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ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ
ﺟﺒﺮ ﺑﻮﻝ: . I
ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺒﺮ ﻳﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ٬ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻻ ﺗﺎﺧﺪ ﺇﻻ 2 ﺣﺎﻟﺔ 0 ﺃﻭ 1 ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺑﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺳﻄﻴﺔ
ﻻﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ٬ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ 0 ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ 0L
ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ٬ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ 1 ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ1L
ﻧ ﺤﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ
ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ) a b ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ( ﺍﻟﺨﺮﻭﺝ s ﺃﻣﺮ
ﺟﺰء ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ
ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻧﻮﻋﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻ ﺯﺭﺍﺭ:
ﺍﻷﺯﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺒﺎﺡ * ﻟﻠﻐﻠﻖ ﻣﺜﻼ a
* ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺢ ﻣﺜﻼ a
. II ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ
1.2 ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ OUI
ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ a : ﻫﻲ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻭ s ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﻭﺝ
S = a
ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ
a S
0 0
1 1
ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤ ﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ: ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ:
a s
a S
2.2 ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ ﻻ: NON
ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ a : ﻫﻲ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻭ s ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﻭﺝ
S = a
a S
0 1
1 0
ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴ ﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ: ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ
a s
a
S
3.2 ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻭ : AND
a b
S
S = a + b
ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ:
a b S
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
ﺍ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴ ﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ: ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ
a
S
b
5.2 ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﻌﺎ ﺩ ﻱ( OR EXCLUSIF )
b ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻭ s ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﻭﺝ
a ﻭ
ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ :
S = a Å b
ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ:
a b S
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
ﺍ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴ ﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ: ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ
S
a b
. III ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻯ
S = a ∙ b
ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ:
a b S
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
ﺍ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴ ﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ: ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ
a
S
b
2.3 ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﻻ ﺃﻭ( NOR )
ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺩﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻻ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ NOR
b ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻭ s ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﻭﺝ
a ﻭ
ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ :
S = a + b
ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ:
a b S
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
b a
S
. IV ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻲ:
a ﻣﺜﺎﻝ:
S = a + b ∙ c
S
b
c
V ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺧﺘﺰﺍﻟﻬﺎ:
1.5 ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ : ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻﺕ ﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ ) ﺗﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ( ﻟﺘﻌﻄﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺮﺝ
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ:
S = (a ∙ b) + c + d
2.5 ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺤ ﺴﺎﺏ:
ﻟﺘﻜﻦ 3 ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ a .b .c
ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺪﻳﻠﻴﺔØ
ﺓ : a + b = b + a a ∙ b = b ∙ a
: ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻌﻴﺔØ a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c = a + b + c (a ∙ b) ∙ c = a ∙ (b ∙ c) = a ∙ b ∙ c
: ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻌﻴﺔØ (a + b) ∙ c = a ∙ c + b ∙ c
VI ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ ﺇﻧﻄﻼﻓﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ:
a b c S ﺍﻷﺧﺘﺰﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ
0 0 0 1 S vaut 1si a = b = c = 0 donc si a = b = c = 1 a . b . c
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1 S va u t 1 si a = c = 0 e t b=1 d o n c si a.b.c=1 a . b . c
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0
ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺣﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﺍء ﻧﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ:
ﻧﺄﺧﺪ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﻭﺝ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ
ﻛﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺟﺪﺍء ﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ٬ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﺆﺧﺪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ 1 ﻭﻳﺆﺧﺪ ﻣﻨﻔﻴﺎ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ0
ﺛﻢ ﻧﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﺍءﺍﺕ