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ø˜ ηÚΛÓÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ Ó‡ÌÔÓ· ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È ÌÈ· ÔÌ¿- OÈ ÈÛÙÔÏÔÁÈÎÔ› Ù‡ÔÈ: Ô ÂȉÂÚÌÔÂȉ‹˜ ‹ ·Î·Ó-
‰· ÓÂÔÏ·ÛÈÒÓ ÙˆÓ ÔÔ›ˆÓ Ë Î·Ù·‚ÔÏ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ‰ڿ- ıÔ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈÎfi˜, Ô ·‰È·ÊÔÚÔÔ›ËÙÔ˜ ÌÈÎÚÔ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈ-
˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ Î·ÙÒÙÂÚÔ ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ·, ‰ËÏ·‰‹ Îfi˜, Ô ·‰È·ÊÔÚÔÔ›ËÙÔ˜ ÌÂÁ·ÏÔ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈÎfi˜, ÙÔ ·-
ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ÈÛÙÔ‡˜ Ù˘ ÙÚ·¯Â›·˜, ÙˆÓ ‚ÚfiÁ¯ˆÓ, ‰ÂÓÔηÚΛӈ̷ Î·È Ô ·‰ÂÓÔ-·Î·ÓıÔ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈÎfi˜
ÙˆÓ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÈÔÏ›ˆÓ Î·È ÙÔ˘ Ó¢ÌÔÓÈÎÔ‡ ·ÚÂÁ¯‡Ì·- ηÚΛÓÔ˜, ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·È Ì ÙÔÓ ÎÔÈÓfi fiÚÔ “‚ÚÔÁ¯Ô-
ÙÔ˜. ™ÙÔÓ ›Ó·Î· 17.1 ÔÈ ‰È¿ÊÔÚÔÈ Ù‡ÔÈ Î·ÚΛÓÔ˘ ÁÂÓ‹˜ ηÚΛÓÔ˜” ‹ “ηÚΛÓÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ‚ÚfiÁ¯ˆÓ”. O Ù‡-
ÙÔ˘ Ó‡ÌÔÓ· Ù·ÍÈÓÔÌÔ‡ÓÙ·È Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙȘ ˘Ô- Ô˜ ·˘Ùfi˜ Â›Ó·È Ô ÈÔ Û˘¯Ófi˜ (90%) Î·È Û’ ·˘ÙfiÓ
‰Â›ÍÂȘ Ù˘ ¶·ÁÎfiÛÌÈ·˜ OÚÁ¿ÓˆÛ˘ ÀÁ›·˜ (WHO). ÔÊ›ÏÔÓÙ·È ÔÈ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔÈ ı¿Ó·ÙÔÈ.
299
300 ∂¶πΔ√ª∏ ¶¡∂Àª√¡√§√°π∞
¶›Ó·Î·˜ 17.2. μÚÔÁ¯ÔÁÂÓ‹˜ ηÚΛÓÔ˜. ∂·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ηÚ- Ó‡ÌÔÓ· ·˘Í¿ÓÂÙ·È ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ì ÙÔÓ ‚·ıÌfi Ù˘
ÎÈÓÔÁfiÓ˜ Ô˘Û›Â˜ ¤ÎıÂÛ˘. ™‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÂÎÙÈÌ‹ÛÂȘ Ë ¤ÎıÂÛË Û ڷ-
∞ԉ‰ÂÈÁ̤Ó˜ ⁄ÔÙ˜ ‰fiÓÈÔ Â›Ó·È ˘Â‡ı˘ÓË ÁÈ· ÙÔ 10% ÙˆÓ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÁÂ-
∞ÚÛÂÓÈÎfi μËÚ‡ÏÏÈÔ
ÓÒÓ Î·ÚÎ›ÓˆÓ ÛÙȘ ∏¶∞.
∞Ì›·ÓÙÔ˜ Acrylonitrile OÚÈṲ̂ӷ ·ÁÁ¤ÏÌ·Ù· Úԉȷı¤ÙÔ˘Ó ÛÙËÓ ÂÌ-
ÃÚÒÌÈÔ Vinyl Chloride Ê¿ÓÈÛË ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÁÂÓÔ‡˜ ηÚΛÓÔ˘ (›Ó. 17.2). ¶Ú¤ÂÈ
¡ÈΤÏÈÔ ¶˘Ú›ÙÈÔ
Ó· ÙÔÓÈÛÙ› fiÙÈ Ë Â›‰Ú·ÛË ÙÔ˘ ηӛÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ ›ӷÈ
∞ڈ̷ÙÈÎÔ› ˘‰ÚÔÁÔÓ¿ÓıڷΘ
∞ÎÙÈÓÔ‚Ôϛ˜ ÈÔ ÂÈ‚·Ú˘ÓÙÈ΋ ·fi οı ·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈ΋ ¤ÎıÂ-
Bischloromethyl ether ÛË. ∂›Û˘, ÔÈ ÂÚÁ¿Ù˜ ·ÁÁÂÏÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ù· ÔÔ›·
Úԉȷı¤ÙÔ˘Ó Û ηÚΛÓÔ ÙÔ˘ Ó‡ÌÔÓ·, fiÙ·Ó Î·-
ÙÛÈÁ¿Ú·. Ó›˙Ô˘Ó, ÔÏÏ·Ï·ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó ÙȘ Èı·ÓfiÙËÙ˜ ÂÌÊ¿-
ΔÔ Ú·‰fiÓÈÔ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÚÔ˚fiÓ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ‰È¿- ÓÈÛ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÁÂÓÔ‡˜ ηÚΛÓÔ˘.
Û·Û˘ ÙÔ˘ Ú·‰›Ô˘-Ô˘Ú·Ó›Ô˘ Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È ÛÙË À¿Ú¯ÂÈ Û·Ê‹˜ Û¯¤ÛË ¤ÎıÂÛ˘ Û ·Ì›·ÓÙÔ Î·È
ʇÛË. À¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ·ÙÌfiÛÊ·ÈÚ·, ÛÙËÓ ‡·ÈıÚÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÁÂÓÔ‡˜ ηÚΛÓÔ˘. ∏ Û¯¤ÛË Â›Ó·È ÈÔ ÂÈΛÓ-
Î·È ÛÙÔ Û›ÙÈ Î·È Ë Û˘¯ÓfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ Î·ÚÎ›ÓˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ‰˘ÓË Û ηÓÈÛÙ¤˜. ∂ÚÁ¿Ù˜ Ô˘ ÂÎÙ›ıÂÓÙ·È ÛÂ
·Ì›·ÓÙÔ Î·È Î·Ó›˙Ô˘Ó ¤¯Ô˘Ó 50 ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂ- Û˘¯Ófi (20% fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ Ó¢ÌÔÓÈÎÒÓ Î·ÚΛӈÓ) ηÈ
ÚË Èı·ÓfiÙËÙ· Ó· ÂÌÊ·Ó›ÛÔ˘Ó Î·ÚΛÓÔ ·fi ÌË È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ηÎfiËı˜. ∞Ó·Ù‡ÛÛÂÙ·È ÂÓ‰Ô‚ÚÔÁ¯È-
ηÓÈÛÙ¤˜ ÂÚÁ¿Ù˜ ¿ÏÏˆÓ Â·ÁÁÂÏÌ¿ÙˆÓ. º˘ÛÈο ÎÒ˜, ÚÔηÏÒÓÙ·˜ Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ Û˘ÁÎÂÓÙÚÈ΋ ÛÙ¤ÓˆÛË
Ë ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛË ÙÔ˘ ηÚΛÓÔ˘ ··ÈÙ› ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ¯ÚfiÓÔ ÙÔ˘ ·˘ÏÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚfiÁ¯Ô˘. ªÂı›ÛÙ·Ù·È Ù·¯‡Ù·Ù· ÛÙÔ˘˜
¤ÂÈÙ· ·fi ÙËÓ ÚÒÙË ¤ÎıÂÛË (20 ¤ÙË). ˘Ï·›Ô˘˜ ÏÂÌÊ·‰¤Ó˜. ∞ÈÌ·ÙÔÁÂÓ›˜ ÌÂÙ·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ
·Ó·Ù‡ÛÛÔÓÙ·È Ù·¯‡Ù·Ù· Û ÛËÌÂ›Ô ÒÛÙ ηٿ ÙË
IÛÙÔ·ıÔÏÔÁ›· ÛÙÈÁÌ‹ Ù˘ ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛ˘ Ë ÓfiÛÔ˜ Ó· ¤¯ÂÈ Âͷψı›
O ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÁÂÓ‹˜ ηÚΛÓÔ˜ ·Ú¯›˙ÂÈ Èı·Ófiٷٷ ·fi Û ÔÏÏ¿ fiÚÁ·Ó·.
Ù· ‚·ÛÈο ·ÙÙ·Ú· ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÈÎÔ‡ ÂÈıËÏ›Ô˘, ‰Ë- ΔÔ ÌÂÁ·ÏÔ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈÎfi ·Ó·Ï·ÛÙÈÎfi ηÚΛӈ̷
Ï·‰‹ ·fi Ù· ·ÙÙ·Ú· Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È ÌÂٷ͇ Ù˘ (large cell carcinoma) ·Ó·Ù‡ÛÛÂÙ·È Û˘¯Ó¿ ÛÙËÓ
‚·ÛÈ΋˜ ÌÂÌ‚Ú¿Ó˘ Î·È ÙˆÓ Î·Ï˘ÎÔÂȉÒÓ Î·È ÂÚÈʤÚÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ Ó‡ÌÔÓ·, fiˆ˜ ÙÔ ·‰ÂÓÔηÚΛӈ-
ÎÚÔÛÛˆÙÒÓ ÂÈıËÏÈ·ÎÒÓ Î˘ÙÙ¿ÚˆÓ. ΔÔ Î¿ÓÈÛÌ· Ì·. πÛÙÔÏÔÁÈÎÒ˜ ÌÔÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ì ÙÔ ·Î·ÓıÔ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈÎfi
ÚÔηÏ› ·‡ÍËÛË ÙÔ˘ ·ÚÈıÌÔ‡ Î·È ·Ù˘›Â˜ ÛÙÔÓ Î·ÚΛӈ̷ (ÂÈÎ. 17.1°) Î·È Û˘¯Ó¿ Ë ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛ‹ ÙÔ˘
˘Ú‹Ó· ÙˆÓ Î˘ÙÙ¿ÚˆÓ ·˘ÙÒÓ, Ù· ÔÔ›· ÔÏÏ·Ï·- ÛÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È Û ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ÛÂȘ ÛÙÔ ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÓÈÎfi ÌÈ-
ÛÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È Î·È ÂÍ·ÏÏ¿ÛÛÔÓÙ·È Û ηÚΛӈ̷ in ÎÚÔÛÎfiÈÔ. ΔÔ ÓÂfiÏ·ÛÌ· ·Ó·Ù‡ÛÛÂÙ·È ÁÚ‹ÁÔÚ·
situ. ∏ ‰È¿Û·ÛË Ù˘ ‚·ÛÈ΋˜ ÌÂÌ‚Ú¿Ó˘ ·ÔÙÂÏ› Î·È ÌÂı›ÛÙ·Ù·È ÏÂÌÊÔÁÂÓÒ˜ Î·È ·ÈÌ·ÙÔÁÂÓÒ˜ ηÈ
ÙËÓ ÚÒÙË ¤Ó‰ÂÈÍË ‰È‹ıËÛ˘. ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÙÔ 10% ÙˆÓ Î·ÚÎ›ÓˆÓ ÙÔ˘ Ó‡ÌÔÓ·.
