Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
% berat
BM
Komponen
kg/kmol
C6h1202
0.3
116
c8h16o2
0.9
144
c10h20o2
4
172
c12h24o2
49.6
200
c14h28o2
16
228
c16h32o2
8
256
c18h36o2 steric
2
284
c18h34o2 oleic
13.7
282
c18h32o2 linoleic
5.4
280
c20h30o2
0.1
302
H20
18.02
H3PO4
98
Jumlah
100
2380.02
Data Kapasitas Panas
Komponen
C6h1202
c8h16o2
c10h20o2
c12h24o2
c14h28o2
c16h32o2
c18h36o2
c18h34o2
c18h32o2
c20h30o2
impurities
air
H3PO4
Jumlah
BT
72.281
70.79
82.541
50.801
80.266
86.29
99.012
278.686
241.348
-670.074
CT2
1.35E+00
1.76E+00
2.09E+00
2.26E+00
2.82E+00
3.52E+00
3.59E+00
2.54E+00
2.31E+00
7.28E+00
-3.33E-03
-4.15E-03
-4.75E-03
-4.97E-03
-6.01E-03
-7.32E-03
-7.25E-03
-5.44E-03
-5.07E-03
-1.33E-02
OP-NOTCH
TECHNOLOGY IN
PRODUCTION OF
OILS AND FATS
DT3
3.34E-06
3.95E-06
4.32E-06
4.38E-06
5.13E-06
6.10E-06
5.90E-06
4.92E-06
4.75E-06
9.06E-06
TMIN
TMAX
2.71E+02
2.91E+02
3.06E+02
3.18E+02
3.29E+02
3.37E+02
3.44E+02
2.88E+02
2.69E+02
4.48E+02
6.00E+02
6.23E+02
6.42E+02
6.61E+02
6.80E+02
6.98E+02
7.19E+02
7.03E+02
6.98E+02
7.49E+02
http://www.chempro.in/palmoilproperties.htm
TECHNICAL INFORMATION
PALM OIL PROPERTIES
ViscositymPa Heat Capacity Conductivity
Density kg/m3 ViscositycST
s
KJ/kg-C
W/m-C
Tempdeg. C
20
106.8
1,848
0.1726
890.1
119.99
25
30
77.19
57.85
1,861
1,875
0.1721
0.1717
887.5
885
86.97
65.37
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200
205
210
215
220
225
230
240
245
250
255
260
275
280
285
290
295
300
44.68
35.41
28.68
23.68
19.88
16.93
14.61
12.75
11.23
9.99
8,955
8,087
7,351
6,721
6,179
5,709
5,298
4,937
4,335
4,083
3,857
3,653
3,469
3,302
3,151
3,012
2,885
2,769
2,662
2,563
2,471
2,387
2,308
2,234
2,166
2,102
2,042
1,986
1,933
1,836
1,792
1,751
1,711
1,674
1,572
1,542
1,513
1,485
1,459
1,434
1,888
1,902
1,916
1.93
1,944
1,959
1,973
1,988
2,003
2,018
2,034
2,049
2,065
2,081
2,097
2,113
2,129
2,146
2,179
2,197
2,214
2,231
2,249
2,267
2,284
2,303
2,321
2,339
2,358
2,377
2,396
2,415
2,434
2,454
2,473
2,493
2,513
2,533
2,554
2,595
2,616
2,637
2,658
2.68
2,745
2,767
2,789
2,812
2,834
2,857
0.1712
0.1708
0.1704
0.1699
0.1695
0.1691
0.1687
0.1683
0.1679
0.1675
0.1671
0.1668
0.1664
0.166
0.1657
0.1653
0.165
0.1646
0.164
0.1636
0.1633
0.163
0.1627
0.1624
0.1621
0.1618
0.1615
0.1613
0.131
0.1607
0.1605
0.1602
0.16
0.1597
0.1595
0.1693
0.1591
0.1589
0.1586
0.1582
0.1581
0.1579
0.1577
0.1575
0.157
0.1569
0.1568
0.1566
0.1565
0.1564
882.5
880
877.5
875.1
872.6
870.2
867.8
865.4
863.1
860.7
858.4
856.1
853.8
851.6
849.3
847.1
844.9
842.7
838.4
836.3
834.2
832.1
830
828
825.9
823.9
821.9
819.9
818
816.1
814.1
812.2
810.4
808.5
806.7
804.9
803.1
801.3
799.5
796.1
794.4
792.7
791
789.4
784.6
783
781.5
779.9
778.4
776.9
50.63
40.24
32.68
27.06
22.78
19.46
16.84
14.73
13.01
11.61
10.43
9.45
8.61
7.89
7.28
6.74
6.27
5.86
5.17
4.88
4.62
4.39
4.18
3.99
3.82
3.66
3.51
3.38
3.25
3.14
3.04
2.94
2.85
2.76
2.69
2.61
2.54
2.48
2.42
2.31
2.26
2.21
2.16
2.08
2.00
1.97
1.94
1.90
1.87
1.85
CP. 25
2.68E+02
3.32E+02
-
6.84E+02
6.04E+02
7.56E+01
http://sultanayasser.blogspot.co.id/2012/12/density-table-for-palm-oil-products-
D.q-C
25
26
RBD PL
0.9073
0.9066
RBD PO
0.9069
0.9062
RBD ST
RBD PKO
0.9166
0.9161
CPO
CPKO
0.9166
0.9161
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
0.9059
0.9053
0.9040
0.9039
0.9033
0.9026
0.9019
0.9013
0.9006
0.8999
0.8993
0.8986
0.8979
0.8973
0.8956
0.8959
0.8953
0.8946
0.8939
0.8932
0.8926
0.8919
0.8912
0.8906
0.8899
0.8892
0.8886
0.8879
0.8872
260
0.9055
0.9048
0.9041
0.9034
0.9027
0.9020
0.9013
0.9006
0.9000
0.8993
0.8987
0.8980
0.8973
0.8966
0.8959
0.8952
0.8946
0.8939
0.8933
0.8926
0.8920
0.8913
0.8907
0.8900
0.8940
0.8887
0.8880
