Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
! " #
# # $
% & & "'
%& &
% #
( % ! # ) ( % ! #( % ! *
+ , & -(*+,.# / 0 , & 1 % #
2 #+ , + -+,+.# , %3 &
+ / #/ 3#+ #0 4 3 " &
# %& # %
% &
"
' 51 1 , - % 6 67.#1
0 - % 68 7.#1 1 - % 8 9:. 1 3
- % 97 ;;." ' %& & %
"' %
% "
# %# #
%
% & % % % % "(
% <
$ # "' %
% % &#
& % % % % %
% "
# # % &
% &
& % & &
"
!! " #
$
!! " %#
%$
!! " &'
&#
!! " ((
5
=" 3 >
3"3"
A 3 ,
* 4
"
=" 3
3 '"
? +" 2
G $ < # @ * ? $
% #
# " * -+ 2 .:
= % < &
& $ $ "
% "' & %
% $ & # <
% &
# " ( %& < %
# $ % " & # & %
$ # & % $ % %
# $ & $ "' %
" & #
# &
$ $ "
% 3 %
" % % & # %
' %
< & 3 > # #
%
# "6# ' 6BB9"7 3
& $ % & %
% % %
% % % "3 &
$ & % < % % %
" " 1
%% %
% #
% $ # % #
& ! " & # % < #
? %# # #
% & & # % # %
& % & # &
$ % # 6BB7"8
& * & % $
" ' G #
( % ! #9 #
2 #1 % + % % & &
% * " 1
= * #;
%" ' &
1 " ?"+" 2 # #0 #3 "
%
$ & #
+ 51 " ?"+" 2 # #
#? 2 #0 #3 B"
' 5F76 B986889BD= <5F76 B986889BD 5 % %
E " "
" " +
@ &
# & & # %
& #
"3 & % % # % %
# % %"
< <
%
% " % %
% "
%# &
%
& % # % #
%" % 6" 3 > =# 33#1 @#
% # & % 3 , A#4 *# "
& 5
#1 I1
< <
"
< :D;5;: 7 "
%# " "3 > =# 33#1 @#
# " 5
#
#1 I0 "
# # :D;576 8 "
% & 9" 2 +#2 ?#2 13>#
1 % @@#? 3"
" ' % "@ &5
& % ( % ! D6BB "
% ;" = * "
% !" # $
$ H !% & $ '
" (&#)* "+ % 5
3 & $ = *D 9"
& % :" + + #
# * "@
"C $ "
= # # & D ;569 :"
# # % & 7" 2 ?+# % 1>" / %
% & % %
% % & " + 6BB9D 85: B 68"
$ " 2 $ %
8" 2 ?# % "+
%
% & "+ , 6BB7DB56:: 77"
&
% C" %> # #) & 3#
" #2 % A ?@#) '=# "3
& $
3 &
"- D8:586 9"
%
+ % ? & 3 B" + >" = & 5
-+?3 .#B +?3 " . :D99656 6 8"
% %
Workforce needs of Health Professionals in Kuwait
%
! ' ++3 ,1 3 %
!
% 4 ((3! %
"
# $ ( +'3
% &&' ())'* %
( $ % %
())+ ()()* %
, 0
! % % () 7!
! ())+ ()() % 0
% ())7 )))
- % .1 / ())'
.( 1/ 5
# 6 9 ! )))
.&&' ),,7' %
())'/ : ! !
())+ ()() 8% )'),
(
%
& # % " #
& "6C
/ 6BC H# & &
# #
& & "'
% " ' < "
!
%# % #
% #
6" , !
% "6B
%
2 & #
6BB; ;D
%
" 1 !
< %
" # % !
: D
% % "
9" 1
0 & -0 .
#
/ % #&
# :
"
"
'
&
& & )
& #
& %& & " '
-+ & & + ."
#
& % ! - .#= #
" * < &
% % # 1 %# 1
" 6 3 +& -13+ ."6:
1
& ( % ! # )
% ( % ! 6#( % ! *
" ' & + , & -(*+,.6B#
& / 0 , & 1 % #
# % & 2 #+ , +
& " -+,+. ;# ,
3 % %3 & + / #/ 3#
+ #0 4 # 3 "; 6;
% ,
# % 6BB;
% " # ; % !
# % # %
" %
& : " 1 % &
% " ' % & & %
&
% " 3
& $ #
% % " + %
% & # <
,
& " % # &
+ % & & $
% % &
" #
# %
" 1
: & @ "
; -, '
1 % . % %& & %
< & %
% "
' & % & 6 -:;6. " ' & %
6BB; ; 6
6"C: -' 6." ' 6BB; ; 6"C: -'
$ & :;6 6." #
" # & % 5 %& & %
)
! ...
*+ , -
1 !
/ ! !
! ... ! !
0
0 ) 0 2 ) 2 ) 2
33$ $ ($ 4.3 & 4%&%4' 3 # 43 $ 3 4# 5 3 &% % (. %& &# %%$ 3 &( ' $%
335 $ $ # 4&5 & 4%' .4$ %. %4.%$ 4 .& &. % . %. # %&5 %%5 & &' % $(
333 5 .&43 (' 4&.&4%' . %4 .$ 4 3 ' %3 . .' 3 5 &.% %%$ &' $ & $.
%.. 5 ' 3 43 ' 5 4( ' 4.%% %4%$ (43 5 . %5 . 3 & 5 $ (.% %&(# &$ (5 #'
%..% 5 5 (4' ' . 4($ 5 4$ $ ' %4&# &4&%' %3 . 3 3 (5 %($ 5 &3 ' 3 #5
%..& 3 &4' .. 4' $ .45 &( %4(5 (4&&( %5 # 5 ' 5 # '3. %# ' ( (%(( $
%..( 3 &5 43 5 $ 4' 5 &4(# ( %4' %%4(' %5 ' 5 ' 5 ' #$5 %5 5 . (' ' 5 5
0 6 4) 6 ) ,
/7 8 %..(4 9 (.4 8 : ; 7 4 ! 7 : < = 4<
8 4
'
(" ## $!%%& '())& @ 9
2 ... % "
1 ' 6 6
! ! ! ! 0
0
/ ) / 2
#
33( 4# %.4.5 # %( &&. (' ( . %5 .%
& &
&
33' 45 . 4$ 3 $ &( &(& ($ $ . %# ($
6 " ' & % 6
33# 45 3 (4&# % &5 &# ( ' .% . %# ' . 6"C:#
33$ 43 $ 3 4# 5 3 .3 &' $ (# # . %&' ( $ & :;6
335 %4.%$ 4 .& % &# 3 (5 . %&$ & "' & % %
333 %4 .$ 4 3 ' $& &$ 5 '' . %# '
;"::J#
%... %4 5 3 4# # 5 $5 &3 & '$ . %# .5 9"C6J#
%.. %4%$ (43 5 . %&' &3 % # %$ . %$ ' # % %
%..% %4&# &4&%' %# ( &3 . #'( . %$ # $ "
=% 6 %
%..& %4(5 (4&&( & # (# $ $5& .& '%
" %
%..( %4' %%4(' &3 & (' 5 5' . &&$ (
07 8 %..(4 9 (.4 8 : ; 7 % -6BB; ;.
