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Pe.n:aKQ.HHTa aa "ApXeOJIOrHH" npaexa sa 06C'b)K.n:aHH MaTepHaJIHTe, npencrasean aa O'bJIrapCKH e3HK B 2 eK3. tmexcm U IwytteH anapam) aa MallIHHa (crpaaana OT 30 pena no 66 ynapa) C Ka'leCTBeHH aa OTTIe'laTBaHe otipasu, CnUC7JK na otipasume (2 eK3.) H pestone (3 eK3.). Ilpesona na MaTepHaJIH OT '1Y)K.n: na 6'bJIrapCKH e3HK H npenncsane aa MaIllHHa penaxunara He H3B'bpIllBa.

La redaction d' ApXeOJIOfHH accepte lesmateriaux a examiner presentes en langue bulgare en 2 ex (iexte et appareil scientifique), dactylographies (page de 30 lignes - 66 frappes), accompagnes de figures propres a etre imprimees, liste des figures (2 ex.) et resume (3 ex.). La traduction en bulgare et les textes dactylographies doivent etre assures par l'auteur.

Ha x o p n n a r a

Cmamuemsa na «oto« om lluncussama Ce.llUUiHa MOeUIW npu c. Eeepo, Bqpeacsa otuacm

CHUMKa P. Cmaueea

Sur la couverture

Statuette de poulain du tell de Dipsize pres du village de Ezero, region de Bourgas

Photo R. Staneoa

© Apxeonorasecxa HHCTHTYT H MY3eH rrpn BAH 1988

c/o Jusautor, Sofia

A·px EOAO FJ151

ISSN 0324·1203 roo. XXIX I

1988

o e r s n HA APXEOJIorHlJECKHf/ HHCTHTYT H MY3ER llPH B~hrAPCKATA AKAaEMHS HA HAYKHTE

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Taxa Hape4eHHSIT rpo6 H3 BaeHJI J1eBcKH-

HCTHHH H aa6J1Y.ll.H .

)1.11 M H T b P 0 B q A P 0 B

I1MeTO ua BaCHJI JIeBcKH e CB51TO aa 6'bJIrapcxns aapoa. BceKH 6'bJIrapHH e ocooeao lIYBCTBHTeJIeH K'bM BCHlIKO, KoeTO e CB'bp3aHO C KpaTKHH :>KHBOT H BCeOT,ZI;3HHOTO ,ZI;eJIO na AnOCTOJIa aa cB060,Zl;3T3. TOBa BaJKlf H sa , aerosara rparnxaa CM'bPT na 6eCHJIOTO B C<>4>HH caxo H5IKOJIKO rO,Zl;HHH npeaa ,ZI;a ,ZI;OH,ZI;e oCBo60:>K,ZI;eHHeTo,Ha B'bJIrapH51 OT TypCKO pooCTBO. 3a C'b}KaJIeHHe rpoosr. aa BeJIHKHSI 6'bJIrapHH OCTaHa He3HaeH II ,ZI;Hec BCeKlI onar :rOH ,ZI;a6'b,Zl;e nocosea II pa3n03HaT cenocpeuia C 06HCHHMO BHlIMaHHe. Ha TOBa ce ,ZI;'bJI:>KlI aceoounorr mrrepec K'bM 06Hapo,Zl;BaHlITe B nOCJIe,Zl;HHTe rO,Zl;HHlI,ZI;Be xnara na nncareas HHKOJIaH XaHToBl.

HanllCaHHeMOU1l0HaJIHO, C nonsepraaa noJIeMHlIHa crpacr, Te311 KHlIrH npe,Zl;CTaBJIHBaT onar ,ZI;a ce ,ZI;OKa:>Ke, lie rp06'hT aa JIeBcKH ce H8MHpa B OJITapaHaeo$HHcKaT8U'bpKBa "CB; Flerxa CaM8pc,ZJ;:>KHlkKa". )KaHpOBo 6Hxa MOfJIH,ZI;8, COO' onptl,Zl;eJIJIT KaTO aeuio cpeaao Me:>K,ZJ;Y nyommucTHlfHHTPY,ZI;OBe H crporo aaynao H3CJIe,ZJ;BaHe.11 aKO aBTOp'bT'HM HallCTlIHa CH 6e nOCJIY:>KHJI C MeTO,Zl;HTe aa HaYlIHOTO ,ZI;UpeHe H 6e nOCTHrHaJI C'biltHTepe3YJITaTlI, HerOBHTe H3BO,Zl;lImHxa ,ZI;a 6'b,Zl;aT Heoueaax npHHOC BHCTopHlIeCKaTa aareparypa. Ho TOBa He e raxa, 3amOTO H8 Hero My JIHn· CBa He06xo,Zl;HMaTa nO,Zl;rOTOBKa, YMeHHe ,ZI;a aHaJIH3Hpa H C'bnOCTaBH HaYlIHHTe <paKTH.

Bsnpocsr aa rpooa ua JIeBcKH .ne e HOB aa 6'bJIrapcKaTa HCTOp1l0rpa<pHH. 06CToeH nper JIe,Zl; na YCHJIHHTa aa HerOBOTO H3,Z1;HpBaHe aanpaaa P. CTOSIHOBa npes 1965 r.2 HeHHHTe H3BO,Zl;H nonxpenaxa MHeHHeTO aa 11. YH,l\:>KHea, KOHTO B 06eMHCTHSI H 3a,Zl;'bJI601leH TPY,ZI; sa :>KHBOTa H ,ZI;eJIOTO H8 AnOCTOJIa 3aKJIlOlIH, lie HHe enaa JIHme ycneex ,ZI;a ce ,ZI;06epeM ,ZI;O HHK8KBH nOJIO:>KHTeJIHH pe3YJITaTH B Ta3H HaeoK88•

OT 1956 r. aacau ce nO,Zl;HOBH enaa OT MHOr06poHHHTe sepcaa aa MHCTOTO, K'b,Zl;eTOnOlIHBaT KOCTHTe aa JIeBcKH. Cera TH ce CB'bPsa e npoysaaaaara B'bB B'bTpeIlIHOCTTa na irspxsara .,CB. Ilerxa CaMap,ZJ;:>KHHCKa", K'b~eTO non OCHOBHTe H8 OJITapHaTa ancaaa 651xa OTKpHTH HHKOJIKO rp063. E,ZI;HHH5lT OT THX (95) 6e nocosen K3TO rp06 H3 AnOCTOJI3H3 oeHOB3Ta aa ,ZI;Ba MHoro K'bCHHH HeCHrypHH cnoaena+. C'bnOCTaBHHKH nOJIYlIeHHTe,Zl;aHHH OT pasxonxare H aanpaseaara aHTpOnOJlOrasna excneprasa, C. MHXaHJIOB3aKJIlOlIH, lie aaxepeaare CKeJIeTH ce OTHaeHT K'bM apexe npe,Zl;H nOCTpOHBaHeTO Ha U'bpKBaTa H CJIe,Zl;OBaTeJIHO He 6Hxa MOrJIH na ee ,ZI;aTHpaT OT BpeMeTO na B'b3paQaHeTO~.

Heo6xo,Zl;HMO e Be,Zl;Hara' ,ZI;a ce nOCOqH, lie B XO,Zl;a na pasxonxare C8 6HJIH ,ZI;OnYCH3TH HHKOH csutecraena CJIaOOcTH. Ilpena BCHqKO, 3an03HaT C KaTeTOPUlIHOTO MHeHHe. na npo<p. fHYPOB, C. MHXaHJIOB He ce e norpa:>KHJI ,ZI;agan33H aaaepeaare KOCTH OT CKeJIeTa B· norpeeeaae 95. HaHCTHHa TOH e ocsmecrBHJI KOHCYJITaUHH C aHTpOnOJIOra ,ZJ;-P n.Boes, OTpHuaTeJIHOTO MHeHHe aa KorOTO e U3- JIO:>KHJI B HaYlIHaTa ny6JIHKaUHH, HO sa aanpaBeHHSI ornea He e C'bCTaBeH KOHCT3THBeH npOTOKOJI C He06xo,Zl;HMHTe MeTplHlHH H ,ZI;pyrH ,ZI;aHHH. HaJIHlIHeTO aa KOCTHT,e UJIH H3 ,ZI;OKyMeHT sa THXHOTO m3TeJIHO H3CJIe,Zl;BaHe 6Hxa H3HrpaJIH csmecraeaa, 3 MO:>Ke 6H H pemanama pOJISI B H3HCHHBaHeTO aa nOCTaBeHHH B'bnpOC, KOHTO ce YCJIO:>KHHBa ome noeese nopana HexaHHOTO C'bXpaHHBaHe H ,ZI;OpH pa3nHJlSIBaHe na HaYlIHaTa ,ZI;OKYMeHTaUHSI OT pasxonxare.

Taspne crpaeea .e "HayqHHSlT nonxon": B KHHrHTe aa H. XaHTOB npa YTB'bp:>K,ZI;aBaHe na cnoueaarara Teaa. OTMHHaB3M rpy6HTe H JIHlIHH Hana,Zl;KH H 06H,ZI;H K'bM CBOHTe onoHeHTH, 3a ,ZI;a He H3na~Ha .no HHBOTO Ha Tex-

HHH aBTOp, HO He Mora ,1l:a OTMHHa He06HCHHMaTa HeHaBHCT H nenpuxpnra HpOHHH KbM

L='~'iraYldlTa' H306mo fI KOHKpeTHC:i KbM apxeo.nornsecxara HaYK,aI1 HeflHHTe rrOCTHJKeHH51- nenio, KoeTO ne e npOHB51BaHO nocera OT HHKOH '. npe,1l:CTaBHTeJI . Ha 6bJIrapCKaTa HHTeJIHreHUHH II OCTaBa aa Clv,IqKa na caMHH XaHTOB. rq~>,ce,3a,1l:0BOJI51 ',1l:a npnsena KOHCTaTaUHHTa aa KOMHCHHTa, aasuavena OT ,1l:'i:-rpeKTopa na ApXeOJIOrHqeCKHH HHCTHTYT CbC sanaua ,1l:a HarrpaBH nbJIeH H 06CToeH aHaJIH3 Ha nbpBaTa OT ziaere HerOBH xanrn: ,,060CHOBaBaHKll Teaara CH, H. XaHTOB en CJIYJKH C nOCTOHHHO, rm.pne 06bpKBamO qllTaTeJI51 npen.nnrane Ha cb06paJKeHHH, H3rrOJI3Ba ceH3aUllOHHH napa- 3H, nOCJIe,1l:0BaTeJIHO nO,1l:!V1emI XHrrOTe3aTa C

. Te~a, ,ynpaJKHHBa 'HaTRCK :qpe;3 ,H3pa3H, nOAqepTaBaHHH, KaBHtiKH, Kb,1l:eT'o e YM€CTHO H Kb,1l:eTO He e, CJIYJKH CH C ocrpn rppaaa. OT ,1l:Pyra crpana, TOH H36HrBa onean eneaenru OT uaysnare rry6JIHKaUHH H ,1l:0KYMeHTaUHHTa, KOHTO He ca B nOJI3a na ueroaara resa. MHoro qeCTO arpara C cpaKTHTe H ,1l:YMHTe 06bpKBa qHTaTeJIH H OCTaBH V He3arr03HaTHH snena-

. TJIeHHeTO 3aMHoro ii06poC'bBeCTHb csnocraBHHe aa HHcpopMaUHHTa. neHCTBHTeJIHO, ,1l:0pH . 11 . CneUHaJIHCTbY TpH6Ba' ,1l:a CJIe,1l:H II orxpnsa c.npOTJIBOpeqHHTa."G .

Br.anpaevaaero HJIH OTXBbpJIHHeTO na 3a,CTbneHOTO. or H. XaHTOB CTaHOBHIll.e MOJKe ",1l:a CTaHe, CJIe,1l: KaTO ce ,1l:a,1l:e OTrOBOp aa nna OCHOBHH Bbnpoca:Bb3MOJKHO JIll e JIeBcKH ,1l:a 6b,1l:e npenorpeoaa B m.pxnara "CB. Ilerxa CaMap,1l:JKHHCKa" II I1Ma JI'H neocxonasurre ap-

.. XeOJIOrHqeCKH CBH,1l:eTeJICTBa ,1l:a ce COqH HMeHHO KaTO TaKbD rp06 95?

nbpBHHT asnpoc e no-oriui H na Hero 'HCTOpHqeCKaTa HaYKa ztaaa OTpHuaTeJIeH OT<:rOBOp. TOH e HaH-HCHO H3pa3eH B ,1l:0KJI8,1l:a na KOMllCllHTa,. xaaaaxeaa OT npencenarens HB KOMHTeTa aa xynrypa H npezicenarens na '·BAH, KOHTO aHaJIH3Hpa BCHqKH H3BeCTHH

.t.apxasnn ,1l:0KYMeHTH II cnOMeHH H ,1l:0H,1l:e ,1l:0 H3BO,1l:a, qe "HHMa ,1l:0Ka3aTeJICTBO aa norpe6- BaHeTO: aa B, JIeBcKH B qepKBaTa "CB. HeTKa CaMap,1l:)KHHCKa"7.. nO-KbCHO HecepH03HOCTTa na nO,1l:06Ho rm.pnenae 6e nOCOqeHO OT H. FeuqeB;. KOHTO apr-ynearnpano ,1l:0Ka3a aeroaara : HeC:bCTOHTeJIHOcT8.

HanOCJIe,1l:bK cranaxa H3BeCTJIH mrrepecHH ,1l:aHHH, KOHTO HaCOqBaT H3,1l:HpBaHeTo na rporia aa. JIeBCKH B ztp yr-a nOCOKa. AHaJIll3Hp:aHKH BHHMaTeJIHO. pennna oparnuanna ,1l:0- KYMeHTH. H, aBTeHTHqHH cnouean, H. COTHPOB :.,ZWKa3a y6e,1l:HTeJIHO, qe aKO ,1l:eHCTBllTemro e HMaJIO nperrorpeoaane aa THJIOTO aa JIeBcKH, . 'l'OTOBa e H3Bb,pllleHO He B rrspxaara ;,CB. Ilerxa

'. CaMap,1l:)KHHCKa", a B trspxaara .Crapa

CB ... TIeTKa", KaKTO H3PHqHO ce cnonenaaa B '0' H3rrOJI3B:aHllTe OT H. XaHTOB cnonenn. Ta3H Ub pxna re 6HJIa na.. narrYK"lI1HCKI1H ecnadi, . ,OT qHHTO ,Cpe,1l:H"rrpOH3XOJK,1l:a H CBeIll.eHHK noniKp serro: CTOHJIOB, aa KOHTO ce COqH, ,:qe 3ae,1l:HO .c.X .. XaM6apOB .e H3B'BPlllHJI .npe-

.2

norperisaaero na AnOCTOJIa9• Ornrrr.r na H. XaHTOB ,1l:a ocnopn H orpexe usueceanre ,1l:aHHH ce . OKa3a HaTIbJIHO HeCnOJIyqJIHB H 6e3pe3YJITaTeHlO•

H raxa HCTOpHqeCKH rrO,1l:aTKH aa rrperrorperiaane na JIeBcKH 01' n030pHHTe rpcomua B: HHKOH OT COCPllHCKHTe UbP~Bll HHl'vla, , HO

,1l:8JKe ,1l:a ce npHeMe a rrpHopH, qe TaKOBa e 6HJIO' nam.piueno, ner oriara sp saxa C UbPKsara "CB. Ilerxa CaMap,1l:JKHHCKa" e H3KJII{)sena, no TaKbB HaqHH peuraaanero na BTOpHH m.npoc He MOJKe na ce CBbp3Ba C HMeTO na ArrOCTOJIa, a cane C YCTaHOBHBaHeTO, ,1l:aJIll norpeoenaara B OJITapa na cnouenarara UbPKsa ca rrO-KbCHH llJIH no-panan OT narpaxcaaHeTO H. OTrOBopbT na T03H m.npoc 3aBHCH H31l;HJIO OT cnennqmxara na apXeOJIOrHqeCKOTO npoyuaane H 01' scecrpannara oueuxa aa

. nOJIyqeHaTa npn. pasxomorre HHcpopMaUIUI. Ta- 3H HH'cpopMaUHH ce Cb,1l:bpJKa B nOJIeBHH ,1l:HeBHHK ua paaxonxnre, B aanasenare apXHTeK-

'TYPHH ueprexor H B aanpasennre CPOTOCHHMlm.

Hanara ce 06eKTI-IBeH H 6e3rrpHcTpacTeH anaJIH3 na Ta3H ,1l:oKYMeHTaUHH - ouie noaexe, qe T51 JIeJKH B OCHOBaTa H ua rrOJIO)KHTeJIHHTe, H na oTpHuaTeJIHHTe ouenxa rro nOCTaBeH)HI m.npoc.

Il 0 JI e B HH r n H e B II H K, BO,1l:eH ,1l:0CTa cTapaTeJIHO 01' f. nJKHHrOB, Cb,1l:bpJKa csuieCTBeHH ,1l:aHHH H nO,1l:p06HOCTH OTHOCHO rpori 95 H 6e MaKCHMaJIHO H3rrOJI3BaH 01' H.XaHToB B rrspaara My KHHra. BbB sropara 06aqe T03H ,1l:HeBHHK 6e 06HBeH aa "MaHHrry JI.HpaH", "CeJIeKUHOHHpaH", ,,06e30rraceH" (II, C. 81- 88). Bb3HHKBa OCHOBaTeJIHHHT Bbrrpoc - KaK MOJKe m.paoaauanno ,1l:a ce asrpann resa aspxy e,1l:HH ,1l:0KYMeHT, KOHTO rro MHeHHeTO na caMHH XaHTOB e BO,1l:eH C "y,1l:HBHTeJIHa npeUH3HOCT" H ce HBHBa .nau-eaacnusm U 6e3- C110pen aOKYJl1.eHm sa passorucume" (KypCHBbT na H. X. - I, c. 66-67)" a CJIe,1l: TOBa CbIll.HHT T03ll ,1l:0KYMeHT na 6b,1l:e 06HBeH sa He,1l:eHCTBHTeJIeH? Orroaopt.r MOJKe na 6b,1l:e caxo e,1l:HH "-'-- CJIe,1l: KaTO npn HeKOJIKOKpaTiIl-ITe 06- CbJK,1l:aHHH B lI8yqHHTe cpenu na apXeOJI03HTe 6e,1l:0Ka3aHo, qe aBTopbT HerrpaBHJIHO H TeH,1l:eHUH03HO TbJIKYBa Cb,1l:bpJKamHTe ce B ,1l:HeB-

. HHKa onacaaus , TOH 6e npnaynen zta ro 06HBH aa nonnpasen H C TOBa na cu ocnrypu Bb3- MOJKHOCTTa ,1l:aH3I10JJ3Ba cavo Te3H 01' T5IX, IWHTO CMHTa, qe nonxpenar resara MY, a

'OCTaHaJIHTe na npeaeoperne KaTO nO-KbCHO H npennaaepeao cpaJllllHcpHUHpaHH. H3JIHlllHO e na ce nOCOqBa, qe Ta3H npOMHHa B oueaxara He e xopexrna 11 qe Cb,1l:bp)KaHHeTO na ,1l:HeBHHKae HafibJIHO aBTeHTllqHO II TOH 3aCJIY)KaBa nbJIHO noaepne.

A p x H r e K r Y P HaT a ,1l:0 K Y M e H-

Tau H H e ,1l:eJIO na apx. €. 506qeB. B ycJIOBHHTa na 6bP30 nposeneaure crraCHTeJIlIH -pasxonxn 1'51 e cpaBHHTeJIHO, TOqHa II BHpHO orpasnsa OTI\pHTI1Te CTPQH1:eJIHH OCTaHKH. He C1'.OH. TaKa oriane m.npocr.r C MHCTOTO H CbCTOHHlIeTO na CKeJIeTa OT rpori .95. BHII-

MaTeJIHOTO H3YtIaBaHe aa tIepTeJKHTe nOKa3- B a, tIe CKeJIeT'bT e 6HJIHatIepTaH rrspaoHatIaJIHO B enuo nOJIOJKeHHe, a cnen TOBa H3- TpHT H OTHOBO aaaecen, HO sese CHJIHO H3- 'FerJIeH sa aanaz, TOBa H3MeCTBaHe sarieJIH3Ba H H. XaHTOB, HO He ro KOMeHTHpa (II, c. 97). A 1I3}1CHSIBaHeTO na Ta3H BaJKHa nO,ll.p06HOCT e OT rOJIHMO 3Ha1JeHHe, 3aIllOTO e np}1KO csspsaaa C UHJIOCTHOTO peurasaae na ssnpcca aa OTHOCH'reJIHaTa XpOHOJIOmH na rpooa cnpaxo nspxsara. C'bBCeM T01JHO 6e YCTaHoBeHo, tIe asnpocnara npOMHHa e aanpaseaa OT caMHH 006tIeB 3HatIHTeJIHO noK'bCHO, xoraro BepCHHTa sa : npenorpeesaaeTO e npenaasaxana pasropeuiea cnop--. 113- MeCTBaHeTO na CKeJIeTa B sananaa nOCOKa e OTrOBapHJIO HaH-,lI.06pe na Ta3H BepCHH, ropem npHB'bpJKeHHK na KOHTO e CaMHHT 006tIeB, HO TO BJIH3a B n'bJIHO npOTHBOpetIHe C ,lI.eHCTBHreJIHOTO nOJIO)l{eHHe na norpe6aHHH (3HatIHTeJIHa pa3JIHKa B MaIlla6HTe, HeTOtIHO nOJIOJKeHHe Ha rJIaBaTa H KpaHHHUHTe H np.), BCHIJKO TOBa ,lI.aBa OCHOBaHHe sa KPH~ THIJHO HBHHMaTeJIHO H3nOJI3BaHe Ha apXHTeK~ TypHHTe uepresca, xoraro ssnpocsr onapa ,lI.o C'bOTHOrneHHeTO MeJK,lly CTeHHTe aa trspxsara H TOtIHOTO MSiCTO aa rpoo 95.

