bi tp ln

mn hc: c hc t
H v tn: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MSSV: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lp qun l: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lp mn hc:

.............

s : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I. S LIU:

1. Cng trnh
Ti trng tnh ton di chn cng trnh ti
ct mt t:
N0 = 117,3 [T]; M0 = 13,8 [Tm]
2. Nn t
Lp t
1
2
3

S hiu

Chiu dy (m)

200

1,3

400

4,1

100

Chiu su mc nc ngm: Hnn = 10 (m)

II. yu cu:

1. Phn loi t (xc nh tn t v trng thi), chn chiu su chn mng hm.
2. Xc nh kch thc y mng ( b x l ) theo iu kin ptx [p] .
- p lc trung bnh di mng ptx =
- Sc chu ti ca nn [p] =

p gh
Fs

N0
+ tb .hm
bl

( tb = 2 T/m3 )

, trong pgh - ti trng gii hn ca nn .

Fs - h s an ton.

3. Tnh v v biu ng sut hu hiu phn b trong nn do ti trng bn

thn v ti trng ngoi gy ra.
4. Tnh ln n nh ti tm mng.
gio vin hng dn

Nguyn Tun

Bi tp ln:
Ti trng tiu chun ti chn ct :
N otc

N tt 117,3

102T
n
1,15

M otc

M tt 13,8

12Tm
n
1,15

Trong : Ntt, Mtt l ti trng tnh ton di chn cng trnh

n : H s vt ti (n = 1,1 1,2)
1. Phn loi t (xc nh tn v trng thi ca t)
Lp 1: C cc ch tiu c l nh sau:
W
%
28,5

Wnh
%
30

Wd
%
23,5

T/m3
1,80

2,68 10

c
Kg/cm2

0,08

Kt qu TN nn p e ng vi p
(kPa)
50
100
150
0,819 0,772 0,755

200
0,741

qc
(MPa)

0,4

Tnh cc ch tiu khc:

- H s rng t nhin:
. n (1 W )
2,68.1.(1 0,285)
1
1 0,913

1,8
- Ch s do: A Wnh Wd 30% 23,5% 6,5%
eo

A < 7 t ct pha
- st: B

W Wd 28,5 23,5

0,77
A
6,5

0,75 < B 1 trng thi do

- Kt qu CPT:
qc 0,4 MPa 40T / m 2

- M un bin dng:
Eo .qc
Ct pha c qc 40T / m 2 gn ng ta chn 5 vy : Eo .q c 5.40T / m 2 200T / m 2
Nhn xt: t ct pha c:

eo 0,913 B 0,77
E o 200T / m 2

c 0,08kg / cm 2 ; 10o

qc 0,4Mpa 40T / m 2
N 3

t c tnh cht xy dng khng tt

V d BTL CH

Lp 2: C cc ch tiu c l nh sau:

W
%

Wnh
%

28

41

Wd
%
25

T/m3
1,88

2,71

170

Kt qu TN nn p e ng vi
P(Kpa)

c
kg/cm2
0,28

100

200

300

400

0,813

0,792

0,778

0,768

qc
(Mpa)

2,0

16

Tnh cc ch tiu khc:

- H s rng t nhin:
. n (1 W )
2,71.1.(1 0,28)
1
1 0,845

1,88
- Ch s do: A Wnh Wd 41% 25% 16%
eo

17 A t st pha
- st: B

W Wd 28 25

0,19
A
16

0 B 0,25 trng thi na cng

- Kt qu CPT:
qc 2 Mpa 200T / m 2
- M un bin dng:
Eo .qc
2
St pha c qc 200T / m gn ng ta chn 6 vy : Eo .q c 6.200T / m 2 1200T / m 2
Nhn xt:

t st pha c:

eo 0,845 ; B 0,19
E o 1200T / m 2

c 0, 28kg / cm 2 ; 17 o
qc 2 Mpa 200T / m 2
N 16

t c tnh cht xy dng tng i tt

Lp 3: C cc ch tiu c l nh sau:
Thnh phn ht (%) tng ng vi cc c ht
>10

10
5

5
2

2
1

1
0,5

0,5
0,25

0,25
0,1

0,1
0,05

0,05
0,02

<
0,02

21

36

25

W
%

T/m

20

1,89

qc

()

