Anglais LEXIQUE

BTS Services informatiques aux organisations – 1re année
Lesley Stewart
ANGLAIS
LEXIQUE, TRANSCRIPTIONS ET INFORMATIONS
www.cned.fr
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Presenting companies, department and jobs
Sommaire
Conseils pour apprendre du vocabulaire 04

Unit 1 : Presenting companies, departments and jobs 05
Lexique 05
Transcriptions 09
Unit 2 : IT evolution: problems and solutions 13

Lexique 13
Transcriptions 17
Unit 3 : Intra & inter...net 21

Lexique 21
Transcriptions 26
Unit 4 : Security, security, security 29
Lexique 29
Transcriptions 34
Unit 5 : Storage and outsourcing 39

Lexique 39
Transcriptions 44
Unit 6 : Software and sales 49

Lexique 49
Transcriptions 53
Info files
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Conseils pour apprendre du vocabulaire
Essayez de toujours comprendre le vocabulaire dans son contexte. Faites si possible votre
propre répertoire de vocabulaire, et groupez les mots par thème. Inventez des phrases
types pour retrouver ces mots / expressions dans des contextes logiques et personnalisés.
Indiquez s’il s’agit d’un verbe, d’un nom, d’un adjectif, etc. Pour les noms, les adjectifs et
les adverbes, cherchez et notez les formes irrégulières et les antonymes (s’ils existent !).
Exemple pour le thème transport
bus bus (n)

coach car (n)
car voiture (n)
to drive (v) a car conduire une voiture
old (adj) ancien
new (adj) neuf
driver (n) conducteur
petrol (n) essence
pass (n) abonnement / billet (hebdomadaire / mensuel / annuel etc.)
A very old / new (adj) car. une voiture très ancienne / neuve.
Petrol is very expensive today. l’essence est très chère aujourd’hui.
Yearly underground pass. un abonnement annuel de métro.
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Unit 1
Presenting companies,
departments and jobs
Lexique
A
abroad à l’étranger
agree (with) être d’accord (avec)
anti-lock braking system ABS (automobile)
apologise (for) s’excuser
apply (for) postuler (à) / poser une candidature (pour)
approve (of) approuver
as a result en conséquence
ask (for) demander
average moyen(ne)
aware (of) être conscient (de)
B
become devenir
belong (to) appartenir (à)
boost propulser / hausser / faire remonter en flèche
brand name marque
broken down tombé(e) en panne
business trips voyages d’affaires
C
cheap pas cher
check vérifier
commonly couramment / fréquemment
company entreprise
computer ordinateur
conduct mener / diriger
confer (with) conférer / accorder (à)
consumer consommateur
convenient pratique / commode
country pays
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Unit 1
D
deadline date butoir / limite
delay retard
department service
depend (on) dépendre (de)
digital numérique
discrepancy divergence / contradiction / décalage / différence
dust poussière
duties devoirs / tâches / besognes
E
easy going complaisant
entertainement divertissement
expenses des frais
expensive cher(e) / coûteux
F
factory usine
found créer / fonder ( une société)
founder créateur / fondateur (pour une société)
fall behind être à la traîne / se laisser distancer
focus (on) se concentrer sur
forefront à la pointe de
G
goals buts
a great deal (of) beaucoup (de)
green light feu vert
growth développement / croissance / expansion
H
handle s’occuper de quelque chose
hardly ever presque jamais
household name marque très connue
I
in addiction (to) en plus (de)
increase monter / accroître / augmenter
issue problème / question
J
job interview entretien pour un travail
K
keep garder
keyboard clavier
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Presenting companies, departments and jobs
L
laptop ordinateur portable
launch lancer (une société, une opération)
link lien
lion’s share la part du lion
long-range long terme
M
main principal
maintain garder
management la direction (d’une entreprise)
manufacture fabriquer
means of transport moyen(s) de transport
meeting réunion
metal housing boîtier métallique
mistake erreur
most of the time la plupart du temps
N
needs besoins
network réseau
never jamais
O
often souvent
on land sur terre
on water sur l’eau
oversee superviser
overtime heures supplémentaires
own posséder
P
patent brevet
proficient compétent
provide fournir
R
rank classer
rate vitesse / rythme / taux
relationships rapports
rely (on) compter sur qqn / qqe chose
remain rester / continuer
remotely à distance
replicated reproduit
requirements besoins
resign (from) donner sa démission (de)
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Unit 1
rising qui monte

running qui fonctionne
S
sensitive sensible
several plusieurs
share (v) partager
shares (n) des actions / parts d’une société
size taille
skill compétence
smoothly sans à-coups
sometimes des fois
speed vitesse
staff personnel
star étoile
stay abreast (of) rester à la hauteur de
stem (from) provenir (de) / découler (de) / dénuer (de)
stock exchange la Bourse
sub-contractor sous-traitant
subsidiaries filiales
succeed (in doing) réussir (à faire)
suppliers fournisseurs
T
thanks to grâce à
tight budget budget serré
tightly étroitement
timeframes délais
trade union syndicat
trading opération commerciale / transaction
turnover chiffre d’affaires
U
usually d’habitude
W
working hours horaires de travail
worldwide mondial(e)
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LISTENING 1 Presenting and IS department

D 02
Interviewer: Could you tell me a little about the way your IS department is organised?
IS manager: OK. I’ll try. Our organisation is really split into 2 dimensions. One is linked to
geographical regions, and the other is linked to the technology we cover. From
a geographical point of view, we’re organised like most large companies.
There are 3 main geographical regions; Europe, the Americas and the Greater
Asia Region. There are sub-divisions within these regions. The European sector
for example is sub-divided into 4 areas, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North
Europe and the Mediterranean.
Interviewer: Okay. Like you say, it’s a fairly traditional organisation. What about the technical
dimension?
IS manager: From the technological point of view ... well, I’m not very familiar with the way
specific applications are handled, because I’m part of the global infrastructure
team. This team is broken down into 3 or 4 areas, (…… as sometimes 2 areas are
mixed together).
Generally speaking, there is the Work Station and Help Desk Area, the Server
Area and the Telecom Area. …. And these areas are broken down again into
different specialised units.
Interviewer: Okay so far. ……. Perhaps you could describe one of these areas in a little more
detail.
IS manager: Ehm… If I focus on the way the telecom area is organised, for example. …….
There are 4 specialised units. The data network, that’s your personal computer
with internet access, connection to one or more servers…eh .well connection
to whatever device there is on the network. We also have the voice network,
everything that’s related to voice. The voice area includes, of course, the phone
system but also what we call the conference call bridge, mobile... mobile phones,
and also the link with videoconferencing and IP phones.
Interviewer: Sorry … What’s the difference between conference call bridges and
videoconferencing?
IS manager: Well, Conference Call Bridge is audio only. …. There can be a certain number of
participants together in the same virtual room, and everyone can speak at the
same time……well, hopefully not everyone at the same time.
Interviewer: Yes, it could get really confusing.
IS manager: Yeah, but usually it’s OK. We are really used to doing this as we spend a lot of
time in meetings, and when I say meetings, most of the time I mean virtual ones.
It’s cost saving. So, for this we use tools like conference call bridges; either in-
house devices which we manage ourselves or tools we buy outside... sometimes
we buy the service outside. Eh,…… I’ve spoken about the Data Network and the
Voice Network, there is also the External Access Network. This is the core LAN
network with connection to the outside world. Our users, whether they are in the
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Unit 1
field or at home, need to connect remotely with the company – for information
or to access e-mails, etc. So, for this there are special devices and services.
Interviewer: When you say users, do you mean customers?
IS manager: No, I mean employees, for example field engineers. This external access area
also covers communication with our partners. Third parties which need to be
connected to the company network, for example, the payroll system, which isn’t
in-house. It needs to be connected up to the company network. This is part of the
external access area because it has to pass through firewalls and there is a high
level of security and checks. Some people in the department are specialised in this
area. The 4th area of telecom is monitoring. Monitoring is fairly self-explanatory.
That’s how we keep a check on all the systems we are responsible for, everything
that keeps a check on the health of our network. So there you have it; Voice
Network, Data Network, External Access and Monitoring. We are organised in
such a way that this multi-dimensional organisation is replicated at all levels.
What I mean is that there is one person globally responsible for each network,
Voice, Data, etc., but there is also someone responsible for each network in every
region. In that way we can assure that the same type of service or request is dealt
with identically in each region and that there are no discrepancies.
For example in the External Access Area where we use firewalls, there is special
hardware and software and it’s important that we are using the same equipment
worldwide. This is possible because there is one person with worldwide
responsibility in this area, as well as one for each geographical region and the
message is the same for everyone. It’s really a top-down approach to retain
consistency throughout.
Here, in Europe, we have very few IS specialists in each country. For example, I
have no telecom people in the other countries that I’m responsible for.
Interviewer: Right. Does that mean you send specialists from this department to install new
systems or solve a problem which has to be dealt with in another country?
IS manager: No, no. Network is something that we can cope with remotely in all cases.
Interviewer: Even the hardware?
IS manager: Yes, even the hardware. We have suppliers who can go on-site to solve a problem
in an emergency. If the problem is not urgent then we can send devices from
here and the people over there, the first level support, just screw it in. They
know how to patch. We trust them and they’re doing a good job. We rely on
them.
Eh.., I think I’ve covered just about everything, eh… that’s basically how our IS
Department is organised.
Interviewer: Great. Thanks’ very much for the explanation. …………………….
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LISTENING 2 An IS manager’s typical day

