Role Des Vitamines Dans La Santé Orale de L Enfant - Rachitisme - Parodontites Caries

Le rôle des vitamines dans la santé orale de l’enfant
Cannelle Meunier
To cite this version:

Cannelle Meunier. Le rôle des vitamines dans la santé orale de l’enfant. Médecine humaine et patholo-
gie. 2017. �dumas-01503911�
HAL Id: dumas-01503911

https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-01503911
Submitted on 7 Apr 2017
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VITAMINE D
Source
Poissons (gras surtout) Synthèse cutanée : efficace par

Jaune d’œuf, exposition solaire de juin à octobre
Margarine
Apports Nutritionnels Conseillés : 1-3 ans : 400 UI/j 4-18 ans : 200 UI/j
en plus de 15 à 30 min d’exposition solaire/jour, du visage et des bras.
Fonction
- Minéralisation amélaire
- Santé de l’os alvéolaire
Favorise la croissance et la - Santé gingivale et
minéralisation osseuse muqueuse
- Stimulateur de peptides
antimicrobiens contre les
pathogènes parodontaux
- HTA
- Améliorerait la fonction
endothéliale
Immunomodulateur
Permet la contraction - Améliore la sensibilité à

musculaire l’insuline
- Contribue au contrôle
du poids
Pathologie
Surdosage: rare, potentiellement toxique car augmentation Calciurie => hypercalcémie=>

altération fonction rénale
Insuffisance: 10-30 ng/ml de 25(OH)D circulant
Carence: <10ng/ml de 25(OH)D circulant
Signes d’appel de l’insuffisance en vitamine D (rachitisme) :

Signes cliniques généraux et buccaux : affaiblissement musculaire, déficit immunitaire (enfant
sujet à infections), retard de croissance, jambes arquée, douleurs musculaires, saignement
gingival, perte d’attache desmodontale, retard de dentition, anomalies de l’émail
Signes biologiques : déficit immunitaire

VITAMINE E
Source
Huiles (tournesol, colza, olive),

margarine, curry, amande
Apports Nutritionnels Conseillés:

1-3 ans 6mg/j, 4-6 ans 7,5mg/j, 7-9 ans 9mg/j, 10-12 ans 11 mg/j, 13-18 ans 12mg/j
Fonction
- Maintien l’intégrité
des membranes - Santé de l’os alvéolaire
cellulaires par son - Santé gingivale et
effet antioxydant muqueuse
liposoluble - Accélèrerait la
cicatrisation gingivale
- Diminuerait les réactions
inflammatoires
- Module la fonction
immunitaire
- Rôle central dans la
différenciation des
cellules T immatures
Pathologie
Carence: <4 à 6mg/L
Signes d’appel de la carence en vitamine E :

Signes cliniques généraux et buccaux: syndrome neurodégénératif,
polyneuropathies, myopathies, rétinopathies, atteinte du système nerveux
central, atteintes parodontale pouvant aller de la gingivite à la parodontite (peu
de données dans la littérature)
Signes biologiques : anémie hémolytique

VITAMINE C
Source
Poivrons jaunes, persil frais, kiwi,

brocolis, oranges, fraises, citron

1-3 ans 60mg/j, 4-6 ans 75mg/j, 7-9 ans 90mg/j, 10-12 ans 100 mg/j, 13-18 ans 110mg/j
Fonction
Favorise la croissancee et la - Dentinogénèse

