni`cjk lf \rêcsit` y \rjcsp`rtf, Kfy ?19
lf 4774 y sus lfnrft`s rfokjhfctjri`s, mfh`s lf n`csilfrjr lf hjcfrj fspfnijk kj
Kfy :67> lf 47:: y fk Lfnrft` 4=6: lf 47:>.
Kj Kfy :67> lf 47:: dusnj lfaicir k`s kicfjhifct`s ofcfrjkfs fc rfsp`csjdikiljl

s`nijk fhprfsjrijk, pjrj pr`h`vfr fc kjs pfrs`cjs kj a`rhjniþc lf mþdit`s,
n`hp`rtjhifct`s y n`cluntjs sfour`s fc kj vèj y fc n`csfnufcnij, kj a`rhjniþc lf
nritfri`s jutþc`h`s, s`kiljrijs y prulfctfs pjrj kj t`hj lf lfnisi`cfs fc
situjni`cfs lf lfspkjzjhifct` ` lf us` lf kj vèj põdkinj.
Fk Jrtènuk` :4 lf kj hfcni`cjlj Kfy, fstjdkfnf quf "\`lj fctil`l, `rojcizjniþc `

fhprfsj lfk sfnt`r põdkin` ` privjl` quf pjrj nuhpkir sus aicfs hisi`cjkfs j fc fk
lfsjrr`kk` lf sus jntiviljlfs p`sfj, ajdriquf, fcsjhdkf, n`hfrnijkinf, n`ctrjtf, `
jlhicistrf akjt`s lf vfmènuk`s jut`h`t`rfs j c` jut`h`t`rfs supfri`rfs j lifz (:7)
uciljlfs, ` n`ctrjtf ` jlhicistrf pfrs`cjk lf n`clunt`rfs, n`ctriduirþc jk `deft` lf
kj prfsfctf Kfy".
Qfrsiþc5 74
Wêoicj :> lf 1>

Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
6. A@T\JKFNIHIFC\@
A@T\JKFNIHIFC\@ LF KJ OF^\IÞC
OF^\IÞC IC^\I\VNI@
IC^\I\VNI@CJK
CJK
6.:. @DE
@DEF\IQ@^
F\IQ@^ LFK WF^Q
6.:.:
6.:.: @deftiv`
@defti v` Of
Ofcfrjk
cfrjk L
Lfk
fk Wkjc Fstr
Fstrjtéoin
jtéoin`
`LLf
f ^fouri ljl Qijk
Wr`tfofr kj vilj lf k`s n`clunt`rfs, pjsjefr`s

pj sjefr`s y pfjt`cfs, p`r hfli` lf uc n`ceuct`
lf jnni`cfs, hfnjcish`s, fstrjtfoijs y hfliljs `rifctjljs j kj prfvfcniþc lf
jnnilfctfs lf trêcsit`, jcukjr ` lishicuir k`s fafnt`s lf k`s hish`s.
6.:.
6.:.4
4 @deftiv`s Fspfnèain`
Fspfnèain`ss Lfk
Lfk Wkjc Fstrjtéoin` Lf ^f
^four
ouriljl
iljl Qijk
➤ Fkjd`rjr, ihpkfhfctjr, fefnutjr y mjnfr sfouihifct` lfk pkjc fstrjtéoin` lf

sfouriljl vijk.
➤ Livukojr y s`nijki
s`nijkizjr
zjr k`s n`cnfpt`s y lfaicini`cfs quf sf lfdfc tfcfr fc nufctj
n`h` fstrunturj lfk pkjc fstrjtéoin` lf sfouriljl vijk.
➤ Ictr`lunir k`s orup`s lf ictfrés fc fk n`c`nihifct

n`c`nihifct`` lf kjs hjciafstjni`cfs lfk
pr`dkfhj lf kj sfouriljl vijk cjni`cjk.
➤ Tfjkizjr fk lijocþstin
lijocþstin`` lf kj sfouriljl vijk fhprfsjrijk.
➤ Ictforjr fk pkjc lf sfouriljl vijk n`c cu

cufstr`
fstr` sistfhj lf ofstiþc ictforjk.
➤ Jsuhir lf hjcfrj p`sitiv
p`sitivj
j quf kj rfsp`csjdikilj
rfsp`csjdikiljll lf kj sfouriljl fs n`hpjrtilj
fctrf t`l`s k`s usujri`s lf kj vèj
➤ Lfaicir ucj fstrunturj n`cnfptujk pjrj kj fvjkujniþc lf kj rfkjniþc n`st`-

dfcfaini` lfk pkjc fstrjtéoin` fhprfsjrijk f icstituni`cjk lf sfouriljl vijk.
Qfrsiþc5 74
Wêoicj :< lf 1>

Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ5
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
6.:.>
6.:.> @defti
@deftiv`
v`ss Lf Kj Kfy
Lf jnufrl`
sfnt`rfs n`c kj
põdkin` c`rhjtiviljl
y privjl` lfdfcviofctf,
pr`nurjrtjct`
quf5k`s niuljljc`s lfk n`hõc n`h` k`s
^f n`ctriduyj j quf kj sfouriljl vijk y kj rfsp`csjdikiljl n`h` jnt`rfs lf

kj vèj sfjc jsuct`s lf ictfrés põdkin` y `deft` lf lfdjtf fctrf k`s
niuljljc`s.
^f n`cnifctinf j k`s pfjt`cfs, pjsjefr`s y n`clunt`rfs s`drf kj cfnfsiljl
lf kòrjr ucj h`vikiljl rjni`cjk y s`stfcidkf.
^f n`cnifctinf j jut`riljlfs, fctiljlfs, Fhprfsj y niuljljc`s lf quf kj
sfouriljl vijk c` sf djsj s`k` fc fk n`c`nihifct` lf c`rhjs y
rfokjhfctjni`cfs, sic` tjhdiéc fc mêdit`s, n`hp`rtjhifct` y n`cluntjs.
^f fstjdkfznj ucj rfkjniþc f ilfctiljl fctf fk n`c`nihifct` tfþrin` s`drf kjs
c`rhjs y trêcsit` y fk n`hp`rtjhifct` fc kj vèj.
6.:.
6.:.<
< Lirfntrin fs Lf Kj Jktj Lirfnniþ
Lirfnniþcc
Hflijctf Jntj lf N`hpr`his` lf Kj Jktj Lirfnniþc hjciaifstj kj v`kuctjl y fk

n`hpr`his` pjrj fk dufc lfsjrr`kk` lfk Wkjc Fstrjtéoin` lf ^fouriljl Qijk,
hflijctf kjs siouifctfs jnni`cfs5
➤ Jp`yjr kj n`csfnun
n`csfnuniþc
iþc lf k`s `deftiv`s lfk Fstjl` fc hjtfrij lf ^fouriljl
Qijk.
➤ \`ljs cufstrjs jntiviljlfs vjc fcnjhicjljs fc fk nuhpkihifct` lf k`s

rfquisit`s kfojkfs, k`s pr`pi`s lf kj fhprfsj y lf `trj ècl`kf, sf puflf
fvilfcnij fc kj fstrunturj icstituni`cjk, p`kètinjs fstjdkfniljs y fk
nuhpkihifct` lf fkkjs.
➤ E`rcjljs lf sfcsidiki
sfcsidikizjniþc
zjniþc lfk fc h
hjtfrij
jtfrij lf ^fouriljl Qijk.
➤ N`hpr`his` lfk pfrs`cjk lf nuhpkir t`ljs kjs c`rhjs lf trjcsit`.
Qfrsiþc5 74
Wêoicj :6 lf 1>

Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
➤ @afrtj pfrhjcfctf, p`r pjrtf lf kj Fhprfsj lf nurs`s lf sfouriljl vijk y

pfrafnni`cjhifct` lf kj n`clunniþc.
➤ Tfjkizjr fk pjo` puctujk lf k`s h`ct`s pr`lunt` lf icarjnni`cfs j kjs c`rhjs

lf trêcsit`.
➤ Wjrj cufstr` pfrs`cjk n`clunt`r, fs rfquisit` iclispfcsjdkf c` tfcfr

n`hpjrfcl`s p`r icarjnni`cfs lf kfy, pjrj fkk` sf rfjkizj sfouihifct` lf
hjcfrj hfcsujk hflijctf kjs n`csuktjs jk îhit (kfy :7=> lfk 47:7 Jrt. :?).
Jlini`cjk, kj Jktj Lirfnniþc fc nnuhpkihifc

Jlini`cjk, uhpkihifct`
t` j kjs p`kètinjs n`rp`rjtivjs fstjdkfniljs
y `deftiv`s fc hjtfrij lf ^fouriljl Qijk sf n`hpr`hftf j lfsiocjr k`s rfnurs`s
aèsin`s, fn`cþhin`s, tfnc`kþoin`s y pfrs`cjk ilþcf` cfnfsjri`s.
Kj Jktj Lirfnniþc
jn`rlf tjhdiéc sf
j kjs cfnfsiljlfs lfn`hpr`hftf j k`sFstjs
kj `rojcizjniþc. hfe`rjhifct`s
lirfntrinfsn`cticu`s lfk WF^Q,j
sfrêc livukojljs
t`l` fk pfrs`cjk lf kj `rojcizjniþc pjrj su fstrint` nuhpkihifct`.
(Qf
Qfrr Jcfx` : Jntj
Jnt j lf N`hpr`
N`hpr`his`
his` lf kj Jktj L
Lirfnni
irfnni þc ).
6.4. N@HI\É LF ^FOVTILJL QIJK
6.4.
6.4.:
: N`ca`r
N`ca`rhjniþc
hjniþc lfk N
N`hit
`hit é lf ^four
^fouriljl
iljl Q
Qijk
ijk
Kj Jktj lirfnniþc lf kj fhprfsj a`rhjkizþ su pjrtinipjniþc hflijctf kj nrfjniþc lf

uc n`hité lf sfouriljl vijk y lfejcl` n`h` rfoistr` uc Jntj lf N`ca`rhjniþc ( Qfr
Jc fx`
Jcfx ` 4 Jn
Jntt j lf N`c a` rh
rhjni
jniþ N`h it é lf ^fou ri l jl Qijk ), fk n`hité lf
þ c lfk N`hit
^fouriljl Qijk sfrê fk hfnjcish` lf n``rlicjniþc fctrf t`l`s k`s icv`kunrjl`s y
nuy` `deftiv` sfrê pkjctfjr, lisfújr, ihpkfhfctjr y hflir kjs jnni`cfs quf pfrhitjc
ofcfrjr n`cnifcnij fctrf fk pfrs`cjk y kòrjr `deftiv`s j ajv`r lf kj sfouriljl vijk
fc kj fhprfsj y kj vilj n`tilijcj lf sus ictforjctfs.
6.4.
6.4.4
4 @deftiv` lfk N
N`hit
`hit é lf ^
^fouril
fouriljl
jl Q
Qijk
ijk
Jcjkizjr, ilfctiainjr, pròrjhjr y ofsti`cjr kjs liafrfctfs jnni`cfs cfnfsjrijs lfk

WF^Q kòrjcl` lishicuir kj jnnilfctjkiljl y ofcfrjcl` n`cnifcnij y n`c`nihifct`
Qfrsiþc5 74
Wêoicj :1 lf 1>

Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
fc sfouriljl vijk lf kjs pjrtfs ictfrfsjljs lf kj `rojcizjniþc jn`rlf n`c k`s

hècih`s fstjdkfnil`s p`r kj jut`riljl n`rrfsp`clifctf.
6.4.
6.4.>
> Ictforjctfs lfk N`hité lf ^f
^four
ouriljl
iljl Q
Qijk
ijk
Kj Jktj Lirfnniþc lfaiciþ k`s ictforjctfs lfk N`hité lf ^fouriljl Qijk lf kj

siouifctf hjcfrj5
Njro` Fc Fk
N`hité Lf Tfsp`csjdkf C`hdr f Ljt`s lf N`ctjnt` Airhj
^fouriljl Qijk
Tjõk ^tivfc >4: 4:< 6?=
N``rlicjl`r lf
Wrfsilfctf @pfrjni`cfs Outifrrfz
Wjstrjcj `pfrjni`cfsGpftr`jclicj.n`
N``rlicjl`r Bjr`k Yjajrky >:? 1<4 1<>>
^fnrftjri`
Jlhicistrjtiv` Kjhikkj Zuiouj jlhicistrjni`cGpftr`jclicj.n`
Tfsp`csjdkf N``rlicjl`r Jclrfs Njklfrþc >:> >?4 16?6
lfk WF^Q M^FZ Tivfrj msfqGpftr`jclicj.n`
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FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
\IW@^ LF QFMÈNVK@^ JK ^FTQINI@ LF WF\T@JCLI

WF\T@JCLICJ
CJ ^FTQINF^
^FTQINF^ ^.J.^.
^.J .^.
\IW@ LF
QFMINVK@ WKJNJ
WKJN J WT@WI@ N@C\TJ\JL@ IHÊOFCF^ LF
TFAFTFCNIJ
\MW4?? ]
Njhiþc lf l`s
(4) Fefs
\MW:76 ]
\rjnt` Njhiþc BVC471 ]

lf l`s (4) fefs _N\=<< ]
^fhirrfh`kquf T>?147 ]
lf l`s (4) fefs T91666 ]
Njdfz`tf lf trfs ^]T=7= ]
(>) fefs \FB9?1 ]
^fhirrfh`kquf T?=4?: ]
lf trfs (>) fefs T=4?<9 ]
Qfrsiþc5 74
Wêoicj 4? lf 1>

Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
NIVLJLF^ LF @WFTJNIÞC LF WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^ ^.J.^.
@TIOFC LF^\IC@
CFIQJ HFKOJT
DJTTJCNJDFTHFEJ CFIQJ
CFIQJ NJT\JOFCJ
DJTTJCNJDFTHFEJ H@^ZVFTJ
CFIQJ NJHW@ @NFK@\F
DJTTJCNJDFTHFEJ ^JC NJTK@^ LF OVJT@J
CFIQJ NJHW@ TVDIJKF^
DJTTJCNJDFTHFEJ QIKKJQINFCNI@
CFIQJ IDJOVF
WVFT\@ JÎ^ CFIQJ
CFIQJ H@^ZVFTJ
YJOVJTJ JIWF
CFIQJ @TI\@
D@O@\J W\@ OJI\JC
CFIQJ WVFT\@ D@YJNJ
NJT\JOFCJ CFIQJ
CFIQJ WVFT\@ JÎ^
WVFT\@ K@WFU CFIQJ
CFIQJ QIKKJQINFCNI@
CFIQJ \IDV
CFIQJ ^JC\J HJT\J
CFIQJ WVFT\@ K@WFU
Qfrsiþc5 74
Wêoicj 4= lf 1>

Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
HFNJCI^H@^
HFNJCI^H@^ LF N@C\TJ\JNI@C LF K @^ QFMINV
QFMINVK@^
K@^
Fk hfnjcish` lf n`ctrjtjniþc lf vfmènuk`s fstê fstipukjl` fc fk pr`nflihifct`