4 ! 7 : < = 4<
8 4
" 2 #
/ 6 4) 6 ) , <
$ 68"
& % &
& % %
-;"::J. -= % 6."
-7" J. & % ;#
- ' 6 -C;"6J.#
." ' & 6:"BJ" 0
& &
%
& %
% % & $
" < " '
% %
" = # %
"C 6
-$ & 9:8 - #,
. % 1 % = #
@ " # # 0 &" ;." # 3
+ < %
/ "; 9 <
6 -$ & !
;C6 ." " 3 %
& #
' 6 #
% & ; & #
6BB; ; $
" " / &
-% .# % / & %
&
6 " H" 3 &
+
* + !" , ## # $!%%& ()()
&' ..
&...
%' ..
,
%...
' ..
)
...
' ..
.
33( 33# 335 %... %..% %..( %..# %..5 %. . %. % %. ( %. # %. 5 %.%.
>
1
4
* + (" , ## $!%%& ()()
%..
...
5 ..
# ..
(.. ,
)
%..
.
33( 33# 335 %... %..% %..( %..# %..5 %. . %. % %. ( %. # %. 5 %.%.
>
1
& "
# / - "; 9." ' 7
' : % :
% " 2 5
: " 2 65 B6:#
5 6"C:# CC6 :
668: #
;8: : 7999 ;68
# : 6 9 %
& % 7" J"
68:; : 9;
% ;"::J"
& : "78J
: 6 "68J -' 7 =%
& ;."
% 79" 8J ' 8
: ;7" J -' : =% # 5
9." ' % - "C. %
& @ # $ &
< % 5 9:8 -' 9."
3 % #
" 0 # 86BC
: B:BC #
68:; : % 9;
7
-" !))) # # # # &" !))) # # # #
# . .
! , 1 ! , 1
... 7 0
... ! , 7 0 ! ,
! !
! ! !
? ?
8 8
5 ''% %..( . &&$ ( %43 # ( %..(
@ 0 / 4 ! HH H? H D
% . ($ # %.. ())&49 (.4 8 : ; 7 4
C
B 7 ' (3 5% %... @ 8A ! 7 : < = 4< 8 4
9 ! @ -' ;." 2 #
& .# &%$ %..
C 6 97
+ , # @ : 69C6 #
%5. &' $ %..
C
1
1" 2 # 3" 2
())1 ()() ())1 ()()
) J ) J
%..' %4' # 3 4' # ($ ' . $'( %3 3 # # & .$ %..' %4' # 3 4' # 55 ( $ (# ( '%#$
%..# %4# $ 4# 5 ' (5 &3 5 &( &..' #% . %..# %4# $ 4# 5 ' 535 ((& (' ' '.#$
%..$ %4# # # 43 5 # (3 &. 3 5 &. % # . %..$ %4# # # 43 5 # 3 ' ($ ((( (5 ' %
%..5 %4$ $ 4(' . ' .%& %..' &. 5 # . .5 %..5 %4$ $ 4(' . 3 &% ' .. (&% (# &'
%..3 %4$ # 3 4 .3 ' 3 %.3 # &.%& ' 3 .' %..3 %4$ # 3 4 .3 3'. '& ( 3 ((
%. . %45 % 43 3 $ '% # % 3 &.%' '$ 33 %. . %45 % 43 3 $ 3#5 '#( (.( ( $(
%. %45 $ # 4 (' '& # %%3 &.%' '# 3. %. %45 $ # 4 (' 35$ # .. &5 $ &3 %
%. % %43 & 4' 3 '( 3 %&3 ' &.%( '' 5. %. % %43 & 4' 3 ..# # &$ &# 3 &# ..
%. & %43 5 5 4&# 3 .%' #$# &(3 && (.
%. & %43 5 5 4&# 3 ' ' %( %' .( &.%. '(#$
%. ( &4.(# 4' ' .(' $ 3 &%# &. ' 5
%. ( &4.(# 4' ' '#& %# 5 &. & '&'
%. ' &4 .# 4.# 3 .# # $#& &.& %$ 3 .
%. ' &4 .# 4.# 3 '$( %$ &5 &..& '%&
%. # &4 # $ 4.# 3 .5 # 5 %$ ' %' &%
%. # &4 # $ 4.# 3 '5'( %5 # % %3 3 % '
%. $ &4%%3 4' ' ' .5 5# %($ %% %3
%. $ &4%%3 4' ' ' '3$. %3 3 % %3 $ 5 (3 5 5
%. 5 &4%3 &4' # $ &. 3 ' % ' 3 .&
%. 5 &4%3 &4' # $ # .5 5 & %5 %3 # . (5 # %
%. 3 &4&' 3 4 ' . '% 3$% 5. ' #&
%. 3 &4&' 3 4 ' . # %.3 &%$ %3 &5 ($ &%
%.%. &4(%# 4&($ # &&& &(%. %3 & (# .. %.%. &4(%# 4&($ $' .&% (& % $
65 :;6 "
-$ & 65C: 6 # #
# & % & C8"C9J #
6BB; ;.# 6 "68J
& & 5
% # & ! & % @
$ # 9:8
& " -$ & "C
3 6 .
% % 2 #9
:
" '
7;"98J "
" 2 # # 5
&
:;" J " ' ;C6 < % / #
;7" J & # % :" 8J
" (
" # %
& &
&
* + -" # 2 ## # $!%%& ()()
$ ...
# ' ..
# ...
' ' ..
' ...
(' ..
(...
&' ..
&...
)
%' ..
%...
' ..
7 !!
...
' ..
.
33( 33# 335 %... %..% %..( %..# %..5 %. . %. % %. ( %. # %. 5 %.%.
>
1
..
...
3 ..
5 ..
$ ..
# ..
' ..
(..
)
&..
%.. 7 !!
..
.
33( 33# 335 %... %..% %..( %..# %..5 %. . %. % %. ( %. # %. 5 %.%.
>
1
)
4" 2 # 6" 2
+ + # # 5# # $ 7 + 5# # $ ())1
())1 ()() ()()
) J ) J
%..' %4' # 3 4' # $ 35 $'( ' ((( $' #& %..' %4' # 3 4' # .&# ( $ # 3 '3 $'
%..# %4# $ 4# 5 ' $ &&% 5 &( ' (3 5 $(33 %..# %4# $ 4# 5 ' .' ' ((& # % '5 .