3ana3eHHHT C H H M K 0 B MaT e p H a Ji OTpa3HBa'HaH-06eKTHBHO apXeOJIOrHIJeCKaTa CHryauas no spexe aa pasxonxare. Do Hero H no aanpaseaare HenOCpe,ll.CTBeHOCJIe,ll. pasxonxnre CHHMKH OT npyra JIHua MOJKe na ce npocaeaa T01JHOTO MeCTOnOJIOJKeHHe aa rnasara cnpsxo OJITapHaTa Maca, C'bCTOHHHeTO H 3ana3eHOCTTa Ha KOCTHTe OT KOJIeHeTe Harope, nOJIO)l{eHHeTO xa xpaxara cnpsxo 3H,lI.a Ha anCH,lI.aTa, KaKTO H oco6eHocrHTe Ha rpaneaca. BHHMaTeJIHOTO paasnraae na CHHMKHTe BO,ll.H ,lI.O H3BO,ll.H, Han'bJIHO npOTHBOnOJIOJKHH na Te3H, KOHTO npasa H. XaHTOB, H TOBa MO)l{e ,lI.a ce BH,lI.H OT aanpaseaas aHaJIH3 B CTaTHHTa aa HHJK. D. B'bJIeB, nOMeCTeHa B HaCTOHIllaTa KHH)I{Ka aa cnHCaHHeTO.

OTJIHIJHTeJI.Ha QepT8 B KHHrHTe aa H. XaaTOB ce HBSlB8 H3nOJI3BaHeTO aa HOBa TeXHHKOapXHTeKTypHa ,lI.OKYMeHTaUHH, KOeTO npH,lI.aBa npHBH,lI.Ha naysna TSlJKeCT aa HerOBOTO "H3- caenaaae", 3a csxca.neaae 06aIJe IJepreJKHTe He ca TOtIHH H He OTrOBapHT aa ,lI.eHCTBHTeJIHOTO nOJIO)l{eHHe na nemara. Taxa nanpauep ,lI.OpH 6erJIHHT aHaJIH3 Ha npHJIO)l{eHHTe nJIaHOBe H paspesn B rrspsara xanra, H3pa60TellH OT apx. H. MyrnaHoB H apx. K. rOpaHOB, noKa3Ba, IJe CKeJIeT'bT e 6HJI C ,lI.'bJIJKHHa 1,45 M (H3tIHCJIeHO cnopez nnaaa na ancnnara, K'b,ll.eTO e,ll.HHCTBeHHHT <pHKcHpaH pasaep - 0,60 M, e OTCTOHHHeTO aa OJITapHaTa Maca OT asrpeurHOTO JIHue na ancanara) H. ,lI.OpH 1,05 M (cnopen paspesa, K'b,ll.eTO e <pHKcHpaHa ,lI.e6eJIllHaTa rra OJITapHHH CT'bJI6":'_ 0,35 M). Te3H He,lI.onycTHMH Hec'bOTBeTCTBHH npHHYJK,lI.aBaT H. XaUTOB ,1J.a npaoerae B'bB sropara KHHra ,lI.O ,lI.pym sepresor, H3pa60TeHH T03H rrsr

OT M. OeHtIeB. Bsnpexn HarJIe,ll. H3KJII01JUTeJIaara CTapaTeJIHOCT, C KOHTO eipaeoreao, Te3H tIepTeJKfi OTHOBO npeanarar 3HaIJHTeJIHH pa3JIHtIHSI, KoeTO nOCTaBH non C'bMHeHHe tHXaara npeUH3HOCI: H ,lI.OCTOBepHOCT. TOBa MOJKe ,lI.a YCTaHOBH JIectIO BceKH C nOMOIllTa aa HaMeJIeMeHTapHO C'bllOCTaBHHe aa oT6eJIH3aHHTe' pasxepn B casnrre tIepTeJKH H HHe mece 3A,lI.OBOJIHM C HHKOJIKO minOCOKH B3eTH npHMepa. AKO npaexex sa BHpHa csoerueaara na <pHt. VI" ,lI.'bJI60tIHHa aa "H3KonaHaTa" B 3H,lI.a nama aa xpaxara aa M'bpTBeua - 0,45 M, H3JIH33, tIe uanara ,lI.'bJlJKHHa aa cxenera e 2,10 M. Cpaaaena C lIIHpHHaTa aa OJITapHaTa Maca---, 0,55 M, Ta3H ,lI.'bJI)I{HHa CTaBa 2,20 M; He enO-pa3JIHtIItO nOJIOJKeHHeTO H npa paspesa' na <pHr. VI a, K'b,1J.eTO npa KOHCTaHTHa MHP~' xa sa ,lI.'bJI60tIHHaTa na rpo6a 0,95 M ,lI.'bJl)l{H'" nara na CKeJIeTa 6H rp H6BaJIO na 6'b,ll.e 1,95, M.'

DOCOtIeHHTe HeC'bOTBeTCTBHH B naere KIIH'" ra OIJepTaBaT rrsnaara 06'bpKaHOCT B OliHTH:' re na ce B'b3CTaHOBH TOqHaTa' xaprnaa aa norpeoeaaero. DOJlYIJeHHTe pasaepa na CKe~ JIeTa He caao He OTtOBapHT Ita psora HaB.JIeBCRH, KoiiTo e YCTaHOBeHO, IJe 6HJI OKOJIO 1,70":'_ 1 , 72 M; HO H na e,ll.HH HOpM3JIeHIJOBelIIKH pscr; TIo-BalKHoTo e ,na ce H3TbKHe, se Te3H pasJIHKHCa CJle,nCTBHH 01' npenaaaepesoro .Ii' cy6eKTHBHo caryapaae na CKeJIeTa B rp06 95,' aa ,1J.aCe,ll.OK3jKe, IJe TOH e noarrsxaarncneUHaJIHO H3KOllaHa aa TOBa ,lI.ynKa B 3H,lI.a. Ho npena ,lI.a ce cnpea na nsnpoca sa HaJlHIJHeTO HJlH OTC'bCTBHeTO aa raxaaa ,nynKa (aapaxaaa orne HHlIIa, neruepaxxa H np.), He- 06XO,ll.HMO e ,lI.a OT,lI.eJlHM HHKOJIKO pena sa H3HCHHBaHe aa OCTaHaJIHTe "aprYMeHTH" OT apxeoxornsecxo eCTeCTBO.

B KHHrHTe CH H. XaHToB HeCnpaBe,ll.JIHBO 06BHHHBa apxeoaoruxecxara HaYKa B aesaHHTepeCOBaHOCT K'bM nOB,lI.HrHaTHSI cnop sa rpooa aa B. JIeBcKH H nOCOIJBa, tIe " ... npes UHJIOTO apexe aa MHororo,nHlIIHaTa ,lI.HCKyCHH ••. Cpeaaosexosaara ceKUHH npn Al1M naseure rpoono M'bJIqaHHe H He uenese c ny. 6.1lU'lHO cmaH08U~, HHTO rrsx H3pa3H OTHO~ lIIeHHe K'bM C'b,ll.6aTa na HBHO aaryceaare KOCTHI" (KYPCHB'bT aa H. X. - II, c.20). BC'bIllHOCT TOH MHoro ,n06pe saae, tIe C T03D B'bnpOC apxeonoaare ce 3aHHMaBaT OIUe no apexe aa pasropsaara ce ,nDCKYCHH B npecara, HO na THX (no He06HCHHMH npHqBHB) 6e· OTKa3aHO npasoro aa ny6JIHIJHa H3HBa. nO-K'bCHO Cpeaaoaexoaaara ceKUHH nposene pasnrapeno 06C'b)l{,lI.aHe aa rrspsara KHHr~ aa H. Xaaros, HO na apXeOJl03HTe nede aa,lI.eHa B'b3MO)l{HOCT ,lI.a 06Hap0,ll.BaT CBoeTO MHeHHe B nexara. He HM 6e ,lI.a,ll.eHo ,lI.OpH npano ,na H3RBHT csoero CT3HOSBIlle no 'Bpe~eHa MHor06pouHHTe 06C'blK)l;aHHH HaKHHraTa B pa3JIHIJHH 1JHTaJIHll1,a, 6H6JIHOTeKHH RYJITYPHH HHCTHTYTH B CO<PHH H IIPOBHHUHHTa. Taxa aa npaxrnxa ce soneme "pa3foBop" t BKOUTO HMarne caxo e ana crpaaa, H 6e ~3pa3HBaHO

3

cauo e,1(HO MHeHHe, a TOBa 6e3cnopHO ,1(OBe,1(e ,1(0 e,1(HOCTpaHqHBO HH(pOpMHpaHe na uiapoxara 06II1.eCTBeHOCT.

BceCTpaHHH5!T aHaJIH3 na KHHraTa na

H. XaHTOB B CeKUH5!Ta no cpe,1(HOBeKOBHa apXeOJIOrH5! (14. IX. 1985 r.), nozixpenea 01' H3BO,1(HTe na CbBeIIl.aHHeTO B EAH, PbKOBO,1(eHO 01' axan. H. TO,1(OPOB, noxasa, xe ,1(OBO,1(HTe sa BTOPHqHO ("H3BbHpe,1(HO", "He06HqaHHO", "KpHMHHaJIHO" no ,1(YMHTe na H. X.) norpeoeHHe H5!MaT nayvno OCHOBaHHe. IToCOqeHO 6e, qe norpetisaaero B Ta3H xacr na xp ava e B nporusopesne C KaHOHHTe na m.pxnara, qe nJIHTKOTO sapaaaae 6H ,1(OBeJIO ,1(0 n05!BaTa na HenpH5!THO 3JIOBOHHe 01' pa3JIaraHeTo Ha TPYna, TBbp,1(eHHeTO, se MbpTBeUbT e 6HJI 01'qaCTH nxonan B 3H,1(a nopanu JIHnCa aa M5ICTO B OJITapa H aa ,1(a He ce crt.naa BbPXY rnasara ¥y,. He orronapa na HCTHHaTa. MHoro nonP06HO 6e aHaJIH3HpaHo nOJIO)KeHHeTO, KoeTO e 3aeMaJI CKeJIeTbT, H 6e ,1(OKa3aHo, qe MbpTBH5!T e 6HJI norpe6aH B T5!CHa rp06Ha 5!Ma, JIe}j{aJI e na rpb6, C r.naaa, JIeKO 06bpHaTa na cesep, H C p sue, nOJIO)KeHH - ,1(5ICHaTa aa rt.pnnre, JI5!BaTa na xopeaa. BCHqKO TOBa ~OBOpH 3ape,1(OBHO TpynonOJIaraHe no XPHCTH5!HCKH 06HqaH B cnoxoana 06cTaHoBKa. C,paBHeH CbC CToTHul1Te OTKpHTH nocera cpenijOBeK_QBHH norpeoenna, T03H rpoo He npaan HHKaKBO H3KJlIOqeHHe. JIHncaTa na ,1(bpBeH

xos-rer-, cpaBHHTeJIHO nJIHTKOTO 3apaB5IHe na rpyna, nOJIOiKeHHeTO na pt.uere, OTCbCTBHeTO na norpeoanea HHBeHTap ... JIeKH5IT HaKJIOH na r.naaara HaJI5IBO, nOJIO)KeHHeTO na T5IJ10TO C HaKJIOH KbM KpaKaT<1 H pa3JIHKaTa 01' 0,10 M ca 5!BJIeHU5I, qeCTO CpeIIl.aHH B' norpe6aJIHU5I 06pe,1( npes U5!JIOTO cpemroaexoane, a ce na- 6JIIO,1(aBaT H B nO-KbCHaTa enoxa 01' rrsp snre BeKOBe na OCMaHCKOTO P06CTBO. Hecepaoseu ce oxaaa ,1(OBO,1(bT aa HaJIUqHeTO na TeJIeHO xonue, KaKBOTO He e oT6eJI5I3aHO B ,1(OKYMeH-' TaUH5!Ta, HO ,1(OpH U ,1(a HMawe TaKOBa, nO,1(06- HH ca 6UJIH 113nOJI3BaHH no HaW1ITe 3eMH 01' XV B. nacerne. CbIIl.eCTBeHa 6e KOHCTaTaUH5ITa, qe rpoo 95 ce nannpa na e,1(HO HHBO C OCTaHaJIUTe rp060Be, OTKpHTH B irspxnara H OKOJIO He5!, H5!KOH 01' KOHTO CbIIl.O 3aCTbneHH 01' 3H,1(OBeTe H. 5IBHO ej qe na M5ICTOTO na xpaMa e HMaJIO f10-paHHO rp06HIII.e, KoeTO CTPOHTeJIUTe He ca 3HaeJIH H He ca ce cb06pa35!BaJIH C Hero. HaJIHqUeTO aa TaKOBa rp06HIII.e B

• 06p, 1. CNUA!Ka na esmpetunomo AU1{e na ancuiiama G usptceama "Ca, Il emtca Casiapiiocuucsu" U npeiinonaeaeuama OYI1Ka G suoa, Fig. 1. Photo de la lace inl erieure de l'abside de l'eglise .Sueta Pelka Samard iiiska" et du irou suppose dans la muraille

.06p. 2. Il nan na u-sp neama "CG, Ilemtca CauapOJiCUtlCIW" u. «acm om no-pannus: HeKpOnO,2, Fig. 2. Plan de l'eglise .Soeta Petka Stimardii iska" et parite de la necrop ole plus ancienne

1

I I ,

, ,

2

" ",

npe~e~HTe Ha cpe~HaBeKaBHHH rpa~ e ~anyCTHMa H e B ayxa na enoxara.

B xona na npoaeneanre a6C'b}K.u;aHHH

H. XaHTOB nocreneano H3aCTaBHllIe H~H H3Mensure e~HH no. e~HH CBaHTe rrspaoaasaaaa noBa~H H naxpas a6HBH, qe HaH-Ba}KeH H neocrropHM apt-yxear B nonxpena na aeroaara resa e Ha~HqHeTO aa nsxonaaa B 3H~a nynxa aa noxecrsaae na xpaxara aa narpe6aHHSI.J~TO· sauto e Hea6xa~HMa rro-cneuaanao BHHMaHlie K'bM Ta3H HaHCTHHa peuraaam cnopa MaMeHT.

OpHrHHa~HHTe xepreaca aa C. Bocsea H H3pa6aTeHHTe B'b3 ocaosa na TSlX~an'bJlHHTeJIHH sepresca ,oTM. BeHqeBJ!l?~~no.ri:a'raT 3HaqHTe~eH np66HB B 3H.2la na a.nclI,1(ilTa, KaHTO HMa BHyIlIHTe~HH pa~MepH(uf9p.H~a H BHCOqHHa oxono Q.,4O' Mr ~'bJI6aqHlfa--- 0,45 M), T. e. ronxoaa, KaJIKpllO,~~n~o6xa:ztHMo ~a ce BMecTHT,K'f}aKaTa OT kO.1JeH~'Ha.u;aJly. Ho B ~eHCTBHTeJIH'acT T8Kail( nynxa HJ.fKOra HHHK'b~e He e 'aT6eJIH3Baaa :rtQ speae HII pasKanKHTe H ce SlBHBan~Cl.zt H'8 'B'b06pa}KeHHeTa na Boones. )laHHH aa HeH aTC'bCTBYBaT B rrOJIeBHH ~HeBHUK, He MalKe' ~8 6'b~e YCTaHaseaa H no. sanaaenara ~Ta~akYMeHTaUHH. 3a ~a 6'b~e ~OKa3aHaTaB3, ,me CU naCJIY}KHM C nposepxara aa enna or CHUMKwre, nanpaseaa npeaa H3B'bpIlIBaHeTa rra xoncepsanaoa-:

HHTe paoora, CJIe~ xoero a6CTaHaBKaTa csuiecraeno ce H3MeHH (a6p. 1). Bspxy CHHMxara ca HaHeCeHHTOqHHTe pasaepa aa xald'bHHTe, B3eTU or apxarexrypnoro 3aCHeMaHe aa Boosea. Ceoopaseaa C THX, pasxepare aa npennoaaraexara nyrrxa B 3H~~ .. ca' CJIe~HHTe: mapaaa 0,38 M, BHCaqHHa 0,25 M H ~'bJI60qHHa OKOJIO· 0,20-2,25'M. SlBHO e, qe B HeH He 6Hxa Mor.n;n ~a ce n06epaT KpaK~Ta aa soaex or KaJIeHeTe aanony ~opA aKO tOH UMallie P'bCT nanes non 1,72 M. C'bBCeM atIeBU,IlHa e, tIe B'bnpaCHaTa .l{ynKa e aeraoro na KaM'bK OT CTeHaTa, orponea HJI1fU3B3,lteH OT apxeonoaare, KaHTOCaThpCeJIH rnpomorlKeHHeTa aa KP8HHHuHTe, 38CT'bneHH or 3U,Ila.

YCTaHaBHBaHeTO aa mmC8T8 aa na-K'bCHO H3KYCTBeHa pa36HBaHe sa 3U.zta pemasa oxoalJaTeJIHO B'bnpOCa B noaaa aa n'bpBHlJHOCTTa aa norpeoenaero Ii HerOBOTa 38CT'bnJlaHe or na-K'bCHO nocrpoeaara ancana. Csmoro Ba}KH H sa OCTa~aJIHTe nsa rpa6a B OJITapa, KaHTO ce HaMHpaT - e.u;HHHHT - no~ OJITapHaTa Maca, apyraar - non crrrapnara nperpana. C roea ce oseprasa HCHaTa KapTHHa na csmeCTByB8J1 npena CTpOe}Ka aexponon, KaHTa HSiMa mnuo oomo C trspxaara H e OTlJaCTH pasPYIIIeH OT HeAHHTe 3H,lJ;aBe (06p. 2) -. r~;Ka Ma)l{e,lla ce 06srcHH HaJIH'IHeTO aa paspymesa CKeJIeTU H pasnpscaara KOCTH H q~pet,lH,

1 H. X a it TO B. noeJleAHHTe 1IlHrOBe ,,;ri>od'bT aa BacHJI JIeBcKH. nJlOBJUlB, 1985, rpOO1>T.'SSfIl:Jf JIeBcKH. nJlOB.llHB, 1987. 38 y.llecHeHHe B ~tlC.1~.'·~. 8H KHUH me ce OroeJISl3B8T C: I -38 n'bpB8-ra_;' Ii 11 ;._ aa aropara.

aa KaHTa H. XaHTaB CH CJIV)KH. C'bC ceasaUHaHHH H HE!aca6eHacepHa3iiH onpeneneaaa "CaMaTeH xepen'', ,,06esrJI3BeHHSl" H np,

Bnpoxex npH£'bCTBHeTa na naBeqe OT e~HH rpa6 B aqep-r311HSlTa na ancnaara 3aHHMaBa u caMIfH.'- aBTOp H aa na ;HiiM~PH HSlKaKBa 06~CHe'HHe, TOH 06SlBSlB8 ... iIe 6milliaTa uspxaa "Cil.l1er:Ka CaMap.IUKHHCKa" e 6HJIa npeespnara B CB()'ero. polia TaHHa rpooame B nerrrspa HaCo<}lHSl" (B1 c. 193). C'b3,1laBaHKH rreren~a'l'a,; sa ;', TaAnh. peBOJIIOUHaHHa rpocame, H. XaHToBHe ycew.a,lJe cau rronxonasa CBaHT~~pCI!H 3ai~'bJIrOT6 M'bJIQaHHe H HeH3BeCTHO~T.,~aKaJIa qja6a.H8'·ReBcKI!. Pa311IHpSlBaHeTO ~Ha Kp'bra ><?I' K'bcHn1 ng.f-f~e6eHHH BO~H no nsaona aa yBe~HqaBaHeCS'pO}l aa YtIaCTHHUHre a C'b3aK~SlTIJHUHTe $ )lfaHCnHpaTHBHaTa ~'Jla\(Ha enno MSlCTO- BKuufaTa ca asropsr ~anycKa ~OPH, qen}lJI()'IO¢o<IlHHCKa csemeHHlJeCTBa e .. snaeao UHJtaTa paOQJ'lii oxono rpo6a na J1eBcKH", no e .. npe)1.nO'iMa na saM'b~qH" - II, c. 234.). 11 npn Ta3H IlIHpaK Kp'br or anaetun H nOCBeTeHHHe ce e naxepua HHKaH, KaHTO caen OCB06C)}K~eHHeT9"naHe na HaMeKHe HHKaMY sa TQBa: B e.luio· speue, xoraro 1>faii:KaTa na AnOCTOJIa T'bpCH rpo6a HaCBaH CHH, xoraro 3. CTOSlHOB H C. 3aHMaB pa3nHTBaT necerxn xopa aa rpo6a, xoraro MHTpanaJIHT MeJIeTllH npaaosaaa npea 1882 r. OT aMBOHa na irspxaara na ce aaxepar HeraBHTe KaCTH, xoraro npes 1885 r. KaMIlTeTa no. nocrpoaaaae Ha.HeraBHR naMeTHHK yenneno H r JIaOHa H3~HpBa MSlCTQTa aa rpo6a My.