D 03
Interviewer: Perhaps I could ask you some questions about your job and your daily routine?
IS manager: Yes, of course. What would you like to know?
Interviewer: Perhaps we could start with a description of your typical day.
IS manager: A typical day! Well eh… that’s quite difficult as no two days are alike, and it
also depends on the day of the week. But there is a general pattern to my time.
Between 30 and 50% of my time is spent in meetings.
Interviewer: Operational meetings?
IS manager: Different kinds of meetings really. Yes, there are operational meetings. First of all
here in the department just to see where we are at, if there any problems, or if
there are any urgent needs to deal with ….. for example; insufficient resources. I
hold these meetings every week, and they last for about 2 hours.
Interviewer: Do they follow a set pattern?
IS manager: Yes, they are all fairly structured. First, I update my team on any general news
– this can be organisational announcements or a new project coming up. Then,
each person on the team presents a document to show where they stand on their
projects, so that everyone is aware of each others work. That’s very important.
That way, if there are any outside queries, each member of the team can answer
them, even though there is only one person responsible for each project.
Interviewer: Any other operational meetings?
IS manager: Yes every 2 weeks I organise an operations meeting with my European team,
I’m the domain manager for the network in general, but I’m also the European
specialist for all remote access and firewall issues.
Interviewer: And management meetings?
IS manager: Every week there is a European Telecom Managers’ meeting. This is the European
meeting held with my colleagues from the UK and Germany.
Interviewer: Ah...So you get to travel a little as well...
IS manager: I wish! Getting out of the office once in a while would be a good break. No, I’m
afraid everyone stays in their offices. We use a web meeting and conferencing
system. Groupware, you know; IP phones, white boards and a secure collaborative
working environment. That way we can share the same documents online,
in real time. This means one person is updating the document and we are all
following the same presentation. Web meetings are our most common means of
communication. It’s really one of our key tools. That’s about it as far as meetings
go ...…. Oh, I almost forgot …….. I also have to organise monthly one to one
meetings because I’m responsible for resource management. That is, looking
after employees careers and training.
Interviewer: A lot of meetings!
IS manager: Yeah, like I said meetings eat up a lot of my time!
Interviewer: Okay, what about hours, when do you start work in the morning?
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Unit 1
IS manager: Generally, I connect up to the network from home before leaving for work at
about 7:15am just to make sure everything’s running smoothly. For example,
this morning, there was a virus attack published during the night. Our American
colleagues were not aware of it, because of course it’s still night-time over there.
So, I immediately alerted the person in charge of Europe and sent a copy to the
security manager in Peru ……… and then sent a message to all our users telling
them not to touch it if it came through to them. During the day they’ve been
doing an update of all the virus definitions.
Interviewer: What else have you been doing today?
IS manager: Eh……I’ve been doing an update on the telecom budget review for international
costs. I’ve also had a meeting with everyone in my team about an operating
problem we had earlier in the week. This problem was not handled as I would
have liked so I wanted to get everybody on board, to see what happened, why
it happened and to make sure this type of problem is addressed correctly in the
future. What else ... one call about presenting a special internet access project for
next year. It’s being presented this afternoon in order to get the green light to go
ahead to the next step of the project, which is the funding. That’s about it really
for today, except dealing with mails
Interviewer: I suppose you have a lot of emails to deal with in a day?
IS manager: Emails yes, hmm ... around about 50 a day. Today, there have been some about
invoicing, some about funding, a few minor problems to deal with, as well as
contact with our users. There is one from Brazil I have had to deal with quickly.
A member of staff is leaving the company over there and when that happens
we have to react quickly to make sure that all access is shut down…………… OK,
several about the budgets. Ah yes … one dealing with an outage problem on
the main line with Poland. When the line goes down, a back up line kicks in and
stops any disruption in the service, so that the user can carry on working. But in
this case there was full site isolation at one point and so now we have to check
everything to eliminate each line to see where the problem stems from. That
takes some time, of course. That’s what I’ve been doing so far today…and the
day’s not over yet ………… As you can see, it’s pretty varied.
Interviewer: Very! But interesting I suppose?
IS manager: Yes, it’s never boring.
Interviewer: Thanks a lot for taking the time to answer my questions.
IS manager: No problem.
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Unit 2
IT evolution : problems and solutions
Lexique
A
aim viser (verbe) / le but (nom)
allocated alloué
allowed permis
amounts montant
alike de la même façon (ici)
anywhere n’importe où
arrival arrivée
attach joindre
available disponible
B
backing rentoilage (ici)
bin poubelle (nom)
bin / binnig (v) mettre à la poubelle
bosses les patrons / chefs
broadband ADSL / haut débit
bring together à rassembler
C
cardboard / cardboard boxes le carton / boîtes en carton
case boîtier
cater for pourvoir / satisfaire
cheaper moins cher
commonplace banal / commun / ordinaire
comply with respecter
core central / noyau
cost coût
cost-effective rentable / bon rapport coût - performance
covering strip bande de protection
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Unit 2
D
delivery times délais de livraison
desktops ordinateurs de bureau
drawing board planche à dessin industriel
E
ease facilité
enable permettre
end up finir par devenir
endless sans fin / infini
erase supprimer
even même
eventually finalement
F
field engineer ingénieur sur le terrain
file fichier
folder dossier
fortunately / unfortunately heureusement / malheureusement
fulfill exécuter / réaliser
G
get rid of se débarrasser (de)
H
hanger attache / cintre
heavy lourd
highly extrêmement
hire embaucher (ici)
hook crochet
hook up accrocher
however cependant
hub centre / moyeu / concentrateur
huge énorme
I
in hand en main
J
joint connectors raccords
jump sauter
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IT evolution: problems and solutions
L
latest le plus récent
leap bond
leastways du moins / ou plutôt
load charger
M
mainframes gros ordinateurs / unités centrales
N
nails clous
nightmare cauchemar
O
once une fois
order (n v) commande / commander
outside à l’extérieur (de)
overall global(e)
P
path chemin
pleased content(e)
prevent empêcher
prove (oneself) faire ses preuves (ici)
purchasing achats
R
realise se rendre compte
recover / recovery récupérer / récupération
reluctant réticent
remote distant(e)
requisite requis / nécessaire
restricted limité(e) / restreint(e)
S
safely / safer en sécurité / plus sûr
screwdriver tournevis
send envoyer
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Unit 2
skill(s) compétence(s)
slot emplacement / fente
slow lent(e)
sockets prises femelles
(it) sounds obvious (celà) semble évident(e)
sparingly avec modération
steps étapes (ici)
T
tack clou (petit) / broquette
targeted visé(e)
theft vol
town ville
training formation
turning point un tournant / un moment décisif
U
unplugged débranché
user-friendly facile à utiliser
user utilisateur
W
whether si
whole entier
wireless sans fil
without sans
wizard aides d’installation (ici)
worry inquiétude / souci / s’inquieter (v)
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LISTENING 1 A problem and its solution

D 05
A: We’ve had a couple of security problems recently, nothing too drastic but
worrying nonetheless. And you?
B: Well, recently there was quite a bit of worry over the rising number of laptop
thefts. A lot of our managers use them especially when visiting customers. The
whole point of them having laptops is that they can travel anywhere and still
have a record of all the customer’s detailed information to hand. Travelling, of
course, increases the risk of theft. We were worried about all the confidential
customer information on the hard disk. Our managers believed that when they
put files in the bin, that was that, they had eradicated all sensitive data. But,
naturally, as you well know all data can be recovered from a hard disk, so binning
files was hardly great security for our customers.
A: How did you deal with the problem?
B: We started looking for software that would completely erase sensitive files from
a hard disk, with no possible chance of recovery. There were various options on
the market but we had a set of criteria to comply with, which meant our choices
were limited. First of all, it had to be inexpensive. Also, we needed something
easy to install and most importantly, it had to be easy to use as our managers are
not computer whiz kids.
A: Not an easy task, I know. Did you find the software you were looking for?
B: Initially we found a couple of good pieces of software that were interesting;
leastways they did the job we required of them. However, the software came
with various other applications we didn’t need, and these were complicated
for our users. Another negative aspect was that we would have had to buy the
whole package and it ended up being quite expensive. Eventually, it took a
while; but we came across what was for us, the perfect piece of software for
the job in hand. We’d scanned the internet and came up with ‘eraser’. Specific
software for getting rid of sensitive files and leaving no thief, hacker or whoever
the possibility of recovering any of the data. It is very simple to use, one of our
criteria, it was free, another good point, and it did only the job we required - and
it did it very efficiently, I might add. It’s even referenced by NASA and the FBI,
for example. It uses the Guttmann algorithm which basically writes and rewrites
a series of specific data several times over the data to be destroyed.
The beauty of this software is that being GNU software you can personalise it
and adapt it to your specific needs. For example, in its standard form you can
choose to overwrite four, seven or thirty-two times. The time it takes to erase
is quite long so we chose seven times. You can program it to erase at periodic
intervals ……… every time you start up the laptop for example. We programmed
it to erase the bin contents everyday at 5pm. Of course, we then realised that
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Unit 2
emptying the contents of the bin automatically could cause problems if some
files were put in the bin by accident. So we created a second bin just for sensitive
documents.
A: It sounds like a suitable solution for your problem.
B: Yes, we’re so pleased with this product that we’re soon going to install it on all
our desktops.
LISTENING 2 A company’s IT evolution

D 06
A: How has your company kept up with changes in Information Technology?