0.8874
0.8867
0.8861
0.8854
0.8848
0.8842
0.8834
0.8828
0.8822
0.8815
0.8808
0.8802
0.9057
0.9050
0.9043
0.9036
0.9029
0.9022
0.9015
0.9008
0.9000
0.8993
0.8986
0.8979
0.8972
0.8964
0.8957
0.8950
0.8943
0.8936
0.8928
0.8921
0.8914
0.8907
0.8900
0.8892
0.8885
0.8878
0.8871
0.8864
0.8856
0.8849
0.8842
0.8835
0.8828
0.8820
0.8813
0.8806
0.9154
0.9147
0.9140
0.9133
0.9127
0.9120
0.9113
0.9106
0.9099
0.9092
0.9085
0.9078
0.9071
0.9064
0.9057
0.9050
0.9043
0.9036
0.9029
0.9022
0.9015
0.9008
0.7503 esktrapolasi
0.9055
0.9048
0.9040
0.9033
0.9026
0.9019
0.9012
0.9005
0.8998
0.8991
0.8983
0.8976
0.8969
0.8962
0.8955
0.8948
0.8941
0.8934
0.8927
0.8920
0.8913
0.8906
0.8899
0.8892
0.8885
0.9154
0.9147
0.9140
0.9133
0.9127
0.9120
0.9113
0.9106
0.9099
0.9092
0.9085
0.9078
0.9071
0.9064
0.9057
0.9050
0.9043
0.9036
0.9029
0.9022
0.9015
0.9008
or-palm-oil-products-no-d.html
CNO
0.9156
0.9150
0.9143
0.9137
0.9131
0.9127
0.9119
0.9112
0.9106
0.9100
0.9094
0.9089
0.9082
0.9076
0.9070
0.9063
0.9057
0.9051
0.9044
0.9038
0.9032
0.9023
0.9020
0.9013
0.9007
0.9001
0.8994
0.8988
0.8982
0.8976
0.8970
0.8964
0.8958
0.8951
0.8945
0.8939
Komponen
C6h1202
c8h16o2
c10h20o2
c12h24o2
c14h28o2
c16h32o2
c18h32o2 linoleic
c18h34o2 olein
c18h36o2 stearin
c20h30o2
impurities
air
0.4
0.6
47
6.6
40.9
4.3
0.2
Jumlah
Aliran 1
100
T=
T ref
Komponen
C6h1202
c8h16o2
c10h20o2
c12h24o2
c14h28o2
c16h32o2
c18h32o2
c18h34o2
c18h36o2
c20h30o2
impurities
air
H3PO4
Jumlah
40 C
25 C
aliran 1 Kg
aliran 1 kmol
160
240
18800
2640
16360
1720
0
0
80
0
40000
0
0
0
0.8
1.0526315789
73.4375
9.2957746479
58.0141843972
6.1428571429
0
0
0.8163265306
0
149.5592743
C6h1202
c8h16o2
c10h20o2
c12h24o2
313.15
298.15
Cp dT
1232.71362061
0
1255.75756767
0
1467.96121692
0
1010.50864767 808.406918138
1514.1161753 1593.80650031
1682.60654189 123566.41792
1880.68276617 17482.4031785
4460.36988188 258764.720807
3874.06173919 23797.8078264
-9246.5911401
0
0
0
1376.06964592 1123.32215993
0
10508.2566632 427136.88531
427136.8853 Kj/jam
HE
Komponen
massa keluar
aliran 3
427136.88531 Kj/jam
70 c
25 c
343.15 K
298.15 K
0
0
0
0.8
Cp dT
Q3
4524.76786936
0
4850.23305642
0
5690.69574567
0
4425.91496142 3540.73196914
c14h28o2
c16h32o2
c18h32o2
c18h34o2
c18h36o2
c20h30o2
impurities
air
H3PO4
Jumlah
240
18800
2640
16360
1720
0
0
80
0
40000
1.0526315789
73.4375
9.2957746479
58.0141843972
6.1428571429
0
0
0.8163265306
0
149.559274297
6286.07769905 6616.92389373
7234.65316814 531294.842035
7873.66435992 73191.8095429
14956.0070569 867660.551243
13046.9685992 80145.6642522
-23174.016845
0
0
0
4096.07069205 3343.73117718
31.608
0
49842.644363 1565794.254
1138657.3688 Kj/jam
msteam =
Q steam
steam
Bar
Hv
Hl
steam
1.985
2706
503.7
2 2706.293296089 504.5924581 2201.700838
2.701
2720
546.3
M steam=
Msteam perhari
517.1717016029 Kg /jam
12412.12083847 Kg/hari
Komponen
C6h1202
c8h16o2
c10h20o2
c12h24o2
c14h28o2
c16h32o2
c18h36o2
c18h34o2
c18h32o2
c20h30o2
impurities
air
H3PO4
Jumlah
K
K
BT
72.281
70.79
82.541
50.801
80.266
86.29
99.012
278.686
241.348
-670.074
92.053
0.7024
1.35E+00
1.76E+00
2.09E+00
2.26E+00
2.82E+00
3.52E+00
3.59E+00
2.54E+00
2.31E+00
7.28E+00
CT2
-3.33E-03
-4.15E-03
-4.75E-03
-4.97E-03
-6.01E-03
-7.32E-03
-7.25E-03
-5.44E-03
-5.07E-03
-1.33E-02
-4.00E-02 -2.11E-04
DT3
3.34E-06
3.95E-06
4.32E-06
4.38E-06
5.13E-06
6.10E-06
5.90E-06
4.92E-06
4.75E-06
9.06E-06
TMIN
2.71E+02
2.91E+02
3.06E+02
3.18E+02
3.29E+02
3.37E+02
3.44E+02
2.88E+02
2.69E+02
4.48E+02
TMAX
CP. 25
Komponen
C6h1202
c8h16o2
c10h20o2
c12h24o2
c14h28o2
c16h32o2
c18h32o2 linoleic
c18h34o2 olein
c18h36o2 stearin
c20h30o2
impurities
air
0.4
0.6
47
6.6
40.9
4.3
0.2
Jumlah
Aliran 1
100
T=
T ref
