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Introduction
La comprhension des mcanismes biologiques la base des activits cognitivo-motrices est
l'un des dfis scientifiques actuels de nombreux chercheurs des neurosciences mais galement
de cliniciens amens prendre en charge des patients prsentant des troubles moteurs
notamment des patients parkinsoniens. La maladie de Parkinson est une affection
neurodgnrative frquente, handicapante, dvolution progressive traduisant une atteinte
des noyaux gris centraux (ganglions de la base) dont la neuro-anatomie est rappele cidessous (Lang et Lozano, 1998). Sur le plan clinique, la maladie de Parkinson comporte une
triade associant akinsie-bradykinsie (lenteur linitiation et lexcution du mouvement),
tremblement de repos et hypertonie plastique. La lsion responsable est un processus
dgnratif affectant les neurones dopaminergiques msencephaliques de la substance noire
compacte (SNc), projetant sur le striatum. Lorigine de la maladie est multifactorielle,
impliquant des facteurs gntiques et environnementaux.
4
6
3
2
1: substance noire
2: pallidum
3: putamen
4: noyau caud
5: noyau sous thalamique
6 : thalamus
schma classique tendant rsumer les donnes dactivation chez le patient parkinsonien en
terme dhypoactivation, doit tre profondment nuanc. Il faut par ailleurs souligner le fait
que ces patients sont capables de recruter lAMS lors de la ralisation de tches motrices
squentielles complexes (Catalan et al, 1999) montrant donc quil existe principalement un
niveau de recrutement suprieur (mais nanmoins possible) chez ces patients.
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