YBRe'leH'l! pa3rape~eH B qnapa, H. XaATaB ~a~eq Ha~XB~PJIH paM,HTe H~ KOHKpeTHa no.CTaBeHHSI asnpcc. Taiicu na3~aJIU na OTnpaBH rpy6H Hana)J.KH K'b1>!'(}'bJlrapCKaTa HaYKa H apXeaJI03HTe, KaHTo "ce usrperraxa na )1.0.Ka3BaT,. lJe Ma)1.apei<HSlT KaHHHK He e 6'bJIrapOKa panora: ocnopnxa aannuea na q'bpry6H~SI MOCTHtI,"tI.aPCKHH npscreu-' na Kanona u cerne (TOBa 6e B'bPX'bT aa caaoorpnsauercl) pasrptziaxa He cauo :y Hac, no H B lJY)KOllHa, xe nopa TI~HcKa, CTO~HuaTa ua Ilspaara nama m.pscaaa, He OH~a 6'b~rapCKa, a cnapen or 6'b~rapHTe BH3aHTHiicKH rpan" (II, c. 263).

113~HIlIHa e na ce )1.aKa3Ba, lJe C'bCTaSlHHeTa H peutaaanero aa nocosenare HaYlJHH npo6~eMH He CTaSlT B CBeTJIliHaTa, B xoaro rH npencrass XaHTOB, H TOBa e H3BeCTHa aa BceKH, KOHTa c~e~H pa3BHTHeTa Ha 6'b~rapCKaTa apXeaJIarHsecxa HaYKa H ce panna na Heii:HHTe naCTHLKeHHH. He Ma)Ke a6alJe zta He ce aT6e~e)l{H nposBeHHTe or Hera rHSlB H npHCTpaCTHe, KaHTO HHKara He ca 6H~H )1.00'bP C'bBeTHHK B HayqHHTe ,IlHCKYCHH. A xoraro K'bM TSlX ce npH6aBH H HeKaMneTeHTHaCTTa, pe3Y~TaTUTe, KaKTa BH)1.HXMe, ca nanpano naasesna.

I P. C or 0 SI II 0 11 a. 3a Jlo6HOTO MSiCTO H rpo6a aa BaCHJI JIeBCKII. - MnK, 1965, KH.3, 18-24.

II H. Y H ~ JK H e B. BaCHJI JIeBCKH. ABT0c5HO-

rpactm SI. C., 1946.

, CP!3. X. or's! Y P ,0 B .. rp06'bT na JIellCKH. -- 8 CpB. M. COT H P 0 B. i1cTHHaTa Tp1l6B8,.Aa

)1.YXOBHa KYJlTypa,t959; 'KH.2: • , .. ' '. .., ce 'r'bpCif " ~O . HayqeH n'hT. _ qT~lJe9'~eH tj>pt)HT.

r; C .• '-1H x,a~.1!QB.U'bpK8a1'a"CB.I1eTKa>Ca-. 6p.I,2618 OT ~.{. III.1981.r. ... " .. ·.r)-, "

MapJI)KHHCKa" B CcJtfiu.lI:- M3CJle.llsaHHlI s naver Na' 10 H._ Xa H TO B. HCTuHa'I:a, He.:c.e 'ldI3Blt'. a

Kapea IllKopnHJI, ."1962, c. 175, ce J\(lKII3sa.- OTeqeCTBeH IPPOHT! tip'. '12646 .. '

• B)I(. )1.oKJI8J\· Hl! KOMHCHHTa, nasaaueaa C'bC 11 Ocnen H~rpHBaHeTo aa n'bpBOHaqaJlHHSI' qep.

aafroaea ,Ha aKa)!..)1.; Ailreaoa, M8UJHHOnHC" c.24. rel/<;" apeaero Ha', nonpasxara ce YCTaHoBlIBa H' OT

B KOMHCHHT8' 6Hxa BKJIJOqeHH: CT. H, c. ):1:. On-rapes, )l.O~BeHIBI C p sxara ua B06qeB HaAnHC: "TYK novaaa

cr, H. C. M.,. Gfa'ttieBa, CT, H. C. C. CTaIlH.JIOB, 'BaCHJl JIeBcKH, BbnpeKH n-p Boes'', KaKTO H aeoeno-

CT •. H. C. T . .lQKUltCOB •.. npoe. C.' DOll.lUKHeB. ,'jJUIIIIHiTtj>aKr;qe'iTO'speMe'mi pa3Kc)h-KHTe e ocsutecr-

.l ,noK.'1a.ll . .lf3 I<DMHCHSlTa, B KOSITO 611xa BKJlJO- aena 'KoRCYJlTRllHH c aHTpOIIOJIOr.' . ,"

qe~HBHJ\HH6'W1rapCKH HCTOPHUH" non npencenaren- 11 B)I(. C. C T a H H JI 0 B. KHHr~ia.lla HHKo.na4~

crsoro HaaK3J\. )1.: Koces, MalJIHHOnHC, c. 18. Xaaros "I1OCJle,!{HIlTe MHrOBe H rpolhr 113., BafHJl

',8BJK. nerosoro HHTepBl1) "C:Hl1HHeTo.Ha ArioCTo- 'JIeBcKH" B cexuaara sa cpe,l\HOBeI!:O.BHa apxe~JIqfall JIa. ;. '.R HerOBItllrp06". -3eMe.1leJJCKO suaue, 6p. 79, ; .aa: ApXeOJIOrH'IeCKHlI HHctllTyr II MY3eH npl! pAR .• ..;_ OT 3. IY.'1987 r .. H no-noapoeao BbB: BaclIJI JIeBcKJ:!. 'BeKOBe, J985, KH., 6,77 -7~. C., 1987, 205--206.

", ,1

·:· ... r" ,_ "" .... .". ..•

,c', ,r."

it a '\

,_, ,_.""'; r~" I'l", ('" ':

La supposition q~ le. tombeau' -de; l;ap6tre de la orlentah~ de;5ofia.aiI cehtre de la ville. Les faits arcfi~

llberte Vasil Levski se trCl,itte dans l'egllse de Sofia 10giqu~ aussi ne confirment pas cette these. L'anatYse

"Sveta Petka Sarnardiijska" et c'est la tombe 95, de- de l a ~ocumentation conservse vdes Ioui lles moIftfe

COUVViI'~eJors.des Iouilles au court' de 1956. peut@treque I '~glise est edifiee au cours du xye ouilJlt verifiee. s\ll';'hfb~ d'arguments hisgriques et aveheolo- XYle s. sur l es rulnes d'une necropol e precedeatee giqueS;,;U. ~rie absblument des'Jdonnees historiq~pariell~l;11ent detruite. Par consequent I'hypotheseemi· a:ttestanr-qrte-~iJYSlfi a ete enterrt!"dlrmmv,e1Iu aeS'CMie1i~telf~sir1til1'j'l'ecrivain N .• ;li~\ox 'lIe,sl!.urai t ~tre soute~9-

" ·'·f"~ :; '<, .... '" .:' ):~:~ i<..,':-.~'~~" ~-'': ~.,;~'~ -.

>"._ ~l· "

L' ainsi dit tornbeu verites et erreurs

b. 0 vi: a ro V

de Vasil' Levski, .,.,.._

:.;;' .... ','

. - "

• ·f

AHaJIH3 na H5IKOH rpacpHlJHH H CHHMKOBH

MaTepHaJIH aa rpo6 95 B ~bP~~(rI~a, "

"CB. napaCKeBaCaMapJ1.)KH~~~~~~' B COCPHSI'~

I1 E T b P B·:g.'1 E B

Or 1977 L, cnen KaTO cTpOHTeJIHO-KOHCepBall.HOHHHTe pa60TH aa trspxnara "Cs. napaCKeBa CaMap.ll.IKHiicKa" B CO<pHSI npl;fKJIlOlIHXa H nOIlTHHHKaKBH npoaepxa na apxeonorusecxara curyauna, npn KOSITO e 6HJI pasxpnr CKeJIeT 95 B ceaepcaarosuara xacr aa OJITapa, He MOIKexa na ce HanpaBSIT, 6aBHO, HO aacrsna'TeJIHO sanoxaa .lI.a ce aanara na nanrara 06lll.eCTBeHOCT MHeHHeTO"lIe· T03H rp06 evaa npenorpedaaas AnoCTOJI aa csoeoaara BaCHJI JIeBCKH. Pasrops ce npO.ll.'bJIIKHTeJIHa KaMnaHHSI, xapaxrepaa sepra sa KOSITO 6ee)lHO' CTpaHl{HBOCTTa aa nO.ll.HaCSIHHTe aprYMeHTH.

JlHeBHHK'bT na . pa3KonKHTe 6ellle 06SIBea, aa HeBaJIH.lI.eH.a6coJIlOTH3Hpa ce rpadmnaara fI <pOTorpaqx:Ka:ra .lI.OKYMeHTall.HSI.

BceKH, KoiiTo ce onarsaure "jl.a Bl{ea.e CBeT JIlfH-a HJIH 1I0SO BJUK.lI.aHe B cr-scrnaarnara., ce OKOJIO norpetieaae 95, M'bf JIa, 6ellle 06SJ;BSJ;Baa enaa JIH He aa p0.ll.OOTn-PflHl:IK.'j

~eJITa HaTa3H CTaTlUL e na-, noxasce, lie npa pa3lJHTaHeTO aa MaTepHaJIHTe,npH3Ha'l'H OT H. XaRTOB sa ennacraeao .lI.OCTOaepH!I. ca .lI.0nYCHaTH HeMaJIKO rpeIHKH. ,3J-U1QllTeJIHa q~CT OT Te3H rpaunca c~. CepH03!lH •• xoero nanara npeoueaxa-ua saerara OT Hero, DOl;Ilf~ ll.HSI, ocooeno caez KaTO Ca,HaJIHUeH 'JIOB.-H .lI.aHHIJ, 6JIarO.ll.apeHH~ aa 'B'b3M.OIKHOCTra; iHSIKOH A,BORKH CHHMKH .aa rp06~ 95 na .ce pas-

r JIeIK.lI.aT cTepeOCKOnHlJHo. .;

CKuI{a 0 nputisueumesen Ma14a6 1: 12,5, U3~ ptuiomenaom C. Eo6t.teo na 1. V1.1956 e. (o6fr.4) ..

.06p. 1. "Ce. Il apacxeea CaAwpi):JICUllCKa". Ap xume«mYPHa csuua, uapatiomena om C. Botiuea na 1. VI. 1956 e. Fig. 1. .Sueta Paraskeoa Samardiiisko". Esquisse architecturale execu tee par S. Bob ceo, le 1. VI.

1956

CKIHI.aTa e B nne tIaCTH - n.nan H paapestn).

B nnana ca npencraseua TpH ooexra:

OJITapHaTa rpanesa, CKeJleT'bT or rpoo 95 H "OaHKeT'bT" or TyXJlH noxpan ancnnaara CTeHa C xpsruera or enan pen .lI.ynKH OT nHJlOTH non Hero.

CKeJleT'bT e pHCYBaH H H3TpHBaH HeKO.TJKOxparno', HO HerOBOTO OKOHtIaTeJlHO npencraBSlHe' e C HaH-roJlSIMo OTKJlOHeHMe OT .lI.eHCTBMTeJlHOTO nOJlOJKeHHe.

~~ Pa3pe3HTe BC'bIII.HOCT ca naa - no OCTa Hi'! irspxsara (npes o.nrapnara rpanesa, "oaHxera" H ancnanara CTeHa C nnurara) H no OCTa Ita cxenera. CaMO C paarpannuaaanero H3 ti;S3 paspeaa MO)KeM .lI.a CH OOHCHHM 3aIII.0 cKeJJeT'bT (OT rasa narope) ce BHJK.lI.a npes

MepreJlHHH OJlOK. .

B rrspnas paapes (npes ocra aa trspxsara) e noxasauo, tIe "OaHKeT'bT" e usrpanea OT TpM pena TyXJlH, UIHPOKH 25 CM; TOH e na <fJyra OT· anCH.lI.HHH 3M.lI.; non Hero e HMaJlO npeJ(HMHO npscr; rtMJlOTH ca JlHnCBaJlM.

8

-------

I

.. '- 1

OT BTOpMH paapes ce BUJK.lI.a, tIe CKeJleT'bT Jle)KH XOpU30HTaJlHO, a cnen cr-snanara My Hl'l'la HHKaKBa "HHlua", npOHH3aHa U3UHJlO OT nsa nMJIOTa. Orrope "HUlllaTa" MMa K03upKa OT TYXJla (npOTMBOpetIHe C sropara CKU'-I.a H CHHMKOBHH MaTepUaJl), orsan - KaM'bHM M sap, a OT.lI.OJlY - pHMCKa crena (nporusopetIMe). B'bHlllHHHT P'bO na TYXJlaTa-K03HpKa H pHMCKaTa CTeHa ca B enna BepTHKaJlHa JlBHHH (rrpornsopesue C sropara CKHua - 00- PYllleHHHT P'bO na aHTBtIHaTa CTeHa 3aCHtIa OCTa na cxe.nera He npn Ta3a, a HHK'b.ll.e nam.rpe, non OJlTapHHH 3H.lI.; crenenra na 00- PYllleHOCT Ha aHTHtIHHH 3H.lI. no BpeMe Ha norperiennero He e H3BeCTHa HI1KOMY - TH e uenoxaayeva). .ITHHHHTa na anCH.lI.HHH 3H.lI. nan TYXJlaTa-K03HpKa e npom.nzcena C nyuxTHp npea nnurara.

Jla ce npneve, tIe eJleMeHTHTe OT paspeaa npes OCTa na trspxsara (nO-TOtIHO TpHTe peaa TYXJl,H-"OaHKeT") ce OTHaCHT H sa paspeaa npes OCTa na cxenera, e nenpaaonepno; OT OJlTapHHH 3H.lI. nan cxenera ce e asnaaana cavo K03HpKa OT xopocan, KoeTO e .lI.oope .lI.OKYMeHTHpaHO <pOTorpa<pCKH.

OT aaanasa na Ta3M CKMua ce BM)K.lI.a, tIe He MO}f{eM .lI.a O'b.r;,eM carypun aa nOJlO)KeHHeTO ua cxe.nera, nHJlOTHTe, pMMCKaTa CTeHa, sa 'C'bIII.eCTBYBaHeTO na "oaHKeT OT TYXJlI1",

-14-

•
•
•
•
· I
•

• l
•
• t
, · I 2

.Oop. 2. .i:«. Ila pacxeea Castapitouuuuca", Ap xume«m u p ua csuua, usp atiomena am C. Botinee na 12. VI. 1956 C. Fig. 2. "Sveta Paraskeca Samardziishu", Esquisse archilecturale executee par S. Bob ceo, le 12. VI. 1956

aa ,n'hJJ60qlHIaTa na "HHlIJaTa", aa MaTepHaJIa. OT xoilro e nanpaseaa K03HpKaTa, H np., a TOBa ca rm.pne .Ba)!{HH AeTaHJJH sa H351CH5Isaue na CnOpHHTe MOMeHTH OKOJJO norpe6eHHe 95.

Csuua e .Mau!a6 1:20, uspatiomena om

C. Bo6t.tee na 12. VI. 1956 e. (o6p.2).

CKHuaTa e B ,nBe nacrn - nJJaH H pas['hBKa aa ancnnnara CTeHa.

B n.nana ca npencraseaa 5 06eKTa: rpanesara, CKeJJeT'hT OT rpoo 95, ,,6aHKeT'hT" C e,nRa pennua KOJJOBe, H5IKaKBa "HHlIla", B K05lTO ca pa3nOJJO)KeHH xonn.rara na cxe.nera, H aHTHqHaTa CTeHa', aacnuauta JJHHH5ITa Me)K,nv ,,6aHKeTa" H anCH,nHH5I 3H,n B OCTa na CKeJleT3. IToKa3aHa e sropa peauua K'hCH nHJJOTH 6JJH30 .nO nepnrpepnara na anCH,nHH5I 3H,n. 06'hpHaTO

. e BHHMaHlie na H5IKaK'hB rpirsr-s.nen KaM'hK OTJJ5IBO na nmuara, oxonrypeaa e ,n'hJlralfBHu.i:i Ma3HJJKa, B'hHllIHH5IT p'h6 na K05lTO pa3nOJJOB5IBa ,,6aHK.eTa" uazr (HJJH. non) "HHIlIaTa".

Pasr-saxara BKJJlOqBa OJJTapHaTa nama, naCTH OT. 6teHoIIHCHTe H rpaz.eaca non T5IX, pa3rpaHltq~H .yCJJOBHO na, 4 OTL{eTJJITBH. HBHtUL

2 Apxeonoras, 1, 1988

· , ,.

Ilr.paara e C'hCTaBeHa OT KOTHpaHH enpn xaM'hHH, nropara c'h,n'hp)Ka no-npeonn KaM'hHII II e OTAeJleHa OT n'hpBaTa qpe3 ~Ba pe,na TyXJJH, npeuanaaaum B fO)KHaTa xacr na ancn,naTa B ennn pen H n05lCHeHH KaTO ,,6aHKeT". Ilocoseuo e ci.mo, qe rperara HBHua, B K05lTO e npencraaena "HHlIlaTa" aa ,nOJ1HHTe KpaHHHUII na cxe.nera, e orpamrsena orrope II OTAOJJY C T'hHKII HBHl~H XOpOC3U. 4eTB'hpTaTa IIBlIua npencraanaaa paar-snxara Ha' aHTHqHII5I 3II,n.

TYK c.nensa ,na ce orrieneacar TpH OCO- 6eHocTH:

1. C YAe6eJleHa mIHH5I rtpea o.nrapnara anura, crenonnca, rrspna, aropa II serm.pra HBHua e noxasana OHa3II nyxnarnna, K05lTO 'I1 .lI.HeC e ,ll,06pe 3a6eJIe)KHMa II OTB'hTpe,H OTB'hU na anCII.lI.HH5! 3II.lI..

OT TOBa cnenna, qe rperara HBHua, orpaHHqeUa orrope H OT,nOJlY C nJJaCTOBe xopocan, e HMaJJa cpaca.ll.a OT cyxa 3H.lI.aPH5I IIJlII rrs.nnesc OT cTpOHTeJJUII ornam.un OKOJJO n'hpBH5I pen nlIJJOTII (Me)K.lI.Y OJJTapHH5! 3H.lI. II CTeHaTa na asxona), nopann KceTO NYKHaTHnaTa He ce e np05lBHJJa npes nJJaCTlIqUaTa 06JJIIUOBKa ..

2. LloKaTo B rrspsara CKHua nHJJOTI1Te npOHH3BaT H3U5lJJO "HHIlIaTa", B'hB nropara 'Te ca npecenerm HanOJJOBHHa. AKo rtpnenea. qe .lI.'hHOTO Ha rpo6HaTa 51Ma e ua HIIBOTO Ha TplITe npeCeL{eHJl . HaIlOJIOBHHa .. nUJJQTH, IlI,e

ce OK3)Ke, 'le H3nOJI3B3eM3T3 BHCO'ly!H3 na ,jHlIW3T3", OHeTen3 M3m36no (±20% rpewK3), e rm.pne M3JIK3 - Me}!{.ll.Y 11,7 H 17,5 CM (cpeano 14,6 CM). AKO npneueu, 'le ,lJ,bHOTO

, na r'p06H3T3 51M3 e H3 HEBOTO na 06pyweHE5I ,ropeH Pb6 H3 3HTl1'lH3T3 CTeH3, K3KTO e noK333HO B ,nbpB3T3 CKHU3, me ce OK3)Ke, 'le npoxoznire OT nHJIOTH C3 6HJIH 33n33emI ,lJ,OCT3 BHCOKO H3,lJ, ,lJ,bHOTO H3 rp06HaT3 51M3.

