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Mathematiques discr`etes
Suites et sommes
Cours 12, MATH/COSC 1056F
Julien Dompierre
D
epartement de math
ematiques et dinformatique
Universit
e Laurentienne
n
n2
n3
n4
2n
3n
n!
1, 2,
1, 4,
1, 8,
1, 16,
2, 4,
3, 9,
1, 2,
3,
4,
9, 16,
27, 64,
81, 256,
8, 16,
27, 81,
6, 24,
5,
6,
25,
36,
125, 216,
625, 1296,
32,
64,
243, 729,
120, 720,
Definition
7,
8,
9,
10
49,
64,
81,
100
343,
512,
729,
1000
2401, 4096,
6561,
10000
128,
256,
512,
1024
2187, 6561, 19683,
59049
5040, 40320, 362880, 3628800
Definition
Une progression g
eom
etrique est une suite de la forme
a, ar , ar 2 , ar 3 , ..., ar n , ...
o`
u a (l
el
ement initial) et r (la raison) sont des nombres reels.
Definition : somme
Definition
Definition
n
X
aj
j=m
o`
u a (l
el
ement initial) et d (la diff
erence commune) sont des
nombres reels.
qui signifie
am + am+1 + ... + an .
Somme et arithmetique
axj = a
n
X
xj
j=1
j=1
n
n
n
X
X
X
yj
xj +
(xj + yj ) =
j=1
n
X
j=1
(axj + byj ) = a
n
X
xj + b
n
X
j=1
j=1
j=1
n
n
n
X
X
X
xj
xj yj 6=
yj
j=1
j=1
S=
j=1
j=1
n
X
i =1
yj
i = 1 + 2 + 3 + + (n 1) + n =
n(n + 1)
2
n
X
(a + id) = a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) + + (a + nd)
i =0
n
X
i =0
a+
n
X
id = (n + 1)a + d
i =0
= (n + 1)a + d
n
X
n
X
n
1)
a(n
X
+n+1
si r = 1
r
1
ar j =
S=
a
si r =
6 1.
j=0
r 1
Demonstration.
i
i =0
rS
= r
rS
rS
n
X
k=1
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
6
k3 =
n2 (n + 1)2
4
xk
1
,
1x
X
k=1
k=0
kx k1 =
n+1
X
n
X
rar j =
= a(r
ar j+1
j=0
j=0
ar j = ar n+1 +
j=1
n+1
n
X
n
X
ar j = ar n+1 a +
j=1
n
X
ar j
j=0
1) + S
Definition : produit
k2 =
k=1
n
X
ar j =
j=0
i =1
(n + 1)(2a + dn)
2
n
X
j=m
|x| < 1
1
,
(1 x)2
Definition
|x| < 1
qui signifie
am am+1 ... an .
Definition : Cardinalite
Definition
Definition