Bikar Te Pa haa) em IES a Oa nrg ortLE GENIE ole Poca Fre de Lauonne (7 D'UNE pega en Ba CONSTRUCTION sgh. perms ors rasan een LA REALISATION wate dp ane ait dora DU ROLEX LEARNING CENTER eer DE LECOLE POLYTECHNIOUE ee FEDERALE DE LAUSANNE (SUISSE), CCONGU PAR LIAGENCE n cams, vobin de cet de PUrivesie de JAPONAISE SANAA, PRITZKER 2010, tusanne 2 cont en pNSeU's apes, Un REPOSE SUR LA DETERMINATION 1ES INGENIEURS FT DE UENTREPRISE GENERALE rani elas ae QUI, TOUS, ONT DU INNOVER Pa Ste, el re frre cep A CHAQUE ETAPE i celle de fur des ol 0 = ‘ POUR RENORE LE RéVE fete Ms tt, hi alt Le Se DES CONCEPTEURS POSEILE ret conn, crt en ef dmnourvu de venta cent public dertevence, dans Sorientes, Par alles, le isthe centrale, 60h 1 dans es anes 97D devenae top waa rhe 'scrossement a nembve des erect, owl concurencee par ube dizaine do Didi Lobjectif du programme était triple: ouvrir le campus au public, lui donner un centre de gravité clairement repérable et regrouper les bibliothéques. Ces probigmes concomnitants cit conduit la civection 1 Fobjectif at ple: asi campus au pu i donner un cent de gavte«liement leperable axouer les inbiotheues, a sat egalement de peeparer cette neg fentrale a Tevolution des nawicles techawlagies de Fnlounation el de la commun HC) et de Bore, dite de reprise Lagaech, leader24 Nobe! orizewin and is now among the op with oniy almost 7,000, Its camaus, close 0 the University of was built ‘phases on the outskirts city, The first buildings were & Sirickler, who wo launched for tis purpose. Int ing campus met with less act proje not selec mitted by Maria Botta, Aurelio i. who were new faces atthe time, k ‘af the founding theories ofthe Ticino school The project fet and Luigi phases of the campus attempted noted early, to litle aval, This led The two filo to comect fan toa rather il-assorted set of buldings lacking a rec ‘ognizable public center in whch it was relatively dif ficult to find ings uni recently. The main ibcary designed in the 1970s could rot cater for the inceasing student intake and ended up competing wth ad ax 39 THE GENIUS BEHIND A BUILDING THE COMPLETION OF THE NEW ROLEX LEARNING CENTER OF THE ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FEDERALE DE LAUSANNE (SWITZERLAND), DESIGNED BY THE JAPANESE AGENCY SANAA, PRITZKER 2010, DEPENOED ON THE DETERMINATION OF THE ENGINEERS AND ‘THE GENERAL CONTRACTOR. THEY ALL HAD TO INNOVATE EACH STEP OF THE WAY TO MAKE THE ARCHITECTS’ DREAM A REALITY. The three-fold objective: open up the campus to the public, create a clearly recognizable hub and merge the libraries. This set of problems led the Scheot's adminst tion to launch a structured thinkctank with 3 three 0 up the campus to te publi 2 clearly recognizable hub and merge the Horares. In addition, this also involved preparing far the adaptation of the new enain ovary to the new infevmation and communication technologie (ICT) and encouraging the quest for new ways of learning AL this point, Danie! Bore, former graduate of the school and founder of Logitech, world leader in the protluction of computer perp contribution of one milion Swiss o fund the organization of a ma ture competition. In 2004, an international call f proposals was launched and 12 prestigious teams were shortlsted Abalos&Herrers, Xaveer De Sete, Diller Scofdio + Renfro, Du Besse: dy Zaha Hadid, Herzog& de Meuron, Mecanao, Lea Nouvel, Val iat, OMA/Rem Kaolhaas, SANAA and Livio Vacchin & lois PFLis 42" the Tne Higher Eventi Wor Unversity Rankings 2008) and 101" sn Shanghai University 2009 seam Ranking of Herd Universes Wise en place des tables de cafragetermings Postoningesino forms compleProjet nn etenude Mario Bota, Tita Cain, Lie Galftt, Flora Ruchat at Lug Saez} pure masterplan de EPFL, 1970 (phase pour?.000 étutim). "comprend quate composants pouvarz ve develppds insependamment = axe rdsu cicolatonspitannes principales const ide deux ames paralelesentelosquelles on owe les logemens pour studant, oneestouest dos activites didactiques, le lng duqul sont pari ie ales de cous, amphitheae principal et es sales de seminaire Lequadilatée antriour duguelles facies se developert elas leurs propresios de croissance et de distribution Lesholles de recherche imensionnéss inéairement selon une tygologe de structure mdustrll Unodopted project by Mara Bota, ita Carlo Lia Gale FlaratRuchat and LulgiSnozziforthe EPFL