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Linda Seger

CRÉER DES
PERSONNAGES
INOUBLIABLES

Creating Unforgettable Characters


Première édition américaine
publiée par Henry Holt and Company, New York

Traduit de l'américain par Philippe Perret


À mes parents Agnes et Linus Seger
et mes sœurs Holly et Barbara

,6%1ᆆ
TABLE DES MATIÈRES

PRÉFACE ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 7
&+$3,75(,ၿ,19(67,*$7,216685/(3(56211$*( …………………………… 11
,଀,19(67,*$7,21*e1e5$/((7,19(67,*$7,2163e&,),48( ………………………… 
,,଀/·(19,5211(0(17 …………………………………………………………………………………………… 
,,,଀/(6,1)/8(1&(6&8/785(//(6 ……………………………………………………………………… 
,9଀/$3e5,2'(+,6725,48( ………………………………………………………………………………… 
9଀/(/,(8 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 
9,଀/·,1)/8(1&('(/$352)(66,21 …………………………………………………………………… 
9,,଀/·,19(67,*$7,2163e&,),48( ………………………………………………………………………… 
9,,,଀/(66(&5(76'(/·,19(67,*$7,2163e&,),48( …………………………………………… 
,;଀48(/7(036&216$&5(5­/·,19(67,*$7,21ᆆ" …………………………………………… 
;଀81&$6'·e78'(ᆆ*25,//(6'$16/$%580( ……………………………………………… 
;,଀$33/,&$7,21 …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 
;,,଀&21&/86,21 …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 

&+$3,75(ၿ'e),1,7,21'83(56211$*(
&2+e5(1&((73$5$'2;( ……………………………………………………………………… 29
,଀3$52Õ&200(1&(5ᆆ" ……………………………………………………………………………………… 
,,଀/·2%6(59$7,21 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 
,,,଀,17e*5(5/·2%6(59$7,21 ……………………………………………………………………………… 
,9଀/$'(6&5,37,213+<6,48( …………………………………………………………………………… 
9଀/(&°85'83(56211$*( ……………………………………………………………………………… 
9,଀/(63$5$'2;(6 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 
9,,଀9$/(856$77,78'(6(7e027,216 ……………………………………………………………… 
9,,,଀/·$-287'('e7$,/6 ……………………………………………………………………………………… 
,;଀&$6'·e78'(ᆆ-$&..,//,$1/
+200($80,&52 ……………………………………… 
;଀$33/,&$7,21 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 
;,଀&21&/86,21 …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 

&+$3,75(ၿ3$66e'83(56211$*( ………………………………………………… 51
,଀48
$721%(62,1'(&211$Í75('83$66eᆆ" ……………………………………………… 
,,଀48(5e9Ë/(/(3$66eᆆ" ……………………………………………………………………………………… 
,,,଀48('2,7215e9e/(5'83$66eᆆ" ………………………………………………………………… 
,9଀/(3$66e'$16/(6520$16 ………………………………………………………………………… 
9଀/(3$66e'$16/(66e5,(67e/e9,6e(6 …………………………………………………………… 
9,଀48(//(66,78$7,2163(89(17)$,5($33(/$83$66eᆆ" …………………………… 
9,,଀&$6'·e78'(ᆆ0853+<%52:1 …………………………………………………………………… 
9,,,଀$33/,&$7,21 …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 
,;଀&21&/86,21 …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 

&+$3,75(ၿ36<&+2/2*,('83(56211$*( …………………………………… 65
,଀&200(17/(ª3$66e,17e5,(85«'e),1,7/(3(56211$*( ……………………… 
,,଀&200(17/·,1&216&,(17'e7(50,1(/(3(56211$*( …………………………… 
,,,଀/(6',))e5(1767<3(6'(3(56211$/,7e6 ………………………………………………… 
,9଀&200(1781&203257(0(17,1+$%,78(/'e),1,7813(56211$*( …… 
9଀81&$6'·e78'(ᆆ'(6*(16&200(/(6$875(6 ………………………………………… 
9,଀$33/,&$7,21 …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 
9,,଀&21&/86,21 …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 

