Chapitre 2: Redresseurs

Convertisseur AC/DC
 Introduction
Le redressement permet d’obtenir un courant unidirectionnel à partir d’une

source alternative, principalement monophasée ou triphasée.

On distingue deux types :

 l’opérateur n’a pas la possibilité de régler la valeur moyenne U de la tension

de sortie. Le convertisseur est non commandé. C’est le cas des redresseurs à

diodes.

 l’opérateur a la possibilité de régler la valeur moyenne U de la tension de

sortie. Le convertisseur est commandé. C’est le cas des redresseurs à thyristors.

 Redresseurs mono-alternances
Half-Wave Rectifiers
En pratique, le redresseur mono-alternance est utilisé le plus souvent dans les
applications à faible puissance.

Bien qu’en pratique les applications de ce circuit sont limitées, il est très
intéressant d'analyser ce type de redresseur en détail.

La compréhension des redresseurs mono-alternances nous permettra d'avancer

dans l'analyse de circuits plus compliqués avec un minimum d'effort.
Redresseurs non commandés mono-alternances
Redressement non commandé
Redressement non commandé
Redressement non commandé
LES REDRESSEURS MONOPHASES NON COMMANDES

Redressement simple alternance: charge résistive

Tension efficace Eq (3-3)

Tension moyenne: Eq (3-2)
LES REDRESSEURS MONOPHASES NON COMMANDES

Redressement simple alternance: charge résistive

Exemple

For the half-wave rectifier of Fig.1, the source is a sinusoid of 120 V rms at a frequency of
60 Hz. The load resistor is 5 Ω. Determine (a) the average load current, (b) the average
power absorbed by the load and (c) the power factor of the circuit.

Fig.1
LES REDRESSEURS MONOPHASES NON COMMANDES

Redressement simple alternance: charge résistive

Solution
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Redressement simple alternance: charge inductive-résistive (RL)

Eq (3-4)

Eq (3-5)
if: Réponse forcée

Eq (3-6)

In: Réponse naturelle

Eq (3-7) τ= L/R

Eq (3-8)

A: dépend des conditions initiales

LES REDRESSEURS MONOPHASES NON COMMANDES

Redressement simple alternance: charge inductive-résistive (RL)

Eq (3-9)

Détermination de A:

Eq (3-10)

Eq (3-11)

Eq (3-12)
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Redressement simple alternance: charge inductive-résistive (RL)

Détermination de l’angle d’extinction β:

Eq (3-13)

Eq (3-14)

Solution numérique
En résumé:

Eq (3-15)
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Redressement simple alternance: charge inductive-résistive (RL)

Valeur moyenne de i:

Valeur efficace de i:
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Redressement simple alternance: charge inductive-résistive (RL)

LES REDRESSEURS MONOPHASES NON COMMANDES

Redressement simple alternance: charge inductive-résistive (RL)

Exemple 2:

For the half-wave rectifier of Fig.2, R = 100Ω , L = 0.1 H, ω= 377 rad/s, and
Vm=100 V. Determine (a) an expression for the current in this circuit, (b) the
average current, (c) the rms current, (d) the power absorbed by the RL load, and
(e) the power factor.

Fig.2
LES REDRESSEURS MONOPHASES NON COMMANDES

Redressement simple alternance: charge inductive-résistive (RL)

Solution
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Redressement simple alternance: charge inductive-résistive (RL)

Solution
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Redressement simple alternance: charge inductive-résistive (RL)

Solution
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Redressement simple alternance: charge inductive-résistive –Batterie (RLE): RL-SOURCE LOAD

La diode commence à conduire à partir de α :

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Redressement simple alternance: charge inductive-résistive –Batterie (RLE): RL-SOURCE LOAD

(3-19)

(3-20) (3-21)

(3-22)

(3-23)
LES REDRESSEURS MONOPHASES NON COMMANDES

Redressement simple alternance: charge inductive-résistive –Batterie (RLE): RL-SOURCE LOAD

(3-24)

(3-25)

(3-26)

The power supplied by the ac source (3-27)

or it can be computed from

(3-28)
LES REDRESSEURS MONOPHASES NON COMMANDES

Redressement simple alternance: charge inductive-résistive –Batterie (RLE): RL-SOURCE LOAD

EXEMPLE:

