Renewable Energy

Plaques
Photovoltaïques
Présenté par Chloé T. & Co

Section Break
Plan de l’exposé
Plan 01 Etat de l’art
Généralités sur l’énergie solaires; historique et applications.
De
L’exposé 02 Méthodologie
Modèle d’une cellule photovoltaïque, modèle d’un module photovoltaïque,
commande d’un module photovoltaïque, différents types de modèles
photovoltaïques.
03 Réalisation d’un suiveur solaire

Introduction partielle, les types de suiveurs solaires.
Section Break
Etat de l’art des plaques photovoltaïques
Depuis l’avènement de l’ère industrielle, l’homme
n’a cessé de consommer ses réserves en
énergies fossiles, jusqu'à se rendre compte que
l’épuisement de celles-ci n’est qu’une question
de siècles, voire d’années. Surtout que nos
besoins en énergie croissent exponentiellement.
Destruction de la
planète par les
énergies fossiles
POSSIBILITE DE SAUVER LA
TERRE
Nous disposons de
Ressources Inépuisable
Parmi ces sources inépuisables, la lumière du
soleil est la plus abondante. Des estimations
affirment qu’en une année celui-ci diffuse vers la
terre plus de 40000 fois l’énergie consommée par
la population mondiale.
L’ENERGIE SOLAIRE
L'énergie solaire est une source d'énergie renouvelable qui est produite par la
lumière et la chaleur du soleil
l'énergie solaire est une source d'énergie renouvelable, propre et respectueuse de l'environnement qui présente de
nombreux avantages pour répondre aux besoins en énergie de la société. Toutefois, des efforts supplémentaires
sont nécessaires pour surmonter les défis liés à l'installation, l'entretien et le stockage de l'énergie solaire afin de
maximiser son potentiel en tant que source d'énergie alternative.
#1 #2 #3
Renouvelable Non polluante Disponible
Historique
Découverte de l’effet photovoltaïque Conception du premier panneau solaire Expansion des plaques
Le physicien Alexandre Edmond Bequeret Realisé par les chercheurs des laboratoires Bell, solaires
Environ 20000 foyers sont équipés de
découvre la possibilité de produire de il avait un rendement de 8% systèmes d’autoconsomation solaire
l’électricité grâce à la lumière et aux matériaux
semi-conducteurs comme le silicium
1913 1973
1839 1954 2017

Premières cellules photovoltaïques Première alimentation d’une maison
Mais ce n’est qu’en 1916 que Robert Milikan Grace à l’université de Delaware.
parvient à produire un courant continu.
Applications
Alimentation électrique
Pompage d’eau Eclairage publique
des maisons
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Section Break
Méthodologie des plaques photovoltaïques
QUELQUES INFORMATIONS
01 SHUNT
C’est un dispositif de très faible impédance
02 Courant traversant une diode
relativement à la charge qui permet au Le courant traversant une diode réelle est
courant de passer d’un point à un autre d’un
donné par la formule :
circuit en utilisant très peu d’énergie.
I = - 1)
Le circuit équivalent d’une cellule photovoltaïque
est présenté dans la figure suivante. Il inclut une
source de courant, une diode, une résistance série et
une résistance shunt.
Loi Des Noeuds

I,c = Iph,c – Id,c – Ish,c
Lois Des Mailles

On a:
V,c = Rsh,c Ish,c - Rs,c I,c
On obtient finalement:
Ish,c =
Courant Traversant Une Diode
Schéma equivalent D’après la relation de notre rappel, on
a:
d’une cellule photo- Id,c = I0,c(
voltaïque Expression De Iph,c

