86A/672/FDIS

2
FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
PROJET FINAL DE NORME INTERNATIONALE
Project number IEC 60793-1-43 Ed. 1
Numéro de projet
IEC/TC or SC CEI/CE ou SC Secretariat / Secrétariat
86A France
Submitted for parallel voting in CENELEC Circulated on / Diffusé le Voting terminates on / Vote clos le
Soumis au vote parallèle au CENELEC 2001-02-23 2001-04-27
Also of interest to the following committees Supersedes document
Intéresse également les comités suivants Remplace le document
86A/531/CDV - 86A/572/RVC
Horizontal functions concerned
Fonctions horizontales concernées
Safety EMC Environment Quality assurance
Sécurité CEM Environnement Assurance de la qualité
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE

Title
IEC 60793-1-43, Ed. 1: Optical fibres - Part 1-43: Measurement methods and test
procedures - Numerical aperture

Titre
CEI 60793-1-43, Ed. 1: Fibres optiques - Partie 1-43: Méthodes de mesure et
procédures d'essai - Ouverture numérique

ATTENTION ATTENTION
VOTE PARALLÈLE IEC – CENELEC
CEI – CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING
L’attention des Comités nationaux de la CEI, membres du The attention of IEC National Committees, members of
CENELEC, est attirée sur le fait que ce projet final de CENELEC, is drawn to the fact that this final Draft
Norme internationale est soumis au vote parallèle. Un International Standard (DIS) is submitted for parallel
bulletin de vote séparé pour le vote CENELEC leur sera voting. A separate form for CENELEC voting will be sent to
envoyé par le Secrétariat Central du CENELEC. them by the CENELEC Central Secretariat.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED FOR APPROVAL. IT MAY NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, FINAL DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE
MAY BE MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.

CE DOCUMENT EST UN PROJET DIFFUSÉ POUR APPROBATION. IL NE PEUT ÊTRE CITÉ COMME NORME INTERNATIONALE AVANT SA PUBLICATION EN TANT QUE
TELLE.
OUTRE LE FAIT D'ÊTRE EXAMINÉS POUR ÉTABLIR S'ILS SONT ACCEPTABLES À DES FINS INDUSTRIELLES, TECHNOLOGIQUES ET COMMERCIALES, AINSI QUE DU
POINT DE VUE DES UTILISATEURS, LES PROJETS FINAUX DE NORMES INTERNATIONALES DOIVENT PARFOIS ÊTRE EXAMINÉS EN VUE DE LEUR POSSIBILITÉ DE
DEVENIR DES NORMES POUVANT SERVIR DE RÉFÉRENCE DANS LES RÈGLEMENTATIONS NATIONALES.

© International Electrotechnical Commission

FORM 9 (IEC)/FORMULAIRE 9 (CEI)

1999-10-01
 
93:<6040762)',6#‹#,(& ±#5#±


&217(176

3DJH

)25(:25' 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 6
,1752'8&7,21 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 8


&ODXVH
4 6FRSH 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 9
5 1RUPDWLYH#UHIHUHQFHV 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 9


6 2YHUYLHZ#RI#PHWKRG 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 9
7 5HIHUHQFH#WHVW#PHWKRG 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 :
8 $SSDUDWXV 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 :
814 ,QSXW#V\VWHP 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 :
81414 /LJKW#VRXUFH 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 :


81415 ,QSXW#RSWLFV 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 :
81416 )LEUH#LQSXW#HQG#VXSSRUW#DQG#DOLJQPHQW 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 :
81417 &ODGGLQJ#PRGH#VWULSSHU 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 ;
815 2XWSXW#V\VWHP#DQG#GHWHFWLRQ 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 ;

81514 7HFKQLTXH#4#±#$QJXODU#VFDQ#+VHH#ILJXUH#4,111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 ;
81515 7HFKQLTXH#5#±#$QJXODU#VFDQ#+VHH#ILJXUH#5,111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 ;
81516 7HFKQLTXH#6#±#6FDQ#RI#WKH#VSDWLDO#ILHOG#SDWWHUQ#+VHH#ILJXUH#6, 11111111111111111111111 ;
81517 2SWLFDO#GHWHFWRU11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111144
9 6DPSOLQJ#DQG#VSHFLPHQV 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111144


914 6SHFLPHQ#OHQJWK 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111144

915 6SHFLPHQ#HQG#IDFH 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111145
: 3URFHGXUH 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111145
; &DOFXODWLRQV 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111145


;14 )DU#ILHOG#YHUVXV#PD[LPXP#WKHRUHWLFDO#YDOXH 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111145

;15 )LYH#SHU#FHQW#LQWHQVLW\#DQJOH/# θ 8 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111145
;16 1XPHULFDO#DSHUWXUH/#1$ II 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111145
< 5HVXOWV 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111146


<14 ,QIRUPDWLRQ#WR#EH#SURYLGHG#ZLWK#HDFK#PHDVXUHPHQW 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111146

<15 ,QIRUPDWLRQ#DYDLODEOH#XSRQ#UHTXHVW 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111146
43 6SHFLILFDWLRQ#LQIRUPDWLRQ 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111146




 
93:<6040762)',6#‹#,(& ±#6#±


,17(51$7,21$/#(/(&7527(&+1,&$/#&200,66,21
BBBBBBBBBBB

237,&$/#),%5(6#±

3DUW#4076=#0HDVXUHPHQW#PHWKRGV#DQG#WHVW#SURFHGXUHV#±


1XPHULFDO#DSHUWXUH

)25(:25'


4, 7KH#,(&#+,QWHUQDWLRQDO#(OHFWURWHFKQLFDO#&RPPLVVLRQ,# LV# D# ZRUOGZLGH# RUJDQL]DWLRQ# IRU# VWDQGDUGL]DWLRQ# FRPSULVLQJ
DOO# QDWLRQDO# HOHFWURWHFKQLFDO# FRPPLWWHHV# +,(&# 1DWLRQDO# &RPPLWWHHV,1# 7KH# REMHFW# RI# WKH# ,(&# LV# WR# SURPRWH
LQWHUQDWLRQDO# FR0RSHUDWLRQ# RQ# DOO# TXHVWLRQV# FRQFHUQLQJ# VWDQGDUGL]DWLRQ# LQ# WKH# HOHFWULFDO# DQG# HOHFWURQLF# ILHOGV1# 7R
WKLV# HQG# DQG# LQ# DGGLWLRQ# WR# RWKHU# DFWLYLWLHV/# WKH# ,(&# SXEOLVKHV# ,QWHUQDWLRQDO# 6WDQGDUGV1# 7KHLU# SUHSDUDWLRQ# LV
HQWUXVWHG# WR# WHFKQLFDO# FRPPLWWHHV># DQ\# ,(&# 1DWLRQDO# &RPPLWWHH# LQWHUHVWHG# LQ# WKH# VXEMHFW# GHDOW# ZLWK# PD\
SDUWLFLSDWH# LQ# WKLV# SUHSDUDWRU\# ZRUN1# ,QWHUQDWLRQDO/# JRYHUQPHQWDO# DQG# QRQ0JRYHUQPHQWDO# RUJDQL]DWLRQV# OLDLVLQJ
ZLWK#WKH#,(&#DOVR#SDUWLFLSDWH#LQ#WKLV#SUHSDUDWLRQ1#7KH#,(&#FROODERUDWHV#FORVHO\#ZLWK#WKH#,QWHUQDWLRQDO#2UJDQL]DWLRQ
IRU# 6WDQGDUGL]DWLRQ# +,62,# LQ# DFFRUGDQFH# ZLWK# FRQGLWLRQV# GHWHUPLQHG# E\# DJUHHPHQW# EHWZHHQ# WKH# WZR


RUJDQL]DWLRQV1
5, 7KH# IRUPDO# GHFLVLRQV# RU# DJUHHPHQWV# RI# WKH# ,(&# RQ# WHFKQLFDO# PDWWHUV# H[SUHVV/# DV# QHDUO\# DV# SRVVLEOH/# DQ
LQWHUQDWLRQDO# FRQVHQVXV# RI# RSLQLRQ# RQ# WKH# UHOHYDQW# VXEMHFWV# VLQFH# HDFK# WHFKQLFDO# FRPPLWWHH# KDV# UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ
IURP#DOO#LQWHUHVWHG#1DWLRQDO#&RPPLWWHHV1
6, 7KH#GRFXPHQWV#SURGXFHG#KDYH#WKH#IRUP#RI#UHFRPPHQGDWLRQV#IRU#LQWHUQDWLRQDO#XVH#DQG#DUH#SXEOLVKHG#LQ#WKH#IRUP
RI# VWDQGDUGV/# WHFKQLFDO# VSHFLILFDWLRQV/# WHFKQLFDO# UHSRUWV# RU# JXLGHV# DQG# WKH\# DUH# DFFHSWHG# E\# WKH# 1DWLRQDO

&RPPLWWHHV#LQ#WKDW#VHQVH1
7, ,Q# RUGHU# WR# SURPRWH# LQWHUQDWLRQDO# XQLILFDWLRQ/# ,(&# 1DWLRQDO# &RPPLWWHHV# XQGHUWDNH# WR# DSSO\# ,(&# ,QWHUQDWLRQDO
6WDQGDUGV# WUDQVSDUHQWO\# WR# WKH# PD[LPXP# H[WHQW# SRVVLEOH# LQ# WKHLU# QDWLRQDO# DQG# UHJLRQDO# VWDQGDUGV1# $Q\
GLYHUJHQFH# EHWZHHQ# WKH# ,(&# 6WDQGDUG# DQG# WKH# FRUUHVSRQGLQJ# QDWLRQDO# RU# UHJLRQDO# VWDQGDUG# VKDOO# EH# FOHDUO\
LQGLFDWHG#LQ#WKH#ODWWHU1
8, 7KH# ,(&# SURYLGHV# QR# PDUNLQJ# SURFHGXUH# WR# LQGLFDWH# LWV# DSSURYDO# DQG# FDQQRW# EH# UHQGHUHG# UHVSRQVLEOH# IRU# DQ\
HTXLSPHQW#GHFODUHG#WR#EH#LQ#FRQIRUPLW\#ZLWK#RQH#RI#LWV#VWDQGDUGV1


9, $WWHQWLRQ#LV#GUDZQ#WR#WKH#SRVVLELOLW\#WKDW#VRPH#RI#WKH#HOHPHQWV#RI#WKLV#,QWHUQDWLRQDO#6WDQGDUG#PD\#EH#WKH#VXEMHFW
RI#SDWHQW#ULJKWV1#7KH#,(&#VKDOO#QRW#EH#KHOG#UHVSRQVLEOH#IRU#LGHQWLI\LQJ#DQ\#RU#DOO#VXFK#SDWHQW#ULJKWV1

,QWHUQDWLRQDO# 6WDQGDUG# ,(&# 93:<604076# KDV# EHHQ# SUHSDUHG# E\# VXEFRPPLWWHH# ;9$=# )LEUHV# DQG
FDEOHV/#RI#,(&#WHFKQLFDO#FRPPLWWHH#;9=#)LEUH#RSWLFV1


7KLV# VWDQGDUG/# WRJHWKHU# ZLWK# WKH# RWKHU# VWDQGDUGV# LQ# WKH# ,(&# 93:<60407;# VHULHV/# UHSODFHV
WKH#VHFRQG#HGLWLRQ#RI#,(&#93:<60407/#RI#ZKLFK#LW#FRQVWLWXWHV#D#WHFKQLFDO#UHYLVLRQ1

7KH#WH[W#RI#WKLV#VWDQGDUG#LV#EDVHG#RQ#WKH#IROORZLQJ#GRFXPHQWV=


)',6 5HSRUW#RQ#YRWLQJ
;9$2;;;2)',6 ;9$2;;;259'

)XOO# LQIRUPDWLRQ# RQ# WKH# YRWLQJ# IRU# WKH# DSSURYDO# RI# WKLV# VWDQGDUG# FDQ# EH# IRXQG# LQ# WKH# UHSRUW# RQ
YRWLQJ#LQGLFDWHG#LQ#WKH#DERYH#WDEOH1


