ENPC - Béton Précontraint - Exercice Pertes

BAP 2 Petite classe n°1

Pertes de précontrainte - Etude d'un tirant

On étudie une pièce en béton précontraint de section carrée, soumise à des efforts de
traction et de compression:

Effort permanent de traction, en construction: Qc = 0,00 MN

en service: Qp = -3,50 MN

Effort variable (valeur caractéristique): traction: Qv min = -2,15 MN

compression: Qv max = 1,00 MN

Effort variable (valeur fréquente): traction: Qf min = -1,40 MN

compression: Qf max = 0,60 MN
Déterminer la section de béton et la force de précontrainte pour que le béton ne subisse pas
de contraintes excessives:

En construction: 0,00 < σc < 0.6 fck(t)

En service sous combinaison rare < σc < 0.6 fck
En service sous combinaison fréquente: 0,00 < σc < 0.5 fck
En service sous combinaison quasi-permanente: 0,00 < σc < 0.45 fck

Déterminer le cablage correspondant

Calculer la tension des câbles, à la mise en service et au temps infini
Etudier le tirant à l'ELU normal et sous l'effet d'une charge accidentelle de -6MN
(en déduire le ferraillage passif éventuel)

Q COUPE LONGITUDINALE Q
12,00 m

a?
COUPE
TRANSVERSALE a?

CHOIX DES UNITES DE PRECONTRAINTE

Unités Tension utile Section Diamètre du Caractérist. mécaniques Tension
courantes conduit fpk fp 0.1k initiale
MN mm² mm Mpa Mpa MN
12 fils 8 0,57 604,00 51,00 1 570,00 1 410,00 0,77
1 T 15 0,18 150,00 20,00 1 860,00 1 650,00 0,22
4 T 15 0,72 600,00 50,00 1 860,00 1 650,00 0,89
7 T 15 1,26 1 050,00 65,00 1 860,00 1 650,00 1,56
9 T 15 1,62 1 350,00 75,00 1 860,00 1 650,00 2,00
12 T 15 2,16 1 800,00 85,00 1 860,00 1 650,00 2,67

1
ENPC - Béton Précontraint - Exercice Pertes

2
ENPC - Béton Précontraint - Exercice Pertes

3
 ENPC - Béton Précontraint - Exercice Pertes

!#
:= := + := !!! ⋅
"!
$ ! := %
:= !# & '!& ( !& )*

= +!%%
⋅ "−
β ' * := β ( !) = !# ",
- ' * := ⋅β '*− - ( !) = %#

:= #" ⋅ "+ > ! = #

"!

!# ⋅ ≤ !
"

α ' * := < - ' * := ⋅β '*

α' *
( )
- ! = #

" . /

!#! := !#%⋅ !#! = #

!#, := "# ⋅ !#, = +#

−" −"
µ := !#", := !#!! ⋅ := % := ",!!!!

0 1
2 := ! ( 2 := − # (

4
 ENPC - Béton Précontraint - Exercice Pertes

2- 3 := " ( 2- := − #" (
2- 3 := !#4 ( 2 - := −"#+ (

! ≤ σ ≤ !#4⋅ '* !#4⋅ ( )

- ! = "4#
6 & 1 σ ≤ !#4⋅ !#4⋅ = "
6 & 1 ! ≤ σ ≤ !#4⋅
6 & 1 ! ≤ σ ≤ !#+ ⋅ !#+ ⋅ = " #%

7 8986 & 1

7 8986 & 9 . . 1 &

1 8 &

: 6 &96 & ; & ;

#< = ' > * ? @< σc = P/Ac + Q/Ac
& =
6 & = ' 6 6
= ' 6 6 *

<
+2 +2
!≤
0 0
≤ !#4⋅ ( !) !#4⋅ ( )
- ! = "4#

+2 +2 - 3
# # ≤ !#4⋅ !#4⋅ = "
0
+2 +2 -
≤ !#4⋅ !#4⋅ = "
0
+2 +2 - 3 +2 +2 - 3
# 1# ! ≤ ≤ !#4⋅
0 0
+2 +2 - +2 +2 -
!≤ ≤ !#4⋅
0 0
+2 +2
#2 !≤ ≤ !#+ ⋅ !#+ ⋅ = " #%
0 0
< 6

5
 ENPC - Béton Précontraint - Exercice Pertes

+2 +2 -
!≤ - := −2 − 2 - - = +#, (
0

< . +3%A" ) -" := "# 4 ( -" := "# 4 (

+
:= +⋅ -" := +⋅ -" := = #!+ (
= #4+ (
:
+2 +2 - +2 +2
( !)
3
≤ !#4⋅ ≤ !#4⋅ ≤ !#+ ⋅
0 0 0
+2 +2 - 3 +2 +2
0 ≥ , ,
( )
3
!#4⋅ !#4⋅ - ! !#+ ⋅
+2 +2 - 3 +2 +2
:= , , = !# +4
( )
0 - 3 0 -
!#4⋅ !#4⋅ - ! !#+ ⋅

:= 0 - = # < . := 4!