B: A few years ago communication was not as easy as it is today. We work as a virtual
organisation; that is a lot of employees are not in the same building, town or even
country as their bosses. In my case, my two bosses are in other countries. So, we use
networking, database software and groupware. We couldn’t work today without
all these tools.
A: This wasn’t always the case, was it?
B: No it wasn’t. In the past our IS base was run by big mainframes which took up a
lot of space and were very slow and heavy to run. We only had text-based e-mail
which was used sparingly as it was not at all user-friendly and the mail system took
a very long time if you wanted to attach a file for example. It was a real nightmare.
In fact it was easier by phone, but of course you couldn’t send files by phone. The
phone was also very expensive. At the time we had the national phone company
running our telephone system. Today we have an in-house system, which is much
cheaper to operate. For remote access we used dial-up modems. As these were
analogue modems they had very slow performance rates. We had very basic servers
and no printers, because again the cost was too high. Internet access was highly
restricted for the same reasons.
A: What was the biggest problem at the time?
B: The main problem we had in the past was that each country had its own system
running individually. Each database was local, so communication between countries
was laborious and costly. There was no centralised system like we have today. Even
the use of laptops is quite recent as they were too expensive in the past for the
field engineers to have.
A: Was there a rapid change over to newer systems?
B: No, the progression was a gradual one to today’s networking. In the UK they had
installed a central system using SAP or S.A.P. and so the decision was taken for each
country to hook up to the same one. It took a considerable amount of time for each
country to change, but it made an enormous difference to communication. Using
SAP meant that each country could no longer have its own autonomous system but
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had to change to the same system; the same servers, same everything in fact.
This major leap, called ERP, enterprise resource planning to give it its full name,
brought our company together virtually and enabled us to create our global
infrastructure. It’s a software solution addressing company needs in order to meet
organisational goals while tightly integrating all the functions of a company. It
facilitates company-wide integrated information systems, performs core corporate
activities and increases customer service. It integrates databases, applications,
interfaces, tools, etc. For example, it can automate the different steps along the
path to fulfilling a customer order …. And this can be from the point of view of the
production department, financial department, or for delivery times, etc.
A: What were the main benefits?
B: This standardisation of systems meant that they were easier to maintain. It was
a turning point in the way the company interacted internally and how we were
organised. As an organisation we never jump on the latest technology as soon as it’s
on the market. We wait until it has had a chance to prove itself, to mature, before
deciding whether to adopt it or not. It’s safer that way and more cost effective.
A: Yeah as in most cases, better to rely on tried and tested products.
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8 A109 LX PA 00 07 séq2.indd 20 27/09/07 17:27:37
Unit 3
Intra & inter...net
Lexique
A
'a whole different ball game' expression : complètement différent
according to selon
ads la pub / annonce / réclame (n)
advertising publicité
amazing étonnant(e)
annoying énervant(e) / agaçant(e)
answers réponses
awful affreux / atroce
B
backlink (inlink, inward link etc...) lien retour
balance (n) équilibre
bandwidth bande passante
barely à peine
batch un lot
benchmark une base ou une référence (ici)
benefit profiter
the best le / la meilleur(e)
between entre
bid (v, n) faire une offre / enchérir / une enchère
billion milliard
'bite the wax tadpole' phrase qui n’a pas de sens, littéralement : mordre le
têtard en cire
boast se vanter
breakneck casse-cou
browse surfer (Internet)
building construction
bullet list liste à points / puces
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Unit 3
C
claim revendiquer
clues indices
clustering regroupement / clustérisation
comic-style style bande dessinée
compete rivaliser / faire concurrence
counterpart homologue
crawler-based les résultats sont listés selon le nombre de fois où le
mot recherché apparaît sur une page
crazy dingue
current actuel
D
dash hopes anéantir les espoirs (ici)
deployed déployé(e)
differ (from) se distinguer / être différent (de)
disgruntled mécontent(e)
drawbacks désavantages
driving down poussant vers le bas
E
emphasise insister sur / souligner
expectations attentes
expense coût
F
faithful loyal(e)
fall (v)(n) tomber / (nom) chute
famous célèbre
fashionable en vogue / à la mode
favourites préférés
be fed up (with) en avoir assez (de)
feed nourrir
figures chiffres
firm société
flashing étincelant / scintillant
forge ahead prendre de l’avance / foncer
fortunes les richesses / les fortunes
G
gather rassembler / ramasser
global stage la scène mondiale
growth croissance
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Intra and inter...net
H
harm faire du mal
headline gros titre
headlong tête baissée / se précipiter
hidden caché(e)
highlight souligner
highways voies publiques / grandes routes
I
impressive impressionnant(e)
improve améliorer
inbound link cf backlink
included inclus / compris
increase augmenter / s’accroître
incur encourir
K
'keep your eye on the ball' expression : être sur le qui-vive
'keep up with the Joneses' expression : faire aussi bien, voire mieux,
que les voisins
L
lack manque
lag behind être à la traîne / avoir du retard / être en retard sur
landscape paysage
law la loi
layout mise en page
lengths longueurs
likely probable
(be) like-minded (être) du même avis / (avoir) des idées similaires
link-rich posséder beaucoup de liens
lowering baissant (ici)
M
manly viril
means moyens
N
name appeler / nommer
newspaper le journal
nowhere nulle part
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Unit 3
O
'on the other hand' expression : d’un / (l’ autre) côté
on-line en ligne
one-upmanship art de faire mieux que les autres
outlay mise de fonds / dépense
outsider quelqu’un d’extérieur / étranger à quelque chose
outweigh dépasser / emporter sur
overcrowded surpeuplé / trop dense
P
pathfinders qui cherche des voies / liens
portal portail (porte vers plusieurs services sur Internet)
postage timbrage
pros and cons le pour et le contre
pursue poursuivre
Q
query question
R
rate taux
reached atteint
reap récolter
remember se souvenir
remind rappeler
retrieve récupérer
rise monter
rules règles
S
sales ventes (ici)
savings économies
scant maigre / guère / très peu
scheme système / plan
search (v,n) chercher / rechercher / recherche
shoot ahead passer loin devant
sieve / sift dégager (ici)
slang argot
solve résoudre
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sounding qui sonne

soundness justesse
sparingly avec parcimonie
spend dépenser
spider araignée
sub-heading sous-titre
subscriber abonné
sustained soutenu
T
therefore par conséquence
thoroughly complètement / entièrement
throw jeter
tiny minuscule
to date à ce jour
to leave someone standing expression : laisser quelqu’un loin derrière
tool outil
topic sujet
trust confiance
truth la vérité
U
upgrade mettre à jour / acheter la nouvelle version
unlimited sans limite
unwise pas sage
useful utile
W
wade (through) venir à bout / s’échiner
war guerre
ware marchandise / produit
way ahead loin devant
well-known bien connu(e)
within à l’intérieur(e)
workplace lieu de travail
worth vaut
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Unit 3
LISTENING 1 Search engines

D 09
A: Isn’t it amazing! All those search engines we all used to use not so many years
ago and now all we ever hear about is Google!
B: Yes, it’s Google mania. As a household name they’re more well-known today
than Microsoft. It’s even become a verb ‘to google’, meaning to do a web
search.
A: Right. So what happened to, you know, Ask Jeeves, AltaVista, Lycos and so on?
How come Google shot ahead of all the others? They seem to have come from
nowhere fast.
B: Well, the others are all still around and working well. AltaVista was one of the
first comprehensive internet search engines created by Digital back in ’94. They
called it the first super spider software. It was a crawler-based search engine.
That is; it listed results according to the number of times search words appeared
on a page. Lycos, which was even earlier than AltaVista, was the same but
much more limited. Then in ’97 there began a series of search-engine size wars,
mainly started by AltaVista and INKOTOMI. They were in fierce competition,
each claiming to have the greatest number of documents or web pages. In the
nineties, the guys who created Google realised that results would be quicker if
a search engine looked at the relationships between different websites. Their
system calculated the website importance by counting the inbound links or
back-links. They decided to test this theory by creating a search engine which
ranked websites by the pages which had the most links.
A: You mean that where there were the most links it was because those pages
were the most relevant to a search?
B: Exactly. Google’s strength is getting results from simple 1 or 2 word queries
because of these relevance techniques. People were also really attracted to the
simplicity of Google’s design. After all, we were all getting thoroughly fed up
with complicated overcrowded websites that were difficult to sieve through.
Finding the information you actually wanted was difficult. Google also put a
stop to annoying pop-up ads on their site.
A: Oh, I know. They used to drive me crazy. Search engine size wars are still going
on. I read that Google made a benchmark of 500 million documents back in
millennium year, and left all the others standing.
B: Yes. There was continual one-upmanship for many years with different search
engines pushing the figures from the millions into the billions. By 2004 Google
was up to a record-setting 8 billion.
A: Wow. I must admit that’s pretty impressive. So, is it just the amount of web
pages a search engine finds that makes it the biggest and the best?
B: A lot of people think so, but the ideal search engine doesn’t exist, even if people
do have their own favourites. As I said earlier Google is excellent at obtaining
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good answers with scant clues, but it usually feeds you still images, whereas FAST
(now part of YAHOO), is much better at using and understanding language to
personalise the individual’s request and is great for sound, music and video.
A: So, it depends on what you’re looking for. The kind of browsing I do is very
work-focused, and therefore quite detailed. I don’t usually need to wade
through the hundreds and thousands of pages that search engines throw up.
B: Well, now there is a whole new batch of search engines like ask.com which
use the subject-specific-popularity technology developed by TEOMA. Some
are relatively small but they locate specific groups of like-minded experts and
enthusiasts. They find link-rich pathfinders for you. Some have no index of their
own. These are meta-search engines that send out your query to other search
engines and will sift the information to give you the best results. This is called
clustering and it organises the results pages into different subjects. There is also
Daypop which gets information from web-logs or ‘online diaries’. As blogers are
enthusiasts on a given subject they’ll hopefully provide you with better links.
A: In that case, I guess big is not necessarily best!
B: That’s right. Those huge search engines we talked about, knowing they needed
to stay on the ball, transformed themselves into portals offering a variety of
services and thereby kept their customers faithful. Search engines are reaching
out further and constantly changing the way we use the web.
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Unit 3
LISTENING 2 Ins and Outs of CAT (computer assisted translation)