7KLV#SXEOLFDWLRQ#KDV#EHHQ#GUDIWHG#LQ#DFFRUGDQFH#ZLWK#WKH#,622,(&#'LUHFWLYHV/#3DUW#61

7KLV#VWDQGDUG#VKDOO#EH#UHDG#LQ#FRQMXQFWLRQ#ZLWK#,(&#93:<60404#DQG#,(&#93:<604051



 
93:<6040762)',6#‹#,(& ±#7#±


,(&#93:<60407;#FRQVLVWV#RI#WKH#IROORZLQJ#SDUWV/#XQGHU#WKH#JHQHUDO#WLWOH#2SWLFDO#ILEUHV=

± 3DUW#4073=#0HDVXUHPHQW#PHWKRGV#DQG#WHVW#SURFHGXUHV#±#$WWHQXDWLRQ
± 3DUW#4074=#0HDVXUHPHQW#PHWKRGV#DQG#WHVW#SURFHGXUHV#±#%DQGZLGWK
± 3DUW#4075=#0HDVXUHPHQW#PHWKRGV#DQG#WHVW#SURFHGXUHV#±#&KURPDWLF#GLVSHUVLRQ


± 3DUW#4076=#0HDVXUHPHQW#PHWKRGV#DQG#WHVW#SURFHGXUHV#±#1XPHULFDO#DSHUWXUH
± 3DUW#4077=#0HDVXUHPHQW#PHWKRGV#DQG#WHVW#SURFHGXUHV#±#&XW0RII#ZDYHOHQJWK
± 3DUW#4078=#0HDVXUHPHQW#PHWKRGV#DQG#WHVW#SURFHGXUHV#±#0RGH#ILHOG#GLDPHWHU
± 3DUW# 4079=# 0HDVXUHPHQW# PHWKRGV# DQG# WHVW# SURFHGXUHV# ±# 0RQLWRULQJ# RI# FKDQJHV# LQ# RSWLFDO
WUDQVPLWWDQFH


± 3DUW#407:=#0HDVXUHPHQW#PHWKRGV#DQG#WHVW#SURFHGXUHV#±#0DFUREHQGLQJ#ORVV
± 3DUW#407;=#0HDVXUHPHQW#PHWKRGV#DQG#WHVW#SURFHGXUHV#±#8QGHU#FRQVLGHUDWLRQ
± 3DUW#407<=#0HDVXUHPHQW#PHWKRGV#DQG#WHVW#SURFHGXUHV#±#8QGHU#FRQVLGHUDWLRQ

7KH# FRPPLWWHH# KDV# GHFLGHG# WKDW# WKH# FRQWHQWV# RI# WKLV# SXEOLFDWLRQ# ZLOO# UHPDLQ# XQFKDQJHG# XQWLO
53361#$W#WKLV#GDWH/#WKH#SXEOLFDWLRQ#ZLOO#EH

‡
‡
‡
UHFRQILUPHG>
ZLWKGUDZQ>
UHSODFHG#E\#D#UHYLVHG#HGLWLRQ/#RU


‡ DPHQGHG1








 
93:<6040762)',6#‹#,(& ±#8#±


,1752'8&7,21

3XEOLFDWLRQV#LQ#WKH#,(&#93:<604#VHULHV#FRQFHUQ#PHDVXUHPHQW#PHWKRGV#DQG#WHVW#SURFHGXUHV#DV
WKH\#DSSO\#WR#RSWLFDO#ILEUHV1

:LWKLQ#WKH#VDPH#VHULHV#VHYHUDO#GLIIHUHQW#DUHDV#DUH#JURXSHG/#DV#IROORZV=


± SDUWV#4043#WR#404<=#*HQHUDO
± SDUWV#4053#WR#405<=#0HDVXUHPHQW#PHWKRGV#DQG#WHVW#SURFHGXUHV#IRU#GLPHQVLRQV
± SDUWV# 4063# WR# 406<=# 0HDVXUHPHQW# PHWKRGV# DQG# WHVW# SURFHGXUHV# IRU# PHFKDQLFDO
FKDUDFWHULVWLFV


± SDUWV#4073#WR#407<=#0HDVXUHPHQW#PHWKRGV#DQG#WHVW#SURFHGXUHV#IRU#WUDQVPLVVLRQ#DQG#RSWLFDO
FKDUDFWHULVWLFV
± SDUWV# 4083# WR# 408<=# 0HDVXUHPHQW# PHWKRGV# DQG# WHVW# SURFHGXUHV# IRU# HQYLURQPHQWDO
FKDUDFWHULVWLFV1











 
93:<6040762)',6#‹#,(& ±#9#±


237,&$/#),%5(6#±

3DUW#4076=#0HDVXUHPHQW#PHWKRGV#DQG#WHVW#SURFHGXUHV#±
1XPHULFDO#DSHUWXUH


4# 6FRSH

7KLV#SDUW#RI#,(&#93:<6#HVWDEOLVKHV#XQLIRUP#UHTXLUHPHQWV#IRU#PHDVXULQJ#WKH#QXPHULFDO#DSHUWXUH


RI# RSWLFDO# ILEUH/# WKHUHE\# DVVLVWLQJ# LQ# WKH# LQVSHFWLRQ# RI# ILEUHV# DQG# FDEOHV# IRU# FRPPHUFLDO
SXUSRVHV1

7KH# QXPHULFDO# DSHUWXUH# +1$,# RI# FDWHJRU\# $4# JUDGHG0LQGH[# PXOWLPRGH# ILEUH# LV# DQ# LPSRUWDQW
SDUDPHWHU# WKDW# GHVFULEHV# D# ILEUH*V# OLJKW0JDWKHULQJ# DELOLW\1# ,W# LV# XVHG# WR# SUHGLFW# ODXQFKLQJ
HIILFLHQF\/#MRLQW#ORVV#DW#VSOLFHV/#DQG#PLFUR2PDFUREHQGLQJ#SHUIRUPDQFH1

5# 1RUPDWLYH#UHIHUHQFHV


7KH# IROORZLQJ# QRUPDWLYH# GRFXPHQWV# FRQWDLQ# SURYLVLRQV# ZKLFK/# WKURXJK# UHIHUHQFH# LQ# WKLV# WH[W/
FRQVWLWXWH#SURYLVLRQV#RI#WKLV#SDUW#RI#,(&#93:<61#)RU#GDWHG#UHIHUHQFHV/#VXEVHTXHQW#DPHQGPHQWV

