S

iatkc foèkku lHkk us iatkc iqfyl la'kksèku foèks;d] 2023 ikfjr fd;k
;g foèks;d iqfyl egkfuns'kd (DGP) dh p;u çfØ;k esa la'kksèku djrk gSA lkFk gh] Lo;a jkT; ljdkj }kjk mldh fu;qfä fd, tkus dk ekxZ ç'kLr

A
djrk gSA
jkT; ljdkj us ;g rdZ nsdj foèks;d dks mfpr Bgjk;k gS fd ^yksd O;oLFkk vkSj iqfyl* lafoèkku dh lkroÈ vuqlwph esa jkT; lwph ds fo"k; gSaA

I
bl foèks;d ds ekè;e ls iatkc iqfyl vfèkfu;e] 2007 esa la'kksèku fd;k tk,xkA blds ihNs dh ea'kk ;g gS fd DGP ds in ij fu;qfä ds fy, UPSC
}kjk rS;kj iSuy esa ls pquus dh vko';drk dks njfdukj fd;k tk ldsA
DGP ds in ij fu;qfä dh orZeku çfØ;k
DGP dh fu;qfä çdk'k Çlg cuke Hkkjr la?k ¼2006½ ekeys esa lqçhe dksVZ }kjk iqfyl lqèkkjksa ij fn, x, fn'kk&funsZ'kksa ds vkèkkj ij dh tkrh gSA
bu fn'kk&funsZ'kksa ds vuqlkj] jkT; ljdkj ik= vfèkdkfj;ksa dh ,d lwph dks UPSC ds ikl Hkstrh gSA
lwph çkIr djus ds ckn UPSC bl lwph esa ls rhu vfèkdkfj;ksa ds ukeksa dks 'k‚VZfyLV djrh gSA blds mijkar jkT; ljdkj bu rhu ukeksa esa ls ,d dk

N
p;u dj ysrh gSA
lqçhe dksVZ us 2018 ds vius vkns'k esa dgk Fkk fd jkT; ;k dsaæ ljdkj }kjk fu;qfä ds ekeys esa fn, x, funsZ'k ds foijhr cuk;k x;k dksà Hkh fu;e@
dkuwu fuyafcr ekuk tk,xkA
gkykafd] iatkc foèkku lHkk }kjk ikfjr ;g foèks;d jkT; ljdkj dks ,d lkr lnL;h; euksu;u lfefr dk xBu djus dk vfèkdkj çnku djrk gSA

O
Çgnw dq'k fgeky; esa ty] cQZ] lekt vkSj ikfjfLFkfrdh&ra= (Water, Ice, Society, and
Ecosystems in the Hindu Kush Himalaya: HI&WISE) fjiksVZ tkjh dh xÃ

I
HI-WISE fjiksVZ dks baVjus'kuy lsaVj Q‚j baVhxzsVsM ekmaVsu MsoyiesaV (ICIMOD) us tkjh fd;k gSA
Çgnw dq'k fgeky; (HKH) nqfu;k dh lcls Åaph ioZr J`a[kykvksa esa ls ,d gSA bls ^rhljk èkzqo* rFkk ^,f'k;k dk okVj Vkoj* Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
fjiksVZ ds çeq[k Çcnq
Øk;ksLQh;j% Xysf'k;j ds fi?kyus (mass loss) esa 65% dh rsth vkà gSA

S
bl lnh ds var rd Xysf'k;lZ ds orZeku vk;ru dk yxHkx 80% fgLlk u"V gks ldrk gSA
çeq[k lq>ko% Xysf'k;jksa ds fi?kyus ds çHkkoksa dk vkdyu fd;k tkuk pkfg,A bl vuq:i vuqdwyu lacaèkh j.kuhfr;ka cukuh pkfg,A