Komponen
C6h1202
c8h16o2
c10h20o2
c12h24o2
c14h28o2
c16h32o2
c18h32o2
c18h34o2
c18h36o2
c20h30o2
impurities
air
H3PO4
Jumlah
40 C
25 C
aliran 1 Kg
aliran 1 kmol
160
240
18800
2640
16360
1720
0
0
80
0
40000
0
0
0
0.8
1.0526315789
73.4375
9.2957746479
58.0141843972
6.1428571429
0
0
0.8163265306
0
149.5592743
C6h1202
c8h16o2
c10h20o2
c12h24o2
313.15
298.15
Cp dT
1232.71362061
0
1255.75756767
0
1467.96121692
0
1010.50864767 808.406918138
1514.1161753 1593.80650031
1682.60654189 123566.41792
1880.68276617 17482.4031785
4460.36988188 258764.720807
3874.06173919 23797.8078264
-9246.5911401
0
0
0
1376.06964592 1123.32215993
0
10508.2566632 427136.88531
427136.8853 Kj/jam
HE
Komponen
massa keluar
aliran 3
427136.88531 Kj/jam
70 c
25 c
343.15 K
298.15 K
0
0
0
0.8
Cp dT
Q3
4524.76786936
0
4850.23305642
0
5690.69574567
0
4425.91496142 3540.73196914
c14h28o2
c16h32o2
c18h32o2
c18h34o2
c18h36o2
c20h30o2
impurities
air
H3PO4
Jumlah
240
18800
2640
16360
1720
0
0
80
0
40000
1.0526315789
73.4375
9.2957746479
58.0141843972
6.1428571429
0
0
0.8163265306
0
149.559274297
6286.07769905 6616.92389373
7234.65316814 531294.842035
7873.66435992 73191.8095429
14956.0070569 867660.551243
13046.9685992 80145.6642522
-23174.016845
0
0
0
4096.07069205 3343.73117718
31.608
0
49842.644363 1565794.254
1138657.3688 Kj/jam
msteam =
Q steam
steam
Bar
Hv
Hl
steam
1.985
2706
503.7
2 2706.293296089 504.5924581 2201.700838
2.701
2720
546.3
M steam=
Msteam perhari
517.1717016029 Kg /jam
12412.12083847 Kg/hari
Komponen
C6h1202
c8h16o2
c10h20o2
c12h24o2
c14h28o2
c16h32o2
c18h36o2
c18h34o2
c18h32o2
c20h30o2
impurities
air
H3PO4
Jumlah
K
K
BT
72.281
70.79
82.541
50.801
80.266
86.29
99.012
278.686
241.348
-670.074
92.053
0.7024
1.35E+00
1.76E+00
2.09E+00
2.26E+00
2.82E+00
3.52E+00
3.59E+00
2.54E+00
2.31E+00
7.28E+00
CT2
-3.33E-03
-4.15E-03
-4.75E-03
-4.97E-03
-6.01E-03
-7.32E-03
-7.25E-03
-5.44E-03
-5.07E-03
-1.33E-02
-4.00E-02 -2.11E-04
DT3
3.34E-06
3.95E-06
4.32E-06
4.38E-06
5.13E-06
6.10E-06
5.90E-06
4.92E-06
4.75E-06
9.06E-06
TMIN
2.71E+02
2.91E+02
3.06E+02
3.18E+02
3.29E+02
3.37E+02
3.44E+02
2.88E+02
2.69E+02
4.48E+02
TMAX
CP. 25
Komponen
C6h1202
c8h16o2
c10h20o2
c12h24o2
c14h28o2
c16h32o2
c18h32o2 linoleic
c18h34o2 olein
c18h36o2 stearin
c20h30o2
impurities
air
0.4
0.6
47
6.6
40.9
4.3
0.2
Jumlah
Aliran 1
100
T=
T ref
Komponen
C6h1202
c8h16o2
c10h20o2
c12h24o2
c14h28o2
c16h32o2
c18h32o2
c18h34o2
c18h36o2
c20h30o2
impurities
air
H3PO4
Jumlah
260 C
25 C
aliran 1 Kg
aliran 1 kmol
160
240
18800
2640
16360
1720
0
0
80
0
40000
0
0
0
0.8
1.0526315789
73.4375
9.2957746479
58.0141843972
6.1428571429
0
0
0.8163265306
0
149.5592743
C6h1202
c8h16o2
c10h20o2
c12h24o2
533.15
298.15
Cp dT
42489.2434269
0
50409.5592656
0
59854.8890148
0
56141.8714956 44913.4971965
74537.1159732 78460.1220771
90553.969319 6650057.12186
95469.7506141 887465.287399
115961.400549 6727406.07438
102107.606948 627232.442678
-7045.8731151
0
0
0
20024.0202745 16346.1389996
0
700503.553765 15031880.6846
15031880.68 Kj/jam
HE
Komponen
massa keluar
aliran 3
15031880.6846 Kj/jam
110 c
25 c
383.15 K
298.15 K
0
0
0
0.8
Cp dT
Q3
10393.3893669
0
11593.6434506
0
13650.3552198
0
11515.6502556 9212.52020447
c14h28o2
c16h32o2
c18h32o2
c18h34o2
c18h36o2
c20h30o2
impurities
air
H3PO4
Jumlah
240
18800
2640
16360
1720
0
0
80
0
40000
1.0526315789
73.4375
9.2957746479
58.0141843972
6.1428571429
0
0
0.8163265306
0
149.559274297
15832.7814132 16666.0856981
18644.810504 1369228.27139
19968.7362141 185624.871849
31827.9093235 1846470.20047
27871.6439025 171211.52683
-33252.317255
0
0
0
7643.95297596 6239.96161303
59.704
0
135750.259371 3604653.438
-11427227.247 Kj/jam
mair =
Q steam