OÈ ‰È¿ÊÔÚÔÈ ÈÛÙÔ·ıÔÏÔÁÈÎÔ› Ù‡ÔÈ ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ- ΔÔ ·‰ÂÓÔηÚΛӈ̷ ·Ó·Ù‡ÛÛÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈ-
¯ÔÁÂÓÔ‡˜ ηÚΛÓÔ˘ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ‰È·ÎÚ›ÓÔÓÙ·È, fi¯È ʤÚÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ Ó‡ÌÔÓ· Î·È ·Ú·Ì¤ÓÂÈ Â› Ì·ÎÚfi
ÌfiÓÔ ÂÂȉ‹ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈΤ˜ ÎÏÈÓÈΤ˜ ÂΉËÏÒ- ·‰È¿ÁÓˆÛÙÔ, ÂÂȉ‹ ‰ÂÓ ÚÔηÏ› Û˘ÌÙÒÌ·Ù·.
ÛÂȘ, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÂÂȉ‹ Ë ıÂڷ¢ÙÈ΋ ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÓÙÈÌÂ- πÛÙÔ·ıÔÏÔÁÈÎÒ˜ ·ÔÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi ΢‚Èο ‹ ΢ÏÈÓ-
ÙÒÈÛË ‰È·Ê¤ÚÂÈ.
‰ÚÈο ·ÙÙ·Ú·, Ù· ÔÔ›· Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙Ô˘Ó ·‰ÂÓÈÎÔ‡˜
O ·Î·ÓıÔ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈÎfi˜ ‹ ÂȉÂÚÌÔÂȉ‹˜ ηÚΛÓÔ˜
Û¯ËÌ·ÙÈÛÌÔ‡˜ Ô˘ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙ·È ·fi ˘fiÛÙڈ̷
Â›Ó·È Ô Û˘¯ÓfiÙÂÚÔ˜ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÁÂÓ‹˜ ηÚΛÓÔ˜. ∞ÔÙÂ-
Û˘Ó‰ÂÙÈÎÔ‡ ÈÛÙÔ‡. ™˘¯Ó¿ ·Ú¿ÁÔ˘Ó ‚ϤÓÓ· (ÂÈÎ.
Ï› ÙÔ 30% fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂˆÓ Î·ÚΛÓÔ˘ ÙÔ˘
17.1¢). ¶ÚÔηÏ› Û˘¯Ó¿ ÏÂÌÊÔÁÂÓ›˜ Î·È ·ÈÌ·ÙÔ-
Ó‡ÌÔÓ·. πÛÙÔÏÔÁÈÎÒ˜ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÂÈ-
ÁÂÓ›˜ ÌÂÙ·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ, ÚÈÓ ·ÎfiÌ· Ë ·Ú¯È΋ ÂÓÙfiÈÛË
‰ÂÚÌÔÂȉ‹ ·ÙÙ·Ú· Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó ÂÓ‰Ô΢ÙÙ·-
ÚÔηϤÛÂÈ Û˘ÌÙÒÌ·Ù·. ™˘¯Ó¿ ÚÔÛ‚¿ÏÏÂÈ ÙÔÓ
ÚÈΤ˜ Á¤Ê˘ÚÂ˜Ø Ù· ·ÙÙ·Ú· ·˘Ù¿ ·Ó·Ù‡ÛÛÔÓÙ·È
˘Â˙ˆÎfiÙ·. ∞ÔÙÂÏ› ÙÔ 35% ÙˆÓ Î·ÚÎ›ÓˆÓ Î·È Ë
ηٿ ÛÙÚÒÌ·Ù· Î·È Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙Ô˘Ó “ʈÏȤ˜” Ì ÎÂ-
Û˘¯ÓfiÙËÙ¿ ÙÔ˘ ·˘Í¿ÓÂÈ.
Ú·ÙÈÓÔÔÈË̤Ó˜ ÂÛٛ˜ (ÂÈÎ. 17.1∞).
ΔÔ Î˘„ÂÏȉÈÎfi ηÚΛӈ̷ (alveolar cell carcino-
O ·Î·ÓıÔ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈÎfi˜ ηÚΛÓÔ˜ Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ ·Ó·-
ma ‹ terminal bronchiolar-alveolar cell carcinoma)
Ù‡ÛÛÂÙ·È ÂÓ‰Ô‚ÚÔÁ¯ÈÎÒ˜ Î·È ÚÔηÏ› ·fiÊÚ·-
ÍË ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚfiÁ¯Ô˘ Î·È ·ÙÂÏÂÎÙ·Û›·. ™·ÓÈfiÙÂÚ· ·Ó·- ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ΢„ÂÏȉÈο ·ÙÙ·Ú· ‹ ·ÙÙ·Ú·
Ù‡ÛÛÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈʤÚÂÈ· Ì ÙË ÌÔÚÊ‹ ‚Ú·‰¤ˆ˜ ÙˆÓ ÙÂÏÈÎÒÓ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÈÔÏ›ˆÓ. ∞Ó·Ù‡ÛÛÂÙ·È ÂÚÈÊÂ-
·Ó·Ù˘ÛÛfiÌÂÓˆÓ ‰ÈËı‹ÛÂˆÓ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ Ù¿ÛË ÚÈÎÒ˜ Î·È Û˘¯Ó¿ ÚÔÛ‚¿ÏÏÂÈ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ˘˜ ·fi
Ó· ÛËÏ·ÈÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È. ¤Ó·Ó Ó¢ÌÔÓÈÎÔ‡˜ ÏÔ‚Ô‡˜. πÛÙÔ·ıÔÏÔÁÈÎÒ˜ ¯·-
ΔÔ ÌÈÎÚÔ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈÎfi ·Ó·Ï·ÛÙÈÎfi ηÚΛӈ̷ Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ηÏÒ˜ ‰È·ÊÔÚÔÔÈË̤ӷ ΢ÏÈÓ-
(small cell or oat cell carcinoma) ·ÔÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi ‰ÚÈο ·ÙÙ·Ú·, Ô˘ ηٷϷ̂¿ÓÔ˘Ó ÙȘ ΢„ÂÏ›‰Â˜
·ÙÙ·Ú· Ì ÂÏ¿¯ÈÛÙÔ Î˘ÙÙ·ÚfiÏ·ÛÌ·, Ô˘ Â›Ó·È 2- Î·È Ù· ÙÂÏÈο ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÈfiÏÈ· (ÂÈÎ. 17.1¢). ∏ ÈÛÙÔ·ıÔ-
3 ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ· ·fi Ù· ÏÂÌÊÔ·ÙÙ·Ú· (ÂÈÎ. ÏÔÁÈ΋ ÂÈÎfiÓ· ÙÔ˘ Û˘¯Ó¿ ÌÔÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ì ÙÔ˘ ·‰ÂÓÔ-
17.1μ) Î·È Ê¤ÚÔ˘Ó, fiˆ˜ ¤¯ÂÈ Î·Ù·‰ÂȯÙ› Ì ÙÔ Î·ÚÎÈÓÒÌ·ÙÔ˜ Î·È ÁÈ’ ·˘Ùfi ÔÏÏÔ› ÙÔ ıˆÚÔ‡Ó ˆ˜
ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÓÈÎfi ÌÈÎÚÔÛÎfiÈÔ, Ó¢ÚÔÂÎÎÚÈÙÈο ÎÔÎΛ·. ηÏÒ˜ ‰È·ÊÔÚÔÔÈË̤ÓÔ ·‰ÂÓÔηÚΛӈ̷.
¶ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ·ÙÙ·Ú· ÙÔ˘ Kulchinsky Ô˘ ¤- Δ¤ÏÔ˜, ˆ˜ ·‰ÂÓÔ-·Î·ÓıÔ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈÎfi ηÚΛӈ̷
¯Ô˘Ó ÂÓ‰ÔÎÚÈÓÈΤ˜ ȉÈfiÙËÙ˜ Î·È ÁÈ’ ·˘Ùfi ηٷٿÛ- (adenosquamous carcinoma) ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·È Ù· ÓÂÔ-
ÛÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ Û‡ÛÙËÌ· APUD ÙÔ˘ Pearse (amine-pre- Ï¿ÛÌ·Ù· ÂΛӷ ÛÙ· ÔÔ›· Û˘Ó˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ·ÙÙ·Ú·
cursor and uptake decarboxylation system). ·‰ÂÓÔηÚÎÈÓÒÌ·ÙÔ˜ Ì ·ÙÙ·Ú· ·Î·ÓıÔ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈ-
ΔÔ ÌÈÎÚÔ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈÎfi ηÚΛӈ̷ Â›Ó·È ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ÎÔ‡ ηÚÎÈÓÒÌ·ÙÔ˜.