D 10
Speaker: Okay, now I’d like to talk to you about another interesting subject - Computer Assisted
Translation, or CAT as it’s commonly termed. CAT comes in a wide variety of forms,
from the simple spell-checker program to the full-text search tools (also known as
full-text indexers). There are 2 main categories of CAT:
MT (Machine Translation) and TM (Translation Memory).
MT, where the machine actually does the translation for you, has been around for
many years. Unfortunately, customer expectations are often dashed when using it, and
trying to measure quality is a complex business for mono-linguists. Many companies
have used this type of translation software when trying to reach out to a wider
audience, for example through advertising slogans. MT analyses a text and rewrites it
according to a programmed set of linguistic rules. Naturally, as it is a machine doing
the translating, it is fairly rigid and lacks imagination. It is also limited by the grammar
and vocabulary content that’s fed in to it, in the target language. As a result, some
users of MT software have suffered terrible experiences of mistranslation.
Through bad translation, advertising slogans for some multi-nationals were ridiculous
or even offensive in certain countries. One well-known soft drink company, when
naming its product for the Chinese market, came up with a similar sounding Chinese
word. The word they chose in Chinese meant ‘bite the wax tadpole’. This was not the
attractive, tempting name they were looking for. Another example was a famous car
manufacturer selling to the Brazilian market. They discovered the name chosen for
their car meant ‘tiny male genitals’ in Brazilian slang. This was a catastrophe for the
manly marketing image they wanted for the car. This turned out to be an expensive
mistake as changing the names on all the cars cost the company a great deal of
money.
Valuable tools in common use, such as dictionaries and spell-checker programs, also
fall into this category. Verifying the soundness of the translation remains the major
problem with all these programs when used by a mono-linguist. We still have a long
way to go before MT is entirely capable of taking over from humans.
TM, on the other hand, is a whole different ball game. This type of software helps
the translator and not the other way round. The human works on the translation
and is aided by the program. These tools consist of a database of text segments in
a source language, and their translations into one or more target languages. In its
memory, TM is also capable of remembering and then reminding the translator of
how they translated similar sentences, phrases or even whole texts in the past. This
can be especially useful for the translation of technical manuals and other repetitive
texts. It memorises usage patterns and can be used in a helpdesk capacity. These TM
tools are constantly being updated and improved and many large companies use
them to build their multi-lingual websites and write instruction manuals, reducing
translation costs and saving considerable time.
Right now, any questions so far? Yes, the young lady on the right.
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Unit 4
Security, security, security
Lexique
A
access accès
accounts les comptes
additional supplémentaire / de plus
address book carnet d’adresses
adware publiciel
aerial antenne
afford avoir les moyens de
agenda ordre du jour
agree (with) être d’accord (avec)
almost presque
arise se présenter / se poser (ici un problème)
armchair fauteuil
authentication authentification
awaiting en attente (de)
B
back door porte derobée
back-up sauvegarde
bet pari
believe croire
blackmail chantage
blind alley (figuratif) voie de garage
bogus faux
botnet un réseau d’ordinateurs zombie pour faire
des envois en masse de mailings
brain cerveau
break-through percée
buy acheter
bypass contourner / éviter / se passer de
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Unit 4
C
call appeler
capture capturer
catch attraper
channel canaliser (ici)
coat hanger porte-manteau
coffee tin boîte à café
computer-savvy avoir des connaissances en informatique
computer speak le langage des ordinateurs / jargon informatique
contest concours / lutte / combat
cope with venir à bout de / faire face à / affronter
copyright droit d’auteur
country pays
crack déchiffrer
D
destroy détruire
discreetly discrètement
discuss parler de
doubly doublement
E
earlier plus tôt
earth (éléctricité) mettre à la masse / à la terre
eavesdrop (on a conversation) écouter aux portes / écouter une conversation privée
encoding / encrypting mettre en code
enough assez
entirely entièrement
escalate s’intensifier / monter en flèche
exhilarating grisant / exaltant
F
false faux
fingerprint empreinte digitale
fishing la pêche
flowerpot pot de fleurs
foolproof infaillible
forge contrefaire / falsifier
G
games jeux
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genuine authentique / vrai

get a kick out of (doing something) expression : prendre son pied (à faire quelque chose)
get back revenir
H
harmless inoffensif / innocent
health santé
hence donc / par conséquent / d’où
hunt (n, v) chasse / chasser
I
implementation mise en oeuvre
in earnest sérieusement
inevitably inévitablement
inside à l’intérieur
invoice facture
item article / question / point (ici)
J
join in participer / se mettre de la partie
K
keep garder
keylogger enregistreur de frappe (espion ou non)
keys touches (ici)
knock over renverser
knowledge connaissance
L
lay off licencier
leave laisser (ici)
(lead, led, led) mener
legitimate légitime
link lien
lone standing individuel et seul
M
mailshot mailing / publipostage
manage (to) réussir à
master maître
mess pagaille
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Unit 4
money de l’argent
N
neighbour voisin
O
opponent adversaire
otherwise autrement / sinon
ourselves nous-mêmes
outline brosser un tableau dans les grandes lignes
P
password mot de passe
pavement trottoir
pit your brain against se mesurer intellectuellement à
places lieux
plenty (of time) assez (de temps) (ici)
point out faire remarquer
proposal proposition
proxy par procuration
purpose but / objet / raison
put forward proposer / émettre
R
recipes recettes (de cuisine)
record companies maisons de disques
recording enregistrement
report rapport / compte-rendu
request demande / requête
S
save sauvegarder
scramble brouiller
screen écran
selling vendre
share partager
short court
shutdown arrêter / fermer (un système etc...)
side-track router / dériver
sister soeur
(the) slightest (le) moindre
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small fry menu fretin

snoop fureter discrètement
spamming envoi massif de couriers éléctroniques
spend dépenser (argent) / passer (temps)
spyware logiciel espion
star-shaped en forme d’étoile
stay / keep ahead garder une avance sur les autres
steal voler (dérober)
street rue
stroll flâner
stuff (uncountable !) choses / trucs
stymie coincer / mettre dans l’impasse
suburban de banlieue
suchlike de la sorte / du même genre
suit convenir
sum montant
surge une saute de courant (éléctricité)
T
take advantage of profiter de
teenagers adolescents
the need le besoin
though bien que / quoique
thousands des milliers
threat menace
timescale période / perspective de temps
trojan / trojan horse cheval de Troie
U
unless à moins que
unlike différent de / dissemblable / contrairement à
unwittingly involontairement
usurps usurper
W
watch regarder / observer
way façon / manière
well-being bien-être
widely-travelled qui a beaucoup voyagé
win, (won, won) gagner
worms les vers
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Unit 4
LISTENING 1 Data protection and electronic signatures

D 15
Sonia: Right, what’s the next item on the agenda?