steam
Bar
Hv
Hl
steam
1.985
2706
503.7
2 2706.293296089 504.5924581 2201.700838
2.701
2720
546.3
M steam=
Msteam perhari
-5190.1816311129 Kg /jam
-124564.359147 Kg/hari
Komponen
C6h1202
c8h16o2
c10h20o2
c12h24o2
c14h28o2
c16h32o2
c18h36o2
c18h34o2
c18h32o2
c20h30o2
impurities
air
H3PO4
Jumlah
K
K
BT
72.281
70.79
82.541
50.801
80.266
86.29
99.012
278.686
241.348
-670.074
92.053
0.7024
1.35E+00
1.76E+00
2.09E+00
2.26E+00
2.82E+00
3.52E+00
3.59E+00
2.54E+00
2.31E+00
7.28E+00
CT2
-3.33E-03
-4.15E-03
-4.75E-03
-4.97E-03
-6.01E-03
-7.32E-03
-7.25E-03
-5.44E-03
-5.07E-03
-1.33E-02
-4.00E-02 -2.11E-04
DT3
3.34E-06
3.95E-06
4.32E-06
4.38E-06
5.13E-06
6.10E-06
5.90E-06
4.92E-06
4.75E-06
9.06E-06
TMIN
2.71E+02
2.91E+02
3.06E+02
3.18E+02
3.29E+02
3.37E+02
3.44E+02
2.88E+02
2.69E+02
4.48E+02
TMAX
CP. 25
fluida dingin
1 Tumpan=
40.0000 c
313.0000 K
104.0000 F
T produk
70.0000 c
343.0000 K
158.0000 F
laju alir
40.0000 kg/jam
88.1840 lb/jam
1138657.3688
1079234.2567
3 Menghitung T LMTD
fluida
158.0000 T tinggi
104.0000 Trendah
54.0000
Tlmtd=
31.2845 F
Tc = Tavg = (T1 + T2)/2
tc = tavg = (t1 + t2)/2
4 NTU
NTU
5 Maka FT adalah=
1.7261
0.9600
delta TM
30.0332
Dari tabel 8, Kern, hal 840 diperoleh untuk Heavey oragnik dan heavy organik memiliki harga rang
7
8
Asumsi : UD =
20.0000
Q
U D TLMTD
1796.7381
F a
U
Q
c
L
Q
U
d
U
U
D
c
.
L
h
t
h
U
d
t
a
i
r p
i
4
A
2
a
"
f
g
G
a
2
L
D
e
Jumlah plate
419.4228
actual 20 %
503.3074
10
210
0.0042
Fluida panas
T in
90.0000 c
363.0000 K
194.0000 F
T out
55.0000 c
328.0000 K
131.0000 F
laju alir
40.0000 kg/jam
88.1840 lb/jam
kj/jam
Btu/jam
fluida panas
194.0000
131.0000
63.0000
temp diff
F
36.0000 t2
27.0000 t1
-9.0000 t2 t1
162.5000 F
131.0000 F
CPO panas
Cpo dingin
t2/t1
0.75
plate
420.0000 plate
plate
504.0000 plate
c
p
.
F
p
P
0.0049 ft
0.8596 ft
2.2046 lb
1 kg =
1 kJ =
0.947813 Btu
1 m2
10.7640 ft2
ln t2/t1
-0.2876820725
100-200
p
.
W/m2 C
0.0966 m2
1.0397 ft2
0.3980 m2
4.2838 ft2
4
4
1 m (meter) =
3.2808 ft
fluida dingin
Tumpan=
70.0000 c
343.0000 K
158.0000 F
T produk
95.0000 c
368.0000 K
203.0000 F
laju alir
40.0000 kg/jam
88.1840 lb/jam
-11427227.2465
-10830874.5382
Menghitung T LMTD
fluida
203.0000 T tinggi
158.0000 Trendah
45.0000
Tlmtd=
65.2958 F
Tc = Tavg = (T1 + T2)/2
tc = tavg = (t1 + t2)/2
NTU
NTU
Maka FT adalah=
0.6892
0.9900
delta TM
64.6429
Menentukan UD dan NT
Dari tabel 8, Kern, hal 840 diperoleh untuk Heavey oragnik dan staem memiliki harga range UD =
Asumsi : UD =
30.0000
Q
TLMTD
-5584.9794
UD
L
F
U
Q
c
L
Q
U
d
U
.
L
t
h
U
D
c
A
U
d
t
a
i
r p
i
4
A
F
a
f
G
F
i
a
L
2
2
D
e
a
"
1
4
4
Jumlah plate
-1303.7335
actual 20 %
-1564.4802
69
0.0042
T1
t2
Fluida panas
T in
120.2000 c
393.2000 K
248.3600 F
T out
120.2000 c
393.2000 K
248.3600 F
laju alir
40.0000 kg/jam
88.1840 lb/jam
kj/jam
Btu/jam
fluida panas
temp diff
248.3600
248.3600
0.0000
248.3600 F
180.5000 F
F
-45.3600 t2
-90.3600 t1
45.0000 t2 t1
CPO panas
Cpo dingin
plate
139 plate
plate
166 plate
0.0049
0.8596
p
.
T2
t1
2.2046 lb
1 kg =
1 kJ =
0.947813 Btu
1 m2
t2/t1
ln t2/t1
1.9920634921
10.7640 ft2
0.6891710322
250-500
c
p
.
F
p
P
p
W/m2 C
0.0966 m2
1.0397 ft2
0.3980 m2
4.2838 ft2
F
p
1
4
Ukuran Plate
1 m (meter) =
ft
ft
3.2808
TLMTD Terkoreksi , Tm
Faktor koreksi, Ft, merupakan fungsi dari Number of Transfer Unit (NTU) dan
pola aliran dari HE yang hendak dirancang. Hubungan dari Ft dengan NTU dan pola
aliran disajikan dalam Gambar C.2.4 . NTU ini dihitung dari B yang memiliki nilai
maksimum.
ft
Reaktor buble
chimi
Atas dasar US Patent 4.291.002, reaksi antara ammonium hidroksida dan carbon dioksida
berlangsung pada suhu 30 C dan tekanan 4 atm dengan residence time sampai 10 menit.
