16 2.

2 1
20 1.9 2.8 2
25 2.3 3.5 3
32 1.8 2.9 4.4 4
40 1.8 2.3 3.7 5.5 5
50 1.8 2.0 2.9 4.6 6.9 6
63 1.8 2.0 2.5 3.6 5.8 8.6 7
75 1.9 2.3 2.9 4.3 6.8 10.3 8
90 2.2 2.8 3.5 5.1 8.2 12.3 9
110 2.7 3.4 4.2 6.3 10.0 15.1 10
125 3.1 3.9 4.8 7.1 11.4 17.1 11
140 3.5 4.3 5.4 8.0 12.7 19.2 12
160 4.0 4.9 6.2 9.1 14.6 21.9 13
180 4.4 5.5 6.9 10.2 16.4 24.6 14
200 4.9 6.2 7.7 11.4 18.2 27.4 15
225 5.5 6.9 8.6 12.8 20.5 30.8 16
250 6.2 7.7 9.6 14.2 22.7 34.2 17
280 6.9 8.6 10.7 15.9 25.4 38.3 18
315 7.7 9.7 12.1 17.9 28.6 43.1 19
355 8.7 10.9 13.6 20.1 32.2 48.5 20
400 9.8 12.3 15.3 22.7 36.3 54.7 21
450 11.0 13.8 17.2 25.5 40.9 61.5 22
500 12.3 15.3 19.1 28.4 45.4 68.3 23
560 13.7 17.2 21.4 31.7 50.8 24
630 15.4 19.3 24.1 35.7 57.2 25
710 17.4 21.8 27.2 40.2 64.5 26
800 19.6 24.5 30.6 45.3 27
900 22.0 27.6 34.4 51.0 28
1000 24.5 30.6 38.2 56.7 29
1100 26.9 33.7 42.0 62.4 30
1200 29.4 36.7 45.9 68.0 31
1400 34.4 42.9 53.5 32
1600 39.2 49.0 61.2 33
Dn [mm] 2 1/2 3.2 4 6 10 16
Presiones nominales PN [bar]
HDPE PE80 DIN 8074 / ISO 4427
Espesor [mm]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
2

3 Pipe Thickness [mm], according ASME B36.10M

4
5 ASME B36.10M SCHEDULE / IDENTIFICATION
6 Size dext 5 10 20 30 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 STD XS XXS 6.35
7 1/2 21.3 1.65 2.11 - 2.41 2.77 - 3.73 - 0 - 4.78 2.77 3.73 7.47 -
8 3/4 26.7 1.65 2.11 - 2.41 2.87 - 3.91 - 0 - 5.56 2.87 3.91 7.82 -
9 1 33.4 1.65 2.77 - 2.9 3.38 - 4.55 - 0 - 6.35 3.38 4.55 9.09 -
10 1 1/4 42.2 1.65 2.77 2.97 3.56 4.85 6.35 3.56 4.85 9.7 -
11 1 1/2 48.3 1.65 2.77 - 3.18 3.68 - 5.08 - 0 - 7.14 3.68 5.08 10.15 -
12 2 60.3 1.65 2.77 - 3.18 3.91 - 5.54 - 0 - 8.74 3.91 5.54 11.07 -
13 2 1/2 73 2.11 3.05 4.78 5.16 7.01 9.53 5.16 7.01 14.02 -
14 3 88.9 2.11 3.05 - 4.78 5.49 - 7.62 - 0 - 11.13 5.49 7.62 15.24 -
15 3 1/2 101.6 2.11 3.05 4.78 5.74 8.08 5.74 8.08 -
16 4 114.3 2.11 3.05 - 4.78 6.02 - 8.56 - 11.13 - 13.49 6.02 8.56 17.12 -
17 5 141.3 2.77 3.4 - - 6.55 - 9.53 - 12.7 - 15.88 6.55 9.53 19.05 -
18 6 168.3 2.77 3.4 - - 7.11 - 10.97 - 14.27 - 18.26 7.11 10.97 21.95 -
19 8 219.1 2.77 3.76 6.35 7.04 8.18 10.31 12.7 15.09 18.26 20.62 23.01 8.18 12.7 22.23 -
20 10 273 3.4 4.19 6.35 7.8 9.27 12.7 15.09 18.26 21.44 25.4 28.58 9.27 12.7 25.4 -
21 12 323.8 3.96 4.57 6.35 8.38 10.31 14.27 17.48 21.44 25.4 28.58 33.32 9.53 12.7 25.4 -
22 14 355.6 3.96 6.35 7.92 9.53 11.13 15.09 19.05 23.83 27.79 31.75 35.71 9.53 12.7 - -
23 16 406.4 4.19 6.35 7.92 9.53 12.7 16.66 21.44 26.19 30.96 36.53 40.49 9.53 12.7 - -
24 18 457 4.19 6.35 7.92 11.13 14.27 19.05 23.83 29.36 34.93 39.67 45.24 9.53 12.7 - -
25 20 508 4.78 6.35 9.53 12.7 15.09 20.62 26.19 32.54 38.1 44.45 50.01 9.53 12.7 - -
26 22 559 4.78 6.35 9.53 12.7 - 22.23 28.58 34.93 41.28 47.63 53.98 9.53 12.7 - -
27 24 610 5.54 6.35 9.53 14.27 17.48 24.61 30.96 38.89 46.02 52.37 59.54 9.53 12.7 - -
28 26 660 - 7.92 12.7 15.88 - - - - - - - 9.53 12.7 - -
29 28 711 - 7.92 12.7 - - - - - - - - 9.53 12.7 - -
30 30 762 6.35 7.92 12.7 15.88 - - - - - - - 9.53 12.7 - -
31 32 813 - 7.92 12.7 15.88 17.48 - - - - - - 9.53 12.7 - -
32 34 864 - 7.92 12.7 15.88 17.48 - - - - - - 9.53 12.7 - -
33 36 914 - 7.92 12.7 15.88 19.05 - - - - - - 9.53 12.7 - -
34 38 965 - - - - - - - - - - - 9.53 12.7 - -
35 40 1016 - - - - - - - - - - - 9.53 12.7 - -
36 42 1067 - - - - - - - - - - - 9.53 12.7 - -
37 44 1118 - - - - - - - - - - - 9.53 12.7 - -
38 46 1168 - - - - - - - - - - - 9.53 12.7 - -
39 48 1219.2 - - - - - - - - - - - 9.53 12.7 - -
Water Hammer of a Gravitational Adduction
Tables
Table 1.Data Input and Help Variables for Joukovsky Pressure Calculation

Table 2. Joukovsky Pressure and Critical Time

Table 3. Piezometric head, Static and Dynamic Pressures

Tables 4 and 5 for Maximum and Minimum Pressures for "Quick Closing" and "Slo

Equations

Joukovsky
 Rev. cjc. 08.08.2016

y Pressure Calculation

es for "Quick Closing" and "Slow Closing"

Water Hammer of a Gravitational Adduction

Data Input

Water flow rate Q= 360 m³/h

Water density r= 1000 kg/m³
Acceleration of gravity g= 9.8 m/s²
Bulk modulus of water K= 2.07E+09 Pa
Pipe material Carbon steel

Steel elasticity modulus Et = 2.06E+11 Pa

Material cte. Hazem-Williams e C= 100
Heigth above sea level H= 4,768 m.a.s.l.
Maximum water level in tank Z0_max = 4,778 m.a.s.l.
Minimum water level in tank Z0_min = 4,768 m.a.s.l.
Singular losses percentage of frictional losses
% Loss= 3 %

Table 1.Data Input and Help Variables for Joukovsky Pressure Calculation
Eq. 1 Eq. 2
Node Section L Z dn sch de Thickness
m m.a.s.l. in - mm mm
0 4768
1 (0 - 1) 257 4747 12 20 #VALUE! #VALUE!
2 (1 - 2) 257 4726 12 20 #VALUE! 6.35
3 (2 - 3) 257 4709 12 20 #VALUE! 6.35
4 (3 - 4) 257 4693 12 20 #VALUE! 6.35
5 (4 - 5) 257 4683 12 20 #VALUE! 6.35
6 (5 - 6) 257 4662 12 20 #VALUE! 6.35
7 (6 - 7) 257 4647 12 20 #VALUE! 6.35
8 (7 - 8) 257 4634 12 20 #VALUE! 6.35
9 (8 - 9) 257 4629 12 20 #VALUE! 6.35
10 (9 -10) 257 4625 12 20 #VALUE! 6.35
2566.0
L =S Li

Table 2. Joukovsky Pressure and Critical Time

Lt a) Equivalent celerity Eq. (a)

aeq = (a) aeq= Lt / ( SLi/ai )
Li
∑a Lt = 2566.0
i S Li/ai = #VALUE!
aeq= #VALUE!
 L⋅Q
v eq = (b ) b) Equivalent velocity Eq. (b)
∑ Li⋅Ai veq= Q *L / (S Li * Ai )
Q= 0.1
L= 2566.0
S Li/Ai = #VALUE!
veq= #VALUE!

