ŚĂƉŝƚƌĞϭ͘

1. Raisonnement par récurrence

ZĂŝƐŽŶŶĞŵĞŶƚƉĂƌƌĠĐƵƌƌĞŶĐĞ

ϭ͘ ŽŵŵĞŶƚĞĨĨĞĐƚƵĞƌĞƚƌĠĚŝŐĞƌƵŶƌĂŝƐŽŶŶĞŵĞŶƚƉĂƌ
ƌĠĐƵƌƌĞŶĐĞƉŽƵƌĚĠŵŽŶƚƌĞƌĚĞƐĨŽƌŵƵůĞƐ
ĂůŐĠďƌŝƋƵĞƐ͍
ŽĂĐŚ͗ĞƚLJƉĞĚĞƌĂŝƐŽŶŶĞŵĞŶƚĂĠƚĠŝŶǀĞŶƚĠƉĂƌůĞŐĠŶŝĂůŝƐƐŝŵĞůĂŝƐĞWĂƐĐĂů
;ϭϲϮϯͲϭϲϲϮͿ͕ŵĂƚŚĠŵĂƚŝĐŝĞŶ͕ƉŚLJƐŝĐŝĞŶĞƚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞĨƌĂŶĕĂŝƐ͘

DĠƚŚŽĚĞ
KŶ ĚŽŶŶĞ ƵŶ ŶŽŵ͕ ƉĂƌ ĞdžĞŵƉůĞ W Ŷ ͕ ă ůĂ ƉƌŽƉƌŝĠƚĠ ;Đ͛ĞƐƚͲăͲĚŝƌĞ ůĂ ĨŽƌŵƵůĞͿ ƋƵ͛ŽŶ
ǀĞƵƚ ĚĠŵŽŶƚƌĞƌ͘ ŶƐƵŝƚĞ͕ ƉŽƵƌ ŵŽŶƚƌĞƌ ƋƵĞ ůĂ ƉƌŽƉƌŝĠƚĠ W Ŷ ĞƐƚ ǀƌĂŝĞ ƉŽƵƌ ƚŽƵƚ
Ŷ t Ŭ ͕ŽŶƉƌŽĐğĚĞĞŶƚƌŽŝƐĠƚĂƉĞƐ͗
ƚĂƉĞ ϭ͗ /ŶŝƚŝĂůŝƐĂƚŝŽŶ͘ KŶ ŵŽŶƚƌĞ ƋƵĞ ůĂ ƉƌŽƉƌŝĠƚĠ  W Ŭ ĞƐƚ ǀƌĂŝĞ͕ Đ͛ĞƐƚͲăͲĚŝƌĞ ƋƵĞ
W Ŭ ĞƐƚǀƌĂŝĞƉŽƵƌ Ŷ Ŭ ͘
ƚĂƉĞ Ϯ͗ ,ĠƌĠĚŝƚĠ͘ KŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƐĞ ƋƵĞ ůĂ ƉƌŽƉƌŝĠƚĠ W Ŷ ĞƐƚ ǀƌĂŝĞ Ğƚ ŽŶ ŵŽŶƚƌĞ ƋƵĞ ůĂ
ƉƌŽƉƌŝĠƚĠ W Ŷ  ϭ ů͛ĞƐƚĞŶĐŽƌĞ͘
ƚĂƉĞ ϯ͗ ŽŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͘ KŶ ƌĠĚŝŐĞ ĂůŽƌƐ͗ ͨĐŽŵŵĞ W Ŭ ĞƐƚ ǀƌĂŝĞ Ğƚ ƋƵ͛ŝů LJ Ă ŚĠƌĠĚŝƚĠ͕
W Ŷ ĞƐƚǀƌĂŝĞƉŽƵƌƚŽƵƚ Ŷ t Ŭ ͩ͘

„ džĞŵƉůĞ;ĨŽƌĐĞϭͿ

Ŷ Ŷϭ
dž͘ϭ͘ ĠŵŽŶƚƌĞƌƉĂƌƌĠĐƵƌƌĞŶĐĞůĂƉƌŽƉƌŝĠƚĠ͗ƉŽƵƌ Ŷ t ϭ ͕ ϭ  Ϯ  ϯ  ͘͘͘  Ŷ ͘
Ϯ
ŽĂĐŚ͗ E͛ŽƵďůŝĞ ƉĂƐ ĚĞ ĚŽŶŶĞƌ Ě͛ĂďŽƌĚ ƵŶ ŶŽŵ ;ƉĂƌ ĞdžĞŵƉůĞ W Ŷ Ϳ ă ůĂ
ƉƌŽƉƌŝĠƚĠƋƵĞƚƵǀĞƵdžĚĠŵŽŶƚƌĞƌ͘
Ŷ Ŷϭ
^Žŝƚ W Ŷ ůĂƉƌŽƉƌŝĠƚĠ ϭ  Ϯ  ϯ  ͘͘͘  Ŷ ͘
Ϯ
ϭu ϭ  ϭ
ƚĂƉĞϭ͗/ŶŝƚŝĂůŝƐĂƚŝŽŶ͘ W ϭ ĞƐƚǀƌĂŝĞĐĂƌƉŽƵƌ Ŷ ϭ ͕ŽŶĂ͗ ϭ ͘
Ϯ