Ofstiþc lf N`hprjs (Qfr Jcfx` = Wr`nflih
Wr`nflihifct`
ifct` Ofstiþc l f NN`hp
`hprjsrjs ), lf fstj
hjcfrj fk N``rlicjl`r lf @pfrjni`cfs s`kinitj y rfvisj k`s l`nuhfct`s rfqufril`s
lfk vfmènuk` y n`clunt`r. Jlini`cjkhfctf pjrj prfstjr fk sfrvini` lf trjcsp`rtf sf
fstipuk` uc a`rhjt` N`ctr`k lf L`nuhfct`s N`clunt`r y Qfmènuk` ( Qfr Jcfx` 9
N`ctr`k lf L`nuhfct`s lf N`clunt`r y Qfmènuk` ), n`c fk `deftiv` lf ljr
nuhpkihifct` j k` fstjdkfnil` fc WF\T@JCLIC
WF\T@JCLICJ J ^FTQINF^ ^.J .^. sf s`kinitj kj
^FTQINF^ ^.J.^.
`rlfc lf n`hprj y/` sfrvini` (Qf
Qfrr Jc fx` :7 @
@rlfc
rlfc l
lffN
N`hp
`hprjrj y/` ^f
^frvin
rvin i` ) pjrj
kj n`ctrjtjniþc lfk vfmènuk`.
HFNJCI^H@^ LF N@C\TJ\JNIÞC LF N@CLVN\@TF^
Fk hfnjcish` lf n`ctrjtjniþc lf k`s n`clunt`rfs fstê fstjdkfnil` fc fk

Wr`nflihifct` Ofstiþc lfk Tfnurs` Muhjc` (Qfr Jcfx` :: Wr`nflihifct`
Ofstiþ
Of stiþ c lfk Tf
Tfnur
nurs`
s` Muhjc` ), fc jqufk l`nuhfct` c`s lj kjs icstrunni`cfs pjrj
icinijr uc pr`nfs` lf n`ctrjtjniþc.
6.?. TIFÔ
TIFÔ@
@ QIJK
6.?.
6.?.:.
:. Lijoc`sti n` Tifso` Qij
Qijkk
WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^ ^.J.^. pjrj lftfrhicjr fk rifso` vijk rfjkizþ uc
nufsti`cjri` jk pfrs`cjk kkjhjl` Nufsti`cjri` Wjrj Lijoc`stin` ^fouriljl Qijk lf

k`s \rjdjejl`rfs (Qfr Jcfx` :4 Nufsti`cjri` Wjrj Lijoc`stin` ^fouriljl Qijk
\rjdjejl`rfs), n`c fk aic lf lftfrhicjr jqufkk`s rifso`s hês arfnufctfs
arfn ufctfs pjrj t`hjr
jnni`cfs y hfe`rjs n`c fk pfrs`cjk lf kj fhprfsj.
6.?.
6.?.4.
4. Jpki
Jpkinjniþc
njniþc lfk Nufsti`c
Nufsti`cjri`
jri` Wj
Wjrj
rj Lijoc`st
Lijoc`stin`
in` ^f
^four
ouriljl
iljl Qij
Qijkk
\rjdjejl`rfs
WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^ ^.J.^. mj rfjkizjl` j t`l`s k`s n`kjd`rjl`rfs fk

nufsti`cjri` pjrj fk lijocþstin` lf sfouriljl vijk tfcifcl` fc nufctj k`s rifso`s lf
kj `pfrjniþc ic-iticfrf y fc hisiþc, fk likiofcnijhifct` lfk nufsti`cjri` quflj
rfoistr` aèsin` fc kj fhprfsj. (Qfr Jcfx` :> Jpkinjniþc Nufsti`cjri` Wjrj
Lijoc`stin` ^fouriljl Qijk \rjdjejl`rfs )
Qfrsiþc5 74
Wêoicj 49 lf 1>

Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
6.?.
6.?.>.
>. N`cs`k iljniþ
iljniþcc y Jcêkisis
Jcêkisi s N
Nufsti
ufsti`cjri`
`cjri` Wjrj Lijoc`st in` ^f
^four
ouriljl
iljl Qij
Qijkk
\rjdjejl`rfs.
WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^ ^.J.^. n`cs`kil` kjs fcnufstjs y sf rfoistrjr`c
lftjkkjljhfctf k`s rfsuktjl`s fc fk l`nuhfct` tjdukjniþc y rfkjniþc lfk lijocþstin`
sfouriljl vijk trjdjejl`r (Qfr Jcfx` :< N`cs`kiljniþc y Jcêkisis lfk
Nufsti`cjri`
Nufsti`c jri` l
lff^
^fouril
fouril jl Qijk \
\rjdjej
rjdjejl`r
l`rfs
fs)
6.?.
6.?.<.
<. Lf
Lfaic
aiciniþ
iniþ c lf T
Tifso`s
ifso`s Qijkf
Qijkfss lf WF\T@
WF\T@JCLICJ
JCLICJ ^FTQINF^ ^.J .^.
^FTQINF^ ^.J.^.
WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^ ^.J.^. Jpkinj ucj hft`l`kòèj sistfhêtinj, n`c

jknjcnf s`drf t`l`s k`s pr`nfs`s y jntiviljlfs ruticjrijs y c` ruticjrijs, ictfrcjs `
fxtfrcjs, Qfmènuk`s, t`l`s k`s nfctr`s lf trjdje` y t`l`s k`s trjdjejl`rfs
iclfpfclifctfhfctf lf su a`rhj lf n`ctrjtjniþc y vicnukjniþc, quf kf pfrhitj
ilfctiainjr k`s pfkior`s y fvjkujr k`s rifso`s fc sfouriljl y sjkul fc fk trjdje`, n`c
fk aic lf pri`rizjrk`s y fstjdkfnfr k`s n`ctr`kfs cfnfsjri`s, rfjkizjcl` hflini`cfs
jhdifctjkfs nujcl` sf rfquifrj.
Kj ilfctiainjniþc lf pfkior`s y fvjkujniþc lf k`s rifso`s fs lfsjrr`kkjlj p`r

WF\T@JCLICJ
WF\T@JCLIC J ^FTQIN
^FTQINF^ ^.J .^. n`c kj pjrtinipjniþc y n`hpr`his` lf t`l`s k`s
F^ ^.J.^.
civfkfs lf kj Fhprfsj y fstê l`nuhfctjlj fc Hjtriz Ilfctiainjniþc lf Wfkior`s,
Qjk`rjniþc lf Tifso`s y Lftfrhicjniþc lf N`ctr`kfs (Qfr Jcfx` :6 Hjtriz lf
ilfctiainjniþc lf Wfkior`s, Qjk`rjniþc lfk Tifso` y Wkjcfs lf Jnniþc ).
Qfrsiþc5 74
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Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ5
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
6.?.
6.?.6.
6. Nj
Njkiai
kiai njniþc y Nkjsiainjni þc lf Tifso`
Tifso`ss Qij
Qijkfs
kfs
AJN\@T LF AVFC\F LF WFKIOT@ FAFN\@^

TIFÔ@
\rjcsit` ofcfrjl` jk trjcsp`rtjrsf
fc fk vfmènuk` liafrfctfs siti`s
aufrj lf kj niuljl, icn`cvfcifctfs Nm`qufs, mfriljs, arjnturjs y
^fouriljl
p`r kj vèj tjkfs n`h` picnmjrsf, hufrtf.
rfpjrjni`cfs, ihprulfcnij lf
`tr`s n`clunt`rfs.
Jtrjn`s, sfnufstr`s, jtfctjl`s O`kpfs, mfriljs, arjnturjs,
Wõdkin`
tfrr`ristjs,
tfrr`ristjs, js`cjl`s.
js`cjl`s. icvjkilfz y hufrtf
Fct`rpfnihifct` lf kj tjrfj,
N`hp`rtjhfctjkfs Wr`dkfhjs pfrs`cjkfs, ajktj lf mfriljs, pucz`cfs,
n`cnfctrjniþc
n`cnfctrjniþc y listrjnni`cf
listrjnni`cfs.
s. jnnilfctfs lf trjdje` fc
ofcfrjk
Tjlijniþc c` i`cizjctf5 ljú`s j civfkfs `nukjrfs
Aèsin` Ofcfrjl` p`r kj kuz s`kjr jk (nristjkic`) p`sidkf nêcnfr lf
lfspkjzjrsf p`r kj njkkf. pifk
Icnfcli`, fxpk`si`cfs pr`v`njl`s
@tr`s Ajtjkiljl
p`r k`s hjtfrijkfs trjcsp`rtjl`s.
Wucz`cfs, mfriljs, nm`qufs,
jtrjpjhifct`s, hjnmun`cfs y
Hfnêcin` Icjlfnujl` hjcfe` lfk Qfmènuk`.
jnnilfctfs lf trjdje` fc
ofcfrjk.
îsh`, lfskizjhifc
lfskizjhifct`,
t`,
\frrfh`t`s, jtrjpjhifct`s,
Ofcfrjl` p`r kj cjturjkfzj
Cjturjk mfriljs, arjnturjs, ajtjkiljl,
"njhdi`s nkihêtin`s sfoõc kj
ftn.
rfoiþc l`clf sf fcnufctrf"
Ict`xinjniþc, ajtioj,
Di`kþoin` Winjlurjs ` jtjqufs lf jcihjkfs micnmjzþc, hjrf`, l`k`r
(jvispjs, nukfdrjs, jkjnrjcfs.)
jkjnrjcfs.) ofcfrjk.
Jafnni`cfs j civfk lfk sistfhj
Zuèhin` Wrfsfcnij lf vjp`rfs p`r kj njroj rfspirjt`ri`, ict`xinjniþc,
quf sf hjcfej. hjrf`s, cêusfjs.
(Qfr Jcfx` :6 Hjtriz lf ilfctiainjniþc lf Wfkior`s, Qjk`rjniþc lfk Tifso` y
Wkjcfs lf Jnniþ
Jnniþcc ) Kj hft`l`kòèj utikizjlj fc kj jctfri`r auf kj O\N <6.
Qfrsiþc5 74
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Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
6.=. WKJCF^ LF JNNI@C LF TIFÔ@^

TIFÔ@^ QIJKF^
6.=.
6.=.:.
:. Wkjcf
Wkjcfss lf Jnniþ
Jnniþcc Ajnt`r Muhjc`
Wkjc lf Jnniþc @deftiv` Jnni`c fs Hf

Hfe`rfs
e`rfs prjntin js Tfnurs`s
rfjkizjr
N`cnifctizjr j
njhpjúj pjrj vioikjr fk us`
t`l` fk
ljr j n`c`nfr n`rrfnt` lfk hjtfrijk
C@ V^@ LF pfrs`cjk
fk us` lfk nicturþc lf lilêntin`
NIC\VT@C LF fxpufst` jk us`
nicturþc lf sfouriljl njpjnitjl`r
^FOVTILJL n`rrfnt` lfk
sfouriljl rfp`rtjr n`cliniþc n`hpftfctf
nicturþc lf n`h` pjsjefr` icsfourj
sfouriljl
y n`clunt`r
Tfjkizjr
Fvitjr
njhpjúj pjrj
listrjnni`cfs
kòrjr quf fk ilfctiainjr y
hifctrjs n`clunf.
pfrs`cjk fvitjr
(us` lf nfkukjr,
fxpufst` t`hf situjni`cf
situjni`cfss lf hjtfrijk
pjsjefr`s, hõsinj
n`cnifcnijj fc
n`cnifcni listrjnniþc lilêntin`
LI^\TJNNI@CF^ fc jkt` v`kuhfc,
kj orjvfljl lfk hifctrjs njpjnitjl`r
fctrf `tr`s y n`h`
rifso` nujcl` n`clunf fk n`hpftfctf
pfjtþc (us` lf
sf prfsfctjc vfmènuk` y fk
nfkukjr julèa`c`s,
listrjnni`cfs pfjtþc
hifctrjs usj pudkiniljl, fctrf
`tr`s)
kjs vèjs
Tfjkizjr n`clunniþc n`c
hjtfrijk
njhpjújs pjrj prfnjuniþc,
lilêntin`
fk c` us` lf rfspftjcl` k`s
N`cnifctizjr jk njpjnitjl`r
fxnfs`s lf kèhitfs lf
pfrs`cjk n`hpftfctf
vfk`niljl vfk`niljl
F]NF^@ LF n`clunt`r fc fk
mjnfr jnnfs` j
QFK@NILJL c` us` lf
sfouihifct` pkjtja`rhj
fxnfs` lf icvitjr jk n`clunt`r
lijri` lf lfk vfmènuk`
vfk`niljl j lishicuir kj
fxnfs`s lf n`hputjl`r
vfk`niljl
vfk`niljl, y sistfhjs lf
mjnfr fk n`hucinjniþc
Qfrsiþc5 74
Wêoicj >4 lf 1>

Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
Wkjc lf Jnniþc @deftiv` Jnni`c fs Hf

Hfe`rfs
e`rfs prjntin js Tfnurs`s
kkjhjl` pjrj
quf sf rfoukf
kj vfk`niljl
N`cnifctizjr j
t`l` fk
Tfjkizjr pfrs`cjk quf
pfrs`cjk hjtfrijk
C@ JNJ\JT njpjnitjniþc rfspftf kj c`rhj
fxpufst` jk us` lilêntin`
^FÚJKF^ LF s`drf kjs lf trêcsit` c`
n`rrfnt` y njpjnitjl`r
\TJCÎ\@ c`rhjs lf prfsfctj
rfspft` p`r kjs n`hpftfctf
trjcsit` jnnilfctjkiljl
sfújkfs lf
trjcsit`
rfjkizjr
njhpjújs lf
Zuf fk
livukojniþc y Fvilfcnijr quf
pfrs`cjk t`hf
s`nijkizjniþc jk n`clunt`r y
V^@ LFK NJ^@ n`cnifcnij lfk hjtfrijk
pfrs`cjk s`drf pjsjefr` lf h`t`
LF ^FOVTILJL us` n`rrfnt` lilêntin`
kj ihp`rtjcnij usf fk njsn` y fk
NMJKFN@ lfk njsn` y njpjnitjl`r
lfk us` nmjkfn` rfakfntiv`
TFAKFN\IQ@ nmjkfn` n`hpftfctf
n`rrfnt` lfk lf hjcfrj
rfakfntiv`s pjrj
njsn` y n`rrfntj
h`t`
nmjkfn`
rfakfntiv`s
Qfrsiþc5 74
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Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
6.=.
6.=.4.
4. Wkjcf
Wkjcfss lf Jnniþ
Jnniþcc Ajnt`r Qf
Qfmènuk
mènuk`s
`s
Wkjc lf Jnniþc @deftiv` Jnni`c fs Tf

Tfnurs`
nurs` s
Hjctfcfr k`s vfmènuk`s

Qfmènuk`s Fc lf kj `rojcizjniþc fc Hjctfcfr uc pròrjhj lf
Aèsin`s
Dufc Fstjl` jlfnujl` hjctfcihifct`
aucni`cjhifct`
\fcfr y nuhpkir uc pròrjhj
lf hjctfcihifct` lf vfmènuk`s.
Wròrjhjr t`l`s k`s
Hjctfcihifct` Tfjkizjr kjs icspfnni`cfs
hjctfcihifct`s lfk Aèsin`s
Wrfvfctiv` pkjcfjljs lfctr` lfk pkjc lf
vfmènuk`
trjdje` jcujk lf kj
`rojcizjniþc.
Hflijctf kjs icspfnni`cfs
Lftfnniþc lf k`s
prf`pfrjni`cjkfs lf k`s
hjctfcihifct`s
Hjctfcihifct` vfmènuk`s jctfs lf icinijr k`s
n`rrfntiv`s j tifhp` Aèsin`s
n`rrfntiv` vijefs lftfntjr k`s
pjrj fvitjr ljú`s fc
hjctfcihifct`s
hjctfci hifct`s n`rrfntiv`s j
k`s vfmènuk`s.
rfjkizjr.
6.=.
6.=.>.
>. Wkjcf
Wkjcfss lf Jnniþ c Aj
Ajnt`
nt`rr Icarjf
Icarjfstru
stru ntu
nturj
rj
Wkjc lf Jnniþc @deftiv` Jnni`