dan menurut reksi pseodo order
reaksi
asumsi H2O berlebihdan NH3 berekasi secara sempurna
sehingga waktu reaksi asumsi diabaikan
NH4OH +
NACL +
CO2
NH4HCO3
menurut frogment
rA + rC + r E =
jika keadaan tetap mka reaktan akan hilang dan pembentukan produk maka pendekat
.-Ra setara rE
sehingga mengitung volume
kg/jam
13841.1595
13.9107
33645.8750
8548.9515
total
56049.8966
BM campuran=
densitas liquid
23.8493
1
wi
L=
e^(wi*ln)
kg/jam
H2O
CO2
total
pG =
87.4374
10747.2533
10834.6907
BM P
R T
4.0000
30.0000
6.9971
e^(wi*ln)
Massa CO2
244.2558 mo/jam
FAO=
244.2558 v1=
FBO=
FCO
244.2558 V2=
236.6010
CnolCO2
NH4OH
CnolNaCl brin solu
r=
massa total
densitas campuran
0.1540 kmol/m3
0.1540 kmol/m3
0.1492 kmol/m3
C AC B
1
k
1
1
k2
k 2 kC CC
dimana :
QB=
QC=
e=
5-10
h/d=
G
f
YA2
Y A1
dYA
rA
Ya2
Ya1
YA 2
G
f
YA2
Y A1
dYA
C AC B
1
k
1
1
k2
k 2 kC CC
Y A1
1
k
1
1
dYA
k2
k 2 kC CC
C AC B
YA 2
Y A1
1
k
1
1
dYA
C
(
k2
k2 k
AO C YA )
C
(1 YA )
C AO (1 YA ) C AO ( B YA )
.
(1 YA )
(1 YA )
YA 2
Y A1
1
k
1
1
dYA
k2
k 2 k . C AO ( C YA )
C
(1 YA )
2
C AO (1 YA )( B YA )
(1 YA ) 2
YA 2
Y A1
YA 2
dYA
C AC B
1
k
1
1
k2
k 2 kC CC
k
1
(1 YA ) 2 dYA
1
k 2 k . C AO (C YA )
k2
C
(1 YA )
2
C AO (1 YA )( B YA )
YA 2
k2
Y A1
k 2 k . C AO ( C YA )
C
(1 YA )
2
C AO (1 YA )( B YA )
(1 YA ) 2
dYA
YA 2
k
1
(1 YA ) 2 dYA
1
C
(
Y
)
k 2 k . AO
k2
C
A
(1 YA )
2
C AO (1 YA )( B YA )
Y A1
YA 2
k
(1 YA )
2
1
(1 YA ) dYA
k 2 kC .C AO ( C YA )
k2
Y A1
C AO (1 YA )( B YA )
D AL
117,3.10 1 8 M
0 ,6
Vm
Keterangan :
: Association parameter =1
M : Berat molekul larutan, kg/kmol
T : Temperatur, K
: Viskositas larutan, kg/m.s
Vm : Volume molal zat terlarut, m3/kgmol
d b
6 do L
g
Keterangan :
db : Diameter gelembung, m
do : Diameter oriffice =
L : Tegangan muka cairan
g : Percepatan grafitasi, m/s2
: Densitas (cairan-gas), kg/m3
Menentukan
gas pada
= (cairan-gas)
maka p=
Menghitung surface tension
Pch
10 12
Dimana:
L = surface tension, MJ/m2
Pch = sudgens parachor
L = densitas cairan, kg/m3
v = densitas saturated vapor, kg/m3
M = berat molekul
Dari Coulson, 1983, hal 258 dapat dicari nilai Pch:
LNH4OH =
db
db=
6 do L
g
kL
( 2 mm) 0,42
L g
kL(2mm)=
Kl=
d. Menentukan Bilangan Hatta
CAo = Konsentrasi liquid mula-mula
Cao=
M=
k C Ao D AB
2
kL
M=
M< 0,3 = Reaksi membutuhkan volume bulk liquid yang besar.
A.MenghitungParameterDesignReaktorGelembung
Berdasarkan Perrys Chemical engineering Hands Book, ada beberapa parameter design untuk reaktor gel
gas hold up (), superficial velocity (usg), dan Interfacial area ().
1. Diameter gelembung (db)
Telah dihitung di atas diperoleh db =
3
b
g
8,268
Q6/5=
Q
b. Menetukan diameter hole
D0
db 3 x ( L g ) xg
6
db 3 x ( L g ) xg
6
D0
maka UsG=
3 Gas hold up ()
Untuk menghitung gas hold up(), dapat digunakan persamaan :
L.Usg
1.2
1/ 4
1/ 2
Usg
L.g
L
1/ 4
e=
4. Interfacial Area
Untuk menghitung interfacial area dapat digunakan persamaan sebagai berikut :
()=
6
d b
()=
Nilai () interfacial area yang diperoleh, masuk dalam range () di reaktor gelembung
Berdasarkan Levenspiel (1999), untuk mengetahui apakah reaktor bubble sudah sesu
reaksi tersebut, dapat dilihat dari faktor-faktor berikut
a. Untuk bubble reaktor, jenis alirannya adalah plug flow untuk gas dan mixed flow unt
b. kG dan kL, untuk reaktor bubble, nilai kL harus lebih besar daripada kG, hal ini dibu
kG =
kL
H
di mana H : Konstanta henry H2
kG =
D=
maka tinggi reaktor adalah
Berdasarkan Froment, hal 726 untuk 0,45; 0,03 < usg < 0,4 m/s; Dr > 0,15 m, mak
rasio Z/dr adalah 0,3 < Z/Dr < 3.