7
ϳ
 Ŷ Ŷϭ
ƚĂƉĞϮ͗,ĠƌĠĚŝƚĠ͘^ƵƉƉŽƐŽŶƐ W Ŷ ǀƌĂŝĞ;Đ͛ĞƐƚͲăͲĚŝƌĞƋƵĞ ϭ  Ϯ  ϯ  ͘͘͘  Ŷ Ϳ
Ϯ
ĞƚŵŽŶƚƌŽŶƐƋƵĞ W Ŷ  ϭ ů͛ĞƐƚĞŶĐŽƌĞ;Đ͛ĞƐƚͲăͲĚŝƌĞƋƵ͛ŽŶĂ͗
Ŷϭ ŶϮ
ϭ  Ϯ  ϯ  ͘͘͘  Ŷ  Q   Ϳ͘
Ϯ
Ŷ Ŷϭ
KŶ Ă͗ ϭ  Ϯ  ϯ  ͘͘͘  Ŷ  Q   ϭ Ϯ  ϯ  ͘͘͘  Ŷ  Q   ;ĐĂƌ ϭ  Ϯ  ϯ  ͘͘͘  Ŷ Ϳ͕
Ϯ
Ŷ Ŷϭ
Ϯ
Ŷ Ŷϭ
ĞƚĚŽŶĐ͗ ϭ  Ϯ  ϯ  ͘͘͘  Ŷ  Q    Q  ƐŽŝƚ͗

Ϯ
Ŷ Ŷϭ  Q  Ŷ Ŷϭ Ϯ Ŷϭ ŶϮ Ŷϭ
ϭ  Ϯ  ϯ  ͘͘͘  Ŷ  Q    
Ϯ Ϯ Ϯ Ϯ
;ĐĞƋƵ͛ŽŶǀŽƵůĂŝƚͿ͘KŶĂĚŽŶĐďŝĞŶŚĠƌĠĚŝƚĠ͘
ƚĂƉĞϯ͗ŽŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͘ŽŵŵĞ W ϭ ĞƐƚǀƌĂŝĞĞƚƋƵ͛ŽŶĂŚĠƌĠĚŝƚĠ͕ W Ŷ ǀƌĂŝĞƉŽƵƌƚŽƵƚ
Ŷ Ŷϭ
Ŷ t ϭ ĞƚĚŽŶĐ͗ͨWŽƵƌ Ŷ t ϭ ͕ ϭ  Ϯ  ϯ  ͘͘͘  Ŷ ͩ͘
Ϯ
ŽĂĐŚ͗ϭͿŝůĞƐƚŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚĚ͛ĠĐƌŝƌĞĐĞƋƵ͛ŽŶǀĞƵƚƉƌŽƵǀĞƌ͕Đ͛ĞƐƚͲăͲĚŝƌĞĚ͛ĠĐƌŝƌĞ
ĞŶƚŽƵƚĞƐůĞƚƚƌĞƐůĂƉƌŽƉƌŝĠƚĠ W Ŷ  ϭ ăĚĠŵŽŶƚƌĞƌ͘
ϮͿ ^ŝ ŽŶ ǀĞƵƚ ƉƌŽƵǀĞƌ ƋƵĞ ůĂ ƉƌŽƉƌŝĠƚĠ ĞƐƚ ǀƌĂŝĞ ƉŽƵƌ Ŷ t Ϭ ͕ ŽŶ ĐŽŵŵĞŶĐĞ
ů͛ŝŶŝƚŝĂůŝƐĂƚŝŽŶă W Ϭ ͘WŽƵƌ Ŷ t Ϯ ͕ŽŶĐŽŵŵĞŶĐĞă Ŷ t Ϯ ͕ĞƚĐ͘
ϯͿŝĞŶƐƸƌ͕ĚĂŶƐƵŶƌĂŝƐŽŶŶĞŵĞŶƚƉĂƌƌĠĐƵƌƌĞŶĐĞ͕ŽŶŶĞǀĂƉĂƐƚĞĚĞŵĂŶĚĞƌĚĞ
ĚĠŵŽŶƚƌĞƌƋƵ͛ƵŶĞƉƌŽƉƌŝĠƚĠĞƐƚĨĂƵƐƐĞ;ƐƵƌƚŽƵƚĞŶdĞƌŵŝŶĂůĞͿ͘

yZ/Ͳd^d
ŽĂĐŚ͗ ůůĞnj͕ ƵŶ ƉĞƚŝƚ ĞdžŽ ƉŽƵƌ ƚ͛ĞŶƚƌĂŠŶĞƌ ĂĨŝŶ ƋƵĞ ůĞ ƌĂŝƐŽŶŶĞŵĞŶƚ ƉĂƌ
ƌĠĐƵƌƌĞŶĐĞĚĞǀŝĞŶŶĞƉŽƵƌƚŽŝĐŽŵŵĞƵŶĂƵƚŽŵĂƚŝƐŵĞ͊