Gerhard: Well James has put forward a proposal to introduce electronic signatures for all
top management.
Sonia: Really, Okay. Let’s discuss it then. What use are they, and why would we need
them?
Gerhard: The main idea is to stop anyone intercepting messages.
Sonia: Why would anyone want to do that?
Gerhard: To change the content for example. Let’s say …………… Inès, the Finance
Manager wants to approve payment for an invoice from one of our suppliers.
If the message were intercepted, the approval could be used for criminal
purposes.
Sonia: Yes, but we already have anti-viruses, firewalls, and all sorts of computer
security, surely no one can get past it all?
Gerhard: Nothing is foolproof. Keeping ahead of cyber-criminals means changing and
updating our systems to stay ahead. This is additional security.
Sonia: Perhaps we could bring James in here to give us more details?
Gerhard: That’s a good idea. I’ll get him.
(Pause…..)
James: Good morning everybody. Right, well, to talk about electronic signatures, also
called digital certificates, they’re a sort of digital fingerprint system. They’re
in popular use, in particular in e-commerce. As we are expanding into the e-
market we need this important part of the authentication process, for ourselves
and our customers.
Sonia: Absolutely. Gerhard was talking about internal use though, between
departments. Is that also necessary, or could we just issue these digital
certificates to the Sales and Finance Departments?
James: Anyone receiving messages, giving the authority to spend company money,
needs the assurance that the message comes from who it says it does. In our
case, it is only the managers who have this authority, so I believe they should
each have their own electronic signature as a precaution.
Gerhard: I agree entirely. It’s getting too risky given the ease with which we all use e-mail
for transmitting buying and selling requests. To go back to something Sonia said
earlier, can I just point out that we, the company, don’t issue these certificates
ourselves. We have to apply for them from a Certificate Authority. A third party
organisation issues the digital certificate, to create the digital signatures and
public and private key pairs.
James: That’s right.
Sonia: How do they work?
James: Well, let’s take you and Gerhard for example. When you send a message to
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Gerhard you would use the public key to encrypt the message. Gerhard must
then use his private key to decrypt the message. That’s why we call them key
pairs. They are easy to use.
Sonia: So, I suppose the signatures need to be easy to remember and at the same time
difficult to forge.
Gerhard: Yes, if they’re too simple, such as a person’s name or initials, it’s easy to crack the
computer system.
James: And, on the other hand, as Sonia says they have to be easy enough to
remember.
Sonia: Right. James, can we leave this with you? I’d like a short report as soon as you
can, outlining the costs, and timescale for implementation. Will the end of next
week give you sufficient time?
James: Plenty. Shall I send you it in an encrypted e-mail?
Sonia: If you do, I won’t be able to read it without my private key. Thank you, James.
OK. Gerhard, can we move on to the next item?
Gerhard: Okay, last week we had a report of a security breach in the firewall …
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Unit 4
LISTENING 2 Hacking and a hacker’s advice

D 16
Interviewer: So, when did you start hacking, and why?

Hacker: I’ve been a hacker for many years now. It started innocently enough at the
grand old age of 13, quite simply because my parents couldn’t afford to buy me
sophisticated new software, and as I was already very computer savvy, I started
trying to find ways of downloading and cracking software codes for personal
use. At the time it was mostly for music. Then, of course the great change came
for me when broadband arrived and I started downloading in earnest. Unlimited
access to the internet also meant that I could spend hours talking on forums and
discovering the fascinating world of hacking. It was genuine curiosity. Being in
contact with other hackers encouraged me to join in their games. That’s what
most of it is about anyway – it’s all just a game. The great challenge and especially
the competition: pitting your brain against a huge corporation or organisation
is exhilarating stuff, in particular for teenagers. It’s an amazing feeling to think
that little old you can stymie some enormous company or whatever, right from
your armchair. We’re code crackers and some of us have even become heroes,
well, perhaps I’m exaggerating a little! But you never know when we’ll be
needed. Bypassing security codes is usually how I break through security to gain
access.
Interviewer: Who do you think are the biggest threats to hackers?
Hacker: Record companies in particular are continually hunting down hackers because
of copyright laws trying to protect their business. So, some software can only
be bought on the internet using a credit card, and the company puts a program
into your computer which can read everything in your computer, and therefore
it knows if the software is being used on another computer. Some software can
also detect if a CD is a copy or not.
Interviewer: Are there any ways of avoiding detection?
Hacker: I use a proxy server when I’m hacking, that way if the web police are out there
searching, they can’t get back to me. By using a proxy my personal information
is not given out, it’s only false information, and the police are led on a wild
goose chase to various different places and different countries. So they don’t
know where I am, or who I am. Most hackers are doubly careful when dealing
with the USA, as the FBI pretends to be a proxy server, and you can get caught
that way.
Interviewer: Sounds like it could be dangerous. So, why do you continue?
Hacker: As I said before, it’s mainly to get a kick out of the challenge. You must have
heard of the Sasser worm. That made a real mess. It was a contest between
two hackers to see who could contaminate the most computers. Sasser won
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because he managed to create a worm that destroyed his opponent, Blaster. So,
in the hackers’ world Sasser and Blaster are well-known. I‘m not, and most of
the hackers I know, are not out there on a destructive path.
Interviewer: Has hacking changed?
Hacker: Today, there are new methods of hacking, in particular brought about by the
massive adoption of WIFI. They’ve just made it so much easier for us. You can
easily hack into anybody’s system, especially your neighbour’s, just by using a
coat-hanger or an old coffee tin to act as an aerial to channel energy. WIFI
systems send energy out in a star-shaped direction. All you have to do is channel
this energy in the direction you want, capture it, and use it as you like. Some
WIFI systems use a WEP key, which means that all communication between the
modem and the pc is encoded. So, you need the WEP key. Sniffers are what we
call people who listen and receive all the data from a particular machine and can
then read the WEP key. After that you have total access. People with WIFI should
change their WEP key regularly, I change mine constantly. Once I have the WEP
key I can infiltrate the whole network, send instructions to disconnect everyone
from the router and then change the address from my own MAC address, that
means manufacturing address code, to one of the people connected up to the
router. Every network card leaving a factory has a unique MAC address. So then
if I want to do anything illegal on the internet, everything’s directed back to the
host computer, guarding my anonymity. This is called spoofing.
War driving has become very popular with hackers as a consequence of WIFI. That is to say they
get as close to a company as they can, often or not the car park, and they try to
get past the company’s security and enter their computers.
Interviewer: Have you got any advice on security?
Hacker: My advice, well, as I’ve already said all passwords must be changed frequently.
People should avoid mass produced software. MSN is like an open book to
hackers. Most hackers attack Windows, so it’s better to use Linux or Mac.OS. I
suppose I shouldn’t really be telling you all this. It’s a good job it’s anonymous!
Interviewer: Don’t worry, I won’t tell anyone!
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8 A109 LX PA 00 07 séq4.indd 38 27/09/07 17:30:42
Unit 5
Storage and outsourcing
Lexique
A
accompanying d’accompagnement
add ajouter
akin (to) analogue à
all-inclusive tout compris
allow permettre
although bien que
anyway de toute façon
archive archiver
away (from) loin de
B
back-up (n, v) sauvegarde / sauvegarder
backward compatible compatible avec les modèles précédents
basically au fond / fondamentalement
behind derrière
bonus prime
branch office succursale
busy occupé
C
call / caller appel / la personne qui appelle
cancel / cancellation annuler / annulation
century siècle
choice choix
clouds nuages
consequently par conséquent
corner (just around the) virage / (ici) n'est pas loin
current actuel
cut (v, n) couper / coupe
cut back réduire
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Unit 5
D
daily quotidien(nement)
deal with s’occuper de
discount remise / rabais
dividend dividende
down the road au bout de la rue / pas loin
E
enormous énorme
engaged occupé (ligne téléphonique)
etched pits cavités gravées
eventually finalement
extend prolonger
F
factors facteurs
foreign d’un pays étranger
feared redouté / craint
fees honoraires
forget oublier
forms formes / sortes
friendly amical
full plein
G
go ahead with (something) (ici) mettre un plan / un projet à exécution
great génial / super
H
half moitié
hand over céder / remettre
hands mains
head tête
heading (for) se dirige (vers)
hold the line patienter (au téléphone)
hold back freiner / retenir
(at) home chez soi
I
in the long run à long terme
(be) inclined (to) enclin à / tendance à
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inevitably inévitablement
interestingly de façon intéressante / chose intéressante
J
join adhérer
K
keep garder
key clé
knowledge savoir / connaissance
L
labour force main-d’œuvre
legal juridique
lifespan durée de vie
look forward to attendre avec impatience
loss perte
lovely charmant / ravissant / chouette
lump of sugar morceau de sucre
M
manifold multiple (ici)
manufacturing process processus de fabrication
MD (Managing Director) UK
CEO (Chief Executive Officer) USA PDG
General Manager – USA
meeting (meet) (n,v) réunion (rencontrer)
motorbike moto
O
(be) obliged (to) (être) obligé à
occur se produire
offshoring / outsourcing sous-traitance à l’étranger / sous-traitance ou
externalisation
on behalf of au nom de
on demand à la demande
on hand sous la main
out of date périmé
overhaul reviser complétement
own propre / à soi (ici)
41
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Unit 5
P
package contrat global (ici)
part pièce (ici)
perk avantage / à-côté
poor pauvre
R
receipt (un) reçu
reduce réduire
refer (to) faire référence (à)
relate (to) se rapporter (à)
removal enlèvement
response time temps de réponse
revamp retaper
rough draft brouillon
S
Sales Manager directeur des ventes
sequential access accès séquentiel
set up installer
shorter plus court
shout crier
speed vitesse
staff turnover renouvellement de personnel
stage phase / stade (ici)
stand in for remplacer quelqu’un
still toujours (ici)
storage / store stockage / stocker
story (une) histoire
suitable qui convient / approprié
sub-divided subdivis(é)
switchboard operator standardiste
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T
task tâche
teething problem difficulté initiale
these days de nos jours / ces jours ci
though quoique
throughout partout dans / d’un bout à l’autre de
throughput débit
tied up occupé (ici)
timing synchronisation (ici)
tip pourboire (ici)
trend tendance
true vrai
U
(the) utmost (la) plus haute / extrême
V
VAT TVA
W
water-skiing ski nautique
wavelength longueur d’onde
weekly hebdomadaire
well-established bien établi(e)
whereas alors que / tandis que
widespread très répandu (ici)
wonderful merveilleux
43
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Unit 5
LISTENING 1 A small business – planning I.S. growth

