01 - Grilles & Diffusers

Mixed Air Distribution Systems
Dennis Sikkema
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® Price Industries, Incorporated 2018
Presenter
Dennis Sikkema
Director of Technical Sales and Training - Atlanta, Georgia
– He has been with Price Industries for 19 years.
Previous to that he was with Tuttle & Bailey for 12
years as an Application Engineer, Product Manger,
and a Regional Sales Manager. Also, he was an
Application Engineer for Johnson Controls for six
years. Dennis has a BSME from Western Michigan
University.
– Dennis is a full member of ASHRAE and has been
involved in the development of ASHRAE test standard
130, the AHRI 880 certification program and the AHRI
885 sound program.
Course Description
• Mixed Air Distribution Systems using Grilles, Registers

and Diffusers continue to be the most common air
distribution system. In one form or another Mixed Air has
been around for nearly 100 years.
• Understanding how the system functions is key to
providing an air distribution system that has the correct
occupied zone conditions that is satisfactory to the
majority of the occupants.
• The Mixed Air Distribution Systems session will review the
applicable ASHRAE standard, sound, air patterns along
with the most common Price products.
Learning Objectives
• By the end of this lecture you will:

– Understand how performance data is generated and
how to use the for product selection.
– How Noise Criterion data is calculated and to use that
as a guide for acceptable sound levels.
– Properly select and layout an Air Distribution System
using the device throw data and mapping.
– Understand the Price common Air Distribution
Products
Agenda
1. Air Distribution Basics

2. Sound
3. Throw
4. Products
Air Distribution Basics
• Goal
– Deliver conditioned air to the room
– Provide comfort
– Provide architectural appeal
– Provide IAQ
– Impart momentum
– Give air direction
• How Mixing Systems work
L L
• Lab testing
– ASHRAE Standard 70
• Defines test procedures
• Replaces ADC Standards
• Note in all catalogue
performance data
• Isothermal Testing
• Non-turbulent, smooth inlet
conditions
• Price Custom Flow

– Throw Correction factors
• Due to buoyancy of air
• Horizontal throw
– Cooling – Decrease 50 FPM throw
by 1% per °F of differential
– Heating – Increase 50 FPM throw
by 1% per °F of differential
» *Be careful with heated air and
no ceiling
• Vertical throw
– Cooling – Increase 50 FPM throw by 1% per °F of differential
– Heating – Decrease 50 FPM throw by 1% per °F of differential
Throw
• Grille vs. Register

– Covering for any area through which air passes
– A register also has a damper or control valve
• Grilles & Registers

– Nominal grille size = Wall or duct opening
– Core Area (Ac) = Open area of core (does not take into
account free area)
– Velocity calculation based on Ac and airflow
• Grille and Register

Performance
– Typically directly ducted
(no plenum) CORE
NOMINAL DUCT
• Diffuser
– Outlet discharging supply air in
various directions and planes
– Typically more complex
– Performance varies more
between models
• Diffusers
– Overall diffuser size and neck size both need to be
specified
– Correct ceiling type
Sound
Sound
• Sound
– NC Rating
– Average Room Size
– Distance from source
– Assumes 10dB Room
Absorption
– Single Diffuser or
standard length
Sound
Grilles and Diffusers
Sound
• Diffuser sound comparison – 24x24, 380cfm,

700fpm Neck Velocity ( Square to Round
Transitions)
– Square Cone ………………………NC 17
– Square Plaque …………………….NC 18
– Round Cone ………………............NC 22
– Modular Core ……………………...NC 26
– Perforated Curved Vane ………....NC 28
– Louvered Face …………………….NC 31
– Perforated Face Deflector …….…NC 33
– Perforated Neck Deflector ……….NC 37
Throw
Throw
• What is throw?
– Distance airstream is projected
from the outlet face
– Is based on specified terminal
velocity, typically:
• 150fpm (0.75m/s)
• 100fpm (0.5m/s)
• 50fpm (0.25m/s)
– Affected by
• Surfaces
• Supply air temperature
• Air volume
• Outlet velocity
Throw
Throw
• Different diffusers have different airflow patterns