„ džĞƌĐŝĐĞͲdĞƐƚ;ĨŽƌĐĞϭͿ

dϭ͘ DŽŶƚƌĞƌƉĂƌƌĠĐƵƌƌĞŶĐĞƋƵĞƉŽƵƌ Ŷ t ϭ ͕ ϭ  ϯ  ϱ  ͘͘͘  ϮŶ  ϭ ŶϮ ͘




ϴ
Ϯ͘ ŽŵŵĞŶƚĞĨĨĞĐƚƵĞƌĞƚƌĠĚŝŐĞƌƵŶƌĂŝƐŽŶŶĞŵĞŶƚƉĂƌ
ƌĠĐƵƌƌĞŶĐĞƉŽƵƌĚĠŵŽŶƚƌĞƌĚĞƐƉƌŽƉƌŝĠƚĠƐƐƵƌĚĞƐ

1. Raisonnement par récurrence

ƐƵŝƚĞƐ͍
ŽĂĐŚ͗>ĞƌĂŝƐŽŶŶĞŵĞŶƚƉĂƌƌĠĐƵƌƌĞŶĐĞĂĚĞƚƌğƐďĞůůĞƐĂƉƉůŝĐĂƚŝŽŶƐ͕ĐŽŵŵĞĚĞ
ĚĠŵŽŶƚƌĞƌĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĞƐƉƌŽƉƌŝĠƚĠƐĚĞƐƐƵŝƚĞƐ;ůĞƵƌĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶ͕ůĞƵƌƐǀĂƌŝĂƚŝŽŶƐ͕
ĞƚĐ͘Ϳ

DĠƚŚŽĚĞ
KŶ ĚŽŶŶĞ ƵŶ ŶŽŵ͕ ƉĂƌ ĞdžĞŵƉůĞ W Ŷ ͕ ă ůĂ ƉƌŽƉƌŝĠƚĠ ;ƐƵƌ ůĞƐ ƐƵŝƚĞƐͿ ƋƵ͛ŽŶ ǀĞƵƚ
ĚĠŵŽŶƚƌĞƌ͘ŶƐƵŝƚĞ͕ƉŽƵƌŵŽŶƚƌĞƌƋƵĞůĂƉƌŽƉƌŝĠƚĠ W Ŷ ĞƐƚǀƌĂŝĞƉŽƵƌƚŽƵƚ Ŷ t Ŭ ͕ŽŶ
ƉƌŽĐğĚĞĞŶƚƌŽŝƐĠƚĂƉĞƐ͗
ƚĂƉĞ ϭ͗ /ŶŝƚŝĂůŝƐĂƚŝŽŶ͘ KŶ ŵŽŶƚƌĞ ƋƵĞ ůĂ ƉƌŽƉƌŝĠƚĠ  W Ŭ ĞƐƚ ǀƌĂŝĞ͕ Đ͛ĞƐƚͲăͲĚŝƌĞ ƋƵĞ
W Ŭ ĞƐƚǀƌĂŝĞƉŽƵƌ Ŷ Ŭ ͘
ƚĂƉĞ Ϯ͗ ,ĠƌĠĚŝƚĠ͘ KŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƐĞ ƋƵĞ ůĂ ƉƌŽƉƌŝĠƚĠ W Ŷ ĞƐƚ ǀƌĂŝĞ Ğƚ ŽŶ ŵŽŶƚƌĞ ƋƵĞ ůĂ
ƉƌŽƉƌŝĠƚĠ W Ŷ  ϭ ů͛ĞƐƚĞŶĐŽƌĞ͘
ƚĂƉĞ ϯ͗ ŽŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͘ KŶ ƌĠĚŝŐĞ ĂůŽƌƐ͗ ͨĐŽŵŵĞ W Ŭ ĞƐƚ ǀƌĂŝĞ Ğƚ ƋƵ͛ŝů LJ Ă ŚĠƌĠĚŝƚĠ͕
W Ŷ ĞƐƚǀƌĂŝĞƉŽƵƌƚŽƵƚ Ŷ t Ŭ ͩ͘

„ džĞŵƉůĞ;ĨŽƌĐĞϭͿ

dž͘ϭ͘ ^Žŝƚ hŶ ůĂ ƐƵŝƚĞ ĚĠĨŝŶŝĞ ƉĂƌ hŶϭ hŶ  ϲϭ Ğƚ hϬ Ϯϲϳ ͘ ĠŵŽŶƚƌĞƌ ƉĂƌ
ƌĠĐƵƌƌĞŶĐĞƋƵĞƉŽƵƌƚŽƵƚ Ŷ t Ϭ ͕ hŶ Ϯϲϳ  ϲϭŶ ͘

