CUNG CO KIEN THC

HOA HOC
CAC CONG THC VIET PHAN NG
TRONG HOA HOC VO C
Bai 3:
OXIT KIM LOAI
phan ng vi
AXIT
Oxit phan ung vi Axit
CAC LOAI AXIT:
9Axit loai 1: Coc ox|t ch| cc t|nh ox|t
9Axit loai 2: Cc t|nh cx| hco monh
9Axit loai 3:
-Thng gap: HCl, H
2
SO
4
loang,
- Giai e thi ch gap HNO
3
, H
2
SO
4
ac
Cc t|nh Khu
-Thng gap : HCl, HI,
Co 3 loai axit
CAC CONG THC VIET PHAN NG:
Co 3 cong thc p can nh:
Cong thc 1: Oxit p vi Axit loai 1
Cong thc 2: Oxit p vi Axit loai 2
Cong thc 3: Oxit p vi Axit loai 3
Oxit phan ung vi Axit
Cong thc 1: Oxit p vi Axit loai 1
Can nh:
Hco tr| KL 1rcng ccng thuc tren
pho| khcng dc|
V du 1 :
b. Fe
2
O
3
+ HCl
c. Fe
3
O
4
+ HCl
a. FeO + HCl
d. Fe
x
O
y
+ HCl
? FeCl
2
FeCl
x
FeC|
y
FeCl
2y/x
FeCl
3
H
2
O FeCl
?
0x|t KL + Ax|t |co| Muc| + H
2
0
(Pu 1roc dc|[
(HCl, H
2
SO
4
loang,...)
a.FeO + HCl ...;
Cong thc 1:
Giai V du 1 : Viet cac phan ng
b.Fe
2
O
3
+ HCl ;
c. Fe
3
O
4
+ HCl
d. Fe
x
O
y
+ HCl
0x|t KL + Ax|t |co| Muc| + H
2
0
(Pu 1roc dc| : Hco tr| khcng dc|[
(HCl, H
2
SO
4
loang,...)
G y:
a.FeO + HCl ...;
Fe Cl + H
2
O FeO + HCl
II
II
2
?
2
A
7
8
7
Hoa tr:
o
b
o b
I
?
Voy:
Fe0+ 2HC|FeC|
2
+ H
2
0
o.Fe0+2HC| FeC|
2
+ H
2
0,
Cong thc 1:
Giai V du 1 : Viet cac phan ng
b.Fe
2
O
3
+ HCl ;
c. Fe
3
O
4
+ HCl
d. Fe
x
O
y
+ HCl
0x|t KL + Ax|t |co| Muc| + H
2
0
(Pu 1roc dc| : Hco tr| khcng dc|[
(HCl, H
2
SO
4
loang,...)
G y:
b.Fe
2
O
3
+ HCl ...;
Fe Cl + H
2
O Fe
2
O
3
+ HCl
III
III
6
?
3
A
7
8
7
Hoa tr:
o
b
o b
I
?
2 3
Voy:
Fe
2
0
3
+ 6HC|2FeC|
3
+ 3H
2
0
o.Fe0+2HC| FeC|
2
+ H
2
0,
Cong thc 1:
Giai V du 1 : Viet cac phan ng
b.Fe
2
0
3
+6 HC|2FeC|
3
+ 3 H
2
0,
c. Fe
3
O
4
+ HCl
d. Fe
x
0
y
+ HC|
0x|t KL + Ax|t |co| Muc| + H
2
0
(Pu 1roc dc| : Hco tr| khcng dc|[
(HCl, H
2
SO
4
loang,...)
G y:
c.Fe
3
O
4
+ HCl ...;
Fe
3
0
4
+ HC|
FeC|
2
+ FeC|
3
2 + H
2
0
4
La hon tapcua
FeO.Fe
2
O
3
P: a va b
8
Vay: Fe
3
0
4
+ 8 HC|FeC|
2
+ 2FeC|
3
+ 4 H
2
0
o.Fe0+2HC| FeC|
2
+ H
2
0,
Cong thc 1:
Giai V du 1 : Viet cac phan ng
b.Fe
2
0
3
+6 HC|2FeC|
3
+ 3 H
2
0,
c.Fe
3
0
4
+ 8 HC|FeC|
2
+ 2FeC|
3
+ 4 H
2
0
d. Fe
x
0
y
+ HC|

0x|t KL + Ax|t |co| Muc| + H

2
0
(Pu 1roc dc| : Hco tr| khcng dc|[
(HCl, H
2
SO
4
loang,...)
G y:
d.Fe
x
O
y
+ HCl ...;
Fe
x
0
y
+ HC| FeC| + H
2
0
y
Qui tac hoa tr
Fe: (2y/x )
Tng t
P: a va b
2y
Vay: Fe
x
0
y
+ 2y HC|xFeC|
2y/x
+ y H
2
0
2y
x
x
V| du 2
e hco ton het 8 gom M
x
0
y
, thoy con 50 m|
ddH
2
50
4
|cong cc ncng dc M. 1|m M
x
0
y
7
98.ot C11Q
982.V|et pu
983.Lop pt (*[
984.C|o| (*[
0x|t KL + Ax|t |co| 7
PP 1|m C1P1
Duo tren pu
1cm tot:
M
x
0
y
8 gam
+150 ml
ddH
2
SO
4
1M.
5on phom
M
x
0
y
7
Gi y
1cm tot:
M
x
0
y
8 gam
+150 ml
ddH
2
SO
4
1M
5on phom
M
x
0
y
7
Chuan b: So mol H
2
SO
4
phan ng
bang:
150. 1
1000
= 0,15 (mol)
8.ot C11Q
82.V|et pu
83.Lop pt (*[
84.C|o| (*[
PP2
C
M
=
n
V
dd
(mol)
(lit)
Hoac
C
M
=
n
V
dd
(ml)
.1000
n =
V
dd
.C
M
1000
=
Gi y
1cm tot:
M
x
0
y
8 gam
+150 ml
ddH
2
SO
4
1M
5on phom
M
x
0
y
7
So mol H
2
SO
4
phan ng
0,15 (mol)
8.ot C11Q
82.V|et pu
83.Lop pt (*[
84.C|o| (*[
PP2
9B2: Theo e ta co phan ng:
M
x
O
y
+ H
2
SO
4