%..$ %4# # # 43 5 # $ ($ 3 5 '''& $ ( && %..$ %4# # # 43 5 # .$ ' ($ # .( '# 3
%..5 %4$ $ 4(' . $# % %..' ' # .$ $&## %..5 %4$ $ 4(' . .3 ' ' .. '3' ' ( &(
%..3 %4$ # 3 4 .3 $$'$ %.3 # '## $%35 %..3 %4$ # 3 4 .3 # '& '5' ' % (%
%. . %45 % 43 3 $ $ 3 .' % 3 '$ ( $ % %5 %. . %45 % 43 3 $ &$ '#( '$& ' . (.
%. %45 $ # 4 (' 5 .' # %%3 '$#' $ '# %. %45 $ # 4 (' '3 # .. ''3 (5 %&
%. % %43 & 4' 3 5% % %&3 ' '5 $ $.5( %. % %43 & 4' 3 5% # &$ ' (' (#
%. & %43 5 5 4&# 3 5 &$ %' .( '5#$ $ . .3 %. & %43 5 5 4&# 3 %.' #$# ' %3 (& 3 .
%. ( &4.(# 4' ' 5 ' &( %# 5 '3 # # 3 &% %. ( &4.(# 4' ' %%5 $ 3 ' .3 ( ('
%. ' &4 .# 4.# 3 5 $ .. %$ &5 '3#% #5 '& %. ' &4 .# 4.# 3 %' % $#& (5 3 &3 .#
%. # &4 # $ 4.# 3 55$ %5 # % # ..3 #$ $( %. # &4 # $ 4.# 3 %$ $ 5 (# # &# (3
%. $ &4%%3 4' ' ' 3 .(# %3 3 % # .' ( ## 3% %. $ &4%%3 4' ' ' &.% 5# (( && 5 $
%. 5 &4%3 &4' # $ 3 %%# & %5 # .3 5 ## . %. 5 &4%3 &4' # $ &%5 3 ' ( & & .
%. 3 &4&' 3 4 ' . 3 (.3 &%$ # &5 # ' %( %. 3 &4&' 3 4 ' . &' ( 3$% &5 % %5 %
%.%. &4(%# 4&($ 3'35 &(%. # $5 # ( &$ %.%. &4(%# 4&($ &5 .&% &(3 %' %$
% -= % 8. %
% #
& " ;" ' & %
+ % %
& & / & #
% # + # #
" ' %
# & # % %
% " % #
#
<# ! "
2 & %
&
%
& # # %
% @ & H
& " (
& "
( &
# & % :;6
-6"C: 6
" ' # . "
# & &
* + 1" # 2 ## # +
+ # # 5# # $!%%& ()()
......
....
....
3 ...
3 ...
5 ...
5 ...
$ ...
$ ...
# ...
# ...
' ...
' ...
(...
)
(...
&...
&...
%...
%...
... 7 !!
...
.
.
(
.
#
5
33( 33# 335
.
%...
.
%..%
.
%..(
.
%..#
.
%..5 %. . %. % %. ( %. # %. 5
%
%.%.
33
33
33
%.
%.
%.
%.
%.
%.
%.
%.
%.
%.
%.
>
1
* + 3" # 2 ## 7 +
# # $!%%& ()()
# ..
(..
%..
...
5 ..
)
# ..
(..
%.. 7 !!
.
33( 33# 335 %... %..% %..( %..# %..5 %. . %. % %. ( %. # %. 5 %.%.
>
1
(
* + 4" 8
< 7 F
?
? s
) ,
# & %J &# 5 J
* %..(- * %..()
A % F A F
7 K !,
% K 4 4
$ # %
% " @& %
#
# &
5 % %
& & < %
& " & % #
' ! % &
% < & #
%
& " 3 # "
6" '
& #
%
&
%
# %
"
%
<
% " 3
'
,
# < %
$
" $ "
;" 3 %3 & + •
% &
% & %
"+ % #
% &
%& %
%
% "
% $
"
7" ' 6" , +3#0 *# - 9."
* "
& 5KK " " ""
" ) ( % ! "
& / $
%# %# % "@ &#
& # % ) ( % #6BBC"
< % " 2 1 #) #2 ,2"
3 5L H
& # M" .-
% 9D68B5 7 C"
& $ $ ;" + +" # $
0 / 1 2 ) 5/
5 %3 &
• ' + #6BB8"
% :" ' >@" # -
& & +3
'
2 0 / " 6;" +
* %# " "- @ , &
7" + 0# ," 4 # A&, # & 1-
- # " 2 "+ % #/ 35/ &
% ,"+" ( ;" + % # 6"
5KK " " " 6:" ", #; "
8" + 2'2" 5 # 5 #
# $ 10 , ,
& 6# 0 / ? # 9"
778 9" ( #( 5+ 67" + "5
# " 4 $ , /"88?A"88B"
C" 3 & + " 5 / & 1 # ;"
: ; , 0 / 68" 33" # C
5 ) <2 $ "?
, "88%" % 5 1 1 %# / & #
3 & + # ;"
9" 6C" "
B" ? + , ( D (*1 /
* % *< @ "-2 " 5 # "
) 6B" @ $ D + & '
= ) 5/ % ) (@+&)*#+?*,* #
, %3 & + # -* .#6BB7"
;"
"> 1#2 > $
6 "0 / # $ ) (< 5(< / &
1- $ 2 1 1 #6BB7"
2
6" + ?3#@ ! '*#) 1" *
5KK " "% &" K 9K
<
K 7" "
! " ,
66" & ) # 2 9D9C578:"
& #/ 50 ,
"/ 0 , & 1 % "
3 & + # 6"
, " (< 5(<
6 "- 2 > + % / & 1 #6BB9"
"88? 0 4 5, +
9" 2 - :." +
0 4 # ;"
* " 5KK " %"
69" @# >#? > " '
;" + , + - 6." 3
2 , %
+ 0 ( +
, 2 '
? 6"
, 0 + 1 N
5KK " "% &K K K 9
? & ) -6B7C
6 CK 96 C " "
6BBB." . & ) - 6D785C8 B6"
+
Appendix
Table 5
1
Estimated population = [Kuwaiti population in the previous year x 1027.9/1000 for Kuwaitis (growth rate 2.79%)] + [non Kuwaiti
population in the previous year x 1008.1/1000 for non Kuwaitis (growth rate 0.81% )], [27.9 = 28.5 (natural increase in Kuwaiti popu-
lation per 1000 for the year 2004) – 0.6 (the average decrement in natural increase per 1000 in Kuwaiti population for the period of
1994 - 2004), 8.1 = 8.5 (natural increase per 1000 in non Kuwaiti population for the year 2004) – 0.4 (the average decrement in natu-
ral increase in non Kuwaiti population for the period of 1994 - 2004), Health Kuwait, 2004.