a. Menentukan Sparger Ring
Dr =
=
usg =
Z=
z/Dr
Ditetapkan diameter sparger ring, Ds = 40 % Dr
Ds=
Luas plate sparger (Ls) :
Ls
Ds 2
4
Do
db
L G
6,028
maka :
Do=
Jadi luas tiap hole :
A hole=
Direncanakan triangular pitch dengan jarak ke pusat
C = 1,5 Do
C=
Tinggi
(h) C sin 60 o
Luas segitiga
Ratio luas
C h
Luas lubang
Luas pitch
Ratio luas
Luas lubang
Luas pitch
Jumlah
hole
ts
P ri
f 0,6 P
Keterangan :
ts = Tebal shell, in
P = Tekanan operasi, Psi
f = Allowable Stresss, Psi
Dr = Diameter reaktor, in
E = Efisiensi Pengelasan
C = Tebal korosi (0,2 in)
Bahan konstruksi stain less stelll 167 grade 3, tipe 304, f = 18750 psi
E = 80 % (double-welded butt joint)
C = 0,125 in
Tekanan desain 5 -10 % di atas tekanan kerja normal/absolut (Coulson, 1988 hal. 637
Tekanan desain yang dipilih 10% diatasnya:
Poperasi = 1 atm = 14,7 psia
Phid. =
mix =
P.r c .w
C
2fE 0,2P
Dimana :
1
4
rc
icr
w=
maka th=
maka stnadar yang digunakan
maka untuk th=
2. Depth of dish (b)
Berdasarkan Brownel & Young hal.87 didapat :
a=ID/2
BC=rc-icr
AB=a-icr
b rc
BC 2 AB 2
b=
3. Tinggi Head (OA)
OA = th + b + sf
OA=
4. Tinggi reaktor
Tinggi reaktor = tinggi shell + (2 x tinggi head(OA))
tinggi reaktor
Coil spiral
Massa minyak
Data Minyak pada 260 C dengan didinginkan sampe 110 C
p
Cp
k
Pemilihan pipa standar (Tabel. 11, Kern) :
Dipilih tube :
OD
ID
at
a
NPS =
w
a 't
Gtot =
Fluks Massa Tiap Set Koil
c vc
Gi =
G c ,tot
Nc
Gi
G c ,tot
Gi , kor
Nc
Vc ,cek
Gi
JH
k
ID
Cp
1/3
0,14
D i koil
D spiralkoil
D i koil
D spiralkoil
Diketahui diameter spiral atau heliks koil = 0,7 0,8 Dt (Rase, 1977)
Dspiral koil=
maka hio=
Koefisien transfer panas fluida sisi luar tube:
ho
k
0,36.
De
0,55
De.G
ho=
Uc =
h o h io
h o h io
ud untuk minyak
UD
Dirt factor, Rd
UC UD
U C .U D
Rd =
T LMTD
T2
- t1
ln
Q
UD t
A=
Jarak Antar Pusat Koil (Jsp)
Jsp = 2 x Odkoil
Panjang Satu Putaran Heliks Koil (Lhe)
T1
T2 - t 1
T1 - t 2
- t
Cp.
Lhe 1 / 2. .rhe 1 / 2. .d he
2
Lh e 1 / 2 ( d he
J
2
sp
)1 /
1 / 2 .d h e
dhe=diameter spiral
Lhe=
Panjang Koil Tiap Set (Lci)
Lci
A
at"
N pc
Lci
Lhe
/ 4(OD)2 Lci)
Tinggi koil harus lebih kecil daripada tinggi cairan setelah ditambah koil agar seluruh koil tercelup dalam cai
hL
V reaktor V koil
(
hL =
DR
)
0.8740
WeldB
OD
WeldB
WeldB
n
do
di
y pm
y p(m 1)
do
di
do di
N
2
Y M max
fa B
C
D
B
.-k1CACB
kiCACB.-K2CCCD
k2CCCD
Produk
NaHCO3
NH4CL
0.0000
tan akan hilang dan pembentukan produk maka pendekatan akan ekivalen dengan :
dan rC setara dengan nol.
V=Fao .xA /-rA
V=FaO.x/k1CACB
atau
53.9368
kmol/jam
wi
kg/m3
236.6010
0.1023
1869.2153
244.2558
0.1007
0.0000
0.7954
0.1039
2165.0000
2960.0000
997.0800
880.0000
2350.1743
1.0000
7002.0800
Kg/kmol
1039.1774 kg/m3
64.8447
1.1253 cp
kmol/jam
0.0011
wi
kg/m3
4.8576
244.2558
249.1134
Volume
0.0195
0.9805
1.0000
997.0800
6.9971
1004.0771
1518.2493
0.0821 m3.atm/kmol.K
43.4930 Kg/Kmol
atm
c
303.0000 K
kg/m3
0.4366 lb/ft3
0.0149 cp
0.0000
65.2813 lb/ft3
10.3565 m3/jam
1585.8920 m3.jam
538.4827 lb/jam
a total
campuran
XA=
63.9325 m3/jam
5.4107 m3/jam
4.0708 m3/jam
0.8000
NaHCO3 + NH4Cl
C dari CO2
C dari NH3
k2
kh2o.k2/k-1
kapp
7.5000 m3/mol.s
2.60E-06 m6/mol2.s
0.0021 /s
1.0000 1/k2
0.9687 1/(kh2o.k2/k-1)*CAO
-0.3333 Cao2
0.000000037
0.00069367
0.0237
Y A1
f=
A
D=
dYA
C AC B
1
k
1
1
k2
k 2 kC CC
0.9686
2.9186
1.9282
0.0000
0.5000
standar
k
(1 YA )
1
k 2 kC .C AO (C YA )
k2
YA
0.0000
0.2000
0.4000
0.6000
0.8000
0.0007161493
0.0008423139
0.0010572236
0.0015053118
0.0062023669
YA
(1 YA ) 2 dYA
YA )
YA 2
Y A1
k 1
1
(1 YA ) 2 dYA
C
(
Y
)
k 2 k . AO
k2
C
A
=
C
(1 YA )
2
C AO (1 YA )( B YA )
h
f ( X 0 ) 4 f ( X1) 2 f ( X 2 ) 4 f ( X 3 ) f ( X
3
YA
YA 2
Y A1
k 1
1
(1 YA ) 2 dYA
k 2 k . C AO ( C YA )
k2
C
(1 YA )
2
C AO (1 YA )( B YA )
0.8076
(1 YA ) dYA
2
h=
YA )
16.8533
55.2931
56.0000
17.0688
standarisasi
1 YA ) dYA
2
YA )
L/D
G=
f
4.3702
85.3538
0.9686
h
Volume liquid
207.7171 m3
HL
16.8533 m
215854.9677 kg
117,3.10 1 8 M
0 ,6
Vm
0 ,5
rut, m3/kgmol
son, diperoleh :
do L
0.0340 m3/kmol
0.0189 m3/kmol
0.0529 m3/kmol
8.99748108101236E-010 m2/s
10.0000 mm standard
T=
P=
303.0000 K
4.0000 atm
1032.1803 kg/m3
64.4080 lb/ft3
1.0322
10 12
112.2000
556.0254 mJ/m2
556.0254 dyne/cm
6 do L
g
0.0092 m
0.9243 cm
9.2434 mm
0,42
L g
L D AL
0.0003 m/s
0.0012 m/s
0.0027
0.1540 kmol/m3
Ao
kL
D AB
1.92487994412095E-007
kan volume bulk liquid yang besar.
s Book, ada beberapa parameter design untuk reaktor gelembung yaitu : diameter gelembung (db),
rfacial area ().