17. ∫∞ƒ∫π¡√™ Δ√À ¶¡∂Àª√¡∞ 303
¶›Ó·Î·˜ 17.3. ™Ù·‰ÈÔÔ›ËÛË ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÁÂÓÔ‡˜ ηÚΛÓÔ˘ (1986: American Joint Committee on Cancer)
Δà ¶·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÓÂÔÏ·ÛÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ Î˘ÙÙ¿ÚˆÓ ÛÙȘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÓ¢ÌÔÓÈΤ˜ ÂÎÎÚ›ÛÂȘ. ΔÔ ÓÂfiÏ·ÛÌ· ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ÔÚ·Ùfi ÛÙËÓ ·ÎÙÈ-
ÓÔÁÚ·Ê›· ‹ ÛÙË ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË. ¶ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·È Î·È Ù· ÓÂÔÏ¿ÛÌ·Ù· Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ˘Ô‚ÏËı› Û “ÚÈ˙È΋” ıÂڷ›·
Δ0 ¢ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÂӉ›ÍÂȘ ÓÂÔÏ·Û›·˜
TIS ¡ÂfiÏ·ÛÌ· in situ
Δ1 ŸÁÎÔ˜ < 3 cm Ô˘ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÂÙ·È ·fi Ó‡ÌÔÓ· ‹ ˘Â˙ˆÎfiÙ·, ¯ˆÚ›˜ ÛÙË ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË Ó· ÂÂÎÙ›ÓÂÙ·È ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎÒ˜
ÂÓÙfi˜ ÏÔ‚·›Ô˘ ‚ÚfiÁ¯Ô˘
Δ2 ŸÁÎÔ˜ > 3 cm ‹ fiÁÎÔ˜ οı ÌÂÁ¤ıÔ˘˜ Ô˘ ‰ÈËı› ÙÔÓ ÛÏ·¯ÓÈÎfi ˘Â˙ˆÎfiÙ·, Û˘Óԉ‡ÂÙ·È ·fi ·ÙÂÏÂÎÙ·Û›· ‹ Ó¢-
ÌÔÓ›Ùȉ· Ô˘ ÂÂÎÙ›ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙȘ ‡Ï˜. μÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎÔÈÎÒ˜ Ë ‰È‹ıËÛË Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·¤¯ÂÈ ÙÔ˘Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÓ 2 cm ·fi ÙËÓ ÙÚfi-
ȉ·
Δ3 ŸÁÎÔ˜ οı ÌÂÁ¤ıÔ˘˜ Ô˘ ÂÂÎÙ›ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ıˆÚ·ÎÈÎfi ÙÔ›¯ˆÌ·, ÛÙÔ ‰È¿ÊÚ·ÁÌ·, ÛÙÔÓ ˘Â˙ˆÎfiÙ· ÙÔ˘ ÌÂÛ·˘Ï›Ô˘ ‹
ÛÙÔ ÂÚÈοډÈÔ ¯ˆÚ›˜ Ó· ÚÔÛ‚¿ÏÏÂÈ ÙËÓ Î·Ú‰È¿, ÙËÓ ÙÚ·¯Â›· Î·È Ù· ÌÂÁ¿Ï· ·ÁÁ›·. ∂›Û˘ οı fiÁÎÔ˜ Ô˘ ‰ÈËı›
ÙÔÓ Î‡ÚÈÔ ‚ÚfiÁ¯Ô Û ·fiÛÙ·ÛË < 2 cm ·fi ÙËÓ ÙÚfiȉ·
Δ4 ŸÁÎÔ˜ οı ÌÂÁ¤ıÔ˘˜ Ô˘ ‰ÈËı› ÙÔ ÌÂÛ·‡ÏÈÔ ‹ ÚÔÛ‚¿ÏÏÂÈ ÙËÓ Î·Ú‰È¿, Ù· ÌÂÁ¿Ï· ·ÁÁ›·, ÙËÓ ÙÚ·¯Â›·, ÙÔÓ ÔÈÛÔ-
Ê¿ÁÔ, ÙË ÛÔÓ‰˘ÏÈ΋ ÛÙ‹ÏË, ÙËÓ ÙÚfiȉ· ‹ Û˘Óԉ‡ÂÙ·È ·fi ÓÂÔÏ·ÛÌ·ÙÈ΋ Ï¢ڛÙȉ· ‹ ÂÚÈηډ›Ùȉ·
™Ù·‰ÈÔÔ›ËÛË
∫Ú˘Êfi ÓÂfiÏ·ÛÌ· Δà ¡0 ª0
™Ù¿‰ÈÔ 0 TIS ¡0 ª0
™Ù¿‰ÈÔ π∞ Δ1 ¡0 ª0
™Ù¿‰ÈÔ πμ Δ2 ¡0 ª0
™Ù¿‰ÈÔ ππ∞ Δ1 ¡1 ª0
™Ù¿‰ÈÔ ππμ Δ2 ¡1 ª0
Δ3 ¡0 ª0
™Ù¿‰ÈÔ πππ∞ Δ3 ¡1 ª0
Δ1-3 ¡2 ª0
™Ù¿‰ÈÔ πππμ ∫¿ıÂ Δ ¡3 ª0
Δ4 ∫¿ı ¡ ª0
™Ù¿‰ÈÔ IV ∫¿ıÂ Δ ∫¿ı ¡ ª1
πηÓfi˜ ÁÈ· ÂÚÁ·Û›· Î·È Î·ıËÌÂÚÈÓ¤˜ 100 º˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎfi˜, ‰ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÂӉ›ÍÂȘ ÓfiÛÔ˘
‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜
¢ÂÓ ¯ÚÂÈ¿˙ÂÙ·È ‚Ô‹ıÂÈ· 90 πηÓfi˜ ÁÈ· fiϘ ÙȘ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜. ∂Ï¿¯ÈÛÙ· ÛËÌ›· ÓfiÛÔ˘
80 º˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ· ηٿ ÙËÓ ¿ÛÎËÛË. À¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó
ÛËÌ›· Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘
∞ӛηÓÔ˜ ÁÈ· ÂÚÁ·Û›·. πηÓfi˜ Ó· ˙ÂÈ ÛÙÔ Û›ÙÈ 70 ∞˘ÙÔÂ͢ËÚÂÙ›ٷÈØ ¤ÎÙˆÛË ÈηÓfiÙËÙ·˜ ¿ÛÎËÛ˘ Î·È ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜
Ì ۯÂÙÈ΋ ‚Ô‹ıÂÈ· 60 ™˘¯Ó¿ ¤¯ÂÈ ·Ó¿ÁÎË ‚Ô‹ıÂÈ·˜, ·ÏÏ¿ ηٷʤÚÓÂÈ Ó· ·˘ÙÔÂ͢Ë-
ÚÂÙ›ٷÈ
50 ∞·ÈÙ› ‚Ô‹ıÂÈ· ÛÙ· ηıËÌÂÚÈÓ¿Ø Û˘¯Ó¤˜ ÓÔÛËÏ›˜
∞ӛηÓÔ˜ Ó· ·˘ÙÔÂ͢ËÚÂÙÂ›Ù·È ÛÙÔ Û›ÙÈ. 40 ∞ӛηÓÔ˜Ø ··ÈÙ› ÂȉÈ΋ ÊÚÔÓÙ›‰· Î·È ÂÚ›ı·Ï„Ë
∞·ÈÙ› ÓÔÛÔÎÔÌÂȷ΋ ÂÚ›ı·Ï„Ë. 30 ™Ô‚·Ú‹ ·ÓÈηÓfiÙËÙ·Ø ¯ÚÂÈ¿˙ÂÙ·È ÓÔÛÔÎÔÌÂȷ΋ ÂÚ›ı·Ï„Ë
∏ ÓfiÛÔ˜ ÂÍÂÏ›ÛÛÂÙ·È ÁÚ‹ÁÔÚ· 20 ¶Ôχ ¿ÚÚˆÛÙÔ˜Ø ÛÙÔ ÓÔÛÔÎÔÌÂ›Ô ÁÈ· ıÂڷ›· ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈ͢
10 ∂ÙÔÈÌÔı¿Ó·ÙÔ˜Ø Ù·¯Â›· Âȉ›ӈÛË ÙˆÓ ˙ˆÙÈÎÒÓ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÈÒÓ
∂ÈÎfiÓ· 17.2. ∞ηÓıÔ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈÎfi˜ ηÚΛÓÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ‰ÂÍÈÔ‡ ¿Óˆ ÏÔ‚Ô‡ Ì ÚÔÛ‚ÔÏ‹ ÙˆÓ ·Ú·ÙÚ·¯ÂÈ·ÎÒÓ (∞) Î·È ˘ÔÙÚÔȉÈÎÒÓ
(μ) ÏÂÌÊ·‰¤ÓˆÓ. ¶ÚfiÛÏË„Ë FDG ‰È·ÈÛÙÒÓÂÙ·È ÌfiÓÔ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ·Ú·ÙÚ·¯ÂÈ·ÎÔ‡˜ ÏÂÌÊ·‰¤Ó˜ Î·È fi¯È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ˘ÔÙÚÔȉÈÎÔ‡˜,
Ô˘ ·Â‰Â›¯ıË Ì ÌÂÛ·˘ÏÈÔÛÎfiËÛË fiÙÈ Ë ‰ÈfiÁΈۋ ÙÔ˘˜ ‹Ù·Ó ηÏÔ‹ı˘ (° Î·È ∂: ÂÁοÚÛȘ ÙÔ̤˜, ¢: ÌÂوȷ›·).
΢ÙÙ·ÚÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÂͤٷÛË ÙˆÓ Ù˘¤ÏˆÓ. OÈ ·ÛıÂ- ¶ÔÏϤ˜ ÊÔÚ¤˜ Ô ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÁÂÓ‹˜ ηÚΛÓÔ˜ ÂΉË-
Ó›˜ Â›Ó·È ·Û˘Ìو̷ÙÈÎÔ› Î·È ÔÙ¤ ‰ÂÓ ˙ËÙÔ‡Ó ÏÒÓÂÙ·È ÌÂ Û˘Ìو̷ÙÔÏÔÁ›· Ó¢ÌÔÓ›·˜, ȉ›ˆ˜ ÛÂ
È·ÙÚÈ΋ ‚Ô‹ıÂÈ·. ηÓÈÛÙ¤˜ ¿Óˆ ÙˆÓ 50 ÂÙÒÓ. ∏ Ïԛ̈ÍË ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙËÓ
OÈ ·Û˘Ìو̷ÙÈÎÔ› ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó Ó¢ÌÔÓÈ΋ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ô˘ ÂÎÙ›ÓÂÙ·È Î¿Ùˆ ·fi ÙË
ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ Èı·ÓfiÙËÙ˜ ›·Û˘ ηÈ, fiˆ˜ ¤¯ÂÈ ‚ÚÔÁ¯È΋ ·fiÊÚ·ÍË Ô˘ ÚÔηÏ› ÙÔ ÓÂfiÏ·ÛÌ·.
‰È·ÈÛÙˆı› ·fi ÂȉËÌÈÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ¤Ú¢Ó˜, ·˘- ™ÙȘ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ·˘Ù¤˜ Ë ·ÎÙÈÓÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË
ÙÔ› ˘ÂÚ‚·›ÓÔ˘Ó Î·Ù¿ Ôχ ÙÔ fiÚÈÔ Ù˘ 5ÂÙÔ‡˜ Ù˘ Ó¢ÌÔÓÈ΋˜ ‰È‹ıËÛ˘ Â›Ó·È ÂÏ¿¯ÈÛÙË.
ÂÈ‚›ˆÛ˘, Û’ ·ÓÙ›ıÂÛË Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ô˘ Ù· ‚) ™˘ÌÙÒÌ·Ù· ·fi ÙÔÈ΋ ¤ÎÙ·ÛË ÙÔ˘ fi-
ÎÏÈÓÈο Û˘ÌÙÒÌ·Ù· ÙÔ˘˜ Ô‰‹ÁËÛ·Ó ÛÙÔÓ ÁÈ·- ÁÎÔ˘: ‚Ú¿Á¯Ô˜ Ù˘ ʈӋ˜ ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È Û˘¯Ó¿, fiÙ·Ó
ÙÚfi. ¶·Ú¿‰ÔÍ· ÔÈ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂȘ ÂÓÙfiÈÛ˘ ÙˆÓ Ô fiÁÎÔ˜ ÂÂÎÙ›ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚÔ‡˜ ÌÂÛ·˘ÏÈ-
·Û˘Ìو̷ÙÈÎÒÓ ·˘ÙÒÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ ‰ÂÓ ÚÔοÏÂ- ÎÔ‡˜ ·‰¤Ó˜, ÏfiÁˆ ›ÂÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚÔ‡ ·ÏÈÓ-
Û ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈÎÒ˜ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÂÈ- ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ Ï·Ú˘ÁÁÈÎÔ‡ Ó‡ÚÔ˘.