minéralisation osseusese - Santé de l’os alvéolaire
- Santé gingivale et
muqueuse
- Antioxydant = défense
- Réactions d’oxydoréduction
réduction
- Synthèse d’acides biliaires
- xification
Réactions de détoxification n Synthèse des
- Antioxydant catécholamines
- Régénère la vitamine
ne E
- Résistance
Rés des capillaires
- Fabrication
Fab de l’hémoglobine
- Synthèse
Syn de cytokines,
Permet la formationon des anticorps et lymphocytes
antic
tissus conjonctifs - Effet
Effe antiviral
- Effet
Effe anti-histaminique possible
Pathologie
Carence: <2,5g/l
Signes d’appel de la carence en vitamine C (-> scorbut) :
Signes cliniques généraux et buccaux: asthénie, anorexie, perte de poids, œdème, myalgies,
modifications osseuses, arthralgies des genoux chevilles poignets, modifications cutanées,
hémorragie oculaire, purpura, neuropathies fémorales, troubles du comportement et de l’humeur,
gingivite (gencive rouge-vif, perte du piqueté de la gencive, œdème gingival), pétéchies et
hématomes, saignements gingivaux, aphtose, xérostomie, épaississement ligamentaire, ostéopénie,
amincissement de l’os cortical associé à une prolifération périostée, ostéonécroses, anomalie
amélaire et dentinaire
Signes biologiques : anémie, leucopénie, thrombopénie

VITAMINE B2
Source
Cidre, beurre, jambon, biscotte

fromage à pate dure

1-3 ans 0,8mg/j, 4-6 ans 1,0mg/j, 7-9 ans 1,3mg/j, 10-12 ans 1,4 mg/j,
13-15 ans 1,5mg/j, 16-18 ans 1,6mg/j
Fonction
- Catabolisme des acides

gras, des acides aminés, et Santé gingivale
des bases puriques et muqueuse
- Rôle dans le cycle de Krebs
- Rôle dans la chaîne
respiratoire cellulaire
- Transformation des
aliments simples en
énergie
Contribue à
l’utilisation du
fer
Réparation des muscles

Pe
Permet la formation des
tis
tissus conjonctifs
Pathologie
Carence: dosage urinaire inférieur à 40g de riboflavine par gramme de créatine
Attention les signes cliniques peuvent être masqués par les symptômes d’un déficit d’autres
vitamines (B essentiellement)
Signes de la carence en vitamine B2 : peu caractéristiques

Signes cliniques généraux et buccaux: dermatite, inflammation de la muqueuse buccale,
perlèche, ulcération gingivale, stomatite
Signes biologiques : anémie hypochrome (diminution du taux d’hémoglobine dans les
globule rouge dû au métabolisme altéré du fer)

VITAMINE B3
Source
Œufs, produits laitiers, viande, jambon,
volaille, poisson gras, champignons,
céréales riches en fibres, chocolat noir

1-3 ans 6mg/j, 4-6 ans 8mg/j, 7-9 ans 9mg/j, 10-12 ans 10mg/j,
garçons13-15 ans 13mg/j, garçons 16-19 ans 14mg/j, filles 13-19 ans 11mg/j
Fonction
Protège des atteintes

neurologiques
Santé gingivale et
muqueuse
Aurait un effet
protecteur sur les
maladies
cardiovasculaires
- Catabolisme des glucides, des

lipides, des protéines et de
l’alcool
- Equilibre des taux de cholestérol
- (le taux LDL et triglycérides
Pathologie
Carence: excrétion urinaire de N1-MN inférieure à 5,8mol par jour

Associée souvent à un déficit en vitamine B1 et B2, attention aux patients avec syndrômes mal-
absorptifs ou qui prennent certains médicaments (ex: immunosuppresseurs)
Signes d’appel de la carence en vitamine B3 (->pellagre) : premiers signes sont non spécifiques.
Signes cliniques généraux et buccaux : signes neurologiques (irritabilité, insomnie, dépression,
déclin intellectuel, perte de mémoire), perte d’appétit, perte de poids, migraines, diarrhée,
dermatites, démence, lésions caractéristiques de la peau d’aspect écaillé, gingivite, inflammation
des muqueuses, lésions rouges inflammatoires des muqueuses orales et de la langue avec brulure
intense, aphtes, gingivite ulcéronécrotique, lésions exsudatives, odeur fétide