D’après les 03 relations précédentes, on obtient:
I,c = Iph,c - Id,c = I0,c( + Ish,c =
Module Photovoltaïque
Association parallèle
Ce type d’assiociation
contribue à l’augmentation de
l’intensité du courant
traversant le circuit
L'équation de base de la
cellule photovoltaïque
élémentaire ne représente pas
la caractéristique I-V d'un
module photovoltaïque. Les
modules sont composés de
Association série plusieurs cellules
photovoltaïques connectées
Ce type d’assiciation en série ou en parallèle.
permet l’augmentation de
la tension du circuit.
Caractérisque I-V d’un module PV
Resistance en série
Elle donnée par la formule
La tension aux bornes du module
I = Iph - I0(-1) –
Resistance shunt
Le facteur d’idéalité
Le courant du module Avec, Le nombre de cellules en série
irradiation solaire en w/m2
Iph = (Isc + Ki(T – 298.15)) et I0 =
La température
Photo-courant Courant de saturation
ambiante
inverse de la diode
Comparaison En utilisant l’utilité fournie par Psim, nous avons pu extraire les
paramètres du module présentés sur le tableau 2 et les
des caractéris-
caractéristiques I-V et P-V pour que nous puissions les comparer
avec les caractéristiques obtenues par notre modélisation :
tiques
Rs 0.008 * 36 Ω
Rsh 1000 * 36 Ω
A 1.2
I0,n 2.160e-08 A
L’utilité solar module de Psim Caractéristiques P-V et I-V d’un

module Solarex MSX-60
Les types de systèmes PV
Système
Système Système PV avec Système
01 PV 02 PV
connecté
03 storage
connecté
04 PV
Autonome plug&play
au réseau au réseau
Dans ce type d’installation, le

c’est un type d’installation réseau électrique national Il s’agit d’un système innovant Le système photovoltaïque plug
photovoltaïque qui n’est pas devient un réservoir infini de dans lequel l’énergie produite and play, souvent appelé plug
connecté au réseau électrique stockage dans lequel l’énergie est d’abord stockée dans les in, est une micro-installation
national, mais qui est connecté à un provenant de sources systèmes de storage (ou de solaire innovante d’une
système autonome de stockage renouvelables est injectée stockage) et, une fois que la puissance inférieure à 350 W
d’énergie – batteries électriques – lorsque l’installation produit et capacité des batteries est qui peut être installée sur des
qui stockent l’électricité produite que l’utilisateur ne consomme atteinte, l’énergie résiduelle est balcons, des fenêtres ou dans
par l’installation et la restituent aux pas et depuis lequel l’électricité injectée dans le réseau les jardins..
utilisateurs au moment où ils en ont est prélevée au moment du électrique national. Pour cette
besoin. besoin, lorsque l’installation ne caractéristique, il est également
produit pas (la nuit). appelé système photovoltaïque
hybride
Section Break
Réalisation d’un suiveur solaire
Réalisation
du projet
Suiveur solaire
Le soleil est la plus importante source

d’énergies renouvelables qu’on peut
exploiter pour produire de l’électricité
Le soleil n’est pas fixe dans le ciel et ce, durant la journée ou au cours de l’année. Pour
cela, les collecteurs solaires munis de systèmes de poursuite de la trajectoire du soleil
(suiveurs solaires) sont mieux placés que les collecteurs fixes. En effet, la position
idéale des collecteurs est que le rayonnement doit tomber verticalement sur la surface
du collecteur afin de maximiser
la quantité de rayonnement reçu.
Les types
de suiveurs
solaires
Le principe de l’horlogerie Le principe de l’héliostat

programmée
Des ingénieurs émettent des
Le principe de l’héliostat consiste à
calculs, en se basant sur les
renvoyer les rayons du soleil vers un
observations des années passées,
point fixe. Ce dispositif prend en
et déterminent l’orientation optimale
considération la rotation de la Terre par
selon l’heure, la saison et la latitude.
rapport au soleil afin de compenser les
Ensuite, le mouvement du panneau
mouvements.
photovoltaïque est programmé en
fonction de ces calculs.
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Plaques

Présenté par Chloé T. & Co

03 Réalisation d’un suiveur solaire

1839 1954 2017

Example Text : Example Text : Example Text :

Loi Des Noeuds

Lois Des Mailles

voltaïque Expression De Iph,c

L’utilité solar module de Psim Caractéristiques P-V et I-V d’un

Dans ce type d’installation, le

Le soleil est la plus importante source

Le principe de l’horlogerie Le principe de l’héliostat

Your Text Here Your Text Here Your Text Here

04 audience and add a unique

Simple PowerPoint Presentation

Easy to change Easy to change Easy to change

Place Your Picture Here

Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation

I hope and I believe that this Template will your Time,

Your Text Here

Contents Contents Contents Contents

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