‰ËÌÈÔÏÔÁÈÎÔ‡˜ ‰Â›ÎÙ˜ ıÓËÙfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯Ô- ∏ ‰È‹ıËÛË ÙˆÓ ÛÙÂϯȷ›ˆÓ ‚ÚfiÁ¯ˆÓ ‹ Ù˘ ÙÚ·-
ÁÂÓÔ‡˜ ηÚΛÓÔ˘. ∂›Û˘, Ë Î˘ÙÙ·ÚÔÏÔÁÈ΋ Âͤ- ¯Â›·˜ ·fi ÙÔÓ fiÁÎÔ ‹ Ë ›ÂÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ·fi ÏÂÌÊ·‰¤Ó˜
Ù·ÛË Ù˘¤ÏˆÓ ‰ÂÓ ÚÔÛ¤ıÂÛ ÛÙË ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË Ù›- ÚÔηÏ› ÂÈÛÓ¢ÛÙÈÎfi Î·È ÂÎÓ¢ÛÙÈÎfi Û˘ÚÈÁÌfi.
ÔÙ· ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ·’ fi,ÙÈ Ë ·ÎÙÈÓÔÁÚ·Ê›· ıÒ- ∏ ›ÂÛË Ù˘ ¿Óˆ ÎÔ›Ï˘ ÊϤ‚·˜ ÂΉËÏÒÓÂÙ·È ÌÂ
Ú·ÎÔ˜ ÌfiÓË Ù˘. ÎÂÊ·Ï·ÏÁ›·, Ô›‰ËÌ· ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÛÒÔ˘, ΢¿ÓˆÛË, ÂÚ˘-
Á) ∏ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ‹ Û˘Ìو̷ÙÈ΋ Ê¿ÛË ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ıÚfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ ÔÊı·ÏÌÒÓ. OÈ ÛÊ·Á›Ùȉ˜ Â›Ó·È ‰ÈÔ-
Û˘ÌÙÒÌ·Ù· Ô˘ ÔÊ›ÏÔÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÙÔÈ΋ ·Ó¿- ÁΈ̤Ó˜ Î·È ‰ÂÓ ·‰ÂÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó Î·Ù¿ ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘
Ù˘ÍË ÙÔ˘ fiÁÎÔ˘, ÛÙËÓ ÂͿψÛË ÙÔ˘ fiÁÎÔ˘ ÛÙ· ‚·ıÈ¿˜ ÂÈÛÓÔ‹˜. À¿Ú¯ÂÈ Â›ÊÏÂ‚Ô ÛÙ· ¿Óˆ ¿ÎÚ·
·Ú·Î›ÌÂÓ· fiÚÁ·Ó· ÙÔ˘ ıÒڷη Î·È ÛÂ Û˘- Î·È ÛÙÔÓ ıÒڷη.
ÌÙÒÌ·Ù· Ô˘ ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó ÔÈ ·ÔÌ·ÎÚ˘Ṳ̂Ó˜ ∏ ‰È‹ıËÛË ÙÔ˘ ˘ÂÚÎÏÂȉ›Ô˘ ‚fiıÚÔ˘ Û˘Óԉ‡-
ÌÂÙ·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ. ÂÙ·È ·fi ‰È¿‚ÚˆÛË Ù˘ 1˘ ÏÂ˘Ú¿˜ (‹ Î·È ¿ÏψÓ
·ÓÒÙÂÚˆÓ Ï¢ÚÒÓ), ÚÔÛ‚ÔÏ‹ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ú·¯ÈÔÓ›Ô˘
∫ÏÈÓÈο Û˘ÌÙÒÌ·Ù· Î·È ÛËÌ›· Ó¢ÚÈÎÔ‡ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ·˘¯ÂÓÈÎÔ‡ Û˘Ì·ıËÙÈÎÔ‡ ϤÁ-
1. O ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÁÂÓ‹˜ ηÚΛÓÔ˜ ÂÍÂÏ›ÛÛÂÙ·È Û˘Ó‹- Ì·ÙÔ˜ (fiÁÎÔ˜ Pancoast). O ·ÛıÂÓ‹˜ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ
ıˆ˜ ¯ˆÚ›˜ ‹ Ì ÂÏ¿¯ÈÛÙ· ÎÏÈÓÈο Û˘ÌÙÒ- ‚·Û·ÓÈÛÙÈÎÔ‡˜ fiÓÔ˘˜ Ô˘ ÂÍ·ÏÒÓÔÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ
Ì·Ù· ¤Ûˆ ÂÈÊ¿ÓÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ‚Ú·¯›ÔÓ· (£1 ‰ÂÚÌÔÙfiÌÈÔ), ÂÌ-
·) O ÚˆÙÔ·ı‹˜ fiÁÎÔ˜ ÂΉËÏÒÓÂÙ·È Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ Ê·Ó›˙ÂÈ ÙÔ Û‡Ó‰ÚÔÌÔ Horner (̇ÛË, ÂÓfiÊı·ÏÌÔ,
Ì ‚‹¯·, Ô˘ Û˘Á¯¤ÂÙ·È Ì’ ·˘ÙfiÓ Ù˘ ¯ÚÔÓ›·˜ ‚ÚÔÁ- ÌÂÚÈ΋ ÙÒÛË ÙÔ˘ ‚ÏÂÊ¿ÚÔ˘ Î·È Û‡ÛÙÔÈ¯Ë ·Óȉڈ-
¯›Ùȉ·˜ Ô˘ ÚÔηÏ› ÙÔ Î¿ÓÈÛÌ·Ø ÁÈ’ ·˘Ùfi Ë ·Ï- Û›·), ηıÒ˜ Î·È ·ÙÚÔÊ›· ÙˆÓ Ì˘ÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÛ‚Â-
Ï·Á‹ Ù˘ ¯ÚÔÈ¿˜ Î·È Ù˘ Û˘¯ÓfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚‹¯· Â›Ó·È ‚ÏË̤ÓÔ˘ ¿ÎÚÔ˘. O ηÚΛÓÔ˜ Pancoast Â›Ó·È Û˘Ó‹-
ÈÔ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο Û˘ÌÙÒÌ·Ù·. ∞ÈÌfiÙ˘ÛË ··ÓÙ¿Ù·È ıˆ˜ ·Î·ÓıÔ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈÎfi˜ (ÂÈÎ. 17.14).
Û ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ·ÚÈıÌfi ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ (21%). ∞˘Ù‹ Â›Ó·È ∏ ÚÔÛ‚ÔÏ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÊÚÂÓÈÎÔ‡ Ó‡ÚÔ˘ ÂΉËÏÒÓÂÙ·È
Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ ÌÈÎÚ‹˜ ÔÛfiÙËÙ·˜ Î·È ·›ÚÓÂÈ, ÙȘ ÂÚÈÛ- Û˘¯Ó¿ Ì ›ÌÔÓÔ ÏfiÍÈÁη Î·È ·Ú¿Ï˘ÛË ÙÔ˘ Û˘-
ÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ÊÔÚ¤˜, ÙÔÓ ¯·Ú·ÎÙ‹Ú· ÙˆÓ ·ÈÌÔʇÚÙˆÓ ÛÙÔ›¯Ô˘ ËÌȉȷÊÚ¿ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜.
Ù˘¤ÏˆÓ. ∞ÔÙÂÏ› ÛÔ‚·Úfi Û‡Ìو̷ Ô˘ ÔÙ¤ ∏ ÚÔÛ‚ÔÏ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈηډ›Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁ› Û˘¯Ó¿ ÛÂ
‰ÂÓ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ˘ÔÙÈÌ¿Ù·È. ∏ ‰‡ÛÓÔÈ·, fiÙ·Ó ˘¿Ú- ηډȷÎfi ÂȈ̷ÙÈÛÌfi Ô˘ ÂΉËÏÒÓÂÙ·È Ì ÎÏÈ-
¯ÂÈ (12% ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ), ÂΉËÏÒÓÂÙ·È Î·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ¿- ÓÈ΋ Û˘Ìو̷ÙÔÏÔÁ›· ·ÔÊÚ·ÎÙÈÎÔ‡ shock. ∏
ÛÎËÛË Î·È ÔÊ›ÏÂÙ·È Û ÂÈÏÔΤ˜, fiˆ˜ Â›Ó·È Ë ÚÔÛ‚ÔÏ‹ ÙÔ˘ ˘Â˙ˆÎfiÙ· ÚÔηÏ› Ï¢ڛÙȉ·. ΔÔ
·fiÊÚ·ÍË ÛÙÂϯȷ›Ô˘ ‹ ÏÔ‚·›Ô˘ ‚ÚfiÁ¯Ô˘, Ë Ï¢- Ï¢ÚÈÙÈÎfi ˘ÁÚfi ÂÚȤ¯ÂÈ ÓÂÔÏ·ÛÌ·ÙÈο ·ÙÙ·Ú·
Ú›Ùȉ· Î·È Ë ÂÚÈηډ›Ùȉ·. Î·È Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ Â›Ó·È ·ÈÌÔÚÚ·ÁÈÎfi.
¶fiÓÔ˜ ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ 16% ÙˆÓ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂˆÓ Á) OÈ ÂÚÈÊÂÚÈΤ˜ ÌÂÙ·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Ó ÙÔÓ
Î·È ÔÊ›ÏÂÙ·È Û ÚÔÛ‚ÔÏ‹ ÙˆÓ ·‰¤ÓˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ÌÂÛÔ- ÂÁΤʷÏÔ, ÙÔ ‹·Ú, Ù· ÔÛÙ¿ (ÂÈÎ. 17.13) Î·È Ù· ÂÈ-
ıˆÚ·Î›Ô˘. ŸÙ·Ó ÂΉËÏÒÓÂÙ·È ˆ˜ Ï¢ÚÈÙÈÎfi˜ fi- ÓÂÊÚ›‰È·. OÈ ÌÂÙ·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ÛÙÔÓ ÂÁΤʷÏÔ ÂΉËÏÒ-
ÓÔ˜, ÙfiÙ ÔÊ›ÏÂÙ·È Û Ï¢ڛÙȉ· ‹ ÛÙËÓ ÚÔÛ‚Ô- ÓÔÓÙ·È ˆ˜ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯¤˜ Ù˘ Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿˜ ‹ Ì ٷ
Ï‹ ÙÔ˘ ıˆÚ·ÎÈÎÔ‡ ÙÔȯÒÌ·ÙÔ˜. ÎÏ·ÛÈο ÛËÌ›· Ù˘ ·‡ÍËÛ˘ Ù˘ ÂÓ‰ÔÎÚ·Óȷ΋˜
17. ∫∞ƒ∫π¡√™ Δ√À ¶¡∂Àª√¡∞ 307
∂ÈÎfiÓ· 17.3. ∞. ª¿˙· Ì ·Û·ÊÒ˜ ·ÊÔÚÈ˙fiÌÂÓ· fiÚÈ· ÛÙË ‰ÂÍÈ¿ ‡ÏË. μ. μÚÔÁ¯ÔÁÚ·Ê›· (Ï¿ÁÈ· ÚÔ‚ÔÏ‹): Ì¿˙· ÛÙÔÓ ÎÔÚ˘-
Ê·›Ô ÙÔ˘ οو ÏÔ‚Ô‡, Ô˘ ·ÔÊÚ¿ÛÛÂÈ ÙÔÓ ÙÌËÌ·ÙÈÎfi ‚ÚfiÁ¯Ô (‚¤ÏÔ˜).