ŽĂĐŚ͗&ĂŝƐĐŽŵŵĞĚ͛ŚĂďŝƚƵĚĞ͕ĚŽŶŶĞƌƵŶŶŽŵăůĂƉƌŽƉƌŝĠƚĠăĚĠŵŽŶƚƌĞƌ͘
^Žŝƚ W Ŷ ůĂƉƌŽƉƌŝĠƚĠ hŶ Ϯϲϳ  ϲϭŶ ͘
ƚĂƉĞ ϭ͗ /ŶŝƚŝĂůŝƐĂƚŝŽŶ͘ W Ϭ ĞƐƚ ǀƌĂŝĞ ĐĂƌ ƉŽƵƌ Ŷ Ϭ ͕ ŽŶ Ă͗ hϬ Ϯϲϳ  ϲϭ u Ϭ ;ĐĂƌ
Ϯϲϳ  ϲϭ u Ϭ Ϯϲϳ  Ϭ Ϯϲϳ Ϳ͘
ƚĂƉĞ Ϯ͗ ,ĠƌĠĚŝƚĠ͘ ^ƵƉƉŽƐŽŶƐ W Ŷ ǀƌĂŝĞ͕ Đ͛ĞƐƚͲăͲĚŝƌĞ ƋƵĞ hŶ Ϯϲϳ  ϲϭŶ Ğƚ
ŵŽŶƚƌŽŶƐƋƵĞ W Ŷ  ϭ ů͛ĞƐƚĞŶĐŽƌĞ͕Đ͛ĞƐƚͲăͲĚŝƌĞƋƵ͛ŽŶĂ͗ hŶϭ Ϯϲϳ  ϲϭ Ŷ  ϭ ͘
KŶĂ͗ hŶϭ NŶ  ϲϭ
h Ϯϲϳ  ϲϭŶ  ϲϭ Ϯϲϳ  ϲϭ Ŷ  ϭ ;ĐĞƋƵ͛ŽŶǀŽƵůĂŝƚͿ͘
Ϯϲϳ ϲϭŶ
KŶĂĚŽŶĐďŝĞŶŚĠƌĠĚŝƚĠ͘
ƚĂƉĞϯ͗ŽŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͘ŽŵŵĞ W Ϭ ĞƐƚǀƌĂŝĞĞƚƋƵ͛ŽŶĂŚĠƌĠĚŝƚĠ͕ W Ŷ ǀƌĂŝĞƉŽƵƌƚŽƵƚ
Ŷ t Ϭ ĞƚĚŽŶĐ͗ͨƉŽƵƌƚŽƵƚ Ŷ t Ϭ ͕ hŶ Ϯϲϳ  ϲϭŶ ͩ͘
Ŷϭ
dž͘Ϯ͘ ^Žŝƚ hŶ ůĂƐƵŝƚĞĚĠĨŝŶŝĞƉĂƌ hŶϭ hŶ Ğƚ hϭ ϭ ͘
Ŷ

ϵ
ĂͿĠŵŽŶƚƌĞƌƉĂƌƌĠĐƵƌƌĞŶĐĞƋƵĞ hŶ ! Ϭ ƉŽƵƌƚŽƵƚ Ŷ t ϭ ͘
ďͿŶĚĠĚƵŝƌĞƋƵĞůĂƐƵŝƚĞ hŶ ĞƐƚƐƚƌŝĐƚĞŵĞŶƚĐƌŽŝƐƐĂŶƚĞ͘

ĂͿ^Žŝƚ W Ŷ ůĂƉƌŽƉƌŝĠƚĠ hŶ ! Ϭ ͘
ƚĂƉĞϭ͗/ŶŝƚŝĂůŝƐĂƚŝŽŶ͘ W ϭ ĞƐƚǀƌĂŝĞĐĂƌ hϭ ! Ϭ  hϭ ϭ ͘
ƚĂƉĞ Ϯ͗ ,ĠƌĠĚŝƚĠ͘ ^ƵƉƉŽƐŽŶƐ W Ŷ ǀƌĂŝĞ͕ Đ͛ĞƐƚͲăͲĚŝƌĞ ƋƵĞ hŶ ! Ϭ Ğƚ ŵŽŶƚƌŽŶƐ ƋƵĞ
W Ŷ  ϭ ů͛ĞƐƚĞŶĐŽƌĞ͕Đ͛ĞƐƚͲăͲĚŝƌĞƋƵ͛ŽŶĂ͗ hŶϭ ! Ϭ ͘