D 17
Andy: OK, Delia, I’ve just been given the green light by the MD. We’re going ahead
with the plans for a complete overhaul of IS throughout the company.
Delia: Great. The timing is just perfect, what with the opening of the new branch
office in Welwyn Garden City.
Andy: Exactly. I think it was one of the determining factors. Our equipment here
in Head Office is so old and so out of date that any system we set up in a
new environment won’t be able to communicate with us. Well, except for
the standard phone line. We wouldn’t be able to cope with running 2
entirely separate IS systems anyway, so we’d have to take on more staff.
The MD realised that revamping our present equipment, buying upgraded
hardware, such as routers and T-1 lines, to take advantage of remote service
between the 2 offices, would be cheaper in the long run. Of course, although
she agreed with everything I said there will be restrictions; money being the
biggest one. Right, down to business; Delia, can you call Josh in for me?
Delia: Sure. (Puts her head round the door and shouts) Josh, can you come in? We need
you.
Josh: I’m on my way. 2 seconds while I save this file.
Andy: Hello Josh. We need to make some decisions on those comparisons you made
last month.
Josh: Hi, Andy. The basic hardware equipment is the same quality and price for
both Rewfringes and Fromalston. The differences come in the accompanying
software packages. The initial installation and set up with staff training included
is the same price from both companies. The Fromalston software package has
continuous data protection incorporated, but is more complicated to adapt to
our needs. It will also take the staff longer to get used to it. Rewfringes software
package, on the other hand, uses more standard language and is easier to adapt
and use.
Andy: Delia, have you spoken to the suppliers yet, about maintenance contracts? I
think we’re agreed that the quality of the After Sales Service is of the utmost
importance in deciding which supplier to go through.
Delia: Yes, I spoke to Rewfringes and Fromalston last week. I have a rough draft of the
maintenance contracts here.
Andy: Any significant differences?
Delia: They both offer full hardware and software support. Rewfringes includes daily
updates, whereas with Fromalston, it’s weekly. The overall costs are slightly
cheaper if we go through Rewfringes. The main reason for that is that their
After Sales service is outsourced to a company abroad.
Andy: So, what happens if we have a problem we can’t deal with ourselves?
Josh: These days everything’s repaired online.
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Delia: That’s right.

Andy: Hmm. I’m not sure I like the idea of having to rely on people half way round the
globe in the case of an emergency.
Delia: In the unusual case of a serious problem they use a local company to cope with
the emergency.
Andy: I find it amazing that it’s cheaper to use a company abroad than the one that’s
just down the road, like Fromalston.
Josh: Rewfringes software is easier for us to adapt to our complex financial system.
That was their main selling point. They’re also very experienced in setting up
networks that can easily grow, so as we expand we can add to our IS systems
without having to buy expensive new equipment in a few years time.
Andy: That seems to me to be their main selling point, because our complex financial
system, as you put it, will have to be simplified anyway. Delia, how many hours
of staff training do these companies supply?
Delia: Er…Rewfringes estimates 60 hours, that includes setting up and staff training
on the new systems. Fromalston only talks about 30 hours, but that’s just for
staff training.
Andy: Hmmm… If we can get some guarantee from Fromalston that the amount of
staff training hours they offer is sufficient for everyone to be up and running,
and if not, that they can give us more, then I’m inclined to go for the local firm,
for purely practical reasons. Getting everything installed and up and running
correctly will be much easier, when all’s said and done, by a local firm. We’re
bound to have teething problems, but at least they’re only a phone call away.
Josh: So are Rewfringes.
Delia: The problem with the phone call to Rewfringes is language. I’ve heard that a
lot of people are having problems with these foreign call centres where they
hire local people whose English is not very good and it’s difficult to understand
them. Even more so, when having problems with a new system. I’m afraid I
agree with Andy, Josh. Sorry.
Josh: At the end of the day you’re the deciders. I just hope the limited experience of
Fromalston doesn’t hold us back in the long term.
Andy: Yes, I understand what you’re saying Josh, but there’ll never be a guarantee
that any system we implement will be backward compatible in a few years
time. Things change too fast for that. Today we’re setting up a networking
system that allows us to expand and still be fully functional over the next 5 to
8 years. We’re making this decision based on what this company needs over the
next few years, and not on what the general trend is. Fromalston is also a small
company on its way up, so we can grow together. In the long run, we’ll be one
of their loyal customers and that will pay. You’ll see.
Delia: Right, I’ll set up a meeting with Fromalston ASAP.
45
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Unit 5
LISTENING 2 Ordering goods on the telephone

D 18
Receptionist: Good morning, Flucksons Ltd, how can I help you?

B. Smithson: Hello, Could I speak to your Purchasing Manager, please?
Receptionist: Hold the line please… Caller, I’m putting you through.
B. Smithson: Thank you.
[Transfer]
Secretary: Sabrina Draks office, good morning.
B. Smithson: Good morning, I’d like to speak to Ms Draks, please.
Secretary: Could I have your name please?
B. Smithson: Of course. It’s Brian Smithson of DPJ Electronics
[Transfer]
Sabrina Draks: Good morning Sabrina Draks speaking. How can I help you?
B. Smithson: Good morning Ms Draks. I’m calling you back on behalf of Teddy Klan who’s
away on holiday. He left me a note asking me to get back to you with some
prices on TDA 456s
Sabrina Draks: That’s right. I rang Teddy last week. We’re thinking of upgrading our equipment.
We’re still working with TDA450s. When I spoke to Teddy, he suggested the TDA
456 as the most suitable upgrade.
B. Smithson: Ah yes, absolutely. There are no peripheral changes to be made, and no staff
re-training. It’s the easiest solution. What sort of numbers are we looking at?
Sabrina Draks: Well, we have 60 TDA450s on site, but currently use about 40 of them. What
about prices and delivery times?
B. Smithson: Bought individually the TDA 456s cost 125€. Discounts start with a minimum
order of 10. After that, there is a reduction for every 20 ordered. If you are
currently using 40 then you need to have about 50 in stock, for busy periods.
The company must have originally ordered 60 of the older model because of
the increasing level of discount with every 20 ordered.
Sabrina Draks: I see. The price is a lot higher, all the same. Are there significant differences
compared with the original model?
B. Smithson: Oh, very much so. The speed has been tripled, and the size cut by half, which
makes stocking and transporting them a lot easier. In addition, the lifespan of
the TDA456 has been extended by 5 years.
Sabrina Draks: What sort of discount can I expect for 40 units?
B. Smithson: An initial discount of 5% is given on 10 units. Another 5% is given after that
on each order of 20 units. That’s a 15% reduction on 40 TDA456s. So, that’s
106.25€ per unit, giving a total of 4250€. But, I think you should really consider
ordering 60 units as Teddy told me that in the past you’ve needed up to 58
TDAs running at the same time. This will give you a full 20% discount, bringing
the price down to 100€ per unit. These prices include VAT, delivery and on-site
installation.
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Sabrina Draks: Yes, but as we’re cutting back on powered TDAs, 60 will no longer be necessary
even in our busiest period. It’s true that 40 could be a bit tight though,
especially in the winter season. As we’re one of your most loyal customers and
will probably continue to be so, could we ask for the full 20% discount on 50
units, instead of 60.
B. Smithson: I’m afraid I’ll have to get back to you on that, as I’m only standing in for Teddy.
That’s a decision that’s not in my hands. He’ll be back next Monday. I could get
him to call you then?
Sabrina Draks: Well, I’d like to get this order sorted before then, so if you can phone me back
before next week, I’d appreciate it. If not, it’ll have to wait for Teddy’s return.
By the way, what are the delivery times?
B. Smithson: If you could just hold the line a moment, I’ll check what we have in stock?
Sabrina Draks: OK. I’ll hold.
[Pause]
B. Smithson: Right, let’s see. Um … There’s no problem with delivery. It would take a maximum
of 3 to 4 days. Of course, that’s as stocks stand today. But there shouldn’t be
any delays if your order comes through before the end of next week.
Sabrina Draks: That’ll be fine. Right, thank you. I look forward to hearing from you or Teddy, at
the beginning of next week, and we can sort out the details then.
B. Smithson: Thank you. I’ll try and do my best to get back to you before Friday, if not, Teddy
will phone you on Monday, at the latest. Looking forward to talking to you
again. Bye.
Sabrina Draks: Many thanks, Bye.
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8 A109 LX PA 00 07 séq5.indd 48 27/09/07 17:33:21
Unit 6
Software and sales
Lexique
A
abilities aptitudes à faire quelque chose / capacités
accurate précis / exact
act agir
advice (uncountable!) conseil (un conseil = a piece of advice)
afford se permettre (financier)
aim (at doing / to do) viser (à faire quelque chose)
(not) anymore (ne) …. plus (négation)
astonishing étonnant
auction les enchères
B
behaviour comportement
black noir
blindly aveuglement
board of directors conseil d’administration
booming en plein essor / prospérer
bug bogue / erreur
business-friendly facile à utiliser pour les sociétés / favorable aux
sociétés
button bouton
C
case cas
coin inventer (un mot ou une expression)
connectivity / connectedness liaison, branchement ou raccordement
criteria critères
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Unit 6
D
dedicate dédier
default défaut
delivery livraison
discount remise
display étalage / exposition
E
embrace épouser / embrasser (une idée)
evolve évoluer
explain expliquer
F
feasibility faisabilité / possibilité (de réalisation)
feature caractéristique
feedback retour d’informations / réactions
fix réparer (ici)
flea market marché aux puces
forecast prévisions
freedom liberté
G
glad content / heureux
H
headset casque à écouteurs
hire embaucher (ici)
history (l’) Histoire
hop sautiller
I
incentive motivation
infrared infrarouge
involvement participation
K
‘keep an eye on’ expression : surveiller quelque chose / quelqu’un
king roi
kingdom royaume
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Software and sales
L
league classe / catégorie (ici)
‘line of sight’ (ici) trajet / ligne de mir
low-power puissance basse
M
manage gérer
marketplace place du marché
merchant marchand
momentum vitesse
monetary monétaire / financier
N
niche créneau
O
overheads frais généraux
overlook oublier / négliger
P
pace allure
painless indolore
passkey passe-partout
payment règlement
peer-to-peer pair à pair / P2P / poste à poste
permit permettre
predictive prophétique
prohibit interdire
promote promouvoir
propensity tendance
purchases achats
R
rather than plutôt que
ready prêt
record numbers quantités records
red tape paperasserie
replace remplacer
room pièce (dans une maison, etc.)
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Unit 6
S
sample échantillon
securely de manière sécurisée
set aside mettre de côté
shipping costs frais de transport
shop window vitrine de magasin
short-range à courte portée
similar semblable
slave esclave
slow lent
spread-spectrum spectre étalé / étalement de spectre
state état
stress pression
study (v,n) étudier / étude
survey étude / enquête / sondage
T
talents dons
television set poste de télévision
thief (plural = thieves) voleur
track suivre la trace de
U
ultra-wideband bande ultra large
(act in) unison (agir en) concert
unite unifier
V
value valeur
W
weak faible
whisperer quelqu’un / quelque chose qui murmure
Y
yesterday hier
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Software and sales
LISTENING 1 Buying and selling