2
Projected total number of physicians needed at a year = Estimated population at that year divided by 541 (population to one physi-
cian ratio which is equivalent to 1.85), 1.85 = the number of physicians per 1000 population for the year 2004 (1.81) + the average
increment in the ratios for the period of 2000 to 2004 (+0.04).
3
Projected number of Kuwaiti physicians at a year = Number of Kuwaiti physicians in the previous year x 104.55/100. The Average
annual growth rate of Kuwaiti physicians of the period 2000 to 2004 = 4.55%, is calculated as {[(1678-1296)/1678] x 100}÷5.
4
Disparity number = Projected total number of physicians needed (column 2) – Projected number of Kuwaiti physicians (column 3).
Disparity % = [Disparity number ÷ Projected number of physicians needed (column 2)] x 100.
Table 6
1,4
As described in Table 5.
2
Projected total number of dentists needed at a year = Estimated population at that year divided by 2915 (population to one dentist
ratio which is equivalent to 0.3431), 0.3431 = the number of dentists per 1000 population for the year 2004 (0.3374) + the average
increment in the ratios for the period of 2000 to 2004 (+0.0057).
3
Projected number of Kuwaiti dentists at a year = Number of Kuwaiti dentists in the previous year x 106.22/100. The Average annual
growth rate of Kuwaiti dentists of the period 1994 to 2004 = 6.22%, is calculated as {[(393-124)/393] x 100}÷11.
Table 7
1,3,4
As described in Table 5.
2
Projected number of physicians needed at a year = Estimated population at a year divided by 357 (population to one physician ratio
in the high income group countries which is equivalent to 2.8 : the average number of physicians per 1000 population in the high
income group countries, World Bank2,3).
Table 8
1,3,4
As described in Table 6.
2
Projected number of dentists needed at a year = Estimated population at a year divided by 2481 (population to one dentist ratio in
the United Kingdom which is equivalent to 0.4030: the average number of dentists per 1000 population in the United Kingdom,
WHO).
4
Workforce needs of Health Professionals in Kuwait
Part II - Nurses
%
& % %#
% % "
% $ ' < & &
& % 56.
& % & # D .
% " %
% % $ # % & &
$ " D9. & % $
& & % % D;. %
% %
% " $ D:. % %
% & D 7. & % %
& #
% %# $ "
7
0 &
# &
% " & # "
& ' & &
% % % &
"
' 3 3 & " ?
+ -3 3+. <
% "
"6 (H
+ ' &
% % %
" ; " ' %
= & # %& % "69
+ & %
% !
$ " + % %
% ":#7
' & & , & +
" 0 - ,+ ."6;
< & 0 &
# % %
"8 = $
% # %
< & & " '
"C 6 ' & &
& % % & # %
# & & & "6:
% ' = 3
" = # & % 0 % / &
% % &
% % +
"66 > 6BC " > 6#
3 % 2 % # / & +
L 0 % % + %
H & # #1 3 3
% # & # % * ' %" '
# % %
# / & ;"67 2 # + %
% " ? #1 3 3
% * , %
% H 2
# & M"B H % % % ; H
6BB;# (H
2 1 #2 &
&6 % % " #
% " & &
& & & %
& 9 , % %
%# $ 0 %# 1 3
% 3 * ' %"
" ' %
1
%
& I6" 6J# & %
6" , !
%
% 6BB; ;
- % 7 3 <' 9."
"1 '
&
% : " %
% "
) / ;"B8 6
& " ) -$ & 6
, 0 % ."
) %# ,
? # "68
' 6
( % ! 6:# 0 % % 6BB;
% 3 & + ; "
/ 3# / # + 3 ' 6
"6#;#:#69#6;#6C #
, & % &
-6BB; ;. & !#
% ! % 6 " ' & %
# % 6
% : " & # ;"97# $ & 9
% & % & " ' & %
% -6" 6J.#
% %
# - "7 J." =% 6
" # < ;
& < " &
&
"= # % !" ## $!%%& '())&
% % 2 ) ...
1
! ! ! !
%
" ) 2
1 : 33( 4# %.4.5 # '% $ $ 5 %# 3 ' .
& 33' 45 . 4$ 3 $ %5 $ %.5 5 &&# (#&
; -,
33# 45 3 (4&# % 3 $'33 5$ 5 (#.
1 % . % <
& % % " 33$ 43 $ 3 4# 5 3 . $ (5 $ 5'3$ (#(
' & % 6 335 %4.%$ 4 .& .& $ (5 ' 5'55 ( %(
6BB; ; ;"97 -' 333 %4 .$ 4 3 ' .' $ $ %5 # 5 &(& &3#
6." ' # $ &
%... %4 5 3 4# # 5 . ( 5 %& 3 %(' ( %%
9 #
%.. %4%$ (43 5 . 3 %3 5'$% 3'. ( 5
" '
%..% %4&# &4&%' 3$ 3 .# ' ..&# ( %'
%&
& % %..& %4(5 (4&&( ..5 3 3& .%. (
9 - %..( %4' %%4(' . $ 3333 . # ( &$
."
6 4) 6 ) ,
' 7 8 %..(4 9 (.4 8 : ; 7 4
%& ! 7 : < = 4< 8 4
&
* + !" , ## $!%%& ()()
# ...
(...
%...
....
5 ... ,
)
# ...
(...
%...
.
33( 33# 335 %... %..% %..( %..# %..5 %. . %. % %. ( %. # %. 5 %.%.
>
1
%
% B6" J
# : B;"9CJ -' 9 =%
% ." ' ;
%" ;# 5
-CB"B7J.# / -;"B8.# $ &
& 6 " 3 % #
6 " ;J " '
& & 6 8C; : 68 ;7
#
" 6 : :# %
' 6 C98 " '
#
& " ' 6 <
-;"97. B "6;J : B:"6J
& " -= % 9."
' 9
% : "
2 5 ;"97#
' &
< %
6668 : 6;CB8
" '
#
65 9
6 :
-$ & ;"97 6
: C98 %
# & %
6" 6J"
." 3 %
%
()
(" !))) # # # # -" 2
. ())1 ()()
) > >
! 1 9 !
... 7 0
! 1
! !
! ! % &
(
?
8 ) J
( &$ %%3 %..(
%..' %4' # 3 4' # $% ..' . #$ 3 ..