+ 3 %A" )

:= " 4! !#" := "4 ! : := " φ := 4

σ ! := ( !# ⋅ , !#,⋅ !#" ) σ ! = "+
0 " := %⋅ " ! 0 := +⋅ 0 " := 0 ⋅ σ ! = 4# + (

φ 0 " = "! !
B 0 := − +⋅ π ⋅
0 = !# +%
: #

− µ ⋅ ( α + ⋅ 3)
σ ' 3* = σ !⋅
5
C 6 & σ ' 3* := σ !⋅
− µ⋅ ⋅ 3
σ (: ) = "+4

"+,!
"+
"+ !
σ ' 3*
"+%
"
"+%!
"+4
"+4!
! + 4 "! "
3

6
 ENPC - Béton Précontraint - Exercice Pertes

:!
− µ⋅ ⋅ 3
σ ! ' 3* = σ !⋅ : ∆ε(x) sur une longueur L0 telle que : ∆ε ' 3* 3 =
!

D 5 #<& σp1 (x) la nouvelle déformation après recul d'ancrage

µ⋅ ⋅ 3
σ ! ' 3* σ " ' 3*
σ " ' 3* = σ "⋅ ∆ε ' 3* = −

µ ⋅ ⋅ :! − µ ⋅ ⋅ :!
< ( )
σ " :! = σ ! :! ( ) ': 3 σ "⋅ = σ !⋅
3 = :!*
:!
− µ⋅ ⋅ 3 µ⋅ ⋅ 3 − µ ⋅ ⋅ :! µ ⋅ ⋅ :!
σ !⋅ − σ "⋅ −" −"
3= σ !⋅ − σ "⋅ = ⋅
−µ ⋅ µ⋅
!
− µ ⋅ ⋅ :! − ⋅ µ ⋅ ⋅ :! µ ⋅ ⋅ :!
E σ1 par sa valeur : σ! −" + ⋅ −" = −µ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅

− µ ⋅ ⋅ :! − ⋅ µ ⋅ ⋅ :! − µ ⋅ ⋅ :!
σ! − ⋅ +"+ = µ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ σ! −" = µ⋅ ⋅ ⋅

− µ ⋅ ⋅ :! µ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ " µ⋅ ⋅ ⋅
$ −"= − 5D :! := ⋅ "− :! = "#"4"
σ! −µ ⋅ σ!

:! > : 5 #: := : :="
:!
− µ⋅ ⋅ 3 µ⋅ ⋅ 3
σ !⋅ − σ "⋅
: 3= 9 E :! :

!
− µ⋅ ⋅ :
−"
σ !⋅ − ⋅
−µ ⋅
σ " :=
µ⋅ ⋅ : σ ! = "+ σ" = "
−"
µ⋅ − µ⋅ ⋅ : µ⋅ ⋅ :
σ !⋅ = "+4 σ "⋅ = " %+

σ ' 3 , :!* := σ "⋅

µ⋅ ⋅ 3
3 < :! σ - ( )
- 3 , :! := σ !⋅
− µ⋅ ⋅ 3

− µ⋅ ⋅ 3
σ !⋅ . /

7
 ENPC - Béton Précontraint - Exercice Pertes

" !!

(
σ 3 , :! ) "+%
"+ !
"
"+
σ - (
- 3 , :! ) "+!!
"
" %
" !
! + 4 "! "
3
( 06 "!! & 1 & :! : 53
− µ ⋅ ⋅ :!
−"
σ !⋅ − ⋅
−µ ⋅
σ "- := σ "- = "+!!
µ ⋅ ⋅ :!
−"
µ⋅

(
σ - 3 , :! := ) σ "-⋅
µ⋅ ⋅ 3
3 < :! σ -- - ' 3 , :!* := σ !⋅
− µ⋅ ⋅ 3

− µ⋅ ⋅ 3
σ !⋅ . /

" !!
"+
(
σ - 3 , :! )
"+%!
"+
" "++!
"+
σ -- - 3 , :! "+"! ( )
" " ,
" !
" 4
" !
! "! ! ! +! ! 4! %! ! ,! "!!
3

F 1 56 6 9 & 9 5 & 6 3 5
F & 3 5 F #
σ ( 3 , :!) + σ (
- 3 3 , :! )
(
σ - 3 3 , :! := σ ) ( : − 3 , :! ) σ- C ' 3* :=

8
 ENPC - Béton Précontraint - Exercice Pertes

" %

(
σ 3 , :! ) " %"#44%
"
" 4 #
σ - 3 3 , :! ( )
" 4
"

σ- C ' 3* " 4"#44%

"
" #

"
! + 4 "! "
3
:
< 9 σ- C = " 44

:
-" := 0 "⋅ σ - C -" = "#+ + (

. 1 5 61 & G9
. & 1 #
: G9 5 G
6
-" G
∆σ 0
0 "⋅ -" G
∆ = ⋅ 0 "⋅ ∆ε = ⋅ 0 "⋅ ∆ε = ⋅ 0 "⋅ = ⋅ 0 "⋅ = ⋅
0