Throw
• Diffuser throw comparison – 24x24, 380cfm, 700fpm Neck

Velocity
– Square Cone (SCD)……………………....10ft
– Square Plaque (SPD)………………….….10ft
– Round Cone (RCD)………………..............9ft
– Perforated Curved Vane (PDC) 4-way …14ft
– Perforated Curved Vane (PDC) 1-way …33ft
– Louvered Face (SMD) 4-way……………..24ft
– Louvered Face (SMD) 1-way……………..36ft
Price Custom Flow
• Spread in Grilles
Throw
• How to selecting throw

for comfort?
• Most commonly - 50 fpm
mapping
• Throw to 50fpm = A + B 6 feet
75
fpm 50 fpm
• ADPI
– Based on draft temperature
– Cooling only
– 9ft Ceilings
– Combined effect of temperature and velocity
𝐷𝑇 = 𝑇 − 𝑇𝐶 − 0.07 𝑉 − 30
𝑇 = 𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 (𝐹°)

𝑇𝐶 = 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙 𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 (𝐹°)
𝑉 = 𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑓𝑝𝑚)
Products
Products
• Custom Flow Architectural Linear

– High Capacity, Long Throws, Low
NC
– Aesthetically Pleasing, Integrates
and Blends with Construction
– Custom Shapes with Curved
Sections, Full Circles, Convex and
Concave Shapes
– Special Finishes to Match Interior
Design Schemes
– Ideal for Large Spaces, High
Ceilings, and Atria
Products
• Adjusta Slot
– 1 or 2 Sliding Pattern Controllers
– Strong Horizontal Pattern
– 1 or 2 slots
– 1” to 3” Slots
– Extruded Aluminum Frames with
Steel Pattern Controllers
Products
• Jet Slot
– 2 or 4 Sliding Pattern
Controllers
– Primarily Vertical
– Strong Throws using Nozzle
Effect
– 1 or 2 slots
– 1” to 3” Slots
– Extruded Aluminum Frames
with Steel Pattern Controllers
Products
• Dual and Single Pattern controller options

Products
• Endcaps
Grilles and Diffusers
Products
• Mitered Corners
Products
• Curved Sections
– Concave
– Convex
– Flat Face
– Pattern Controllers Radiused
for Adjustability
– Curved Plenums
Products
Products
Price Custom Flow
• ASP/JSP Plenums
– Recommended for Performance
– Type 1 – T-bar mounting
Price Custom Flow
• Adjusta Slot Modular ASM

– 4 sided slot diffuser
– 1, 2, 3 or 4 way throws
– 24” x 24” Ceiling
Systems
– Backpan
– 6”, 8” or 10” Inlets
Price Custom Flow
Price Custom Flow
Products
• SDS Diffusers
– Architecturally Pleasing Lines for
Visual Appeal
– Blends into Ceilings and Interiors
– Well Suited for Continuous Runs
– Extruded Aluminum Frame and
Blades
– Strong, Stable Air Pattern with 180°
Adjustment – “Ice Tong Blades”
– Excellent for VAV Applications
Products
• Four Slot Widths

– SDS-50 1/2” Slot
– SDS-75 3/4” Slot
– SDS-100 1” Slot
– SDS-150 1.5” Slot
• Up to 10 Slots Available
• T-Bar Assemblies
• Anodizing and Custom
Finishes available
Products
• Pattern Controllers
Products
• SDSC Supply or SDRC Return

• Three Slot Widths
– 50 1/2” Slot
– 75 3/4” Slot
– 100 1” Slot
• 1 or 2 Slots Available
• Curved Plenums
• Anodizing and Custom Finishes available
Products
Products
Products
• Plenum Options
Products
• Linear Bar Grilles

– Architecturally pleasing lines
– Well suited for continuous runs
– Extruded aluminum frame and
blades
– Suitable for floor, ceiling and
sidewall
– Excellent for perimeter
applications
– Anodizing and special finishes
Products
• LBP
– Pressed, fixed core
– Ceiling, sill, or sidewall
(no floor)
– 10 core styles
– 4 borders
Products
• LBPH
– Pressed, removable core
– Additional support bars for floor applications
– 10 core styles
– 7 borders
Products
• LBMH
– Mandrel tube
construction
– Shallower core and
frame
– 10 core styles
– 6 heavy duty borders
– Curved option (LBM)
– Unique to industry
Products
• Core Clips
– Hold core in place on LBPH and
LBMH
– Core Clip Removal Tool (CCRT)
Products
• Core Styles
Products
• MiterOptions
Products
• T-bar diffusers
– Integral diffuser and plenum
– Discrete lengths (24”, 36”, 48”, and 60”)
– Ideal for perimeter applications
– Economical
Products
• Available diffuser types