∂ÈÎfiÓ· 17.6. ∞. ∞ÙÂÏÂÎÙ·Û›· Ù˘ ÁψÛÛ›‰·˜ ÙÔ˘ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚÔ‡ ¿Óˆ ÏÔ‚Ô‡. μ. ∞ÙÂÏÂÎÙ·Û›· ÙÔ˘ ¿Óˆ ÏÔ‚Ô‡ ‡ÛÙÂÚ· ·fi 3 Ì‹Ó˜.
∂ÈÎfiÓ· 17.7. ∞. ¶‡ÎÓˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ‰ÂÍÈÔ‡ ̤ÛÔ˘ ÏÔ‚Ô‡ Î·È ‰ÈfiÁΈÛË ÙˆÓ ·Ú·ÙÚ·¯ÂÈ·ÎÒÓ ÏÂÌÊ·‰¤ÓˆÓ. μ. μÚÔÁ¯ÔÁÚ·Ê›· (‰ÂÍÈ¿
Ô›ÛıÈ· ÏÔÍ‹ ÚÔ‚ÔÏ‹): ΈÓÔÂȉ‹˜ ·fiÊÚ·ÍË ÙÔ˘ ̤ÛÔ˘ ÏÔ‚Ô‡ (‚¤ÏÔ˜) (ÈÛÙÔÏÔÁÈÎÒ˜: ÌÈÎÚÔ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈÎfi˜ ηÚΛÓÔ˜).
310 ∂¶πΔ√ª∏ ¶¡∂Àª√¡√§√°π∞
∂ÈÎfiÓ· 17.8. ¶‡ÎÓˆÛË Ù˘ ‚¿Û˘ ÙÔ˘ ‰ÂÍÈÔ‡ Ó‡ÌÔÓ· Ì ∂ÈÎfiÓ· 17.10. ∞ηÓıÔ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈÎfi˜ ηÚΛÓÔ˜. ªÂÁ¿ÏË Ì¿˙·
‰ÈfiÁΈÛË ÙˆÓ ÏÂÌÊ·‰¤ÓˆÓ Ù˘ ‡Ï˘. ÙÔ˘ ‰ÂÍÈÔ‡ ¿Óˆ ÏÔ‚Ô‡ Ì ¤ÎÎÂÓÙÚ˜ Ù‹ÍÂȘ. ¢È¿‚ÚˆÛË ÙˆÓ
Ï¢ÚÒÓ (ÙÔÌÔÁÚ·ÊÈ΋ ·ÂÈÎfiÓÈÛË).
∂ÈÎfiÓ· 17.12. ∏ ·ÍÔÓÈ΋ ÙÔÌÔÁÚ·Ê›· ÛÙËÓ ¤Ú¢ӷ ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÁÂÓÔ‡˜ ηÚΛÓÔ˘. ∞ Î·È μ. ∞ÍÔÓÈ΋ ÙÔÌÔÁÚ·Ê›· ıÒÚ·ÎÔ˜. ∞.
¶ÂÚÈÊÂÚÈÎfi˜ ηÚΛÓÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ‰ÂÍÈÔ‡ ¿Óˆ ÏÔ‚Ô‡ (C) Ì ÌÂÙ·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ˘Ï·›Ô˘˜ ÏÂÌÊ·‰¤Ó˜ (¡). μ. ™ÙË ‚¿ÛË ÙÔ˘ Ó‡-
ÌÔÓ· ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÏÂÌÊ·ÁÁÂȷ΋ ‰È·ÛÔÚ¿ (·fiÊÚ·ÍË ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎÒÓ ÏÂÌÊ·ÁÁ›ˆÓ;) Î·È Ï¢ڛÙȉ· (‚¤ÏÔ˜). °. ∞ÍÔÓÈ΋ ÙÔÌÔÁÚ·-
Ê›· ÎÚ·Ó›Ô˘. ªÂÙ¿ÛÙ·ÛË ÛÙÔÓ ‰ÂÍÈfi ÌÂوȷ›Ô ÏÔ‚fi, Ë ÔÔ›· ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÂÙ·È ·fi Ô›‰ËÌ·.
∂ÈÎfiÓ· 17.14. μÚÔÁ¯ÔÁÂÓ‹˜ ηÚΛÓÔ˜ Ô˘ ÚÔηÏ› ·ÙÂÏÂÎÙ·Û›· ÙÔ˘ ‰ÂÍÈÔ‡ ¿Óˆ ÏÔ‚Ô‡ (∞). √ ·ÛıÂÓ‹˜ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛ ˘ÂÚÙÚÔ-
ÊÈ΋ Ó¢ÌÔÓÈ΋ ÔÛÙÂÔ·ÚıÚÔ¿ıÂÈ· Ì ÏËÎÙÚÔ‰·ÎÙ˘Ï›· (μ), Ô›‰ËÌ· Î·È ÂÚÈÔÛÙ›Ùȉ· (‚¤ÏÔ˜) ÙˆÓ ÎÓËÌÒÓ (¢). ÷ڷÎÙË-
ÚÈÛÙÈ΋ Â›Ó·È Î·È Ë ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛË ÙÔ˘ Û˘Ó‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ Horner (°), ‰È·ÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È Ë Ì‡ÛË Î·È Ô ÂÓfiÊı·ÏÌÔ˜ (‰ÂÍÈ¿).
ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÁÂÓÔ‡˜ ηÚΛÓÔ˘. OÈ Ô˘Û›Â˜ ·˘Ù¤˜ Û˘- ÚÈÎÒÓ ‰È·Ï˘Ì¿ÙˆÓ ·fi ÙÔ ÛÙfiÌ· Î·È ÙË ıÂڷ›·
¯Ó¿ ‰È·ÌÔÚÊÒÓÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ÂÈÎfiÓ· Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘. Ù˘ ÓÂÔÏ·Û›·˜. OÈ Û˘Ìو̷ÙÈÎÔ› ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ··È-
∂›Û˘, Ë ·Ó›¯Ó¢ÛË ÙˆÓ Ô˘ÛÈÒÓ ·˘ÙÒÓ Ì·˜ ‚ÔË- ÙÔ‡Ó ÙËÓ ÂÓ‰ÔÊϤ‚È· ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎÔ‡ Ô-
ı¿ÂÈ ÛÙÔÓ Î·ıÔÚÈÛÌfi ÙÔ˘ ÈÛÙÔÏÔÁÈÎÔ‡ Ù‡Ô˘, ÛÙË ÚÔ‡, ʈÛÊÔÚÈÎÒÓ ·Ï¿ÙˆÓ Î·È Furosemide. ∏ ªi-
ÛÙ·‰ÈÔÔ›ËÛË Î·È ÛÙËÓ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË ÙˆÓ ·Ô- thramycin Î·È Ë Calcitonin ¯ÔÚËÁÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÁÈ· Ó· ·-
ÙÂÏÂÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ù˘ ıÂڷ›·˜. ÚÂÌÔ‰›ÛÔ˘Ó ÙË ÌÂٷΛÓËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘ Ca ·fi Ù· ÔÛÙ¿.
‰) ÀÂÚ¤ÎÎÚÈÛË Î·ÏÛÈÙÔÓ›Ó˘ (‰ÂÓ ÚÔηÏ›
1. ™‡Ó‰ÚÔÌÔ ¤ÎÙÔ˘ ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹˜ ÔÚÌÔÓÒÓ ÎÏÈÓÈÎfi Û‡Ó‰ÚÔÌÔ), ÔÚÌfiÓ˘ Ô˘ ‰ÈÂÁ›ÚÂÈ Ù· ÌÂÏ·-
·) ™‡Ó‰ÚÔÌÔ Cushing. OÊ›ÏÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ¤ÎÙÔË ·- ÓÔ·ÙÙ·Ú· (melanocyte stimulating hormone, MSH)
Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ACTH Î·È Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ÈÔ Û˘¯Ófi “·Ú·ÂÓ‰Ô- Î·È ÚÔηÏ› Á˘Ó·ÈÎÔÌ·ÛÙ›·, ¤¯ÂÈ ·Ú·ÙËÚËı› ÛÂ
ÎÚÈÓÈÎfi” Û‡Ó‰ÚÔÌÔ. ¶ÈÔ Û˘¯Ó‹ Â›Ó·È Ë ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÁÂÓ‹ ηÚΛÓÔ. ∏ ÌÂÏ¿¯ÚˆÛË
ACTH ·fi Ù· ·ÙÙ·Ú· ÙÔ˘ ÌÈÎÚÔ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈÎÔ‡ ηÚ- ÙÔ˘ ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ Ì ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÁÂÓ‹ ηÚΛÓÔ
ΛÓÔ˘, ·ÏÏ¿ ÎÏÈÓÈÎÒ˜ ÙÔ Û‡Ó‰ÚÔÌÔ ÂΉËÏÒÓÂÙ·È Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·Ùfi Ó· ÔÊ›ÏÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ¤ÎÎÚÈÛË MSH ‹
ÈÔ Û˘¯Ó¿ ÛÙȘ ¿ÏϘ ÌÔÚʤ˜ ηÚΛÓÔ˘, ÂÂȉ‹ ÔÈ ÛÙË ÓfiÛÔ ÙÔ˘ Addison.
·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì ÌÈÎÚÔ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈÎfi ηÚΛÓÔ ˙Ô˘Ó Ôχ
Ï›ÁÔ. ∏ ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË ÛÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ·Ó›¯Ó¢ÛË ·˘ÍË- 2. ¶·Ú·ÓÂÔÏ·ÛÌ·ÙÈο Û‡Ó‰ÚÔÌ·
Ì¤ÓˆÓ ÔÛÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ ketosteroids Î·È hydoxysteroids ·) ¡Â˘ÚÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ·. O ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÁÂÓ‹˜ ηÚΛÓÔ˜
ÛÙÔ ·›Ì· Î·È ÛÙ· Ô‡Ú·, ÛÙËÓ ·‡ÍËÛË Ù˘ ACTH ÚÔÛ‚¿ÏÏÂÈ ÙfiÛÔ ÙÔ ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi fiÛÔ Î·È ÙÔ ÂÚÈÊÂÚÈ-
ÛÙÔÓ ÔÚfi, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÛÙË ÌË Î·Ù·ÛÙÔÏ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ Ì ÙË
Îfi Ó¢ÚÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ· Î·È ÚÔηÏ› ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ˜ ÂÎ-
¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË Dexamethasone.
‰ËÏÒÛÂȘ. ΔÔ ∫¡™ ÚÔÛ‚¿ÏÏÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ 5% ÙˆÓ ·-
∞Ó¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÙˆÓ ÂÈÓÂÊÚȉ›ˆÓ (ÓfiÛÔ˜ Addison)
ÛıÂÓÒÓ Î·È ÈÔ Û˘¯Ó¿ Û ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì ÌÈÎÚÔ΢ÙÙ·-
·Ú·ÙËÚÂ›Ù·È Û ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÁÂÓ‹ ηÚΛÓÔ
ÚÈÎfi ηÚΛÓÔ.
‡ÛÙÂÚ· ·fi ÌÂÙ·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ Û’ ·˘Ù¿. OÈ ÌÂÙ·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ
∏ ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ·ÓÙÈÛˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ ˘Ô‰ËÏÒÓÂÈ fiÙÈ Ù·
Â›Ó·È ÈÔ Û˘¯Ó¤˜ ·’ fi,ÙÈ Ë ÓfiÛÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ Addison, Â-
·Ú·ÓÂÔÏ·ÛÌ·ÙÈο Ó¢ÚÔÏÔÁÈο Û‡Ó‰ÚÔÌ· ›ӷÈ
Âȉ‹ Ë ÂΉ‹ÏˆÛË Ù˘ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›·˜ ··ÈÙ› ηٷ-
·˘ÙÔ¿ÓÔÛ˜ ÂΉËÏÒÛÂȘ. ™Â ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ȉ›ˆ˜ Ì ÌÈ-
ÛÙÚÔÊ‹ ÙÔ˘ 90% ÙˆÓ ÂÈÓÂÊÚȉ›ˆÓ.
ÎÚÔ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈÎfi ηÚΛÓÔ ¤¯ÂÈ ·ÔÌÔÓˆı› ÙÔ ¤Ó·ÓÙÈ
‚) ™‡Ó‰ÚÔÌÔ ¤ÎÙÔ˘ ¤ÎÎÚÈÛ˘ ·ÓÙȉÈÔ˘ÚËÙÈ΋˜
Ó¢ÚÒÓˆÓ ˘ÚËÓÈÎfi ·Óٛۈ̷ [antineuronal nu-
ÔÚÌfiÓ˘ (inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic
clear antibody, ANNA] I (anti Hu) Î·È ππ (anti Ri).
hormone, SIADH). ∂›Ó·È ÈÔ Û˘¯Ófi ÛÙÔÓ ÌÈÎÚÔ-
∏ ÚÔÛ‚ÔÏ‹ ÙÔ˘ ∫¡™ Û˘Ó›ÛÙ·Ù·È ÛÙËÓ Î·Ù·-
΢ÙÙ·ÚÈÎfi ηÚΛÓÔ. ∏ ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË ÛÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ
ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ÂÈÎfiÓ· (‰È·Ù·Ú·¯‹ Û˘Ó›‰ËÛ˘, ÎÒÌ·) Î·È ÛÙÚÔÊ‹ Ó¢ÚÒÓˆÓ Î·È Û ÊÏÂÁÌÔÓ‹. ∫ÏÈÓÈÎÒ˜ ¤-
ÛÙËÓ ÂÏ¿ÙÙˆÛË ÙÔ˘ Na Î·È Ù˘ ˆÛ̈ÙÈ΋˜ ›ÂÛ˘ ¯Ô˘Ì ÂΉËÏÒÛÂȘ ÂÁÎÂÊ·Ï›Ùȉ·˜ (limbic engepha-
ÙÔ˘ ÔÚÔ‡, Ë ÔÔ›· Û˘Ó‰˘¿˙ÂÙ·È Ì ·‡ÍËÛË Ù˘ ·Ô- litis), ÂÎʇÏÈÛË Ù˘ ·ÚÂÁÎÂÊ·Ï›‰·˜ Î·È ÓÂÎÚˆÙÈ-
‚ÔÏ‹˜ Na ÛÙ· Ô‡Ú·. ∞Ó ÙÔ Na ÙÔ˘ ÔÚÔ‡ Â›Ó·È Î‹ Ì˘ÂÏÔ¿ıÂÈ·.
< 110-120 mEq, ··ÈÙÂ›Ù·È ‰Ú·ÛÙÈ΋ ıÂڷ›· Ì ∏ ÚÔÛ‚ÔÏ‹ ÙˆÓ ÂÚÈÊÂÚÈÎÒÓ ÓÂ‡ÚˆÓ ÂΉËÏÒ-
˘¤ÚÙÔÓÔ ‰È¿Ï˘Ì· Na Î·È Furosemide. ∞Ó ÙÔ Na ÓÂÙ·È ˆ˜ ·ÈÛıËÙÈ΋ ‹ ÎÈÓËÙÈ΋ Ó¢ÚÔ¿ıÂÈ·.
ÙÔ˘ ÔÚÔ‡ Â›Ó·È >125 mEq, ÂÚÈÔÚ›˙ÂÙ·È Ë ÚfiÛÏË- OÈ ·Ú·¿Óˆ ÂΉËÏÒÛÂȘ Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·Ùfi Ó· ÂÌ-
„Ë ÓÂÚÔ‡ (500-800 ml ÙËÓ Ë̤ڷ) Î·È ¯ÔÚËÁÂ›Ù·È Ê·ÓÈÛÙÔ‡Ó Û ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÁÂÓ‹ ηÚΛÓÔ ÔÔÈÔ˘‰‹ÔÙÂ
Demeclocycline (400-1.200 mg ËÌÂÚËÛ›ˆ˜), Ë Ô- ÈÛÙÔÏÔÁÈÎÔ‡ Ù‡Ô˘.
Ô›· ÚÔηÏ› Ê·Ú̷΢ÙÈÎfi ¿ÔÈÔ ‰È·‚‹ÙË. ∞ÓÙ›ıÂÙ·, ÙÔ Ì˘·ÛıÂÓÈÎfi Û‡Ó‰ÚÔÌÔ (Eaton-Lam-
Á) ÀÂÚ·Û‚ÂÛÙÈ·ÈÌ›·. OÊ›ÏÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÎÈÓËÙÔ- bert syndrom) ··ÓÙ¿Ù·È Û¯Â‰fiÓ ÌfiÓÔ Û ·ÛıÂÓ›˜
Ô›ËÛË ÙÔ˘ Ca ·fi Ù· ÔÛÙ¿ Î·È Â›Ó·È ÈÔ Û˘¯Ó‹ Û Ì ÌÈÎÚÔ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈÎfi ηÚΛÓÔ. ∏ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ÂÈÎfiÓ·
·Î·ÓıÔ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈÎfi ηÚΛÓÔ. ∏ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ÂÈÎfiÓ· Û˘Ó›- Â›Ó·È ·ÚfiÌÔÈ· Ì Ù˘ Ì˘·Ûı¤ÓÂÈ·˜. ∏ ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË
ÛÙ·Ù·È Û Á·ÛÙÚÂÓÙÂÚÈΤ˜ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯¤˜, ÔÏ˘Ô˘Ú›·, Á›ÓÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÌ˘ÔÁÚ¿ÊËÌ·. ∏ ıÂڷ›·
ÔÏ˘‰È„›· Î·È ÙÂÏÈÎÒ˜ Û ·ÒÏÂÈ· Û˘Ó›‰ËÛ˘. Û˘Ó›ÛÙ·Ù·È ÛÙËÓ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛË ÙÔ˘ ÌÈÎÚÔ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈ-
∏ ıÂڷ›· ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ Ì ÂÏ·ÊÚ¿ Û˘ÌÙÒÌ·Ù· ÎÔ‡ ηÚΛÓÔ˘ Î·È ÛÙË ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË Guanidine hydro-
Û˘Ó›ÛÙ·Ù·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÓ˘‰¿ÙˆÛË, ÛÙË ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ÊˆÛÊÔ- chloride.
314 ∂¶πΔ√ª∏ ¶¡∂Àª√¡√§√°π∞
∫·Ú‰È·Î‹ º˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ηډȷ΋ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·, μ·ÚÈ¿ ηډȷ΋ ·Ó¿ÚÎÂÈ·, ™ÙÂÊ·ÓÈ·›· ÓfiÛÔ˜, ·ÚÚ˘ı̛˜,
ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· ·ÚÙËÚȷ΋ ›ÂÛË Î·È ∏∫° ÎÔÈÏȷΤ˜ ·ÚÚ˘ı̛˜, ηÎÔ‹ı˘ ˘¤ÚÙ·ÛË, ¤ÎÙˆÛË ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜
˘¤ÚÙ·ÛË (·ıÂÚ¿Â˘ÙË), Úfi- Ì˘Ôηډ›Ô˘ (ÌÈÎÚfi ÎÏ¿ÛÌ· ÂÍÒ-
ÛÊ·ÙÔ ¤ÌÊÚ·ÎÙÔ Ì˘Ôηډ›Ô˘ ıËÛ˘)
∞Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈ΋ º˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÛÈÚÔ̤ÙÚËÛË (FEV1 MfiÓÈÌË ·‡ÍËÛË Ù˘ PaCO2 ÀÔ͢ÁÔÓ·ÈÌ›· ÌÂ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋
ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· > 70% Ù˘ ÚÔ‚ÏÂÔ̤Ó˘ ÙÈÌ‹˜) > 45 mmHg, FEV1 < 35% PaCO2, FEV1 35-70% Ù˘ ÚÔ-
Î·È ·¤ÚÈ· ·›Ì·ÙÔ˜ Ù˘ ÚÔ‚ÏÂÔ̤Ó˘ ÙÈÌ‹˜, ‚ÏÂÔ̤Ó˘ ÙÈÌ‹˜
Ó¢ÌÔÓÈ΋ ˘¤ÚÙ·ÛË
π∞ Êı¿ÓÂÈ ÙÔ 80% Î·È ÙÔ˘ ÛÙ·‰›Ô˘ ππ∞ ÙÔ 60% ÙˆÓ ¯Ô˘Ó ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿ÛÂÈ ÌÂÙ·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ÙË ÛÙÈÁÌ‹ Ù˘ ‰È¿-
·ÛıÂÓÒÓ, ÂÓÒ ÁÈ’ ·˘ÙÔ‡˜ ÛÙ·‰›Ô˘ πμ Î·È ππμ 50% ÁÓˆÛË˜Ø ¤ÙÛÈ ÙÔ ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ Ù˘ ıÂڷ›·˜ Â›Ó·È Ë
Î·È 40% ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ·. ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛË ÙˆÓ Û˘ÌÙˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ Î·È fi¯È Ë ÚÈ˙È΋
∏ ÌÂÙÂÁ¯ÂÈÚËÙÈ΋ ·ÎÙÈÓÔıÂڷ›· ‰ÂÓ ‚ÂÏÙÈÒ- ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛË Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘.
ÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ÚfiÁÓˆÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ ·˘ÙÒÓØ ·ÓÙ›ıÂÙ· 3- ŒÓ·˜ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi˜ ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ (20-30%)
4 ·ÎÏÔÈ ¯ËÌÂÈÔıÂڷ›·˜ ·‡ÍËÛ·Ó ÙËÓ ÂÈ‚›ˆÛË ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË (ÂÏ¿ÙÙˆÛË ÙÔ˘
ηٿ 5% ÛÙ· ÚÒÙ· 5 ¤ÙË ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ÂÁ¯Â›ÚËÛË. ·Ú¯ÈÎÔ‡ fiÁÎÔ˘ ηٿ 50%) ÌÂ Û˘Ó‰˘·Ṳ̂ÓË ¯ËÌÂÈ-
ÔıÂڷ›·. ¢È¿ÊÔÚ· Û¯‹Ì·Ù·, fiˆ˜ Cisplatine 70-
™Ù¿‰È· πππ∞ Î·È πππμ 80 mg/m2 Î·È Paclitaxel 135 mg/m2 /Û 24 ÒÚ˜
Δ· ÛÙ¿‰È· ·˘Ù¿ ÛËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙÔ‡ÓÙ·È ·fi ÙËÓ ·ÚÔ˘- οı 3 ‚‰ÔÌ¿‰Â˜ ‹ Cisplatine 75 mg/m2 Î·È Do-
Û›· ÏÂÌÊ·‰¤ÓˆÓ ÛÙÔ ÌÂÛ·‡ÏÈÔ Û‡ÛÙÔȯ· Î·È Î¿Ùˆ cetaxel 75 mg/m2 οı 3 ‚‰ÔÌ¿‰Â˜, ÚÔοÏÂÛ·Ó
·fi ÙËÓ ÙÚfiȉ· (¡2). ∏ ÏÂÌÊ·‰ÂÓÔ¿ıÂÈ· ·ÔÙÂ- ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ Û ۯÂÙÈο ηϿ ÂÈÏÂÁ̤ÓÔ˘˜
ÏÔ‡Û ·ÓÙ¤Ó‰ÂÈÍË ¯ÂÈÚÔ˘ÚÁÈ΋˜ ıÂڷ›·˜. ·ÛıÂÓ›˜, ‰ËÏ·‰‹ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì Îϛ̷η Karnofsky
∫ÏÈÓÈΤ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ ·¤‰ÂÈÍ·Ó fiÙÈ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ÛÙ·- > 80.
‰›Ô˘ πππ∞ Î·È ÂÈÏÂÁ̤ÓÔÈ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ πππμ, Ô˘ ˘Ô- O ̤ÛÔ˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˜ ÂÈ‚›ˆÛ˘ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ IV ÛÙ·‰›Ô˘
‚Ï‹ıËÎ·Ó ÚÔÂÁ¯ÂÈÚËÙÈο Û 2 ‹ 3 ·ÎÏÔ˘˜ ¯ËÌÂÈ- ‰ÂÓ ÍÂÂÚÓ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ 4 Ì‹ÓÂ˜Ø ÌfiÓÔ ÙÔ 15% ˙ÂÈ ¿Óˆ
ÔıÂڷ›·˜ Ì ‹ ¯ˆÚ›˜ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓË ·ÎÙÈÓÔıÂڷ›· ·fi 1 ¤ÙÔ˜. ∞ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ô˘ ··ÓÙÔ‡Ó ÛÙË ¯ËÌÂÈÔıÂ-
ÚÈÓ ·fi ÙË ¯ÂÈÚÔ˘ÚÁÈ΋ ·Ê·›ÚÂÛË ÙÔ˘ fiÁÎÔ˘, ·- ڷ›· ¤¯Ô˘Ó 6-9 Ì‹Ó˜ ·Ú¿Ù·ÛË ÙÔ˘ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘ ÂÈ-
ÚÔ˘Û›·Û·Ó ηχÙÂÚË ‹ ÙÔ˘Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÓ ›‰È· ÂÈ‚›ˆÛË ‚›ˆÛ˘.
Ì’ ·˘ÙÔ‡˜ Ô˘ ˘Ô‚Ï‹ıËÎ·Ó ÛÂ Û˘Ì‚·ÙÈ΋ ıÂÚ·-
›· Ì ¯ËÌÂÈÔıÂڷ›· Î·È ·ÎÙÈÓÔıÂڷ›·. ∏ μÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎÔÈ΋ ıÂڷ›· ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÁÂÓÔ‡˜
3ÂÙ‹˜ ÂÈ‚›ˆÛË ÛÙÔ˘˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ·˘ÙÔ‡˜ Êı¿ÓÂÈ ÙÔ Î·ÚΛÓÔ˘
25-35%. ∏ ÂÓ‰Ô‚ÚÔÁ¯È΋ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË fiÁÎˆÓ ‹ Ë ›ÂÛË ÙÚ·¯Â›-
™Â ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ÛÙ·‰›Ô˘ πππ∞ Î·È πππμ Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ¯ÂÈ- ·˜ Î·È ‚ÚfiÁ¯ˆÓ ·fi ·Ú·Î›ÌÂÓÔ˘˜ fiÁÎÔ˘˜ ‹ ÏÂÌ-
ÚÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡ÓÙ·È Ë ·ÎÙÈÓÔıÂڷ›· ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÙËÓ Î·- Ê·‰¤Ó˜ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ¤Ó· ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi Úfi‚ÏËÌ· Ô˘
ıÈÂڈ̤ÓË Ì¤ıÔ‰Ô ıÂڷ›·˜. ∏ 5ÂÙ‹˜ ÂÈ‚›ˆÛË ÚÔηÏ› ¤ÓÙÔÓ· Û˘ÌÙÒÌ·Ù· (‰‡ÛÓÔÈ·, ‚‹¯·˜).
Ì ÙË ıÂڷ›· ·˘Ù‹ Â›Ó·È ÌfiÓÔ 3% Î·È 5% ·ÓÙ›- ∏ ÂÓ‰Ô‚ÚÔÁ¯È΋ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË fiÁÎˆÓ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›-
ÛÙÔȯ·. ΔÔ 70% ÙˆÓ ˘ÔÙÚÔÒÓ Û˘Ì‚·›ÓÔ˘Ó ÂÓÙfi˜ ˙ÂÙ·È Ì ıÂÚÌÔη˘ÙËÚ›·ÛË, ÎÚ˘ÔËÍ›· ‹ Ì ʈÙÔ-
ÙÔ˘ ‰›Ô˘ Ù˘ ·ÎÙÈÓÔ‚ÔÏ›·˜ Î·È ÙÔ 60% ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ- ‰˘Ó·ÌÈ΋ ıÂڷ›·. ªÂ ÙËÓ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÔÚËÁ›ٷÈ
¿˙Ô˘Ó ÌÂÙ·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ÂÓÙfi˜ ÙˆÓ ÚÒÙˆÓ 2 ÂÙÒÓ. ÛÙÔÓ ¿ÚÚˆÛÙÔ ÌÈ· ʈÙÔ‰˘Ó·ÌÈ΋ Ô˘Û›· (hemato-
O Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi˜ ·ÎÙÈÓÔıÂڷ›·˜ Ì ¯ËÌÂÈÔıÂ- porphyrin) Î·È Ë ÊˆÙÔ¢·ÈÛıËÛ›· ÂÈÙ˘Á¯¿ÓÂÙ·È
ڷ›· Ô˘ ‚·Û›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙË Cisplatine ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛ ο- Ì ÙËÓ ¤ÎıÂÛË ÙÔ˘ fiÁÎÔ˘ Ì argon-pumped laser
ˆ˜ ÙËÓ ÚfiÁÓˆÛË ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó Û ۯÂÙÈο Ô˘ ÌÂٷʤÚÂÙ·È Ì ÔÙÈ΋ ›Ó· ̤ۈ ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯Ô-
ηϋ ÁÂÓÈ΋ ηٿÛÙ·ÛË Î·È ‰ÂÓ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·˙·Ó ·Ò- ÛÎÔ›Ô˘.
ÏÂÈ· ‚¿ÚÔ˘˜. ∏ Â͈ÙÂÚÈ΋ ›ÂÛË Ù˘ ÙÚ·¯Â›·˜ ‹ ÌÂÁ¿ÏˆÓ
‚ÚfiÁ¯ˆÓ ·fi Ì¿˙· ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›˙ÂÙ·È Ì ÙË ‚ÚÔÁ¯Ô-
™Ù¿‰ÈÔ IV ÛÎÔÈ΋ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ ηٿÏÏËÏˆÓ stents.
ΔÔ 50% ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ Ì ηÚΛÓÔ ÛÙ·‰›Ô˘ IV ¤-
μÈ‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·
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™¶ANIA KAKOH£H NEO¶§A™MATA ∞·ÓÙ¿Ù·È ÂÍ›ÛÔ˘ Û˘¯Ó¿ ÛÙȘ Á˘Ó·›Î˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜
TOY ¶NEYMON∞ ¿Ó‰Ú˜ Î·È ‰ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ·Ô‰Â›ÍÂȘ fiÙÈ Â›Ó·È Û˘-
∫·ÚÎÈÓÔÂȉ¤˜ ¯ÓfiÙÂÚÔ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ηÓÈÛÙ¤˜.
ªÂÙ¿ ÙÔÓ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÁÂÓ‹ ηÚΛÓÔ ÙÔ Î·ÚÎÈÓÔÂȉ¤˜ πÛÙÔÏÔÁÈÎÒ˜ ·ÔÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi ÌÈÎÚ¿ ÔÏ˘Â‰ÚÈ-
·ÔÙÂÏ› ÙÔÓ ÈÔ Û˘¯Ófi ηÚΛÓÔ ÙÔ˘ Ó‡ÌÔÓ· ο ·ÙÙ·Ú· Ô˘ Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙Ô˘Ó ‰¤Û̘ Î·È ÊˆÏȤ˜,
(4%). ΔÔ ÓÂfiÏ·ÛÌ· ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·fi Ó¢ÚÔÂÎÎÚÈ- Ì ‰È·Ù¿ÍÂȘ Ô˘ ÌÔÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó Ì ΢„ÂÏ›‰Â˜ ‹ ·‰¤Ó˜.
ÙÈο ·ÙÙ·Ú· Î·È ˘¿ÁÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ Û‡ÛÙËÌ· APUD. ªÂÚÈο ·fi Ù· ηÚÎÈÓÔÂȉ‹ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·˘ÍË̤Ó˜ ÌÈ-
318 ∂¶πΔ√ª∏ ¶¡∂Àª√¡√§√°π∞
∂ÈÎfiÓ· 17.15. ∫·ÚÎÈÓÔÂȉ¤˜. ∞. ¶‡ÎÓˆÛË Î·È ÌÂÚÈ΋ ·ÙÂÏÂÎÙ·Û›· ÙÔ˘ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚÔ‡ οو ÏÔ‚Ô‡ (‚¤ÏË). μ. ™ÙË ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÁÚ·Ê›·
‰È·ÈÛÙÒÓÂÙ·È ¤ÏÏÂÈÌÌ· Ï‹ÚˆÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÛı›Ô˘ ÙÔȯÒÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚfiÁ¯Ô˘ ÙÔ˘ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚÔ‡ οو ÏÔ‚Ô‡ (Ì·‡ÚÔ ‚¤ÏÔ˜), ÌÂÙ¿
ÙËÓ ¤ÎÊ˘ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÎÔÚ˘Ê·›Ô˘ ‚ÚfiÁ¯Ô˘ (·ÚÈÛÙÂÚfi Ï¢Îfi ‚¤ÏÔ˜). ¶·Ú·ÙËÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÂÎٷۛ˜ Î·È ÂÏ¿ÙÙˆÛË ÙÔ˘ fiÁÎÔ˘ ÙÔ˘
οو ÏÔ‚Ô‡. ∞ÓÙÈÛÙ·ıÌÈÛÙÈ΋ ·‡ÍËÛË ÙÔ˘ fiÁÎÔ˘ Ù˘ ÁψÛÛ›‰·˜ Ô˘ ˘Ô‰ËÏÒÓÂÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ ·‡ÍËÛË Ù˘ ·fiÛÙ·Û˘ ÙˆÓ ‰‡Ô
‚ÚfiÁ¯ˆÓ Ù˘ (‰ÂÍÈfi ¿ÛÚÔ ‚¤ÏÔ˜).