Ŷϭ ­° Ŷ  ϭ
KŶĂ͗ hŶϭ hŶ ͕ĞƚĚŽŶĐ͗ hŶϭ ! Ϭ ĐĂƌ͗ ® Ŷ ! Ϭ ͘KŶĂĚŽŶĐďŝĞŶŚĠƌĠĚŝƚĠ͘
Ŷ °̄h ! Ϭ
Ŷ
ƚĂƉĞϯ͗ŽŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͘ŽŵŵĞ W ϭ ĞƐƚǀƌĂŝĞĞƚƋƵ͛ŽŶĂŚĠƌĠĚŝƚĠ͕ W Ŷ ǀƌĂŝĞƉŽƵƌƚŽƵƚ
Ŷ t ϭ ͕ĞƚĚŽŶĐ hŶ ! Ϭ ƉŽƵƌƚŽƵƚ Ŷ t ϭ ͘
ďͿ
­ h ĐƌŽŝƐƐĂŶƚĞ œ hŶϭ  hŶ ! Ϭ
ŽĂĐŚ͗ZĂƉƉĞůůĞͲƚŽŝƋƵĞ ® Ŷ ͘
¯ hŶ ĚĠĐƌŽŝƐƐĂŶƚĞ œ hŶϭ  hŶ  Ϭ

Ŷϭ § Ŷϭ · § Ŷϭ Ŷ · ϭ
KŶĂ͗ hŶϭ  hŶ hŶ  hŶ ¨  ϭ ¸ hŶ ¨  ¸ hŶ hŶ ͕
Ŷ © Ŷ ¹ © Ŷ Ŷ ¹ Ŷ
ϭ
ĚŽŶĐ͗ hŶϭ  hŶ ! Ϭ ƉƵŝƐƋƵĞ hŶ ! Ϭ Ğƚ ! Ϭ ͕ĚŽŶĐ hŶ ĞƐƚƐƚƌŝĐƚĞŵĞŶƚĐƌŽŝƐƐĂŶƚĞ͘
Ŷ

yZ/^Ͳd^d^
ŽĂĐŚ͗Ƶ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ͕ĚĞƐ ƌĂŝƐŽŶŶĞŵĞŶƚƐ ƉĂƌ ƌĠĐƵƌƌĞŶĐĞƋƵŝ ƚĞƉĞƌŵĞƚƚƌŽŶƚ
ĚĞĚĠŵŽŶƚƌĞƌƵŶĞĨŽƌŵƵůĞĂůŐĠďƌŝƋƵĞĞƚůĞƐǀĂƌŝĂƚŝŽŶƐĚ͛ƵŶĞƐƵŝƚĞ͘


„ džĞƌĐŝĐĞͲdĞƐƚ;ĨŽƌĐĞϭͿ

dϭ͘ ^Žŝƚ sŶ ůĂ ƐƵŝƚĞ ĚĠĨŝŶŝĞ ƉĂƌ sŶϭ sŶ u ϭ͕ϰϱ Ğƚ sϬ ϯϭϲ ͘ ĠŵŽŶƚƌĞƌ ƉĂƌ
ƌĠĐƵƌƌĞŶĐĞƋƵĞƉŽƵƌƚŽƵƚ Ŷ t Ϭ ͕ sŶ ϯϭϲ u ϭ͕ϰϱŶ ͘
Ŷ
dϮ͘ ^Žŝƚ hŶ ůĂƐƵŝƚĞĚĠĨŝŶŝĞƉĂƌ hŶϭ hŶ Ğƚ hϬ ϯ ͘
Ŷϭ
ĂͿĠŵŽŶƚƌĞƌƉĂƌƌĠĐƵƌƌĞŶĐĞƋƵĞ hŶ ! Ϭ ƉŽƵƌƚŽƵƚ Ŷ t Ϭ ͘
ďͿŶĚĠĚƵŝƌĞƋƵĞůĂƐƵŝƚĞ hŶ ĞƐƚƐƚƌŝĐƚĞŵĞŶƚĚĠĐƌŽŝƐƐĂŶƚĞ͘

10

ϭϬ
 ŚĂƉŝƚƌĞϮ͘
>ŝŵŝƚĞƐĚĞƐƵŝƚĞƐ

2. Limites de suites
ϭ͘ ŽŵŵĞŶƚĚĠƚĞƌŵŝŶĞƌůĂůŝŵŝƚĞĚ͛ƵŶĞƐƵŝƚĞĚĞ
ƌĠĨĠƌĞŶĐĞ͍
ŽĂĐŚ͗ŶƚĞƌŵĞƐĚĞŶŽƚĂƚŝŽŶ͕ĐŽŵŵĞůĂůŝŵŝƚĞĚ͛ƵŶĞƐƵŝƚĞƐ͛ĠƚƵĚŝĞƌĂƚŽƵũŽƵƌƐ
ůŽƌƐƋƵĞ Ŷ o f ƚƵƉĞƵdžĠĐƌŝƌĞŝŶĚŝĨĨĠƌĞŵŵĞŶƚ ůŝŵ ƵŶ ŽƵ ůŝŵƵŶ ͘
Ŷof