, 3. H ABeTe pt.ue H3 CKeJIeT3 B nOCW.ll.HH5I ; B3pH3HT C3 BbPXY T333, KeeTO 03H3'l3B3, 'le ;: nonp3BK3T3 He e H3BbpweH3 H3 M5ICTO (npes , M. iOHH 1956 r.). Bnpouev, 'le Te3H nonpasxn ;; C3 MHoro nO-KbCHI1, rOBOp5lT CI1JIHOTO 113TerJI5I, He H3 CKeJIeT3 H3 33n3,lJ" 113MbKB3HeTO na ,lJ,OJI, ~H:~ Kp3HHHUH OT ~H.ll.3 (33 na ce n06ep3T

none . CTbn3JI3T3 B M3JIK3T3, He,lJ,OCT3Tb'lHO ,lJ,bJI60I(3 "Imw3") H npe.ll.CT3B5IHeTO H3 CKeJIera C .nenoapenen 'lepen H rpt.neu KOllI.

OT,3H3JIH33 na BTop3Ta CKHU3 aa C. 1306- 'leB ee BH)K,lJ,3, ue necnr-ypnocrra na nOJ1O)KeHHeTO na CKe,TJeT3 He e npeO.ll.OJI!lH3. VI TyK JIHnCB3T TO'lHH ,lJ,3HHH sa p33MepHTe H3 113- pI1Cyn3HaTa "t!Hwa". He e noacueuo OT KaKl,B

, MaTepl13JI e H3rp3,lJ,eH ,,63HKeTbT". B )~eHcTBHTeJIHOCT TOH ce JIOKaJ1H3Hpa ennacraeno Ha,lJ, y'laCTbKa, KOTl1P3l1 C ,lJ,bJI)KHHa 69 eM H noxCHeH B nJIaH3 C ,lJ,YMaTa ,,6a}Jl(eT" 11 B pa3rbB-

'K3T3 C;,rJI3.ll.KO H3lvI333HO" H ,,6aI'lKeT" .. LIa-' CTI1'lHO TOBa ct.optoxenne OT noripe 3a06JIeHlT

.06p. 3, [JOOUYJlf.7J1n 0 toeousmounama 'won na o.una"pu . Fig, 3, Le podium dans la partie sud-est de t'qutel

no p1J6QBeT€,,11 cpynlpaIHI TpH pena TY.XJI'H ce BIDKia H3 enna OT' CHHMKI1Te (o6p. 3). Herrpasovepno C. 1306IJ.es e npe,lJ,nOJIO)KHJI, "Ie CbOpb)KeI'lHeTO, npe,lJ,CT3SJ15!BaW;0 nO-CKOpo M3JIbK noiU'IYM, e np04bJDKaB3JIO nan penauara KbCH nEJIOTE H3 cesep H H3 tor nOKp3H, arrCH.ll.HI151 3H,lJ,. B aHTH'lHOCTT3 Ii Cpe.ll.HOBeKOBHeTO CPYH.ll.HpaHeTO na CJ1a6H TepeHYI 33 CTpOeac ce e H3BbpllIBaJIO He cauo JIeHTb'lHO (nozt 3H,ll,OBeTe), HO H nJIOW;H02, KoeTO 03H3'laBa, 'le crponre.nnre C3 H3nOJI3S3JIH nl1JIOTI1 1I 113BbH nanen snn sa no-noopo ynJIbTH5IBaHe H3 repena non Hero.

H351CH5IBa ce HanbJIHO, 'le TYXJIeH ,,63HKeT" C WHPO'lEH3 25 CM, pasno.noacen OKOJIOBPbCT H3 anCH,lJ,HH5! 3H,lJ" He e H,~1aJIO. DOnHYM OT TpH pena TYXJIH (ua cpyra Ha,lJ, rrspnna noac) e csmecrnynan cavo B :e,ll,HH Y4aCTbK (,ll,bJIbr 69 CM} B,ll,5!CHO non OJIT3 pH3T3 Hll1lI3. Han H3PIKYB3H3Ta' "rpo6H3 .mnua" e HMaJIO C3MO nnnua XOpOC3H C WHp'O'lHl'I3, p3BHa na nOJiOBHH3Ta oTIT(),ll,HYMa (25 CM:2 = 12,5 CM). TpHTe ,ll,ynjm OT nl1JIOTH ca 13bi'I OT I1MnpOBI1- 3Hp3H3T3 "Hl1llIa" - T3K'a e'H3'lepTaHOBbB BTopaT3 CKHua (B m.pnara:e rTO)(33aHO r peurHO), BE)K,ll,a ce H OT CIIllMKdJ;iHfr M3TepHaJI3.

OCT3Ba na ee nponepar ome TpH,lJ,eTaHJIa:

KaKBO npencrannsna TpHbrbJ1HIUT1; K3MbK BJI5IBO ,ot "rp06HaTa rIl1W3", HMaJIO J1H e XOpOcanena I1BHU3 (3aJII1BKa, sanenarxa) Ha,ll, 6e,ll,penrrre ,KOCHI aa cxe.nera :'J1 H3H,nOCJIeK':U<Ba e ~lJ,bJ160'lHH3Ta na ",ql06H3T3 nmua".

10

4

.06p. 4. Ancuanu.nm 3Ua 1-lOa cpo695. Fig. 4. Le mu r absidal au-dessus du iombeau 95: a) CHU.IIKa om .M. /O/iU 1956 e. (Bemaas ) a) photo du mois de iuin 1956 (detail); 6) ap xumexmupua CKUlja na C. Botiuee om 12. VI. 1956 c. (oemaax) 6) esquisse archilectura le de S. Bob eev, le 12. V I. 1956 (detail); e) CHUAIKa om 1972 c. (iiemata ) e) photo de 1972 (detail); c) CNU;llKa om 1974 c. (8emaU/l) c) photo de 1974 (detail)

TpHbrbJ1HIH!T KaMbK e I13}],a}],eH H3BbH xopocanenara K03HpKa (cnopen CKHuaTa 11 CHHMKOBHH MaTepHaJ1), J1eKO HaKJ10HeH KbM cxenera, 11 BepoHHro e e}]'HH 01' KaMbHHTe aa cyxaTa 3H}],apHH (}],peHam?) Ha}], nbpBHH pe}], nHJ10TH H3BbH arlCH}],HI1H 3H}],.

Xopocanoaara 3aJ1HBK3 ce H36.TTIO}],3Ba MHOro ztoope Ha}], J1HBOTO 6e}],po na CKeJ1eTa OT rpori 95 KaTO TbHKa naurspoena HBHua, J1eKO nannanena naz; npt.crra non HeH (06p. 4 a)4~

Ha}1, }],HCHOTO 6e}],po ce BHm}],a cnert.n npasobrbJ1HHK - xopocan EJ1E KaMbK OT OCHOBHH5I 3H}],. .uoKa3aTeJ1CTBO aa TOB3 HaMHpaMe B CHHMKOB MaTepHaJ1 OT trspxnara "CB. napaCKeBa CaMap}]'MHi-icK3" OT 1972 r. AKo npoCJ1e}],HM C51HKaTa na 06TeraIIa (06p. 4 a), rue BH}]'HM, lIe T5I nJ1aBHO 3aBHBa }1,0 cperuaTa C JleKO HaKJ10HeHaTa xopocanosa K03HpKa, CJ1a- 60 ce OTKJ10HHBa no noai.pxaocrra, TbH xaro H3}],aBaHeTO H HaBbH OT ancnnara e MaJ1KO (12,5 CM), ornpr.nsa ce CJ1e}], HeHHH51 KpaH H nana BbPXY CbruH5I rpm.r-snen KaMbK, }1,OKYMeHTHpaH CLUe npes 1956 r. (ITo)], Hero ce OTKpOHBa IIepHO ITeHIO, 1(0eTO HanbJ1HO norpeunro ce TbJ1KYBa KaTO nynxa OT J151BaTa 6e}]'peHa I(OCT5; pa3CT051HHeTO MeM}],y KaMbKa H KOCTTa e paBHO na 2 HerOBH }]'e6eJ1HHHcpaanir OT 06p. 4 a; OT6J1HCbKbT B }],bHOTO na "ITorpe6aJ1HaTa tIHIlIa" e ITO-CKOpO na xaMbK, OTKOJ1KOTO na xopocan HJ1H IIepH03eM; }],yITKH OT 6e}]'peHHTe KOCTH He J1HIIaT). CHIIKaTa Ii na pb6a ua crpynnannsrra OT}],HCHO non xopocauenara K03HpKa, Ii na cavara 1(03HpKa ce ITpOeKTHpaT rnt.pne 6JlH30 supx Y KaM'bKaeKp81-I B }],bHOTO na "ITorpe6aJlHaTa anura", KceTO He 03HaIIaBa HHlUO }],pyro, OCBeH lIe HHIlIa He CblUeCTBYBa. Ilcn KaMbKa-eKp3H B .rtor-perianaara nnura" ce BI1)1{}],aT H51I<OJ1KO nepnn Kp'LrIIeTa C JU1aMerbp OI<OJ10 2 CM, 1(0l1TO I1MaT e}],HO 06HCHer-IHe - Onl1TBaHe C LUHUJ (OT apaarypuo meJ1H30 aanpnvep] na ce pasoepe }],OKOJ1I(O T03H KaMbK e KOHCTPYKTI1BHO CBbp3aH C anCI1}]'HH51 3H}1,. BHHMaTeJ1- HIne pa3IIeTI1 nOKa3BaT, 4e Hi'vreHHO xopocanenara Maca, K051TO ce cnne nanon T03H KaMbK, e nOKpHBaJ1a H 6e}]'per-IHTe KOCHI na CKe.TJeT 95.

Ilee cnu.uxu om 1972 U 19742.6 ce npnaescnar KaTO opErHHaJ1HO }],oKa3aTeJ1CTBO aa ci.meCTBYBal-reTo aa "rp06Ha HI'IUJa" . Ilpes 1974 r. crpourenno-xoncepnauuou aure pa601'l1 B UbPKnara "CB. Ilapacxesa CaMap}],)l{J1HCKa" nanpenBaT, HO 3ae}],HO C TOBa 33nOIIB3 pyuieuero H Ha OJ1TapHHH 3H}], B YIIacrbKa OK0J10 CITOpHaTa "I-IHIlIa". 3a nO}],ITbXBaHeTO na MeJ1e3HH rpenn H H3J1HBaHeTO aa 6eTOHHH cpYH}]'aMeHTI1 ce npevaxsar BCHIIKH npeuenur KaMeHHH 6J10- KOBe, npHHa}],JleMaJ1H Ha aHTHIIHHH 3H}], HJ1H ua UbPKOBHHTe OCHOBE. CbITOCTaB51HeTO ua nsere CHHMKH, KaKTO H na pannowamaoawre }],eTaHJ1HH YBeJ1HIIeHE51 (06p. 4 a, c), nOKa3Ba, 4e J10KaJ1H3HpaHeTo na .rpooaara HI1W3" m.pxy CHHMKaTa OT 1974 r. e norpeumo", Xopocanenara K03HpKa e nOIITH ynautoxcena (J1HIIaT CJ1e}],HTe na TpH ynapa c J10CT EJ1H xnpxa,

II

HaKJIOHeHHHT KaM'bK nnncsa, HJII030pHaTa HHrna - csmo. OCBeTJIeHHeTO eorrope, nopann KceTO BepTllKaJIHHTe. cpyrH Me2K,ny KaM'bHHTe B OJITapHHH 3H,n ca OJle,nH, ,nOKaTO H HaM-MaJIKHTe H3,naTHHH ,XB'bPJIHT T'bMHH ceHKH non ceoe CH. TOBa neCHO C6S1CHHMO SlBJIeHHe e T'bJIKYBaHO BHHafH TB'bp.n.e HeKopeKTHO.

CKUl{a Hawr,pK8ama "CB. Ilapacseea Casapoocuacx«: u3pa6omeHa om C. Eo6'leB na

8. VI. 19.56 c.B

BC'bmHOCT H. XaMToB e penponyuapaanaa OT lIeTHpHTe apxarexrypna naana na U'bpKSa" ra, nYOJIHKYBaHH OT CT. MHXaHJIOB9,

nJIaH'bT aa uspxsara e H.ll.ea.JIH3Hp;.ill;. no-, COKa cesep JIHnCBa; MeCTaT;:tHaCOH)la.2KH~re npOYlIBaHIHI B aaoca H OJlTapaHEH~a. ~a,.PI5Hpaaa; C npexscaara JIHHI:IH ca 0'l;6eJI5I3aHl! aHTHlIHHTe CTeHH nOA oCH9B~i1e 1;1a . Al>:pKBaTa; ceaepaara crena e>;nQ-.n.e6eJI,aOT .,I02KHaT3

(uporascpesae C ..;H,anpellij:HJ!p.a3p~3).} .

B H3t JIe,zJ,HTe aa .. ,ll.8~e ,peHH,QCHOBara 118.

OJITapHaTa .... rpanesa He.:~ npe.ll.Cr~eHa KaTO MOHOJIHTeH OJIOK.:":KaKTo. a.cxauara oT1. VI. 1956r., al5aTo aHA,OT -OT.n.eJIHHKaM'bHH. liMa. pa3JIHllHSl no OTHOUleHHe na ... TOBa.,naJIH rpanesara e nancrpceaa €TYXJIH HJlH He, HMa JIH nO,ll.HYM OT TpH pena TYXJIH HJIH ne H np. Ilpen OCHOBaTa na OJITapUaTa rpaneaa B H3r neaa aa cesepaara crena e H300paseHO rpanenoaanaouarpynsaae na KaM'bHH, KeeTO Hee H3HCBeHO B XOpH30HTaJIHHSI nJIaH. B csmHSI H3r JIe,n e nOKa3aHO (c YCJIOBeH 3HaK H 06S1CHHTeJIeH rexcr), lie UeJIHSlT uaoc(noHe B OCT a) H onrapa ca 3aCTJIaHH cMpaMopHH nJIOllH. B nnaaa ooalle enna rpera OT nJICmTa aa naoca e naneaa KaTO nenospnra. AKo npHlIHHa 3a TOBa e npe,ll.CTaBeuHSlT C oeprrupHxH connaac B paspesa, TOM rpariaame .n.a o'b,ll.e OTOeJISl3aH H B nnaaa .. Cnopen Hac B paspeaa e nOCOlleHO H MeCTonOJIO}l{eHHeTO na MaJIKHSI TYXJleH no.n.HYM non o.nrapnara nama (no,ll. MpaMopHHTe nJIOllH na HaCTHJIKaTa), .. 1lQ B nnaaa TOM JIHnCBa. Ilon nO,ll.HYM,a e noxasaao, lie anCHJI.HHSlT 3HJI. e yurapea aaavrpes-- HeIIJ.O, KoeTO nporusopena na cxauara OT l.VI. 1956 r. (B paspeaa npes oarapaara rrpanesa non TpHpe.n.OBHSI TYXJIeH no.n.HyM - ,,6aHKe· ra" - HMa npenaano npscr: raxa e H aanncaHO - "np'bCT").

. KaKTo BH}I{.n.aMe, B apxarexrypnara noKYMeHTaUHSI ua nspxaara "CB. Ilapacxeaa CaMap.n.}I{HHCKa" npornaopeaaara H nponycxnre lie ca MaJIKO H He ca MaJIOBa2KHH, a onapar T'bKMO no HaM-C'bmeCTBeHHTe, cnopmrre MOMeHTH OKOJIO norpeeeaae 9510. Ta.'3H KOHCTaTaUHSI HH 3a.n.'bJI}I{aBa ,ll.a O'b,ll.eM npeanaanaan npa n0J!3BaHeTOHa ananaaapaaare TYK CKHUH na C. JiOOQeB; CJIe,ll.OsaTeJIHO raspneaaero, 'Ie " •• ;Te ,oa HaUCTHHaHaM-no.n.pooHHSlT H Ha.n.e}l{.n.eH .n.oKYMewr> ~a~; J1.;il~Hp8IjeTO na CKe· ner . .N'9 95· KaTO Mllo:ron~H.~eli;.OT, .cTpOe}l{a aa U'bpKBaTa ••• "11, H~ ,~r,.(}~~H'HaR9TM;I:IilT.a.

Fpeunca .;ce;llonyCKaT .~~ .•.• :~H .<H~jQ.

BaTNICKH npouec. H,3a~;Ha~~0~fij.(~

12

lIeHH~Ta He ca xareropasaa, a ce nasar .OOHKHOneHO MHorOBapHaHTHH perneHHSI.Paa6Hpa ce, HMa CJIyqaH, xoraro cpaKTHTe' ca OtfeBH]lHH, I<:aK'bBTO e T03He. norpe6eHHe-95.· CnOp'hT e npHK.lIIOtfHJI aa MftCTO orne np~ JISITOTO na 1956 r. KOH ca 6H.1IH HaH-Ba~Te },\OBO,ll.H aa apXeOJI03HTe, MaKap H Henp9ToKOJIHpaHH:

1. Benpeaare KOCTHca aaneaaraaa C XO""

pocaHOB~> 38JIHBKa{06p. 4 a). .

2 • .J()inKHTe OT KO:JI().B~ ca aa HHBO cpena oe.ltp~HH KoeTH; nO]ll(Oc'I1iTe HMa oine 5~10 CM xYMyceH. nJIaCT (lIepHo3eM).

. ,,·~.Gf{eJ1~'bT eH8l<.1I0HeH, HO non Hero HSlMaK8M"bIl'H, KOHTO.,ll.~Ca npnnaaa sa TOsa - yCT~rHQBeHO e :lipeg;.Jl60KCOH,ll.a}l{ Me}l{.n.y Ta3a,r:p'bOHa'lHJ.uf CT'b.1l0 If ,ll.SlCHaTa nonJIaK'bTHa KOCT.

4. KaMeHHaTa nO)lJIO}l{Ka H8 onrapnara rpanesa.aeaacara sepeaaa JlSlCHanp'bKa(06p. 5). 5~ 'HpeKJIOHH8Ta B'b3paCT H3HH,ll.HBH,lla, C'bCTOSlHHeTO aa CKeJIeTa H T. H.

BCHlIKO e 6HJIO SlCHO II 6e3cnopHo (OT 1956.n.0 1977 r.), .n.OKaTO e MOrJIo.n.a ce BH.n.H na M~CTO, lie norperianua unura B anCH.n.HHSI 3H,ll. He C'bmeCTBYBa. Enaa CJIe.n. CTPOHTeJIHHTe pa60TH, KOHTO nonpencnar .n.o HeY3H3BaeMocT 30HaTa na "HHmaTa''. crapnsr H sese peurea cnop ce noanoaasa C rOJISlMa CHJIa H CTpaCT.

YMeCTHO e na' pasraeaaae H HSIKOH ,ll.HernHH peKOHCTPYKUHH aa npOCTpaHCTBeHOTO noJIO}l{eHlleHa cxenera. MHorOBapHaHTHHTe peweHH~Ha CT. BOSl,ll.}I{HeB BC'bmHOCT ca eJl"H' HOpMaJl¢HH~~~~~ nO~OJl .. II OTenpe,ll.CTaSJISI-

IJ81'.. ~J~~?''&.'' ';;~HTeJIeH TPY,ll.,

.li:o ~ .. ' _ '.n:pe'~l1JlH'lCKpOMHH -

At! :'te ,'f .. '. HttJ{lr q,aI{TH ca H3BJ1e-

" ..•.. '}'C. . ¥8atu.8T3<fpa4>JIllHali' cpOTO-

,ll.OJ(')tr.te~~lfSl H;qeB'bnp.~'bT~~,:,~pC)6a aa AnocTQJI8.,e1a.'fi.p)J.etepllOaeHU MJIOroUJl:3HOB, 33 ,ll.a· cenO,ll.XOJK,ll.a npeaaaxepeno K'bM Hero.

EDNa om nepeume cpaq,UlIHu61i3CmaHOBKU e na CIl. Tocnoiiunoe (o6p. 6)12. TOM e H3n'bJIHHJI .n.OopOC'bBeCTHO nOCTaBeHaTa My 3a.n.alla, HO C HSIKOH rpenma H3XO,nHH .n.aHHH, KOHTO ooe3CMHCJISlT pe3yJITaTHTe.

1. B CKH~aTaH3 ' Coo B06l1ea OT1. VI. 1956 r. rnHpOlJ1fHataH3 OJITapHaTa','l'pane~a (HHCKO .n.OJIY npn cxensra) e I<OTHpaHa: 70CM. a pa3CTOSlHHeTO Mem.n.y npo.n.'bJl}l{eHHSI· HSTOtleH p'b6 aa rparreaara H "oaHKeTa" OT TYXJIlf (T. e. <i>aca,ll.aTa aa Jlpe.Ha}l{HHSI 3H.n.) Ha.n. CKera e orceasaaso, se e80 CM .."

Cnopen ,ll.ii:eBHHKa Ha:p'8gl{ODKHTe CKe.1leT 95 ce nonasa HSB'bH '3H.n.a .100 CMlll. CJIeJlOBaTeJI-. HO TeMeTOHa sepenae aa He nosene OT .20 CM C.lIe,ll. npO,ll'bJI}I{eHaTa aa ceaep JIHHHH na H3- TOlIHIHt p'b6 ua rpanesara.