Products
• TBDi6-HC
– Heat/cool changeover
diffuser
– Vertical pattern in heating
– Horizontal pattern in cooling
– Ideal for perimeter
applications
Products
• Available Options
Center Notch Straddle Notch
Plaster Frame
Factory Supplied Tees Tee Bar Clips

Products
• Square Plaque Diffuser (SPD)

– Clean, flush look with the ceiling
– Directional baffles available
– Excellent VAV diffuser
– Adjustable vertical pattern not
available
– Short throws
Products
• Square Cone Diffuser (SCD)

– Very popular
– Excellent VAV diffuser
– Same back pan as SPD
– Adjustable vertical pattern
available (SCDA)
– Short throws
Products
• Round diffusers
– Good in duct mounted applications
– Adjustable pattern
– Aluminum/steel construction
Products
• Square Modular/Louvered face

Diffusers (SMD/AMD)
– 1, 2, 3, and 4-way patterns
available
– Long throws
– Removable cores
– Steel and aluminum construction
– Adjustable pattern (SMDA/AMDA)
– High induction models (SMX/AMX)
• Shorter throws
Products
• Square Modular Core Diffusers

(SMCD/AMCD)
available
– Field adjustable pattern
– Removable air pattern modules
Products
• Curved Vane Diffusers

(CVD/SCVD/ACVD)
available
– Field adjustable pattern
– Individually adjustable blades
Products
• Perforated Diffusers
– 1, 2, 3, and 4-way throw options
– Spring release on faces
– Steel or aluminum construction
– Multiple pattern controller options
• PDF (face mounted)
• PDN (neck mounted)
• PDC (curved, individually adjustable)
• PDMC (modular core)
• PDDR/PDR (return, no pattern deflectors)
Products
• Varitherm VAV Diffuser

– Model VPD-C Cooling
– Model VPD-HC Cooling
and Heating
– Thermally Actuated
– No Wiring
– 24X24 Ceiling Module
– 6,8,10,12 inch duct sizes
– T-bar and Surface Mount
– AHRI Certified
Performance Data
Products
• Prodigy VAV Diffuser

– Four Models
– Microprocessor - based
Control
– High-torque electric motor
– Manual, Remote or Tstat
– 24X24 Ceiling Module
– 6,8,10,12,14 inch duct sizes
– T-bar and Surface Mount
– AHRI Certified Performance
Data
Products
• PRC – Pressure Relief Collar

• Used on the inlet of the VAV diffuser
• Dual shutters gradually open in
response to duct pressure > 0.25
in.wg.
• Maintains 0.25 in.wg. inlet static
• Reduces risk of increased noise
levels and excessive air flow
Products
• Grilles and Registers

– Single and double deflection
– Roll formed aluminum, steel and
stainless steel construction
– Extruded aluminum
– Multiple blade spacing and
angles
– Louvered, and airfoil blade
designs
– Standard and heavy duty
Products
• Filter Frame Return Grilles (FF)

– Aluminum, steel, and stainless
steel options
– Removable face for filter
removal
– Filter supplied by others
– 1” and 2” filter rack options
Products
• Spiral Duct Grilles

(SDG/SDGE/SDGR/SDGER)
– Single and double deflection
supply
– Return
– Curved frame to suit spiral duct
frames
– Air scoop for volume control
Products
• Heavy Duty Return Grilles

(90/91/93/95/96/97/98/99)
– Steel and extruded aluminum
options
– Multiple deflections
– Heavy duty construction
Products
• Heavy Duty Return Filter Grilles

(90FH/91FH/95FH/96FH)
– Steel construction
– Multiple deflections
– Removable face for filter
removal
– Filter supplied by others
– 1” and 2” filter rack options
Products
• Heavy Duty Adjustable Grilles

(910/920)
– Steel construction
– Adjustable deflections
– Heavy duty construction
Products
• Industrial Heavy Duty Supply (150)

– 1 ½” blade spacing with 1 ¼”
deep blades
– High air volumes
– Aluminum construction
– Blade indexing to set position of
blades
Products
• Drum Louver (HCD/AHCD)

– Rotary core with adjustable
blades
– Drum rotates +/- 30 degrees
– Optional split blades
– Long throws
– Steel, Stainless Steel,
Aluminum
Products
• Eggcrate Grilles
– Standard core (80 -
1/2x1/2x1/2), 81-1/2x1/2x1,
– 82 – 1x1x1)
– 45 degree, sight resistant core
(85)
• Same frame options as 80/81/82
Products
• Perforated Return (10/10A)