D
22, 23, 24
D Conversation A
22
A: I’m interested in buying the black ones, but find the shipping costs from the
US too high.
B: Why don’t you try going onto Ebay and bidding in an auction for them? That
way, you’ll have a lot more choice of where to get them from. You’ll probably
find the same ones at a cheaper price.
A: Yes, but I’m a bit worried about using the auctioning system.
B: Oh, you don’t need to be. There are a lot of security measures to make
people feel safe about using credit cards and the like. You can use Paypal for
the transaction. The customer’s payment information is securely routed through
a network of processors and financial institutions.
A: Sounds OK. Maybe I’ll try it.
DConversation B
23
Brenda: I’d like to start up a business on the internet.

George: In that case, maybe you should check the Ebay website. There’s a lot of
information to help people who are starting up a business. Starting the business
up on Ebay is probably the cheapest and easiest way to go about it.
Brenda: Yes, but I don’t have a website.
George: You don’t need one. If the business takes off, it would be a good idea to have
one later. All you need is an e-mail address.
Brenda: But, how do people pay me?
George: You can use the Paypal system for payment. You send the customer an e-mail
invoice. You can create one using the Paypal website or using Outlook, for
example, or any other email software. The email incorporates a Request Money
option. The customer clicks on the button and pays you through the Paypal
secure website. It’s quick and painless.
Brenda: Is it expensive to set up?

George: Not at all. The basic charge is 3%.
Brenda: Sounds very reasonable.
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Unit 6
D Conversation C
24
Brenda: I’ve been buying and selling over the internet, through Ebay, for nearly a year
now. Business is booming!
GEORGE: Good. What about your overheads?
Brenda: They’re very low. There were no set-up costs, which is a great bonus. It costs
very little to insert items for sale. Ebay takes a fee of about 5.25%. Apart from
that, I was paying the basic 3% charge to use Paypal but now that my sales have
increased I’m eligible for the Merchant Rate which is less than the standard
rate. So, I’ve made gains there.
GEORGE: So, you’re happy with the system.
Brenda: I think it’s great for people starting up. I also get support from Ebay to help me
run my Ebay account. The more I sell the more support I receive. The red tape is
kept to a minimum, and like most people, I really appreciate that.
GEORGE: You appear to have a wide choice of models on the site.
Brenda: Yes. That’s one of the reasons I opted to sell via Ebay. I could never have had so
many different models on display in a shop window. This must be the largest
marketplace in the world
GEORGE: Some people call it the biggest flea market in the world.
Brenda: Yes. That’s much more accurate.
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Software and sales
LISTENING 2 Database marketing

D 25
Brenda: I’ve got a great idea for a new product.

George: You told me about it yesterday, and I’ve been thinking about it. I think you need
to ask yourself if there is a market for it.
Brenda: Yes, I know. I need to do some market research.
George: You mean asking people to fill in questionnaires and such like. That’s very time
consuming and expensive.
Brenda: Not if I use the internet to conduct my research. If I put a questionnaire on the
Web, it won’t cost very much and I’ll reach out to a very wide audience.
George: Hmm. That’s true. If you put a survey on your website, you could ask people a
series of pertinent questions and see what feedback you get.
Brenda: That’s the idea. But first I need to attract people to my website and then find a
way of getting them to complete the survey.
George: If you want to get people to take the time to fill in the questionnaire, you’ll
need to offer some incentive.
Brenda: Such as?
George: Well, you could offer free samples or a discount on future purchases, for
example.
Brenda: OK. Good idea. I’ll think about that. But my main problem is attracting enough
people to the website in the first place. I’m sure there are some of our present
customers who’d be happy to do the survey, but I want to develop a new market.
George: Sounds like database marketing’s the answer.
Brenda: Yes. I can use my existing database of customer information to send out a
personalised email to promote the new idea.
George: What criteria do you use in your existing customer database?
Brenda: We’ve sorted it by geographical areas and transactional history details.
Transactional history is sub-divided into frequency of purchase and monetary
value. That way we can analyse customer behaviour.
George: Sounds good. Have you developed predictive models to forecast how the
customers would be likely to respond to different sales promotions?
Brenda: No. That would take more time and money. It’s mainly the much bigger
organisations that can afford to spend that amount of money on marketing.
They use statistical techniques to rank customers in order of propensity to buy
or to respond to new products. We’re not in the same league.
George: Not yet!
Brenda: You’re right – not yet. If I had more time, I’d use all the customer information to
analyse our customers’ needs.
George: So, buy the databases you need. You can buy customer lists or databases from
other organisations. If I were you, I’d buy a list which has been compiled by a
specialist magazine. You could also get lists from financial institutions based on
credit application forms. What else is there?
55
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Unit 6
Brenda: I know some databases come from application forms filled in by customers for
free products and competitions and the like. I might look at those.
George: Yes, of course. If you do that, you’ll know more about your competition. That’s
essential. You could also try getting information from online networking groups.
But once you’ve got the right database you need to make up a marketing plan.
Brenda: I’ve been working on it. I’ve written a brief description of the product, its
potential benefits and the type of market I’m targeting. Any other ideas?
George: Well, I don’t think you’ve looked at the competition enough. As I said earlier
knowing your opponents is vital. The analysis of the databases you buy will help
you see how the competition markets and sells similar products. That way you
can look for the niches they may have overlooked.
Brenda: Right. Employing database marketing is definitely the way to go.
George: I think so. Also, using the internet for the survey will mean that you should have
a fast response time.
Brenda: As I have so much work to do, I’d better go and get things moving. Bye. And
thanks for the advice.
George: I’m glad I could be of some help. Bye.
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Info file 1
Irregular verbs
Infinitive Past Past participle French Personal notes

be was / were been être
become became become devenir
begin began begun commencer
break broke broken casser
build built built construire
bring brought brought amener
buy bought bought acheter
catch caught caught prendre (ex : un train)
choose chose chosen choisir
come came come venir
cost cost cost coûter
do did done faire
drink drank drunk boire
drive drove driven conduire (ex : voiture)
eat ate eaten manger
fall fell fallen tomber
feel felt felt se sentir
find found found trouver
fly flew flown voler (ex : dans un avion)
forget forgot forgotten oublier
get up got up got up se lever
give gave given donner
go went gone aller
have had had avoir
hear heard heard entendre
hurt hurt hurt faire mal (ex : bras)
keep kept kept garder
know [ nÚ ] knew [ nju… ] known [ nÚn ] connaître, savoir
learn learnt / learned learnt / learned apprendre
leave left left quitter, partir
lose lost lost oublier
make made made fabriquer, faire
mean meant meant vouloir dire
meet met met rencontrer
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Unit 1
pay paid paid payer