0.0092
0.9243
9.2434
adalah laju volume aliran gas dibagi dengan luas area tiap lubang (treyball hal 143)
g
8,268
18.6964
11.4761 cm3/s
D0
db 3 x ( L g ) xg
6
18.6962
db 3 x ( L g ) xg
6
D0
0.0100 m
1.0000 cm
10.0000 mm
0.7850 cm2
14.6192 cm/s
0.1462 m/s
526.2923
Usg
L.g
L
1/ 4
0.1983
(Perry, 1997)
1.2870 /cm
128.6996
g diperoleh, masuk dalam range () di reaktor gelembung yaitu 40 600 m2/m3 sehingga memenuhi.
58.0000
0.0212
1.9282 m tandarin
6.3261 ft
H=
0.0000
0.0000
26 untuk 0,45; 0,03 < usg < 0,4 m/s; Dr > 0,15 m, maka
3.9624 m
7.0000 ft
0.1983
0.1462 m/s
11.8872 m
3.0000
r ring, Ds = 40 % Dr
1.9282 m
2.8000 ft
Ds 2
4
2.9186 m2
6.1544 ft2
L G
028
Keterangan :
Do = Diameter hole, cm
db = Diameter bubble, cm
L = Densitas liquid, gr/cm3
G = Densitas gas, gr/cm3
= Tegangan permukaan liquid
g = Percepatan gravitasi, 980 cm/det2
1.0000 cm
0.7850 cm2
C h
Luas lubang
Luas pitch
1.2990 cm
0.9743
0.8057
Luas lubang
Luas pitch
rasio luas x luas plate spager
ole
4.9588 ft2
0.4588 m2
4588.1292 cm2
5844.7506
5845.0000
mi x
g
.
g
c
144
P=
hL
65.2813 lb/ft3
1046.1746
16.8533 m
55.2931 ft
25.0667 psi
92.2534 psi
6.2757 atm
0.5695 in
IDs + 2.ts
3.9942 m
157.2500 in
2P
157.2500 in
0.6250 in
distandaeisasi
10.1250 in
144.0000 in
rc
icr
w = stress-intensitication factor
ng hal.87 didapat :
1.6928
1.2371
1.9812 m
133.8750 in
67.8750 in
78.0000
28.6072 in
0.7266 m
0.1100
0.0874
0.0024
6698103.0972 lbm/ft2.jam
1860.5842
6.5616
323.3691 lb/s.ft2
1164128.9389 lb/jam.ft2
5.7537 dibulatkan
6.0000
1116350.5162 lb/jam.ft2
22652.2708 ft/jam
6.2923 ft/s
1.9179 m/s
am pipa adalah :
39063.7207
DiG c ,tot
39063.7207
0.8600
Cp
1/3
0,14
628.8027 Btu/ft2.hr.oF
540.7703
429.7485 Btu/jam.ft2.o F
pipa
1 3,5
D i koil
D spiralkoil
pipa
1 3,5
D i koil
D spiralkoil
2.2966 ft
0.7000
612.8135 Btu/ft2.hr.oF
0 , 55
De.G
Cp.
(Kern, 1950)
UD
.U D
0.0045
F
High temperatur
low temperatur
t1
T1
T2 - t 1
T1 - t 2
- t
cold fluid
Temp. diff
121.9900
86.0000
35.9900
378.0000
213.9900
164.0100
288.2603
Qc=
0.2200 ft
0.0671 m
putaran data
rhe 1 / 2. .d he
2
( d he
J
2
sp
)1 /
1 / 2 .d h e
2.2966 ft
7.2277 ft
9.6639 ft
2.9456 m
1.3371 putaran
3.0000
3.9600 ft
1.2070 m
0.0918 ft3
0.0026 m3
setelah ditambah koil agar seluruh koil tercelup dalam cairan.
0.2664 m
0.8740 ft
ft > Lc (
Fv
G
mix
Fv
A
N Re
mix v ID
mix
Fv
G
mix
Fv
A
N Re
Fv
mix v ID
mix
G
mix
Fv
A
N Re
mix v ID
mix
Fv
G
mix
Fv
A
N Re
Fv
mix v ID
mix
G
mix
Fv
A
N Re
mix v ID
mix
Fv
G
mix
Fv
A
N Re
WeldB
OD
WeldB
mix v ID
mix
Gasket
W
hG
R
hT
HG
HT
hD
go
g1
G
g1/2
A
B
T=
E
F
cP
wi/
2.1000
10.0000
0.8937
1.9750
0.0000
0.0000
0.0008
0.0001
14.9687
0.0010
FaO=
v1o=
lb/ft3
m assa
t ot al
densit as cam puran
CaO=
kg/ms
cP
wi/
0.0095
0.0150
0.0245
0.0000
0.1401
0.1401
m assa
t ot al
densit as cam puran
kg/ms
1046.1746 kg/m3
volumetrik CO2
volumetrik NH4OH
420.0000
27000000 m3/kmoljam
9360.0000 m6/kmol2jam
7.5600 /jam
m2
m
3.8564 m
12.6522 ft
13.0000 ft , R
3.9624 m
156.0016 in
(1 YA ) (1+eYa)2
.C AO (C YA )
C AO (1 YA )( B YA )
k 1
(1 YA )
2
(1 YA )
k 2 kC .C AO (C YA )
k2
2
1.0000000
0.8711111
0.7511111
0.6400000
0.4946778
delta Y
4 f ( X 1 ) 2 f ( X 2 ) 4 f ( X 3 ) f ( X 4 )
0.0237
0.0152
0.0085
0.0038
0.0002870303
0.2000
C AO (1 YA )( B YA )
4.3077
m
ft
ft
m
0.0100 m
g/cm3
(Froment : 726)
dm/s
m
cm
mm
m/jam
/m
atm dm3/mol
m
ft
2.1336 m
7.0000 ft
84.0009 in
standarin
mukaan liquid
vitasi, 980 cm/det2
cm2
hole
hole
4.0000 atm
58.8000 psi
kg/m3
0.6250
th =
icr =
r =
OD =
ID =
b =
OA =
sf =
168.0000 in