7 & .( &%3 %.. @ 8 A
B 9 ( 5 %&3 %.. @ 8 A %..# %4# $ 4# 5 ' &5 33& .&5 5 3 %$
C ( & %(% %.. @ 8 A
D (3& %.& %.. @ 8 A %..$ %4# # # 43 5 # '3# 35 .# ' 3 '(
A %35 &&# %.. @ 8 A %..5 %4$ $ 4(' . 5 ' 3#3 .5 (# 3 5.
< 9 %..3 %4$ # 3 4 .3 %.(. 3'$ .5 & 3 % .'
9 ! %$# &# & %... @ 8 A %. . %45 % 43 3 $ %%$ . 3 (' &%' 3 % &.
7 = ! 3( ' ' %.. @ 8 A
E %$' &# ( %.. @ 8 A %. %45 $ # 4 (' %' .' 3 &( '$ 3%'&
F % (# (.$ 335 @ 8 A %. % %43 & 4' 3 %$ (# 3 %& %.$ . 3%3.
. 33 %.. @ 8A
B 7 $ $& %3 %... @ 8A &
% "
0 / 4 ! HH H? H D + %
())&49 (.4 8 : ; 7 4
! 7 : < = 4< 8 4 & &
% " '
: # %
% " % "
2 # < %
:"7J <# !
"
5 &
& & / -
6 .# & # %
@ & H &
& # % ;"BJ &
" ( " % %
& % %
% %& #
(
* + (" # 2 ## $!%%& ()()
' ...
(...
&...
%...
...
....
3 ...
5 ...
$ ...
# ...
)
' ...
(...
&...
%...
7 !!
...
.
33( 33# 335 %... %..% %..( %..# %..5 %. . %. % %. ( %. # %. 5 %.%.
>
1
* + -" # 2 ## 7 +
5# # $!%%& ()()
# ...
(...
%...
....
5 ...
# ...
)
(...
%... 7 !!
.
33( 33# 335 %... %..% %..( %..# %..5 %. . %. % %. ( %. # %. 5 %.%.
>
1
((
&" 2 % %
7 + 5# # $ ())1
()() # %
& < &
9
> >
! #
1 5
! ! (
% &
• * %
) J %
%..' %4' # 3 4' # %$ 5 ( ..' $$3 3% ( % $
%..# %4# $ 4# 5 ' &.%& 33& %.&. 3 % &5 % ! "
%..$ %4# # # 43 5 # &%# 3 35 %%5 5 3%# •
%..5 %4$ $ 4(' . &' %. 3#3 %' ' 3%5& &
%..3 %4$ # 3 4 .3 &$ $ $ 3'$ %5 %. 3 & .'
%. . %45 % 43 3 $ (.(. 3 (' &.3 ' 3 & %$ & "+ %
%. %45 $ # 4 (' (&.3 3 &( &&$ ' 3 & ($
%. % %43 & 4' 3 (' 5 ' 3 %& &# # % 3&#$ %&
%. & %43 5 5 4&# 3 (5 # 5 3 &3 ' $ 3&5$
%. ( &4.(# 4' ' ' '$ 3 .. (%' $ 3 ( .# "
%. ' &4 .# 4.# 3 ' (' & 53. (' # & 3 ( %(
• '
%. # &4 # $ 4.# 3 '$'$ 5$3 (5 $ 5 3 ( (%
%. $ &4%%3 4' ' ' # .# $ 5#5 ' 33 3(#.
%&
%. 5 &4%3 &4' # $ # &5 # 5'5 ' ' %5 3($#
& % %
%. 3 &4&' 3 4 ' . #$ & 5 ($ '5## 3(3&
& &
%.%. &4(%# 4&($ $ .(# 5 &$ # %.3 3 ' .3 # & #
% %
4%4&4( = !! " *! %# - "
• ' #
# % * 0 % 1
5 & 3
& < & % %
" % %
&
%
' % &
" '
-B" J.# < " ! % % &
' % %
% % " "
( %% % = !
% <
(,
@ )#4 #2 #?
)" & & 1
6" 3 3 &
/ '
+ -3 3+." -,0 -& -
"?
2 "88%'"88? -,0 -& 2 "88? %
+ & ?
@ "88?
= #( (0# 6"
5KK " " "% &" K K K
5KK " " K K K
O 9;" "
O"
" (H2 1 )#2 3#, @#
6 " (H2 1 )#' ,#3 +#
' @#) @ >#
2 " - 6." '
) "= %
% 5'
? + " .-
N, E
: 6D99-6.56 B"
6D;-9.5; : "
9" (H+ "2 0 / # '
66" & '# # ">
$ $ : 0 , ) '
5 % %
5 2 "1
0 1
0 ,
& ", E 6BBBD9; ; "
(H+ # 3 & 0
" 9" 6 " (H2 1 )#2 3#
& "' $ %
;" 3 3 &
" >#P " -* ".#
+ -3 3+." -
: $ $ & "'
: $0 / '- @ 0 /'
(05 "2" + " -9B6
# $ "88 '"88? -,0 -& 2 '
; B.#6BB;"
"88? "" 3 % ;"
5KK " " "% &" K K K 69" / % 3 & +
& O ; " " P %0 %
3 & + " $
B + 0 %3 & + "
- & G $: $
@ @ 1& $E
- & .
0 / & : 5
- "88"' 1& '
& : $-
$ /'
+ # " 5KK " "% " K
:, "
% K K( 0 %1 " "
5KK " & " "% &" K
F ? #*" - # # 3+K & " "
# 5 2 $ :
6;" / %0 %
& "( (05+ 0
3 & - 0 3+." $
3 #6BB8"
< 3 $/
8" ? -, & @#' $ / 3 3
)" 1 & % ." : 6) ' / $"
2 - 5KK & " "% &" K K
0 / 1 5 < "1,="
& : ?
6:" , +3#0 *# "
+ 0 %3 &
* # 9"
+ #( #(0# "
5KK " " " "
C" 3 )#+ # ,# >#
67" + # #=
2 ?#+ #@ & 1#
3 #
>#? 3# >" 0 H
5KK " " " K3)) *,"
& ",
- 6D -9.5;9 :9" 68" ", #;
" 5 #
B" 2 3#(H 2 1 )#3
,
% #2 >#2
? # 9"
?#+ # & , ,# #
('
6C" 3 = #+ # $' #
+ * 2 $2 $ 2 $
-3= + *." -5 & + : - ' , : "
& $ : $ 5KK " " %K K " "
(+
Appendix
Table 3
1
Estimated population = [Kuwaiti population in the previous year x 1027.9/1000 for Kuwaitis (growth rate 2.79%)] + [non Kuwaiti
population in the previous year x 1008.1/1000 for non Kuwaitis (growth rate 0.804% )], [27.9 = 28.5 (natural increase in Kuwaiti
population per 1000 for the year 2004) – 0.6 (the average decrement in natural increase per 1000 in Kuwaiti population for the period
of 1994 - 2004), 8.1 = 8.5 (natural increase per 1000 in non Kuwaiti population for the year 2004) – 0.4 (the average decrement in
natural increase in non Kuwaiti population for the period of 1994 - 2004), Health Kuwait, 2004.