Table 3. Piezometric hea

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Node Section Q (m3/h) Length Cumulative Ground Pipe nominal diameter

length elevation and schedule
L Lcum Z dn
(m) (m) (m) in
0 0.0 4700.0 4768.0
1 (0 - 1) 360 256.6 4956.6 4747.0 12
2 (1 - 2) 360 256.6 5213.2 4726.0 12
3 (2 - 3) 360 256.6 5469.8 4709.0 12
4 (3 - 4) 360 256.6 5726.4 4693.0 12
5 (4 - 5) 360 256.6 5983.0 4683.0 12
6 (5 - 6) 360 256.6 6239.6 4662.0 12
7 (6 - 7) 360 256.6 6496.2 4647.0 12
8 (7 - 8) 360 256.6 6752.8 4634.0 12
9 (8 - 9) 360 256.6 7009.4 4629.0 12
10 (9 - 10) 360 256.6 7266.0 4625.0 12

Tables 4 and 5 for Maximum and Minimum

hQC = aeq * Dveq / g Eq. 11

 Table 4. Quick Closing (Joukovsky): hQC
t Pdyn hQC = Pmáx Pmín
Eq. 11 Pdyn + h Pdyn - h
(s) (mca) (kpa) mca mca kpa (g) mca
### #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Pdyn_10 = hQC = Pmax_QC Note 1
(Table 3.b) (Table 2.e)

Note 1. The physically possible minimum value of this pressure is - 1 atm (g). At sea
level the minimum would be a gauge pressure of - 10.33 mca.
Any value less than the water vapor saturation pressure will produce a
"Vapor volume" in the pipe. The saturation pressure is 1.23

Maximum allowed pressure for Dynamic pressure

selected carbon steel pipe From Table 3, Result (b)
Pdyn_10 = #VALUE!
Pipe maximum allowed pressure
dn = 12 in Pressure change due to a sudden
sch = 20 change. Eq. 11
de = #VALUE! mm Valid for t <= tc
s= #VALUE! mm hQC = aeq * Dveq / g
Pmax = sallow* E /(de/(2*s)-Y)

t <= 38 ªC Maximum pressure

sallow = 138 MPa Pmáx = Pdyn + h
E= 1
Y= 0.4 Minimum pressure
Pmax = #VALUE! Mpa Pmin = Pdyn - h
Pmax = #VALUE! bar
Pmax = #VALUE! kPa
Ref. See "www.piping-tools.net"
Pipe_maximum_alowable_pressures_for_A53_A106_and_API_5L.xlsm
Pipe_Wall_Thickness_Calculation_according_ASME_B31_3.xlsm
 Pipe with 10 sections, that can have different lengths and diameters
Dimensions are automatically calculated for CS with given nominal
diameters and schedules
Friction loss is calculated with Hazem-Williams equation
0

10 Suden and slow closing of valve

Note
Taken from a project, source of anonymous author

Pressure Calculation
Eq. 3 Eq. 4 Eq. 5
di Q A v Li*Ai Li*vi ai
mm m m³/s m² m/s m³ m³/s m/s

#VALUE! #VALUE! 0.1 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!

#VALUE! #VALUE! 0.1 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! 0.1 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! 0.1 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! 0.1 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! 0.1 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! 0.1 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! 0.1 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! 0.1 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! 0.1 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE!
S Li*Ai = S Li*vi =

celerity Eq. (a) c) Pressure increment d) Critical time

(calculated with Joukovsky elasticity) tc =
m theory Lt =
h= ( aeq * Dveq ) / g aeq=
m/s aeq= #VALUE! m/s tc =
 veq= #VALUE! m/s
velocity Eq. (b) h= #VALUE! m
*L / (S Li * Ai ) h= #VALUE! bar
m³/s

1/m
m/s

Table 3. Piezometric head, Static and Dynamic Pressures

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Eq. 3 Eq. 6 Eq. 7 Eq. 3 Eq.8 Eq. 9
Pipe nominal diameter Interior diameter Unit Pressure Velocity Piezometric Static
and schedule p. loss loss head pressure
sch di Jf DP v CP Pest
- mm m m/m (m) (m/s) (m) (mca)
0.00 4778 10.00
20 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 31.00
20 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 52.00
20 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 69.00
20 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 85.00
20 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 95.00
20 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 116.00
20 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 131.00
20 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 144.00
20 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 149.00
20 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! 153.00
CP10 =
(a) Value required in Graphics J64

