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综上,
I = πa(a2 − h2 ).
Solution 2 球坐标换元,即令
(x, y, z) = (r cos θ sin φ, r sin
θ sin φ, r cos φ),
h
则积分域 Σ = (r, θ, φ) r = a, 0 < θ < 2π, 0 < φ < arccos ,纵坐标 z =
a
a cos φ,面积微元 ds = a sin φdθ · adφ = a2 sin φdθdφ.
1
于是 ZZ
I= zds
ZΣZ
= a cos φ · a2 sin φdθdφ
Σ
3 ZZ
a
= sin 2φdθdφ
2
Σ
h
3 Z 2π Z arccos
a a
= dθ sin 2φdφ
2 0 0
h
Z arccos a
3
= πa sin 2φdφ (2)
0
h
arccos
πa3
Z
a
= sin 2φd2φ
2 0
h
2 arccos
πa3
Z
a
= sin ϕdϕ
2 0
2 arccos h
πa3 a
=− cos ϕ
2 0
3
πa h
= 1 − cos 2 arccos
2 a
h
= πa3 sin2 arccos .
a
由公式 sin arccos x = |1 − x2 | 有
p
3 2 h 3 h
πa sin arccos = πa 1 −
a a (3)
2
= πa (a − h).
即
I = πa2 (a − h).