2
Projected total number of nurses needed at a year = Estimated population at that year divided by 230 (population to one nurse ratio
which is equivalent to 4.36: the average number of nurses per 1000 population for the period of 1994 to 2004).
3
Projected number of Kuwaiti nurses at a year = Number of Kuwaiti nurses in the previous year x 98.79/100. The Average annual
growth rate of Kuwaiti nurses of the period 1994 to 2004 = -1.21%, is calculated as {[(1017-1152)/1017] x 100}÷11.
4
Disparity number = Projected total number of nurses needed (column 2) – Projected number of Kuwaiti nurses (column 3). Disparity
% = [Disparity number ÷ Projected number of nurses needed (column 2)] x 100.
Table 4
1,3,4
As described in Table 3.
2
Projected number of nurses needed at a year = Estimated population at a year divided by 201 (population to one nurse ratio in the
United Kingdom which is equivalent to 4.97: the average number of nurses per 1000 population in the United Kingdom, WHO).
(4
Workforce needs of Health Professionals in Kuwait
= 8% )+1&
" ))) .0
! 4&1 /
" & ''3
" " %
% !
$ %
())) ())+* % <
( ! ())+! %
% 1 '3!
())4 ()() # %
"-
#
"
())) ())+
$ 8%
())4 ()() "5 %
()() $
" %
())) ())+! ! >
!
4 , .0 !% 8
)4(, " ))) / !
% ?
%
= %
& %
%
% # ": 7
#
% % %
& "6 9 & "8 B
"
'
* # % # #
& & %
% %
"
%
+ #% &
%
&
"; '
"
& &
' & %&
"
& "
(7
' %
% & &
" '
% "6
1 %
% /" " "
6B7# " ? & % %
1 <
% # %
& % % % # % &
% & " '
% $ %
" % "
% / -& 7 J.
# " Q
& #
BJ
%% " ? # %# " '
% % %
/ < $
% # < & % # $ %
# % <
# %
# < Q # <
& % % # & %
%" % #
+ $ % / % %
% & % " ? # /
% &
# 2
& %# , 1 -1 ,. %
% % %
% < %
%# % % < " ' & #
# $
"
' % & # % #
& % %
"66
" # &
' % -:8"BJ.#
% %
< % ; "6J % :" &
% # #C";J #
%# % % 9 " J %
% $ " (& #
" 6C";J
1 %
:"
& % Q 1 &
" 3 #
(1
& % %
"6 6; "
1 7
+ = 6BB7#
= 1 / & : % < & %
% & % "
% 9: '
" ' & %
= 9: 6#769#
6BB8" '
& 8 $ & "7 965 & %
: :" ' % 6
> "6: :#-' 6 ."
'
%&
6" , ! %
% & B";;J#
:" & % %
% :
" 1
- % 9:" 3 <# ' 9." '
#
%
7 "
& %
% "
)
& " ) / % ":CB6
, 6 -$ &
? # 6;# 67BC ."
, ) % 1 &
# 1 %# 1
3 +& -13+ ."
' 6
( % ! 6 # 1
% 3 & + / 67# % :" '
/ 366# + "6 6
,
: & %
! Q & & !#
% 6 "
#
' & % 6
7
:
" 0 # % & %
"7 96 - $ &
&
6#769 ." ' & %
%
#
B";;J C" 7J "
"
=% 6
+ % <
"
&
%
"+ %
% %
(&
#
" BC 7
' 6 6# : " '
#
& " '
6 C "78J 7 ;8"C8J -= % 9."
- ":8;;. /
- ":CB6.# %
@ < G "
'
' 9 & < %
% 7 " '
" '
6#7 9 6#769 -$ &
7 #6 ; # "7 96 6 5
BC 7 6# 8 (" !))) # # # #
# .
% B";J"
! 1
...
! !
! !
?
& C6"7;J 7
: ";8J -' 9 =% ." . ' $ (( 4$ ( %..'
7 . %&$ ( (4% % %..
' ;
B 9 . &$ $ % %4# ' %..
5
C .% $ (4(.# %..
/ - ":CB6.#
D .53'5 4 # %..
$ & 67BC
" 3 % # A . %% . (4' %' %..
6:; < 9
7 6C # 9 ! . # 5 .. 4($ %...
7 = ! . ' %%& 43 ' %..
E .3'33 4.(% %..
!" ## # $())) '())1
F . %(3 5 4..# 335
2 9 !
1 ... ! !
! ! !
7 . # ..( 4# # # %...
) 2 7 G . # %.( 4# % %...
%... %4 5 3 4# # 5 5 # .$ $ %' . && . (3 %3 %4.%3 %..%
) . 3#3 ' 4.$ 3 %..
%.. %4%$ (43 5 . $ $$$ 53( . &3 &.
C ((# 3 #3 335
%..% %4&# &4&%' ## $3' 3# . (.# #
+ . &' 35$ %..
%..& %4(5 (4&&( %.& 53& .3 # . (( %
? .'$3 4$ %$ %..
%..( %4' %%4(' %(& 3 .5 ' . (' # &
F .3 ' ( 3 & %..
%..' %4' # 3 4' # %$ % %.( ($ # . ' $ ((
= + . .$ .' (4 5 ( %..
6 4) 6 ) ,
7 B .'53 4# 3 5 33&
- ! < L 4< 8 * ! E ! $ 3 '5( %...
-
.$% % 4&5 $ %..
-2 D = ! *E M7 ! %..' -4 ! 7
: < = 48 : ; 7 4< 8 .$3#5 4%' ' %...
* %..' - B 7 .#55 4(' & %...
-+ D = ! *A M %..(-4 !
7 : < = 48 : ; 7 4< 7
8 * %..( - - @ 8 A 4 ! HH H? H D
-8 9 (.4 &3 4 &5 4 &$ 4 ! 7 : < , - 2 D = ! *E ,7 ! %..' -4 ! 7 ,
= 48 : ; 7 4< 8 * : < = 48 : ; 7 4<
%... %..&- 8 * 4 %..' -
,)
* + !" , # ## $())) ()()
# ..
(..
%..
...
) ,
5 ..
)
# ..
(..
%..
.
%... %..% %..( %..# %..5 %. . %. % %. ( %. # %. 5 %.%.
>
1
%...
5 ..
# ..
(..
%..
...
)
5 ..
# ..
(..
7 !!
%..
.
%... %..% %..( %..# %..5 %. . %. % %. ( %. # %. 5 %.%.