μÈ‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·
Golby TV, Carrington CB. Pulmonary lymphomas: Current concepts. Hum Pathol 1983; 14: 884-887.
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™˘¯Ó¿ fiÁÎÔÈ ¿ÏÏˆÓ ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÓ ÌÂı›ÛÙ·ÓÙ·È ÛÙÔÓ ∞Ú¯È΋ ÂÓÙfiÈÛË fiÁÎÔ˘ ™˘¯ÓfiÙËÙ· Ó¢ÌÔÓÈÎÒÓ
ÌÂÙ·ÛÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ (%)
Ó‡ÌÔÓ·. ™ÙÔÓ ›Ó·Î· 17.7 ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È Ë Û˘¯Ófi-
ÙËÙ· Ì ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ‰È¿ÊÔÚÔÈ fiÁÎÔÈ Î¿ÓÔ˘Ó ÌÂÙ·- ÃÔÚÈÔηÚΛӈ̷ 70-100
ŸÚ¯ÂȘ 70-80
ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ÛÙÔÓ Ó‡ÌÔÓ·. ªÂϿӈ̷ 66-80
OÈ Ó¢ÌÔÓÈΤ˜ ÌÂÙ·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ Â›Ó·È Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ ·- £˘ÚÂÔÂȉ‹˜ 65
ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ÏÂÌÊÔÁÂÓÔ‡˜ ‹ ·ÈÌ·ÙÔÁÂÓÔ‡˜ ‰È·ÛÔ- ª·ÛÙfi˜ 60
¡ÂÊÚfi˜ 50-75
Ú¿˜. ¶ÈÔ Û¿ÓÈ· fiÁÎÔÈ Ù˘ ÎÔÈÏ›·˜ Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·Ùfi Ó·
§¤Ìʈ̷ Hodgkin 50-70
ÂÂÎÙ·ıÔ‡Ó “ηٿ Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÈÛÙÔ‡” ÛÙÔÓ Ó‡ÌÔ- ª‹ÙÚ· 30-40
Ó·. ªË Hodgkin ϤÌʈ̷ 30-40
Δ· Û˘ÌÙÒÌ·Ù· ÂÍ·ÚÙÒÓÙ·È ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÓÙfiÈÛË ¶¿ÁÎÚ·˜ 25-40
¶·¯‡ ¤ÓÙÂÚÔ 25-40
ÙÔ˘ fiÁÎÔ˘. ªÂÙ·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ÛÙÔ Ó¢ÌÔÓÈÎfi ·Ú¤Á¯˘- ∫‡ÛÙË 25-30
Ì· Â›Ó·È ·Û˘Ìو̷ÙÈΤ˜ ÁÈ· ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ·. ∏ ¶Ó‡ÌÔÓ·˜ 20-40
ÏÂÌÊÔÁÂÓ‹˜ ‰È·ÛÔÚ¿ ÚÔηÏ› ‰‡ÛÓÔÈ·, ÍËÚfi √ÈÛÔÊ¿ÁÔ˜ 20-35
™ÙfiÌ·¯Ô˜ 20-30
‚‹¯·. OÈ ÂÓ‰Ô‚ÚÔÁ¯ÈΤ˜ ÌÂÙ·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó ¶ÚÔÛÙ¿Ù˘ 13-53
ÛËÌ›· ‚ÚÔÁ¯È΋˜ ·fiÊڷ͢, ·ÙÂÏÂÎٷۛ˜ Î·È ™ÙfiÌ· – §¿Ú˘ÁÁ·˜ 13-40
Ó¢ÌÔÓÈΤ˜ ÏÔÈÌÒÍÂȘ, ÂÓÒ Ë ÌÂÙ¿ÛÙ·ÛË ÛÙÔÓ øÔı‹Î˜ 10
˘Â˙ˆÎfiÙ· ÛËÌ›· Ï¢ڛÙȉ·˜.
∞ÎÙÈÓÔÏÔÁÈÎÒ˜ Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·Ùfi Ó· ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó Ì›· ‹ (ÂÈÎ. 17.17), ¯ˆÚ›˜ Ó· ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Ó¢ÌÔÓÈ΋ ÂÓÙfiÈ-
ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ Ì¿˙˜ fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ Û¯ËÌ¿ÙˆÓ Î·È ‰È·- ÛË. ªÂÙ·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ Ô˘ ‰›ÓÔ˘Ó ÂÈÎfiÓ· Ó¢ÌÔÓ›·˜ ‹
ÛÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ (ÂÈÎ. 17.16). OÈ Ì¿˙˜ ·˘Ù¤˜ Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·Ùfi ·ÙÂÏÂÎÙ·Û›·˜ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È Û¿ÓȘ. ™˘¯Ó‹ Â›Ó·È Ë
Ó· ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó Î·È ÎÔÈÏfiÙËÙ˜. Δ· ÓÂÔÏ¿ÛÌ·- ÏÂÌÊÔÁÂÓ‹˜ ‰È·ÛÔÚ¿ Ô˘ ‰›ÓÂÈ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈ΋
Ù· ÙÔ˘ fiÚ¯ÂÔ˜, ÙÔ ˘ÂÚÓ¤Êڈ̷ Î·È ÔÈ fiÁÎÔÈ ÙÔ˘ ÂÈÎfiÓ· (ÂÈÎ. 17.18). §ÂÌÊÔÁÂÓ‹˜ ‰È·ÛÔÚ¿ ··-
·¯¤Ô˜ ÂÓÙ¤ÚÔ˘ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó Ô˙Ò‰ÂȘ ÌÂÙ·ÛÙ¿- ÓÙ¿Ù·È Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ Û ÓÂÔÏ¿ÛÌ·Ù· ÙÔ˘ Ì·ÛÙÔ‡, ÙÔ˘
ÛÂȘ. ¶ÔÏϤ˜ ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÔÈ ÌÂÙ·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ÂΉËÏÒÓÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔÌ¿¯Ô˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘ Ó‡ÌÔÓ·. Δ¤ÏÔ˜, Ù· ¯ÔÚÈÔηÚ-
ˆ˜ Ï¢ڛÙȉ· ‹ ˆ˜ ‰È·Ï¿Ù˘ÓÛË ÙÔ˘ ÌÂÛ·˘Ï›Ô˘ ÎÈÓÒÌ·Ù· ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó Ó¢ÌÔÓÈΤ˜ ÌÂÙ·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ Ô˘
320 ∂¶πΔ√ª∏ ¶¡∂Àª√¡√§√°π∞
∂ÈÎfiÓ· 17.16. ªÂÙ·ÛÙ·ÙÈÎfi˜ ηÚΛÓÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ Ó‡ÌÔÓ· ·fi ∂ÈÎfiÓ· 17.18. §ÂÌÊÔÁÂÓ‹˜ ‰È·ÛÔÚ¿ Û ·ÛıÂÓ‹ Ì ηÚΛ-
˘ÂÚÓ¤Êڈ̷. ¢È¿Û·ÚÙ˜ ÌÂÁ·ÏÔÔ˙Ò‰ÂȘ ÛÎÈ¿ÛÂȘ. ÓÔ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙÔÌ¿¯Ô˘.
∂ÈÎfiÓ· 17.17. ¡fiÛÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ Hodgkin. ¢È·Ï¿Ù˘ÓÛË ·Ú·- ∂ÈÎfiÓ· 17.19. ∫¯ÚÔÂȉ‹˜ ‰È·ÛÔÚ¿ Û ·ÛıÂÓ‹ Ì ¯ÔÚÈÔ-
ÙÚ·¯ÂÈ·ÎÒÓ ·‰¤ÓˆÓ. ηÚΛӈ̷.
μÈ‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·
Fridmann G, Bohndorf K, et al. Radiology of pulmonary metastasis. Thor Cardiov Surg 1986; 2: 120-124.
Gilbert H, Kagan R. Metastases: Incidence; detection and evaluation without histologic confirmation. In: Weiss L, ed.
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Rosenberg SA. Surgical treatment of metastatic cancer. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1987.
Weiss L, Gilbert H. Pulmonary Metastasis. Boston: GK Hall Co, 1978: 336.
17. ∫∞ƒ∫π¡√™ Δ√À ¶¡∂Àª√¡∞ 321
∂ÈÎfiÓ· 17.20. ¶Ó¢ÌÔÓÈÎfi ·Ì¿Úو̷. ™ÙËÓ ·Ï‹ ·ÎÙÈÓÔÁÚ·Ê›· (∞) Î·È ÛÙËÓ ÙÔÌÔÁÚ·Ê›· (μ) ‰È·ÁÚ¿ÊÂÙ·È ˆ˜ ÓÔÌÈÛÌ·ÙÔ-
Âȉ‹˜ ÛΛ·ÛË Ì ۷ÊÒ˜ ·ÊÔÚÈṲ̂ӷ ¯Â›ÏË. °. ™˘¯Ó¿ Ù· ·Ì·ÚÙÒÌ·Ù· ÂÚȤ¯Ô˘Ó ·Û‚¤ÛÙÈÔ Ô˘ ·›ÚÓÂÈ ÙË ÌÔÚÊ‹ pop-corn
(·ÎÙÈÓÔÁÚ·Ê›· ÙÔ˘ fiÁÎÔ˘ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ·Ê·›ÚÂÛË Î·È ‰È·ÙÔÌ‹ ÙÔ˘).
322 ∂¶πΔ√ª∏ ¶¡∂Àª√¡√§√°π∞
μÈ‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·
Arrigoni MM, Woolner LB, et al. Benign tumors of the lung: A ten-year surgical experience. J Thor Card Surg 1970; 60:
589-599.
Carrington CB, Cugell DW, et al. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: Physiologic-pathologic-radiologic correlations. Am Rev
Resp Dis 1977; 116: 977-995.
Dishner W, Cordasca EM, et al. Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Chest 1984; 85: 796-799.
Fudge TL, Ochsner JL, et al. Clinical spectrum of pulmonary hamartomas. Am Thorac Surg 1980; 30: 36-41.
Miller DR. Benign tumors of the lung and tracheobronchial tree. Ann Thorac Surg 1969; 8: 542-560.