I
iekZÝ‚LV esa gksus okys cnykoksa dk Hkh vkdyu djuk vko';d gSA blds ifj.kkeLo:i] vkthfodk vkSj cqfu;knh <kaps ds le{k mRiUu [krjksa dk Hkh
vkdyu djuk t:jh gSA
iekZÝ‚LV e`nk dh eksVh mi&lrgh ijr gksrh gSA bldk rkieku o"kZ Hkj fgekad Çcnq ls uhps cuk jgrk gSA
ty% Xysf'k;lZ ds rsth ls fi?kyus ds dkj.k bl 'krkCnh ds yxHkx eè; rd ihd
okVj dh fLFkfr iSnk gks tk,xhA ihd okVj ls vk'k; gS fd ftl nj ls ty dh [kir

V
ikfj
fL
gks jgh gksxh] mlh nj ls rkts ty dh vkiwÆr djus okys lzksr dh Hkjikà ugÈ gks jgh
Fkfr
çtkfr;k
a

gksxhA
dh&r=a

Xysf'k;j ds fldqM+us ls ^Lyks v‚ulsV* ds lkFk&lkFk Hkkjh o"kkZ dk [krjk c<+ tkus ck;ksLQh;j
ds çek.k Hkh çkIr gq, gSaA l so k ,a
ifj

Lyks v‚ulsV bosaV~l ls vk'k; rkieku esa o`f)( e#LFkyhdj.k( tSo fofoèkrk ds
oruZ

uqdlku( Hkwfe vkSj ou {kj.k( Xysf'k;j ds fi?kyus( egklkxj vEyhdj.k( leqæ ry

esa o`f) rFkk yo.khdj.k dh ?kVukvksa ls tqM+s [krjksa o çHkkoksa ls gSA
vkSj çHkko
çfØ;k

çeq[k lq>ko%
j
Xysf'k;

Xysf'k;j ds fi?kyrs ty ij c<+rh fuHkZjrk ds lacaèk esa dk;Z ;kstuk rS;kj djus
fge

dh vko';drk gSA Øk;ksLQh;j

ikfjfLFkfrdh&ra=% tyok;q ifjorZu ds dkj.k Øk;ksLQh;j ds {ks= esa deh vk jgh gSA
vio i e kZ Ý ‚ L V
bldh otg ls Xysf'k;j fi?ky jgs gSa] fgekoj.k esa deh vk jgh gS] iekZÝ‚LV {ks= fldqM+ k
g

lLa

jgs gSa vkfnA

vkthfodk
o"kkZ

—fr

çeq[k lq>ko% ç—fr vkèkkfjr lekèkkuksa dks viukus dh vko';drk gSA

gkbMªksLQh;j
blds fy, nf{k.k&nf{k.k lg;ksx dks c<+kok fn;k tkuk pkfg,A lekt
[ k r jsa v ki nk
lekt
Øk;ksLQh;j esa rsth ls cnyko] rhoz tula[;k o`f) vkSj cqfu;knh <kaps ds rsth ls m ik;
fodkl ds dkj.k [krjs esa o`f) gqà gSA
çeq[k lq>ko%
mi;qZä cnykoksa ds vU; ns'kksa ij iM+us okys çHkkoksa dks le>us ds fy, vkilh lg;ksx dks c<+kuk pkfg,A
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Hkkjrh; nwjlapkj fofu;ked çkfèkdj.k (TRAI) us *Hkkjr esa lcejhu dscy fcNkus ds fy, ykblsaÇlx
ÝseodZ vkSj fofu;ked ra=* ls tqM+h flQkfj'ksa tkjh dh gSa
bl ÝseodZ ds ekè;e ls Hkkjr esa lcejhu ¼leqæ ds uhps½ dscy ySaÇMx LVs'ku (CLS) LFkkfir djus lacaèkh fu;eksa dks vklku cuk;k tk ldsxkA
vxLr 2022 esa nwjlapkj foHkkx us lcejhu dscy (SMC) vkSj dscy ySaÇMx LVs'ku (CLS) ls lacafèkr Çprk,a çdV dh FkhA lkFk gh] bu Çprkvksa ds lekèkku
ds fy, dqN flQkfj'ksa djus dks Hkh dgk FkkA
SMC leqæ fury ij fcNkà tkrh gSaA ;s ns'kksa dks fMftVy :i ls vkil esa tksM+rh gSaA lkFk gh] ;s LFkyh; nwjlapkj usVodZ dks Hkh vkil esa tksM+rh
gSaA blds foijhr] CLS ns'k esa og LFkku gksrk gS] tgka ,d lcejhu dscy tehu ds Åij (CLS) vkrh gSA
çeq[k Çcnq