>
1
,
-" 2 # &" 2 #
())3 ()() 7 + # 5# # $
())3 ()()
) J ) J
%..# %4# $ 4# 5 ' # %& %3 5 &%' 5 #( %..# %4# $ 4# 5 ' ' (% %3 5 %(( 5.#$
%..$ %4# # # 43 5 # #'& &%# &%$ 5 . %5 %..$ %4# # # 43 5 # '$ &%# %(' $ 3 %'
%..5 %4$ $ 4(' . #5' &' # &%3 $5 5$ %..5 %4$ $ 4(' . # .. &' # %(( $$ $'
%..3 %4$ # 3 4 .3 $ $ &3 . &%$ $ $ %3 %..3 %4$ # 3 4 .3 #& &3 . %( $ # .3
%. . %45 % 43 3 $ $'. (%$ &%& $' #. %. . %45 % 43 3 $ ##% (%$ %&' $(&
%. %45 $ # 4 (' $5& (# $ & # $&5 %. %45 $ # 4 (' #3( (# $ %%$ $ % (&
%. % %43 & 4' 3 5 $ ' &(% $ % (% %. % %43 & 4' 3 $ %# ' % ' $ . &3
%. & %43 5 5 4&# 3 5'& '#. &%3 $ . &' %. & %43 5 5 4&# 3 $#. '#. %.. #5 5
%. ( &4.(# 4' ' 553 # % & ( # 5 %% %. ( &4.(# 4' ' $3( # % 5% #' 53
%. ' &4 .# 4.# 3 3 %# #$. %3 & #' 5$ %. ' &4 .# 4.# 3 5 %3 #$. '3 # & &$
%. # &4 # $ 4.# 3 3#& $ && %&. #%## %. # &4 # $ 4.# 3 5#' $ && &% #.$.
%. $ &4%%3 4' ' ' %..% 5 .& 33 '3 53 %. $ &4%%3 4' ' ' 3 .% 5 .& .3 3 '$ $5
1,2,3,4 1,2,3,4
Refer to appendix (page 35) for the formula used in Refer to appendix (page 35) for the formula used in
calculation calculation
& %
:." <# !
3
% &
7
& # %
@ & Q
" 2 # &
< & ;B":9J & "
" %
5
& & / - % #
67BC . < "
;8"C8J
"
'
+ %
& & # -6C";J. -89":J.
" 1 % #
% <
" % -' 6# :." '
,(
* + -" # 2 ## # 7 +
# 5# # $())) ()()
%(..
%%..
%...
5 ..
# ..
(..
%..
)
...
5 ..
# ..
(..
7 !!
%..
.
%... %..% %..( %..# %..5 %. . %. % %. ( %. # %. 5 %.%.
>
1
/ & 0 * #
% % *
:# % % 69"6J < %
6C";J" ( %% % "
• + %
# % # %&
< "
" ' ' % #
% &
# % &
% < % "
$ " • '
@& % H %&
& %
% % &
# & #
% # & # %
% & "
< & #
• & <
%
5
& % #
• ' 1
% &
"68
% $
% & &
"'
% # %&
= 1 #
,,
",
" ' 2 , )
& . 6BB8D -6.56 6;"
% % B" ?2# ( +" $
, 1 # # / , & 1
$ +
" # % 2 2 % 5(
% % / & 1 #6BB:"
! "
6 "= +# & )#? ?
K 8# 0 ", ,
2 #
6" ( % ! 5 # : # #
R 5KK " " K K K KS 0 + 1 ? 0 #
, 2 "888 , 1 ( ;"
$# @ &# " 66" / ,
" + #4 " / $ & # ? &
+ 5* *% 1 % 3 2
) # " 1 # # 0 /
- )
9" ? ?# #) & +" 3
# #/ , "
% + "
R 5KK " "% " K K 6 ", +3#0 *# - 9."
% K K K B7 C " S * "
- 2 $ # 5KK " " "
<, 2 ) & 69" 2 - :." +
E #6BB7" * " 5KK " %
;" = 1" , & + 0 6;" ", #;
A 5, 1 #6BBB" " 5 " #
:" !># '" ? % ,
5 % ? # ;"
", # # $ 6:" + #
6BBCD69-;.59;: :C" / & "5 #
7" 4 1#, 1 ! ?# 2#3 , /"88BA"887"
(" " / & 1 # :# " 67"
, 2 , ;# 569" 67" ' 0 1 "# 5
' & 5 < $ :, # -
5KK " $
" K K K6K69 : , ) 5
8" 0 )" , #/ #
% "
< & (*+, " 68" 3 3 5'
. , , %5
- D -9.5 B 9 8" " 0 6D9- .56 C"
C" 3 ?)"
, ! 5
,'
Appendix
Table 3
1
Estimated population = [Kuwaiti population in the previous year X 1027.9/1000 for Kuwaitis (growth rate 2.79%)] + [non Kuwaiti
population in the previous year X 1008.1/1000 for non Kuwaitis (growth rate 0.804% )], [27.9 = 28.5 (natural increase in Kuwaiti popu-
lation per 1000 for the year 2004) – 0.6 (the average decrement in natural increase per 1000 in Kuwaiti population for the period of
1994 - 2004), 8.1 = 8.5 (natural increase per 1000 in non Kuwaiti population for the year 2004) – 0.4 (the average decrement in natu-
ral increase in non Kuwaiti population for the period of 1994 - 2004), Health Kuwait, 2004.
2
Projected total number of pharmacists needed at a year = Estimated population at that year divided by 1613 (population to one phar-
macist ratio which is equivalent to 0.6231: the average number of pharmacists per 1000 population for the period of 2000 to 2005).
3
Projected number of Kuwaiti pharmacists at a year = Number of Kuwaiti pharmacists in the previous year X 109.44/100 (Average
annual growth rate of Kuwaiti pharmacists of the period 2000 to 2005 = 9.44%, calculated as {[(272-118) / 272] x 100 2} ÷ 6.
4
Disparity number = Projected total number of pharmacists needed (column 2) – Projected number of Kuwaiti pharmacists (column
3). Disparity % = [Disparity number ÷ Projected number of pharmacists needed (column 2)] X 100.
Table 4
1,3,4
As described in Table 3.
2
Projected number of pharmacists demanded at a year = Estimated population at a year divided by 1698 (population to one pharma-
cist ratio in UK which is equivalent to 0.5891: the average number of pharmacists per 1000 population in UK, WHO).
