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Géophysique appliquée 2
Été 2023
Plan du cours
1
Résumé du dernier cours
Mécanismes de conduction
• Conduction électronique:
• Signi cative en présence de métaux uniquement
• Conduction ionique:
• en présence d’une solution électrolytique dans les pores
• déplacement des ions par diffusion
• Conduction de surface
• Conduction dans la double couche d’Helmoltz
• Proportionnelle à la surface spéci que des pores
• Devient signi cative dans les silts et argiles
2
fi
fi
fi
Résumé du dernier cours
Loi d’Archie
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<latexit sha1_base64="qmF9fO+QqYDZMxSLE1X5crSTKc4=">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</latexit>
• <latexit sha1_base64="8TSkApQwD6pZNjwDTcWkCX8nmLg=">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</latexit>
: Facteur de formation
• <latexit sha1_base64="I7S4RdqYrkhLoKPGJVj6Q5nqrbs=">AAADbniclVJdSxtBFD3J1mpTbbUFX0rp0lAQH8JGKPUx0Jc+KhgVNJTddWIG94vd2VgJ/gVf27/Wf9C+9Sd47u2mKCLVWTZ759xzztx7M1GR2MoFwc9W23uy8HRx6Vnn+fLKi5era6/2q7wuYzOM8yQvD6OwMonNzNBZl5jDojRhGiXmIDr7LPmDqSkrm2d77qIwozQ8zezYxqET6LiY2K+r3aC39THg8u8G/V6gq4tm7eRrrU0c4wQ5YtRIYZDBMU4QouJzhD4CFMRGmBErGVnNG1yiQ21NliEjJHrG31Pujho04148K1XHPCXhW1Lp4wM1OXklYznN13ytzoLe5z1TT6ntgt+o8UqJOkyI/k83Zz5UJ704jLGtPVj2VCgi3cWNS61Tkcr9G105OhTEJD5hvmQcq3I+Z181lfYusw01/0uZgso+brg1fjdVZkTOdVqp1p/RfUZcmFNWJP/ZSBHxGesZ4htR8U1xcay0SvNvAoJPlfl4ZZcnXt54OryH88vm3x/sb/X6Qa+/G3QHg+ZGLuEN3mODfp8wwBfsYMgKJrjCd/xo//HWvbfeu7/UdqvRvMat5W1cAyqpsXc=</latexit>
: Porosité
• <latexit sha1_base64="WXhHCnW02YAwnwKFJ8NHU7WfHro=">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</latexit>
: Saturation en eau
3
Résumé du dernier cours
• Le potentiel électrocinétique
• Le potentiel de minéralisation
• Le potentiel bioélectrique
4
Le potentiel électrique terrestre
Potentiel électrocinétique
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<latexit sha1_base64="t0BiYpLTeyISMXDNx58wctpcnfE=">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</latexit>
: Pression
: Potentiel d’adsorption
: Viscosité du uide
<latexit sha1_base64="txvVd2naHGShKw8+MPbnH8LHKd8=">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</latexit>
: Permittivité électrique
<latexit sha1_base64="PfO0+WW9Ls3IA73eUlO8IxGgHWk=">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</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="4cEg8NQ4c0xf/FLe8U38aYu7KkY=">AAADcniclVLbahRBED274yWulyT6pi+jiyAiy2xA9HHBFx8juMlCssjMpDc2mRvTPZuEJT/hq/6Yf6DvfoCnil6JSFC7mZnqU3VOV9VU1hTW+ST52utH167fuLlxa3D7zt17m1vb9/dc3bW5meZ1UbezLHWmsJWZeusLM2tak5ZZYfazkzfi31+a1tm6eu/PGzMv0+PKLmyeekKzQ9M4W9TVh61hMtp5mXDFfxrjUaJriLB26+3ecxziCDVydChhUMHTLpDCcR9gjAQNsTlWxFpaVv0GFxiQ2zHKMCIlesL3MU8HAa14Fk2n7Jy3FHxaMmM8JadmXEtbbovV36myoFdpr1RTcjvnNwtaJVGPj0T/xltH/itPavFY4LXWYFlTo4hUlweVTrsimceXqvJUaIiJfUR/SztX5rrPsXKc1i69TdX/TSMFlXMeYjt8D1lWRE61W6XmX1F9RVwil8xI/tlcEdFZ6B2im5FxprgoOs3S/OqA4EuN/H/mkDdeXNoDzuF62OKrjb2d0TgZjd8lw8kkTOQGHuEJnlHvFSZ4i11Mddo+4TO+9H9ED6PHURjffi9wHuC3Fb34CQTWs1g=</latexit>
5
https://wiki.anton-paar.com/en/zeta-potential/
ff
fl
ff
Résumé du dernier cours
7
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
Principes de base
Contrairement à la méthode du potentiel spontané, les mesures DC sont des
méthodes actives.