Pdin =
Value required in Tables 4 and 5

or Maximum and Minimum Pressures for "Quick Closing" and "Slow Closing"

hSC = 2 * Leq * Dveq / (g * t)

 Table 5. Slow Closing (Michaud): hSC
Pmín t Pdyn (Note) hSC = Pmax
Pdyn - h Eq. 12 Pdyn_10 + h
kpa (g) (s) (mca) kpa (g) mca (mca) kpa (g)
-261 Pdyn_10 = hSC =
ote 1 8 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
10 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
20 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
atm (g). At sea 30 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
40 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
50 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
kPa 60 #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
(Table 3.b)

Since the critical time tc = #VALUE! [s], a conservative time, a value

above this value has to be selected.
Let t= 20 s

If the selected detention time is t= 20 s

the transient maximum and minimum pressures are
Pmax = #VALUE! mca
Pmin = #VALUE! mca

Notes
- These pressures will dampen much earlier than indicated in the table,
since it does not consider energy losses. Thus, the table gives
conservative values.
- For an estimation of detention times, see
www.piping-tools.net
Pump. Detention time of a pump impulsion system
 .2016 Eq. 1
Pipe outside diameter
1 de = Pipe_Imp_CS_Dext_dn
nt lengths and diameters
CS with given nominal Eq. 2
Pipe thickness
ams equation s= Pipe_Imp_CS_Thickness_dn_sch

Eq. 3
Pipe inside diameter
uden and slow closing of valve di = Pipe_Imp_CS_Dint_dn_sch

Eq. 4
Flow velocity
v= Q/A

Eq. 5
Celerity
Eq.6 Eq. 7 a = ( ( K / r ) / ( 1 + (K/Et ) * (d/s ) ) )^0.5
Li/ai Jf DP
s m/m m Eq. 6
Unit friction loss (Hazem-Williams)
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! Jf = A * Q^m / (C^m * D^n)
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! Hazem-Williams equation constants
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! m= 1.852
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! n= 4.869
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! A= 10.665
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! C= 100 (Data)
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! Eq. 7
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! Total pressure loss
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! DP = DPf + DPs
#VALUE! DPf = J*L
S Li/ai = DPs = DPf * %Loss
DPs = J * L * %Loss
DP = J * L * (1 + %Loss/100)

Eq. 8
3 Piezometric head 4800
Critical time CPi = CPi-1 -DPi m Z0_max = 4,778 m

2 * Lt /aeq 4750
2566.0 m Eq. 9
#VALUE! m/s Static pressure 4700
#VALUE! s Pest Z0_max - Z
4650

4600
 4750

4700

Z0_max : Max. water level in tank 4650

Z: Ground elevation
4600
Eq. 10
Dynamic preessure 4550
Pdyn = CP - Z
4500
Eq. 11 4700.0 5200.0 57
Joukovsky
Pressure change due to a sudden
change.
Valid for t <= tc
4 hQC = aeq * Dveq / g
aeq = #VALUE! m/s
16 Dveq = #VALUE! m/s
Eq. 10 hQC = #VALUE! m
Dynamic
pressure Eq. 12
Pdyn Michaud
(mca) hSC = 2 * Leq * Dveq / (g * t)
10.00 Leq = 0.0 m
#VALUE! Dveq = #VALUE! m/s
#VALUE! t= 8 s
#VALUE! hSC = 86.0 m
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE! (b)
CPdyn_10 =
Maximum
dynamic
pressure
CP - Z m
lue required in Tables 4 and 5

Local atmospheric pressure

5 p= 101,325* (1 -2,25577E-5 * H)^5,25588

Eq. 12 H= 4,768 m.a.s.l.

 p= 55.716 kPa
hSC The Engineering Toolbox
Pmin http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/air-altitude-pressure-d_462.html

Pdyn_10 - h
(mca) kpa (g) Water vapor pressure [3]

#VALUE! #VALUE! Psat = Exp(ca / tK + cb + cc * tK + cd * tK ^ 2 + ce * tK ^ 3 + cf * Ln(tK))

#VALUE! #VALUE! t= 10 °C
#VALUE! #VALUE! tk = 283.2 K
#VALUE! #VALUE! ca = -5800.2
#VALUE! #VALUE! cb = -5.5
#VALUE! #VALUE! cc = -0.05
#VALUE! #VALUE! cd = 4.2E-05
ce = -1.4E-08
cf = 6.5
Psat = 1.228 kPa
Psat = 1228 Pa