S
CLS vkSj lcejhu dscy (SMC) ds ifjpkyu o j[kj[kko lsokvksa dks vko';d lsokvksa rFkk egRoiw.kZ lwpuk volajpuk (CII) dk ntkZ fn;k tk ldrk
gSA
CLS vkSj lcejhu dscy ds ifjpkyu o j[kj[kko ds fy, vko';d oLrqvksa ,oa lkefxz;ksa dks lhek 'kqYd rFkk GST ls NwV nh tkuh pkfg,A
SMC vkSj CLS ds fy, vko';d i;kZoj.kh; çHkko vkdyu (EIA) rFkk rVh; fofu;eu {ks= (CRZ) lacaèkh eatwjh ds fy, vkosnu Hkh ljy lapkj iksVZy

A
ds ,d fgLls ds :i esa v‚uykbu fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Hkkjr esa ‘CLS’ vkSj ‘SMC’ dks c<+kok nsus] lajf{kr djus rFkk çkFkfedrk nsus ds fy, Hkkjrh; nwjlapkj foèks;d] 2022 esa ,d [kaM 'kkfey fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

I
;g foèks;d nwjlapkj volajpuk rS;kj djus ds fy, jkbV v‚Q os dk ç;ksx djus gsrq
,d ra= çnku djrk gSA ^jkbV v‚Q os* ls vk'k; fdlh vU; O;fä@laLFkk ds LokfeRo e-NAM iksVZy }kjk foÙk o"kZ 2024 esa
okyh okLrfod laifÙk esa ls ekxZ çkIr djus dk vfèkdkj gSA
Hkkjr ds vkS"kfèk egkfu;a=d ¼DCGI½ us Hkkjr ds igys 1 fVªfy;u #i;s ds O;kikj dks ikj
mRNA vkèkkfjr oSDlhu dks eatwjh çnku dh gS djus dk vuqeku gS

N
e-NAM ¼us'kuy ,xzhdYpj ekdsZV½ ,d vf[ky Hkkjrh;
GEMCOVAC&OM ,d mRNA vkèkkfjr dksfoM&19 cwLVj oSDlhu gSA bls tsuksok ck;ks bysDVª‚fud VªsÇMx iksVZy gSA bls 2016 esa y‚Up fd;k
QkekZL;qfVdYl fyfeVsM us cuk;k gSA DCGI us blds vkikrdkyhu mi;ksx dh vuqefr x;k FkkA ;g iksVZy ekStwnk —f"k mit cktkj lfefr
¼EUA½ çnku dj nh gSA eafM;ksa dks ,d lkFk tksM+rk gSA
;g ,d yk;ksfQykbTM ¼Ýht MªkÃM½ oSDlhu gSA bls 2&8 fMxzh lsfYl;l rkieku ij ;g iksVZy fuEufyf[kr lqfoèkkvksa ds ekè;e ls —f"k

O
lqjf{kr :i ls HkaMkfjr fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl rkieku jsat esa blds xq.kksa esa dksà cnyko Çtlksa ds fy, ,d ,dh—r jk"Vªh; cktkj dk fuekZ.k
ugÈ vkrk gSA bls Vªksfil uked fMokbl dk mi;ksx djds ejht dks fn;k tkrk gSA djrk gS%

I
Vªksfil ,d ,slh rduhd dk mi;ksx djrk gS] ftlesa oSDlhu dks lqà dk mi;ksx fd, leLr ,dh—r cktkjksa esa çfØ;kvksa dks lqO;ofLFkr
fcuk Ropk ds tfj, 'kjhj esa igqapk;k tkrk gSA blds fy, ;g midj.k rjy oSDlhu djds]
dks mPp nkc ij 'kjhj esa ços'k djokrk gSA [kjhnkjksa vkSj foØsrkvksa ds chp lwpuk esa dfe;ksa dks
uà nokvksa@oSDlhu dk uSnkfud ijh{k.k ¼Clinical trials½ o vuqeksnu vkS"kfèk vkSj çlkèku nwj djds] rFkk
lkexzh vfèkfu;e] 1940 ds çkoèkkuksa ds rgr uà vkS"kfèk vkSj uSnkfud ijh{k.k fu;ekoyh] 2019 jh;y&Vkbe vkèkkj ij Çtlksa dh dher r; djus