Jnni`cfs
cfs Tfnurs`s
Mjnfr uc jlfnujl`
Tfjkizjr fk rut` orjhj
Fstuli` lf Tutjs fstuli` lf Tutjs Tut` orjhj
n`h` djsf pjrj fk fstuli`.
fxtfrcjs
^f mjnf n`ctr`k hflijctf
k`s pr`nflihifct`
pr`nflihifct`ss
fstjdkfnil`s fc kj
Wkjciainjr k`s
Jlhicistrjniþc lf
Jlhicistrjniþc `rojcizjniþc pjrj kj Wr`nflihifct`s
lfspkjzjhifct`s lf
Tutjs jlquisiniþc lf vfmènuk`s y @pfrjtiv`s.
k`s vfmènuk`s
v fmènuk`s
pfrs`cjk y n``rlicjr fstjs
jntiviljlfs jctfs lf icinijr
k`s vijefs.
Qfrsiþc5 74
Wêoicj >< lf 1>

Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
Wkjc lf Jnniþc @deftiv` Jnni`

Jnni`cfs
cfs Tfnurs`s
^`p`rtf tfnc`kþoin`
hflijctf fk rjstrf`
^jtfkitjk OW^, pjrj kj
udinjniþc fc tifhp` rfjk lf
Mjnfr n`ctr`k y
Jp`y` lf k`s vfmènuk`s.
sfouihifct` j k`s \fnc`kòin`
\fnc`kþoin` Hjctfcfr uc pr`vffl`r
vfmènuk`s.
jut`rizjl` y quf nufctf
n`c fk s`p`rtf tfnc`kþoin`
lfk hish` pjrj fk rjstrf`
lf k`s vfmènuk`s.
6.=.
6.=.<.
<. Wkjcf
Wkjcfss lf Jnniþ
Jnniþcc Ajnt`r Jtfcniþ c j Q
Qinti
inti hjs
Zué Mjnfr
Mjnfr Y Zué C` Mj
Mjnfr
nfr Fc Njs` Lf Jnnil
Jnn ilfctfs
fctfs
➤ NJ^@ :5 Wfrs`cj icn`csnifctf fc uc Jnnilfctf
Fs nujcl` fc uc jnnilfctf kj pfrs`cj quf c` rfsp`clf j cicoõc kkjhjl`5 v`z,

`k`r ` fstèhuk`.
✞ Zué mjnfr fc njs` lf jnnilfctf
• Jnérqufsf j kj pfrs`cj n`c prfnjuniþc.

• Ilfctiaèqufsf àrfnifcl` jyulj.
• Qfriaiquf si rfsp`clf ` c`.
• Jsfoõrfsf quf ustfl ` kj pfrs`cj c` n`rrfc pfkior` jlini`cjk.
• Fc njs` jairhjtiv`, jnt ivf fk sistfhj lf fhfrofcnijs hélinjs. Kkjhf jk
:46/:4> fc vèj urdjcj y #?1? `pniþc 6 fc njrrftfrjs.
• Wr`téejsf ustfl.
✞ Zué c` mjnfr fc uc Jnnilfct

Jnnilfctff
• C` jrrèf jouj j kj njrj, ci `dkiouf j t`hjrkj.
• C` hufvj j kj pfrs`cj drusnjhfctf,

drusnj hfctf, yj quf puflf fhpf` rjr `trjs kfsi`cfs.
Qfrsiþc5 74
Wêoicj >6 lf 1>

Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ5
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
➤ NJ^@ 45 ^jcorjl` (mfh`rrjoij)
Fs kj sjkilj lf sjcorf, fc fsnjsj ` jducljctf njctiljl, p`r aufrj lf uc vjs`

sjcouècf` (vfcj ` jrtfrij). Fc jkouc`s trjuhjs orjvfs, fk sjcorjl` puflf sfr
ictfrc` y fk pjnifctf puflf fstjr arè`, pêkil`, sul`r`s`, n`cauclil`, tfhdk`r`s`,
hjrfjl`, lédik ` n`c sufú`.
Wuflfc prfsfctjrsf sjcorjl`s jducljctfs lf ictfstic`, fstþhjo` `

oicfn`kþoin`s, quf lfdfc sfr trjtjl`s n`c urofcnij.
✞ Zué mjnfr fc njs` llff sjcorjl`

rê pil` fk sistfhj lf fhfrofcnijs hélinjs.
• î kj mfrilj fs huy orjclf, jntivf rêpil`
Kkjhf jk :46/:4> vèj urdjcj y #?1? `pniþc > fc njrrftfrjs.
• Wþcojsf oujctfs.
✞ Zué c` mjnfr
•î mjy uc `deft` nkjvjl` fc kj pifk (vilri`, hftjk, ftnétfrj) c` k` rftirf.
•C` utikinf t`rciquftfs, juhfctjc kjs kfsi`cfs y liainuktjc fk hjcfe` p`stfri`r.
•C` jpkiquf sustjcnijs n`h` tifrrj, njaé, tfkjrjújs, ftnétfrj , s`drf kj mfrilj5
puflfc njusjr icafnni`cfs.
➤ NJ^@ >5 Arjnturjs
Vcj arjnturj fs kj rupturj ` r`hpihifct` t`tjk ` pjrnijk lf uc mufs`, njusjlj

ofcfrjkhfctf p`r uc o`kpf aufrtf ` p`r ucj njèlj.
✞ Nþh` rfn`c`nfr ucj arjnturj5
• L`k`r fc fk siti` lf kj arjnt urj, quf juhfctj n`c fk h`vihifct`.
Qfrsiþc5 74
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Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
• Liainuktjl pjrj h`vfr fk hifhdr` arjnturjl`.

• Micnmjzþc fc fk kuojr lf kj arjnturj.
• Lfa`rhiljl lfk hifhdr` arjnturjl` p`r njhdi` lf p`siniþc lfk
lf k mufs`.
• ^jkilj ` fxp`siniþc lfk mufs` (j vfnfs).
✞ Zué mjnfr fc njs` lf arjnturjs

• Jntivf fk sistfhj urdjcj y
sistfhj lf fhfrofcnijs hélinjs. Kkjhf jk :46/:4> fc vèj urdjcj
#?1? `pniþc 6 fc kj njrrftfrj.
• Wrfouctf lþclf kf lufkf y qué kihitjniþc tifcf.

• N`ctr`kf fk l`k`r ich`vikizjcl` kj fxtrfhiljl. Vtikinf pjrj fkk` njrtþc, tjdkikkjs,
t`jkkjs, rfvistjs u `tr` hjtfrijk quf lishicuyj kj h`vikiljl lfk arjohfct`
jafntjl` y c` njusf hês ljú`.
✞ Zué c` mjnfr fc njs` lf arjnturjs
• \rjtf lf c` h`vikizjr kj fxtrfhiljl ` jk pjnifctf j hfc`s quf sfj

suhjhfctf cfnfsjri` mjstj quf kkfouf kj jyulj.
• C` ictfctf rfjn`h`ljr fk mufs` j kj aufrzj.
• C` jpkiquf t`rciquftfs.
✞ °Zué mjnfr fc njs` lf jd`rljef p`r orup`s jk hjrofc lf kj kfy `

lfkicnufcnij
lfkicnufcnij n`hõc0
• Wr`nurjr hjctfcfr kj njkhj

• C` fctrjr fc n`car`ctjniþc aèsinj ` vfrdjk
• C` p`coj fc rifso` kj vilj
v ilj lf kjs pfrs`cjs ci kj suyj trjtjcl` lf muir.
• î sf kf s`kinitj djejrsf lfk vfmènuk `, mêojk` sic lfh`rj.
• î kf `dkiojc j trjcsp`rtjr pfrs`cjk ` fkfhfct`s trjtf fc k` p`sidkf lf
cfo`nijr lfejr fc Kidfrtjl fk pfrs`cjk quf k` jn`hpjúj.
fcnufc trj jsfourjl` y fs k` hfc`s ihp`rtjctf
• Tfnufrlf quf fk vfmènuk` sf fcnufctrj
• Lf jvis` j kjs jut`riljlfs tjc pr`ct` tfcoj kj p`sidikiljl

• ^f hjcfejrê uc nþlio` privjl`, quf pr`tfnniþc iclustrijk fstjrê suhicistrjcl`
Qfrsiþc5 74
Wêoicj >? lf 1>

Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
pfriþlinjhfctf pjrj jp`yjr k`s fvfct`s quf sf pufljc prfsfctjr, jk pfrs`cjk

quf n`clunf vfmènuk`s y quf sf fcnufctrf fc rifso` lurjctf kj h`vikizjniþc.
✞ °Zué mjnfr fc njs` lf t`rhfctj, icucljniþc u nujkquifr `tr` fvfct` quf

sf rfkjni`cf n`c rfnurs`s cjturjkfs lurjctf kj h`vikizjniþc0
• Lftfcoj fk vfmènuk`
• C` ictfctf n`clunir fc n`clini`cfs icjlfnujljs lf sfouriljl
• N`csfrvf kj njkhj
• C` ictfctf lfsjaijr kj cjturjkfzj
• Jkéefsf k` hês quf puflj lfk vfmènuk`
• Dusquf uc kuojr sfour` pjrj su pr`tfnniþc
• Vtikinf k`s fkfhfct`s lf pr`tfnniþc pfrs`cjk jlfnujl`s (d`tjs, oujctfs,

Ihpfrhfjdkf, ftn…)
• Tfp`rtf j su efaf ichflijt` y/` n``rlicjniþ c lf kòèstinj pjrj jntivjr k`s

rfnurs`s lf rfsnjtf ilþcf`s y pkjc lf fhfrofcnij (d`hdfr`s „ orõj „
pfrs`cjk fspfnijkizjl` „ lfafcsj nivik „ trjcsit` „ p`kinèj lf njrrftfrjs „ ftn…)
fk rfp`rtf lfdf sfr nkjr` n`c n``rlfcjljs, ljt`s y fvfct`s nkjr`s lf k`
sunflil`.
• Hjctfcoj n`hucinjniþc pfrhjcfctf y c` `nupf fk tfkéa`c` sic cfnfsiljl.
6.9. IHWKFHFC\J
IHWKFHFC\JNI@C
NI@C LF JNNI@CF^ LFK WF^Q
\`ljs kjs jntiviljlfs lfaiciljs y pròrjhjljs pjrj nuhpkir n`c fk pr`nfs` lf

ihpkfhfctjniþc y ofstiþc lfk WF^Q sf n`ctfhpkjc hflijctf fk Wròrjhj lf
Ofstiþc lf Tifso`s fc ^fouriljl Qijk fc ^fouriljl Qijk ( Qfr Jcfx` :1 Wròrjhj
Wròr jhj
lf Ofsti
Ofstiþc
þc l f T
Tifso`
ifso` lf ^f
^four
ouriljl
iljl Qijk ), sf jleuctjrêc y mjrê pjrtf lfk pkjc lf
njpjnitjni`cfs fc l`clf sf jntujkizjrê n`cticujhfctf pjrj rfjkizjr sfouihifct` y
vfriainjniþc n`rrfsp`cl
n`rrfsp`clifctf.
ifctf.
Qfrsiþc5 74
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Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
WF\T@JCLICJ
WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^ ^.J .^. Fc su n`hpr`his` n`c fk WF^Q mj lfsticjl`
^FTQINF^ ^.J.^.
uc`s rfnurs`s pjrj ljr nuhpkihifct` j t`l` k` quf sf mj pkjciainjl` p`r fefnutjr, j
fst`s rfnurs`s sf kfs kkfvjrj uc sfouihifct` hflijctf uc prfsupufst` y quf sf
jleuctj j fstf pkjc. (Qf
Qfrr Jcfx`
Jc fx` :? W
Wrfsup
rfsup ufst` Jcujk lf ^fouril
^fouriljljl QQijk)
ijk)
6.:7. ^FOVIHIFC\@ Y FQJK

FQJKVJNI@C
VJNI@C LF WKJCF^
WK JCF^ LF JNNI@C LFK WF^Q
6.:7
6.:7.:
.:.. Iclinjl` rfs lfk Wkj
Wkjc
c Fstrjtéoin` lf ^four
^fouriljl
iljl Qijk
Qijk
Kj n`hpjúèj tifcf fstjdkfnil` ucj pkjtja`rhj fstrjtéoinj, l`clf sf icnkuyfc k`s

iclinjl`rfs lfk pkjc fstrjtéoin` lf sfouriljl vijk, quf c`s pfrhitf `dtfcfr kj
ica`rhjniþc s`drf kj hjtfrijkizjniþc
hjtfrijki zjniþc rfjk lf kjs jnni`cfs icnkuiljs fc fk pkjc ` s`drf
k`s rfsuktjl`s quf sf pufljc ofcfrjr, jlfhês s`drf kj fv`kuniþc lf fstjs jnni`cfs
lurjctf su lfsjrr`kk`.
➤ Iclinjl` rfs Lf Tf
Tfsuk
suktjl`
tjl`
^`c jqufkk`s iclinjl`rfs quf vjc j pfrhitir j kj fhprfsj n`c`nfr fk orjl` lf

nuhpkihifct` lf k`s `deftiv`s quf sf mj hjrnjl`.
WFTI@L@
AVFC\F LF TF^W@C^JDKF
LF^NTIWNI@C ICLINJL@T HF\J LF
ICA@THJNI@C
HFLINI@C
Cõhfr` lf
icnilfctfs y
jnnilfctfs lf
Cõhfr` lf trêain` fc kj vèj
Tfp`rtfs lf
icnilfctfs y prfsfctjl`s /
icnilfctfs y M^FZ 7 \rihfstrjk
jnnilfctfs lf \`tjk lf
jnnilfctfs
trêain` fc kj vèj icnilfctfs y
jnnilfctfs
prfsfctjl`s
] :77
Qfrsiþc5 74
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Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
WFTI@L@
ICA@THJNI@C
HFLINI@C
Cõhfr` lf
jnnilfctfs lf
trêain` fc kj vèj
prfsfctjl`s/
\jsj lf Cõhfr` lf Tfp`rtfs lf
jnnilfctfs lf pfrs`cjs jnnilfctfs M^FZ ;84% \rihfstrjk
trêain` fc kj vèj fxpufstjs jk fc kj JTK
rifso` lf
jnnilfctfs lf
trêain` fc kj vèj
* :77
Ihpjnt`
fn`cþhin` lf N`st`s lirfnt`s
Tfp`rtf lf
k`s icnilfctfs + N`st`s N`ctjdikiljl ;8:7^HKH \rihfstrjk
n`st`s
lf trêain` fc kj iclirfnt`s
vèj
Ihpjnt`
fn`cþhin` lf N`st`s lirfnt`s Tfp`rtf lf
k`s jnnilfctfs + N`st`s n`st`s N`ctjdikiljl ;8:7^HKH \rihfstrjk
lf trêain` fc kj iclirfnt`s n`ctjdikiljl
vèj
Cõhfr` lf
vfmènuk`s
Njctiljl lf icspfnni`cjl`s
Wròrjhj lf
vfmènuk`s / Cõhfr` lf M^FZ 97% \rihfstr
\rihfstrjk
jk
icspfnni`cfs
icspfnni`cjl`s vfmènuk`s j
icspfnni`cjr
]:77
Qfrsiþc5 74
Wêoicj <7 lf 1>

Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ5
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
WFTI@L@
ICA@THJNI@C
HFLINI@C
Cõhfr` lf
n`clunt`rfs
kfsi`cjl`s fc
jnnilfctfs lf
% lf trêain` fc kj vèj N`ctr`k lf \jkfct`
7% \rihfstrjk
jafntjniþc /\`tjk lf jusfctish` muhjc`
jnnilfctfs lf
trêain` fc kj vèj
prfsfctjl`s
x:77
Cõhfr` lf lèjs
lf icnjpjniljl
p`r jnnilfctfs
% lf lf trêain` fc kj N`ctr`k lf \jkfct`
;8:7 \rihfstrjk
jafntjniþc vèj /\`tjk lf jusfctish` muhjc`
jnnilfctfs lf
trêain` fc kj vèj
prfsfctjl`s
Cõhfr` lf lèjs
n`c vfmènuk`s
c` lisp`cidkfs
p`r jnnilfctfs
% lf lf trêain` fc kj \rjcsp`rtf
\rjcsp`rtf 7% \rihfstrjk
jafntjniþc vèj /\`tjk lf M^FZ
jnnilfctfs lf
trêain` fc kj vèj
prfsfctjl`s
x:77
Qfrsiþc5 74
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Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
WFTI@L@
ICA@THJNI@C
HFLINI@C
Cõhfr` lf
usujri`s n`c
kfsi`cfs orjvfs
p`r jnnilfctfs
Tfp`rtf lfk
lf trêain` fc kj M^FZ
Kfsi`cfs jnnilfctf
vèj / \`tjk lf Orup` 7% \rihfstrjk
orjvfs Icvfstiojniþc
usujri`s icvfstiojl`r
lf jnnilfctf
icv`kunrjl`s fc
fk jnnilfctf lf
trêain` fc kj vèj
]:77
Cõhfr` lf
usujri`s quf
hufrfc p`r
jnnilfctf lf
Tfp`rtf lfk
trêain` fc kj vèj M^FZ
jnnilfctf
Hufrtfs / \`tjk lf Orup` 7% \rihfstrjk
Icvfstiojniþc
usujri`s icvfstiojl`r
icv`kunrjl`s fc lf jnnilfctf
fk jnnilfctf lf
trêain` fc kj vèj
* :77
➤ Iclinjl`rfs Lf Jntiviljl
^`c jqufkk`s iclinjl`rfs quf àrfnfc ica`rhjniþc s`drf fk orjl` lf n`csfnuniþc

lf kjs jnni`cfs quf n`ca`rhjc fk pkjc, jkouc`s fefhpk`s s`c5
Qfrsiþc5 74
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Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
AVFC\F LF
TF^W@CJD WFTI@L@ LF
LF^NTIWNI@C LFAICINI@C ICA@THJNI HF\J
KF HFLINI@C
@C
Cõhfr` lf Cõhfr` lf hjtriz lf
pfrs`cjk pfrs`cjs a`rhjljs njpjnitjniþc
\jkfct`
a`rhjl` fc / \`tjk lf pfrs`cjs p`r njro`s :77% \rihfstrjk
Muhjc`
^fouriljl j a`rhjr fc rfoistr` lf
Qijk. sfouriljll vijk * :77
sfourilj jsistfcnij
Nuhpkihifct`
Cõhfr` lf
fc k`s
hjctfcihifct`s Wròrjhj lf
pròrjhjs lf
rfjkizjl`s / \`tjk lf hjctfcihifc M^FZ 97% \rihfstrjk
hjctfcihifct` hjctfcihifct`s t`
lf k`s
pròrjhjl`s * :77
vfmènuk`s.
Cuhfr` lf Cõhfr` lf hjtriz lf
fvjkujni`cfs fvjkujni`cfs njpjnitjniþc
\jkfct`
prêntinjs lf rfjkizjljs / \`tjk lf p`r njro`s :77% \rihfstrjk
Muhjc`
k`s fvjkujni`cfs rfoistr` lf
n`clunt`rfs. pròrjhjl`s * :77 jsistfcnij
6.:7.4. JVLI\@TIJ^
N`h` hfnjcish` quf ajnikitf fk hfe`rjhifct`, sf ihpkfhfctjrêc pròrjhjs

jcujkfs lf julit`rij ictfrcj jcujk n`c fk aic lf vfriainjr si kjs jntiviljlfs lfk WF^Q
sf kkfvjc j njd` lf jnufrl` n`c k` fstjdkfnil` p`r kj kfy.
^`c jspfnt`s aucljhfctjkfs lf fstf hfnjcish`5
- Wkjcfjr y fafntujr kjs julit`rèjs ictfrcjs y lf n`ctrjtistjs n`c pfrs`cjk

n`hpftfctf, hflijctf kj jpkinjniþc lf téncinjs lf julit`rij lfdiljhfctf
lfaiciljs
Qfrsiþc5 74
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Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
- Jsfourjr fk nifrrf `p`rtuc` lfk nink` lf julit`rij p`r k`s rfsp`csjdkfs lf k`s
pr`nfs`s, t`hjcl` jnni`cfs n`rrfntivjs fainjnfs quf fkihicfc kj njusj lf
k`s mjkkjzo`s rfp`rtjl`s.
- Mjnfr sfouihifct` j k`s rfsuktjl`s lf julit`rij ictfrcj y n`ctrjtistj.
- Wr`vffr ica`rhjniþc sustfctjlj pjrj fstjdkfnfr si kj c`rhj rfsp`clf lf
hjcfrj fafntivj y prêntinj j k`s nritfri`s lf `deftiviljl.
Fs rfsp`csjdikiljl lf kj Ofrfcnij euct` n`c fk N``rlicjl`r M^FZ kj pròrjhjniþc

y prfpjrjniþc lf julit`rij pjrj fk pr`nfs` lf ^fouriljl Qijk.
Fc fk n`hité lf sfouriljl vijk sf rfvisjrêc, jcjkizjrêc y mjrê sfouihifct` k`s

rfsuktjl`s ofcfrjkfs y pjrtinukjrfs lf kjs julit`rèjs y sf lfaicirêc jnni`cfs, pjs`s
j sfouir y fstrjtfoijs.
WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^ ^.J.^. \ifcf uc pr`nflihifct` pjrj kj rfjkizjniþc lf

julit`rèjs Wr`nflihifct` Julit`rèjs Ictfrcjs (Qfr Jcfx` := Wr`nflihifct` lf
Jul
Ju l it`
it ` rèjs Ictfr
Ic tfrcjs
cjs ), fk nujk tifcf fk `deftiv` lf Fstjdkfnfr k`s pricnipi`s lf
julit`rèjs lf prihfrj pjrtf y lf sfouclj pjrtf n`c fk aic lf lftfrhicjr si fk sistfhj
lf ofstiþc M^FZ fs n`ca`rhf n`c kjs lisp`sini`cfs pkjciainjljs, n`c k`s rfquisit`s
lf kjs c`rhjs I^@ 977:5477=, I^@:<77:5477<, @^MJ^ :=77:5477? y Fstêcljr
C@T^@B ^-7715477> (Qf Qfrr Jcfx`
Jc fx` := W
Wrò
rò rjhj lf Julit`
Julit`rèjs
rèjs IIctfrcjs
ctfrcjs ).
1. N@HW@T\JHIFC\@ MVHJC@
1.:. WT@NFLIHIFC\@ LF ^FKFNNIÞC LF N@CLVN\@TF^.
1.:.
1.:.:.
:. W
Wfraik
fraik l fk n`cl unt` r.
WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^ ^.J.^, mj fstjdkfnil` uc hjcujk n`c k`s pfraikfs lf

njlj n`clunt`r lf kj `rojcizjniþc fc aucniþc jk tip` lf vfmènuk`s quf vj j n`clunir
lf kj `rojcizjniþc, n`c fk aic lf ilfctiainjr y ojrjctizjr kj n`hpftfcnij lfk
pfrs`cjk(Qfr Jcfx` 47 Hjcujk
Hjcujk l f N
N`hp
`hpftf
ftfcni
cnijsjs kjd`rjkfs)
Qfrsiþc5 74
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Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
1.:.
1.:.4.
4. Wr`nflih
Wr`nflihifct`
ifct` Lf ^f
^fkfnniþ
kfnniþcc Lf N`clu nt`r
nt`rfs
fs
WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^ ^.J.^, mj lfaicil` uc pr`nflihifct`, fc fk nujk sf

fxprfsj lf hjcfrj nkjrj njlj ucj lf kjs jntiviljlfs rfkjni`cjljs pjrj sfkfnni`cjr
y vicnukjr k`s trjdjejl`rfs j kj fhprfsj p`r hfli` lfk l`nuhfct` (Qfr Jcfx` ::
Wr`nflihifct` Ofstiþc lfk Tfnurs` Muhjc` )
1.4. WTVFDJ^ LF ICOTF^@ LF N@CLVN\@TF^
1.4.: F]JHFCF^ HFLIN@^
WF\T@JCLICJ
WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQIN
^FTQINF^ ^.J .^, tifcf ucj Hjtriz Wràfsiòrjhj (Qf
F^ ^.J.^ Qfrr Jcfx`
4: Hjtriz
Hjtriz Wràfsi`
trjdjejl`r Wràfsiòrjhj)
sfoõc fkorjhj)
njro` jquf iclinj k`s Wjrj
lfsfhpfújr. fxêhfcfs quflfsfn`clunt`r
fk njro` lfdfc rfjkizjr njlj
sf lfdf
rfjkizjr k`s siouifctfs fxêhfcfs hélin`s5
✞ Fxjhfc Hélin` @nupjni`cj
@nupjni`cjkk n`c Écajsis @stf
@stf`husnukjr
`husnukjr
✞ Juli`hftrèj
✞ Qisi`hftrèj y/` Fxjhfc @pt`hftrèj
✞ Fspir`hftrèj
✞ Kjd`rjt`ri` Nkècin`s
✞ Kjd`rjt`ri`s lf hjrimujcj y n`njècj
K`s fxêhfcfs hélin`s s`c rfjkizjl`s p`r ucj fctiljl lfdiljhfctf nfrtiainjlj y
jut`rizjlj (Qfr Jcfx` 44 Mèj Lf Qilj Kjd`r Qilj IW^ Y Qfr Jcfx` 4>
Fxêhfcfs Hélin`s Tf
Fxêhfcfs Tfjkizj
jkizjl`s
l`s )
1.4.4 F]JHFCF^ WÎN@^FC^@HF\TIN@^
WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^ ^.J.^, fc su Hjtriz Wràfsiòrjhj y pr`nflihifct`

Ofstiþc lfk Tfnurs` Muhjc` (Qfr Jcfx` 4: Hjtriz
Hjtriz Wràfsiò rjhj y Qf
Qfrr Jcfx`
:: Wr`nflihifct` Ofstiþc lfk Tfnurs` Muhjc` ) hufstrj nkjrjhfctf quf pjrj
n`hpkftjr fk pr`nfs` lf n`ctrjtjniþc sf lfdf rfjkizjr kj prufdj
psin`sfcs`hétrinjs, fstj prufdj sf rfjkizj n`c ucj fhprfsj jut`rizjlj y
nfrtiainjlj n`h` k` hufstrj fk Jcfx` (Qfr Jcfx`
Jc fx` 4< Mèj
Mè j lf Qil
Qiljj IHWT@
IHWT@^JKVL
^JKVL
Qfrr Jcfx` 46 Fxêhf
Qf Fxêhfcfs
cfs Wsin` sfcs` hftrin` s Tf
Tfjkizjl`s
jkizjl`s ).
Qfrsiþc5 74
Wêoicj <6 lf 1>

Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
1.4.> WTVFDJ
WTVFDJ \F@TINJ
Kj prufdj tfþrinj auf lisfújlj p`r uc téncin` pràfsi`cjk fc sfouriljl vijk ( Qfr
Jcfx
Jc fx`
` 41 Mè j lf Qil j p r` afs
afsi`
i` c jk fc ^fou ri ljl Qijk ), fstipukjcl` prfouctjs
ihp`rtjctfs y lf n`c`nihifct` cfnfsjri` pjrj fk njro` lf n`clunt`r lf trjnt`
njhiþc, fstj prufdj fs cfnfsjrij rfjkizjrkj y jpr`djrkj pjrj n`cticujr n`c fk
pr`nfs` lf n`ctrjtjniþc. (Qf
Qfrr Jc fx` 4? H`lfk` lf Wrufdj \f \fþri
þrinj
nj).
1.4.< WTVFDJ
WTVFDJ WTJN\INJ
Kj prufdj prjntinj lfdf sfr pròrjhjlj pjrj lisp`cfr lfk vfmènuk` y lfk kuojr pjrj
quf fk jspirjctf puflj h`strjr kjs mjdikiljlfs, lfstrfzjs y fxpfrifcnij jk h`hfct`
lf n`clunir, n`h` rfoistr` lf kj prufdj prjntinj quflj uc vilf` quf hufstrj su
hjcfrj lf n`clunir y rfspufstjs j prfouctjs nkjvfs n`h` ilfctiainjniþc lf sfújkfs
lf trêcsit`, sistfhj hfnêcin` lfk vfmènuk`, lfsnripniþc lfk sistfhj, fctrf `tr`s.
Kj pfrs`cj quf rfjkizj fstj prufdj prjntinj tifcf hês lf 47 jú`s lf fxpfrifcnij
n`clunifcl` trjnt` njhi`cfs j civfk cjni`cjk, mj rfjkizjl` y jpr`djl` nurs`s lf
Hjcfe` lfafcsiv`, Hjcfe` N`hfctjl` y lf ^fouriljl Qijk lf fhprfsjs n`h`
M`n`k, Mjkkidurt`c, ^nmkuhdfrofr, fctrf `tr`s. (Qfr Jcfx` 4= Mèj lf Qilj Njrk
Njrk`s
`s
Kjhikkj)
1.4.6 WTVFDJ WÎN@\FNCINJ^

WÎN@\FNCINJ^
Kj õktihj prufdj lf icorfs` quf sf rfjkizj pjrj fk njro` lf N`clunt`r lf \rjnt`

