TP3 :Résolution des systèmes d’équations linéaires

Elaboré par : Mzoughi Haythem

Jandoubi Wissal

Classe : L1-GC1
1. Résolution d’un système dont la matrice est inversible :

>> A=[2 3;1 -2];

>> B=[8;-3];

>> X=inv(A)*B

X=

2. Résolution d’un système dont la matrice n’est pas inversible :

>> A=[2 1 -3;1 -2 1];

>> B=[1;2];

>> Rang_A=Rank(A)

Rang_A =

>> AB=[A B]

AB =

2 1 -3 1

1 -2 1 2

>> Rang_AB=Rank(AB)

Rang_AB =
 2

>> X=A\B

X=

-1.4000

-0.8000

>> X=pinv(A)*B

X=

0.7333

-0.6667

-0.0667

3. Systèmes paramétrés :

>> syms m

>> A=[1 m 1;m 1 m-1;1 1 1]

A=

[ 1, m, 1]

[ m, 1, m-1]

[ 1, 1, 1]

>> det(A)
ans =

1-m

>> B=[1;m;m+1];

>> X=inv(A)*B;

>> simplify(X)

ans =

[ -(1-2*m-m^2+m^3)/(m-1)]

[ -m/(m-1)]

[ m+m^2]

>> pretty(ans)

[ 2 3]

[ 1-2m-m +m]

[- ]

[ m-1 ]

[ ]

[ m ]

[ - ----- ]

[ m-1 ]

[ ]

[ 2 ]

[ m+m ]
4. Travail à faire :

a)

>> A=[2 -1 4; 3 2 -3; 5 -3 8];

>> B=[-4;17;-10];

>> det(A)

ans =

-23

>> X= inv(A)*B

X=

2.0000

4.0000

-1.0000

b)

>> A=[1 1 1 2; 2 1 2 3; 1 2 3 4; 2 2 4 5];

>> B=[1;2;4;6];

>> det(A)

ans =
 0

>> rang_A=ranK(A)

rang_A =

>> AB=[A B]

AB =

1 1 1 2 1

2 1 2 3 2

1 2 3 4 4

2 2 4 5 6

>> rang_AB=ranK(AB)

rang_AB =

>> X=A\B

Warning: Matrix is close to singular or badly scaled.

Results may be inaccurate. RCOND = 3.965082e-018.

X=

1.0e+015 *
 -3.0024

-6.0048

-3.0024

6.0048

>> X=pinv(A)*B

X=

-0.6250

-0.7500

2.1250

c)

>> A=[1 1 1 1;1 2 2 2;1 2 3 4];

>> B=[1;3;4];

>> rang_A=ranK(A)

rang_A =

>> AB=[A B]

AB =

1 1 1 1 1
1 2 2 2 3
1 2 3 4 4
>> rang_AB=rank(AB)

rang_AB =

>> X=A\B

X=

-1.0000

1.5000

0.5000

>> X=pinv(A)*B

X=

-1.0000

1.1667

0.6667

0.1667

d)

>> A=[3 -5 2 4;7 -4 1 3;5 7 -4 -6];

>> B=[2;5;3];

>> rang_A=ranK(A)
rang_A =

>> AB=[A B]

AB =

3 -5 2 4 2
7 -4 1 3 5
5 7 -4 -6 3

>> Rang_AB=rank(AB)

Rang_AB =

>> X=A\B

Warning: Rank deficient, rank = 2 tol = 8.4260e-015.

X=

0.6708

-0.0404

>> X=pinv(A)*B
X=

0.6637

-0.0553

-0.0601

0.0168
 e)

>> M=[1 -1 1; 1 2 -2; -1 1 1; 1 -1 3]

M=
1 -1 1
1 2 -2
-1 1 1
1 -1 3

>> O=[1;5;-2;m]
O=
[ 1]
[ 5]
[ -2]
[ m]
>> X=pinv(M)*O
X=
[ 7/3+2/9*m]
[ 5/6+5/36*m]
[ -36028797018963965/72057594037927936+1/4*m]
>> simplify(X)
ans =
[ 7/3+2/9*m]
[ 5/6+5/36*m]
[ -36028797018963965/72057594037927936+1/4*m]

>> pretty(ans)

[ 7/3 + 2/9 m ]
[ ]
[ 5/6 + 5/36 m ]
[ ]
[ 36028797018963965 ]
[------------------ + 1/4 m]
[ 72057594037927936 ]