C.lI. fOCnO,lJ.HHOB e KOTHpaJI 65 Ct,f sa nrapoxaaa na rpanesara H e nOKa3aJI,. tfe CKeJIeT'bT aanoxsa OT cpenara ii, C KoeTO TOM OTHOBO e H3MecteH na aanan C 15 CM (70:2-20= 15 CM) . . . · .. 2 .. B C'bmaTa. CKHl,(a e oTOeJISl3aHo. 'Ie paacToSlHHeTO OTOJITapHaT3 rpanesa .n.o OCTa

5

.06p. 5. Ilo epetienue 95 It OAmoplUUI KOJ1!'bK (oemausu ), Fig. 5. Enseoelissement 95 et la pierre d'autel (detail): a) n.peilu a) avant et; 6) Olea ouonuame.tnomo pa3'IUCI11BOne 6) a pres le netloyage

na cxe.nera (rpb6Ha4HHH CTb.n6) e 35 Cl\L fpb6Ha4HHHT CTb.n6 nan 4HC.nOTO 35 e noco- 4eH CbC crpenxa; pascroannero na TOBa lVJHCTO B ueprexca na C.n. Focnonnuon, OT4eTeHO Mama6Ho, e 14 CM. H annue e enao npH,n:BH)KBa He na cxenera KbM OJ1TapHaTa r paneaa C 21 CM14.

TeH,n:eHUH03HOTO H3MbKBaHE' na cxe.nera OT ancnzmna 3H,n: 11 npH6.nmf(3BaHeTO My KbM orrrapnara rpaneaa He ce HY}K,n:aHT OT KOxrenrap.

3. Karo HaH-BepoHTHa ,n:b.n)KHHa na CKe.nera ce npneua pasnept.r 172 CMI5,' HO 113- lJl1c.neHI1HTa ca 113BbpWeHY! no ,n:aHHI1 OT ennae,n:HHCTBeHa CHHMKa B uenrp anna npoexuan, aa KOHTO He ce anae ,n:aJ111 OCTa na xaaepara e OTBeCHa. He ce suae csmo raxa, C4HTaHO 01' TeMeTO aa xepena, ,n:OKb,n:e TO~IHO ca H3lVJepemr 100-Te CaI1THMeTpa.

AKo ace nax npueuen aa ,n:b.nJKHl-la ua CI{e.nera pasuept.r 172 CM, me CJ1e,n:Ba, ue "norpe- 6am!aTa mnua" e TpH6BaJ10 na 6b,ll.e ,ll.bJ160Ka 72 CM. TaKOBa nanpeuno npexocxaaae na o.nTapHHH 3H,n: HHKoii He e KOHCTaTHpaJ1. Mama6Ho OTlJeTeHaTa cpenna ,n:blI60lJl1Ha na uspncynanara B CI<HUHTe na C. 1306lJeB "HYIWa" e 30,8 CM, MepeHO 01' BbHWHH51 Pb6 na ,,6aHKeTa". Mar{CHMaJ1HHHT pasaep (npu rpeunca ~1::20%) me 6b,n:e 37 CM. AKO OT H3lJHCJ1eHaTa ,ll.bJ1)KHHa aa cxenera 172 CM 113Ba,n:HM 100+37 (B CM), me ce oxasce, lJe none 35 CM OT crt.nanar a narope ca Ha,n:3H,n:aHH II.nH YHHmO)KeHH OT

CTpOHTe.nHTe na in.pxnara oure B cpe,n:1-I0BeKOBHeTO, xoero 06HCH5IBa aauto , ... CKeJ1eT N295 (6e3 KpaHHHUHTe) e 611.n ",n:eMoHTHpaH" H npnripan ... "16

4. LLb.n60lJHI-!aTa aa pa3.nH4HHTe lJaCTH na cxe.nera He ca I13MepeHH nocpencrsoa reoneTPH4I-i3 HHBe.naUHH, nop ann xoero H nanHHTe, H H3lJI1CJ1eHHHTa aa HaK.nOHa ua cxenera ca HeCHrypHH. B5IPHO e, 4e HaK.nOHbT e 01' r.naaara KbM normnre KpaiiHHu,H (rpaxr, KOHTO e npeztassuxan comiaxca non cxe.nera, npenu na e ",n:eMOHTl1paH"), HO TOBa e CP3I<T, YCTaHoBeH c.ne,n: cTo.neTI1H, xoraro ancH,n:HH5IT 3H,ll. Ha,n: cke.nera e yrr.nbTHH.n 3eM51Ta non ce6e cu H e rror-suan HaH-Ma.nKo C 10 CM. B pe3YJITaT aa TOBa ce e no.nysnna noope 3a6e.ne)KHMaTa nyKI-JaTHHa B ancnnnara CTeHa, 6e,ll.pemITe I<OCTI1 ca x.nbTHaJ1H cnpnno rasa, rpb6pa4HH,HT CTb.n6 ce e ,n:erpopMHpa.n crsnanosnnno narope, a rrepent.r e OCTaHa.n HaH-BHCOK017. Tlopann Te3H cb06pa}KeHH5I rrpeCM5ITaI1H5ITa na npesnureaaero Me}!{)]y runa H nernre ry6H CMHCbJ1. Y13.nHw"eH e BceKH omrr aa ,n:OKa3BaHe, lJe aHTHlJHHHT 3H,n: e pa36HBaH, 3a ,n:a ce BMeCT51T CTbrra.naTa Ha TIOrpe6aHH5I 01' rpoo 95, 3amOTO se-re noxa- 3aXMe, lJe nxonaara "I-!HWa" He e JIOl(a.nH3Hpanara OT Ornerra aa rpOTorparVleTpH5I KbM HHIJK ,n:yrrKa, a aKO ce orrHTBaMe ,n:a ,ll.OKallieM, lJe ztaere MHHMH "HHWH" ca npom.nacenae ezma na npyr a, HaK.nOHbT aa cxenera Tp5l6Ba ,n:a CTaHe I-Ia,D, 35 %.

LLoKaTo r-parpoauamrnoranre H3CJle,n:BaHH5I na C.n. I'ocnonnuoa rr04l1BaT na rpeWIHI H.nH necarypns H3XO,n:IHI ,n:aHHI1, TO XOpH30HTa.nHHTe H aeprnxannnre HI-ITepnpeTaUHH ua H. MywaHoB H K. fopaHOB18 He aacnyncaaar

13

•

.• 06p. 6. Fpadio-unasu muuuo U3C/ICOea!-ie Ita (KCMma

om iJP0695 (no CII. rOClWOU/1OC). Fig. 6. Elude grapho-analutique du sque lette du tcmbcau r5 (d'opres ""'.:::f"" St. Gospodinov)

• 06p. 7. I'patpusna 6'03cmaH06Ka-pa3pe3 no ocma na cxenem 95 (aemop M. Benuee) c sopexuust no iiannu na C. E06lieB. Fig. 7. Reconstitution graphique di section sur l' axe du squett 95. (auteur M. Benicheo] avec correction d'apres des donnees de S. Bobicheo

6

~HrYPA VI-a. DOJIO>KeHHe na CKeJIeT ,. 95 B paspea. ._

JIErEHLl.A; A - ancunna CTeHa. F - T)'xneH8 Deb:a. B - JKaJIOBeB pel. C - ancH)J.Ha ~. aoaa • .ll- STOPH nose ua ancuanara OCHOBa. G - norpedanaa nama. E - 8HTHqBa ereaa. H - 4>~a. AHpana OCHOBa. K _ ApeHa)KeHllaCHn. M - AynKa OT DK.IIOT. N - HHBO aa 8HT.QaIUI aKA. S

M'bK [xeprea]. P _ 063I1)1\A(lHC MCprCJIa. 0 - KaMcHH OT DOADpeCTOJIHaTa ocaoaa, T - npeCTOJl.

U - TYXJIeH3 uacrunxa. AaTOp: M. BeB'IeB 7

4. Ilocoxa cesep e crpeureua c 110.

5. I1PH ycnopenan 6e,n:peHH KOCTH na CKeJIeT C ,n:bJI)f{HHa 172 CM 6e3 CTapqeCKH HJIH

Bpo,n:eHH ,n:e¢opMaUHH Ha ,n:OJIHHTe KpaAHHUH pa3CT05IHI1eTO npn cr snanara e nan 35 CM, a brbJI a - Ha,n: 110.

14

•

Ha,nJIbiKHHS!T paspea CbUJ,O elf3paOOTeH He6pex<H0:

1. JlbJIiKHHa H8 CKeJIeTa 102 CM (sa JIHHeeH MaUJ,ao CJIyiKH KOTHpaHaTa OTCeqKa OT npeCTOJIa, pasna na 35 CM).

.2. Hmnara e c,n'bJIOOtIHU8 1/4 OT maposnnara ua PHMCKHH 3H,n, ,nOKaTos-nJIaHa e 113.

3. Cnopen rrspsara H rperara CKHna na

C. BootIeB HaH';HMcKaTa TOtIKa na rpaneaara e aan ,nOJIH01'O HUBO H3 anCH,nHHH 3H.n, a TyK e ooparao.

4. OTOeJIH3aHO e, tIe BXO.nbT na rporinara nama e B aHTHtIHHH 3H,n, KoeTO nporasopeqn Ha ,neHcTBHTeJIHOCTTa, KaKTO cn H npe,ncTaBHT H. XaHToB H M. BeHtIeB, a HMeHHo,·" ... tIe norpeoanaara uaura ce naanpa H3nHJIO BanCH,nHaTa cTeHa"19.

5. He MOiKe na He ce ouean KOHCTaTaUHHra ,ooatle, tie npoxonsr OT nHJIOTa e e.nHaKBO ,n06pe3ana3ea H HaA, H no,l( ,nO;1IHHTe KpaHHHnlf na CKeJIeTa.

Jla ce nanpasa TIbJIeH aHaJIH3 na cepnara rpa<pHtlHHBb3CTaHOBKH na M. BeHtIeB, TIyOJIHKYBaHFI 01' H. XaHTOB, e rpyzna sanaua. Te YMHUIJteHO ca narpynann He caMO C HeOOXO.nHMH, HO H C }.1HOrOH3JIHIIIHH (naii-aene He,nOKa3aHH) .neTaHJIH, KoeTO aarpyaaaaa pasqHTaHeTOHM. 11 ace nax:

C/Jueypa fl I. Csuua-pucussa na ancuosama OCH08a, cscmaeena 110' ceuaume na C.' Jjo6;_ 'l.es20• KbM HeS! HMaMe' eJle,nHMTe nO-BllJKHli Oe.TIeiKKH:

1. CbUJ,ecTByi3aHeto'iIa ropes oaHKeT (T) OT TyXJIH, pa3nOJIOiKeH OKOJIOBPbCT na anCM,nHHH 3H,n, e npennonoaceno OT C. Bo6tIeB, HO He H ,nOKa3aHO, sa ,na 6b,ne npencraseno B CKHnaTa-pHcYHKa:

2. B naere CKHnH na C.Bootles HMa nporaaopesae, ,naJIH nHJIOTHTe npeCHqaTH3UHJIO "HHIllaTa", HJIH ropHHHT HM KpaH e na HHBOTO aa cpenara H. M. Beaxes HenpaBHJIHO rH e CMbKHaJI aa HMBO ,l(bHO "HHma". AKo ,nynKHTe OT KOJIOBe oHxa H8 ',ll,bHOTO HI!' rpooa, osepraaasra HM' 'H8'H:i:fllOcpeAa'6e:ztpeHH 'KOtTH H SlMame Jla;'~e :nltatnalt lib 'CmtMKRte.

3. KOTHpdbKHte: 85 '1{'95 tMB1HFB1opaT8 CKHna na lC.BootlE!B ea 'ilanpaBeHB HaH.:.MaJIKO na 112 CM enaa 01' .npyra~· ,n6CTaThtrHOpa3- CTOH HHe, sa ,ll,a cenpoxeaa estnrl'yaJIHO 'MHM· aeaannara HaOCHOBaT~l nplfaHlm,nHH'SI"3H,n:

CbnocraBstHeTO HM enna no .npyra e aenpaBHJIHO.85 CM ca OTtleTeHH .no ,l(OJIHaTa J1HHMst aa HSlKaKBa xopocaaeaa Hl3HlI,a (KOHT() He e H306pageHa OT M. Beasen, samoro UJ,e noxpae nHJIOTHTe· If. ',ll,OJIHHTe Kpail:HHlI,HHa CKeJIeTa), a95CM - noropsoro HHEOHa ,nynKHTe OT nHJIOTH,KOeTOenocpe.nar8 aa "HHIllaTa". OT TOB8 cJ}e,nBa, tie aKO H Hue CH n03BOJIHM nacsnocraaax JlBereKOTMpOBKH, HHBOTO aa .nynKHTe OT nHJIOTH B "HHIllaTa" me ce oxaace na .nOJIHOTO aHBO aa xopocanena HBHlI,a(nJIaCT, 3aJIUBKa).

4. Ilpa BHHMaTeJIeHOrJ1e.n aa BTOPHS! p aspe3 OT rrspaara cxnna aa C. B06t1eB ce,BHiK,na,

tie e nonpaseno He caxo nOJIOiKeHHeTO aa CKeJ1eTa, HO n na "HHIllaTa". JIHtlaT JIOIIIO M3- TpHTHTeK03HpKa H sanaa CTeHa (KOSITO e OHJIa npo.nbJHKeHHe na SbTpeIll aara lfJaca.na aa anCHJl.HHH 3HJl.). BHiKJl.aT ce rrspsoaauanHHTe OtIepTaHHH')Ia KaMbKa B sanaara CTeHa. Tosa vnaaa 06stcHeHHe 3aUJ,0 ropHHHT Pb6 aa pHMCKaTa CTeHa e OCTaHaJI norpeuren (B enna OTBeCHa JIHHHH C p'boa aa K03HpKaTa).

Te3H HeH3HCHeHH nOJIOiKeHHH, KaKBO e BH.nHJ1 C.Bo6tIeB no speae aa pasxonxare, KaKBO e 3aCHeJI rorasa H KaKBO H samo e nonpasan CJIe,n ronana, ca npencraaena OT M. Bermea no HHKaKbB HatIHH, KoifTO He MOiKe .na 6b,ne yoenarenen: JIHnCBa HaKJIOHeHHHT rpm.r-saea KaMbK BJIHBO OT "HHllIaTa" (.nOKYMeHTHpaH H OT C. B06t1eB, H or <pOTOKaMepHTe; TbMHOTO neTHO .no xaxt.xa, 3aCHeTO npes 1972 r., ce TbJIKyBa KaTO ,nynKa OT JIHBaTa 6e,npeHa KOCT na CKeJIe1'a, a BCbUJ,HOCT MOiKe na 6b,ne OHa3H nynxa or KOJI, KOHTO e nOCOtIeHa OT C. Boosee aenocpencraeao xo .nHCHaTa crpana na TpHbrbJIHHH KaM'bK), CaMOBOJIHO ca npH6aBeHH HHKOJIKO pena cyxa saaapaa B.n;HCHO na "HHIllaTa" H non HeH. HHe CbUJ,OCTHrHaxMe zo nneara, tIe JIeHTaTa OT nHJIOTH e OHm! nO-IIIHpOKa OT anCH,nHHH 3H,n H tie pa3CTOSl· RHeTO MeiK.ny Hero If CTeHHTe na rpaameara e OHJIO' 3ai1'bJIHeHO C KaMbHH H 3eMH (aexa lSb;l\ecyxa 3HJlapHH HJIH ApeHaiK), no KOJIKOTO 11.0 cyxa aH,napHH rron ,nOJIHHTe KpaHHHu.H H caa C.' Bo6t1esHe ce e OCMeJ1HJI na H3pHcYBa. Toil: npOCTO e HanHCaJI non HHIllaTaB'bB BTOpara CKHlI,a .nYMHtlKaTa "npbcT".

5. Koraro enua Bb3CTaHOBKa e TBbP,ne nonpoeua, ronone H3BeCTHHTe ,neTaHJIH TPH6- aa na ca oe3YKopHH. TOBa ce OTHaCH He caxo 3aMaJIKHH nonaya, npexpscrea "ropeH 6aHKeT", HO It 3a pHMCKaTa crena, KOSITO He e H3rpa,neHa OT KBa.npH, a OT no.n6paHH, HaHsese penan KaMbHH.

C/Jueypa IV. KOM6uHupclH.ama cxuua M~dy CHUMKama na ancudnama OCH08a om 1974 e. u emopama C1<:Ulia «a C. Jj06'le821 nOBTapH rpemKuTeOTBelJe 8H8J1H3HpaHaTa CKHUa-PHcYHK8Aa' M.BeHlJeB:KosHpK8Ta OT xopocaa ("Ma3HJJKa" 'cnbpe,n'C.BootleB) e pasxscaaa na OT.neJ1HH OJIOKOBe (KaMbHH?); non "HHUIaTa" C8B3piIcynaHH penosere ua HecbUJ,ecTBYBaJ18 T8M' CYX8' '3uAapHH.

'e/Jueypa V. B peKOHcmpYKqUJlma (6"63Cma~ H08Ka) na ancuiinama oCH08a22 B 30HaTa H8 rp0695 bTHOSO ce 3a6eJIH3BaT HeC'bUJ,ecTBYBaUJ,H l1.eT3il:JIH - nan OHJIOTHTe H nan "HHIllaTa" ca ,aapHcYBaHH TyXJtH, HaJIHtIHeTO aa KOHTa' He e ,U.OKa3aHO no CKHnHTe aa C. B06t1eB, K03HpKaTa aa "HHIllaTa" e H3JIHTa OT xopocas ("Ma3HJIKa" - YTOtlHHBa C. Bo6tIeB BbB BTOpara CKHUa).

cfJueypa VI. flOAO'JICeHUemO na csesem M 95 6 nAaHa-6"63CmaH06Ka23 He orroaaps aa CKHnnre aa C. BOOtIeB H aa ,neil:cTBHTeJIHOCTTa, <pHKCHpana BbPXY <PoToMaTepHaJ1HTe:

1. AKo npaeaesr ,nbJIiKHHaTa aa tlepena

15

sa enunaua MHpKa, pa3CTOHI1HeTO Mem,n;y nero H OJITapHHH KaM'bK e paBHO na Ta3H enaaana; pa3CTOHHHeTO OT xepena ,n;o KaM'bHHTe B OCHOBaTa na OJITapHHH KaM'bK e OKOJIO 1/2 OT Ta3H eanaaua (06p. 4 a).

2. OT .aaaauaa na CHllMKllTe ce Bllm,n;a, lie 'npo,n;'bJImeHHeTo na ceaepoasrouuara JIllHIiH na OJITapHIiH KaM'bK npecaxa vsepena aa 5-10 CM OT TeMeTO (sexa 6'b)l.aT 20 CM, KaKTO H311HCJIllXMe Belle), a OT cxuuara ua C. B0611eB OT 1. VI. 1956 r. - lie rp'b6HallHllHT CT'bJI6 na CKeJIeTa OTCTOIi aa 35 CM; CJIe,n;OBaTeJIHO II B nJIaHa-B'b3CTaHOSKa Ha M. Bermea uenaar CKeJIeT TpH6Ba ,n;a ce OT,n;aJIellH OT rpaneaara H H3MeCT" K1>M ancnnHIiH 311,n; •

. 3. EJIeMeHT .N!! 1 e non nscaana JIaK'bTHa KOCT ua cxenera; npa oraea C or.JIeJ).aJIeH CTepeocxon aa J).BoHKa crepeocHflMKll. BKJIIOllaauia T03H eJIeMeHT, CeBu)K,ll;8.lIe npscrra OKOJIO CKeJIeTa e sspnecra, a T03H eJIeMeHT eoepaaysaaxaro lie JIll OT rpeosane C npasa JIOnaTa - nP'bCTTa e. saraaaeaa (no nea ca pasaaaaaa apsnua xopocan), KpaHT na )l.p'bmsara e OCTaBIiJI orneaarsx. OT csinara CTepeO)l.BOHKa H OT 06p. 5 ce BHm)l.a, lie CKeJIeT'bT e pa31111cTeH npena ,n;a ce Max He 113USlJIO npscrTa OT Hau-6JIH3KHSl )1.0 llepena ceBepOH3TOlleH 1>r'bJI na OJITapHHH KaM'bK. ABTOP'bT na B'b3- CTaHOBKaTa e Bll)l.HJI B Ta311 aeaspuaara npscr )l.OKa3aTeJICTBeHH eJIeMeHTH, lie CKeJIeT'bT "e norpeoeaae CJIe,n; crpoeaca aa U'bpKBaTa"24.

4. Beopenume «ocmu ca omxaseuu om masa u ca XA7JmHaAU HaaOAY nod HamUCKa tea suiia. Toea .MOJICe aa cmane, cauo aKO me ca sacmenenu npu «onenama om anCUaHUJl sua U Halleese. aKO .Me.1ICay mRX U KOSUpKama om xopocan e U.MaAO ao6pe ynA7JmHeHa .Maca om KaM7JHU U np7Jcm - HeIlI,O, . KoeTO e Han7JAHO H3KJIIOxeao npn norpeoeane CJIe,n; crpoesca aa U'bPKaara (CJIe)l. 113rHllBaHeTO aa MeKHTe llaCTIi' na THJIOTO H CJIHraHeTO aa npscrra HaA KOCTHTe lUe ce noayxa 06IlI,0 XJI'bTBaHe, BKJl. B "HHmara"; pOXKaBaTa HV'bCT B "HllwaTa" He MOme,n;a ynpaxcaa noerarscen HaTIiCK B'bpXy 6e,n;peHHTe KOCTH, sa na ,n;OBe,lJ.e ,lJ.0 OT)l.eJIHHeTO HM OT rasa H nor-ssaae Ha,n;OJIY C 10- 15 CM).

5. OT CKHuaTa aa C. B0611eB OT 12. VI. 1956 r. ce BHm,n;a, lie TpHTe )l.ynKH OKOJIO 6e)l.peanre KOCTH He ca non K03HpKaTa OT Ma3HJIKa, a ,H3B'bH HeH.

6. Pasaepur OT 102 CM OT OJITapHHH xaM'bK J).O ancanans 3H]J. (no csuiara CKHua na C. B0611eB) e aanecen norpeumo - CTOHHOCTra My cnopea HJIIQCTpaUHSlTaHa M. Bermea e 128 CM.

7. Be]J.peHJ<lTe KOCTH (cnopen CHHMKOBIiSl MaT8pnaJI) He ca C'b6paHIi B KOJIeHaTa, a ca ycnopenaa; npH pa~CTOHaHe OKOJIO 24. CM MemlJ.y TSlX pa3cToaIlJieT()Me~}'cT1>naJiaTa TPH6- aa Aa 6'b,lJ.e HaA35. ~M :---'"' HeJlOlISlTHO. pasrolIHTeJICTBO npH Ilp~AROJIafa~()To, pa36IIBaHe

Ha 3H,lJ.a. .

cf>Ueypa VI-a. H 8 nOAOJICeHUemO na CKenem M 95 8 paspes25 ce Ha6JIIO]J.aBaT oT6eJISl- 3aHIITe Belle rpeuixa H HeC'bOTBeTCTBHH C'bC CKHUHTe aa C. B0611eB H CHHM.KOBHSl MaTepHaJI:

1. K03HpKaTa Ha,n; 6e,n;peHHTe KOCTH e ,n;Ba n'bTH nO-TSlCHa (BHm CKHuaTa I. aa C. B0611eB

OT 12. VI. 1956 r.). ," ..

2. EJIeMeHT'bT "M- nynxa OT nHJIOT" e H3B'bH K03HpKaTa, a ropHOTO My HUBO e HaMepeHO npH pa3KonKHTe H~ HHBO cpe,n;a 6e,n;pena KOCTH (OTJlHlIHO ce BHm,n;a nopn na enaHHlIHHTe. CHHMKH, 6e3 nOMOIlI,Ta aa crepeocson) ,

3. EJIeMeHT'bT "H - <pYHlJ.HpaHa OCHOBa" He e ,n;OKa3aH; B csmara CKHua C. B0611eB e 3anHCaJI"np'bCT" •

4. EJIeMeHT'bT "K - ,n;peHaJKeH HaCHn" He e ,n;OKa3aH S'bB BH]J.a, xaxro .« nOKa3aH; B lJ.'bHOTO aa COlf,n;amaMe)K,ll;Y Taaa,rp'b6HaI{HHH CT'bJl6 H,n;HCHaTa nO,lJ.JIaK'bTHa KOCT,HanpaBeH OT apXeOJI03HTe, He ce BHm,n;aT KaM'bIiH.

5. n'bJI60I{HHaTa 85 CM lie e B3eTa Ha,n; CKeJIeTa,a IOmHO OT OJITapHHH KaM'bK (nauMaJIKO na 112 CM IOmHO OT cxenera).

6. n'bJI601lHHaTa 95 CM He e MepeHa OT TYXJIeHaTa HaCTHJIKa, a OT ropHOTO HHBO aa B'bJIH006pa3I1aTa urapxa (BHJK csuiara cxnua na C. B0611eB), H CTHra He ,n;o HHBOTO aa aHTHlIHHSl 3 H,lI. , a ,lI.0 cpeaara aa "HHwaTa" (,lI.0 HHBOTO Ha OTsopa OT nHJIOTa, ,lI.0 HHBOTO Ha cpenara aa 6e,ll.peHHTe KOCTH).

7. He e ,n;OKa3aHO, lie lIepen'bT JIemH sspxy eJIeMeHTa ,,0 - KaM'bHH OT nonnpecronaara OCHOBa".

8. Ta3'bT He e aanasea B'bB BH,lI.a, KaKTO e noxasaa, C'bUWTO BamH aa rp'b,ll.HHH KOW H sepena; JIHSaTa pt.xa e S'bpxy Ta3a, a He aa r-spnare. He06HCHHMll ca onHTHTe CKeJIeT'bT OT rpoo 95 ,lI.a. ce npeACTaBHnO~3ana3eH, aan'bJIHO sanasen, s OT.llHlIHOC'bCTOHHHe, OTKOJIKOTO e 6HJI B ,lI.eucTBHTeJlHOCT - asnoMallKaH npn crpoesca na uspxaara H npn ,lI.e<PoPMaII.HHTa " npea sexoaere.

Pe3YJITaTIITe OT e,ll.HH aenpenyoenea nonxon K'bM rpadmuaara H rpororpaqxxara ,lI.0- KYMeHTaII.HH Ha rp06 95, nona,ll.HaJI cJlYllaHHo B KonTYPIITe na II.'bpKBaTa "Cs. Ilapacxesa CaMap,lJ.)KHHCKa" npn HeHHOTO CTpOHTeJICTBO, He MoraT ,lI.a 6'b,lJ.aT npyr«. fIpeII.H3HpaHeTO HM 06alle e HeH36e)l{Ho II TO Mome na ce uanpasH C nOMOIlI,Ta aa HHmeHepliO-reOJImKKa H Me,ll.HKO-aHTpOnOJIOrHlIeCKa excneprasa.

Osepraaara TeH,lI.eHII.HH, lie <paKTHTe He nonxpenar resara sa norpeoeaae, 1I3B'bpWeHO caen crpoexca ua U'bpKBaTa, e aeotiparana. Y CTOHTe aa Ta3H XHnOTe3a ce .. nO,!l;KOnaBaT KOCBeHO H OT HeKOMneTeHTHOTO(1J.a He Ka3BaMe OTHOSO HeKopeKTHOTO) T'bJIKysaHe aa <paKTIITe, II OT HeYMeJlOTO OTCHBaHe na HCTHHaTa OT 3a6JIY,ll.aTa (06p. 7).

fIOBTOPHOTO H3CJIe,ll.BaHe ua apXeOJIOfHlIecxa cIITyaII.HH sese 6e3 crpararparpcxa npo<pHJI npea oxare, KaK'bBTOe CJIyqaSlT. C norpe- 6eRne 95, H3HcKsa BC'bIlI,HOCT 3a]J.'bJI601leHO

aa ce aHaJIH3Hpa ,llHHaMHKaTa 'aa e,lllfH H3- KYCTBeHO npeK'bCHaT npouec - norpeoenae (B'b3paCT, nOJI, aHaTdMH1:J:HH ,neq>eKTH II JIHnCH anre MopTeM) - CTpOHTeJICTBO (,ll'bJI601lHHa

'Ha OCHOBHTe, HallHH aa nsrpaactaaero HM,

1 H. X a H TO B. rpOO'bT aa BaclIJI JIeBCKH.

DJIOB;WB, 1987, c. 97: "CKeJIeT'bT na rasa cxuua ue.l\H'b>K e 6HJI uapacysaa, HO CJIe,n TOBa H3tpHT H H3- rervren K'bM noanp ecroaaara OCHOBH."

2 E. M. D a UI K II H, r. B. B e C C 0 HOB.

,UHarHOCTHKa ,ne<popMaUHH rraMHTHHKOB apXHTeKTYpu. M., 1984,' c. 17: "PaBHoBecHeTo aa cacrexara ,,<PYH,naMeH'r:-ocHoBa" ce OCHrypHBaJlO He C<tMO KaTO ce YBeJIHqaBIIJIa nJIOlUT<t aa <PYH,naMeHTHl'e. B peaaua C.'lyqaU ce npanaraao H3KYCTBeHO yxperraaue HII ellaGHH repea xpea 3a6HBaHe na K'bCH (1-1,5 M) ,n'bpBe· HH nHJlOTH - cnoc06, H3BeCTeH oiae B npeanopycxara apxHTeKTypa. DHJIOTHTe ce 3a6HBaJlll non OT,neJJIIH ·11 JleHT'b'lHH Ij:lYH,naMeHTH, a npa Cl'POHTeJJCTBOTO na ocoeeao BHCOKH H MaCHBHH c'bOp'b>KeHHH - B'bpXY UHJIaTa CTpOHl'eJIHa IIJlOlU."

• H. X a H TO B, UHT. C'b'l.,CH. I, 5, 6. <I DaK TaM, CH. 2.

6DaK TaM, CIi, :2.

8 DaK TaM, CH. 9 II II.

? H. X a H TO B. DOCJle).(HHTe MHrOBe H rpo- 6bT aa BaCHJI JIeBCKH. D,10B)I,HB, 1985, HJI. 9.

8 DaK TaM, !lJl. 5.

I C T. M H X a H JI 0 B. U'bpKBaTa "CB. DeTK<t CaMap.l\>KHHCKa" B COqlHH. - IhcJIe).(BaHHH B rraver

6e./le3H sa ,lle<P<>PMaUHH na C'bOp'b}KeHHeTO)norpeoeane (,lle<jJeKTH" JIHnCH H ,lle¢opMaUHH nOCT MOpTeM1 TaKOB3 H$CJIe,llBaHe e 3an01!HaTO OT AHM H pe3YJITaTHTe me O'b,llaT 06- napoaaaaa B Uaii-CKOPO spexe.

;;: ..

aa Kapen lllKoprrHJI, 1962, 168-169.

10 Te3H npOTHBOpe'lHH ea lIecp3BHIIMO no-cepn03HH, 01KOJIKOTO H3KYCTBeHO C'b3).(3)!.eHIITe .1lHCC B pe.''1YJlTaT aa n030BaBaHHHT<t no naxer.

11 H. X a H TO B. rpoG'bT ... , C. 106.

12 H. X a H T 0 B. DOCJle).(HHTe MHrOBe ..• ,

HJI. II.

13 DIIK TaM, C. 73.

11 Penp0).(yKUHH re OT CKHUHTe na C. B06qeB ca noaauraara OT asropa (Il. B'snes) C ryur (non ayna), aa ).(a npoxaxar npn THXHOTO ornexaraaae H3TpHBaHH ara II HaH-Be'le xorupoexara 35 CM OT OJlT3pIJIIlI KaM'bK )!.O rp'b6Ha'lHH 51 CT'bJI6 aa cxenera.

16 H. X a H TO B. UHT. C'b'!. 78-79.

If DaK TaM, C. 70. , 17 AH8JIH3'bT e 113B'bpllieH no C'fepeo<POTO)!.OKY:

MeHTaUlIlITa Ha 06eKTa.

18 H. X a H TO B. I..(HT. CM., HJI. 12 Ii 13. 18 H. X a if TO B. rpoG'bT .. " C. 102.

20 DaK TaM, C. 98.

21 DaK raM, C. 100.

22 DaK TaM, C. 102.

23 DIIK TaM, C. 104.

2<1 DaK ran,

16 DaK TaM, C. 105.

Analyse de certains materiaux graphiques

et photographiques du tombeau 95 dans l'eglise "Sveta Paraskeva Samardzljska a Sofia

P. vsrev

(R e sum e)

De 1977, apres que les travaux de construction et de conservation de 1 'eglise "Sveta Paraskeva Samardfijska" a Sofia atteignent une etape que ne permet pas de faire des verifications sur place, concernant 1 'existence de "nkhe sepulcrale" dans' Ie mur d'autel de l a memeeglise, un pr()bl~ aawien et resol u depuis Jongtel1lP,s,;ls!lv()i(!esq4elet1e, y .decouvert ali C()UfS de 1956, a-t-ilete trouve laf ors de cette construction medievaleou Melii! provient d 'uri enterrement plus recent, est de ncuveaual 'ordre du jour.

Les partisans de l a these que I'inhumation II eu lieu au XIXe S. rejettent l e journal des fouilles, les observations et les conclusions des archeologues, publies deja en 1962, en consider ant comme etant absolue Ia documentation graphl que et photogra-

phique de I 'objet. . .'

L'auteur de I'arttcle analyse en detail la plus

3 ApXeOJIOrIlH, 1, 1988

grande partie de cette documentation et en devoilant Ia possibil ite par des observations stereoscopl ques du materiel photographique d'obtenir des donnees nouvelles sur I'inhumation et en general au sujet de Ia situation dans. I' auteld,e I 'egltse, demontre que I~ .paI:.tj::ialls de cettethesecnt commis des err(furs ~sseritieT1e:s lots du dechiffrement de la documentation, tout en interpretant une grande partie des faits· d'une maniere Incompdtente ou pre meditee.

En ccncluslon I'auteur releve que Ia precision desnouveauxresultats it lat dc d'une expertise technico-geologiqueet medlco-anthropologique, entreprise par ,l' Institutet le musee archeologlque de I' Academiebulgare des sciences ne changera pas la tendance exlstante d'apres laquelle l es faits lie conIirment pas la these d'enterrement fait apres la construction de 1 'eglise.

17

PeKOHcrpYKQHH Ha KaMeHHH H OnOBHH KOTBH OT Lllariaencxara MY3eHHa .. C6HpKa_

ATAHAC OPAllEB, I1BAHKA OPAllEBA

B xpas na xeceu asrycr 1984 r. 6.11aro- MeHT OT ]J.Bypora KOTBa, aanpaseaa OT O.11OBHa

napeaae sa noxaaara na B. Ilapymes OT (?) Cn.11aB8.

On "KY.11TYPHO-HcTopHlfecKo HaC.11e.u.cTBo" - PaHOH'bT na MecToHaMHpaHeTo aa KOTBe-

rp. TOJI6YXHH, HaTOBapeH C H3rOTBHHeTO aa HHH MaTepHa.11 .u.oKYMeHTHpa HaJIHlfHeTO na

eKcn03HUHOHHHH nJIaH na Illacneacxara MY- npesea npacraamuea 6aceHH, KOHTO cnopen

3eHHa c6HpKa, HMaXMe B'b3MOmHOCT .u.a ce sa- aoceraumare .u.aTHPOBKH na OT.u.eJIHHTe rano-

n03HaeM C'bC C'bXpaHHBaHaTa TaM KOJIeKlI.HH BeD sanossa .u.a <}lYHKUHOHHpa HHK'b.u.e B K'bC-

OT KOTBH H KOTBeHH sacra. Cnen KaTO onpene- xara' 6pOH30Ba enoxa H e nocemasaa OT nna-

.11'HXMe OT.u.eJIHHTe THnOBe H pa3HOBH.u.HOCTH BaTe.11HH cszoae sax .u.o enoxara aa K'bCHaTa

H rH narapaxxe C'b06pa3HO csmecrsysamare aHTHlfHOCT10• OTKPHTHHT .u.ocera aaxpasc no-

B aareparypara MHeHHHl, npe.ll.JIOmHXMe B TB'bpm.u.aBa JIOKaJIH3iill.HHra aa JI. EomKOBll,

eKcn03HUHHTa .u.a 6'b.u.aT H3.110meHH peKOH- KOHT() nOCTaBH cnOMeHarOTO BApuaHOBHH U

CTpyKUHH C. opHrHHaJIHH npe.u.CTaBHTeJlHH ex- AHOHHMHHH nepHnJIYCH na qepHo Mope H

3eMnJIHpH, KOHTO .u.06pe HJIIOCTpHpar pa3BH- OOMnOHHH MeJIa12 - KapHHCKO npacraamne

THeTO aa npesnare KOTBH. B T03H paHOH13.

KaKTO B lfym.u.aTa2, rasa H B 6'bJIrapCKaTa 3a peKOHCTpYKUHHTe H36paXMe no eaan

apxeoaoraxecxa aareparypa" ce cpemar He- npe.u.CTaBHTeJIeH eK3eMnJIHp OT BCHlfKH TH-

MaJIKO onHTH sa peKOHCTpYKll.HH aa ClT.u.eJI- nose. <l>parMeHTHTe OT me.11e3HH KOTBH H

HHTe THnOBe KOTBH. B'snpexa pasurapenara T03H OT OJIOBHaTa cnnas nopaaa HaJIHlfHeTO

HanOCJIe.u.'bK 6a3a Ha npOYlfBaHHHTa (OTKpHBa- Ha pe.u.HlI.a Tpy.u.HOCTH OT TeXHHlfeCKH xapaK-

He na sanaaeaa .u.'bpBeHH sacra OT aHTHlfHH rep sacera HHMaMe npenann KaTO 06eKT na

KOTBH, H3n0.113YBaHeTO na xuoro H306pameHHH, B'b3CTaHOBHBaHe. TYK npeacraaaxe xacr OT

OnHTHTe C eKcnepHMeHTaJIHH MO.u.eJI~ 1'1 .u.p,4) TeXHUlfeCKaTa .u.OKYMeHTaUUH, B'b3 OCHOBa aa

see oine csapeaeaaara MopCJ{a apXeO.11OfH5!. e KOHTO 6Hxa aanpasean B'b3CTaHOBKH B Ma-

nanes OT OKOHlfii1'MHO'l'O pa3~eu;aaaHe: ua . ma6. 1,: 1 C oplirHHaJIHHTe KOTBeHH xacru. MHoro np06.11eMU OKOJIO KOHCTpyifl'itBmlTe OCO~ 'PeKoHcTpYHpaHHTeKoTBH sene ca H3JIomeHH

6eHocTH aa enao OT OCHOBHHTe Kopa6HH C'bO- B eKcn03HUUHTa aa IlIa6JIeHcKaTa MY3eHHa

p'bmeHUH B npeaaocrra. ETo santo HH ce crpy- c6upKa. '

sa, Ife H aannrre YCHJIHH B Ta3H HaCOKa HHMa 1. Kasenna «omea c mpu omeopa (06p. 1)

.u.a 6'b.u.aT H3JIHlllHH, ocooeao aKO ce HMa npen- OT nerre llla6JIeHCKHeK3eMnJIHpa (TpH

BH.u. Hym.u.aTa OT noopo npencraasne aa H3- OT KOHTO tpparxeurapaaa) H36paxMe HaH-

KJIlOlfHTeJIHO HHTepecHH H MHor06poHHH 06- .u.06pe 06pa6OTeHHHT. Komara HMa Tpaneuo-

pa3UH, narpynarnr npes nOC.11e]J.HoTo necera- BH.u.Ha <}1opMa (no-rosao npH3MaTulfHa C oc-

.11eTHe B aaunrre KpaH6pemHH MY3eH. HOBa na rpanen) C'bC CHMeTPHlfHO pa3nOJIOiKe-

KOTBHTe OT Illaonencxara MY3eHHac6HpKa HH OTBOpH. H3pa60TeHa e OT BapoBHK. 00

ca naxepena B 3aJIHBa npa naeumaa Illao.nea- ropnara OCHOBa aa Tpaneua JIUlfaT .u.06pe

CKH <}lap KaKTO npa penosaa apXeOJIOrHlIeCKH C.11e.u.H OT npnn'spaaatuoro B'b)Ke. OOB'bPXHOCT-

npoyssaaaa, P'bKOBo.u.eHH OT r. TOHlfeBa~ H ra if e 6HJIa xaoro noope 06pa60TeHa, nuec

M. JIa3apoBO, raxa H CJIYlfaHHO npa H3B'bp- cpaBHUTeJIHO cJIa60 nospeneaa OT .u.eHHocTTa

ursaaero aa .u.pyru no.u.BO]J.HH .u.eHHocTH. 3a na Mu.u.aTa-KaMeHonp06HBalf. Ma.11KOTO KOH-

C'b)KaJIeHHe re ace oiue He ca ny6JIHKYBaHH, neHTpaUUH OT MOPCKH opraHH3MU nOKa3BaT,

a cpen THX ce cpemar eK3eMnJIHpH, KOHTO npen- Ife npes nO-rOJIHMaTa xacr OT npeCTOH CH non

CTaBHT peaaua HHTepeCHH .u.aHHH He caxo aa .sonara TH e 6aJIa saposeaa B nncsxa. B .u.OJI-

HCTOPHHTR na Kopa60nJIaBaHeTO B paaoaa, nara ifaCT JIHlfaT CJIe.u.H or or-rynsaae, nOJIYlfHJIH

HO H sa MopCKaTa UCTOPHH H apXeOJIOrHH ce HaBHpHO ouie no spexe H3 HeRHaTa exc-

B UHJIOCT. BH.u.HHaTa OT Hac KOJIeKlI.HH ce cs- nJI'OaTaUHH. B cpenara sa .11UueBaTa if crpaua

CTOH OT: ner KaMeHHH KOTBH C TpH orsopa, ct.aspiueno HCHO JIUlfU .u.'bJI60KO BpH3aH KP'b-

eaaa .u.'bro06pa3Ho H3BHT mox (HanpeQHHK) CToBH.u.eH 3HaK, B'b3MOiKHO JIeKO noepenea B

OT C'bCTaBHa KaMeHHo-.u.'bpBeHa naypora KOTBa, e.u.HHHH CH KpaH OT KOHKpeUHHTe H MH.u.aTa-

.u.Ba OJIOBHH moxa C 0-06pa3eH )KJIe6, enan KaMeHonp06HBalf14. TOBa e n'bpBHHT curypea

OJIOBeH mox C napanenenanenna ¢oPMa C'bC "ereHcKH 3HaK", OTKpHT m.pxy KOTBa OT qep-

3a06JIeHH xpaama H OTBOP B cpeaara, .u.Ba HOMopHeTO. MapKHpaHeTO aa KaMeHHH KOTBH

OJIOBHH uioxa C OTBOP H onopa sa BpeTeHO- C TpH orsopa C no.u.06HH 3HaUH e lllHPOKO 3aCT'b-

T07, e.u.uH rp'bKO-pHMCKH (?) OJIOBeH mox - neao HBJIeHHe B H3TOlfHOTO Cpe.u.H3eMHOMopHeI6.

KYTHeCT THn, <}lparMeHTU OT aHTUlfHU (pHM- Tpaneuoaanaara <PaPMa e HaH-IfeCTO cpe-

CKH?) meJIe3HH nsypora KOTBH H enaa <}lpar- mana npa KOTBHTe OT T03U Tun10• 3a pa3JIHKa

18

({

III

o 10 20 30cm

1

.06p. 1. Kauenua tcomea c m.pu omeopa . Fig. 1. Ancre en pierre avec trois ouiicr tures: a j noeneo C uanpeuuu puepeeu; a) vue avec sections transversa les; 6) na npeuen paepes I/o. pesoncmpunuusuna: 6) section transversale de 10. reconstruction; 6) otiu; 6Ua IW peKONcmpusuusuna 6) aspect general de la reconstruction

06aqe OT Cpe,ll,H3eMHOMopcKHTe pa3HOBH,lI,HOCTH17 TYK HMaMe cneuaqmsuo pa3rrOJIO)KeHHe na OTBopHTe - npn namara KOTBa H TpHTe orsopa ca KpbrJIH H HMaT e,ll,HaKbB ,lI,HaMeTbp18. TaKHBa ca anpoxev BCHqKH OTKpHTH ,lI,OCera KOTBH OT IJbJIrapcKOTo lJepHoMopCKO Kpal'i6pe)KHe19. Has-seposrnara ,lI,aTHpOBKa na KOTBaTa e KbCHaTa 6pOH30Ba enoxa'". T103BOJI5lBaMe CH aacer a na CBbp)KeM T03H THrr KOTBH OT .u06pY,lI,)KaHCKOTO Kpail6pe)KHe C T. Hap. "rrpHMopCKH BapHaHT" ua KY nrypa KOCJIO,lI,)KeHH, KaTO rn ,lI,aTHpaMe OCHOBHO B XIVXII B. rrp. H. e.21

Ilpenarosnaae cnennara peKOHCTpYKUH5l.

Ilpes rOpHH5l OTBOP e MHHaBaJIO npnaspaaauio Bb)Ke, KoeTO BCJIe,ll,CTBHe aa MHoroKpaTHaTa ynorpeoa e OCTaBHJIO CJIe,ll,H rro ropnara OCHOBa na rpaneua H orsopa. Te3H CJIe,ll,H OT Bb)KeTO rr03BOJI5lBaT ,lI,a ce OTXBbPJI5lT pexonCTPYKUHHTe, KOHTO npenno.narar HaJIHqHeTO ua I<OJI B rOpHH5l OTBOP H npam.paaamo Bb)Ke KbM Her022. KaTO HMaMe npensan KOTBHTe, Te)KalUH no HeKOJIKOCTOTHH I{HJIOrpaMa, KOHTO ce cpeniar cpen Cpe,ll,H3eMHOMopCKHTe23 H cpen 6bJIrapCKHTe eK3eMnJI5lpH24, npnenaxe, "Ie no npnaunn ,lI,peBHHTe MOP5lUH ca rrOCTaB5lJIH B ,lI,OJIHHTe ziaa ornopa nO,ll,BH)KHH KOJIOBe, KOHTO ca H3rrbJIH5lBaJIH pOJI5lTa aa pora. HailBep05lTHO e Te ,lI,a ca 6HJIH MOHTHpaHH Herro-

Cpe,ll,CTBeHO npenn XBbpJI5lHeTO na KOTBaTa BbB sonara - B npOTHBeH cJIyqail re 6Hxa ce qynHJIH OT rOJI5lMaTa Te)KeCT. Bi.npexn "Ie nauiara KOTBa e cpaBHHTeJIHO JIeKa (OKOJIO 50 xr), pexoncrpynpave nsa nO,ll,BH)KHH H3- BHTH pora. Porara Hail-Bep05lTHO ca HMclJIH B cpenara orropa H OTBOP sa Ha6HBaHe aa umnenr, CJIY)KHJIH aa cTa6HJIHOTO aaxpensaHe KbM xam.xa. 0pHHUHnbT na ,lI,el'icTBHe e 5lCeH - OT Te)KeCTTa na KaMeHHaTa qaCT KOTBaTa e nOTbBaJIa 6bP30, KaTO ,lI,BaTa pora ca 3aXanBaJIH rp ynr a.

2. Kauenen 140K c «emupucmpanen :JICAe6 - cscmaena «auenno-irspeena anmuuna oeypoca «omea c oeycmpaHHa cenotisa (o6p. 2)

KaMeHHH5lT mOK OT Ula6JIeHCKaTa c6HpKa HMa ,lI,broBH,lI,Ha <popMa (naycrpanno H3BHT) H MHoro noripe H3pa60TeH qeTHpHCTpaHeH )KJIe6. 00 nOBbpXHOCTTa My JIHqaT CJIa6H CJIe,ll,H OT OqYKBaHH5l. .uBycTpaHHaTa ,lI,bra H )KJIe6bT n03BOJI5lBaT Toil na 6b,ll,e OTHeceH cnopen npenJIO)KeHaTa OT Hac KJIaCH<pHKaUH5l25 KbM HailKbCHHTe pa3HOBH,lI,HOCTH, KOHTO na 6a3aTa aa arrOJIOHHilcKHTe MOHeTH26 H napanenare OT BOTHBHH KaMeHHH IUOKOBe OT MOPCKH xpaMOBe B Cpe,ll,H3eMHOMopHeT027 MoraT zta 6b,ll,aT nOCTaBeHH OCHOBHO B VB. np. H. e.

OPH T03H BH,lI, IUOKOBe uan-aepoarna e ,lI,BYCTpaHHaTa CrJI06Ka, sese npeanoacena B JIHTepaTypaTa28. .uonbJIBaMe peKOHCTpYKUHHre na r. KanHTeH C enao y,ll,e6eJI5lBaHe na BpeTeHOTO B 06JIaCTTa na IUOKa Bb3 OCHOBa Ha peJIe<pHTe OT anOJIOHHilcKHTe MOHeTH, Kb,lI,eTO TO JIHqH 5lCHO (06p. 3)29.

19

B'ssnpneaaae MHeHHeTO na H. MapKOB30, xoiiro rrpaBHJIHO npezmo.noaca, qe nsere qaCTH Ha CbCTaBHOTO BpeTeHO ca 6HJIH H3pa60- TeHH OT npenaapnrenno H36paHYI pa3KJIOHeHH5I na ,n:bPBO (narana). Illupnnara aa speTeHOTO e onpeaenena OT iuupnuara na qenfpHCTpaHHU5I )KJIe6. )lbJI)KHHaTa na BpeTeHOTO MO)Ke ,n:a ce npenno.noaca Bb3 OCHOBa na arroJIOHHi1cKHTe MOHeTH. TaM CbOTHOllIeHHeTO Me)K,n:y ,n:bJI)KHHaTa na 1iI0Ka H spereuoro sapupa npa pa3JIHqHHTe pa3HoBu,n:HOCTH OT 1: 1,25 ,n:o 1 :2. Ilpaexaxe ycpenneun rrapaMeTpH- 1: 1 ,6. c[J0pMaTa H brbJIa na porara Crrp5IMO spereaoro pexoacrp ynpaxne OTHOBO Bb3 ocHOBa Ha peJIe¢HTe OT arrOJIOHHllCKHTe MOHeTH. PeJIe¢HTe BbPXY MOHeTHTe rr03BOJI5IBaT csmo raxa na ce Bb3CTaHOB5IT nse npnaspaaaum Bb»cera, KaTO TOBa B ,n:OJIHaTa qaCT aa BpeTeHOTO

C: fDI~ __ ~~

({

e c.'1Y)KeJIO aa JIeCHOTO orxanane na por ara Ha KOTBaTa rrpu orrHTHTe 3a HellUOTO H3Ba)Knane.

.06p. 2. JI,Gycmpa/-u-lo O'bc06LlrJ/-lO U3GlIm KO,lIeHeH l.U,OK C «emupucmpanen ~c/le6 Fig. 2. Jas ell pierre arque oblong bilatcra l avec une rainure quadrilaierale: a) Il02 .. WOU c nanpeuen paepes a) vues avec section transversale; 6) useneou ua pexoncmputcuusima; 6) oues de la reconstruction; e) o6U{ eui) Na petconcm pipcuustma e) aspect gelleral de la reconstruction.

• 06p. 3. Peneqn: «a tuonoeu iJeYP02u someu. C 06Ycmp anna C2A061W om anOAOI-lUllCKU A10l-lCmU Fig. 3. Reliefs d'ancres de ius avec [ointure bitaterale de monnaies apo lloniennes: a) «astenen tuo« (?) c o6ycl1lpal-l/-lG rh2a a) [as en pierre (?) aoec arc bilateral; 6) «astenen l.U,OK c eiinocmpanna oua 6) [as eli pierre avec arc bilateral; 8) onoeen tuo« c Ol1l60PU sa ocueupumenno 6bJICe U tun nentn 6) [as ell p lomb avec des ouoertures pour corde de surete et eclisse

e06p. 4. Il punuunuo oeiicmeue na o6yp02a tuosoea «omea Fig. 1. Actioll de principe d'ancre de ias bicorne

20 40 60cm

20

2

3

4

Cnopen Hai'!-pa3npOCTpaHeHOrO cpezi H3- CJ1e,n:BaQHre MHeHHe31 HMeHHO KaMeHHHre uicKOBe npencranar HOBH5l eran B paaanrnero

e

na npeamrre KOTBH - uioxoaara xoraa. HeitHH5lr npummn na ,n:eiicrBHe (BmK o6p. 4) e CJ1e,n:HH5lr: non rencecrra na moxa xornara

21

6~p30 nOT~Ba, KaTO TOR ce 3a6HBa nepneH,!{HKYJI5IpHO B rpynra. ITPH m.psoro no-cePH03HO nonp-snsaae na B~)KeTO 11.\0K~T ce aaaspra na 90" H enna OT JIanHTe saxansa rpynra.

I1sKa3aHo e H CTaHOBHl1.\eTO, qe KaMeHHHTe 11.\0KOBe npe'!{CTaBJI5IBaT ,!{y6JIH na OJIOBHH 11.\0- KOBe, KOHTO ca 6HJIH nOCTaB5IHH KaTO BOTHBHH B xpanoaere na MOPCKH 60)KeCTBa32. Cera aacera cpen MopCKHTe HCTOPHUH nannenaaa CXBal1.\aHeTO, cnopen KoeTO 11.\0KOBaTa KOTBa ce n05IB5IBa H5IK~,!{e OKOJIO 600 r. np. H. e.33 To ce rpann ua CBe,!{eHHeTO na Erpop, cnopen KoeTO ,!{ByporaTa KOTBa 6HJIa H306peTeHa OT "cKHTa" Aaaxapcnc'". He Tp5I6Ba ,!{a ce 3a- 6paB5IT oriane H CBe,ll,eHH5ITa ua ,!{pym anTHqHH asropu, KOHTO OT CB051 crpana npanncBaT TOBa H306peTeHHe na cppHrHRCKH5I uap M'H,!{ac HJIH na EBnaJIaMOC OT CHKHOH35.

·3. OJl08en U{OK C Il-otipasen :J/CJle6 - COcmaena OJl08Ho-iJ'op8eHa «omea C 08ljCmpaHHa CcJl06Ka (06p. 5)

OT T03H THn ca OTKpHTH 1\1I-I0ro eK3eJl1nJI5IpH or Bsnrapcxoro 4epHoMopCKO KpaR6pe)KHe. ITo rrpaBHJIO Te HMaT cpopMa Ha y,ll,~JI)KeHa npH3Ma C TpaneUOBH,!{HO CeqeHHe, Ha qH5ITO T5ICHa crpana e H3,!{~JI6aH npasor.r-snea )KJIe6. ITPH noseuero H3BeCTHH HH eK3eMnJI5IpH OT 4epHOMopHeTO TOR 06HKHoBeHo e 6HJI nOCTaB5IH B cpenara na 11.\0 Ka36 •

ITO,!{06HO pa3nOJIO)KeHHe na )KJIe6a ce cpeuta H npn e,!{HH YHHKaJIeH sacera KaMeHeH 11.\0K, OTKpHT B aKBaTOpH5ITa na HOC KaJIHaKpa npes 1978 r. 37 ITPH nsara Illa6JIeHCKH eK3eMnnapa otiaxe )KJIe6~T e H3HeceH B ennara crpana, Hel1.\O KoeTO C~I1.\O ce cpeiua cpen rr03HaTHTe I1.\OKOBe38• ITpe,!{BH'!{ cpaBHHTeJIHO rOJI5IMaTa

l I I 7 ~
H
C I I ]
a 8

22

'!{e6eJIHHa na Te3H 11.\0KOBe, BpeTeHOTO H3r JIe)K,!{a C~I1.\O e 6HJIO ,!{BYCTpaHHO. Illnpnaara na BpeTeHOTO ce onpeneas B 0611.\H JIHHHH OT roJIeMHHaTa ua )KJIe6a. TYK 06aqe sa pa3JIHKa OT CrJI06KaTa npn KaMeHHHTe I1.\QKOBe HMeHHO ,!{~JI60KH5IT Il-oopaaen )KJIe6, B KORTO ca BJIH- 3aJIH npe,!{BapHTeJIHO H3p5l3aHH qaCTH OT C~CTaSHOTO BpeTeHO, He e n03BOJI5IBaJI CTI'aHHqHOTO ,!{BH)KeHHe na 11.\0Ka. BCHtIKH OCTaHaJIH KOHCTPYKTHBHH oc06eHOCTH ca C~I1.\HTe, KaKTO npn C~CTaBHHTe KaMeHHo-,!{~pBeHH 11.\0KOBH KOTBH39•

Cpen OJIOBHHTe 11.\0KOBe Te3H C IT-06pa3eH )KJIe6 H3rJIe)K,!{aT KaTO HaR-apXaHqHH. T03H cpaKT, KaKTO H H5IKOH ztpyrn C~06pa)KeHH5I40 HH n03BOJI5IBaT ,!{a rn narnpaae sa paaona na fi~JIrapCKOTO 4epHOMopHe OCHOBHO B VIVB. np. H. e.

.06p. 5, Osoee« UjOK c nero usnece« e eilnama cmpaua fl-06pa301 Jlc/le6Fig, 5. Jus de plomb avec rainure legerement aoance dans lin cOle en forme de Il: a) noeneou c nan pe-en paspee a) oues avec section transversale 6) U3c/WOU u oemausu na cenotncama ; 6) cues et detail de jointure; e) 0611{ euo na pesoncmpukuu sma 0) aspect general de la reconstruction

.06p_ 6. Ileqcmpanno iJ"eoeuilHo U3Bum onoeen UjOK c omeop . Fig. 6. Jas de plomb bilateralement recourbe en arc avec ouuerture: a) n02/leOU U nan peuett paspes a) oues et section transcersale 6) noeneiiu c nanpesen paspes na osoena cmeeaiuca sa OOYP02a «omea 6) cues avec section transcersale de serre- ioints en plomb pour un arc bicorne; 0) useseou ua pesoncmpusuu sma- 0) vues de la reconstruction; 2) 0611{ euo na pesoncmpunuusuna 2) aspect general de la reconstruction

.06p. 7. Osoee« UjOK C onopa sa epemenomo u omeop sa uuisenma, Fig. 7. J as en plomb avec support pour la verge et ouoerture pour I'eclisse; a) noeneou c nanpe'left paspee; a) vues avec section transversale; 6) U3' eseilu na pesoncmpuxuu sma : 6) oues de la reconstruction; 0) 0611{ BUiJ na pesoncmpusuu sma 0) aspect general de la reconstruction

a 10 20 30cm

[,-,"",~:,",

6

5

(ODD)

o 10 20 30cm

a

r II

\ p.: l 1'1

: II I !

6

o 10 20 30cm

a

-1iII.~~~~--:- -_::--~~=:-__;: r-:

~~-

6

7

4. JI.7JcOeUaeH onoee« UJ,OK C omeop e cpe-

iiama - C7JCmaeHa onoeno-irspeena aeypoca

«omea C .MaCUeHO (?) epetneno (06p. 6)

OT T03H THn ca OTKpHTH ,lJ.OCTa eK3eMnJI5IpH.

Cpeniar ce rn.OKOBe c npaBObfbJIHa41 H m.roBH,lJ.Ha ¢opMa42. 3a peKoHcTpYKUH5I nsripax-

Me ,lJ.bfOBH,lJ.HOH3BHT mox. B JIHTepaTypaTa sa nO,lJ.06HH rn.OKOBe ce npen.narar peKOHCTpyKUHH C MaCHBHO BpeTeH043. Bb3MO)f{HH ca 06aQe H ,lJ.BYCTpaHHHTe CfJI06KH. TIPH H3- 60p Ha MaCHBHO BpeTeHO Tp5l6Ba ,lJ.a ce HMa npenann H Bb3MO)f{HOCTTa ,lJ.a ce peKoHcTpyH-

23

.. ::.. .. --

a

.06p. 8. Il pu nuu nnu cxenu U U3i!AfOU na ('bemOlJrla OIJyp02a OA06flO-O'bpBeHa anmunna «omea C onoeen IlI,OK «umuecm mu n . Fig. 8. Schemas de principe et uues d'an cre antique en p lomb et un bois bicorne avec [as en p lomb, type de boite

pa 11 eanopor-a KOTBa44• TbM KaTO none ~Ocera OT aKBaTopH~Ta Ha ~peBHHTe npHcTaH11- ma OT DbJIrapCKOTO 4epHOMopHe ne ca HH H3BeCTHH OJIOBHH CTeraqKH 3a e~Hopora KOTBa, Bb3CTaHOB~BaMe ~Bypora. B 3aJIHBa npH <pap lIIa6JIa e OTKpHTa H enna OJIOBHa CTerasxa - B 06mH JIHHHH HeMHHTe pasxepu HH n03BOJI~BaT na npe~nOJIO)KHM, qe e npnHa~JIe)KaJIa HaM-BepO~THO na H36paHH~ sa pexoncrpyxuns mOK.

Dpe~BH~ 3HaqHTeJIHO nO-MaJIKaTa ~e6eJIHna na Te3H moxose B cpaanenne C KaMeHHHTe H OJIOBHHTe C D-06pa3eH )KJIe6, npneuave aa OCHOBHa pexoucrp yxnnrrra C MaCHBHO apereno. Baaronapeane na OTKpHTHTe sanasenn ~bpgeHH qaCTH OT nnyporn lll.OKOBH KOTBH OT Cpe~H3eMHOMopHeTO n03HaBaMe cpaanaTeJIHO noripe TeXHHTe KOHCTPYKTHBHH ocotieHOCTH45. Cumespeaenao OJIOBHaTa crerasxa HH n03BOJI~Ba ~a onpeneaux TOqHO pasvepnre na porara H brbJIa Me)K~y T~X H BpeTeHOTo. OTKpHTHTe OT cpe~H3eMHoMopcKHTe apxeOJIo- 3H ~bPBeHH qaCTH, Kb~eTO ~06pe JIHqH crJI06- KaTa46, H H306pa)KeHH~Ta BbPXY anOJIOHHMCKHTe MOHeTH nOKa3BaT, qe Tp~6Ba pemHTeJIHO ~a ce OTXBbpJI~T BCHqKH npe~JIaraHH ~ocera peKOHCTpYKUHH, KOHTO npenausotar YBbp3BaHH.SI C Bb)Ke na moxa Kb M BpeTeHOT047• B nonxpena na TOBa BH)K~aHe B HamH.SI CJIyqaM

24

6

H~Ba H <paKTbT, qe OTBOPbT na H36paHH~T aa peKoHcTpyKUH~ mOK e JIeKO H3TpHT nO Pb6a aa ornopa cavo OT ennara crpaaa, KaTO csmeBpeMeHHO BbpBH JIeKO KOCO BJI~BO. TOBa cnopen Hac MO)Ke ~a ce nOJIyqH cano npn H3nOJI- 3YBaHeTO na mnJIeHTOBa apt.sxa (HJIH 3aHHT~BaHe) - npu KaKBHTO H ~a 6HJIO CBbp3BaHH~ C Bb)Ke 6H Tp~6BaJIO ~a HMa H3TpHBaHH~ H OT nsere CTpaHH na orsopa.