S
}kjk fd;k@fn;k tkrk gSA dks c<+kok nsdjA
dsaæh; vkS"kfèk ekud fu;a=.k laxBu ¼CDSCO½ dks oSDlhu ds fy, eatwjh nsus dk vfèkdkj ;g iksVZy iwjh rjg ls dsaæ ljdkj }kjk foÙk iksf"kr

I
gSA CDSCO dh vè;{krk DCGI djrs gSaA gSA bls dsaæh; —f"k vkSj fdlku dY;k.k ea=ky; ds
oSDlhu ds ijh{k.k vkSj mlds ckn ds vuqeksnu esa iwoZ&uSnkfud pj.k rFkk ekuo uSnkfud rgr y?kq —"kd —f"k&O;kikj la?k dk;kZfUor djrk gSA
ijh{k.kksa ds rhu pj.k 'kkfey gksrs gSaA e-NAM dh vU; çeq[k fo'ks"krk,a
iwoZ&uSnkfud pj.k esa euq";ksa ij ijh{k.k ugÈ fd;k tkrk gSA ;g iksVZy e-NWR ¼bysDVª‚fud usxksf'k,cy
mRNA vkèkkfjr oSDlhu ds ckjs esa

V
os;jgkml fjflIV½ ds vkèkkj ij xksnkeksa ls O;kikj dh
;g ,d çdkj dh oSDlhu gS] tks eSlsatj RNA ¼mRNA½ v.kqvksa dk mi;ksx djds 'kjhj lqfoèkk çnku djrk gSA
dh dksf'kdkvksa dks ,d fo'ks"k çksVhu cukus dk funsZ'k nsrk gSA ;g çksVhu jksxk.kqvksa ds NWR ç.kkyh ds rgr xksnke esa HkaMkfjr oLrq dks
f[kykQ çfrj{kk çfrfØ;k dks lfØ; djrk gSA HkkSfrd :i ls forfjr fd, fcuk mlds LokfeRo
,d ckj tc mRNA dks 'kjhj esa batsDV dj fn;k tkrk gS] rks dksf'kdk,a blds funsZ'kksa dk gLrkarj.k dj fn;k tkrk gSA
dks le>dj mlds vuq:i çksVhu dk mRiknu djrh gSaA IysVQ‚eZ v‚Q IysVQ‚ElZ (PoP) dh lqfoèkk miyCèk
blds ckn ;g yf{kr jksxk.kqvksa ds f[kykQ çfrfØ;k dh igpku djus vkSj mls vkxs djkà xà gSA blls fdlku vius jkT; dh lhek ds
c<+kus ds fy, çfrj{kk ç.kkyh dks lfØ; djrk gSA ckgj Hkh viuh mit csp ldrs gSaA
bl ij vyx&vyx IysVQ‚ElZ ds 41 lsok çnkrk
mRNA oSDlhu ikjaifjd oSDlhu O;kikj] xq.koÙkk tkap] HkaMkj.k] fQuVsd tSlh fofoèk
vuqlaèkku
?kVd o fodkl ?kVd ewY; J`a[kyk lsok,a çnku djrs gSaA
mRNA ¼çksVhu dk CywÇçV½ çfrj{kk ç.kkyh ekbØksfc;y çksVhu e-NAM IysVQ‚eZ ds lkFk vkÆVfQf'k;y
dks lfØ; ;k fuf"Ø; ekbØksc baVsfytsal (AI) vkèkkfjr lgk;d midj.kksa dks
djus ds fy,
mRiknu fuèkkZfjr mRiknu ,dh—r fd;k x;k gSA
bldk mRiknu rsth ls fd;k tk ldrk ,aVhtu
vko';d çksVhu dk mRiknu e-NAM ds varxZr fuEufyf[kr çeq[k ifj.kke çkIr
ifj.kke
gS] D;ksafd mRNA v.kqvksa dk mRiknu èkheh xfr ls gksrk gS rFkk ;g djus ds y{; j[ks x, gSa%
djuk vis{kk—r vklku gksrk gS ;g 'kjhj esa vfèkd tfVy dk;Z gksrk gSA
jksxk.kqvksa dk lkeuk ,d jkT; ds lHkh cktkjksa esa O;kikj ds fy, ,dy
çfØ;k
çfØ;k djus ds fy,
?kVdksa dks ,d ç;ksx'kkyk esa rS;kj ykblsal]
oSDlhu ds ?kVdksa dks cktw esa batsDV vko';d çfrj{kk
ç.kkyh dk fodkl fd;k tkrk gS vkSj çfrj{kk çfrfØ;k cktkj 'kqYd ds fy, ,dy Çcnq]
fd;k tkrk gSA ;g 'kjhj dh dksf'kdkvksa dks lfØ; djus ds fy, cktw esa
dks ekbØksfc;y çksVhu cukus ds funsZ'k
djrk gSA vkiwÆr J`a[kyk esa lqèkkj vkSj mit dh cckZnh esa deh
batsDV fd;k tkrk gSA
ds :i esa dk;Z djrk gS vkfnA
 8468022022 www.visionias.in