masterplan, 1970 phase for 2,000 students). ‘inludes fur components that canbe developed independently The Nor {hSauth axis of the main pedestrian trafic composed owe paral tgs between which stent apartments are situated The East West ai of educational acvvhies, feng which are sitributed the audit ums, the mai lecture hal and the seeing foams ive quvdraterarinsie which he faculties develop folowing teow laws of growth and disnbution, The researc al, nearly wel-propartiened flowing an nGustisistrctareSpologyyence SANAR (Selina, Rishizavia and Associates) port la competion, avec un po nie {da programme est regroupé sut un seul riveau, leur nt ondule pour ofr des vues su le paysage Leman et des Alpes. Pa ap autres pre ets, i est un des seus & ne pas choir une straté sie tentant de concurrencer en hauteur les é¢ fexstants Cette solution dun plan en parte te lait un archetype inet, permettant certains programme de ssituer sim dessus des aultes. De pls, en dépoyant nile du batiment au niveau du 50 le 8 tous les publics, cl répond ainsi 9 Tun des object's de "EPFL En effet, nt comportant plusieus niveau, @ Xe se sont pas «spatiale ‘tout Cest tout le rabiome des jement esperer never dans le lobby pour a Nonobstant, des fe résultat du concours: i suscite les plus grandes reserves quant & 59 fsa bil. Un professeur de genie civ! de IEP el projer serait considé€ comme ineufisant. Mais cette imposibiité méme ale doc de stile es ima oinations. Ties wie, Rene Walter, professeur hon: haubanes, pe estates deca ontact avec le bureau SAN séclae sais pas encore comment, a of tie underg aneretingard he pesoning fala ore. bo cu marché de construction, lancé auor’s de quatre consortiums en entrepise générale, le seepticsme tomine encore, Vun des concurtents se eeie de la competition, sans avoir la maindee ide 6 de la mise en concurte pour Tattnbution fag tra des patios Litera formwors ef pati 05 offrent des pik «8 Vaveugle, naniere dont is re les problemas pouvoir eventunlement pli: a garantie du respect du concept architec ie des coats et le maintien de ceux an la me suele pour des bat ments comparable, Ces Fentreprise Bouygues-Losinger gui finatement fen porte, forte rorarnment de ses competences dans ie Dés le résultat du concours rendu public, le projet de SANAA suscite les plus grandes réserves quant 4 sa faisabilité, dune Mais que diable verait foie une entep envergure tele que Bouygues dans une ayant décle eu ntararéter cette arse der pari iat que, saute, Fentieprse Lasnger, suisse que Bouygues a rachetée en 1990, ne une reputation de leader su ler nibeies ncertitudes, occasion de reptprablerm with high-rise buildings; visitors may dare to enter the feyer, but then need a pass or code to |AS soon as the winning project was announced, many had deep reservations about its feasibility. An EPFL cil engingering professor even claimed that f the project had been presented in his stuctura 3d insubicien. Yer ct encouraged honorary would have been de passible aspect of the pr some to get imaginative. René Walther professor and word cable-stayed bridge specials, ‘uickly contacted SANA and vowed: he As soon as the winning project was announced, many had deep reservations about its feasibility. When four general contacting consortis into competition forthe constuction contrac, = pu W skeptics around. One of the com ie i withdrew from the competition, s blindly propased prices without the faintest ie: ‘of how they would deal with the technical Three citvia had to be met at al costs: compliance with the architectural desiga, guaranteed costs and ost management within the conventional sta vas selected, thanks to its expertise in prestressing In particular, via its subsidiary V5 any 25 big as Bouygues tet involved in @ project that was shrouded in 50 such doubt? Perhaps because, until nw, Losing the Swiss subsiiary acquired by Bouygues in 19 not the reputed market leader in the country arming Center operation may have had its uti as stil the perfect on the back ‘opportunity to repo fof some unique media coverags market shares, bul not an easy challenge ise en place oes am Peston tg[Bars un te contexte, comportant encore un si grand nombre dinconnues alla tout dabord tower une steuction, Plus idee solution pour maitriser les coats dec dificie encore: maltrier les coms £975 rin architectoral Le montage opera Powe, vice pres mation et charge