Njhiþc fs kj prufdj Wsin`téncinj, fspfnèainjhfctf sf rfjkizj fk Nufsti`cjri` Wfraik
lf Wfrs`cjkiljl :1 WA ( Qfr Jcfx` 49 Nufsti`cjri` Wfraik lf Wfrs`cjkiljl :1
WA) quf n`csistf fc n`ctfstjr :=? prfouctjs p`r hfli` lf ucj mèj lf rfspufstjs,
quf lfspués lf tfrhicjlj kj prufdj fk Wsinþkò` ( Qfr Jcfx` >7 Mèj lf Qilj
Wsinþkò`) rfjkizj su lfdil` jcêkisis y fhitf ucj Qjk`rjniþc Wsin`kþoinj.
Kj il`cfiljl lf kj pfrs`cj fcnjrojlj lf rfjkizjr kj Qjk`rjniþc Wsin`kþoinj fs uc

pràfsi`cjk fc Wsin`kòèj n`c su rfspfntivj tjreftj pràfsi`cjk y fstuli`s lf
p`sorjl`s jlini`cjkfs.
Qfrsiþc5 74
Wêoicj <1 lf 1>

Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ5
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
1.> WTVFDJ^ LF N@C\T@K WTFQFC\IQ@ LF N@CLVN\@TF^
Kjs prufdjs lf n`ctr`k prfvfctivjs

prfvfctiv js j n`clunt`rfs sf rfjkizjrêc sfoõc k` fstjdkfni
fstjdkfnil`
l`
fc fk siouifctf nujlr`5
WTVFDJ^ WFTI@
WFTI@NILJL
NILJL IL@CFILJL
IL@CFILJL
Fxjhfc Hélin` lf n`ctr`k Jcujk IW^ n`c Tfs`kuniþ
Tfs`kuniþcc
Wrufdj Wsin`sfcs`hétrinjs
Wsin`sfcs`hétrinjs Jcujk Nfctr` lf Tfn`c`nihifc
Tfn`c`nihifct`
t` lf n`clunt`rfs
Wrufdj \fþrinj Jcujk \éncin` Qijk
Wrufdj Wrjntinj Jcujk Fxpfrifcnij fc n`clunir trjnt` njhiþc
1.< NJWJNI\JNIÞC FC ^FOVTILJL

^FOVTILJL QIJK
1.<.: WT@OTJHJ LF NJWJNI\JNI@C FC ^FOVTILJL QIJK (N`clunt`rfs

pr`pi`s)
WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^ ^.J.^ lfsjrr`kkj uc pròrjhj lf njpjnitjniþc nuy`

nr`còrjhj fstê fstjdkfnil` fc fk Wkjc Jcujk lf Njpjnitjniþc (Qf (Qfrr Jc fx` >: Wkjc
Jcu
Jc u jk lf
l f Njpjnit
Njpjn itjni
jniþþ c ), fc pkjc sf fstjdkfnf fk rfsp`csjdkf lf njlj njpjnitjniþc
quf sf rfjkizj hfcsujkhfctf. Njlj tfhj lf njpjnitjniþc mj sil` ilfctiainjl` p`r
hfli` lfk lijocþstin` rfjkizjl`
rfj kizjl` j kj fhprfsj y fc tfhjs quf c` puflfc ajktjr n`h`
c`rhjs lf trêcsit`, c`rhjtiviljl fc trêcsit` y trjcsp`rtf, fctrf `tr`s2 fst`s tfhjs
jpkinjc pjrj n`clunt`rfs cufv`s y jctiou`s, tjhdiéc pjrj k`s n`clunt`rfs c`
pr`pi`s.
Fk pròrjhj sf kkfvj lf a`rhj (Wrfsfcnijk/virtujk) y fstê l`nuhfctjl` y fvjkujl`,

fstjdkfnifcl` uc hècih` lf jnifrt`s lfk =7% pjrj quf sfj jpr`djl`. (Qf Qfrr Jcfx`
>4 A`rhjt` Njpjnitjniþc
Njpjnitjniþc,, N
N`ctr
`ctr`k Jsist fcnij y Fvjkujniþc l f kj Fainjnij)
`k lf Jsistfcnij
1.<.4 WT@OTJHJ LF NJWJNI\JNI@C FC ^FOVTILJL QIJK (N`clunt`rfs c`

pr`pi`s)
Wjrj k`s n`clunt`rfs c` pr`pi`s sf s`kinitj njpjnitjniþc y s`p`rtf lf ucj fctiljl

jut`rizjlj fc k`s siouifctfs tfhjs5
✞ Hjcfe` lfafcsiv`
✞ Hfnêcinj dêsinj
Qfrsiþc5 74
Wêoicj <? lf 1>

Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
✞ C`rhjs lf trjcsit`
✞ Wrihfr`s Juxiki`s
✞ ^fouriljl Qijk
✞ N`ctr`k lf Icnfcli`s y Hjcfe` llf
f fxtict`rfs
Kjs njpjnitjni`cfs lf fst`s tfhjs lfdfc sfr s`p`rtjl`s njlj vfz quf prfstfc uc
sfrvini` lf trjcsp`rtf ` fc fk h`hfct` lf pfrlfr viofcnij.
Fc nuhpkihifct` lfk cuhfrjk =.:.> lf kj Tfs`kuniþc lfk Hicistfri` lf \rjcsp`rtf

cõhfr` :616 lf 47:<, kjs fhprfsjs n`ctrjtistjs y k`s n`ctrjtistjs lf trjcsp`rtf
lfdfc ojrjctizjr fk nuhpkihifct` lf k`s rfquisit`s hècih`s fxioil`s, fc nujct` j
njpjnitjniþc lf k`s n`clunt`rfs lf vfmènuk`s lf kj fhprfsj ` j su sfrvini`. Kj
trjzjdikiljl lf kjs njpjnitjni`cfs, k`s tfhjri`s, kistjs lf jsistfcnij y n`hpftfcnijs
lf k`s icstrunt`rfs lfdfc fstjr l`nuhfctjljs y j lisp`siniþc lf WF\T@JCLICJ
^FTQINF^ ^.J.^
1.6 N@C\T@K LF L@NVHFC\JNIÞC LF N@CLVN\@TF^
1.6.: Ica`rhjniþc lf k`s n`clunt`rfs.
WF\T@JCLICJ
WF\T@JCLIC ^FTQINF^ ^.J.^. l`nuhfctj y rfoistrj ica`rhjniþc lf njlj uc`
J ^FTQINF^
lf sus n`clunt`rfs, lf jnufrl` n`c kj rfs`kuniþc :616 hflijctf kj tjdukjniþc y
Tfkjniþc lfk Lijoc`stin` ^fouriljl Qijk ( Qf
Qfrr Jc fx` :< N`cs`kiljniþc y Jcêkisis
lfk Nufsti`c jri` lf ^f
^four
ouriljl
iljl Qijk \rj
\rjdjejl`rfs
djejl`rfs )
Kj Fhprfsj tifcf fstjdkfnil` uc Wr`nflihifct` N`ctr`k lf l`nuhfct`s (Qfr Jcfx`

>> Wr`nflihifct` N`ctr`k lf l`nuhfct`s ), n`c fk `deftiv` lf fstjdkfnfr kj
hft`l`kòèj pjrj jlhicistrjr y n`ctr`kjr kj l`nuhfctjniþc lfk ÔI, lfaicifcl` k`s
rfquisit`s pjrj fkjd`rjr, rfvisjr, jpr`djr, jntujkizjr, listriduir, y n`csuktjr uc
l`nuhfct`, k`s nujkfs tifcfc icnkuil`s kj l`nuhfctjniþc lfk WF^Q.
1.6.4 Tfp`rtf lf N`hpjrfcl`s.
WF\T@JCLICJ
WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^ ^.J .^. fstjdkfnf fk n`ctr`k lf icarjnni`cfs lf trêcsit`
^FTQINF^ ^.J.^.
j k`s n`clunt`rfs pr`pi`s y c` pr`pi`s, quifc hfcsujkhfctf fk N``rlicjl`r lf
@pfrjni`cfs rfjkizjrj kjs n`csuktjs pjrj lftfrhicjr si fxistfc huktjs ` sjcni`cfs
p`r icarjnni`cfs lf trêcsit`, n`c fk aic lf lfejr rfoistr` lf kj n`csuktj sf kkfvjrê uc
Qfrsiþc5 74
Wêoicj <= lf 1>

Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
n`ctr`k p`r hfli` lfk l`nuhfct` A`rhjt` Tfoistr` lf Icarjnni`cfs

Icarjnni`cfs lf \ rêcsit` (Qfr
\rêcsit`
Jcfx
Jc fx`
` >< A`r
A`rhjt
hjt`` Tfo
Tfois
istr
tr`` y N`
N`ct
ct r ` k Ic
Icar
arjnn
jnni`
i` cfs lf \rêc
\r êcsi
sit`
t` j N`clu
N`c lunt
nt`` rfs )
Fk pr`nflihifct` fc njs` lf quf prfsfctf jkoucj icarjnniþc lf trêcsit` fstf lfdf

sfr rfp`rtjl` fc kj pkjtja`rhj vioèj, iclinjcl` fk tip` lf icarjnniþc y kjs hfliljs
quf aufr`c t`hjljs p`r pjrtf lf kj fhprfsj.
^frê rfsp`csjdikiljl lf k`s n`clunt`rfs lf kjs icarjnni`cfs

icarjnni `cfs lf \rêcsit` quf puflfc
ofcfrjsf fc fk trjcsnurs` lfk sfrvini` lf trjcsp`rtf lf kj fhprfsj, rfjkizjr fk pjo`
lf kj icarjnniþc n`c uc tifhp` c` hjy`r j >7 lèjs. Fc njs` lf c` nuhpkir c` sf
p`lrê ofcfrjr kj rutj lf vijef.
K`s n`clunt`rfs lf kj fhprfsj c` tifcfc icarjnni`cfs lf trjcsit` j kj afnmj y pjrj

s`p`rtjr fst` sf jcfxj fk mist`rijk lf n`csuktjs lf icarjnni`cfs lf trjcsit` ( Qfr
Jc fx`
Jcfx ` >6 Mis
Mist`
t` ri jk Lf N`
N`cc su ktjs
kt js Lf Ic ar
arjnn
jnni`
i` c fs Lf \r
\rêcs
êcs it`
it ` )
1.1 W@KÈ\INJ^ LF TFOVKJ

TFOVKJNIÞC
NIÞC LF KJ @TOJCIUJNI@C
WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^ ^.J.^., nufctj n`c kjs p`kètinjs lf rfoukjniþc l`clf

lfaicf k`s pr`t`n`k`s pjrj k`s n`ctr`kfs lf jkn`m`k y lròjs, rfoukjniþc lf m`rjs lf
n`clunniþc y lfsnjcs`, Tfoukjniþc lf kj Qfk`niljl, Vs` lfk Nicturþc, Vs` lf
Fkfhfct`s lf pr`tfnniþc Wfrs`cjk y Vs` lf Fquip`s Dilirfnni`cjkfs ( Qfr Jcfx` <
W`kètinj lf ^fouriljl Qijk, Jcfx` >1 W`kètinj lf C` Jkn`m`k, Lròjs y
Auhjl`rfs y Jcfx` >? W`kètinj lf Njkiljl, ^fouriljl, ^jkul fc fk \rjdje` y
Jhd
Jh d ifc tjk ).
Wjrj quf k`s n`clunt`rfs n`c`znjc kjs p`kètinjs lf rfoukjniþc lf kj `rojcizjniþc

sf livukoj fc ucj njpjnitjniþc y ucj livukojniþc fc kj `rojcizjniþc ( Qfr Jcfx` 1
Tfois
Tf oistr`
tr` lf Livuko jniþc l fk WF
WF^Q
^Q y W`kètinj
W`kètinj lf ^fouril jl Qij
Qijkk )
1.1.
1.1.:
:NN`ct
`ct r`k l f J
Jkn`
kn`m`k
m`k y Lròjs.
➤ Hfnjcish
Hfnjcish`s
`s p
pjrj
jrj kj rfjkizj
rfjkizjniþ
niþcc lf pru fdj
Wfri`liniljl
Kj prufdj lf jkn`m`kfhij sf rfjkizjrê fc kj fhprfsj lf jnufrl` j k`s siouifctfs

njs`s5
Qfrsiþc5 74
Wêoicj <9 lf 1>

Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
- Lf hjcfrj `dkiojt`rij, pjrj t`l`s k`s njro`s quf ihpkiqufc hjcfe` lf

vfmènuk`s ` lfsjrr`kk` lf jntiviljlfs pfkior`sjs, sf prjntinjrê njlj vfz quf fk
n`clunt`r sfj lfspjnmjl` lf kj àinicj pricnipjk.
- W`st-jnnilfctf
W`st-jnni lfctf y/` icnilfctf5 ^f prjntinjrê kj prufdj p`st-jnnilfctf
p`st-jnni lfctf ` icnilfctf
tjc pr`ct` n`h` sfj p`sidkf, fhpkfjcl` d`quikkj, j kj pfrs`cj quf sf vfj
icv`kunrjlj fc uc jnnilfctf lf trjdje` ` fc jnnilfctf n`c nujkquifrj lf k`s
vfmènuk`s. Fk a`rhjt` lf n`csiocjniþc lf rfsuktjl`s lf fstj prufdj lf
jkn`m`kfhij sfrê jleuctjl` j kj icvfstiojniþc ictfrcj lfk fvfct`.
- Lulj rjz`cjdkf ` s`spfnmj5 ^f prjntinjrê nujcl` k`s jctfnflfctfs, sioc`s
aèsin`s, sèct`hjs, r`k s`nijk ` ajhikijr, lfsfhpfú` kjd`rjk, n`hp`rtjhifct` ictrj
` fxtrj icstituni`cjk sfjc susnfptidkfs lf n`csuh` lf jkn`m`k y/` sustjcnijs lf
us` pr`midil` lf jnufrl` n`c kjs p`kètinjs lf kj fhprfsj, prfvijs `dsfrvjni`cfs
`dsfrv jni`cfs
mfnmjs p`r fk N``rlicjl`r lf @pfrjni`cfs, N``rlicjl`r Jlhicistrjtiv`,
N``rlicjl`r M^FZ y Ofrfctf.
- Lurjctf trjtjhifct`5 ^f prjntinjrê fc fk trjcsnurs
trjcsnurs`` lf uc pròrjhj lf
trjtjhifct` ` rfmjdikitjniþc lfk iclivilu` y/` nujcl` kj pfrs`cj rforfsf j
trjdjejr lfspués lf uc njs` lf jdus` lf sustjcnijs. Wjrj k`s njro`s
n`csilfrjl`s lf jkt` rifso`, sfrê rfqufril` pjrj lfh`strjr su jdsticfcnij j
trjvés lf tfst n`cticu`s, c` jvisjl`s y arfnufctfs.
Jlfhês, p`lrê rfjkizjrsf nujkquifr lèj, j nritfri` lfk Ofrfctf ` N``rlicjl`r M^FZ.
Mioifcf Y Jsfpsij
Njlj vfz quf ucj d`quikkj sfj usjlj lfdfrê sfr rffhpkjzjlj p`r `trj.
Wrfnjuni`cfs N`c Fk Fquip`
Jctfs lf utikizjr fk jkn`m`kèhftr`, kj pfrs`cj fcnjrojlj lfdf kffr kjs icstrunni`cfs

lfk ajdrinjctf pjrj su us` y hjctfcihifct`. Fk us` p`r pjrtf lf `pfrjl`rfs c`
njpjnitjl`s ` sic njkidrjniþc ` n`ctr`k lf njkidrjniþc pfriþlinj puflf pr`v`njr
rfsuktjl`s icvêkil`s ` kj ictfrprftjniþc icn`rrfntj lf k`s hish`s.
Nujcl` sf n`ctrjtj fk sfrvini` lf prufdj lf jkn`m`kihftrèj, fk N``rlicjl`r