VITAMINE B9
Source
Pâté de foie de volaille, jaune d’œuf,

escalope végétale, jaune d’œuf, noisette,
persil, céréales

1-3 ans 100μg/j), 4-6 ans 150μg/j), 7-9 ans 200 μg/j), 10-12 ans 250μg/j), 13-15 ans 300μg/j,
garçons 16-18 ans 330μg/j, filles 16-19 ans 300μg/j
Fonction
- Développement - Protège de la
normal du tube neural perte osseuse
chez l’embryon - Santé gingivale
- Synthèse de et muqueuse
neurotransmetteurs
- Protège de maladies
neurologiques
Rôle dans l’érythropoïèse - Synthèse de certains

acides aminés
- Synthèse de l’ADN
et l’ARN
- Indispensable à la
croissance
Pathologie
Carence: <3μg/l
Signes d’appel de la carence en vitamine B9 et/ou B12 : atteintes les plus fréquentes =
hématologiques et neuropsychiques
Signes cliniques généraux et buccaux: troubles mnésiques, démence, dépression, atteintes
neurologiques, ataxies, douleur abdominale, troubles de transit, ulcères cutanéomuqueux
rebelles et/ou récidivants, thrombose, saignement gingival au sondage, glossite de Hunter
(langue lisse, érythémateuse et atrophique)

VITAMINE B12
Source
Crustacés, poisson, viande, fromage

1-3 ans 0,8μg/j), 4-6 ans 1,1μg/j), 7-9 ans 1,4μg/j), 10-12 ans 1,9μg/j),
13-15 ans 2,3μg/j, 16-18 ans 2,4μg/j
Fonction
- Protège de la perte
- Régénère la forme
osseuse
active de vitamine B9
- Santé gingivale et
- Synthèse de
muqueuse
neurotransmetteurs
- Protège de maladies
neurologiques
- Rôle dans l’érythropoïèse

- Pourrait avoir un rôle - Synthèse de l’ADN
et l’ARN
immunomodulateur
- Rôle dans la -
oxydation (fournit
de l’énergie)
Pathologie
Carence: <197pg/ml
Certaines maladies (comme Maladie de Biermer, syndrome de non-dissociation de la

vitamine B12 et de ses protéines porteuses ) peuvent être à l’origine carence Vitamine B12
Signes d’appel de la carence en vitamine B9 et B12 :

Signes cliniques généraux et buccaux: troubles mnésiques, démence, dépression,
atteintes neurologiques, douleur abdominale, troubles de transit, ulcères
cutaneomuqueux rebelles et/ou récidivants, thrombose, saignement gingival au sondage,
glossite de Hunter (langue lisse, érythémateuse et atrophique)

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Role Des Vitamines Dans La Santé Orale de L Enfant - Rachitisme - Parodontites Caries

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Role Des Vitamines Dans La Santé Orale de L Enfant - Rachitisme - Parodontites Caries

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Le rôle des vitamines dans la santé orale de l’enfant

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HAL Id: dumas-01503911

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est

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Poissons (gras surtout) Synthèse cutanée : efficace par

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Signes d’appel de l’insuffisance en vitamine D (rachitisme) :

Huiles (tournesol, colza, olive),

Apports Nutritionnels Conseillés:

Carence: <4 à 6mg/L

Signes d’appel de la carence en vitamine E :

Poivrons jaunes, persil frais, kiwi,

Apports Nutritionnels Conseillés:

Favorise la croissancee et la - Dentinogénèse

Cidre, beurre, jambon, biscotte

Apports Nutritionnels Conseillés:

- Catabolisme des acides

Réparation des muscles

Carence: dosage urinaire inférieur à 40g de riboflavine par gramme de créatine

Signes de la carence en vitamine B2 : peu caractéristiques

Apports Nutritionnels Conseillés:

Protège des atteintes

- Catabolisme des glucides, des

Carence: excrétion urinaire de N1-MN inférieure à 5,8mol par jour

Pâté de foie de volaille, jaune d’œuf,

Apports Nutritionnels Conseillés:

Rôle dans l’érythropoïèse - Synthèse de certains

Crustacés, poisson, viande, fromage

Apports Nutritionnels Conseillés:

- Rôle dans l’érythropoïèse

Certaines maladies (comme Maladie de Biermer, syndrome de non-dissociation de la

Signes d’appel de la carence en vitamine B9 et B12 :

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