&+$3,75(ၿ5(/$7,216(175(/(63(56211$*(6 …………………………… 89
,଀&200(17e48,/,%5(5$775$&7,21(7&21)/,7 ………………………………………… 
,,଀/(&2175$67('$16/(65(/$7,216(175(/(63(56211$*(6 ……………… 
,,,଀2Õ75289(721'8&21)/,7ᆆ" …………………………………………………………………… 
,9଀/·,1)/8(1&('(63(56211$*(6 …………………………………………………………………… 
9଀&5e(5'(63(56211$*(6(187,/,6$17&(6e/e0(176 ………………………… 
9,଀/(75,$1*/($0285(8; ……………………………………………………………………………… 
9,,଀&$6'·e78'(ᆆ&+((56 ………………………………………………………………………………… 
9,,,଀$33/,&$7,21 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 
,;଀&21&/86,21 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 

&+$3,75(ၿ/(63(56211$*(66(&21'$,5(6 ……………………………… 113


,଀/$)21&7,21'83(56211$*(6(&21'$,5( …………………………………………… 
,,଀/(63(56211$*(66(&21'$,5(6$33257(17&28/(85(77(;785( …… 
,,,଀3$5$&+(9(5/(3(56211$*( …………………………………………………………………… 
,9଀/$&5e$7,21'8ª0e&+$17« …………………………………………………………………… 
9଀&$6'
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9,଀$33/,&$7,21 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 
9,,଀&21&/86,21 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 

&+$3,75(ၿ/(',$/2*8( ………………………………………………………………… 135


,଀48
(67&(48(/(62867(;7(ᆆ" …………………………………………………………………… 
,,଀48
(67&(48
810$89$,6',$/2*8(ᆆ" …………………………………………………… 
,,,଀/(67(&+1,48(63285$%25'(5/(',$/2*8( ……………………………………… 
,9଀&$6'
e78'(ᆆ-8/(6)(,))(5 ………………………………………………………………………… 
9଀$33/,&$7,21 …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 
9,଀&21&/86,21 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 

&+$3,75(ၿ/(63(56211$*(6,0$*,1$,5(6 ………………………………… 159


,଀/(63(56211$*(66<0%2/,48(6 ………………………………………………………………… 
,,଀/(63(56211$*(6121+80$,16 ……………………………………………………………… 
,,,଀/(63(56211$*(6'()$17$,6,( ………………………………………………………………… 
,9଀/(63(56211$*(60<7+,48(6 ………………………………………………………………… 
9଀&$6'·e78'(ᆆ/·+,672,5(6$16),1,, ………………………………………………………… 
9,଀$33/,&$7,21 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 
9,,଀&21&/86,21 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 

&+$3,75(ၿ&200(17e9,7(5/(667e5e27<3(6 …………………………… 179


,଀&200(17&$66(5/(667e5e27<3(6 …………………………………………………………… 
,,଀&200(17',0(16,211(5&(65Ñ/(6 ……………………………………………………… 
,,,଀&$6'·e78'(ᆆ/(6/80,1$6$:$5'6
 3285/(6)(00(6'$16/(6),/06 …………………………………………………………… 
,9଀$33/,&$7,21 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 
9଀&21&/86,21 …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 

&+$3,75(ၿ5e628'5(/(6352%/Ë0(6
326e63$5/(63(56211$*(6 ………………………………………………………… 189
,଀/(63(56211$*(6$17,3$7+,48(6 ……………………………………………………………… 
,,଀/(63(56211$*(6,1&2035e+(16,%/(6 …………………………………………………… 
,,,଀/(63(56211$*(675239$*8(6 ……………………………………………………………… 
,9଀/(63(56211$*(6121&200(5&,$8; …………………………………………………… 
9଀352%/Ë0(6$9(&/(63(56211$*(66(&21'$,5(6 ………………………………… 
9,଀352%/Ë0('(5e&,728352%/Ë0('(3(56211$*(ᆆ" …………………………… 
9,,଀7(&+1,48(632856850217(5&(6352%/Ë0(6 ………………………………… 
9,,,଀&$6'
e78'(ᆆ'(1<6),1&++$7721
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$)5,48( ……………………………………… 
,;଀$33/,&$7,21 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 
;଀&21&/86,21 …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 

e3,/2*8( …………………………………………………………………………………………… 199


%,2*5$3+,( ……………………………………………………………………………………… 203
5(0(5&,(0(176 ……………………………………………………………………………… 205
7

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8 |ऋPRÉFACE

Liaisons), La Ménagerie de verre (The Glass Menagerie)SRXUOHVSLqFHVGH


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fatale (Lethal Weapon) et Piège de cristal (Die Hard),RXGHVÀOPVG·KRUUHXU
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personnages.
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PRÉFACE |9

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une intrigue secondaire forte. J’ai pu cependant trouver ces informations dans
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