: H" ' 9 & +*

: H ' 9 +*
: H " ' 9 +* :=
: H+ # 0 "
< 4 ∆P 4⋅ ⋅ ⋅ -"
0
0 "⋅ -"
∆ - := 4⋅ ⋅ ∆ - = !#"+ (
0

1 ( 1 5 ∆P :

(−"
( ⋅ ' ( − "*
"+ + ######## + ( − " = =
="

9
 ENPC - Béton Précontraint - Exercice Pertes

( ⋅ ' ( − "* -"

∆ - = ⋅ ⋅ 6 -" =
0 (
(−"
∆ - = ⋅ ⋅
0
∆ - (−" 0 "⋅
: = ⋅ ⋅
( ⋅( 0
" 0 "
2 ( & 6 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅
0
: 9∆ - est :
∆ -
∆σ - := ∆σ - = +# ,
0
06 & C 6
:
σ := σ - C − ∆σ - σ =" "

< 6 ' . *
0 ⋅σ
σ - :=
0
σ - = "4#" I !#4⋅ ( )
- ! = "4#
+
:= 0 ⋅ σ = # , ( '< 6 = #4+ ( *

$ J 1 & . 61
# 5 G & 3 1 5
& #
∆σ
< ∆ = ⋅ 0 ⋅ ∆ε = ⋅ 0 ⋅ ∆ε = ⋅0
2
∆σ := ∆σ = −,#+4
0 +0 ⋅

∆σ ∆
∆ := ⋅0 ∆ = −!# " ( σ - := σ − σ - =" +
0

0 ; & := σ - ⋅ 0 = # " ( σ := σ =" +

0
+
< 6 # = = #4+ (

10
 ENPC - Béton Précontraint - Exercice Pertes

+2 +2 - 3
# 1
= ,#4 I !#4⋅ = "
0
+2 +2 -
= !# I !#4⋅ = "
0

+2 +2 - 3
# 1#
= #+ I !#4⋅ = "
0
+2 +2 -
= #4 I !#4⋅ = "
0

+2
#2 = 4#% I !#+ ⋅ = " #%
0

ε = ε +ε ;
⋅0
:= +⋅ .! := .! = !# , . := !#% ε ! := !#!!! := "

ε '*= β ' , * ⋅ .⋅ ε ! 5 '9 *

−
β ( )
, :=
.!
− + !#!+⋅
"
B & 1 5 D 5 & #

ε := β (∞ , )⋅ .⋅ ε !−β ( ! , )⋅ .⋅ ε ! ε = !#!!!"
−4
ε := # ⋅ − "! ⋅ "!
" ε = !#!!!!4
− !# ⋅
β ' * := " −

11
 ENPC - Béton Précontraint - Exercice Pertes

ε '*= ε ⋅β ' *

ε := ε ⋅β ( ∞) − ε ⋅β ( !) ε = !#!!!! %
ε := ε +ε ε = !#!!! ",

σ
0 ρ "!!! := # µ := µ = !#%++

,#" ⋅ µ
(
!#% ⋅ "−µ )
−
∆σ - ' * := σ ⋅ !#44⋅ ρ "!!!⋅ ⋅ ⋅ "! ' . *
"!!!

< 3 9 !! !!! . 1 9 %

∆σ := ∆σ - ' !!!!!* ∆σ = 4 #4

< φ := #!

+2
σ 2 := σ 2 = 4#%
0
+
B := K := ! K 6 5
"

ε ⋅ + !# ⋅ ∆σ + ⋅ φ⋅ σ 2
∆σ := ∆σ = "++#
0 0
"+ ⋅ ⋅ "+ K ( " + !# ⋅φ)
0 B
:= − 0 ⋅ ∆σ = # ! ( < 6 #!+ (

1
+2 +2 - 3
!I = 4#4
0
+2 +2 -
!I = !#,
0
1

12
 ENPC - Béton Précontraint - Exercice Pertes

+2
!I = +#,
0

!"#

2 :L := "# ⋅ 2 + "# ⋅ 2 - 2 :L = −%#, (

γ := "#"
!#" !#"
= "+ +# := 0 ⋅ = 4#! 4 (
γ γ

B 1 2 :L + = −"#, + ( 9 6
−2 :L −
:= !! 0 := 0 = ++#

γ
!
0 M0 ! := π⋅
0
(M0 ! := (M0 ! = "+#! < "4M0 !
0 M0 !

$ !"#

2 := −4 (

2 :L := 2 + 2 2 :L = −,# (
γ := "
!#" !#"
= "4 ! := 0 ⋅ = 4#, (
γ γ

B 1 2 :L + =− # % ( 9 6

13
 ENPC - Béton Précontraint - Exercice Pertes

−2 :L −
:= !! 0 := 0 = "#+

γ
!
0 M0 ! := π⋅
0
(M0 ! := (M0 ! = "4# 4" < "4 M0 !
0 M0 !

14