WR/# RU# UHYLVLRQV# RI/# DQ\# RI# WKHVH# SXEOLFDWLRQV# GR# QRW# DSSO\1# +RZHYHU/# SDUWLHV# WR# DJUHHPHQWV
EDVHG# RQ# WKLV# SDUW# RI,(&# 93:<6# DUH# HQFRXUDJHG# WR# LQYHVWLJDWH# WKH# SRVVLELOLW\# RI# DSSO\LQJ# WKH
PRVW#UHFHQW#HGLWLRQV#RI#WKH#QRUPDWLYH#GRFXPHQWV#LQGLFDWHG#EHORZ1#)RU#XQGDWHG#UHIHUHQFHV/#WKH
ODWHVW#HGLWLRQ#RI#WKH#QRUPDWLYH#GRFXPHQW#UHIHUUHG#WR#DSSOLHV1#0HPEHUV#RI#,(&#DQG#,62#PDLQWDLQ
UHJLVWHUV#RI#FXUUHQWO\#YDOLG#,QWHUQDWLRQDO#6WDQGDUGV1


,(&#93:<60404=4<<8/#2SWLFDO#ILEUHV#±#3DUW#4=#*HQHULF#VSHFLILFDWLRQ#±#6HFWLRQ#4=#*HQHUDO4

,(&# 93:<60405=4<<8/# 2SWLFDO# ILEUHV# ±# 3DUW# 4=# *HQHULF# VSHFLILFDWLRQ# ±# 6HFWLRQ# 5=# 0HDVXULQJ
PHWKRGV#IRU#GLPHQVLRQV


6# 2YHUYLHZ#RI#PHWKRG

7KLV# WHVW# SURFHGXUH# GHVFULEHV# D# PHWKRG# IRU# PHDVXULQJ# WKH# DQJXODU# UDGLDQW# LQWHQVLW\# +IDU0ILHOG,
GLVWULEXWLRQ# IURP# DQ# RSWLFDO# ILEUH1# 7KH# QXPHULFDO# DSHUWXUH# RI# D# FDWHJRU\# $4# JUDGHG0LQGH[


PXOWLPRGH#RSWLFDO#ILEUH#FDQ#EH#FDOFXODWHG#IURP#WKH#UHVXOWV#RI#WKLV#PHDVXUHPHQW#XVLQJ#HTXDWLRQ
+44,#IRU#1$#LQ#WKH#IDU#ILHOG/#1$ II / # DV#GHVFULEHG#LQ#;141

7KH#PD[LPXP#WKHRUHWLFDO#1$#RI#D#JUDGHG#LQGH[#PXOWLPRGH#ILEUH#LV#GHILQHG#DV#IROORZV=

1$ WK # #VLQ# θ P +4,


ZKHUH
1$ WK LV#WKH#PD[LPXP#WKHRUHWLFDO#QXPHULFDO#DSHUWXUH>
θP # LV#WKH#ODUJHVW#LQFLGHQW#PHULGLRQDO#UD\#DQJOH#WKDW#ZLOO#EH#JXLGHG#E\#WKH#ILEUH1




BBBBBBBBBBB
4# $#FRQVROLGDWHG#HGLWLRQ#H[LVWV#+4<<<,#WKDW#LQFOXGHV#,(&#93:<60404#+4<<8,#DQG#LWV#DPHQGPHQW#4#+4<<;,1
 
93:<6040762)',6#‹#,(& ±#:#±


,Q#WHUPV#RI#WKH#ILEUH#LQGH[#SURILOH=

1$ WK # Q 45 − Q 55 +5,


ZKHUH# Q 4 # LV# WKH# PD[LPXP# UHIUDFWLYH# LQGH[# RI# WKH# FRUH/# DQG# Q 5 # LV# WKH# UHIUDFWLYH# LQGH[# RI# WKH
FODGGLQJ

RU 1$ WK # #Q 4 # 5∆ +6,


Q4 − Q 5
ZKHUH ∆ = #IRU#∆#??#4 +7,
Q4

1$#FDQ#EH#GHWHUPLQHG#IURP#D#IDU0ILHOG#UDGLDWLRQ#SDWWHUQ#PHDVXUHPHQW#RQ#D#VKRUW#OHQJWK#RI#ILEUH
RU# IURP# D# PHDVXUHPHQW# RI# D# ILEUH*V# UHIUDFWLYH# LQGH[# SURILOH1# 8VLQJ# WKH# IDU0ILHOG# PHWKRG/# WKH


LQWHQVLW\#SDWWHUQ/#,+ θ ,/#RI#D#ILEUH#LV#DFTXLUHG/#DQG#WKH#1$ II #+QXPHULFDO#DSHUWXUH#LQ#WKH#IDU#ILHOG,#LV
GHILQHG#DV#WKH#VLQH#RI#WKH#KDOI0DQJOH#ZKHUH#WKH#LQWHQVLW\#KDV#GHFUHDVHG#WR#8#(#RI#LWV#PD[LPXP
YDOXH1

7# 5HIHUHQFH#WHVW#PHWKRG

%HFDXVH#WKHUH#LV#RQO\#RQH#PHWKRG#IRU#PHDVXULQJ#QXPHULFDO#DSHUWXUH/#WKHUH#LV#QR#UHIHUHQFH#WHVW
PHWKRG#+570,#DV#RI#WKH#SXEOLFDWLRQ#GDWH#RI#WKLV#VWDQGDUG1#$GGLWLRQDO#PHWKRGV#PD\#EH#DGGHG#LQ
WKH#IXWXUH/#KRZHYHU1


8# $SSDUDWXV

814# ,QSXW#V\VWHP

81414# /LJKW#VRXUFH


8VH#DQ#LQFRKHUHQW#OLJKW#VRXUFH#FDSDEOH#RI#SURGXFLQJ#DQ#DUHD#RI#VXEVWDQWLDOO\#FRQVWDQW#UDGLDQFH
+YDULDWLRQV#RI#OHVV#WKDQ#43#(#LQ#LQWHQVLW\,#RQ#WKH#HQGIDFH#RI#WKH#VSHFLPHQ1#,W# VKDOO# EH# VWDEOH# LQ
LQWHQVLW\#DQG#SRVLWLRQ#RYHU#D#WLPH#LQWHUYDO#VXIILFLHQW#WR#SHUIRUP#WKH#PHDVXUHPHQW1


