1023 3

−6
13

9782340-022850_001_288.indd 1 10/01/2018 11:38

 t

ni Ni
V
M
T P

r 1/r7

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 U

Et

Er

Ev

Ei

El
Ee
En

9782340-022850_001_288.indd 3 10/01/2018 11:38

 mc2

0, 1
1

10−2 10−1
−3
10

hν ν h

1, 6.10−19 × 6.1023 
100

T P

U(T, P, . . . )

g
m h mgh
•

1 MeV = 106
1, 6.10−19

9782340-022850_001_288.indd 4 10/01/2018 11:39

 (S) (S1 ) (S2 )

(S)

(S1 )
(S2 )
(S)

N
n

(S1 )

(S1 )
(S1 )
(S2 )
(S1 ) (S2 )
(S)

q V qV
1
q1 q2 (q V
2 1 1
+ q2 V2 )
V1 q2 q1
V2 (S)

(S)

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 N ν
Nν/2 N
U
N −1 N(N − 1)/2
N U

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 Pi Pf
Vi Vf

Δ ΔV
ΔU

dV dU

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 t
t t = −t α(t) α (t )

r (t ) = r(t)

v

r r
v
O O

α (t ) = εα(t) ε = ±1

r a

f m f = ma

E q f = q E

V  = −−
E
−→
gradV
v

mv

d2 x
= −ω 2 x
dt2
ω2

d2 x d2 x
2
=  2 = −ω 2 x
d (−t) dt

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