DĠƚŚŽĚĞ
KŶƌĞƚŝĞŶƚďŝĞŶůĞƚĂďůĞĂƵƐƵŝǀĂŶƚ͗

„ džĞŵƉůĞƐ;ĨŽƌĐĞϭͿ

dž͘ϭ͘ KŶĂ ůŝŵ Ŷ f ͕ ůŝŵ ŶϮ f ͕ ůŝŵ Ŷϯ f Ğƚ ůŝŵ Ŷϰ f ͘

Ŷof Ŷof Ŷof Ŷof
dž͘Ϯ͘ KŶĂ ůŝŵ ϮŶ  ϯ f Ğƚ ůŝŵ  ϮŶ  ϭϵ f ͘
Ŷof Ŷof

11
ϭϭ
 ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ
dž͘ϯ͘ KŶĂ ůŝŵ Ϭ ͕ ůŝŵ Ϯ Ϭ ͕ ůŝŵ Ϭ ͕ ůŝŵ Ϭ Ğƚ ůŝŵ Ϭ ͘
Ŷof Ŷ Ŷof Ŷ Ŷof Ŷϯ Ŷof Ŷϰ Ŷof Ŷϱ
dž͘ϰ͘ KŶĂ ůŝŵ Ŷ f ͘
Ŷof
Ŷ Ŷ
dž͘ϱ͘ KŶĂ ůŝŵ ϮŶ f ͕ ůŝŵ Ϭ͕ϱ Ϭ ͕ ůŝŵ Ϭ͕ϱ Ϭ ͘
Ŷof Ŷof Ŷof
ŽĂĐŚ͗dŽƵƐĐĞƐƌĠƐƵůƚĂƚƐŽŶƚĠƚĠƚƌŽƵǀĠƐŐƌąĐĞĂƵƚĂďůĞĂƵ͘ŽŵŵĞĐĞƐŽŶƚĚĞƐ
ƐƵŝƚĞƐĚĞƌĠĨĠƌĞŶĐĞ͕ƚƵŶ͛ĂƐƌŝĞŶăũƵƐƚŝĨŝĞƌ͊

yZ/Ͳd^d
ŽĂĐŚ͗ ůůĞnj͕ ƵŶ ƉĞƵ Ě͛ĞŶƚƌĂŠŶĞŵĞŶƚ ƉŽƵƌ ƚ͛ĂŝĚĞƌ ă ďŝĞŶ ƌĞƚĞŶŝƌ Ğƚ ă ďŝĞŶ
ƵƚŝůŝƐĞƌůĞƚĂďůĞĂƵƉƌĠĐĠĚĞŶƚ͘

„ džĞƌĐŝĐĞͲdĞƐƚ;ĨŽƌĐĞϭͿ

dϭ͘ĠƚĞƌŵŝŶĞƌĂͿ ůŝŵ ŶϮ  ďͿ ůŝŵ Ŷϰ  ĐͿ ůŝŵ Ŷϳ  ĚͿ ůŝŵ Ŷϴ ĞͿ ůŝŵ ϱŶ  ϲ 

Ŷof Ŷof Ŷof Ŷof Ŷof
ϭ ϯ ϭ ϭ
ĨͿ ůŝŵ  ϭϱŶ  ϭ  ŐͿ ůŝŵ Ŷ  ϭ ŚͿ ůŝŵ  Ŷ  ϱ   ŝͿ ůŝŵ  ũͿ ůŝŵ  
Ŷof Ŷof Ϯ Ŷof ϰ Ŷof Ŷϲ Ŷof Ŷϳ
Ŷ
ϭ Ŷ Ŷ §ϱ·
ŬͿ ůŝŵ  ůͿ ůŝŵ ϯŶ  ŵͿ ůŝŵ Ϭ͕ϵ  ŶͿ ůŝŵ Ϭ͕ϴ ŽͿ ůŝŵ ¨ ¸ 
Ŷof Ŷ Ŷof Ŷof Ŷof Ŷof © ϲ ¹
Ŷ Ŷ Ŷ Ŷ Ŷ
§ Ϯ · §ϰ· § ϭϱϬ · § ϭϰϵ · § ϭϰϵ ·
ƉͿ ůŝŵ ¨ ¸  ƋͿ ůŝŵ ¨ ¸  ƌͿ ůŝŵ ¨ ¸  ƐͿ ůŝŵ ¨ ϭϱϬ ¸ ƚͿ ůŝŵ ¨  ϭϱϬ ¸ ͘
Ŷof © ϯ ¹ Ŷof © ϯ ¹ Ŷof © ϭϰϵ ¹ Ŷof © ¹ Ŷof © ¹