8
9
Pour mettre en oeuvre une méthode DC, il faut
comprendre:
10
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
milieu homogène
de résistivité ρ
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• Le potentiel électrique
Courant
Potentiel C1
<latexit sha1_base64="UVxRq7qEtx/WlVBEQ5P8iei79BA=">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</latexit>
• La densité de courant:
<latexit sha1_base64="U60VyG8Y9URSeXrmJjDpm9yURMA=">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</latexit>
11
fi
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
nulle
milieu homogène
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de résistivité ρ
<latexit sha1_base64="7/ifcuTDl1YWXSIZEOFoUPJdPI8=">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</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="L0rE9mvd0mkZKEXssa9HrpsWALQ=">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</latexit>
12
fi
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
nulle
milieu homogène
<latexit sha1_base64="Ie5Ana3m+J7vA1ouNr9WT2bZNi8=">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</latexit>
de résistivité ρ
<latexit sha1_base64="/gJsY3Fcnr32X5CxI9c3DBIDQDw=">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</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="7/ifcuTDl1YWXSIZEOFoUPJdPI8=">AAAD5niclVJNb9NAEB3XUEr4aApHLisiUAEROREILkiREBLHIpG0Uh2qtbNJrfpL9jpQovwFbogrf4sbR/gXvJluUCpUAWs5nn3z3tuZyUZlmtQ2CL55G/6ly5tXtq62rl2/cXO7vXNrVBdNFZthXKRFdRDp2qRJboY2sak5KCujsyg1+9HJS87vz01VJ0X+1p6WZpzpWZ5Mk1hbQEftj2Guo1SrMJ4UVu2GdTLLdFhm0eLV8oG6/0IFKgxb50mPHesMHDFtjeWSTF0x1CO1LnnXH7HkqN0Juv2nAZb6M+h1A1kdcmuv2PEeUkgTKiimhjIylJNFnJKmGs8h9SigEtiYFsAqRInkDS2pBW0DlgFDAz3B7wy7Q4fm2LNnLeoYp6R4KygV3YOmAK9CzKcpyTfizOhF3gvx5NpO8Y2cVwbU0jHQv+lWzH/VcS+WpvRcekjQUykIdxc7l0amwpWrta4sHEpgHE+QrxDHolzNWYmmlt55tlryP4TJKO9jx23op6syB/JeppVJ/TncF8CZOUdF/J+NBWGfqZzBvhEUHwRnx1qqNL8nwPhcmP+v7ODE5drTwj1cXTZ1cTDqd3tBt/fmSWcwcDdyi+7QXdqF3zMa0GvaoyEq+O5tette2z/2P/mf/S9n1A3PaW7TueV//QXCVtjy</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="L0rE9mvd0mkZKEXssa9HrpsWALQ=">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</latexit>
13
fi
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
nulle
milieu homogène
<latexit sha1_base64="Ie5Ana3m+J7vA1ouNr9WT2bZNi8=">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</latexit>
de résistivité ρ
<latexit sha1_base64="/gJsY3Fcnr32X5CxI9c3DBIDQDw=">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</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="7/ifcuTDl1YWXSIZEOFoUPJdPI8=">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</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="L0rE9mvd0mkZKEXssa9HrpsWALQ=">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</latexit>
14
fi
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
Courant
<latexit sha1_base64="zCi5GqN/Rf6sPINiELCSIrqsF3M=">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</latexit>
Potentiel C1
15
fi
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
milieu homogène
<latexit sha1_base64="Ehs41IPVHM4UsvBxR4xUQxCjWbQ=">AAADfHiclVLbbtNAED2JuZRwaUofebEISAjUyKnE5QUpiBcei0TSSm1U2e6mWPVN63WgsvInvMI/8QflJ6qeGRxUhCpgLcezZ845OzPZqEyTygXB907Xu3b9xs21W73bd+7eW+9v3J9WRW1jM4mLtLB7UViZNMnNxCUuNXulNWEWpWY3Onkr+d2FsVVS5B/caWlmWXicJ/MkDh2hw35/6r/2tw7mNoybN8vGLg/7g2C4/Tzg8v8MRsNA1wDt2ik2Ok9xgCMUiFEjg0EOxzhFiIrPPkYIUBKboSFmGSWaN1iiR21NliEjJHrC32Pu9ls05148K1XHPCXla6n08ZiagjzLWE7zNV+rs6BXeTfqKbWd8hu1XhlRh49E/6ZbMf9VJ704zPFKe0jYU6mIdBe3LrVORSr3L3Xl6FASk/iIecs4VuVqzr5qKu1dZhtq/kyZgso+brk1frRV5kQ+6bQyrT+ne0NcmAtWJP/ZTBHxmesZ4htR8Vlxcay0SvNrAoIvlPn/ygFPXF56eryHq8vmXx1Mt4ejYDh6HwzG4/ZGruEBHuIJ/V5ijHfYwYQVLPAFX/Gte+498p55Wz+p3U6r2cRvy3txAda1th4=</latexit>
de résistivité ρ
Réponse:
Courant
Potentiel C1
<latexit sha1_base64="aWsSFACes8uDH9qefX2YW9MMMPQ=">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</latexit>
16
fi
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
milieu homogène
<latexit sha1_base64="ezDQ14XSgnFw+065cG7JAwWjp6A=">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</latexit>
de résistivité ρ
résistivité du milieu
En mesurant V et I, il est
donc possible d’inférer la
résistivité du sol.