81415# ,QSXW#RSWLFV

8VH# D# V\VWHP# RI# RSWLFDO# FRPSRQHQWV# WR# FUHDWH# D# PRQRFKURPDWLF# +?433# QP# IXOO# ZLGWK# KDOI
PD[LPXP,/# VXEVWDQWLDOO\# FRQVWDQW# UDGLDQFH# VSRW# ODUJHU# LQ# GLDPHWHU# WKDQ# WKH# HQGIDFH# RI# WKH
VSHFLPHQ#DQG#ZLWK#D#QXPHULFDO#DSHUWXUH#JUHDWHU#WKDQ#WKDW#RI#WKH#VSHFLPHQ1

8QOHVV#RWKHUZLVH#VSHFLILHG/#WKH#FHQWUH#ZDYHOHQJWK#VKDOO#EH#;83#QP#“#58#QP1#3URYLGH#D#PHDQV
RI#YHULI\LQJ#WKH#DOLJQPHQW#RI#WKH#HQGIDFH1#2SWLFDO#ILOWHUV#PD\#EH#XVHG#WR#OLPLW#WKH#VSHFWUDO#ZLGWK


RI#WKH#VRXUFH1

81416# )LEUH#LQSXW#HQG#VXSSRUW#DQG#DOLJQPHQW

3URYLGH# D# PHDQV# RI# VXSSRUWLQJ# WKH# LQSXW# HQG# RI# WKH# VSHFLPHQ# WR# DOORZ# VWDEOH# DQG# UHSHDWDEOH


SRVLWLRQLQJ#ZLWKRXW#LQWURGXFLQJ#VLJQLILFDQW#ILEUH#GHIRUPDWLRQ1#3URYLGH#VXLWDEOH#PHDQV#WR#DOLJQ#WKH
LQSXW#HQGIDFH#ZLWK#UHVSHFW#WR#WKH#ODXQFK#UDGLDWLRQ1


 
93:<6040762)',6#‹#,(& ±#;#±


81417# &ODGGLQJ#PRGH#VWULSSHU

3URYLGH#PHDQV#WR#UHPRYH#FODGGLQJ#OLJKW#IURP#WKH#VSHFLPHQ1#2IWHQ#WKH#ILEUH#FRDWLQJ#LV#VXIILFLHQW
WR# SHUIRUP# WKLV# IXQFWLRQ1# 2WKHUZLVH/# LW# ZLOO# EH# QHFHVVDU\# WR# XVH# FODGGLQJ# PRGH# VWULSSHUV# QHDU
ERWK#HQGV#RI#WKH#WHVW#VSHFLPHQ1


815# 2XWSXW#V\VWHP#DQG#GHWHFWLRQ

7KUHH# HTXLYDOHQW# WHFKQLTXHV# PD\# EH# XVHG# WR# GHWHFW# WKH# DQJXODU# UDGLDQW# LQWHQVLW\# +IDU# ILHOG,
GLVWULEXWLRQ# IURP# WKH# VSHFLPHQ1# 7HFKQLTXHV# 4# DQG# 5# DUH# DQJXODU# VFDQV# RI# WKH# IDU0ILHOG# SDWWHUQ1
7HFKQLTXH#6#LV#D#VFDQ#RI#WKH#VSDWLDO#WUDQVIRUP#RI#WKH#DQJXODU#LQWHQVLW\#SDWWHUQ#+D#VPDOO#RU#ODUJH
DUHD#VFDQQLQJ#GHWHFWRU#PD\#EH#XVHG1,


81514# 7HFKQLTXH#4#±#$QJXODU#VFDQ#+VHH#ILJXUH#4,

8151414# )LEUH#RXWSXW#HQG#VXSSRUW#DQG#DOLJQPHQW

8VH#D#PHDQV#RI#VXSSRUWLQJ# DQG# DOLJQLQJ# WKH# RXWSXW# HQG# RI# WKH# VSHFLPHQ# WKDW# DOORZV# DOLJQPHQW
RI# WKH# HQGIDFH# QRUPDO# WR# DQG# FRLQFLGHQW# ZLWK# WKH# D[LV# RI# URWDWLRQ# RI# WKH# RSWLFDO# GHWHFWRU# DQG


FRLQFLGHQW#ZLWK#WKH#SODQH#RI#URWDWLRQ#RI#WKH#RSWLFDO#GHWHFWRU1

)RU#H[DPSOH/#D#YDFXXP#FKXFN#PRXQWHG#RQ#;0<0=#PLFURSRVLWLRQHUV#ZLWK#D#PLFURVFRSH#IL[WXUH#IRU
DOLJQLQJ# WKH# ILEUH# HQG# ZRXOG# EH# VXLWDEOH1# ([DPSOHV# LQFOXGH# D# JRQLRPHWHU# RU# VWHSSHU0PRWRU
GULYHQ#URWDWLRQDO#VWDJH1

8151415# 'HWHFWLRQ#V\VWHP#PHFKDQLFV

8VH#D#VXLWDEOH#PHDQV#IRU#URWDWLRQ#RI#WKH#RSWLFDO#GHWHFWRU#WKDW#DOORZV#WKH#GHWHFWRU#WR#VFDQ#DQ#DUF
VXIILFLHQW# WR# FRYHU# HVVHQWLDOO\# WKH# IXOO# UDGLDWLRQ# FRQH# IURP# WKH# VSHFLPHQ# +IRU# H[DPSOH/# D
FDOLEUDWHG#JRQLRPHWHU,1#7KH#D[LV#RI#URWDWLRQ#RI#WKH#PHFKDQLVP#VKDOO#LQWHUFHSW#WKH#HQGIDFH#RI#WKH


VSHFLPHQ# DQG# VKDOO# EH# SHUSHQGLFXODU# WR# WKH# VSHFLPHQ# D[LV/# DQG# WKH# URWDWLRQ# SODQH# RI# WKLV
PHFKDQLVP#VKDOO#EH#FRLQFLGHQW#ZLWK#WKH#D[LV#RI#WKH#VSHFLPHQ1#3URYLGH#PHDQV#IRU#UHFRUGLQJ#WKH
UHODWLYH#DQJXODU#SRVLWLRQ#RI#WKH#GHWHFWRU#ZLWK#UHVSHFW#WR#WKH#VSHFLPHQ#RXWSXW#D[LV1