,+
Workforce needs of health professionals in Kuwait
3 1
3 -3 1 . " =
& #
& "' % $
& % "
$ "6 ' ' %
3 1
% 3 1 &
% " ' &
% % %"9 3 1
,4
! & %
" ( # %
# % % # " 0 &
% & "' # % %
0 & -0 . %
& * % # & : # " &
% ' #
& # % % 0
% # "' #
& # # & # # #
%% # % # ! %
% "7
" & # 3 % 3 1
,7
# # ) 3
# % # 1 " & # =
% % # 3 # / &
# % # % & %
% 3 % ) % %
"66 1 % " #
# & % * &
% % %
# = 3 5? % ' %#,
# / & # ' % # 2 % # 0
+ % #1 3 ' % #
3 * # 2 # 1 % #,
% 0 #) #
% * " = & % #(
& 1 # ( ' "69
% 3 1 "
' = 3
6" , ! 3 1
% 6 :"
+ 6BC #
" 1 3 1
= " '
3 1
= 3 %&
% 7 "
% #
% ! %
)
% " ' 3 1 & " )
% ,
& % ? # 6;#
& % , ) %#
" & # # 1 %# 1
3 +& -13+ ."
& %
% < " ( % ! 6:# 3
' @ & %2 1 % 3 &
* + 9#67 / ;#/ 38
3 "6 #66
% % , 3 1
) # 6 :
3 # 1 ' # ! #
? % "' = 3 3 1
< 6: 7 " 1
%"6 > 7
6BC:# / & + & & :
% % % % < & %
- ) # % "
3 # 1 ' 3 1 %&
' # ? % . & %
" # 9:C#
+ % 1 3 1
3 3 * % $ & "8B B5 3 1 6
% ? #
: - ":B66.5 3 1 & &
& % % 6 :" '
6 : - "6BBC." 3 1 6
' 3 1 & %
%& 3 1 & &
% 3 1 !# %
& C"C J# 6 " ' & % %
& % % 3 1 3 1 C"C J
% 6 : 7"87 "
- % ;;# 3 <# ' ." ' :#
3 1 -C8"BJ."
3 1 & & # C"9J 3 1
% % # BCJ 3 1 %
" " (& #
3 1 3 1 ;C" J 3 1
3 # < :"
&
(" 2 #
3 1"' 3 8"9 ())3 ()()
3 1 6
>
$ & 3 1 698 > !
- % ;;#3 <#' 9." 9
1
! !
% ! ! (
&
' 6
) J
!" ## # $())! ' %..$ %4# # # 43 5 # $ (' . &$ 3 # &# ' ( (3 .'
())1
%..5 %4$ $ 4(' . $'3 ( & &(# . (' ' 5
1 2
%..3 %4$ # 3 4 .3 $ $ &' ((3 # &%&3 ( 5$
! ! ! ... ! !
%. . %45 % 43 3 $ $55& (5 3 % %3 3 &$ 3 (
) 2
%.. %4%$ (43 5 . $3% %%5 ' (.$ $ $3% %. %45 $ # 4 (' 5 .&( ' &%( %$ . && $ &
%..% %4&# &4&%' %.# 3 %&' ((%. 5 $ .% %. % %43 & 4' 3 5 53 '$3& %' ' ( &. # .
%..& %4(5 (4&&( %%5 ( %# % (3 .' 3 $ (( %. & %43 5 5 4&# 3 5 &($ # &.( %%.# %' 3 %
%..( %4' %%4(' %3 3 % & '% # (( % (&' $ %. ( &4.(# 4' ' 5' . #5#. 5 # %. 3 &
%..' %4' # 3 4' # &%.# &(' % ##'5 %'3 %. ' &4 .# 4.# 3 5#$# $ (# ' &5 % ' #%
6 4) 6 ) ,
7 %. # &4 # $ 4.# 3 5 5 ($ 5 %( $ %& 5 $
- ! < L 4< 8 * !
- %. $ &4%%3 4' ' ' 3 .% 5 5 (. 5 %.
-2 D = ! *E M7 ! %..' -4 ! 7 :
< = 48 : ; 7 4< 8 * %. 5 &4%3 &4' # $ 3 %.. 3 # %. ,(%. ,( ' $
%..' -
-+ D = ! *A M %..(-4 ! %. 3 &4&' 3 4 ' . 3 &5 & .(# 3 , .5 # , '$
7 : < = 48 : ; 7 4<
8 * %..( - %.%. &4(%# 4&($ 3'$ &3 % , 5% , 3 .&
-8 9 (.4 &3 4 &5 4 ! 7 : <
= 48 : ; 7 4< 8 * 4 %4 &4 ( = !! " * ((-
%.. %..&-
* + !" # 2 ## # $())! ()()
%...
....
5 ...
# ...
)
(...
7 !!
%...
.
%.. %..& %..' %..$ %..3 %. %. & %. ' %. $ %. 3
>
1
* + (" # 2 ## #
# 5# # $())! ()()
&....
%' ...
%....
' ...
)
....
' ... 7 !!
.
%.. %..& %..' %..$ %..3 %. %. & %. ' %. $ %. 3
>
1
-" 2 # 6B6 8 7
# 5# # : 6 "
$ ())3 ()()
3 1 % C6"8;J
>
> ! 7 :;";:J -= % ."
9 ' %
1 3 1 3
! !
% ! ! (
&
) J & &
< " '
%..# %4# $ 4# 5 ' 3 .$ &(5 3 '# 5 5 $(
-= 3
%..$ %4# # # 43 5 # 3 (# $ &$ 3 # '#$ 5.'. # + % #
1 3 3 * .
%..5 %4$ $ 4(' . 3 5 &' ( & ' $ .( $3 $ & % %
%..3 %4$ # 3 4 .3 %.% % ((3 # '$ # $$ $# % "
%
%. . %45 % 43 3 $ %.' 3 3 (5 3 % ' $ .$ $ # %' % %" ' %
%. %45 $ # 4 (' %.3 3 ( ' &%( '#$. $(#(
* & %
%
%. % %43 & 4' 3 % &3 5 '$3& # .%. $ & (( % " #
& &
%. & %43 5 5 4&# 3 % 5 & # &.( ' 3 && $ #'
2 %
9 ! ! 6 N ! ! ! " .%$ 3 H ... * % $ 3 J-O P N ! ! ! ,
" ..5 H ... * . 5 .(J -O4 N%$ 3 6 %5 ' * ! ! ! ... %..(- M . #
* ! ... ! ! ! 3 3 ( , %..(-4 5 6 5 ' * ! ...
! ! %..(- M . ( * ! ! ! 3 3 ( , %..(-4 8
4 %..(
% > 8 6 9 ! ! &' 5 *! ! 8
I % $ 3 .3 8 ... ! ! %..' *% ' 3 - P ! %.. %..' *. 3 3 5 -
( ! 6 > ! * %- M > ! ,
* &- ! J6 N ! S > ! * %-O " ..
2 &
4&4( 2 %
% > ! 6 9 ! ! &$ *! !
! I $ & ! ! ... ! ! 4@ 8 A -