M
2
(SO
4
)
2y
x
+ H
2
O (1)
9B1:
e a cho cong thc oxit la
M
x
0
y
0x|t KL + Ax|t |co|
Muc| + H
2
0
(V| de chc H
2
50
4
|cong[
(HCl, H
2
SO
4
loang,...)
2
x
2y 2y
(loang)
=
-p.ng:
M
x
0
y
Gi y
1cm tot:
M
x
0
y
8 gam
+150 ml
ddH
2
SO
4
1M
5on phom
M
x
0
y
7
-So mol H
2
SO
4
phan ng
0,15 (mol)
8.ot C11Q
82.V|et pu
83.Lop pt (*[
84.C|o| (*[
PP2
9B3:
-e a cho cong thc oxit la
M
x
O
y
+ H
2
SO
4

M
2
(SO
4
)
2y
x
+ H
2
O (1)
2
x
2y 2y
(loang)
8 gom
0,5 mc|
2y
2.(Mx+6y[
-1hec ([ cc:
2.(Mx+6y[
8
=
2y
0,5
M = 37,33 . y/x
=
M
x
0
y
-e a cho cong thc oxit la
2y
x
2 2y
(loang)
Gi y
1cm tot:
M
x
0
y
8 gam
+150 ml
ddH
2
SO
4
1M
5on phom
M
x
0
y
7
-So mol H
2
SO
4
phan ng
0,15 (mol)
8.ot C11Q
82.V|et pu
83.Lop pt (*[
84.C|o| (*[
PP2
9B3:
M
x
O
y
+ H
2
SO
4

M
2
(SO
4
) + H
2
O (1) x
2y
M = 37,33 . y/x
M = 8,67. 2y/x
Voy cx|t: Fe
2
0
3
Vc| 2y/x |o hco tr| cuo M
2y/x
M
2 3 4
8,67 37,33
56 74,68
Chcn: 2y/x =3
M = 56
M : Fe
9B4:
V du 3:
Hco ton het 4 gom cx|t cuo k|m |co| M, thoy con 00 m|
dung d|ch hcn hcp gcm : H
2
50
4
0,25 M vo HC| M.
1|m ccng thuc cuo cx|t 7
Tom Tat:
Oxit KL (M)
4 gam
Can 100 ml
Dd hh:
H
2
SO
4
0,25 M
HCl 1M
?
Oxit ?
PP 1|m C1P1
duo tren pu
B1. at CTTQ
B2.Viet p
B3.Lap pt (*)
B4. Giai (*)
?
Nen
Viet
P
Dang
ion
e bo| v| du 3:
Hco ton het 4 gom cx|t cuo k|m |co| M, thoy con 00 m|
dung d|ch hcn hcp gcm : H
2
50
4
0,25 M vo HC| M.
1|m ccng thuc cuo cx|t 7
8o| g|o|:
Phon chuon b|: 1|nh tcng mc| H
+
pu
- 1hec de to cc: mc| H
2
50
4
pu= 0,025 mc| ,
mc| HC| pu = 0, mc|
- P1 d|en ||:
H
2
50
4
= 2 H
+
+ 50
4
2-
([
0,025
0,05 (mc|[
HC| = H
+
+ C|
-
(2[
0,
0, (mc|[
1hec ([, (2[ 1cng mc| H
+
pu = 0,5 ( mc|[
- ot C11Q cuo cx|t: M
x
0
y
Hoa tan het 4 gam oxit cua kim loai M, thay can 100 ml
dung dch hon hp gom : H
2
SO
4
0,25 Mva HCl 1M.
Tm cong thc cua oxit ?
e bai v du 4:
Giai tiep:
-Ta co Tong mol H
+
p = 0,15 ( mol)
-P:
M
x
O
y
+ H
+

?
Oxit KL + H
+

Ion KL +
+ H
2
O
Can nh :
Hoa tr KL: khong oi
M
2y/x+
+ H
2
O
(Do M co hoa tri: 2y/x)
x ?
Nhac lai:
L BT ien Tch
ien tch ve trai
ien tch ve phai
=

Tong ien tch ve phai = x.(+ 2y/x) = + 2y

? = 2y
2y
y
(1)
4 gam 0,15 mol
2y
Mx+16y
Theo (1) ta co:
Mx+16y
8
=
0,15
2y
?
en doy to g|o| g|cng v| du 3 se cc dop sc:
M= 37,33.y/x
Fe
2
O
3