Ϯ͘ ŽŵŵĞŶƚĚĠƚĞƌŵŝŶĞƌůĂůŝŵŝƚĞĚ͛ƵŶĞƐƵŝƚĞ͍

DĠƚŚŽĚĞ
ϭ ϭ ϭ ϭ
KŶƵƚŝůŝƐĞůĞƐƌğŐůĞƐƐƵŝǀĂŶƚĞƐ͗ Ϭ ͕ Ϭ ͕ f ͕ f ͘
f f Ϭ Ϭ

ϭ
ŽĂĐŚ͗ƚƚĞŶƚŝŽŶ͕ƚƵŶ͛ĂƐƉĂƐůĞĚƌŽŝƚĚ͛ĠĐƌŝƌĞ Ϭ ĚĂŶƐƵŶĞĐŽƉŝĞ͕ƚƵĚŽŝƐ
f
ƌĠĚŝŐĞƌ ĞŶ ƵƚŝůŝƐĂŶƚ ĚĞƐ ĂĐĐŽůĂĚĞƐ͘ DĂŝƐ ƌĂƐƐƵƌĞͲƚŽŝ͕ ůĞ ƉƌŝŶĐŝƉĞ ĞƐƚ
ƌŝŐŽƵƌĞƵƐĞŵĞŶƚŝĚĞŶƚŝƋƵĞ͊

„ džĞŵƉůĞƐ;ĨŽƌĐĞϭͿ

ϭ ­° ůŝŵ ϭ ϭ
dž͘ϭ͘ KŶĂ͗ ůŝŵ Ϭ ĐĂƌ͗ ®Ŷof
ůŝŵ ϮŶ  ϴ f ͘
Ŷof ϮŶ  ϴ °̄Ŷof

12

ϭϮ
 ϭ ­° ůŝŵ ϭ ϭ
dž͘Ϯ͘ KŶĂ͗ ůŝŵ Ϭ ĐĂƌ͗ ®džof
ůŝŵ ϯŶ  ϭϱ f ͘
Ŷof ϯŶ  ϭϱ °̄ Ŷof

„ džĞŵƉůĞƐ;ĨŽƌĐĞϮͿ

2. Limites de suites
ŽĂĐŚ͗ŝĞŶƐƸƌ͗
ϭ Ϯ ϯ ϭ
ĂͿ ůĂ ƌğŐůĞ Ϭ ƐĞ ŐĠŶĠƌĂůŝƐĞ ă Ϭ ͕ Ϭ ͕ ͙͕ Ϭ ͕
f f f f
Ϯ ϯ
Ϭ ͕ Ϭ ͕͙
f f
ϭ Ϯ ϯ ϭ
ďͿ ůĂƌğŐůĞ Ϭ ƐĞŐĠŶĠƌĂůŝƐĞă Ϭ ͕ Ϭ ͕͙͕ Ϭ ͕ĞƚĐ͘
f f f f
ϭ Ϯ ϯ ϭ
ĐͿ ůĂƌğŐůĞ f ƐĞŐĠŶĠƌĂůŝƐĞă  f ͕  f ͕͙͕  f ͕ĞƚĐ͘
Ϭ  Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ
ϭ Ϯ ϯ ϭ
ĚͿ ůĂƌğŐůĞ f ƐĞŐĠŶĠƌĂůŝƐĞă  f ͕  f ͕͙͕  f ͕ĞƚĐ͘
Ϭ  Ϭ Ϭ Ϭ

ϯϭ ­° ůŝŵ  ϯϭ ϯϭ

dž͘ϯ͘ KŶĂ͗ ůŝŵ Ϭ ĐĂƌ͗ ®Ŷof
ůŝŵ ϮŶ  ϯ f ͘
Ŷof ϮŶ  ϯ °̄ Ŷof

Ϯϳ ­° ůŝŵ Ϯϳ Ϯϳ
dž͘ϰ͘ KŶĂ͗ ůŝŵ Ϭ ĐĂƌ͗ ®Ŷof
ůŝŵ  ϯŶ  ϱ f ͘
Ŷof ϯŶ  ϱ °̄ Ŷof

ϭϯ ­° ůŝŵ ϭϯ ϭϯ
dž͘ϱ͘ KŶĂ͗ ůŝŵ Ϭ ĐĂƌ͗  ®Ŷof
ůŝŵ ϳŶϮ  ϯ f
͘
Ŷof ϳŶϮ  ϯ °̄Ŷof

yZ/^Ͳd^d^

„ džĞƌĐŝĐĞͲdĞƐƚ;ĨŽƌĐĞϭͿ
ϭ ϭ ϱ ϭϬ
dϭ͘ ĠƚĞƌŵŝŶĞƌĂͿ ůŝŵ  ďͿ ůŝŵ ĐͿ ůŝŵ ĚͿ ůŝŵ ͘
Ŷof Ŷ  ϭ Ŷof ŶϮ ϰ Ŷof ϮŶ  ϭ Ŷof ϮŶ  ϮϬ