, a conservative time, a value

4800
Z0_max = 4,778 m

4750 DP

4700 Pstat
Pdyn
CP
4650
Z

4600
4750

4700
Pdyn
CP
4650
Z

4600

4550

4500
4700.0 5200.0 5700.0 6200.0 6700.0 7200.0 7700.0
Equivalent celerity
L1 L2 L3 L4
The time τ i reqquired by the wave
to travell across a pipe elelement
of length L i , when the celerity
in the element is a i
Li
τ i=
ai A1 A2 A3 A4
For n pipe elements in series, the v2 v3 v4 v5
time required for the wave is
Li
τ =∑
ai
This time can be defined as
the time required by the
wave to travell through
the total pipe length L t at a
celerity with an equivalent
value aeq
Thus Lt
Lt Li aeq = (a)
=∑ Li
a ew ai
and therefore the equivalent
∑a
i
celerity is
Lt
aeq = ( a) Microsoft Equation
3.0

Li
∑a
i
Equivalent velocity
Q = v eq⋅A eq
L=τ⋅veq
L
v eq =
τ

Li
τi=
vi
Li Li
τ =∑ =∑ =∑
vi Q
Ai
Li⋅A i
τ =∑
Q

L L
v eq = =
τ Li⋅Ai
∑Q
L⋅Q
v eq = (b ) L⋅Q
∑ Li⋅A i v eq = (b )
∑ Li⋅Ai
Microsoft Equation
3.0
Water hammer

Operating pressure and flowrate Pipe section area

pop = 13.8 bar A= (pi()/4)*d^2
Q= 635.9 m /h 3
d= #VALUE! m
A= #VALUE! m2
Pipe data
Material: Carbon Steel Fluid velocity
dn = 12 in v= Q/A
sch = 40 - Q= 0.1766 m3/s
L= 1524.0 m A= #VALUE! m2
Steel pipe elasticity module v= #VALUE! m/s
Et = 2,059,397 bar
s Water speed of sound
Bulk modulus and density of water
K=
r=
20,684
1,000
bar
kg/m³
c=
√ K
ρ
c: speed of sound (m/s)
2.- Auxiliary variables
K: water bulk modulus (Pa)
Pipe dimensions r: water density (kg/m³)
di = Pipe_Imp_CS_Dint_dn_sch c (K / r )^0.5
di = #VALUE! mm K= 2.1E+09 Pa
s= Pipe_Imp_CS_Thickness_dn_sch r= 1000 kg/m³
s= #VALUE! mm c= 1438.2 m/s
3.- Celerity 4.- Velocity change 6.- Total pressure developed

c Initial velocity ptot =

a=

√(
vi = #VALUE! m/s pop =
1+
K d
⋅
Et s ) Final velocity
vf = 0.00 m/s
h=
ptot =
Velocity change
a : celerity (wave velocity) (m/s) Dv = vf - vi m/s Steel elasticity modulus
c: speed of sound (m/s) Dv = #VALUE! m/s Et =
d: inside pipe diameter (mm) Et =
s: minimum wall thickness (mm) 5.- Pressure increment due to water Et =
K: water bulk modulus (bar) hammer produced by a sudden shutoff.
a= c / (1 + (K/Et) * (d/s) )^(0.5) Bulk modulus of water
c= 1438.2 m/s The pressure increment can be K=
K= 2.1E+09 Pa calculated with Joukovsky elasticity K=
Et = 2.1E+11 Pa theory
d= #VALUE! mm
s= #VALUE! mm h= (- a * Dv ) / g
a= #VALUE! m/s a= #VALUE! m/s
Dv = #VALUE! m/s
h= 718 m
h= 70.4 bar g=
 Rev. cjc. 08.08.2016

- Total pressure developed

pop + h
13.8 bar
70.4 bar
84.2 bar

eel elasticity modulus

2.10E+06 kp/cm²
2.06E+11 Pa
2.1E+06 bar

ulk modulus of water

2.1E+09 Pa
20,684 bar

Microsoft Editor de
ecuaciones 3.0

9.81 m/s²
[1] Universidad de Buenos Aires
http://escuelas.fi.uba.ar/iis/GOLPE%20DE%20ARIETE.pdf
Microsoft Equation
3.0

Microsoft Equation
3.0
Microsoft Equation
3.0

Microsoft Equation
3.0