Jlhicistrjtiv` fs rfsp`csjdkf lf vjkiljr y s`kinitjr j kj fhprfsj ilþcfj quf fk
jkn`m`kèhftr` jkquikjl` tifcf jntujkizjlj pfrhjcfctfhfctf kj mèj lf vilj lfk
fquip` pjrj su trjzjdikiljl y lf kj njkidrjniþc njlj =77 j :777 prufdjs `, hêxih`,
njlj l`nf hfsfs.
Qfrsiþc5 74
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Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
Tfjkizjniþc Lf Kj Wrufdj
WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^ ^.J.^. mj fstjdkfnil` quf pjrj p`lfr rfjkizjr kj

prufdj lf jkn`m`kfhij, jk trjdjejl`r sf kf ica`rhjrê lfk n`csfctihifct` hflijctf fk
l`nuhfct` N`csfctihifct` Ica`rhjl` Jkn`m`kfhij (Qfr Jcfx` >=
N`csfctihifct` Ica`rhjl` Jkn`m`kfhij) y kufo` sf lfspkjzjrj j ucj IW^ `
fctiljl lf ^frvini` lf ^jkul @nupjni`cjk quf fstê jut`rizjl` p`r kj fhprfsj pjrj
quf sf kf mjoj kj prufdj lf jkn`m`kfhij.
^f n`ctrjtjrê ucj fctiljl lf ^frvini`s lf sjkul `nupjni`cjk pjrj rfjkizjr ucj

prufdj lf jkn`m`kfhij, n`c fquip` lfdiljhfctf njkidrjl`.
Kj pfrs`cj ilþcfj pjrj rfjkizjr kj prufdj lfdf n`k`njr fk fquip` fc fk h`l`

jut`hêtin` y rfjkizjr kj prufdj j njlj ucj lf kjs pfrs`cjs vfriainjcl` quf s`pkf
fc kj d`quikkj airhf y î kj pfrs`cj c` lfsfj n`kjd`rjr, fk fquip` lfdf jeustjrsf fc
h`l` ‛Q`kuhfc Wrfnis`‘.
Fc cicoõc njs` p`lrê usjrsf kj hishj d`quikkj fc l`s prufdjs pr`k`cojljhfctf

lurjctf fk hjy`r tifhp` p`sidkf.
K`s rfsuktjl`s lf fstj prufdj sf rfp`rtjc n`h` ‛ W@Î\IQ@‘ si sf lftfntj jkn`m`k

` ‛CFOJ\IQ@‘ si c` sf lftfntj jkn`m`k.
Nujcl` fk jkn`m`kèhftr` lftfntf uc njs` p`sitiv` lfdfrê fspfrjrsf jkrflfl`r lf :6

hicut`s jctfs lf v`kvfr j usjrk` fc `trj prufdj, n`c fk aic lf quf fk jkn`m`k
ihprfocjl` sf fvjp`rf.
Wjrj fvitjr quf fk jkn`m`k prfsfctf fc kj d`nj jafntf fk rfsuktjl`, sf lfdf `dsfrvjr
fk n`hp`rtjhifct` lf kj pfrs`cj jctfs lf rfjkizjr kj prufdj2 fst` fs, jsfourjrsf
lf quf kj pfrs`cj c` sf n`k`quf cjlj fc kj d`nj lurjctf k`s :6 hicut`s prfvi`s j
kj prufdj y, fc njs` lf quf mjyj icofril` jkoucj dfdilj ` jkihfct`, hjctfcfrkj
lurjctf :6 hicut`s fc `dsfrvjniþc pjrj ojrjctizjr kj t`tjk lisipjniþc lf nujkquifr
rfsilu` lf jkn`m`k prfsfctf y quf k`s rfsuktjl`s lf kj prufdj sfjc vêkil`s.
Fk rfsuktjl` lf kj prufdj iclinj fk p`rnfctjef lf jkn`m`k quf tifcf kj pfrs`cj fc fk

h`hfct` lfk tfst.
Qfrsiþc5 74
Wêoicj 6: lf 1>

Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ5
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
Wjrj jcêkisis f ictfrprftjniþc lf kjs prufdjs sf lfdfc tfcfr fc nufctj k`s siouifctfs
rjco`s5
N`cnfctrjniþc Tfsuktjl`
Tfsuktjl` lf kj
Orjl` lf prufdj
sjco rf t`tjk):
(ho lf ftjc`k / :77 hk lf sjcorf
fhdrijoufz
7 Lf 7 j >9 CFOJ\IQJ
I Lf <7 j 99
II Lf :77 j :<9 W@Î\IQJ
III Lf :67 fc jlfkjctf
: Njctiljl lf ftjc`k fc kj sjcorf quf lftfrhicj fk orjl` lf jkn`m`kfhij sfoõc Icstitut` Cjni`cjk lf Hflinicj Kfojk y
Nifcnijs A`rfcsfs - TF^@KVNIÞC <:< LF 4774 .
K`s rfsuktjl`s lf kjs prufdjs lfdfc n`csiocjrsf fc fk icstruhfct` A`rhjt` pjrj

Qioikjcnij lfk N`csuh` lf Jkn`m`k ( Qfr Jcfx` >9 A`rhjt` pjrj Qioikjcnij lfk
N`csuh` lf Jkn`m`
Jkn`m` k ).
Nujcl` kj prufdj lf jkn`m`kfhij y fk rfsuktjl` lf prufdj ljc p`sitiv` sf rfhitf jk

êrfj lf \jkfct` Muhjc` pjrj quf sf rfjkinf fk trêhitf pfrticfctf y sf likiofcnij fk
l`nuhfct` M^FZ-A@:7 A`rhjt` Tfp`rtf lf Fhdrijoufz ( Qf Qfrr Jc
Jcfx`
fx` <7 A A`rh
`rhjt`
jt`
Tfp`r
Tf p`rtf
tf lf F
Fhdr
hdrijoufz
ijoufz).
Qfrsiþc5 74
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Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
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ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
W`r k` jctfri`r, sf jcfxj fk nujlr` lf n`cnfctrjniþc lf jkn`m`k y fafnt`s tèpin`s.

ho ftjc`k p`r njlj Tfsuktjl`s lf Orjl` lf
Tfkjniþc Nkècinj Fafnt`s \èpin`s N`hfctjri`s
:77 hk sjcorf kj prufdj fhdrijoufz
7.77%
Fs fk õcin` civfk
7 9 ; 7.7:% Cfojtivj 7
sfour`
Fafnt` Kfvf2 kiofr`, njhdi`
:7 :9 ;7.74%
lf sfctihifct`s.
^f ihpilf
prfsfctjrsf j
kjd`rjr j
trjdjejl`rfs quf
Nifrtj pérlilj lf kj
rfjkizjc jntiviljlfs
njpjniljl lf euini`2
47 >9 ;7.7<% lf rifso`2
Fua`rij, icn``rlicjniþc h`t`rj rfkjejniþc, kfvf sfcsjniþc
trjcsp`rtf,
kfvf - jkifct` jkn`mþkin` lf njk`r fc fk nufrp`2
sfouriljl, y `tr`s
jktfrjniþc lfk fstjl` lf
jhdifctfs lf nfr`
êcih`.
t`kfrjcnij fc
jkn`m`k.
<7 <9 ; 7.76%
N`hp`rtjhifct`
Fc jkoucjs
fxjofrjl`2 puflf h`strjr
kfoiskjni`cfs sf
pérlilj lf n`ctr`k s`drf k`s
sjcni`cj mjstj n`c
hõsnuk`s pfqufú`s (p`r
lfspil` lfaicitiv` j
fefhpk`, fca`njr k`s è`s)2 I
trjdjejl`rfs lf
67 ?9 ; 7.7=% Lftfri`r` lf kj njpjniljl
rifso` quf sf
lf euini`2 usujkhfctf
fcnufctrjc
sfctihifct` jkforf,
N`causiþc, lfsicmidiniþc kjd`rjcl`
Lishicuniþc lfk fstjl` lf
fh`ni`cjk, cistjoh`s
jkfrtj2 pfrlilj lf kjs W`sitivj
m`riz`ctjk, mipfrrfakfxij,
icmidini`cfs.
mip`fstfsij, jtjxij h`lfrjljs,
Kj n``rlicjniþc husnukjr
liainuktjl pjrj ucipflfstjniþc.
sf mjnf lfainifctf (p`r
fefhpk`,
visiþc, fquikidri`,
tifhp` mjdkj,y
lf rfjnniþc
=7 99 ; 7.:7% juliniþc)2 Fs hês liaènik
lftfntjr k`s pfkior`s2 fk
nritfri`, fk jut`-n`ctr`k, fk
rjz`cjhifct` y kj hfh`rij
^f n`csilfrj
sf vfc jafntjl`s.
fstjl` lf fdrifljl/
Lftfri`r` fvilfctf lfk
:77 :>9 ; 7.:<% Fs lfkit` n`clunir
Kò`rrfj, jtjxij, jktfrjniþc n`ctr`k y lfk tifhp` lf
uc vfmènuk` j fstf
n`cnfctrjniþc,, euini` y jcêkisis,
n`cnfctrjniþc rfjnniþc2 liainuktjl pjrj
II civfk lf
mip`tfcsiþc y tjquinjrlij mjdkjr, lfainifcnij lf kj
:<7 :<9 ; 7.:6% ict`xinjniþc
h`lfrjljs. n``rlicjniþc y kfctitul pjrj
pfcsjr.
Icn``rlicjniþc h`t`rj sfvfrj. Hunm` hfc`s n`ctr`k
:67 :99 ; 7.47%
Tfjnniþc pr`k`cojlj, husnukjr quf k` c`rhjk2
mip`rrfakfxij, lipk`pèj, lisjrtrij, puflf prfsfctjrsf vþhit`
III
pupikjs hilriêtinjs y n`c (j hfc`s quf sf kkfouf j
477 499 ; 7.>7% rfjnniþc kfctj j kj kuz2 fstf civfk fc a`rhj kfctj ` j
cjusfjs, v`hit`, s`hc`kfcnij. quf kj pfrs`cj mj jlquiril`
Qfrsiþc5 74
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ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
Lfprfsiþc cfur`kþoinj sfvfrj2 ucj t`kfrjcnij jk jkn`m`k2

>77 >99 ; 7.<7% lisjrtrij huy jrnjlj, Wérlilj hjy`r lfk
mip`tfrhij, puks` aikia`rhf, fquikidri`.
<77 <99 ; 7.67% jhcfsij, ihp`sidikiljl pjrj kj N`hj
hjrnmj, n`cvuksi`cfs, pupikjs
hilriêtinjs c` rfjntivjs j kj
kuz, lfprfsiþc Wjrj njrli`rrfspirjt`ri`2
677 3 7.67%
njrli`rrfspirjt`ri`, n`hj y hufrtf fc hitjl lf k`s
hufrtf njs`s
1.1.
1.1.4.
4. T
Tfoukjniþ
foukjniþccl
lff kj Qf
Qfk`n
k`niljl
iljl - Nfctr`
Nfctr` lf N`ctr
N`ctr`k
`k
\`l` n`clunt`r lfdf fvjkujr kjs n`clini`cfs lf rifso` p`r nkihj y fstjl` lf kj vèj
pjrj jeustjr su vfk`niljl ` jdstfcfrsf lf lfspkjzjrsf fc njs` lf quf kj n`cliniþc
sfj icsfourj.
K`s kèhitfs hêxih`s lf vfk`niljl s`c5

KIHI\F HJ]IH@ LF
\IW@ LF QIJ
QFK@NILJL
Qèjs
Qèjs Cjni`
Cjni`cjkfs
cjkfs y Lf
Lfpjrtjhfctjkfs
pjrtjhfctjkfs Wjvihfctjljs Mjstj =7 Bh/m
Qèjs
Qèjs urdjcjs pjvihfctjljs
pjvih fctjljs Mjstj 17 Bh/m
Qèjss Lfstjpjl
Qèj Lfstjpjljs
js >7 Bh/m
U`cjs ictfrcjs lf jkt` akue` pfjt`cjk
:7 Bh/m
(Wjrqu fj
(Wjrqu fjlfr`s
lfr`s,, k`n
k`njni`cfs
jni`cfs n` c pfrs`
pfrs`cjk
cjk fc W
W`z`)
`z`)
U`cjs Turjk p`dkjlj :7 Bh/m
WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^
WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^ ^.J.^. sf jnòf j kjs p`kètinjs y c`rhjs lf sfouriljl
fstjdkfniljs lf cufstr` nkifctf.
W`r hfli` lf n`ctr`k lfk OW^ icstjkjl`s fc k`s vfmènuk`s fk N``rlicjl`r lf

@pfrjni`cfs rfjkizj sfouihifct` n`cstjctf j njlj uc` lf k`s vfmènuk`s
lftfrhicjl` jsè kj vfk`niljl rfoukjlj y kjs vèjs p`r l`clf trjcsitj y sf lfsnjrojrjc
lfsn jrojrjc
hfcsujkhfctf pjrj p`lfr tfcfr uc n`ctr`k lf vfk`niljl fc kjs rutjs lf
lfspkjzjhifct` lfk n`clunt`r.
Qfrsiþc5 74
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ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
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?.: HJC\FCIHIFC\@ WTFQFC\IQ@
?.:.
?.:.:.
:. M
Mèjs
èjs lf vilj
vi lj lf k`s vfmènuk`s
\`l`s k`s vfmènuk`s pr`pi`s y c` pr`pi`s lf WF\T@JCLICJ tifcfc ucj njrpftj

lioitjk n`c t`l`s k`s l`nuhfct`s kfojkfs (Qfr Jcfx` <: Mèj lf Qilj lf
Qfmènuk`s ) y kj ica`rhjniþc lf njlj uc` lf fkk`s sf rfoistrj fc ucj tjdkj
tivj. (Qf
ica`rhjtivj.
ica`rhj Qfrr Jcfx` <4 Tfoistr
Tfoistr`` N`ctr`k
N`ct r`k l f Q
Qfmènuk`s
fmènuk`s ).
?.:.
?.:.4.
4. T
Tfn`hfcljni`
fn`hfcljni` cfs \éncinjs lf @pfrjni`cfs l f Hj
Hjctfcihi
ctfcihifct`
fct`
Tfn`hfcljni`cfs \éncinjs lf @pfrjni`cfs lf Hjctfcihifct` sf rfoistrj fc njlj

ucj lf kjs mèjs lf vilj lf vfmènuk`s (Qf
Qfrr Jc fx` <: Mèj lf Qilj lf Qf
Qfmènuk`
mènuk` s )
?.:.>. NT@C@OTJHJ LF IC\FTQFCNI@CF^ LF QFMINVK@^ WT@WI@^
WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^ ^.J.^. p`r hfli` lfk l`nuhfct` Wròrjhj lf