„ džĞƌĐŝĐĞƐͲdĞƐƚƐ;ĨŽƌĐĞϮͿ
ϭ ϮϮ ϭ
dϮ͘ ĠƚĞƌŵŝŶĞƌĂͿ ůŝŵ  ďͿ ůŝŵ  ĐͿ ůŝŵ ͘
Ŷof ϭϬŶ  ϳ Ŷof Ϭ͕ϱŶ  ϰ Ŷof ϭϬŶϮ ϯ

13

ϭϯ
ϯ͘ ŽŵŵĞŶƚĚĠƚĞƌŵŝŶĞƌůĂůŝŵŝƚĞĚ͛ƵŶĞƐŽŵŵĞĚĞĚĞƵdž
ƐƵŝƚĞƐ͍
ŽĂĐŚ͗ ĂŶƐ ůĂ ƉůƵƉĂƌƚ ĚĞƐ ĐĂƐ͕ ůĂ ůŝŵŝƚĞ Ě͛ƵŶĞ ƐŽŵŵĞ ǀĂƵƚ ůĂ ƐŽŵŵĞ ĚĞƐ
ůŝŵŝƚĞƐ ;ƐĂƵĨ ůĞ ĐĂƐ Žƶ ůŽƌƐƋƵ͛ŽŶ ĂĚĚŝƚŝŽŶŶĞ ĚĞƵdž ŝŶĨŝŶŝƐ ĐŽŶƚƌĂŝƌĞƐ͕ ŽŶ
ŽďƚŝĞŶƚƵŶĞĨŽƌŵĞŝŶĚĠƚĞƌŵŝŶĠĞͿ͛͘ĞƐƚĐĞƋƵ͛ŝůůƵƐƚƌĞůĞƚĂďůĞĂƵĐŝͲĚĞƐƐŽƵƐ͘

DĠƚŚŽĚĞ
KŶƵƚŝůŝƐĞůĞƚĂďůĞĂƵĐŝͲĚĞƐƐŽƵƐĚŽŶŶĂŶƚůĂůŝŵŝƚĞĚĞ ƵŶ  ǀŶ ͗



ŽĂĐŚ͗ƚƚĞŶƚŝŽŶ f  f Ğƚ f  f ƐŽŶƚĚĞƐĨ͘ŝ;ĨŽƌŵĞƐŝŶĚĠƚĞƌŵŝŶĠĞƐͿ͘

„ džĞŵƉůĞƐ;ĨŽƌĐĞϭͿ

­ ůŝŵ Ŷϯ f
°
dž͘ϭ͘ KŶĂ͗ ůŝŵ Ŷϯ  ŶϮ f ĐĂƌ͗ ®Ŷof Ϯ ͘
Ŷof ůŝŵ Ŷ
°̄Ŷof f

ŽĂĐŚ͗ >Ă ũƵƐƚŝĨŝĐĂƚŝŽŶ ă ů͛ĂŝĚĞ ĚĞƐ ĂĐĐŽůĂĚĞƐ ĞƐƚ ƚŽƵũŽƵƌƐ ĂƉƉƌĠĐŝĠĞ ĚĂŶƐ ƵŶĞ
ĐŽƉŝĞ͗ĞůůĞŵŽŶƚƌĞăƚŽŶĐŽƌƌĞĐƚĞƵƌƋƵĞƚƵĂƐďŝĞŶĐŽŵƉƌŝƐůĞƉƌŝŶĐŝƉĞ͘
­ ϭ
ϭ ° ůŝŵ Ϭ
dž͘Ϯ͘ KŶĂ͗ ůŝŵ  Ŷ f ĐĂƌ͗ ®Ŷof Ŷ ͘
Ŷof Ŷ ůŝŵ Ŷ f
°Ŷof
¯
­ ϭ
ϭ Ϯ ° ůŝŵ Ϭ
dž͘ϯ͘ KŶĂ͗ ůŝŵ  Ŷ f ĐĂƌ͗ ®Ŷof Ŷ ͘
Ŷof Ŷ Ϯ
° ůŝŵ  Ŷ f
¯Ŷof
ϭ ϭ
dž͘ϰ͘ KŶĂ͗ ůŝŵ ϯ  Ϯ ϯ ĐĂƌ͗ ůŝŵ Ϯ Ϭ ͘
Ŷof Ŷ Ŷof Ŷ
dž͘ϱ͘ KŶĂ͗ ůŝŵ ŶϮ  ϯ f ĐĂƌ͗ ůŝŵ ŶϮ f ͘
Ŷof Ŷof
dž͘ϲ͘ KŶĂ͗ ůŝŵ  ŶϮ  ϱ f ĐĂƌ͗ ůŝŵ  ŶϮ f ͘
Ŷof Ŷof

14

ϭϰ