put put put poser
read [ ri…d ] read [ red] read [ red ] lire
ride rode ridden aller à cheval, bicyclette...
say said said dire
see saw seen voir
sell sold sold vendre
send sent sent envoyer
show showed shown montrer
sing sang sung chanter
speak spoke spoken parler
spell spelt spelt épeler
spend spent spent passer (du temps…)
swim swam swum nager
take took taken prendre
tell told told dire, raconter
think thought thought penser
understand understood understood comprendre
wear wore worn porter (vêtements)
win won won gagner (ex : un prix)
write wrote written écrire
O Cette liste n'est pas exhaustive : elle concerne les verbes irreguliers utilisés dans ce cours.
Les traductions proposées correspondent au sens le plus usuel.
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Info file 2
American English
Quelques petites différences entre l'anglais britannique et l'anglais américain sont
indiquées dans le cours. Vous en trouverez quelques exemples supplémentaires que
vous pouvez consulter en cas de besoin ci-dessous.
Dates
Rappel : la différence entre les dates britanniques et américaines est peut-être la
différence la plus importante car cela peut entrainer un malentendu : en GB le jour
précède le mois ; aux USA, c'est le contraire.
British English American English
Écrit : 05/10/01= 5th October 2001 Écrit : 05/10/01=10th May 2001

ou 5 October 2001 ou 10 May 2001
Parlé : “the fifth of October two thousand Parlé : “May tenth, two thousand and one.”
and one.” Écrit : 04/14/99 = “14(th) April 1999
Écrit : 14/04/99 = “14(th) April 1999 Parlé : April fourteenth, nineteen ninety-nine”
Parlé : “the fourteenth of April nineteen
ninety-nine”
C'est pourquoi dans ce cours nous vous conseillons d'écrire toujours la date « en
entier » et non pas sous forme abrégée pour éviter une éventuelle confusion.
Vocabulary
Quelques mots sont différents ; voici les plus usuels :
British English American English French

autumn fall automne
bill check note, addition
biscuit cookie biscuit
car park parking lot parking
chemist's drugstore pharmacie
chips French fries frites
engaged busy occupé (téléphone)
film movie film (cinéma)
flat apartment appartement
floor storey étage (dans un immeuble)
ground floor first floor rez-de-chaussée
holiday vacation vacances
lift elevator ascenseur
lorry truck camion
motorway freeway autoroute
pavement sidewalk trottoir
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Unit 1
petrol gas essence (pour une voiture)

postcode zip code code postal
queue line file d'attente
railway railroad chemin de fer
roundabout traffic circle rondpoint
rubbish trash, garbage ordures
shop store magasin
toilet bathroom, restroom toilettes
trolley cart chariot (supermarché)
trousers pants pantalon
undergound subway métro
Grammar
Quelques différences à noter :
• Present perfect & Past simple

Dans les contextes où on utilise le « present perfect » en Grande-Bretagne, on
a tendance à utiliser le « past simple » aux États-Unis. Mais les deux fomes sont
possibles aux États-Unis.
Have you ever played cricket? id you ever play baseball? (OR: Have you
D
He has never eaten bacon before. ever played baseball?)
He never ate bagels before. (OR: He has never
eaten bagels before.)
• Prépositions
Quelques différences…
towards the south toward the south

He'll be away from Monday to/till Thursday. He'll be away from Monday through Thursday.
at the weekend, at weekends on the weekend, on weekends
a player in a team a player on a team
twenty minutes past five twenty minutes past/after five
ten to eight ten to/of eight
write to me write me
meet someone meet with someone
talk to someone talk with someone
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Spelling
Quelques petites différences, ex :
centre center
metre meter
colour color
travelling traveling
Pronunciation
On dit souvent que l'accent américain est plus difficile à comprendre que l'anglais
britannique, mais cela dépend de beaucoup d'éléments (région, débit…).
Vous pouvez vous habituer, par exemple, en regardant des films américains en VO et en
regardant à la télé les actualités de la chaîne CNN par exemple (le matin sur Canal +).
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Unit 1
Info file 3
Numbers, alphabet and time

Voici une source d'informations pratiques que vous pouvez consulter si vous en avez
besoin. Il s'agit de :
• Numbers
• The alphabet
• The time
Numbers
• Cardinal and ordinal numbers
Cardinal Ordinal Cardinal Ordinal
1 one 1st first 18 eighteen 18th eighteenth
2 two 2nd second 19 nineteen 19th nineteenth
3 three 3rd third 20 twenty 20th twentieth
4 four 4th fourth 21 twenty-one 21st twenty-first
5 five 5th fifth 22 twenty-two 22nd twenty-second
6 six 6th sixth 23 twenty-three 23rd twenty-third
7 seven 7th seventh 24 twenty-four 24th twenty-fourth
8 eight 8th eighth 25 twenty-five 25th twenty-fifth
9 nine 9th ninth 30 thirty 30th thirtieth
10 ten 10th tenth 40 forty 40th fortieth
11 eleven 11th eleventh 50 fifty 50th fiftieth
12 twelve 12th twelfth 60 sixty 60th sixtieth
13 thirteen 13th thirteenth 70 seventy 70th seventieth
14 fourteen 14th fourteenth 80 eighty 80th eightieth
15 fifteen 15th fifteenth 90 ninety 90th ninetieth
16 sixteen 16th sixteenth 100 a/one hundred 100th hundredth
17 seventeen 17th seventeenth
• Larger cardinal numbers

1,000 a/one thousand
1,000,000 a/one million
1,000,000,000 a/one thousand million (GB) / a billion (US)*
1,000,000,000,000 a/one billion (GB) / a trillion (US)*
*Suite aux conseils donnaient par The Bank of England les usages américains étaient adoptés
officiellement dans les dernières années du 20e siècle. Cependant les britanniques continuent à
utiliser les usages traditionnels dans la langue courante…donc, en cas de doute, il faut vérifier !
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En anglais britannique, les virgules s’utilisent pour séparer les centaines (et non pas
O pour la décimale, comme en français).
Exemples d’autres chiffres :
On dit :
200 two hundred.
250 two hundred and fifty.
3,060 three thousand and sixty
40,700 forty thousand seven hundred
306,204 three hundred and six thousand two hundred and four
O Àdevant
noter aussi: en anglais britannique, quand on a de grands chiffres, on utilise “and”
les chiffres inférieurs à 100 dans les tranches de 100.
Exemple :
6,990,990 six million, nine hundred and ninety thousand, nine hundred and ninety.
The alphabet
Pour vous aider à prononcer les lettres…
A (m)ay B be C see D dee(p) E (m)e Z zed (US: zee)
F ef G dji H eitch I I (am) J jay
K kay L èl M èm N èn Oô
P pea Q kyou R âh S ès T tea
U you V vee W double you X ex Y why
Les lettres groupées selon leur prononciation…
/eI/ /i…/ /e/ /aI/ /ju…/ /Ú/ /A…/
A B F I Q O R
H C L Y U
J D M W
K E N
G S
P X
T Z
V
Si vous avez des difficultés avec certaines lettres, essayez de trouver un « truc »
personnel qui va vous aider à les prononcer, par exemple, pour « I » :
« I » se prononce comme « eye » ou « aie! ».
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Unit 1
The time
Il y a trois façons de dire l'heure en anglais.
La première :
o'clock
five to five past
ten to ten past
quarter to quarter past
twenty to twenty past
twenty-five to twenty-five past
half past
Par exemple : 2.00 two o’clock *

3.15 (a) quarter past three
4.30 half past four
5.45 (a) quarter to six
Au lieu de past et to, les Américains utilisent également after et till ou of

3.15 quarter after three
5.45 quarter till six ou quarter of six
MAIS : 3.02 two minutes past three

3.04 four minutes past three
3.34 twenty-six minutes to four
*On utilise o’clock uniquement pour l’heure ... Dans des situations informelles et quand le contexte
est sans ambigüité, on peut choisir de ne pas dire o’clock.
I got home at two (sous-entendu°: this morning ou this afternoon)
*On n’utilise pas o’clock avec am = in the morning (le matin) et pm = in the afternoon / evening
(l’après-midi / le soir), et on ne l’écrit pas après les chiffres 00.
six o’clock pm 6.00 o’clock
La deuxième :
On dit les numéros tel qu’on les voit..

Par exemple : 2.00 two o’clock
3.15 three fifteen
4.30 four thirty
5.45 five forty-five
Ici le système est construit sur la base de 12 heures.
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Presenting companies, department and jobs
La troisième :
Ce système basé sur les 24 heures, est le plus souvent utilisé pour les horaires (train, bus et
avion)
Par exemple : 15.30 fifteen thirty
09.45 oh nine forty five
09.00 oh nine hundred hours
Faites bien attention à bien écrire l’heure à l’anglaise, donc 6.30 (06.30) et non pas
O 6h30
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BTS Services informatiques aux organisations – 1re année

Conseils pour apprendre du vocabulaire 04

Unit 2 : IT evolution: problems and solutions 13

Unit 3 : Intra & inter...net 21

Unit 5 : Storage and outsourcing 39

Unit 6 : Software and sales 49

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Exemple pour le thème transport

bus bus (n)

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rising qui monte

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LISTENING 1 Presenting and IS department

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LISTENING 2 An IS manager’s typical day

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LISTENING 1 A problem and its solution

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LISTENING 2 A company’s IT evolution

A: How has your company kept up with changes in Information Technology?

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sounding qui sonne

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LISTENING 1 Search engines

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LISTENING 2 Ins and Outs of CAT (computer assisted translation)

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genuine authentique / vrai

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small fry menu fretin

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LISTENING 1 Data protection and electronic signatures

Sonia: Right, what’s the next item on the agenda?

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LISTENING 2 Hacking and a hacker’s advice

Interviewer: So, when did you start hacking, and why?

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LISTENING 1 A small business – planning I.S. growth

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