– 51% free area
– Matches perforated supplies
– Different look than louvered
grilles
Products
• Security Grilles
– Objectives of Security Grilles
• Provide air pattern conductive to the
comfort of the occupant
• Deny access to the ductwork
• Prevent means to injure occupant
and others
• Obstruct storage of contraband
Products
– Three security levels
• Minimum – unsupervised for brief time periods or low risk
public areas
• Medium – supervised for long periods or unsupervised for
short periods
• Maximum – long term unobserved exposure
– Risk Resistant – high risk for self harm
– Material choice may affect security level
Products
– Minimum Security (MSD)
• Directional diffuser with lattice face
• Various core styles available
Products
• Medium Security
(MSSL/MSBL)
– Straight or bent louver face
– Screen located behind face
for extra security feature
Products
– Maximum Security (MSLG)
• High strength constructed
according to ASTM standards
• 3 tiers of steel
– Lattice
– Mesh
– Lattice
Products
– Maximum Security – Risk
Resistant (MSRRP)
• Small hole perforations meet
California Title 24
• Designed to limit ligatures and
contraband penetrating through
the face
Learning Objectives
• Understand how performance data is generated and how

to use the for product selection.
• How Noise Criterion data is calculated and to use that as
a guide for acceptable sound levels.
• Properly select and layout an Air Distribution System
using the device throw data and mapping.
• Understand the Price common Air Distribution Products
Resources
• Price ENGINEER’S HVAC HANDBOOK

– Chap 1 – Fundamentals of HVAC
– Chap 4 – Introduction to Indoor Environmental Quality
– Chap 7 – Introduction to Acoustics
– Chap 9 – Introduction to Mixing Ventilation
– Chap 14 – Introduction to VAV Diffusers
Resources
• Price Webinars
• ASHRAE Standard 55: Optimizing Indoor Environments
for Occupant Satisfaction
• Designing Overhead Air Distribution for Increased
Occupant Thermal Comfort
• Diffuser Selection for Challenging Spaces
• Fundamentals of Air Distribution Selections
• Optimizing Indoor Environments for Occupant Satisfaction
• Selecting Air Distribution for Tall and Wide Spaces
Resources
• Brochures
• Case Studies
• Catalog Pages
• Engineering Guides
• Literature
• Manuals
• Performance Data
• Specifications
• Submittals
• Tech Tips
• White Papers
Resources
• Application Support:
– GRD@priceindustries.com
Summary
Questions?
Mixed Air Distribution Systems - PTP XXX
This training session is accredited for 1 Professional Development Hour (PDH)
www.priceindustries.com
grd@priceindustries.com

01 - Grilles & Diffusers

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Mixed Air Distribution Systems

This presentation is protected by U.S. and international copyright laws.

• Mixed Air Distribution Systems using Grilles, Registers

• By the end of this lecture you will:

1. Air Distribution Basics

• How Mixing Systems work

• Price Custom Flow

• Grille vs. Register

• Grilles & Registers

• Grille and Register

• Diffuser sound comparison – 24x24, 380cfm,

• Different diffusers have different airflow patterns

• Diffuser throw comparison – 24x24, 380cfm, 700fpm Neck

• How to selecting throw

𝑇 = 𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 (𝐹°)

• Custom Flow Architectural Linear

• Dual and Single Pattern controller options

• Adjusta Slot Modular ASM

• Four Slot Widths

• SDSC Supply or SDRC Return

• Linear Bar Grilles

• Available diffuser types

Center Notch Straddle Notch

Factory Supplied Tees Tee Bar Clips

• Square Plaque Diffuser (SPD)

• Square Cone Diffuser (SCD)

• Square Modular/Louvered face

• Square Modular Core Diffusers

• Curved Vane Diffusers

• Varitherm VAV Diffuser

• Prodigy VAV Diffuser

• PRC – Pressure Relief Collar

• Grilles and Registers

• Filter Frame Return Grilles (FF)

• Spiral Duct Grilles

• Heavy Duty Return Grilles

• Heavy Duty Return Filter Grilles

• Heavy Duty Adjustable Grilles

• Industrial Heavy Duty Supply (150)

• Drum Louver (HCD/AHCD)

• Perforated Return (10/10A)

• Understand how performance data is generated and how

• Price ENGINEER’S HVAC HANDBOOK

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