dsaæ ljdkj dh 5 lnL;h; Vhe Hkkjr esa ghVoso ¼yw½ ls lcls vfèkd çHkkfor jkT;ksa dk nkSjk
djsxh
ghVoso ok;q ds mPp rkieku dh ,d fLFkfr gksrh gSA blds lhèks
laidZ esa vkus ij ekuo 'kjhj dks xaHkhj uqdlku igqap ldrk gSA c‚Dl 1% Hkkjr esa ghVoso dh igpku
bls fdlh {ks= esa okLrfod rkieku ds mPp Lrj ;k lkekU; 40 fMxzh lsfYl;l 30 fMxzh lsfYl;l
ghVoso dh fLFkfr dc ekuh tkrh gS\
ls c<+dj fdlh fu;r rkieku rd igq¡pus ds vkèkkj ij vfèkdre rkieku eSnkuh {ks= esa igkM+h {ks= esa
ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tkrk gSA

S
ghVoso dh fLFkfr dc çHkkoh ekuh tkrh xaHkhj ghVoso dh fLFkfr dc çHkkoh ekuh ghVoso dh fLFkfr
IMD ds vuqlkj] yw dh fLFkfr rc ekuh tkrh gS tc fdlh LFkku gS\ tkrh gS\
dk vfèkdre rkieku eSnkuh {ks=ksa ds fy, de ls de 40 fMxzh dc ?kksf"kr dh
lkekU; vfèkdre lkekU; ls vfèkd lkekU; vfèkdre lkekU; ls vfèkd tkuh pkfg,\
lsfYl;l ;k mlls vfèkd vkSj igkM+h {ks=ksa ds fy, de ls de rkieku rkieku ntZ fd;k x;k
30 fMxzh lsfYl;l ;k mlls vfèkd rd igqap tkrk gSA vfèkdre rkieku
40 fMxzh lsfYl;l 4&5 fMxzh lsfYl;l lHkh LFkkuksa ij 45
lkekU; vkSlr rkieku esa cnyko ds vkèkkj ij oxÊdj.k 40 fMxzh lsfYl;l 6 fMxzh lsfYl;l ;k

A
ls Åij ;k mlls vfèkd ls Åij vfèkd fMxzh lsfYl;l ij ;k
ghVoso& lkekU; 4-5 fMxzh lsfYl;l ls 6-40 fMxzh lsfYl;l mlls Åij gks rc
rd cnykoA rVh; LFkkuksa ij