Young didapat :
g,1959,hal. 258)
1.2500 in
4.0000 in
0.3333 ft
in
12.94
0.2609
1.2
0.354
8000.0000 kg/jam
49.2821
2.4981
2.6800
0.1575
ft
ft
ft2/tube
lbm/ft2.s
ft/s
set koil
------------->
maka nilai jH =
Btu/ft2.hr.oF
100.0000
1m
3.2808
F
t2
t1
t2 t1
t2/t1
1.7664
11427227.2465
2285445.4493 KJ/jam
2166174.9076 Btu/jam
361029.1513 Btu/jam
putaran
303.0000
wi*ln
viskositas NH4OH
C
volume(m3)/jam
0.0000
30.0000
0.0747
6.3931
40.0000
0.0001
0.0047
-0.0894
33.7444
0.0707
9.7147
0.0561
49.8570
244.2558 mol/jam
53.9368 m3/jam
m assa
t ot al
nsit as campuran
4.5286 mol/m3
wi*ln
volume(m3)/jam
-0.0908
-4.1178
-4.2086
0.0877
1535.9473
1536.0350
m assa
t ot al
nsit as campuran
asumsi waktu reaksi pertama sesudah co2 bereaksi dengan nh4oh tingg
output
NaCl
CaSO4
H2O
CO2
total
13841.1595
13.9107
33733.3124
10747.2533
58335.6359
Vo
NaCl
CaSO4
H2O
CO2
total
NH4HCO3
809.2209
0.8133
1972.2121
628.3362
3410.5825
15436.9638
1
wi
detik
Produk
output
NaCl
CaSO4
H2O
NH4Cl
NaHCO3
NH4HCO3
NH4OH
total
CO2
total
v NH4HCO3
FaNH4HCO3
maka C NH4HCO3
NH
6.0000 ft
72.0007 in
k 1
(1 YA )
2
(1 YA )
k 2 kC .C AO (C YA )
k2
2
C AO (1 YA )( B YA )
0.0302
0.0483
0.0930
0.2538
10.6894
1
wi
kg/jam
2768.2319
13.9107
33733.3124
10126.5235
15899.5884
483.7795
1709.7903
64735.1367
2149.4507
66884.5874
(dyne/cm)
A
NaCl
CaSO4
H2O
NH4OH
T
201.3300
132.6740
sigma
NaCl
CaSO4
H2O
NH4OH
175.0617 (dyne/cm)
1.6530 (dyne/cm)
72.5870 (dyne/cm)
303.0000
303.0000
303.0000
303.0000
kL = kL (2 mm) 500 db
KL=
0.0012 m/s
1.0668 m
3.5000 ft
#REF! m
56.0000 ft
1640.4000
0.3750
0.3125
0.2500
Tebal insulattion
Thermal conductivity zirconia (k1 ,2200 oC) = 0,002 kW/m.oC
k insulasi
T1
Tref
Q
Odshell
Odinsulasi
0.0020
30.0000
25.0000
866135.5014
168.0000
q
k
( T )
A
x
Ashell
2461.7350
in
0.0095
0.9467
0.3727
0.0159 m
tebal head, in
inside corner radius, in
radius of dish, in
outside diameter, in
inside diameter, in
depth of dish, in
overall dimension, in
standard straight flange, in
lb/ft3
cp=
Btu/lboF
Btu/jam.ft.oF
0.6315
lb/ft.jam
16000.0000 lb/jam
lb/ft3
lb/fts
Kj/Kg K
W/m K
0.6401 Btu/lb F
n data
ft
250-500
BTU ft2jamF
ln t2/t1
0.5690
kern
Alat
Fungsi
Bentuk
Kapasitas
Dimensi
Sparger
Tekanan desain
Bahan konstruksi
Jumlah
cp
2.8000
1.9750
1.7000
2265000.0000
0.4487
8.7179
k=
t
sudah co2 bereaksi dengan nh4oh tinggal bahan2 berikut dalam larutan
wi
kmol/jam
kg/m3
236.6010
0.1005
2165.0000
0.1023
0.0000
2960.0000
1874.0729
0.7958
997.0800
244.2558
0.1037
1.8000
2355.0320
1.0000
6123.8800
195.4046
1
wi
0.8000
17.1043 kg/m3
1580.0000 kg/m3
cP
2.1000
10.0000
0.8937
0.0150
13.0087
1
wi
kmol/jam
47.3202
0.1023
1874.0729
189.2808
189.2808
6.1238
48.8512
2355.0320
48.8512
2403.8831
0.4624 m3/jam
6.1238 kmol/jam
13.2427 kmol/m3
f(x) =
R = 0
1 AX A
A ln 1 X A
1 X A
07
06
05
04
03
02
01
00
000
t
Yaws,
Tc
sigma
3400.0000
1.4978
647.1300
0.9550
175.0617 (dyne/cm)
1.6530 dyne/ cm
72.5870 (dyne/cm)
#REF! in
1.5-3
sama
1.5-2.5
ft2
m
cm
in
240593.1948 j/s
13.9999 ft
240.5932
354512.5271 in2
227.7743 m2
standar
0.3750 in
umn dengan head berbentuk Torispherical head. yang dilengkapi dengan Coil pendingin dengan media pendingin berupa air pendingin
#REF! m3
3.9942 m
18.7887 m
0.6250 in
1.2500 in
1.0000 cm
92.2534 psi
eel SA 283 grade C
1
wi
0.0075 /s
wi/
m3/jam
0.0000
0.0000
0.0008
0.0576
0.0585
0.0005
6.3931
0.0047
33.8321
5970.6963
6010.9262
1/(1-x)
50.0000
Ln1/(1-x)
3.9120
26.9241 /jam
07
06
05
04
03
02
01
00
000
000
t
000
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