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OLIVIER ARIFON
Mondialisation
Enjeux globaux : sociaux, culturels, sociaux
Société de l’information : Web 2.0 & réseaux
sociaux
Le lobbying est une des dimensions de l’IE
Presque toutes les organisations produisent des
lois et des normes
“Rescaling states” : nouveaux espaces et nouvelles
formes d’actions pour les acteurs
Poids accru du Parlement Européen suite au
Traité de Lisbonne
Chapitre 1 : Influence
Trois dimensions de l’influence
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Caractéristiques :
¡ Persuasion, crédit, prestige
???
Chapitre 2 : Lobbying
2.1 – Comparaison entre marketing & lobbying
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Marketing Lobbying
Perspective de la
communication
Y compris l’intelligence économique
Lobbying
Perspective du droit
et des affaires
Perspective des
sciences politiques
Trois perceptions du lobbying
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EU / USA
Entreprises, politiques,
« haut niveau » de
complexité
Lobbying
EU, national, National, local, grand
toutes organisations public
Faire pencher la balance, Empêcher le tram 71 ou
les lois et normes, gagner influencer pour aller à cet
l’opinion publique endroit
Définition(s)
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Advocacy :
¡ = Un processus politique dirigé par un individu ou un groupe,
qui vise à influencer les politiques publiques et les décisions
concernant l’allocation des ressources à l’intérieur des
systèmes et institutions politiques, économiques et sociales
¡ = Supporter ou recommander publiquement; plaider pour ou
parler en faveur d’une cause (Wikipédia)
Advocacy vs. Lobbying BA
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Advocacy is:
¡ political process by an individual or group, which aims to
influence public-policy and resource allocation decisions
within political, economic, and social systems and
institutions.
¡ to support or recommend publicly; plead for or speak in
favor of one cause.
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Un forum
Un jeu à parties prenantes multiples
Une procédure
Un confrontation de valeurs
A la recherche d’un compromis
Le travail des représentants des parlementaires?
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¡ Relais
4 – Savoir-faire des lobbyistes
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Exemples :
¡ Fédération de professionnels : managers
¡ Interview
¡ Infomercial
¡ Structure
The beginning of your Position Paper should state the
following items: Committee, Country, Issue
¡ Try to answer the following questions when you write this part
of your statement:
¡ Why is this issue relevant? What is the scope of the problem?
Options could be: naming statistics, mentioning the major
players or the current developments concerning the issue
under discussion. It is also very typical to make reference to the
UN actions that have already been taken in this respect.
¡ Which resolutions have been passed so far? Which conferences
have been held?
¡ What is planned for the future?
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¡ In the second part, you should specify the official position of
the country /organization you represent in respect to the
issue that is going to be debated in the Committee.
¡ What is your country’s / organization’s policy on the topic?
Why? What issues in this area are particularly relevant to the
country / organization you represent? What action has your
country / organization already taken?
¡ What are the possible solutions to the problems in this area?
What is the type of resolution your country / organization
tries to accomplish?
¡ A final remark
¡ An important thing to remember when you write your policy
statement is that you represent the position of your
country / organization in the Committee. Therefore, you
should not speak in first person (“I”).
C - White paper
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¡ leslivresblancs.fr/
¡ EU version :
¡ A venir
D – Web uses
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¡ Blogs
¡ Online petitions
¡ Petitiononline.com
¡ mesopinions.com
¡ Aavaz.org
Advertisement,
¡ display,
¡ Events,
¡ Mai 2013 Ajout Fabrique p248 : colloque sur invitation ex efsa juin 2012 60%
toxicologues et responsables agences de sécurité sanitaire, membres de l’efsa,
40% d’experts, 50% scientifiques de sociétés privées, 50 chercheurs d’universités.
Une minorité spécialistes du sujet. R = un communiqué en faveur de l’industrie.
¡ Production d’ignorance = 1 peser sur les instances d’évaluation des risques
sanitaires et environnementaux. Doute pour ne rien faire
¡ 2 = coloniser nos conversations : vers les médias de masse et en ligne,
argumentaires de type scientifiques, étude complaisante, pseudo experts,
¡ destruction de connaissances.
¡ In India?
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Criterias:
¡ A permanent body
In 2003, the Control Arms Campaign was launched and has since
gathered support for the Arms Trade Treaty from over a million people
worldwide.
In December 2006, 153 governments finally voted at the United Nations
to start work on developing a global Arms Trade Treaty. Momentum for
the treaty has been building ever since.
In 2009 the UN General Assembly launched a time frame for the
negotiation of the Arms Trade Treaty. This included one preparatory
meeting in 2010 and two in 2011, before the final negotiating
conference scheduled for July 2012”. The purpose of this campaign is to
convince the UN members, first of the necessity to regulate arms trade,
then to vote for an Arms Trade Treaty (ATT).
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A multidimensional case:
A strong goal: UN level, with law implantation and vote procedures
155 affiliated NGO’s in 132 countries in a network coordinated by Amnesty
international
A high activity, during the entire year, by collecting data’s, by communication
campaign, with a peak during each UN general assembly
A sensitive subject: arms regulation would have positive impacts on children,
civilians and women
A multilevel audience such as medical Professionals, global Investors, survivors
of armed violence, women, religious leaders and organizations, and
parliamentarians, as well as general public.
Case
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The purpose is to mobilize media, to gain positive acceptance in opinion, and to
convince the public sphere, in order to put pressure on politicians, civil servants
and heads of governments engaged in the issue.
Combination between public pressure and high level contacts
BUT
¡ HR are always at the end of priorities of States
¡ To target advocacy : 1 or 2 messages to challenge
¡ NGO, sometimes on principles, sometimes lacking of concrete
¡ Biding strategy: a link between trade and HR
Instruments
¡ Annual resolution
¡ Resolution
¡ Sub committee on HR
¡ Summit (Asem)
6 – Where are elaborated laws?
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6.1 – At EU level
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Insitutional triangle:
European commission
European Council
European Parliament
6.1 – At EU level
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Professional:
¡ www.aalep.eu
¡ European publics affairs consultancies association - www.epaca.org/
¡ Society of European Affairs professionnals – www.seap.org
politics politics
Costs
Client politics Majoritarian
politics
Dispersed
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