I
40 fMxzh lsfYl;l 5&6 fMxzh lsfYl;l 40 fMxzh lsfYl;l 7 fMxzh lsfYl;l ;k
;k mlls vfèkd 40 fMxzh
çpaM@xaHkhj ghVoso& lkekU; rkieku esa cnyko > 6-40 ;k mlls uhps ij ;k mlls uhps vfèkd
lsfYl;l ;k
fMxzh lsfYl;l rdA uksV% 1970&1999 ds vkSlr ekulwu&iwoZ xzh"edkyhu nSfud rkieku dks lkekU; mlls Åij gks
rc
okLrfod rkieku ds vkèkkj ij oxÊdj.k rkieku ds :i es a ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gS A

ghVoso& vfèkdre rkieku 45 fMxzh lsfYl;l ds ikj ;k mlds cjkcjA

çpaM@xaHkhj ghVoso& vfèkdre rkieku 47 fMxzh lsfYl;l ds ikj ;k mlds cjkcjA

N
ghVoso ls fuiVus ds fy, fd, x, ç;kl
xeÊ ls lacafèkr chekfj;ksa ij jk"Vªh; dk;Z ;kstuk ¼NAP&HRI½
bls 2021 esa LokLF; vkSj ifjokj dY;k.k ea=ky; us tkjh fd;k FkkA
;g ghVoso] xeÊ ls lacafèkr chekfj;ksa vkSj muds çkFkfed ls r`rh;d Lrj rd çcaèku ls iSnk gqà pqukSfr;ksa dh :ijs[kk rS;kj djrh gSA
ghVoso ij jk"Vªh; vkink çcaèku çkfèkdj.k ¼NDMA½ ds fn'kk&funsZ'kksa dk ikyu fd;k tkrk gSA

O
vU; lqÆ[k+;ka

I
deZpkjh Hkfo"; fufèk laxBu ¼EPFO½

S
mRifÙk% bls 1951 esa deZpkjh Hkfo"; fufèk vkSj çdh.kZ micaèk vfèkfu;e] 1952 ds rgr LFkkfir fd;k
x;k FkkA

I
ea=ky;% ;g dsaæh; Je vkSj jkstxkj ea=ky; ds vèkhu dk;Z djrk gSA

Hkwfedk% EPFO ns'k dk çeq[k laxBu gS] tks laxfBr@v)Z&laxfBr {ks= ds dk;Zcy dks lkekftd
deZpkjh Hkfo"; fufèk laxBu
lqj{kk ds ykHk çnku djus ds fy, ftEesnkj gSA EPFO }kjk çnku dh tkus okyh lkekftd lqj{kkvksa
¼EPFO½
dks fuEufyf[kr dkuwuksa ds ekè;e ls doj fd;k tkrk gS&

V
deZpkjh Hkfo"; fufèk ;kstuk 1952 ¼EPF½(
deZpkjh isa'ku ;kstuk 1995 ¼EPS½(
,aIy‚; fMi‚ftV ÇyDM ba';ksjsal Ldhe] 1976 ¼EDLI½ vkfnA

gj lky 21 twu dks xzh"e laØkafr dh HkkSxksfyd ifj?kVuk ?kfVr gksrh gSA
xzh"e laØkafr og le; gS] tc lw;Z lhèks ddZ js[kk ds Åij gksrk gSA bl fnu lw;Z dk çdk'k èkjrh ij lcls yacs le;
rd jgrk gSA
21 twu dks mÙkjh xksykèkZ esa o"kZ dk lcls yack fnu gksrk gSA bl fnu dks vkfèkdkfjd rkSj ij xeÊ ds ekSle dh
xzh"e v;ukar ;k xzh"e 'kq#vkr ekuk tkrk gSA
laØkafr ¼Summer bl fnu i`Foh dk v{kh; >qdko Hkh lcls vfèkd gksrk gSA
Solstice½ bl fnu lw;Z vkdk'k esa vius mPpre Çcnq ij igqap tkrk gSA