Half-Wave Rectifier with RL-Source Load For the circuit of Fig. a, R= 2Ω , L= 20 mH, and Vdc =
100 V. The ac source is 120 Vrms at 60 Hz. Determine (a) an expression for the current in the
circuit, (b) the power absorbed by the resistor, (c) the power absorbed by the dc source, and
(d) the power supplied by the ac source and the power factor of the circuit.
LES REDRESSEURS MONOPHASES NON COMMANDES

Redressement simple alternance: charge inductive-résistive –Batterie (RLE): RL-SOURCE LOAD

Solution:
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Redressement simple alternance: charge inductive-résistive –Batterie (RLE): RL-SOURCE LOAD

Solution:
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Redressement simple alternance: charge inductive-résistive –Batterie (RLE): RL-SOURCE LOAD

Solution:
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INDUCTOR-SOURCE LOAD (R-L)

(3-29)

(3-30)

(3-31)

(3-32)

(3-33)
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INDUCTOR-SOURCE LOAD (R-L)
EXEMPLE

Half-Wave Rectifier with Inductor-Source Load

For the circuit of Fig. 1, the ac source is 120 V rms at 60 Hz, L = 50 mH, and Vdc = 72 V.
Determine (a) an expression for the current, (b) the power absorbed by the dc source, and
(c) the power factor.

Fig.1
LES REDRESSEURS MONOPHASES NON COMMANDES
INDUCTOR-SOURCE LOAD (R-L)
SOLUTION
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INDUCTOR-SOURCE LOAD (R-L)
SOLUTION
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THE FREEWHEELING DIODE: Diode roue libre
Creating a DC Current
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THE FREEWHEELING DIODE: Diode roue libre
Creating a DC Current
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EXEMPLE:

Half-Wave Rectifier with Freewheeling Diode

Determine the average load voltage and current, and determine the power absorbed by the

resistor in the circuit of Fig. a, where R = 2Ω and L= 25 mH, Vm is 100 V, and the frequency is

60 Hz.
Solution:
Solution:
Solution:
LES REDRESSEURS MONOPHASES NON COMMANDES

EXEMPLE 2:
Half-Wave Rectifier with Freewheeling Diode: LR → ∞
For the half-wave rectifier with a freewheeling diode and RL load as shown in Fig. a, the
source is 240 V rms at 60 Hz and R= 8Ω . (a) Assume L is infinitely large. Determine the
power absorbed by the load and the power factor as seen by the source. Sketch vo, iD1,
and iD2. (b) Determine the average current in each diode. (c) For a finite inductance,
determine L such that the peak-to-peak current is no more than 10 percent of the average
current.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
Redresseurs commandés mono-alternances

Controlled Half-Wave Rectifier

Redressement commandé
Le thyristor

C’est un interrupteur semi-commandable. La commande externe n’agit que pour la

fermeture.
Structure, symbole

Un thyristor est un semi-conducteur à quatre couches PNPN assimilable à trois jonctions,

il constitue un interrupteur unidirectionnel à fermeture commandée. En plus de l’anode
et la cathode , il est muni d’un électrode de déblocage, appelé gâchette.
Redressement commandé
Redressement commandé
Redressement commandé

Fig.1
Redressement commandé

(2.1)

(2.2)
Redressement commandé
EXEMPLE:

Controlled Half-Wave Rectifier with Resistive Load

Design a circuit to produce an average voltage of 40 V across a 100Ω load resistor from

a 120-V rms 60-Hz ac source. Determine the power absorbed by the resistance and the

power factor.
Redressement commandé
SOLUTION:
If an uncontrolled half-wave rectifier is used, the average voltage will be Vm/ π=
120 √2/π= 54 V. Some means of reducing the average resistor voltage to the design
specification of 40 V must be found. A series resistance or inductance could be added to
an uncontrolled rectifier, or a controlled rectifier could be used. The controlled rectifier of
Fig. 1 has the advantage of not altering the load or introducing losses, so it is selected
for this application.
Equation (2-2) is rearranged to determine the required delay angle:
Equation (2-3) gives
Redressement commandé
RL Load

(2.3)

(2.4)

(2.5)

which must be solved numerically for β . The angle β-α is called the conduction angle γ .
Redressement commandé
RL Load

(2.6)

(2.7)

(2.8)
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EXEMPLE

Controlled Half-Wave Rectifier with RL Load

For the circuit of Fig. a, the source is 120 V rms at 60 Hz, R =20Ω , L= 0.04 H and the delay

angle is 45. Determine (a) an expression for i(t), (b) the average current,

(c) the power absorbed by the load, and (d) the power factor.
Redressement commandé
Solution

(2.4)
Redressement commandé
Solution

(b) Average current is determined from Eq. (2.7)

Redressement commandé
RL-Source Load

(2.9)

(2.10)
Redressement commandé
EXEMPLE

Controlled Rectifier with RL-Source Load

The controlled half-wave rectifier of Fig. 1 has an ac input of 120 V rms at 60 Hz, R=2Ω ,

L=20 mH, and Vdc=100 V. The delay angle is 45. Determine (a) an expression for the

current, (b) the power absorbed by the resistor, and (c) the power absorbed by the dc

source in the load.