17
fi
fi
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
milieu
<latexit sha1_base64="AXOe+GdFUPRELd7OBX/2UqZJd7A=">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</latexit>
homogène
Ligne de
courant
Équipotentielles
18
Pour mettre en oeuvre une méthode DC, il faut
comprendre:
19
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
I
Si :
V
C1 A P1 M P2 N C2 B
<latexit sha1_base64="JwLc6t/cgfqwICU10cI88flDEf4=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="5/I03snw+LY7FZWSfRdumMYu8hs=">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</latexit>
alors: r1 r2
r3 r4
<latexit sha1_base64="C3QqSnY2D883jqX4WpaOzr9YL3o=">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</latexit>
20
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
V
C1 A P1 M P2 N C2 B
r1 r2
r3 r4
<latexit sha1_base64="adv1rpskPnfD2RKOydBgtIN3MyE=">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</latexit>
21
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
<latexit sha1_base64="aNn2HZA35cFNn/qeqsAKyI5lzbE=">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</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="05qRRbMo32gU9cTqDthpFBaNBnU=">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</latexit>
V
C1 A P1 M P2 N C2 B
avec le facteur géométrique r1 r2
r3 r4
<latexit sha1_base64="Ii2n64kG21j//wAlPrOgb6xapjE=">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</latexit>
22
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
Résistivité apparente
Il est donc possible de mesurer la résistivité du sol avec 4 électrodes
<latexit sha1_base64="05qRRbMo32gU9cTqDthpFBaNBnU=">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</latexit>
Résistivité apparente:
23
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
<latexit sha1_base64="wuG1Cp5gXpysg4SVsDVITEwxRz8=">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</latexit>
I
<latexit sha1_base64="BHki0u2hbUsbWGdxFyZFNz6fMvA=">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</latexit>
r3 r4
24
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
Schlumberger
I
V
A M N B
b
<latexit sha1_base64="0URK+ZqmpdF4h21A2LdpYA87uKo=">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</latexit>
25
fi
Pour mettre en oeuvre une méthode DC, il faut
comprendre:
26
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
Profondeur d’investigation
La profondeur d’investigation dépend de l’écartement
entre les électrodes
<latexit sha1_base64="8xiNAt4lT3xszlZkewH+ylQ6fa0=">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</latexit>
27
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
a)
Profondeur d’investigation
La profondeur d’investigation C1 dépend de l’écartement
C2
Équipotentielles
entre les électrodes
Lignes de courant
Graphiquement
+ -
<latexit sha1_base64="8xiNAt4lT3xszlZkewH+ylQ6fa0=">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</latexit>
b)
V Surface
c)
+
∆V C2
28 - C1
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
Profondeur d’investigation
La profondeur d’investigation dépend de l’écartement
entre les électrodes
0.6
<latexit sha1_base64="8xiNAt4lT3xszlZkewH+ylQ6fa0=">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</latexit>
0.4
29
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
Profondeur d’investigation
• Pour une profondeur donnée, la
densité de courant est maximale
pour un écartement L
1.0
Ix /I
• Plus l’écartement L est grand, plus 0.8
les lignes de courant pénètrent en
profondeur 0.6
<latexit sha1_base64="PjQvaAfYCUuxU6NbbV2Xo8kql3g=">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</latexit>
0 2 4 6 8 10 L/z
30
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
Profondeur d’investigation
• Pour une profondeur donnée, la
densité de courant est maximale
pour un écartement L
<latexit sha1_base64="PjQvaAfYCUuxU6NbbV2Xo8kql3g=">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</latexit>
31
Pour mettre en oeuvre une méthode DC, il faut
comprendre:
32
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
ρ1 ( haut )
ρ2 ( bas )
33
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
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<latexit sha1_base64="gwR8kOrjQR43bxnUhVtbDIQ+FkQ=">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</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="lYFB+AahB0VEwJ32yirnVe+7SPE=">AAADgXiclVLbattAED2Oekndm9PQp76ImkLcByOZlgRKwZCXkKcU4iSQukZS1qmIbkgrt8H4Y/raflH/oPmLnJnIIaWEtitkzZ455+zMeMMiiSvreT9bK86du/furz5oP3z0+MnTztqzgyqvy8iMojzJy6MwqEwSZ2ZkY5uYo6I0QRom5jA825b84cyUVZxn+/a8MOM0OM3iaRwFltCk83x3kn2ab/i9hfvevYoHvcWk0/X6g7cel/tn4Pc9XV00ay9fa73GR5wgR4QaKQwyWMYJAlR8juHDQ0FsjDmxklGseYMF2tTWZBkyAqJn/D3l7rhBM+7Fs1J1xFMSviWVLl5Rk5NXMpbTXM3X6izobd5z9ZTazvkNG6+UqMVnon/TLZn/qpNeLKbY0h5i9lQoIt1FjUutU5HK3RtdWToUxCQ+Yb5kHKlyOWdXNZX2LrMNNP9LmYLKPmq4NS6aKjMiX3Raqdaf0X1OXJgzViT/2VgR8ZnqGeIbUvFVcXGstEpzPQHBZ8r8f2WXJy5uPG3ew+Vlc28PDgZ93+v7H950h8PmRq7iBV5ig36bGGIHexhpRd/wHT8cx+k5njO4oq60Gs06flvOu0vYIrYW</latexit>
34
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
<latexit sha1_base64="E/pOSS/Ben89kmmkd+AF7cXlivA=">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</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="gwR8kOrjQR43bxnUhVtbDIQ+FkQ=">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</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="StcbKYdR4rjCYKP2mOssfiMQZ9k=">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</latexit>
• Si <latexit sha1_base64="O6xhZTHr0LXPgIGSXHeYUZ4gVY8=">AAADe3iclVLLbtNAFD2JeZTwaApLNhYWEqpQZEetYMEiEhuWRSJtpTaKbHfSWvVL43GgivolbOGj+AP4CCTOvTioCFXAWI7vnHvOmXtvJqnzrHFh+KXX927cvHV7487g7r37DzaHWw/3m6q1qZmmVV7ZwyRuTJ6VZuoyl5vD2pq4SHJzkJy/lvzB0tgmq8p37qI2syI+LbNFlsaO0Hy4eWzPqnnkv/I1GM+HQTga74Zc/p9BNAp1BejWXrXV28YxTlAhRYsCBiUc4xwxGj5HiBCiJjbDiphllGne4BIDaluyDBkx0XP+nnJ31KEl9+LZqDrlKTlfS6WPp9RU5FnGcpqv+VadBb3Oe6WeUtsFv0nnVRB1OCP6N92a+a866cVhgZfaQ8aeakWku7RzaXUqUrl/pStHh5qYxCfMW8apKtdz9lXTaO8y21jzX5UpqOzTjtviW1dlSeS9TqvQ+ku6r4gLc8mK5D+bKSI+Cz1DfBMqPigujo1WaX5NQPClMv9fGfDEyyvPgPdwfdn864P98SgKR9HbnWAy6W7kBh7jCZ7R7wUmeIM9TPVmfsQnfO5/9wJv23v+k9rvdZpH+G15uz8AkEm1ZA==</latexit>
, déviation vers la normale
• Si , déviation vers l’interface
<latexit sha1_base64="sKDp2pzvguL/fshno3nT5hr05ho=">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</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="ihhmdgK+LHIN1VhG6bdgjp2dc5U=">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</latexit>
35
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
ρ1 ( haut )
ρ2 ( bas )
36
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
• Cas 1: ρ2 > ρ1
• La courant a tendance à vouloir
rester dans la couche 1 (moindre
résistance)
• Augmentation de la densité de
courant dans la couche 1
• Augmentation de ΔV
(J = − σ ∇V)
ΔV
• Sachant que ρa = K
I
• Conséquence: ρa > ρ1
37
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
• Cas 2: ρ2 < ρ1
• La courant a tendance à vouloir
aller dans la couche 2 (moindre
résistance)
• Diminution de la densité de courant
dans la couche 1
• Diminution de ΔV
(J = − σ ∇V)
ΔV
• Sachant que ρa = K
I
• Conséquence: ρa < ρ1
38
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
À l’interface, un portion k du
Medium (1) Medium (2)
courant sera ré échie. 1
Lumière Image 2
C1 C l1
X r1 r2
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P
l
XP
P r3
Le coef cient de ré ection P
l
39
fi
fi
fl
fl
ff
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
P r3 l
P
miroir semi-transparent
Au point P: V =U
(a) ( b)
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<latexit sha1_base64="BN1vXVI7luO5g7wD4L2k+KIPKg8=">AAAD4XiclVJNa9RQFL3TqK31a6pLNw8HQRCGpBTURWFAF3UhjuBMC80wJOlLGyZfvCSjJeQHuBO3Lvw1bnXtP9B/4bm3r1Ktor4wk/vOPee8e29eWKZJVbvul96Kc+HipdW1y+tXrl67fqO/cXNaFY2J9CQq0sLshUGl0yTXkzqpU71XGh1kYap3w8Vjzu8utamSIn9ZH5d6lgWHeRInUVADmvcfTedjta382ARR65ujQj3t2i2/TJSZe526rxa/z2128/7AHbqy1PnAs8GA7BoXG70d8umACoqooYw05VQjTimgCs8+eeRSCWxGLTCDKJG8po7WoW3A0mAEQBf4P8Ru36I59uxZiTrCKSl+BkpFd6EpwDOI+TQl+UacGf2TdyueXNsx3qH1yoDWdAT0b7pT5r/quJeaYnooPSToqRSEu4usSyNT4crVma5qOJTAOD5A3iCORHk6ZyWaSnrn2QaS/ypMRnkfWW5D32yVOZBXMq1M6s/h3gJn5hIV8TebCcI+sZzBviEUrwVnx0qq1D8mwPhSmP+vHODE7szDVT4RbSp9aXpmuc/tRHjHN8GXXQyPkze0uMPerzf2fDDdHHru0HuxNRiN7G1eo9t0h+6hlgc0oh0a0wQVfKCP9Ik+O5HzxnnrvDuhrvSs5hb9tJz33wF0+9GM</latexit>
40
fi
ff
fi
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
X r1 r2
P
l
XP
<latexit sha1_base64="GUdJQB4R5tPDh4L8SooKiltHN7s=">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</latexit>
• Si , le potentiel dans le milieu 1 P r3 l
diminue P
<latexit sha1_base64="SroTRgkJUnfsOZXR8aWkP8wTqWQ=">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</latexit>
miroir semi-transparent
Au point P: V =U
(a) ( b)
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<latexit sha1_base64="BN1vXVI7luO5g7wD4L2k+KIPKg8=">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</latexit>
41
fi
ff
fi
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
42
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
En résumé
La déformation des équipotentiels affectera la résistivité apparente
<latexit sha1_base64="05qRRbMo32gU9cTqDthpFBaNBnU=">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</latexit>
44
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
C1l l l
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<latexit sha1_base64="LNj6TSfENpIMJgNo5SyZHAPcb08=">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</latexit>
45
fl
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
V
C1 A P1 M P2 N C2 B
r1 r2
r3
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r4
<latexit sha1_base64="adPjTOW0Bv4pZZPRHsgV0iYX6vM=">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</latexit>
46
Mesures électriques DC: principes généraux
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<latexit sha1_base64="p+v4Ijk4zVyLRz9ObiMma5BGOs4=">AAAD73iclVJNb9NAEB3XfJTw0RQuIC4rIqSUqsGOguBSKRIXjq1E2kpxEq3ddWLFXrvrdSBYPvEjuCGu/CT+Af0XnZ04qAVVwFqJZ9+893ZmvH4WR7l2nB/Whn3j5q3bm3cad+/df7DV3H54lKeFCsQgSONUnfg8F3EkxUBHOhYnmRI88WNx7M/fmvzxQqg8SuV7vczEKOFTGYVRwDVCk+ZnT83SCWf7jAKXebEI9ZC5uz0vL5JJKffdalx6kQz1spqPJVsx2l6oeFC6VenlZ0qX7m67Kz+95DvjblUxtsd+y/eu5D0VTWd6Z/UaTZotp9N95eBifwZux6HVgnodpNvWC/DgFFIIoIAEBEjQGMfAIcdnCC44kCE2ghIxhVFEeQEVNFBbIEsggyM6x/8p7oY1KnFvPHNSB3hKjD+FSgbPUZMiT2FsTmOUL8jZoNd5l+Rpalvi26+9EkQ1zBD9m27N/Fed6UVDCG+ohwh7yggx3QW1S0FTMZWzS11pdMgQM/Ep5hXGASnXc2akyal3M1tO+Z/ENKjZBzW3gPO6SonIB5pWQvVLdC8RN8wFVmS+2YgQ4xPSGcbXR8VHwo1jTlWKXxMw+IKY/69s4YnVpaeB93B92dj1wVG34zod97DX6vfrG7kJT+EZtNHvNfThHRzAACs4t7asx9YT+8z+Yn+1v62oG1ateQRXlv39AtTi3x4=</latexit>
47
Pour mettre en oeuvre une méthode DC, il faut
comprendre:
48
Sondages électriques
49
Sondages électriques
Sondages électriques
Nous avons vu que:
• Les mesures du potentiel généré par un courant permettent d’en déduire une
résistivité apparente.
• Plus la séparation entre les électrodes est grande, plus le courant se propage en
profondeur
50
fi
Sondages électriques
Mise en oeuvre
V
A M N B
1000
100
<latexit sha1_base64="gBwsaLeMEVTPDVKfEhzplVfvaMQ=">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</latexit>
ohm.m
10
1 10 100
51 OA (m)
Sondages électriques
Mise en oeuvre
V
A M N B
1000
100
<latexit sha1_base64="gBwsaLeMEVTPDVKfEhzplVfvaMQ=">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</latexit>
ohm.m
10
1 10 100
52 OA (m)
Sondages électriques
Mise en oeuvre
V
A M N B
1000
100
<latexit sha1_base64="gBwsaLeMEVTPDVKfEhzplVfvaMQ=">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</latexit>
ohm.m
10
1 10 100
53 OA (m)
Sondages électriques
Mise en oeuvre
V
A M N B
1000
100
<latexit sha1_base64="gBwsaLeMEVTPDVKfEhzplVfvaMQ=">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</latexit>
ohm.m
10
1 10 100
54 OA (m)
Sondages électriques
Mise en oeuvre
V
A M N B
1000
100
<latexit sha1_base64="gBwsaLeMEVTPDVKfEhzplVfvaMQ=">AAADcHiclVJNb9NAEH2JgZbw1cIFiQOGCAn1ENkcWo6VuHAsEkkrtVFlu5vW1F9ar1OqqP+BK/1n/Qdw5RfwZtiiQoWAtRzPvnnv7cxk06bIWxdFF71+cOPmraXl24M7d+/df7Cy+nDS1p3NzDiri9rupElrirwyY5e7wuw01iRlWpjt9PiN5LfnxrZ5Xb13p42Zlslhlc/yLHGEJnv2qN5P9leG0SjSFV4PYh8M4ddWvdpbwx4OUCNDhxIGFRzjAglaPruIEaEhNsWCmGWUa97gDANqO7IMGQnRY/4ecrfr0Yp78WxVnfGUgq+lMsQLamryLGM5LdR8p86C/sl7oZ5S2ym/qfcqiTocEf2b7pL5rzrpxWGG19pDzp4aRaS7zLt0OhWpPLzSlaNDQ0ziA+Yt40yVl3MOVdNq7zLbRPNflCmo7DPP7fDVV1kROdFplVp/RfcFcWHOWZH8Z1NFxGemZ4hvSsVHxcWx1SrNzwkIPlfm/yuHPPHsyjPgPYx/v3XXg8mrURyN4nfRcHPd38hlPMFzvKTfBjbxFlsYs4IP+ITPOO9/Cx4HT4NnP6j9ntc8wi8rWPsOl32yNA==</latexit>
ohm.m
10
1 10 100
55 OA (m)
Sondages électriques
Mise en oeuvre
V
A M N B
1000
100
<latexit sha1_base64="gBwsaLeMEVTPDVKfEhzplVfvaMQ=">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</latexit>
ohm.m
10
1 10 100
56 OA (m)
Sondages électriques
Mise en oeuvre
Pour faire un sondage:
57
Sondages électriques
Dispositifs
• On se rappelle que la résistivité apparente est donnée par:
<latexit sha1_base64="05qRRbMo32gU9cTqDthpFBaNBnU=">AAADk3iclVLbbtNAEJ3UXEq4pSCeeFkRIRAPkVOBWgkhhdIHECoqEkkrNZG1djetVd+0Xgcqy5/A1/AKH8IfwF9wZnBQEaqAtRzPnjnn7MxkwyKJS+f7Xzsr3oWLly6vXulevXb9xs3e2q1JmVc2MuMoT3K7H+rSJHFmxi52idkvrNFpmJi98OQF5/cWxpZxnr1zp4WZpfooi+dxpB2goPdgao/zQKtn6rWazq2O6um2SZxWk6DeedM09augfr7VNEGv7w/Wn/hY6s9gOPBl9aldu/la5xFN6ZByiqiilAxl5BAnpKnEc0BD8qkANqMamEUUS95QQ11oK7AMGBroCX6PsDto0Qx79ixFHeGUBK+FUtF9aHLwLGI+TUm+EmdGz/OuxZNrO8U3bL1SoI6Ogf5Nt2T+q457cTSnTekhRk+FINxd1LpUMhWuXJ3pysGhAMbxIfIWcSTK5ZyVaErpnWerJf9NmIzyPmq5FX1vq8yAvJdppVJ/BvcaODMXqIj/s5kg7DOXM9g3hOKD4OxYSpXm1wQYXwjz/5V9nNicebq4h8vLps4PJuuDoT8Yvn3cH43aG7lKd+kePYTfBo3oJe3SGBV8pE/0mb54d7yn3pa3/ZO60mk1t+m35e38AIZIvnQ=</latexit>
V V
A M N B A M N B
a a a b
<latexit sha1_base64="rHeLLxaDBbEA4XL6Mg2Fe+hgFYE=">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</latexit>
a
58
<latexit sha1_base64="0URK+ZqmpdF4h21A2LdpYA87uKo=">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</latexit>
fi
Sondages électriques
Résistance de contact
Lorsqu’on plante une électrode, le contact entre le
sol et l’électrode possède une résistance, qui
diminue le courant que l’on peut injecter.
<latexit sha1_base64="RnHx9wZem3k+pg4/N9Z9Ada4Q5c=">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</latexit>
• Planter plus profondément l’électrode,
<latexit sha1_base64="78iaPXPqnUI/VLqT1HxLlejj3A4=">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</latexit>
59
Sondages électriques
60
ff
Sondages électriques
V
A M N B
a a a
d
<latexit sha1_base64="h3VqJnxJr2NkuD5TsnV0mv6oX9A=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="Afx/kjCgCDFkvi5kc0hlbDLHMyo=">AAADrXiclVLLbtNAFD2peZTy6IMlG4sIiVWwu4FlpLLoBrVIpKnUhMp2J6lVvzQeB6qoH8EWvow/gL/g3NspKlQIGCvxnXPPOXPv9aRNkbcuir72VoJbt+/cXb23dv/Bw0frG5tbB23d2cyMsrqo7WGatKbIKzNyuSvMYWNNUqaFGadnO5IfL4xt87p6584bMy2TeZXP8ixxhMYTe1ofb4fHG/1oEOkKbwaxD/rwa7/e7O1ighPUyNChhEEFx7hAgpbPEWJEaIhNsSRmGeWaN7jAGrUdWYaMhOgZ/+fcHXm04l48W1VnPKXgz1IZ4hk1NXmWsZwWar5TZ0H/5L1UT6ntnO/Ue5VEHU6J/k13xfxXnfTiMMMr7SFnT40i0l3mXTqdilQeXuvK0aEhJvEJ85ZxpsqrOYeqabV3mW2i+W/KFFT2med2+O6rrIh80GmVWn9F9yVxYS5YkXyzqSLiM9MzxDel4qPi4thqlebnBARfKPP/lX2eeHHtkSpfq7bQvgzeeO6en4js5CZMdDejx+WbWt7h+PcbezM42B7E0SB+G/WHQ3+bV/EET/GctbzEELvYx0i/4yd8xpfgRTAKJsH7S+pKz2se45cVzH8AKP++Pg==</latexit>
61
Sondages électriques
62
ff
Sondages électriques
V
A M N B
1000
100
<latexit sha1_base64="gBwsaLeMEVTPDVKfEhzplVfvaMQ=">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</latexit>
ohm.m
10
1 10 100
63 OA (m)
Sondages électriques
V
A M N B
1000
100
<latexit sha1_base64="gBwsaLeMEVTPDVKfEhzplVfvaMQ=">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</latexit>
ohm.m
10
1 10 100
64 OA (m)
Sondages électriques
V
A M N B
1000
100
<latexit sha1_base64="gBwsaLeMEVTPDVKfEhzplVfvaMQ=">AAADcHiclVJNb9NAEH2JgZbw1cIFiQOGCAn1ENkcWo6VuHAsEkkrtVFlu5vW1F9ar1OqqP+BK/1n/Qdw5RfwZtiiQoWAtRzPvnnv7cxk06bIWxdFF71+cOPmraXl24M7d+/df7Cy+nDS1p3NzDiri9rupElrirwyY5e7wuw01iRlWpjt9PiN5LfnxrZ5Xb13p42Zlslhlc/yLHGEJnv2qN5P9leG0SjSFV4PYh8M4ddWvdpbwx4OUCNDhxIGFRzjAglaPruIEaEhNsWCmGWUa97gDANqO7IMGQnRY/4ecrfr0Yp78WxVnfGUgq+lMsQLamryLGM5LdR8p86C/sl7oZ5S2ym/qfcqiTocEf2b7pL5rzrpxWGG19pDzp4aRaS7zLt0OhWpPLzSlaNDQ0ziA+Yt40yVl3MOVdNq7zLbRPNflCmo7DPP7fDVV1kROdFplVp/RfcFcWHOWZH8Z1NFxGemZ4hvSsVHxcWx1SrNzwkIPlfm/yuHPPHsyjPgPYx/v3XXg8mrURyN4nfRcHPd38hlPMFzvKTfBjbxFlsYs4IP+ITPOO9/Cx4HT4NnP6j9ntc8wi8rWPsOl32yNA==</latexit>
ohm.m
10
1 10 100
65 OA (m)
Sondages électriques
V
A M N B
À-coups-de-prise
1000
100
ohm.m
10
1 10 100
66 OA (m)
Sondages électriques
V
A M N B
À-coups-de-prise
1000
100
ohm.m
10
1 10 100
67 OA (m)
Sondages électriques
V
A M N B
À-coups-de-prise
1000
100
ohm.m
10
1 10 100
68 OA (m)
Sondages électriques
V
A M N B
À-coups-de-prise
On corrige en décalant la deuxième courbe selon
1000
l’erreur à la station commune
100
ohm.m
10
1 10 100
69 OA (m)
Sondages électriques
<latexit sha1_base64="ZH06uLjdPS2UG3/VCupr387wtyU=">AAADa3iclVLLTttQED2JyytQHmVHu7CIkKouIge1gmWkbroEiQBSiJBtbsCKX7KvAyjiC9jCx/UP2kX/oWcGp6KqUNtrOZ575pxzZyY3yOOotJ73tdF0Xs3NLywutZZXXq+urW+8OS6zqghNP8zirDgN/NLEUWr6NrKxOc0L4ydBbE6C8WfJn0xMUUZZemRvczNM/Ms0GkWhbwkdXp2vt73O7iePy/0z6HY8XW3U6yDbaHzAGS6QIUSFBAYpLOMYPko+A3ThISc2xJRYwSjSvMEdWtRWZBkyfKJj/l5yN6jRlHvxLFUd8pSYb0Glix1qMvIKxnKaq/lKnQV9yXuqnlLbLb9B7ZUQtbgi+jfdjPmvOunFYoR97SFiT7ki0l1Yu1Q6FancfdaVpUNOTOIL5gvGoSpnc3ZVU2rvMltf89+UKajsw5pb4XtdZUrkWqeVaP0p3afEhTlhRfKfDRURn5GeIb4BFTeKi2OpVZpfExB8osz/V7Z54t2zp8V7OLts7svB8W6n63W6hx/bvV59IxfxFtt4T7899PAFB+hrX/d4wGPzh7PpbDnvnqjNRq3ZxG/L2fkJDqOwKA==</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="Fatq2K34RhzZnJkfC0BMVnAOO50=">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</latexit>
70
Sondages électriques
• <latexit sha1_base64="Rv4eZE2vT7T57f5F9i+7UDyocRc=">AAADrHiclVLLbtNAFD2pebTl0ZYuu7GIkFhFNkKCZaSy6AbRSk1aKYkq2x23Jn7JHgeqqP/AFv6MP4C/4NzbKSpUCBgr8Z1zzzlz7/XEdZ61Ngi+9la8O3fv3V9dW3/w8NHjjc2tJ+O26prEjJIqr5rjOGpNnpVmZDObm+O6MVER5+Yonu9K/mhhmjarykN7UZtZEZ2VWZolkSU0np9Mm/PqZLMfDAJd/u0gdEEfbu1XW709THGKCgk6FDAoYRnniNDymSBEgJrYDEtiDaNM8waXWKe2I8uQERGd8/+Mu4lDS+7Fs1V1wlNy/hoqfTyjpiKvYSyn+Zrv1FnQP3kv1VNqu+A7dl4FUYtzon/TXTP/VSe9WKR4rT1k7KlWRLpLnEunU5HK/RtdWTrUxCQ+Zb5hnKjyes6+alrtXWYbaf6bMgWVfeK4Hb67KksiH3RahdZf0n1JXJgLViTfbKaI+KR6hvjGVHxUXBxbrdL8nIDgC2X+v7LPEy9vPFLlG9Xm2pfBW8d95yYiO7kJU92l9Lh6U8s7HP5+Y28H4xeDMBiEBy/7w6G7zavYwVM8Zy2vMMQe9jFiBe/xCZ/xxRt4h97Em11RV3pOs41flpf+AFLRvlE=</latexit>
• <latexit sha1_base64="IiD/S7FNAhQxFAk55E4c4O0ypZ8=">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</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="l9UDggn7fbi2zqApd8N8DV+HfV4=">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</latexit>
• <latexit sha1_base64="aaFuR335hzrrT36K/IAtvlWPmAA=">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</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="6q4e6R4hfZFxXDHpMK9jQHoXwL4=">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</latexit>
facteur géométrique
Alors:
<latexit sha1_base64="Ddg+RuHQ4QdQwybfG0Ekggd6bN8=">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</latexit>
71
Sondages électriques
<latexit sha1_base64="p+v4Ijk4zVyLRz9ObiMma5BGOs4=">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</latexit>
72
Sondages électriques
73
Sondages électriques
Exemple abaque
<latexit sha1_base64="h3VqJnxJr2NkuD5TsnV0mv6oX9A=">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</latexit>
= 10 ohm-m h=8m
<latexit sha1_base64="Afx/kjCgCDFkvi5kc0hlbDLHMyo=">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</latexit>
= 57 ohm-m
74
Sondages électriques
Exemple abaque
<latexit sha1_base64="lzRrmxL3C7gO8lKobRVo712PfDY=">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</latexit>
•
<latexit sha1_base64="xKi8RXiMPnoLIyg3MMcO8jHYU5s=">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</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="VS6mxq/HriJxTrcCBf53cwXnj/4=">AAADwniclVLbThRBEK1lvMB6W/QNXzpuND5tZgiJvJhsIg+8GDBxgYTZbGaGXhiZG909q2Ql8Wt8ld/xD/QvPFU0BiVG7cnuVJ0+53RVTadNkVsXhl87C8GNm7duLy5179y9d/9Bb/nhjq1bk+lRVhe12UsTq4u80iOXu0LvNUYnZVro3fT4Fe/vzrSxeV29daeNHpfJYZVP8yxxgCa9ldgc1ZNEPXup1pTEkYrjLueTXj8chLLU9SDyQZ/82q6XO5sU0wHVlFFLJWmqyCEuKCGLZ58iCqkBNqY5MIMol31NZ9SFtgVLg5EAPcb/IbJ9j1bI2dOKOsMpBX4GSkVPoanBM4j5NCX7rTgz+ifvuXhybad4p96rBOroCOjfdJfMf9VxL46mtC495OipEYS7y7xLK1PhytWVrhwcGmAcH2DfIM5EeTlnJRorvfNsE9n/JkxGOc88t6XvvsoKyHuZVin1V3CfA2fmDBXxNxsLwj5TOYN9Uyg+CM6OVqrUPyfA+EyY/6/s48SzKw9XuSHaQvrS9Npzt/xEOOObEEs2hcfFG1rc4ej3G3s92FkdROEgerPWHw79bV6kx/SEnqOWFzSkTdqmESr4RJ/pC50HG8G74CSwF9SFjtc8ol9W8PEHlEPD8Q==</latexit>
40 ohm-m
75
Interprétation 2 couches, Schlumberger
1. Tracer la courbe de sondage sur
un graphique bi-logarithmique
https://www-ig.unil.ch/c_prof.htm
76
fi
fi
Interprétation 2 couches, Schlumberger
1. Tracer la courbe de sondage sur
un graphique bi-logarithmique
https://www-ig.unil.ch/c_prof.htm
77
fi
fi
Interprétation 2 couches, Schlumberger
1. Tracer la courbe de sondage sur
un graphique bi-logarithmique
https://www-ig.unil.ch/c_prof.htm
78
fi
fi
Interprétation 2 couches, Schlumberger
1. Tracer la courbe de sondage sur
un graphique bi-logarithmique
https://www-ig.unil.ch/c_prof.htm
79
fi
fi
Interprétation 2 couches, Schlumberger
1. Tracer la courbe de sondage sur
un graphique bi-logarithmique
https://www-ig.unil.ch/c_prof.htm
80
fi
fi
Sondages électriques
81
Sondages électriques
<latexit sha1_base64="3fWVsVXIq9rxVhYZvgIm5W02+i4=">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</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="3fWVsVXIq9rxVhYZvgIm5W02+i4=">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</latexit>
Profondeur
Profondeur
82
Sondages électriques
<latexit sha1_base64="3fWVsVXIq9rxVhYZvgIm5W02+i4=">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</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="3fWVsVXIq9rxVhYZvgIm5W02+i4=">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</latexit>
Profondeur
peut être déterminé déterminé
<latexit sha1_base64="3Kt3lyyJpBDwGa7J1QDwS++5LCI=">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</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="/9AmQGwRRvRFW/nAy4JHVw9F9io=">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</latexit>
83
Sondages électriques
<latexit sha1_base64="3fWVsVXIq9rxVhYZvgIm5W02+i4=">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</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="3fWVsVXIq9rxVhYZvgIm5W02+i4=">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</latexit>
Profondeur
Profondeur
Pour déterminer et l’épaisseur et la résistivité d’un couche
mince, il faut que son épaisseur soit de 1.5 à 2 fois plus
grande que sa profondeur.
84
Sondages électriques
300 +
+ +
Grind + +
+
+
L + +
100
2 5 10 50 100 m
+
Water table +
50 B1/4
(35m distance) +
layer
375 2100 175 5 master
80 4 curves
1500 380 0
(calculated)
700 3 measured
+ apparent
Depth resistivities
10
1 5 10 50 100 m
85
Sondages électriques
<latexit sha1_base64="3fWVsVXIq9rxVhYZvgIm5W02+i4=">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</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="3fWVsVXIq9rxVhYZvgIm5W02+i4=">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</latexit>
Profondeur
Profondeur
86
Sondages électriques
<latexit sha1_base64="3fWVsVXIq9rxVhYZvgIm5W02+i4=">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</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="3fWVsVXIq9rxVhYZvgIm5W02+i4=">AAADbniclVJNaxRBEH27oyauX4kBLyIOLkLwsMxIQI8LXjxGcJNAssjMpDc7ZL7o6dkkLPkLXvWv+Q/05k/Iq7Ij0SBqD7NT/eq911W1nTZF3roo+tLrBzdu3lpZvT24c/fe/Qdr6w932rqzmZlkdVHbvTRpTZFXZuJyV5i9xpqkTAuzmx6/kfzuwtg2r6v37qwx0zI5qvJZniVOoAM7rz+sDaNRpCu8HsQ+GMKv7Xq99wIHOESNDB1KGFRwjAskaPnsI0aEhtgUS2KWUa55g3MMqO3IMmQkRI/5e8Tdvkcr7sWzVXXGUwq+lsoQz6mpybOM5bRQ8506C/on76V6Sm1n/KbeqyTqMCf6N90l81910ovDDK+1h5w9NYpId5l36XQqUnl4pStHh4aYxIfMW8aZKi/nHKqm1d5ltonmvypTUNlnntvhm6+yInKi0yq1/oruS+LCXLAi+c+miojPTM8Q35SKU8XFsdUqzc8JCL5Q5v8rhzzx/Moz4D2Mf79114Odl6M4GsXvtobjsb+Rq3iMZ9ik3yuM8RbbmLCCOT7iEz73vwePgifB0x/Ufs9rNvDLCjYvAAXcsW4=</latexit>
Profondeur
Profondeur
Dans ce cas, la couche intermédiaire ne peut être
détectée et la profondeur de la dernière couche est
erronée!
87
Sondages électriques
88
Sondages électriques
En résumé
Bref, les sondages électriques:
89
Au prochain cours: Tomographie électrique
90