de la nel, mis a point par Francis Luc nt de stique, associ Tensemble concepteus constructeurs~de maniére a coordanner et aresoutre, nt, possible es problemes poss parla le plus ena réaksation, Sur un plan contractual, le montage preva Lune relation tniparite entre le futur uisoteur (C9 le pool de concepteurs (SANAA, Wale Mory ML Rolinger®.Grohman) et le eanstucteur (Bou Losinge un contrat basal tant etal entre ch ‘ux. Par alles un meelateur Botta Management Group AG - est mandate pour faite les dscussions, Laphuse de négociations dure un peu plus de sixes, fos tos contrat bilatérave devant ve paraphes smu tanémen Ele connait méme des phases extérmement cates, conduisant emantes fois les tras protage nists au bord de a rupture Siils savaient construire des coques minces en béton armé, les ingénieurs n‘avaient jamais rencontré d'architecte leur demandant de batir une coquille, percée de patios, ondulant sur 200 métres. Race Fring of meta renorcerents Les doutes concemant a fab del structure, tle que propose dans es documents di aig du fait qu'elle ne powoit coque, Cequipeutetrecxpiquéde intuitive, La coquile dun enuf, bien que rs mince, apable de résstera des chocs inpartants por enteiut Sion perce Foeuen ses sommes au moyen depuis 4'une epinge, on pt meme le vider de son sans que la cogule ne perde beau on voulatpratiquer une série de tus plus Ta conuike se brcerat au moindte fort, Je, Tel eat tr exacterent le probleme pose (jt du Learing Centr Sls ‘aux ingsnieus pour le savaignt depus longtemas construe des en béton arm le Cente des Nowidlles Industies et Technologies 8 la Defers, de Zerfuss et Esquilan, ou ie estoroute de estingen/Borne, de Hee er, pour ne citer que das exempes parm ls plus remarquables ~ Is rvavaient jamais rencontre archtecte leur deman dant de biti une conuile, perce de patos, ndulant sur pres de 200 metes | Les ingenious doi wester un principe struc ture! capable of SANAA, cestond {que semble indiquers cela, cesser de penser en termes de e ponts et darches en beton de longues pect. la forme imaginée rant citereament de ce lle Et pour apparence for dune image genfant petmet de comprendre a solution, Prenons un arc Comme souvent, a simpli sone sul ol, a corde en bas. On peut alors sas us, Er diosant pluseure ares en vetsaw 45 Although they had long built thin shells with reinforced concrete, the engineers had never yet met an architect asking them to build a shell pierced with patios, undulating over 200 meters! The operational organiza by Francis-Luc Per 1 project, headed would bring together all stakeholders - uses, designers and bulders ~ to ca-ordinate and solve constiuction-elated problems as tar upstream xc possible. The organization involved a tripartite Telationshin between the future user (EPFL, the pool of o Bolinger & pany. (Bouygues-Lo tract signed between each of them, In addition, 3 mediator = Botta Management Group AG ~ was appointed to faciitate ascussions. The negotia tion phase lasted just over six months and the three bilateral ‘had to be signes simultaneousiy 1 pushing the three p ignets (GANA, Walther, Mory@ Mate to breaking povr The doubts surrounding the structure's feasibit as put forwatd in the competition proposal, con od its inability ta function as a shell. This can planed in relatively simple terms. An eggshell very thin, but able to resist significant impact coming from the outside. H the top of the egg pierced with a pin, its contents can even b¢ er tied withous the shell losing enuch of i if a senes of larger holes are made, the shell = nthe slightest pressure. This is ea sure et eoiages toro ce lem facing the engineers of the Learning Fitingof pat reinforcement Center although they had long buit thin shells with sede ocr reinforced concrete, tne CNIT building at La Déte by Zehcfuss and Esquilan or the Deitingen/Bern ser vice station by Hein ser, to name but two remark ble examples, they had never yet met an architect m to build a shell pierced with patios, 200 meters! undulating The engineers had to come un with a structural pin m conceived by SANAA, ple that capt namely one operating ina differnt way to that sug gested by its appearance. Ta achieve this, the to ston considering the structure aga shell and star thinking about building bridges and long-range oncrete arches Once again, the soluto 3 simple explanation. Tak the ground with the bowstring