TRIGONOMTRIE : FORMULAIRE

Angles associs
Une lecture efficace du cercle trigonomtrique permet de retrouver les relations suivantes :
p p
cos + x = -sin(x) cos - x = sin(x)
2 p p 2
+x -x
p p
sin + x = cos(x) sin - x = cos(x)
2 2
2 2

cos(p x) = cos(x)
px x
sin(p x) = sin(x)

cos(p + x) = cos(x) cos(x) = cos(x)

p+x x
sin(p + x) = sin(x) sin(x) = sin(x)

Relations entre cos, sin et tan

1
cos2(x) + sin2(x) = 1 1 + tan2(x) =
cos 2 ( x)
Formules d'addition
cos(a b) = cos(a) cos(b) + sin(a) sin(b) cos(a + b) = cos(a) cos(b) sin(a) sin(b)
sin(a b) = sin(a) cos(b) cos(a) sin(b) sin(a + b) = sin(a) cos(b) + cos(a) sin(b)
tan(a) - tan(b) tan(a) + tan(b)
tan(a - b) = tan(a + b) =
1 + tan(a ) tan(b) 1 - tan(a) tan(b)

Formules de duplication
2 tan(a)
cos(2a) = cos2(a) sin2(a) = 2 cos2(a) - 1 = 1 - 2 sin2(a) sin(2a) = 2 sin(a) cos(a) tan(2a) =
1 - tan 2 (a)
3tan( a ) - tan 3 ( a )
Extensions : cos(3a) = 4cos3(a) - 3cos(a) sin(3a) = 3sin(a) - 4sin3(a) tan(3a) =
1- 3tan 2 ( a )
Au del, utiliser la formule de Moivre.

Formules de linarisation
1 + cos(2a) 1 - cos(2a) 1 - cos(2a)
cos2(a) = sin2(a) = tan2(a) =
2 2 1 + cos(2a)
cos( 3a ) + 3 cos( a ) - sin(3a ) + 3 sin( a ) - sin(3a ) + 3 sin( a )
Extensions : cos3(a) = sin3(a) = tan3(a) =
4 4 cos(3a ) + 3 cos( a )

Au del, utiliser les formules d'Euler. Les formules d'Euler permettent galement de montrer que :
1 1 1
cos(a) cos(b) = [cos(a - b) + cos(a + b)] cos(a) sin(b) = [sin(a + b) - sin(a - b)] sin(a) sin(b) = [cos(a - b) - cos(a + b)]
2 2 2

p+q p-q p+q p-q

cos(p) + cos(q) = 2 cos cos cos(p) - cos(q) = -2 sin sin
2 2 2
2

p+q p-q p-q p+q

sin(p) + sin(q) = 2 sin cos sin(p) - sin(q) = 2 sin cos
2 2 2 2

Rsolution d'quations trigonomtriques U

U = p -V V cos(U) = cos(V) (U = V [2p] ou U = -V [2p])
V
sin(U) = sin(V) (U = V [2p] ou U = p -V [2p])
tan(U) = tan(V) U = V [p]

Expression du cosinus, sinus et tangente en fonction de la tangente de l'angle moiti

a 1- t2 2t 2t
Si t = tan , on a : cos(a) = ; sin(a) = ; tan(a) =
2 1+ t2 1+ t2 1- t2
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