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Correction Devoir Maison
com 1 BAC S
Matière : Mathématiques
Professeur : Yahya MATIOUI
x2 x 6 (x + 2) (x 3) x+2 5
lim = lim = lim = :
x !3 x2 4x + 3 x !3 (x 1) (x 3) x !3 x 1 2
p p
x+2+ 7+x 5 0
| lim = " " (F.I)
x !2 x 2 3x + 2 0
2
On a x 3x + 2 = (x 1) (x 2) donc
p p p p
x+2+ 7+x 5 x+2 2+ 7+x 3
lim = lim
x !2 x2 3x + 2 x !2 (x 1) (x 2)
p p
x+2 2 7+x 3
= lim +
x !2 (x 1) (x 2) (x 1) (x 2)
(x + 2) 4 (7 + x) 9
= lim p + p
x !2 (x 1) (x 2) x + 2 + 2 (x 1) (x 2) 7 + x + 3
x 2 x 2
= lim p + p
x !2 (x 1) (x 2) x + 2 + 2 (x 1) (x 2) 7 + x + 3
1 1
= lim p + p
x !2 (x 1) x + 2 + 2 (x 1) 7 + x + 3
1 1
= p + p
(2 1) 2 + 2 + 2 (2 1) 7 + 2 + 3
5
=
12
p p
x+2+ 7+x 5 5
donc lim = :
x !2 x2 3x + 2 12
1
p
| lim x2 + x 1+x="+1 1" (F:I)
x ! 1
p p
p x2 + x
1+x x2 + x 1 x
lim x2 + x 1+x = lim p
x ! 1 x ! 1 x2 + x 1 x
x + x 1 x2
2
= lim p
x ! 1 x2 + x 1 x
x 1
= lim p
x ! 1 x2 + x 1 x
1
x 1
x
= lim s
x ! 1
1 1
x2 1 + x
x x
1
x 1
x
= lim r
x ! 1 1 1
x 1+ x
x x
1
x 1
x
= lim r !
x ! 1
1 1
x 1+ +1
x x
1
1 1
= lim r x =
x ! 1 1 1 2
1+ +1
x x
p 1
donc lim x2 + x 1+x= :
x ! 1 2
p
| lim 2x 1 3x2 + x + 2 = " + 1 1" (F:I)
x !+1
s
p 2 1
lim 2x 1 3x2 + x + 2 = lim x2 3x2 + x + 2
x !+1 x !+1 x x2
r
2 1 2
= lim x +x 3x + 1 +
x !+1 x x2 x
r !
2 1 2
= lim x + 3x + 1 +
x !+1 x x2 x
= 1
r
2 2 1
car lim 3x + 1 + = 1 et lim =0
x !+1 x x !+1 x x2
2
Exercice 2 .
Calculons les limites :
sin (2x) 2 sin x 0
| lim = " " (F:I)
x !0 x2 0
Soit x 2 R; on a sin (2x) 2 sin x = 2 sin x: cos x 2 sin x = 2 sin x (cos x 1), donc
3
p
2 cos x 1 0
| lim p = " " (F:I)
2 sin x 1 0
x !
4
p 1
p 2 cos x p
2 cos x 1 2
lim p = lim
2 sin x 1 p 1
x ! x ! 2 sin x p
4 4 2
p
2
cos x
= lim p2
x ! sin x
2
4 2
cos x cos
= lim 4
x ! sin x sin
4 4
0 1 0 1
x+ x
B 4C B 4C
2 sin @ A : sin @ A
2 2
= lim 0 1 0 1
x ! x x+
4 2 sin B
@
4C
A : cos
B
@
4C
A
2 2
0 1
x+
B 4C
sin @ A
2
= lim 0 1
x ! x+
4 B 4C
cos @ A
2
0 1
x+
B 4C
= lim tan @ A
2
x !
4
x
= lim tan + = tan + = 1
2 8 8 8
x !
4
p
2 cos x 1
donc lim p = 1:
x ! 2 sin x 1
4
p
1 cos x 0
| lim+ = " " (F:I)
x !0 sin x 0
4
On a
p
1 cos x p 1
lim+ = lim+ 1 cos x
x !0 sin x x !0
p sin x
1 cos x x
= lim
x !0+ x sin x
p
1 cos x x
= lim p
x !0+ x2 sin x
p
1 cos x 1
= lim p
x !0+ x2 sin x
x
1 1
= 1=
2 2
p
1 cos x 1
donc lim+ = :
x !0 sin x 2
Exercice 3 .