ÞCyw vks'ku bosaVÞ 'kCnkoyh dk ç;ksx ,d dkYifud ifj?kVuk ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA blesa vkdZfVd egklkxj xeÊ ds
eghuksa ds nkSjku cQZ eqä gks tkrk gSA
;g ,d ,sls ifj–'; dk o.kZu djrk gS] tgka vkdZfVd esa leqæh cQZ bl lhek rd fi?ky tkrh gS fd dsoy NksVs
;k fc[kjs gq, cQZ ds VqdM+s fn[kkà nsrs gSa ;k iwjh rjg ls cQZ eqä egklkxj dh lrg gh 'ks"k cprh gSA
BOE vkdZfVd ç.kkyh esa ,d fØfVdy fVÇix i‚baV dks n'kkZrk gSA ,slk blfy,] D;ksafd leqæh cQZ ftruh vfèkd ek=k
Cyw vks'ku bosaV esa fi?kyrh gS] varfj{k esa ijkoÆrr lw;Z&çdk'k dh ek=k Hkh de gksrh tkrh gSA blls i`Foh ij vkSj vfèkd xeÊ c<+rh gS
¼BOE½ rFkk vkdZfVd ds cQZ dks uqdlku gksrk gSA
fVÇix i‚baV og fØfVdy lhek gksrh gS] ftls ikj djus ij i`Foh dh ç.kkfy;ksa esa dà O;kid cnyko vk ldrs gSaA

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gky gh esa] phu us 26@11 eqacà vkradh geyksa ds vkjksih vkSj y'dj ds vkradoknh dks CySdfyLV djus ds fy, la;qä
jk"Vª esa çLrqr çLrko ij jksd yxk nh gSA
vesfjdk vkSj Hkkjr us la;qä jk"Vª lqj{kk ifj"kn ¼UNSC½ dh vy&dk;nk çfrcaèk lfefr esa y'dj&,&rS;ck ds
vkradoknh dks oSfÜod vkradoknh ds :i esa ukfer djus dk çLrko fd;k FkkA
i`"BHkwfe% la;qä jk"Vª lqj{kk ifj"kn us ladYi&1267 ¼Resolution 1267½ dks viuk;k gqvk gSA bl ladYi ds rgr
vkradokfn;ksa ¼vkslkek fcu yknsu lfgr½ dks vkJ; vkSj çf'k{k.k çnku djus ds vkjksi esa rkfycku ds f[kykQ çfrcaèk
vy&dk;nk çfrcaèk yxk, x, FksA
la;qä jk"Vª lqj{kk ifj"kn dh Þ1267 lfefrß dks vydk;nk çfrcaèk lfefr ds rkSj ij Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA ;g lfefr

S
lfefr
vy&dk;nk çfrcaèk lwph dh fuxjkuh vkSj j[kj[kko djrh gSA
lfefr }kjk ykxw çfrcaèkksa esa 'kkfey gSa& laifÙk tCr djuk] ;k=kvksa ij jksd yxkuk] gfFk;kjksa ij çfrcaèk yxkuk
vkfnA

Hkkjrh; foKkiu ekud ifj"kn ¼ASCI½ vkSj miHkksäk dk;Z foHkkx xzhuo‚Ç'kx ij vadq'k yxkus ds fy, la;qä :i ls

A
,d VkLd QkslZ xfBr djus ij dke dj jgs gSaA
xzhuo‚Ç'kx@ xzhu 'khu çpkj dk ,d rjhdk gSA blesa dksà daiuh vius mRiknksa ;k xfrfofèk;ksa dks i;kZoj.kh; –f"V

I
ls vuqdwy ds :i esa çLrqr djrh gS] tcfd okLrfodrk blds foijhr gksrh gSA
xzhuo‚Ç'kx dks miHkksäk laj{k.k vfèkfu;e] 2019 }kjk ,d vuqfpr O;kikj O;ogkj ds :i esa oxÊ—r fd;k x;k
gSA
xzhuo‚Ç'kx Hkkjrh; ekud C;wjks ¼BIS½ us Hkh Þi;kZoj.k ds vuqdwyß yscy okys mRiknksa dh fuxjkuh ds fy, ,d gfjr mRikn
çek.ku ;kstuk rS;kj dh gqà gSA