Mpa

2,63

33

7,8

17

Lng c ht > 0,5mm chim: 1+ 2+ 21 + 36 = 60% >50% ct th

Kt qu CPT:
qc 7,8Mpa 780T / m 2
Tra bng chng th nghim hin trng sch c t
ct trng thi cht va
H s rng ban u ca t:
eo

V d BTL CH

. n (1 W )
2,63.1(1 0,2)
1
1 0,67

1,89

.W 2,63.0,2

0,785 t m gn no nc
eo
0,67
M un bin dng: Eo .qc

bo ho: G

q c 780T / m 2

Eo 2.780 1560T / m 2

Ct th, cht va: qc 7,8Mpa 780T / m 2

N 17

33o
Eo 1560T / m 2

4100

1300

t c tnh cht xy dng tt

Tr a cht:
Ct pha
do

St pha
Na cng

Ct th
Cht va

200

400

100

Ct pha, do : = 1,8T/m3 ; = 2,68 ; = 100 ; c = 0,8 T/m2,

B = 0,77; e 0 = 0,913 ; qc = 40 T/m2; N = 3; Eo = 200T/m2

St pha,na cng : =1,88T/m3 ; = 2,71 ; = 170 ; c = 2,8 T/m2,

B = 0,19; e 0 = 0,845 ; qc = 200 T/m2 ; N =16; Eo=1200T/m2

Ct to, cht va: =1,89T/m3; = 2,63 ; = 330

e 0 = 0,67; E0 = 1560T / m 2 ; qc = 780 T/m2; N =17

Nhn xt chung:
Lp t trn kh yu, nhng mng, ch dy 1,3m; lp 2 v 3 tt dn c kh nng lm
nn cho cng trnh; vy ta chn chiu su chn mng hm = 1,4m.
( Chiu su chn mng c chn sao cho mng t vo lp c tnh cht xy dng tt,
vi mng nng thng c chn t 1m 2m, c th ln hn nu lp t yu dy)
2, Xc nh kch thc y mng ( b x l ) theo iu kin ptx [p] .
M 0 12

0,12
N 0 102
Chn l / b (1 e) (1 2e) 1,12 1,24 1,2

lch tm ca ti trng: e

Gi thit y mng c b rng b = 2,0m l = .b = 1,2.2 = 2,4m. Chn l = 2,4m.

(Chn l v b phi chn v l do thi cng)
( Vic la chn s b b ban u l theo kinh nghim, v ta phi chn li b nu kt qu
cui cng khng tha mn iu kin cng ptx [p], cng nh tha mn nhng kt
qu chnh lch ln hn 15% v l do kinh t)
V d BTL CH

2.1. Tnh ton p lc di mng:

N otc
102
tb.hm
2.1,4 21,25 2,8 24T / m 2
F
2.2,4
( tb 2T / m 3 )

M otc
M otc .6
12.6
pmax ptx
ptx
24
30,25T / m 2
2
2
W
b.l
2.2,4
tc
tc
M
M .6
12.6
pmin ptx o ptx o 2 24
17,75T / m 2
2
W
b.l
2.2,4
2
b.l
Vi W
l m men khng un
6

2.2.Tnh ton sc chu ti ca nn t:

Sc chu ti ca nn c tnh theo cng thc ca
Terzaghi:

No
0.000

Mo

Qo

-1.400

2000

ptx

Pgh 0,5. 1. .b. N 2 .q.N q 3 .c.N c

b
2
1 1 0,2 1 0,2.
0,83
l
2,4
2 1
b
2
3 1 0,2 1 0,2
1,17
l
2,4
tra bng Terzaghi ta c: N 3,14 ; N q 4,77 ; N c 12,3

Trong :

17 o

2400

Ph ti q '.hm 1,81.1,4 (T / m 2 )
( : Trng lng ring trung bnh ca cc lp t t y mng tr ln)
p gh 0,5.0,83.1,88.2.3,14 1.1,81.1,4.4,77 1,17.2,8.12,3 4,9 12 40,3 57,2T / m 2

[ p]

p gh
Fs

57,2
28,6 (T / m 2 )
2

Fs 2 (t dnh chn Fs = 2, t ri chn Fs = 3)

Kim tra: ptb 24T / m 2 [ p ] 28,6T / m 2

pmax 30, 25T / m 2 1,2[ p ] 1,2.28,6 34,32 T / m 2
1,2[ p] p max 34,32 30,25

11,8 % 15% tha mn iu kin kinh t )

(
1,2[ p]
34,32

Vy kch thc y mng hp l l bxl = 2x2,4.