81515# 7HFKQLTXH#5#±#$QJXODU#VFDQ#+VHH#ILJXUH#5,


8VH#D#PHDQV#RI#VXSSRUWLQJ#WKH#VSHFLPHQ#VXFK#WKDW#WKH#RXWSXW#HQGIDFH#LV#SHUSHQGLFXODU#WR/#DQG
FRLQFLGHQW# ZLWK/# WKH# D[LV# RI# URWDWLRQ# RI# WKH# VSHFLPHQ1# 7KLV# PHFKDQLVP# +H1J1# D# JRQLRPHWHU# RU
SUHFLVLRQ# URWDWLQJ# VWDJH,# VKDOO# URWDWH# VXIILFLHQWO\# WR# DOORZ# WKH# IXOO# UDGLDWLRQ# FRQH# LQ# WKH# SODQH# RI
URWDWLRQ# WR# VZHHS# SDVW# WKH# IL[HG# GHWHFWRU1# 7KDW# LV/# WKH# URWDWLRQ# VKDOO# EH# JUHDWHU# WKDQ# WKH# WRWDO
DQJOH#RI#WKH#VSHFLPHQ#RXWSXW#UDGLDWLRQ1#3URYLGH#PHDQV#WR#UHFRUG#WKH#LQFOXGHG#DQJOH#IRUPHG#E\


WKH#VSHFLPHQ#D[LV#DQG#WKH#LPDJLQDU\#OLQH#EHWZHHQ#WKH#GHWHFWRU#DQG#VSHFLPHQ#HQGIDFH1

81516# 7HFKQLTXH#6#±#6FDQ#RI#WKH#VSDWLDO#ILHOG#SDWWHUQ#+VHH#ILJXUH#6,

8151614# )LEUH#RXWSXW#HQG#VXSSRUW#DSSDUDWXV

3URYLGH# D# PHDQV# RI# VXSSRUWLQJ# DQG# DOLJQLQJ# WKH# VSHFLPHQ# RXWSXW# HQG# WKDW# DOORZV# VWDEOH# DQG
UHSHDWDEOH#SRVLWLRQLQJ1


8151615# )DU0ILHOG#WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ#DQG#SURMHFWLRQ

&UHDWH#D#VSDWLDO#UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ#RI#WKH#IDU#ILHOG#RI#WKH#VSHFLPHQ#E\#VXLWDEOH#PHDQV#+IRU#H[DPSOH/
E\#XVLQJ#D#PLFURVFRSH#REMHFWLYH#RU#RWKHU#ZHOO#FRUUHFWHG#OHQV#WR#REWDLQ#WKH#)RXULHU#WUDQVIRUP#RI


WKH#ILEUH#RXWSXW#QHDU0ILHOG#SDWWHUQ,1


 
93:<6040762)',6#‹#,(& ±#<#±


6FDQ#WKLV#SDWWHUQ#RU#LWV#LPDJH#XVLQJ#D#SLQKROH#DSHUWXUH#DV#WR#HQDEOH#WKH#IDU0ILHOG#LQWHQVLW\#WR#EH
UHFRUGHG1# 7KH# VL]H# RI# WKH# SLQKROH# DSHUWXUH# VKDOO# EH# OHVV# WKDQ/# RU# HTXDO# WR/# RQH0KDOI# WKH
GLIIUDFWLRQ#OLPLW#RI#WKH#V\VWHP=

4/ 55 0 λ I
G ≤ +8,


5'

ZKHUH
G LV#WKH#GLDPHWHU#RI#WKH#SLQKROH/#LQ#—P>
0# LV# WKH# PDJQLILFDWLRQ# IURP# WKH# EDFN# IRFDO# SODQH# RI# WKH# WUDQVIRUPLQJ# OHQV# WR# WKH# VFDQQLQJ
SODQH>


λ LV#WKH#VSHFWUDO#ZDYHOHQJWK#HPLWWHG#IURP#WKH#ILEUH/#LQ#QP>
I LV#WKH#IRFDO#OHQJWK#RI#WKH#WUDQVIRUP#OHQV/#LQ#PP>
' LV#WKH#ILEUH#FRUH#GLDPHWHU/#LQ#—P1

7KH#QXPHULFDO#DSHUWXUH#RI#WKH#OHQV/#/ 4 /#VKRXOG#EH#ODUJH#HQRXJK#VR#DV#QRW#WR#OLPLW#WKH#QXPHULFDO


DSHUWXUH#RI#WKH#ILEUH#VSHFLPHQ1

:KHUH#WKH#IDU0ILHOG#SDWWHUQ#LV#UHSUHVHQWHG#E\#D#OHQV/#FDUH#VKRXOG#EH#WDNHQ#WKDW/#HVSHFLDOO\#ZLWK
KLJK#DSHUWXUHV/#WKH#GLDPHWHU#RI#WKH#UHOD\#OHQV/#/ 5 /#LV#VXIILFLHQWO\#ODUJH#VR#DV#WR#DYRLG#GDUNHQLQJ
WKH#SHULSKHU\=

' 45 #!#5#I#WDQ# Φ +9,

ZKHUH
' 45 LV#WKH#GLDPHWHU#RI#WKH#UHOD\#OHQV/#LQ#PP>
I LV#WKH#IRFDO#OHQJWK#RI#WKH#WUDQVIRUP#OHQV/#LQ#PP>


VLQ# Φ #LV#WKH#QXPHULFDO#DSHUWXUH/#1$1





)LJXUH#4#±#7HFKQLTXH#4#±#$QJXODU#VFDQ



 
93:<6040762)',6#‹#,(& ±#43#±




)LJXUH#5#±#7HFKQLTXH#5#±#$QJXODU#VFDQ





)LJXUH#6#±#7HFKQLTXH#6#±#6FDQ#RI#WKH#VSDWLDO#ILHOG#SDWWHUQ


8151616# 6FDQQLQJ#V\VWHP

3URYLGH# D# PHWKRG# RI# VFDQQLQJ# WKH# IDU0ILHOG# SDWWHUQ# ZLWK# UHVSHFW# WR# WKH# SLQKROH# DSHUWXUH# DQG
GHWHFWRU1


8151617# 6\VWHP#FDOLEUDWLRQ

3HUIRUP# D# FDOLEUDWLRQ# WR# PHDVXUH# WKH# FRQYHUVLRQ# IDFWRU# WKDW# UHODWHV# WKH# GLVWDQFH# RI# PRYHPHQW
RI# WKH# VFDQQLQJ# V\VWHP# WR# WKH# DFWXDO# GLVWDQFH# VFDQQHG# LQ# WKH# EDFN# IRFDO# SODQH# RI# WKH# IDU0ILHOG
WUDQVIRUPLQJ#OHQV1#$#SDWWHUQ#RI#NQRZQ#GLPHQVLRQV/#FDUHIXOO\#SODFHG#LQ#WKH#EDFN#IRFDO#SODQH/#/ 4 /
FDQ#EH#XVHG#IRU#WKLV#SXUSRVH1