Hjctfcihifct` lf Icstjkjni`cfs y Fquip`s ( Qfr Jcfx` <> Wròrjhj lf
Hjctfcihifct` lf Icstjkjni`cfs y Fquip`s ), sf fstipukjc fk tip` lf
hjctfcihifct`, kj pkjnj, fk bik`hftrjef fc fk h`hfct` lf rfjkizjr fk hjctfcihifct`
y sf lfej rfoistr` lf kjs p`sidkfs afnmjs lf hjctfcihifct` prfvfctiv` lf k`s
vfmènuk`s.
Kj ica`rhjniþc lf hjctfcihifct` lf njlj uc` lf k`s vfmènuk`s fstê rfoistrjlj,
tfcifcl` fc nufctj kj trjzjdikiljl lf k`s mistþrin`s lf k`s hjctfcihifct`s
rfjkizjl`s, lf tjk hjcfrj quf sf ojrjctizj fk sfouihifct` y fefnuniþc lfk pkjc lf
hjctfcihifct`.
Qfrsiþc5 74
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FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
?.:.<. QFTAINJNI@C LF HJC\FCIHIFC\@ WJTJ QFMINVK@^ JAIKIJL@^

(\FTNFT@^)
WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^ ^.J.^. fc fk fvfct` lf n`ctrjtjr vfmènuk`s pjrj kj

prfstjniþc lfk sfrvini` lf trjcsp`rtf kj `rojcizjniþc vfriainj quf kj fhprfsj nufctj
y fefnutj fk pkjc lf hjctfcihifct` ( Qfr Jcfx` << Hjctfcihifct`s Qfmènuk`s
\frnfr`s ).
?.:.6 IL@CFILJL
WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^ ^.J.^., rfjkizj hjctfcihifct` prfvfctiv` y n`rrfntiv`

fc icstjkjni`cfs y fhprfsjs quf tifcfc kj il`cfiljl pjrj rfjkizjr nujkquifr tip` lf
hjctfcihifct`.
?.4 HJC\FCIHIFC\@ N@TTFN\IQ@
?.4.
?.4.:.
:. Tf
Tfois
oistr`
tr` l f hj
hjctfcih
ctfcihifct`
ifct` n`rr
n`rrfntiv`
fntiv`..
Fc WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^ ^.J.^. sf kkfvjc k`s rfoistr`s lf hjctfcihifct`

n`rrfntiv` j k`s vfmènuk`s (Qfr Jcfx` <6 Tfoistr` hjctfcihifct` N`rrfntiv` ).
?.4.
?.4.4.
4. Wr`t`
Wr`t`n`k
n`k`
` lf jtfcniþc fc njs` lf ajkkjs
Fc WF\T@JCLIC
WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^ ^.J.^. sf nufctj fc njs` lf ajkkjs lf k`s vfmènuk`s
J ^FTQINF^
sf nufctj n`c uc pr`t`n`k` (Qfr Jcfx` <1 Wr`nflihifct` Jnni`cfs N`rrfntivjs,
Wrfvfcti
Wrfvf ctivjs
vjs y lf Hfe`rj).
?.>. NMFZVF@ WTF@WFTJNI@CJK
?.>.
?.>.:
: Icspfnniþ
Icspfnniþcc Wrf`pfrjni`c jk
WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^ ^.J.^.,

tifcf fstjdkfnilj ucj icspfnniþc
Wrf`pfrjni`cjk fc fk l`nuhfct` A`rhjt` Icspfnniþc lf Qfmènuk` (Qfr Jcfx` <?
A`rhjt` Icspfnniþc lf Qfmènuk` ), fstj icspfnniþc sf rfjkizj njlj vfz quf fk
vfmènuk` icinij
lf vijef sf uc vijef.
s`kinitj fcvijrWjrj tfcfr n`ctr`k
fk s`p`rtf lf quf
p`r hfli` kj icspfnniþc
hjocétin` (A`t`s)sfy rfjkinf jk icini`
sfhjcjkhfctf
Qfrsiþc5 74
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ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ5
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
fctrfojrkjs jk n``rlicjl`r lf `pfrjni`cfs quf mjnfr lisp`siniþc lfk l`nuhfct` fc

kj njpftj lf icspfnni`cfs.
=. ICATJF^\TVN\VTJ ^FOVTJ
=.:. Tutjs Ictfrcjs
Fc kjs icstjkjni`cfs c` mjy icarjfstrunturj pjrj fk trêcsit` lf vfmènuk`s p`r tjct`

fstf puct` c` jpkinj.
=.4
=.4 Tutjs Fxtfrcjs
Fxtfrc js
Wjrj k`s lfspkjzjhifct`s fc kjs rutjs fxtfrcjs sf mj rfjkizjl` uc fstuli` lf rutjs,

lfslf fk puct` lf vistj lf sfouriljl vijk, quf c`s mj pfrhitil` ilfctiainjr puct`s
nrètin`s, siti`s vukcfrjdkfs fc njs` lf jnnilfctjkiljl, siti`s n`c prfnjuniþc fc
kèhitfs lf vfk`niljl, fxnfs`s lf vfk`niljl pfrhitil`s fc njlj trjh`, k`s siti`s pjrj
pfrc`tjr y lfsnjcsjr lurjctf fk trjyfnt`, pufst`s lf sfouriljl y m`spitjkfs fctrf
`tr`s.
WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^ ^J^ mj rfjkizjl` uc l`nuhfct` A`rhjt` Tut`-orjhjs

(Qfr Jcfx` <= A`rhjt` Tut`-orjhjs ) n`c fk `deftiv` lf fstjdkfnfr pjrêhftr`s
pjrj njlj lfspkjzjhifct` f ilfctiainjr jkouc`s jspfnt`s rfkfvjctfs quf pufljc
icakuir fc kj sfouriljl
K`s `deftiv`s s`c5
- Lftfrhicj
Lftfrhicjrr listjcnijs
- Lftfrhicjr lurjniþc lf kjs rutjs
- Jkfrtjr j k`s n`clunt`rfs s`drf pfkior`s js`nijl`s n`c kjs njrjntfrèst
njrjntfrèstinjs
injs lf
kjs vèjs
- Joikizjr kj rfjnniþc jctf-sicif
jctf-sicifstr`s
str`s y fhfrofcnijs
fhfrofcnijs
- Ilfctiainjr k`s puct`s nrètin`s lf jnnilfctjki
jnnilfctjkiljl
ljl
Kj `rojcizjniþc pkjciainj k`s lfspkjzjhifct`s p`r hfli` lf uc A`rhjt`

Ofrfcnijhifct` lf Qijef (Qf
Qfrr Jc fx` <9 A`rhjt` Ofrfcnijhifct` lf Qijef)
Qfrsiþc5 74
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FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
Nritfri`s Lf ^f
^fkfnniþ
kfnniþ c Lf T
Tutjs
utjs Vrd
Vrdjcjs
jcjs Y T
Tutjs
utjs C` Nrètinjs
Wjrj kjs rutjs urdjcjs y kjs rutjs p`r njrrftfrj quf c` sf n`csilfrjc nrètinjs, fk
rfsp`csjdkf lf WF^Q livukojrê uc`s nritfri`s lf sfkfnniþc lf rutjs, n`c k`s nujkfs
sf prftfclf quf k`s n`clunt`rfs t`hfc lfnisi`cfs jnfrtjljs y sfourjs fc kj
fkfnniþc lf su rfn`rril`.
Fctrf k`s pricnipjkfs nritfri`s fstêc5
- Wrfafrir vèjs pricnip

pricnipjkfs
jkfs j vèjs sfnucljri
sfnucljrijs
js
- Fvitjr nrunfs j kj izquifrlj c` sfhja`rizjl`s
- Wrfafrir rutjs n`c`niljs
- Fvitjr z`cjs lf jok`hfrjniþc lf pfjt`cfs
îstfhj H`ci
H`ci t`rf` ^jtfkitjk
K`s vfmènuk`s pfsjl`s y sfhipfsjl`s nufctjc n`c uc lisp`sitiv` lf sfouihifct` y

n`ctr`k vfminukjr (OW^)
(OW ^) quf driclj s`p`rtf fc nujct` j k`s rfn`rril`s lf k`s hish`s,
kjs z`cjs l`clf sf trjskjlj fk vfmènuk`, fk tifhp` lf us`, fxnfs`s lf vfk`niljl
fctrf `tr`s.
Wr`nflihifct`
Wr`nflihifct` Lf N`huc
N`huc injniþc, Wj
Wjrtinipjniþc
rtinipjniþc Y N`csuktj
WF\T@JCLICJ
WF\T@JCLIC J ^FTQINF^
^FTQINF^ ^.J.^ nufctj n`c uc Wr`nflihifct` Lf N`hucinjniþc,
Wjrtinipjniþc Y N`csuktj (Qfr Jcfx` 67 Wr`nflihifct` Lf N`hucinjniþc,
Wjrtinipjniþc Y N`csuktj) n`c fk `deftiv` lf jsfourjr quf fk suhicistr` lf
ica`rhjniþc ictfrcj y fxtfrcj sfj n`hpkftj, n`caijdkf, pfrticfctf, `p`rtucj y sfj
n`c`nilj p`r k`s Lirfntiv`s, Jlhicistrjtiv`s, @pfrjtiv`s, trjdjejl`rfs y `trjs pjrtfs
ictfrfsjljs.
Qfrsiþc5 74
Wêoicj 6= lf 1>

Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
9. J\FCNIÞC LF QIN\IHJ^
9.:. WKJC WJTJ J\FCNIÞC LF FHFT

FHFTOFCNIJ^
OFCNIJ^ FC KJ QÈJ
WF\T@JCLICJ
WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^ ^.J .^. nufctj n`c fk Wkjc lf Fhfrofcnijs ( Qf
^FTQINF^ ^.J.^. Qfrr Jcfx`
6: Wkjc lf Fhfrofcni
Fhfrofc nijs
js) fc fk nujk sf lfsnridfc
lfsnridfc k`s rfsp`csj
rfsp`csjdkfs
dkfs y kjs jntiviljlfs
j lfsjrr`kkjr jctfs, lurjctf y lfspués lf ucj fhfrofcnij2 jlini`cjkhfctf nufctj
n`c uc pr`nflihifct` lf HFLFQJN pjrj fk trjskjl` lf pjnifctfs fc njs`s quf sf
prfsfctfc uc jnnilfctf n`c pfrs`cjk lf kj fhprfsj y fc k`s liafrfctfs siti`s y
lfspkjzjhifct`s quf rfjkizjc k`s trjdjejl`rfs lf WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^
^.J.^.
WF\T@JCLICJ
lf fhfrofcnijs, ^FTQINF^
livukojniþc ^.J.^ rfjkizjrê
lfk hish` ucj vfzk`s
y ofcfrjr jk jú` kj jntujkizjniþc
sihukjnr`s fca`njl`slfkjpkjc
k`s
rifso`s pri`rizjl`s.
9.4.
9.4. Njpjnitjniþc
Njpjnitjniþc,, A`rhjniþc Y F
Fctrfcjhifct`
ctrfcjhifct`
Kj njpjnitjniþc pjrj kj jtfcniþc lf fhfrofcnijs fc kj vèj mjnf pjrtf lfk Wkjc lf

njpjnitjniþc, nuy` nr`còrjhj fstê fstjdkfnil` fc Wkjc Jcujk lf Njpjnitjniþc lf
kj fhprfsj ( Jcfx`
Jc fx` >: Wkjc Jc
Jcuu jk l f Njpjn itjni
it jniþ
þ c ).
9.>.
9.>. Fqui
Fquip`
p` Lf ^
^fouril
fouriljl
jl Lf K`s Qfmènuk`s
Wjrj kj lfaiciniþc lfk fquip` lf jtfcniþc lf fhfrofcnijs sf tfclrê fc nufctj kj

hjtriz lf rifso`s, k`s jcêkisis lf rifso` lf rutjs y kj c`rhjtiviljl viofctf.
Fk fquip` lf sfouriljl hècih` n`c fk quf lfdfrêc n`ctjr t`l`s k`s vfmènuk`s fs fk
lfaicil` fc fk Jrtènuk` >7 lf kj Kfy ?19 lfk 4774 ‛Fquip`s lf prfvfcniþc y
sfouriljl‘ lfk Nþlio` Cjni`cjk lf \rêcsit`, k`s nujkfs n`csistfc fc k`s siouifctfs
fkfhfct`s5
- Vc ojt` n`c njpjniljl pjrj fkfvjr fk
fk vfmènuk`.
- Vcj nrunftj.
- L`s sfújkfs lf njrrftfrj fc a`rhj lf triêcouk` fc hjtfrijk rfakfntiv
rfakfntiv`` y pr`vist
pr`vistjs
js
lf s`p`rtfs
jhjrikkj pjrj sfr `n`k`njljs
ictfrhitfctfs fc a`rhj vfrtinjk ` kêhpjrjs lf sfújk lf kuz
lf lfstfkk`.
Qfrsiþc5 74
Wêoicj 69 lf 1>

Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
- Vc d`tiquèc lf prihfr`s juxiki`s.

- Vc fxtict`r.
- L`s tjn`s pjrj dk`qufjr fk vfmènuk`.
- Njej lf mfrrjhifctj dêsinj quf n`h` hècih` lfdfrê n`ctfcfr5 Jkinjtf,
lfst`rcikkjl`rfs, kkjvf lf fxpjcsiþc y kkjvfs aiejs.
- Kkjctj lf rfpufst`.
- Kictfrcj.
\jhdiéc lfdf icnkuir uc nmjkfn` ` prfclj rfakfntivj, kj nujk lfdf sfr usjlj fc t`l`
h`hfct` jk djejrsf lfk vfmènuk`.
9.<.
9.<. Hft`l`k`
Hft`l`k` oèj Wj
Wjrj
rj Icvfstio
Icvfstiojr
jr Jnni lfctfs
Kj fhprfsj dusnj pr`h`vfr kj ilfctiainjniþc y rfp`rtf lf t`ljs kjs n`clini`cfs y

jnt`s icsfour`s,
jnnilfctfs, jsè n`h`kj fknjusj
ilfctiainjcl` rfp`rtf,
rjèz,icvfstiojniþc y sfouihifct`
pjrj fstjdkfnfr lf n`rrfntivjs
kjs jnni`cfs icnilfctfs y
prfvfctivjs quf sf rfquifrjc, ofcfrjcl` ucj jkfrtj ` kfnniþc jprfclilj quf lfdfrê
sfr livukojlj fctrf k`s ictfrfsjl`s.
Kj hft`l`kòèj jpkinjlj p`r kj fhprfsj fc kj icvfstiojniþc lf icnilfctfs y

jnnilfctfs fstj lftjkkjlj fc fk pr`nflihifct` Wr`nflihifct` Ofstiþc lf Icnilfctfs
(Qfr Jcfx` 64 Wr`nflihifct` Ofstiþc lf Icnilfctfs ), fc fk nujk sf lfaicf fk
fquip` j njro` lf kj icvfstiojniþc y k`s tifhp`s lf fctrfoj.
Wjrj fk njs` lf kj icvfstiojniþc lf k`s icnilfctfs y jnnilfctfs lf trêcsit`

WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^ ^.J.^. Nufctj n`c pfrs`cjk fxtfrc` n`ctrjtjl` fk nujk
dusnj fcn`ctrjr lf hjcfrj téncinj kjs njusjs quf ljc `riofc jk mfnm`, k` quf kkfvj
j quf n`c fstj ica`rhjniþc fk n`hité lf sfouriljl vijk t`hf kjs jnni`cfs pfrticfctfs
pfrt icfctfs
pjrj quf fst`s fvfct`s fc k` p`sidkf c` vufkvjc j `nurrir.
K`s rfsuktjl`s lf kjs icvfstiojni`cfs lf jnnilfctfs js`nijl`s jk trjcsp`rtf, fc vèjs

ictfrcj y fxtfrcjs, sfrêc prfsfctjl`s y jcjkizjl`s fc fk n`hité lf sfouriljl vijk.
Fk N`hité lf ^fouriljl Qijk lfaicirê kj hft`l`kòèj pjrj livukojr kjs kfnni`cfs
jprfcliljs y jnni`cfs lf hfe`rj jctf t`l` fk pfrs`cjk.
Qfrsiþc5 74
Wêoicj 17 lf 1>
Wêoicj 17 lf 1>
Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
:7. JCF]@^
➤ Jcfx` : Jntj lf N`hpr`his

N`hpr`his`` lf kj Jktj Lirfnniþc.
➤ Jcfx` 4 Jntj lf N`ca`rhjniþc lfk N`hité lf ^fouriljl Qijk.
➤ Jcfx` > Mèj lf Qilj lfk Tfsp`csjdkf lf
lfkk WF^Q.
➤ Jcfx` < W`kètin
W`kètinjj lf ^fouriljl Qijk.
➤ Jcfx` 6 Tfoistr` A`tòrêain` lf Livuk
Livukojniþc
ojniþc lf kj W`kètinj lf ^fouriljl
Qijk.
➤ Jcfx` 1 Tfoistr` lf Livukojni
Livukojniþc
þc lfk WF^Q y W`kètinj lf ^fouriljl Qijk.
➤ Jcfx` ? Nfrtiain
Nfrtiainjl`
jl` lf Fxistfcn
Fxistfcnij
ij y Tfprfsfctjniþc
Tfprfsfctjni þc Kfojk.
➤ Jcfx` = Wr`nflih
Wr`nflihifct`
ifct` Ofstiþc lf N`hprjs.
➤ Jcfx` 9 N`ctr`k lf L`nuhfct`s lf N`clunt`r y Qfmènuk`
Qfmènuk`..
➤ Jcfx` :7 @rlfc lf N`hprj y/` ^frvi
^frvini`.
ni`.
➤ Jcfx` :: Wr`nflihifct
Wr`nflihifct`` Ofstiþc lfk Tfnurs` Muhjc`.
➤ Jcfx` :4 Nufsti`cjri` Wjrj Lijoc`stin`
Lijoc`sti n` ^fouriljl Qijk \rjdjejl`rfs.
\rjdjejl`rfs .
➤ Jcfx` :> Jpkinjniþ
Jpkinjniþcc Nufsti`cjri` Wjrj Lijoc`stin`
Lijoc`stin ` ^fouriljl Qijk
\rjdjejl`rfs.
➤ Jcfx` :< N`cs`kiljni
N`cs`kiljniþc
þc y Jcêkisis lfk Nufsti`cjri` lf ^fouriljl Qijk
\rjdjejl`rfs.
➤ Jcfx` :6 Hjtriz lf ilfctiainjn
ilfctiainjniþc
iþc lf Wfkior`s, Qjk`rjniþc lfk Tifso` y
Wkjcfs lf Jnniþc.
➤ Jcfx` :1 Wròrjhj lf Ofstiþc lf Tifso` lf ^fouriljl Qijk.
➤ Jcfx` :? Wrfsupufst` Jcujk lf ^fouriljl Qijk.
➤ Jcfx` := Wr`nflihifct
Wr`nflihifct`` lf Julit`rèjs Ictfrcjs.
➤ Jcfx` :9 Wròrjhj lf Julit`rèjs Ictfrcjs.
Qfrsiþc5 74
Wêoicj 1: lf 1>
Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
➤ Jcfx` 47 Hjcujk lf N`hpftfcni

N`hpftfcnijs
js kjd`rjkfs.
➤ Jcfx` 4: Hjtriz Wràfsiòrjhj.

➤ Jcfx` 44 Mèj Lf Qilj Kjd`r Qilj IW^.
➤ Jcfx` 4> Fxêhfcfs Hélin`s Tfjkizjl`s.

➤ Jcfx` 4< Mèj lf Qilj IHWT@^JKVL.
➤ Jcfx` 46 Fxêhfcfs Wsin`sfcs`hftrin`s Tfjkizjl`
Tfjkizjl`s.
s.
➤ Jcfx` 41 Mèj lf Qilj Wràfsi`cjk fc ^fouriljl Qijk.
➤ Jcfx` 4? H`lfk` lf Wrufdj \fþrinj.
➤ Jcfx` 4= Mèj llf

f Qilj Njrk`s Kjhikkj.
➤ Jcfx` 49 Nufsti`cjri` Wfraik lf Wfrs`cjkiljl :1 WA.
➤ Jcfx` >7 Mèj lf Wsinþkò`.
➤ Jcfx` >: Wkjc Jcujk lf Njpjnitjniþc
Njpjnitjniþc..
➤ Jcfx` >4 A`rhjt` Njpjnitjniþc, N`ctr`k lf Jsistfcn
Jsistfcnij
ij y Fvjkujniþc lf kj
Fainjnij.
➤ Jcfx` >> Wr`nflihifct
Wr`nflihifct`` N`ctr`k llff l`nuhfct`s.
➤ Jcfx` >< A`rhjt` Tfoistr` y N`ctr`k Icarjnni`cfs lf \rêcsit` j

N`clunt`rfs.
➤ Jcfx` >6 Mist`rijk Lf N`csuktjs Lf Icarjnni`c
Icarjnni`cfs
fs Lf \rêcsit`.
➤ Jcfx` >1 W`kètinj lf C` Jkn`m`k, Lròjs y Auhjl`rfs.
➤ Jcfx` >? W`kètinj lf Njkiljl, ^fouriljl, ^jkul fc fk \rjdje` y Jhdifctjk.
➤ Jcfx` >= N`csfctihifct` Ica`rhjl` Jkn`m`kfhij
Jkn`m`kfhij..
➤ Jcfx` >9 A`rhjt` pjrj Qioikjcni
Qioikjcnijj lfk N`csuh` lf Jkn`m`k
Jkn`m`k..
➤ Jcfx` <7 A`rhjt` Tfp`rtf lf Fhdrijoufz
Fhdrijoufz..
➤ Jcfx` <: Mèj lf Qilj lf Qfmènuk`s
Qfmènuk`s..
Qfrsiþc5 74
Wêoicj 14 lf 1>
Wkjc Fstrjtéoin
Qijk
ijk

FKJD@TÞ5
JWT@DÞ5
M^FZ
M^FZ-WK7> OFCFTJK
OFTFC\F OFCFTJK
➤ Jcfx` <4 Tfoistr` N`ctr`k lf Qfmènuk`s

Qfmènuk`s..
➤ Jcfx` <> Wròrjhj lf Hjctfcihifct` lf Icstjkjni

Icstjkjni`cfs
`cfs y Fquip`s
Fquip`s..
➤ Jcfx` << Hjctfcihifct`s Qfmènuk`s \frnfr`s.
➤ Jcfx` <6 Tfoistr` Hjctfcihifct` N`rrfntiv

N`rrfntiv`.
`.
➤ Jcfx` <1 Wr`nflihifct
Wr`nflihifct`` Jnni`cfs N`rrfntivjs
N`rrfntivjs,, Wrfvfctivjs y lf Hfe`rj.
➤ Jcfx` <? A`rhjt` Icspfnniþc lf Qfmènuk`.
➤ Jcfx` <= A`rhjt` Tut`-orjhjs.
➤ Jcfx` <9 A`rhjt` Ofrfcnijhifct` lf Qijef.
➤ Jcfx` 67 Wr`nflihifc
Wr`nflihifct`
t` Lf N`hucinjniþc
N`hucinjniþc,, Wjrtinipj
Wjrtinipjniþc
niþc Y N`c
N`csuktj.
suktj.
➤ Jcfx` 6: Wkjc lf Fhfrofcnijs
Fhfrofcnijs..
➤ Jcfx` 64 Wr`nflihifct
Wr`nflihifct`` Ofstiþc lf Icnilfctfs
Icnilfctfs..
Qfrsiþc5 74

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WKJC F^\TJ\FOIN@ LF ^FOVTILJL QIJK

6.:.4 @deftiv`s Fspfnèain`s Lfk Wkjc Fstrjtéoin` Lf ^fouriljl Qijk ...............

6.:.> @deftiv`s Lf Kj Kfy ..............

6.:.< Lirfntrinfs Lf Kj Jktj Lirfnniþc ...............

6.4. N@HI\É LF ^FOVTILJL QIJK ....................................................................................

6.4.4 @deftiv` lfk N`hité lf ^fouriljl Qijk ...............

6.4.> Ictforjctfs lfk N`hité lf ^fouriljl Qijk ...............

6.4.<. T`kfs y Aucni`cfs lf k`s ictforjctfs

6.4.6. Arfnufcnij lf Tfuci`cfs lfk N`hité lf ^fouriljl Qijk ................

6.>. TF^W@C^JDKFF LFK WKJC F^\TJ\ÉOIN@ LF ^FOVTILJL

6.<. W@KI\INJ LF ^FOVTILJL QIJK .................................................................................. 47

6.6. LIQVKOJNIÞC LF KJ W@KÈ\INJ LF ^FOVTILJL QIJK .................................................. 47

6.?. TIF^O@ QIJK ............................................................................................................ 49

6.?.4. Jpkinjniþc lfk Nufsti`cjri` Wjrj Lijoc`stin` ^fouriljl Qijk \rjdjejl`rfs ..........49

6.?.<. Lfaiciniþc lf Tifso`s Qijkfs lf WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^ ^.J.^. ................

6.?.6. Njkiainjniþc y Nkjsiainjniþc lf Tifso`s Qijkfs.................

6.=. WKJCF^ LF JNNI@C LF TIF^O@^ QIJKF^ .................................................................... >4

6.=.4. Wkjcfs lf Jnniþc Ajnt`r Qfmènuk`s

6.=.>. Wkjcfs lf Jnniþc Ajnt`r Icarjfstrunturj

6.=.<. Wkjcfs lf Jnniþc Ajnt`r Jtfcniþc j Qintihjs ................

6.:7.4. JVLI\@TIJ^ ...............

1. N@HW@T\JHIFC\@ MVHJC@ ........................................................................................ <<

1.< NJWJNI\JNIÞC FC ^FOVTILJL QIJK .............................................................................. <?

1.6.4 Tfp`rtf lf n`hpjrfcl`s......................................................

1.1.4 Tfoukjniþc Lf M`rjs Lf N`clunniþc Y Lfsnjcs` ............. ¡Frr`r! Hjrnjl`r c` lfaicil`.

1.1.< Vs` lfk nicturþc lf sfouriljl ...............

1.1.6 Fkfhfct`s Lf Wr`tfnniþc Wfrs`cjk ................................... ¡Frr`r! Hjrnjl`r c` lfaicil`.

Fstêcljrfs Lf N`hp`rtjhifct` Fc ^fouriljl Qijk ................... .. ¡Frr`r! Hjrnjl`r c` lfaicil`.

?. QFMÈNVK@ ^FOVT@ ............................................................................................................. 66

?.: HJC\FCIHIFC\@ WTFQFC\IQ@ ..................................................................................... 66

=.:. Tutjs Ictfrcjs ..............

>. J\FCNIÞC LF QIN\IHJ^ .................................................................................................. 69

Fquip` Lf ^fouriljl Lf K`s Qfmènuk`s .........

Hft`l`k`oèj Wjrj Icvfstiojr Jnnilfctfs ..........................................................................17

Kj fhprfsj dusnj pr`h`vfr kj ilfctiainjniþc y rfp`rtf lf t`ljs

6.4.: WKJCF^ LF JNNIÞC Y NT@C@OTJHJ ............................... ¡Frr`r! Hjrnjl`r c` lfaicil`.

Kjs kjd`rfs quf rfjkizjrê kj Fhprfsj fc kj dõsquflj lf n`clini`cfs sfourjs pjrj

Kj @rojcizjniþc Huclijk lf kj ^jkul, j trjvés lfk ica`rhf s`drf kj situjniþc huclijk

Fc fsf n`ctfxt`, N`k`hdij c` fs jefcj j fstj pr`dkfhêtinj, yj quf fctrf fk pfri`l`

Fstjs niarjs fstihukjc j WF\T@JCLICJ ^FTQINF^ ^.J.^ j pfcsjr fc ucj

Kj a`rhukjniþc lf fstf Wkjc Fstrjtéoin` lf ^fouriljl Qijk fs ucj rfspufstj j fstjs

Tflunir siociainjtivjhfctf kj `nurrfcnij lf jnnilfctfs lf trêcsit`.

Tflunniþc lfk kunr` nfsjctf, pr`lunt` lf kj ich`vikiljl lf vfmènuk`s

>. N@CNFW\@^ Y LFAICINI@CF^

Fs fk icstruhfct` lf pkjciainjniþc quf n`csiocjl` fc uc l`nuhfct` n`ctifcf kjs

^u aicjkiljl fs lfaicir k`s `deftiv`s y kjs jnni`cfs ` ictfrvfcni`cfs n`cnrftjs quf

@deftiv`s Lf Vc Wkjc Fstrjtéoin` Lf ^four

N`c k`s `deftiv`s lfk pkjc fstrjtéoin`

➤ ^fouril jl vijk5 ^f rfaifrf jk n`ceuct` lf jnni`cfs, hfnjcish`s, fstrjtfoijs

➤ ^fouriljl jntivj5 ^f rfaifrf jk n`ceuct` lf hfnjcish`s ` lisp`sitiv`s lfk

➤ Tifso`5 Fs kj fvjkujniþc lf kjs n`csfnufcnijs lf uc pfkior`, fxprfsjlj fc

➤ Qukcfrjdikiljl5 Wr`djdikiljl lf jafntjniþc, puflf lfnirsf tjhdiéc, lf kj

➤ Wjsjefr`5 Wfrs`cj listictj lfk n`clunt`r quf sf trjcsp`rtj fc uc vfmènuk`

➤ N`clunt`r5 Fs kj pfrs`cj mjdikitjlj y njpjnitjlj téncinj y tfþrinjhfctf

➤ ^@J\5 ^four` @dkiojt`ri` lf Jnnilfctfs lf \rêcsit` - ^@J\, fk nujk jhpjrj

➤ M^FZ5 Fs uc sistfhj lf ofstiþc p`r hfli` lf nujk sf ojrjctizj fk hjcfe`

➤ Fstrjtfoij5 N`hprfclf kjs pricnipjkfs `rifctjni`cfs y jnni`cfs

➤ Qisiþc5 Fs uc fkfhfct` lf kj pkjcfjniþc fstrjtéoinj quf fcucnij uc fstjl`

fxprfsjl` lf hjcfrj rfjkistj y p`sitivj fc térhic`s lf `deftiv`s.

➤ Fctiljl5 N`kfntiviljl n`csilfrjlj n`h` uciljl. Fspfnijkhfctf, nujkquifr

➤ @rojcizjniþc5 Js`nijniþc lf pfrs`cjs rfoukjlj p`r uc n`ceuct` lf c`rhjs

fc aucniþc lf lftfrhicjl`s aicfs.

➤ Qfmènuk`5 \`l` jpjrjt` h`ctjl` s`drf rufljs quf pfrhitf fk trjcsp`rtf lf