3. Tnh v v biu ng sut hu hiu phn b trong nn do ti trng bn thn
v ti trng ngoi gy ra.
Ti trng gy ln:
p gl ptx ' .hm 24 1,8.1,4 24 2,52 21,5T / m 2

Chia cc lp t di y mng trong phm vi chiu dy nn ln thnh cc lp phn t

b
4

c chiu dy hi ; y mng c b = 2m ta chia cc lp t dy 0,5m.

V biu p lc bn thn:
V biu ng sut gy ln ti tm mng:
(Lu trng hp c nc ngm)
V d BTL CH

bti i (hm zi )
zi ko p

tc

No

1300

Ct pha
do

tc

Mo

tc

Qo

0.000

200

400

6,28T/m2

7,22T/m2

8,16T/m2

Ct th
Cht va

5,29T/m2

10,04T/m2

10,985T/m2

500
500

8,15T/m2

9,1T/m2

bt

11,46T/m2

500

5,34T/m2

15,91T/m2

500

500

4,4T/m2

20,19T/m2

4,47T/m2

500

3,46T/m2

500

3,46T/m2

21,5T/m2

2,73T/m2

500

St pha
Na cng

2,13T/m2

500

4100

2,52T/m2

500

-1.400

100

Kt qu tnh ton ng sut ti tm mng lp thnh bng sau:

Lp

im tnh

zi (m)

bt (T / m 2 )

l 2, 4

b
2

z
b

ko

zi k o p

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
4,5

2,52
3,46
4,40
5,34
6,28
7,22
8,16
9,10
10,04
10,985

1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2

0
0,25
0,5
0,75
1
1,25
1,5
1,75
2
2,25

1
0,939
0,74
0,533
0,379
0,246
0,208
0,161
0,127
0,099

21,5
20,19
15,91
11,46
8,15
5,29
4,47
3,46
2,73
2,13

II

V d BTL CH

4. Tnh ln ca nn t ti tm mng:
* Xc nh chiu su vng chu nn (vng tnh ln): chiu su z= 4,5m (ng vi im
9) th :
ng sut bn thn: bt 9 10,985T / m 2
ng sut gy ln: z 9 2,13T / m 2
1
5

Tho mn iu kin: z bt . Vy tt ln su z= 4,5m

* Tnh ln: (bng cch ly tng ln ca cc lp phn t):
n

Vi t c kt qu nn p:

S Si

t dnh:

i 1

i 1

e1i e2i
hi
1 e1i

h
S i i zigl ( = 0,8)
i 1 Eoi

Vi t c khng kt qu nn p: t ri:
n

e1i e2i
hi
i 1 1 e1i

Lp 2: t dnh: S Si
i 1

e1i ; e2i h s rng ca t ng vi p1i ; p2i

bt (i 1) bti
p1i
;
2

p2i p1i zi

z (i 1) zi
zi
2
hi chiu dy lp t phn t th i

Lp 3: t ct:

n
h
S i i zi ; 0,8
i 1 Eoi

Kt qu tnh ton trnh by trong bng sau:

Tng
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

hi (m)

p1i

0,5
-

2,99
3,93
4,87
5,81
6,75
7,69
8,63
9,57

Tng
9

hi (m)
0,5

zi
20,845
18,050
13,685
9,805
6,720
4,880
3,965
3,095

zi
2,43

p2i p1i zi
23,835
21,980
18,555
15,615
13,470
12,570
12,565
12,545

Eo
1560

e1i

e2i

0,824
0,823
0,822
0,821
0,820
0,819
0,817
0,814

0,788
0,790
0,796
0,802
0,806
0,808
0,811
0,812

S i (cm)
0,97
0,91
0,71
0,52
0,38
0,30
0,17
0,05
S1= 4,01cm

S i (cm)
0,06
S2 = 0,06cm

Vy ln: S = S1+S2 = 4,07cm 4cm

V d BTL CH