,Q# DGGLWLRQ/# GHWHUPLQH# WKH# IDFWRU# WKDW# UHODWHV# VFDQ# SRVLWLRQ# LQ# WKH# ILHOG# SDWWHUQ# WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ
SODQH#+WKH#EDFN#IRFDO#SODQH#RI#/ 4 #LQ#ILJXUH#6,#WR#HPLVVLRQ#DQJOH/# θ /#ZLWK#UHVSHFW#WR#WKH#VSHFLPHQ
RXWSXW#HQG#D[LV#DV

\# #I#VLQ# θ +:,


ZKHUH
\ LV#WKH#GLVWDQFH#IURP#WKH#D[LV#WR#WKH#VSDWLDO#ILHOG#SDWWHUQ>
I LV#WKH#IRFDO#OHQJWK#RI#WKH#WUDQVIRUP#OHQV/#/ 4 >



θ LV#WKH#DQJOH#ZLWK#UHVSHFW#WR#WKH#RSWLFDO#D[LV1
 
93:<6040762)',6#‹#,(& ±#44#±


8151618# 5HFRUGLQJ#V\VWHP

3URYLGH#PHDQV#WR#UHFRUG#(+\,/#WKH#GHWHFWHG#LQWHQVLW\#DV#D#IXQFWLRQ#RI#WKH# VFDQ# SRVLWLRQ/# \/# DQG

WR#FRUUHFW#WKH#GHWHFWHG#LQWHQVLW\#DV#IROORZV=

,#+ θ ,# #(+\,#FRV# θ +;,


ZKHUH
,+ θ ,# LV#WKH#DQJXODU#LQWHQVLW\#GLVWULEXWLRQ#DV#GHWHFWHG#E\#WKH#DQJXODU#VFDQ#OHQV>
(+\,# LV#WKH#UDGLDQFH#DW#GLVWDQFH#\#IURP#WKH#D[LV#RI#WKH#VSDWLDO#SDWWHUQ>
\# LV#WKH#GLVWDQFH#IURP#WKH#D[LV#WR#WKH#VSDWLDO#ILHOG#SDWWHUQ>


θ LV#WKH#DQJOH#ZLWK#UHVSHFW#WR#WKH#D[LV#RI#WKH#VSHFLPHQ#RXWSXW1

81517# 2SWLFDO#GHWHFWRU

8VH# D# GHWHFWRU# WKDW# LV# OLQHDU# ZLWKLQ# 8# (# RYHU# WKH# UDQJH# RI# LQWHQVLW\# HQFRXQWHUHG1# $# SLQKROH
DSHUWXUH#PD\#EH#XVHG#WR#UHVWULFW#WKH#HIIHFWLYH#VL]H#RI#WKH#GHWHFWRU#LQ#RUGHU#WR#DFKLHYH#LQFUHDVHG


UHVROXWLRQ1#7KH#GHWHFWRU#RU#DSHUWXUH#VL]H#FDQ#EH#GHWHUPLQHG#DFFRUGLQJ#WR#WKH#DQJXODU#UHVROXWLRQ
WKDW#LV#GHVLUHG#IRU#WKH#DSSDUDWXV#DFFRUGLQJ#WR#WKH#IRUPXOD=

θ5
' = +<,
3 /39

ZKHUH
'# LV#WKH#GHWHFWRU#DSHUWXUH#GLDPHWHU/#LQ#µP>
θ LV#WKH#GHVLUHG#DQJXODU#UHVROXWLRQ/#LQ#GHJUHHV#+ƒ,>
5# LV#WKH#GLVWDQFH#IURP#WKH#VDPSOH#RXWSXW#HQGIDFH#WR#WKH#GHWHFWRU#RU#DSHUWXUH/#LQ#PP1


$#UHVROXWLRQ#RI#“3/8ƒ#LV#W\SLFDOO\#XVHG1#5#VKDOO#DOVR#PHHW#WKH#IDU0ILHOG#UHTXLUHPHQW=

G5
5 ≥ +43,


ZKHUH
5 LV#WKH#GLVWDQFH#IURP#WKH#VDPSOH#RXWSXW#HQGIDFH#WR#WKH#GHWHFWRU#RU#DSHUWXUH/#LQ#PP>


G LV#WKH#GLDPHWHU#RI#WKH#HPLWWLQJ#UHJLRQ#RI#WKH#VSHFLPHQ/#LQ#µP>
λ LV#WKH#FHQWUH#ZDYHOHQJWK#RI#WKH#RSWLFDO#VRXUFH/#LQ#QP1

(TXDWLRQ#+8,#JLYHV#WKH#DSSURSULDWH#GHWHFWRU#RU#DSHUWXUH#VL]H#IRU#WHFKQLTXH#61

9# 6DPSOLQJ#DQG#VSHFLPHQV


914# 6SHFLPHQ#OHQJWK

7KH#VSHFLPHQ#VKDOO#EH#D#UHSUHVHQWDWLYH#VDPSOH#RI#ILEUH#5/3#P#“#3/5#P#LQ#OHQJWK1



 
93:<6040762)',6#‹#,(& ±#45#±


915# 6SHFLPHQ#HQG#IDFH

3UHSDUH# D# IODW# HQG# IDFH/# RUWKRJRQDO# WR# WKH# ILEUH# D[LV/# DW# WKH# LQSXW# DQG# RXWSXW# HQGV# RI# HDFK
VSHFLPHQ1# 7KH# DFFXUDF\# RI# WKHVH# PHDVXUHPHQWV# LV# DIIHFWHG# E\# D# QRQ0SHUSHQGLFXODU# HQGIDFH1
(QG#DQJOHV#OHVV#WKDQ#5ƒ#DUH#UHFRPPHQGHG1


:# 3URFHGXUH

:14## 3ODFH#WKH#VSHFLPHQ#HQGV#LQ#WKH#VXSSRUW#GHYLFHV1#7KH#LQSXW#HQG#VKDOO#EH#DSSUR[LPDWHO\#DW
WKH#FHQWUH#RI#WKH#LQSXW#SODFH#RI#WKH#IRFXVHG#LPDJH#RI#WKH#FRQVWDQW#UDGLDQFH#VSRW1