Fig.1
Redressement commandé
SOLUTION

(2.9)

(2.10)
Redresseurs PD3 « THREE-PHASE FULL- BRIDGE RECTIFIERS »
Van  Vm sin t
2
Vbn  Vm sin(t  )
3
4
Vcn  Vm sin(t  )
3
Redresseurs PD3 « THREE-PHASE FULL- BRIDGE RECTIFIERS »

(4.41)
Redresseurs PD3 « THREE-PHASE FULL- BRIDGE RECTIFIERS »

vo  Vm, L L sin t For π/3<ωt<2π/3

The average or dc value of the output

voltage is:
(4.45)

Vm, L L  2VL L, RMS

Redresseurs PD3 « THREE-PHASE FULL- BRIDGE RECTIFIERS »

harmonique : 6kω± 1, k =1, 2, 3, . . . . Filtre pour supprimer les

harmoniques d’ordre 5 et 7
Redresseurs PD3 « THREE-PHASE FULL- BRIDGE RECTIFIERS »
Exemple:

Three-Phase Rectifier
The three-phase rectifier of Fig.1 has a three-phase source of 480 V rms line-to-line, and the
load is a 25-Ω resistance in series with a 50-mH inductance. Determine (a) the dc level of the
output voltage, (b) the dc and first ac term of the load current, (c) the average and rms
current in the diodes, (d) the rms current in the source, and (e) the apparent power from the
source.

Fig.1
Solution:
CONTROLLED THREE-PHASE RECTIFIERS

The average output voltage is:

(4.47)

Output voltage for α=45.

This equation shows that the

average output voltage is
reduced as the delay angle
increases.
CONTROLLED THREE-PHASE RECTIFIERS
Harmonics for the output voltage remain of order 6k, but the amplitudes are
functions of α. Figure 4.21 shows the first three normalized harmonic amplitudes.

Figure 1
CONTROLLED THREE-PHASE RECTIFIERS
EXEMPLE:
A Controlled Three-Phase Rectifier
A three-phase controlled rectifier has an input voltage which is 480 V rms at 60 Hz. The load
is modeled as a series resistance and inductance with R=10 Ω and L=50 mH. (a) Determine
the delay angle required to produce an average current of 50 A in the load. (b) Determine
the amplitude of harmonics n=6 and n=12.
CONTROLLED THREE-PHASE RECTIFIERS
SOLUTION:
The Three-Phase Converter Operating as an Inverter
REDRESSEUR TRIPHASE COMME ONDULEUR ASSISTE
The Three-Phase Converter Operating as an Inverter
REDRESSEUR TRIPHASE COMME ONDULEUR ASSISTE
EXEMPLE:

Three-Phase Bridge Operating as an Inverter

The six-pulse converter of Fig. 2 has a delay angle 120. The three-phase ac system is 4160 V

rms line-to-line. The dc source is 3000 V, R=2 Ω, and L is large enough to consider the

current to be purely dc. (a) Determine the power transferred to the ac source from the dc

source. (b) Determine the value of L such that the peak-to-peak variation in load current is

10 percent of the average load current.

Fig.2
SOLUTION
DC POWER TRANSMISSION: TRANSMISSION DE LA PUISSANCE DC

An elementary dc transmission system

Power supplied by
Power supplied by
the converter at
the converter at
terminal 1 is
terminal 1 is

Equivalent circuit.
DC POWER TRANSMISSION: TRANSMISSION DE LA PUISSANCE DC
EXEMPLE:
DC Power Transmission
For the elementary dc transmission line represented in Fig. 3, the ac voltage to each of the
bridges is 230 kV rms line to line. The total line resistance is 10Ω , and the inductance is
large enough to consider the dc current to be ripple-free. The objective is to transmit 100
MW to ac system 2 from ac system 1 over the dc line. Design a set of operating
parameters to accomplish this objective. Determine the required current-carrying capacity
of the dc line, and compute the power loss in the line.

Fig.3
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: