Leçon sur le Prétérit (Past

Simple) pour la Classe de

5ème
Objectifs de la Leçon
Comprendre l'utilisation du prétérit en anglais pour parler d'événements passés.
Distinguer entre verbes réguliers et irréguliers au prétérit.
Appliquer les règles de formation du prétérit dans différents contextes.

I. Introduction au Prétérit
A. Définition
Le prétérit, ou Past Simple en anglais, est un temps verbal utilisé pour parler d'actions ou d’événements qui se sont
produits et terminés à un moment précis dans le passé.

B. Formation
Verbes réguliers : base verbale + -ed (ex : walk → walked)
Verbes irréguliers : forme spécifique (ex : go → went)

II. Règles de Formation

A. Verbes Réguliers
Ajout de -ed à la base verbale (ex : play → played).
Si le verbe se termine par -e, on ajoute seulement -d (ex : love → loved).
Pour une terminaison en consonne + y, on remplace le y par i et on ajoute -ed (ex : study → studied).

B. Verbes Irréguliers
Formes spéciales sans règle de formation fixe, à mémoriser (ex : eat → ate).

III. Usage du Prétérit

 A. Actions Complètes dans le Passé
Pour décrire une action entièrement réalisée dans le passé à un moment précis.

Exemple : "I visited London last year."

B. Séries d’Actions dans le Passé

Pour raconter des actions successives qui se sont produites dans le passé.

Exemple : "I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim."

C. Situations ou Habitudes Passées

Pour évoquer des habitudes ou des états passés.

Exemple : "When I was a child, I played a lot of football."

IV. Liste de Verbes Irréguliers Courants

Base Verbale Prétérit Participe Passé
arise arose arisen
awake awoke awoken
be was/were been
bear bore borne
beat beat beaten
become became become
begin began begun
bend bent bent
bet bet bet
bid bid bid
bite bit bitten
bleed bled bled
blow blew blown
break broke broken
breed bred bred
bring brought brought
build built built
burn burnt/burned burnt/burned
burst burst burst
buy bought bought
cast cast cast
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
cling clung clung
Base Verbale Prétérit Participe Passé
come came come
cost cost cost
creep crept crept
cut cut cut
deal dealt dealt
dig dug dug
dive dived/dove dived
do did done
draw drew drawn
dream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed
drive drove driven
drink drank drunk
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
flee fled fled
fly flew flown
forbid forbade forbidden
forget forgot forgotten
forgive forgave forgiven
freeze froze frozen
get got got/gotten
give gave given
go went gone
grow grew grown
hang hung hung
have had had
hear heard heard
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
know knew known
lay laid laid
lead led led
lean leant/leaned leant/leaned
leap leapt/leaped leapt/leaped
learn learnt/learned learnt/learned
leave left left
Base Verbale Prétérit Participe Passé
lend lent lent
let let let
lie lay lain
light lit/lighted lit/lighted
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
pay paid paid
put put put
read read read
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
run ran run
say said said
see saw seen
seek sought sought
sell sold sold
send sent sent
set set set
shake shook shaken
shed shed shed
shine shone shone
shoot shot shot
show showed shown
shrink shrank shrunk
shut shut shut
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
slide slid slid
speak spoke spoken
spend spent spent
spin spun spun
split split split
spread spread spread
stand stood stood
steal stole stolen
stick stuck stuck
sting stung stung
strike struck struck
Base Verbale Prétérit Participe Passé
swear swore sworn
sweep swept swept
swim swam swum
swing swung swung
take took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
tell told told
think thought thought
throw threw thrown
understand understood understood
wake woke woken
wear wore worn
win won won
write wrote written