f tis pos Lon the bows without it breaking f the same is done with several bows, fanned out, and this is repeated to create a second far covering can be stretched between the t boows and a hole can be cut out for 9 pati.Pour iustier fe fonctionnement statue de Farce manta ofp orrment an peut ‘rine ia forme gbométrque ideale de chacun entre ns erpigues ‘ales par Antoni Gaudi pout la Sagrada Faria de Barcelone. Au moyen diun réseau de cordelttes, auc eles ii suspendait des sachets emp de sabe, i nat @ Aiguce {a fallu modifier la forme des patios et réduire les imperfections géométriques rdement de departs working 38 an arch pour parvenir a un compromis. Dane Jari, Cest bien sdr un peu ps compliqu. tiscontinues dessinées par ls En coupe, le archigactes ne suvent pas la forme desl aun ac neu apltis surlew sormet, plus hombées d'un ct ue de Faure, parol subaisées paur ter une p forte décivite I a fal dane placer ou modifier forme des patios et reure les mpe geome: trgues, cour parvenr & un carapromis entre Is ex aces dexplotation, ls contrintes statiques et les eeu formes des architectes. Une négocation d'une importance tale, car taute déviation de a forme geo métique ideale esquai ernrainer des moments de flexion, euemémes susceptibles de condyive & une ruine dela structure par instabiite riewe du parking souterain, Les imersions des arches sont consirables, attegnant pls de 80 mazes de ortée pour une suéléation de 485 meres, Ce qu reprezente un rapport de 16.5 entre ces sions, soit pres du double dela lint de fsa Tes spécialites dela construction de ponts Logiquement, le chantier ne dee rain. Sa fonction a ss colle du simple stackage ce voiture, pusquil pemet de reprendre les efforts en nr evercesSur Tes Ces de précontrainte dans sa rout. Hestl-méme support par 650 pieux fenire 18 et 25 meues de longue, ches dans esol pat vibrofongage jsqu'a attend un sole stocaig et. dj fat oe sa proximite avec ce EPL eat consttue de ee donc reativement instable sur une grande epaiseur rmnologiaues.Ilest {es Pesant jusqu'd 470 kilos pout un mete cube de beta, ‘ois plus que pour une cant (on caurarte. Au total, les voUtes contiennent barres d'un damette &e 50 min une ci s habitutie-, accords entre eles dans le sens ce a lonqueur grace & 6,000 points de soudur, dont 1.609 ner n. vant fe coulage du betoFamilia in Barcelona. Using a network of vehich he hung sandbags, he succeeded in repre nis is alte more complicated not follow the Of course, in curves drawn by the architects ideal shape of an are. They ae slighty fist on top, more rounded on one side and sometimes lowered to avoid too much of an incline. The shape of the os had to be moved or modified and geome! and the architects’ express wishes, Negotiation was Of utmost importance as straying fram the ideal geometric shape may lead 0 bending moments, ‘which could make the whole structure unstable The shape of the patios had to be modified and geometric imperfections reduced to come to a compromise. 1e "bow" is a reinforced In consttuction terms concrete atch in comp cerings” between the arches are a slab in flexure the “string” isa pre-stessing cable inside a sleeve embedded in the upper slab of the underground ar park. The dimensions of the arches are very age, spanning aver 80m with a height of 4 The ratio between the two dimensions i 16, almost double the feasibility init determined by the nidge construction specialists! Natural ground car park and not the vaults, ts purpose {goes beyond parking snace for vehicles as the t Sil stress exerted on the pre-stressing cables i th Jape slab is transfered to the car park. Its sell arted by 650 piles measuring between 14 and fers i lena the ground wit 2 vibratory hammer 10 create deep foundation Due to its lakeside location, the land on vhich the entice EPA. carnpus is built fs made up af liolog) ‘al deposits tis therelore relatively unstable down to a sgniicant death pulling coramenced with the under: The arches have been reinforced with metal arma tures of up to 470kg/rm of concrete more thaa for standard buildings. In total, the wa contain 2,800 metric tons of metal, including metric tons for bars with a diameter of 5 very unusual dimension, connected lengthways by 5.000 welded joints, including 1,800 under te ie stress. Before the concrete was poured, the site looked like a collection of upside-down metal baskets x49)