On considère la fonction f dé…nie par
8 p
> x 1
>
> f (x) = p si x > 1
>
< 2 3+x
>
> p
>
> 1 x
: f (x) = si x < 1
2
2x + x 3
3 3
1. Montrons que Df = 1; [ ; 1 [ ]1; +1[ :
2 2
On pose :
p p
x 1 1 x
f1 (x) = p et I = ]1; +1[ , f2 (x) = et J = ] 1; 1[
2 3+x 2x2 +x 3
On a d’une part
n p o
D f1 = x 2 R= x 0 et 3 + x 0 et 2 3 + x 6= 0
n p o
= x 2 R= x 0 et x 3 et 3 + x 6= 2
n p o
= x 2 R= x 0 et 3 + x 6= 2
p
soit x 2 [0; +1[ ; on résout l’équation : 3 + x = 2
p
3 + x = 2 () 3 + x = 4 () x = 4 3 () x = 1
donc :
Df1 = fx 2 R= x 0 et x 6= 1g
= [0; 1[ [ ]1; +1[
5
par suite :
D’autre part
D f2 = x 2 R= 1 x 0 et 2x2 + x 3 6= 0
= x 2 R= x 1 et 2x2 + x 3 6= 0
d’où
3
Df2 = x 2 R= x 1 et x 6= 1 et x 6=
2
3 3
= 1; [ ;1
2 2
par suite :
3 3
Df2 \ J = 1; [ ; 1 \ ] 1; 1[
2 2
3 3
= 1; \ ] 1; 1[ [ ; 1 \ ] 1; 1[
2 2
3 3
= 1; [ ;1
2 2
Finalement :
Df = (Df1 \ I) [ (Df2 \ J)
3 3
= 1; [ ; 1 [ ]1; +1[
2 2
6
p
x 1
lim f (x) = lim p
x !+1 x !+1 2 3+x
p
x 1
= lim r
x !+1 p 3
2 x 1+
x
p 1
x 1 p
x
= lim r !
x !+1 p
2 3
x p 1+
x x
1
1 p
x
= lim r = 1
x !+1 2 3
p 1+
x x
p
1 x
lim f (x) = lim 2
x ! 1 x ! 1 2x + x 3
(1 x)
= lim p
x ! 1 (2x2 + x 3) 1 x
1 x 1
= lim p =0
x ! 1 2x2 + x 3 1 x
1 x x 1 1
car : lim 2
= lim 2
= lim =0 et lim p =0
x ! 1 2x + x 3 x ! 1 2x x ! 1 2x x ! 1 1 x
3. Calculons : lim+ f (x) et lim f (x):
x !1 x !1
p
x 1
lim+ f (x) = lim+ p = " 00 " (F:I)
x !1 x !1 2 3+x
p
x 1
lim+ f (x) = lim+ p
x !1 x !1 2 3+x
p p p
( x 1) ( x + 1) 2 + 3 + x
= lim+ p p p
x !1 2 3 + x 2 + 3 + x ( x + 1)
p
(x 1) 2 + 3 + x
= lim+ p
x !1 (4 3 x) ( x + 1)
p
(x 1) 2 + 3 + x
= lim+ p
x !1 (1 x) ( x + 1)
p
(x 1) 2 + 3 + x
= lim+ p
x !1 (x 1) ( x + 1)
p
2+ 3+x
= lim+ p = 2
x !1 ( x + 1)
7
p
1 x 0
lim f (x) = lim = " " (F:I)
x !1 x !1 2x2 + x 3 0
p
1 x
lim f (x) = lim
x !1 x !1 2x2
+x 3
(1 x)
= lim p
x !1 (2x + 3) (x 1) 1 x
(x 1)
= lim p
x !1 (2x + 3) (x 1) 1 x
1
= lim p = 1
x !1 (2x + 3) 1 x
p
car : lim 1 x = 0+
x !1
3
4. La limite en x1 = :
2
On a q
p 5
1 x 2
lim 3 2 = =1
x ! 2 2x + x 3 0
Donc : p p
1 x 1 x
lim + 2 = 1 et lim 2
= +1
3 2x + x 3 3 2x + x 3
x ! x !
2 2
8
Exercice 4 .
C
Q
O
P
A B
3. La nature du triangle OP Q :
! !
On a r (Q) = P c’est équivant à OQ = OP et OQ; OP [2 ] : Donc le nature
2
du triangle OP Q est rectangle isocèle en O:
9
FIN
Pr : Yahya MATIOUI
www:etude generale:com
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