:15## 6HW#WKH#RSWLFDO#VRXUFH#WR#WKH#GHVLUHG#ZDYHOHQJWK#DQG#VSHFWUDO#ZLGWK1

:16## 6FDQ# WKH# IDU0ILHOG# UDGLDWLRQ# SDWWHUQ# DORQJ# D# GLDPHWHU# DQG# UHFRUG# LQWHQVLW\# YHUVXV# DQJXODU
SRVLWLRQ1


;# &DOFXODWLRQV

;14# )DU#ILHOG#YHUVXV#PD[LPXP#WKHRUHWLFDO#YDOXH

7KH# UHODWLRQVKLS# EHWZHHQ# WKH# IDU0ILHOG# QXPHULFDO# DSHUWXUH# DQG# WKH# PD[LPXP# WKHRUHWLFDO

QXPHULFDO#DSHUWXUH#LV#GHSHQGHQW#XSRQ#WKH#PHDVXUHPHQW#ZDYHOHQJWK#RI#WKH#IDU0ILHOG#DQG#SURILOH
PHDVXUHPHQWV1# 0RVW# IDU0ILHOG# PHDVXUHPHQWV# DUH# PDGH# DW# ;83# QP/# ZKHUHDV# SURILOH
PHDVXUHPHQWV#DUH#FRPPRQO\#PDGH#DW#873#QP#RU#966#QP1#)RU#WKHVH#ZDYHOHQJWKV/#WKH#UHODWLRQ0
VKLS#EHWZHHQ#1$ II# DQG#1$ WK #LV#JLYHQ#E\

1$ II# #N#1$ WK # +44,



ZKHUH
1$ II LV#WKH#1$#LQ#WKH#IDU#ILHOG>
N# # 3/<8# ZKHQ# WKH# SURILOH# PHDVXUHPHQW# LV# PDGH# DW# 873# QP/# DQG# N# # 3/<9# ZKHQ# WKH
PHDVXUHPHQW#LV#PDGH#DW#966#QP>


1$ WK LV#WKH#PD[LPXP#WKHRUHWLFDO#1$1

5HSRUW# 1$ II# DW# ;83# QP# DV# WKH# ILEUH# QXPHULFDO# DSHUWXUH1# 7KLV# YDOXH# PD\# EH# REWDLQHG# GLUHFWO\
IURP# D# IDU0ILHOG# PHDVXUHPHQW# DW# ;83# QP# RU# XVLQJ# HTXDWLRQ# +44,/# LQGLUHFWO\# IURP# D# SURILOH
PHDVXUHPHQW1


;15# )LYH#SHU#FHQW#LQWHQVLW\#DQJOH/# θ 8

1RUPDOL]H#WKH#VFDQQHG#SDWWHUQ#WR#WKH#SHDN#LQWHQVLW\1#0DNH#QRWH#RI#WKH#SRLQWV#RQ#WKH#SDWWHUQ#DW
ZKLFK#WKH#LQWHQVLW\#LV#8#(#RI#WKH#PD[LPXP1#5HFRUG#KDOI#WKH#DQJOH#EHWZHHQ#WKHVH#SRLQWV#DV# θ 8 #1

;16# 1XPHULFDO#DSHUWXUH/#1$II


&DOFXODWH#WKH#IDU0ILHOG#QXPHULFDO#DSHUWXUH#XVLQJ#WKH#IROORZLQJ#IRUPXOD=

1$ II# #VLQ# θ 8 +45,



ZKHUH

1$ II # LV#WKH#IDU0ILHOG#QXPHULFDO#DSHUWXUH>
θ8# LV#WKH#8#(#LQWHQVLW\#DQJOH1


 
93:<6040762)',6#‹#,(& ±#46#±


<# 5HVXOWV

<14# ,QIRUPDWLRQ#WR#EH#SURYLGHG#ZLWK#HDFK#PHDVXUHPHQW

5HSRUW#WKH#IROORZLQJ#LQIRUPDWLRQ#ZLWK#HDFK#PHDVXUHPHQW=


± GDWH#DQG#WLWOH#RI#PHDVXUHPHQW>
± LGHQWLILFDWLRQ#RI#VSHFLPHQ>
± RSWLFDO#VRXUFH#ZDYHOHQJWK/#LI#RWKHU#WKDQ#;83#QP>
± PHDVXUHPHQW#UHVXOWV#REWDLQHG#IURP#FODXVH#;1


<15# ,QIRUPDWLRQ#DYDLODEOH#XSRQ#UHTXHVW

7KH#IROORZLQJ#LQIRUPDWLRQ#VKDOO#EH#DYDLODEOH#XSRQ#UHTXHVW=

± FHQWUH#ZDYHOHQJWK#DQG#VSHFWUDO#ZLGWK#RI#LQWHUIHUHQFH#ILOWHUV/#LI#XVHG>
± GHWHFWLRQ#V\VWHP#WHFKQLTXH#XVHG#LQ#815>


± GHWHFWLRQ#V\VWHP#FDOLEUDWLRQ#DQG#DQJXODU#UHVROXWLRQ>
± VL]H#DQG#QXPHULFDO#DSHUWXUH#RI#ODXQFK#VSRW>
± WHFKQLTXH#XVHG#WR#VWULS#FODGGLQJ#PRGHV1

43# 6SHFLILFDWLRQ#LQIRUPDWLRQ

7KH#GHWDLO#VSHFLILFDWLRQ#VKDOO#VSHFLI\#WKH#IROORZLQJ#LQIRUPDWLRQ=

± W\SH#RI#ILEUH#WR#EH#PHDVXUHG>


± IDLOXUH#RU#DFFHSWDQFH#FULWHULD>
± LQIRUPDWLRQ#WR#EH#UHSRUWHG>
± DQ\#GHYLDWLRQV#IURP#WKH#SURFHGXUH#WKDW#DSSO\1


BBBBBBBBBBB





 










####,6%1#50;64;0;;;;0;



,&6##6614;3143



7\SHVHW#DQG#SULQWHG#E\#WKH#,(&#&HQWUDO#2IILFH
*(1(9$/#6:,7=(5/$1'