N
çdk'kkuqorZu çdk'k lzksr dh fn'kk esa ikSèks ds fodkl djus dh {kerk dk o.kZu djus okyh 'kCnkoyh gSA
èkukRed çdk'kkuqorZu esa ikSèks çdk'k lzksr dh vksj c<+rs gSaA
_.kkRed çdk'kkuqorZu esa ikSèks çdk'k lzksr dh foijhr fn'kk esa o`f) djrs gSaA bls ÞvQksVksVª‚fiTeÞ Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
QksVksfjlsIVj fo'ks"k v.kq gksrs gSaA buesa çksVhu vkSj o.kZd gksrs gSa] tks çdk'k dks vo'kksf"kr djrs gSaA bu o.kZdksa dks

O
ØkseksQksj dgk tkrk gSA
çdk'kkuqorZu çdk'kkuqorZu ds nkSjku çdk'k dk irk yxkus dh {kerk okys fof'k"V QksVksfjlsIVj dks QksVks Vªksfiu dgk tkrk gSA

I
¼Phototropism½ lwjteq[kh dk ikSèkk çdk'kkuqorZu ifj?kVuk dk mÙke mnkgj.k gSA

19 twu dks foÜo fldy lsy tkx:drk fnol euk;k x;kA bl fnol ds vk;kstu dk mís'; yksxksa ds chp fldy
lsy jksx ds ckjs esa tkx:drk c<+kuk gSA
fldy lsy jksx ds ckjs esa

S
fldy lsy jksx ,d vkuqoaf'kd jä fodkj gSA
bl jksx esa yky jä dksf'kdk,a vlkekU; vkdkj ;kuh vèkZpUækdkj ;k njkarh ¼sickle½ ds vkdkj dh gks tkrh gSaA

I
fldy lsy jksx bl jksx dh otg ls LVªksd] vka[kksa dk fodkj] laØe.k vkSj yxkrkj nnZ ¼isu Økbfll½ tSlh leL;k,a ns[kh tkrh
gSaA
orZeku esa fldy lsy jksx dk ,dek= bykt jä vkSj vfLFk eTtk ¼Bone Marrow½ dk çR;kjksi.k gSA

Þ,d jk"Vª ,d gsYiykbuß ds fot+u ds rgr pkbYM gsYiykbu uacj 1098 dks vkikrdkyhu çfrfØ;k leFkZu ç.kkyh 112

V
ds lkFk feyk fn;k tk,xkA
lesdu dk ;g dk;Z lh&MSd ¼C&DAC½] dsjy }kjk fd;k tk,xkA
pkbYM gsYiykbu 1098 ds ckjs esa
;g enn dh vko';drk okys cPpksa ds fy, fnu esa 24 ?kaVs] o"kZ esa 365 fnu] fu%'kqYd vkSj vkikrdkyhu Qksu lsok
pkbYM gsYiykbu gSA
1098 pkbYMykbu bafM;k QkmaMs'ku ¼CIF½ bl gsYiykbu dh fuxjkuh vkSj j[kj[kko ds fy, uksMy ,tsalh gSA
;g dsaæh; efgyk ,oa cky fodkl ea=ky; ds vèkhu gSA

varjkZ"Vªh; ;ksx fnol ds volj ij Hkkjrh; ukSlsuk ds tokuksa us foeku okgd iksr INS foØkar ij ;ksxkH;kl fd;kA
Þvks'ku Çjx v‚Q ;ksxkß varjkZ"Vªh; ;ksx fnol ij Hkkjrh; ukSlsuk }kjk vk;ksftr ,d dk;ZØe FkkA
varjkZ"Vªh; ;ksx fnol 2023 dh Fkhe Fkh% ÞolqèkSo dqVqEcdeÞA
vks'ku Çjx v‚Q ;ksxk& o"kZ 2014 esa] la;qä jk"Vª us ladYi 69@131 dks viukdj 21 twu dks varjkZ"Vªh; ;ksx fnol ds :i esa eukus dk fu.kZ;
varjkZ"Vªh; ;ksx fnol fy;k FkkA
¼IYD&2023½

phu us ikfdLrku ds fe;kaokyh ftys ¼iatkc çkar½ ds p'ek uked LFkku ij ijek.kq ÅtkZ la;a= LFkkfir djus ds fy,
,d le>kSrk fd;k gSA çLrkfor ^p'ek&V* la;a= dh {kerk 1]200 esxkokV gksxhA

p'ek ijek.kq ÅtkZ la;a=

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