Te3H mOKOBe ce nO~B~BaT HaM-BepO~THO KbM xpaa aa V-IV B. np. H. e.

5. OA08eH U{OK C omeop U onopa ea cmeona - C7JCma81ia OA08HO-a7Jp8CHa «omea (06p. 7)

OT T03H THn ca H3BeCTHH ~OCTa eK3eMnJI~pH. Do qiopua re 6HBaT e~HOCTpaHHO ~brOBH~HO H3BHTH48, CbC ct.aceu JIeKa ~ByCTpaHna ~bra, ~06JIH)KaBama ce ~o npaBObrbJIHHK49, H npaBObrbJIHHoo. 1136paHH~T aa pexoncrpyxUH~ mOK e C npaaosr-s.nua <popMa - nnec TOM e ~e<popMHpaH. Or-saaaero ce ~bJI)KH aa eKCnJIOaTaUH~Ta My HaM-BepO~THO npn noCJIe~HOTO My H3nOJI3YBaHe. Ilpaaoi.r-s.naara <popMa na mOKOBe e HaM-mHpOKO pasnpocrpaaena cpen KOTBHTe BbPXY anOJIOHHMCKHTe MOHeTH OT IV no II B. np. H. e. B H306pa)KeHHeTO na enna anOJIOHHMCKa MOHeTa, pasr .nenana no-nonpoono OT Hac, BbPXY uioxa, nenocpencrneno B)1.~CHO OT BpeTeHOTO, e MapKHpaH OTBOP, KOMTO HaM-BepO~THO 6eJIe)KH M~CTOTO (HJIH canaa) mnJIeHT (HHTa). T03H 6eJIer BbPXy moxa enna JIH npe~CTaBJI~Ba H~KaKbB ~e<peKT na MOHeTHH~ nesar, TbM KaTO B JIeBH~ xpas aa uioxa JIHqH ~CHO oiue e~HH. TOBa H306pa)KeHHe OT MOHeTaTa naunpa Be-

8

6

9

.06p. 9. CIUI,HKU «a pexouctnpouponume opeenu KomBU c 0PUi!U/W/lIW «omce nu «acmu . Fig. 9. Photos des ancres antiques reconsiruiies Q1.JeC des pieces d'ancre originates; a) sauenna «omea C mpu omecpa U «p-scmoeuiien. 3HaK - petconcmputcuu n a) onere en pierre avec trois ouiiertu res avec un signe cruceiorme - reo construction; 6) IWMeHeH UIOK c '(emu pucm p anen ~/c/le6 - e-sscmanoesa ua C'bC111o.l3l-101110 epemeuo 6) [as en pierre avec rainu re quadrilaterale - retablissemen i de la verge composan t; e) PC/(ONW1PYKljUR na oeYP02a 0/108- no-irspeena /(0111ea COC c scmaeno epemeuo (3) reconiioti d'ancre bicorne en plomb et en bois avec verge 2) petconcm.p ukuu.st tea oeYP02a onoono-irsp eena «omea c uacueno epemeno 2) reconstruction d'ancre bicorne en p lomb et en bois avec verge massive; 0) pexoncmpu«uust na eiinopoea onoono-irspeena somea iJ) reconstruclion d'ancrc unicorne en plomb et en bois; e) O/iOBeH uio« KY11lUeCm mun (CiJ om Illatiaenctcatna AiY3elil-ta ctiu pxa e) jas en plomb en forme de boite (CI) de la collection du Musee de Chabla

~HKo~errHH aHa~orHH BbPXY e~HH O~OBeH mOK C OTBOP OT ~peBHOTo rrPHCTaHHme na ArrO~OHH5I DOHTHKa51. yi306pa)KeHHeTO H mOKbT HH rr03BO~5IBaT na npuevea, ne onopaTa 3a BpeTeHOTO e 6H~a rrOCTaB5IHa OT~5IBO na BpeTeHOTO, KaTO rro T03H HaqHJ{ mOKbT e 6H~ BMbKBaH BbB BpeTeHOTO OT ~5IBO na ~5ICHO. TOBa H306pa)KeHHe OT CB05I crpana ~O-

4 A pXeOJIOrIllI, 1 1988

rrb~HHTemIO nonxpens 061ll,HTe Ha6mo~eHH5I, cnopezi KOHTO nneumara ~eKa (~BYCTpaHHa m.ra) npn HalIlH5I 11l,0K e H3KycTBeHa. Pa3- CTOSlHHeTO Me)K~y onopara H ornopa rr03BO~5IBaT ci.m.piueno TOllHO na ce H3qHC~H iu npnnara na nperenoro. T03H run mOKOBe npenCTaB5IT, como B3eTO,' HaH~cbBbPlIleHHSlT BH~ O~OBHH mOKOBe, ynorperiaaann B xepnoaopCKHTe BO~H npenn I B. rrp. H. e. Bb3MO)KHH ca enaoporu H nayporn BapHaHTH. Bb3 ocHOBa na H306pa)KeHH5ITa BbPXY anOJIOHHHCKHTe MOHeTH H mmcara na crer auxn aa enaoporn KOTBH cpez OTKpHTHTe ,lJ,ocera Marepnann npneuaue, qe no qepHoMopHeTo e 6H~ H3rro~3yBaH OCHOBHO ~ByporH5IT BapHaHT.

Karo HMaMe npenann cease, ue B Cpe~H3eMHoMopHeTo e 6H~ paartpocrp anen H enHOpOrH5IT BapHaHT H ~06pOTO IVIY excnepnneaTa~HO nacnenaane B nanm ~rIH52, n03BO~5IBaMe CH ~a pexoucrp ynpaue ennopora KOTBa. Hanonsyaaue H311,5I~0 pexoncrpyxunnre na r. KanHTeH53. LLByporH5IT BapHaHT na T03H run, KaTO H3KmO'IHM cr.notixara (K05ITO npenCTaB5IMe), 6H 6H~ CbmH5IT KaKTO npn O~OBHHTe mOKOBe C OTBOP, 3aTOBa He ro HmOCTpHpaMe54.

25

6. OA08eH UiOK - Kymuecm mun - C7JCma8- na d8ypoea OA08HO-d7Jp8eHa somea (06p. 8)

T03H THn e .u.OCTa llIHPOKO aacrsnen cpen OTKpHTHTe .u.ocera eK3eMn~HpH OT aKBaTopHHra aa B'b~rapcKoTo lIepHoMopHeoll• lIIa6~eHCKHHT Ill.OK e OT THn C1 no K~acH<pHKaUHHTa na r. KanHTeHII6• TOR e C npaeosr-saaa KyTHH a xyXHHa, B KOHTO e CTOH~a .u.'bpBeHaTa cspueaana.

Texnoaorasecxare H KOHCTPYKTHBHHTe oco- 6eHocTH na T03H BH.u. KYTHecTH moxose ca .u.06pe H3cne.u.BaHH. D'bPBO e 6Hno H3rOTBHHO BpeTeHOTO C porara. Cne.u. TOBa npes cneunaneH OTBOP B'bB BpeTeHOTO e 6Hna MOHTHpaHa .u.'bpBeHaTa cspnenaua. Taxa nonrorseaara nspsena lJaCT. aa KOTBaTa e 6H~a nOCTaBHHa B .u.'bpBeHII7 H~H 3eM~eH Ka~bno8, 06Ma3aH C r~HHa HnH HHKaKBa .u.pyra orHeynopHa CMec. Caen H3~HBaHeTO aa onoaoro, xoero sapaao e 06BHBa~0 ct.pueaaaara H apereaoro, <PoPMaTa e 6Hna pa3r~06HBaHa H KOTBaTa ~ rOTOBa. 3a npeanasaaae OT oorapane aa .u.'bpBeHaTa cspnesana H BpeTeHOTO re csmo ca 6HmI 06- Ma3BaHH C orHeynopHa CMec.

Cnopen naunrre H3IJHC~eHHH oouiara .u.'bk >KHHa aa eaearyanaara peKoHcTPYKUlHl aa Ill.a6~eHcKHH Ill.OK 6H 6H~a oxoao 3 M. Ilopann Tpy.u.HOCTH OT TeXHlIlJeCKH xapaxrep 11 .u.OCTa CK'bnO cTpYBaIll.aTa B'b3CTaHOBKa C opllrHHanHHH III.OK He npe.u.BH>K.u.aMe aacera peKOHCTPYKUHH. B'b3 OCHOBa aa .u.OCTlI>KeHlIHTa na cpenaseaaoaopcxara apxeonoraa npencraasMe 06aIJe npHHUHnHlI cxexa.

1 B m..nrapcKara apxeoaorasecxa JlHTeparypa see ome JlHnCBa cepaosea OIlHT aa KJl3CHcj>HKal(HH H aarspoaxa na OT.lleJIHHTe BH,llOile KOTseH MaTePIWI. B ny6mlKal(HHTe, K'b.lleTO ce B3HMa Bee rrax OTHODJeHHe 110 rosa B'bIlPOC, ce H3110J13ysar .llarnpOBKHTe 110 Cpe.llH3eMHOMOPCKH aaaJI03H. T03H MeTO.ll He e OCo6eHO Y.llalleH, T'bH xaro He orua ra crreumpnxara na KOpaOOnJlaBaHeTO B lIepHOMOPCKH BO.llH. Hap en C rosa aacnyscana na ce oroeJle}l{H, lie IIpH 3a'leCTHJIHTe HanOCJIeJ('bK 1I0J(BOJ(HH apxeOJlOrHIJeCKH rrpoyxaaaa a B nxaaropaara ua J(peBHHTe sepuoaopcxa rrpacraaama I5llxa OTKpHTH HeMaJlKO THIIOBe H pa3HOBH.llHOCTIi, KOHTO onpeneneao npeacraaar TlIlIHlIHO lIepHOMopCKU BH,ll KOTSH. Bnposev H cpea cpeasseanoaopcxnre noaBO,llHH apxeoacan Ii' MOPCKH HCTOPHllH HHI<'a e,llHHHO MHeHHe 110 ornourenae aa J(aTHpOBKara na OTJ(eJIHHTe KOJBH. Hapaooraaaero na eJ(ifliHa KJlaCHcj>HKal(HOHHa cxexa H npenc raasuero Ha yl5eJ(HTeJlna XpOHo.10rHH H TaM ace ouie e B'bnpOC na U'b.llemeTO. 3a KaMeHHHTe KOTBH c OTBOP" B}I{. aanpauep:

H. Fro s t. stone anchor as clues to bronze age trade routes. - Thracia Pontica 1. S., 1982, 280- 289; H. Fro s t. Egypt and stone anchors: some recent discoveries. - Mariner's Mirror 65, 1979, 2, 137-161; H. Fro s t. Anchors, the potsherds of marine archaeology on the recording of pierced stones from the Mediterranean. ~ Colston Papers 23, 1971, 397-409; H. Fro s t. Bronze age stone-anchors from the eastern Medi terranean. Dati ng and identification. - Mariner's Mirror 56, 1970, 4, 377- 394; H. Fro s t. Some cypriot stone-anchors from the land sites and from the sea. - Report Dept. Antiquit. Cypros, 1970, 14-25; C. D a v a r as. Une ancre minoenne sacree? - ECH 104, 1980, 47-71; J. S h a \v, . H. B 1 it z er. Stone Weight Anchors from Komrnos. Crete. - IJNA 12, 1893, 2, 91-100; L. Qui Ii c i. Un'ancora del tar do Bronzo aile fori del Tevere, - Arcaeologla Classi-

26

Ilpeasaa aa roaexare pasuepa H rerao na Illa6neHCKHH· Ill.OK, XHI10TeTlIIJHO npeanoaaraxe, lJe TOR e npunaaneacaa. na ronsua nu- 6YPHa OT KnaB.u.HeBHH MH3HRCKH aoeaen <l>J!OT, IJlIeTO npacscrane B lJepHOMOpCKH BO.u.lI e carypuo 3acBH.u.eTMCTBYBaHO .01' ennrparpcxu naMeTHlIUlIo9•

}J,aTlIpOBKaTa sa T_ Hap. rpsxo-paxcxa IUOKOBe He e ocoeeao ClIrYPHa. HaR-ClIrYPHO .u.aTHpaHHTe eK3eMnnSlpH ca OTKpHTH B e3epOTO HeMH - Te ca npaaaanescaxa na yseceaaTenHHTe ranepa na lIMnepaTOp KanHryna8D• 3ae.n:HO c THX ca OTKpHTH H )f{ene3HH naypora KOTBlI. Bspxy Te3H Ill.OKOBe xnoro lJeCTO ce cpeiuar 11 Ha.u.OHClI, OTAMH" 6yKBHH UH<pPll KaKTO aa rpsnxa, rasa H na naTlIHCKH e311K. r. DPlOB081 TB'bp.u.H, se Te311 Ill.OKOBe He ca PHMCKO, a eTpYCKO 1I306pereHHe, KaTO OTHacSI nOHBaTa HM K'bM VI B. np. H. e.62 Be3 na ce paanpocrapaxe TyK aaurapoxo, MlIcnlIM, lJe .u.Opll na ce npaeue CBe.u.eHlIeTO aa I1nHHlIR aa H306peTSiBaHeTO na nayporara KOTBa OT Eananaaoc OT CHKHOH 11 nO-K'bCHOTO if VC'bB'bpIlleHcTBYBaHe OT >KlITenllTe na ETPYPHH KaTO OTHaCHlll,O ce zo T03H BlI.u. oaoaao-nspaeHlI KOTBH, see nax Te311 Ill.OKOBe B lIej>HO Mope He MoraT na ce narupar npena I B. np. H. e. Penaua c'b06pa>KeHHSi, H8 KOHTO HSlM8Me B'b3- MO>KHOCT Aa ce CI1peM TyK, HlI xapar .u.a npneMeM, lJe THXHaTa .u.aTlIpoBKa MO>Ke .u.a ce noCTaBH none sacera B paMKHTe sa I a. np. H. e. - III-IV B. OT H.e 63

ca 23, 1971, I, I-II; BIK. 1I0CJle,Zl,HO 110 asnpoca:

D. F onqu. e r I e. Les ancres primitives et antiques sur la site subaquatique de lantique .AgatheTuche" (I) - Groupe de Recherches Archeologiques Sub-Aquatiques et de Plangees d'Agde (orneaeu orneua rsx). 3a KaMeHHHTe UlOKOBe B}I{. uanpnxep:

H. Fro s t. Under the Mediterranean. Marine Antiquities. London, 1963, p. 48ff; P. G u a n fro t t a. First elements for the dating of stone anchor stocks. - IJNA, 6, 1977, 4, 285-292 et cit. l it.; 3a 0JI0BHHTe 1l(0KOBe B}I{. nanpuaep: F. Mol I. Ein Bleianker. - Archiiologische Anzeiger 44, 1929, 266-272; J. van No u h ius. The anchor. - Mariner's Mirror 37, 1951, 17-47; Fr. Braemer, J. Marcade. Cerami que antique et pieces d'ancres trouvees en merea la pointe de la Kynosoura (Baie de Marathon). _ BCH 77, 1953, 1.39·154; P. Car g a 110. Anchors of antiquity. - Archaeology 14, 1961, 31- 35; G. K a pit ii n. Ein wichtiger Fund in Syrakus .. - Delphin (BUchholz) Nordheide 14, 1967, 7, 6-7; 8, 21-22; IS, 1968, 3, 14-16, 32. E.llHH 061l( rrpernea nspxy JlpeBHHTe KO'fBII c 6H6J1HOrpaIjJHI! B}I{. y: S. Pi co z z i. II libro della archaeoIogla rsubaqea (por ti, anfor i, relitti, acque interne, cerarniche, ancore). Roma, 1976, 57-91 et bibliogr., 92-94.

I G. K a pit ii n. Greco-roman anchor and

the evidence for the onearmed wooden anchor in antiquity. - Colston Papers 23, 1971, 383-394; G. K a pit ii n. Rinvenuta nel mare dell' [soli a Lunga un'ancora antica n ceppo smontabille.Sicilia Archeolog ica (Trapani) 16, 1971, 13-22; G. K a p j t ii n. Anchor with wooden remains from Haifa, and the technique of junction of wooden anchors. - Sefunim 5, 1977,33-41 et cit. lit.; G. K apit a rt. On stone-stocked greek anchors as found in Thracia Pontica: Suggested reconstruction of the wooden parts. - Thracia Pontica I. S., 1982, 290-300.

8 H. M 8 P K 0 B. OnHT 38 peKOHCTpYKUMSI na 8HTM'IHa KOTBa, H306pa3eHa B'bpXy MOHeTMTe na AnMOHHSI TIOHTHK8. - fOAHUlHHK sa H8UMOHaJlHMlI nOJlH'feXHH'IeCKH MY3eil 7, 1977, 97-103; B.,lJ. nM H T P 0 B, K. TI 0 p o sc a II 0 B, A T. 0 P a 'I e B. Ilpacraaaurara IIa AnOJlOHHlI H MeceM6plISI. - B: Mel'aJlIITHTe B TpaKHSI 2 (TpaKIIHcKIi naMeTHHUH 3). C, 1982, pHc.829-832 (pexoacrpyxua a ap x. ,lJ.. ,lJ.HHeB H B. Ilonos).

'BIK. uanpaxep: F. Ben 0 i t. L'Archeologie sous-rnar ine en Provence. - Rivista di Studii Liguri 18, 1952, 270ff; G. K a pit ii n. Grecoroman anchor, 383-393 et cit. lit.; G. K a pit a n. Anchor with wooden remains, 33·41 et cit. lit.

II r. To H 'I e B a. DOnHaJiH npncraauuta. Bapua, 1964; f. To H 'I e 8 a. DOABo,nHH ap xeonorusecxu rrpoyuaaua s no aananaoro 4epHOMopCKO Kpail6pe)KHe. - DO}lBOAeH C8S1T, 1970, 6, 10-15. MaTepHaJlH're or npoY'lBaHHSlTa - Heny6J1HKY8aHH.

8 TIMcKa nO}l8oAHa apxeonoraxecxa excne-

AHUHSI non HaYIJHoTO P'bKOBO.llCTBO na CT. H. C. M. J1asapoa. MaTepHaJlHTe OT npoyuaaaa ara npes anara cesona (1979 H 1980 r.) ca Heny6J1HKYBaHH. CsxpaHRBar ce B Illadneacxara MY3eilHa c6HpKa.

7 TIoHSIKora B JlHTepaTypaTa ce cpeuia repMHH'bT »CTBM". Ilo-npasanex H YT8'bplleH B MopCKaTa apXeOJlOrHH e TepMHH1>T ,,8peTeHO" - BIK. HanpH· Mep: B. Boil 'I e B, C T. C TOll H 0 8. T1>JlK08eH pelJHHK rro MOPCKO )J,eJIO. C., 1980; J1. C K P $I r H H. SlKOpH. M., 1979.

8 B HH8eHT8pHaTa KHHr8 <pparMeHT1>T e 060- auasea KaTO lKeJle3eH. Dp06H OT MeTaJia ure 6'bllaT rrpe,na,nf'HH aa cnex rpanea aHaJlH3.

II BIK. 6eJ1. 1. B cnyuaa aaxaauara nara aa H3rroJl3YBaHeTo na npHcT8HHlUeTo ce orrpeaea s 01' KaMeHHHTe KOTSH C TpH oraopa, KOHTO c ronaaa Jl,03a carypaocr MoraT Jl,a ce oraecar K1>M K1>CHaTa 6POH30- sa erroxa - Haii'BepOliTHo XIV-XII B. np , H. e. Kpajlaara nara MapKHpal' lKeJle3HH're aHTH'IHH Jl,8Yporn KOTBn. Bnpoxex lKeJle3HHTe KOTBH aanaasar CBORTa <popMa Hnpe3paHH08H3HHTHiicKaTa enoxa. . 10 CaMOTO npHCTaHHlUe npa Jl,H. llIa6JlenCKH <pap Haii-8epOHTUO e npecraaaao Jl,a <PYHKUHOHHpa K'bM xpaa IIa K'bCIIOaHTH'IHaTa enoxa. Jlancara aa rpapora lKeJIe3HH KOTBH cpea aHTH'IHHH aaxpaac HaBelK}la na MHC'bJITa, 'Ie nopaaa n03HTHBHHH xapaxrep aa C'bBpeMeHHHTe Jl,HQ>epeHUHaJlHH 8epTHKaJlHH Jl,BHlKeHHH aa cyurara H weJl<pa B paaoaa na ,lJ.06pYJI,lKanCKOTO KpaA6peIKHe H eBCTaTH'IHHTe npoaenn aa MOpCKOTO JI,'bHO rrpHcTaHHlUHHH1' 6aceHH npea cpeaacaeKOBHeTO H OCMaHCKH SI nepaon ce e HaMHpaJl aa npyro MHCTO. HSIKOH B'bnpOCH OKMO xona na 6peroBaTa HUHua npea OTJI,eJIHHTe HCTOpH'IeCKH nepuoax BIK. y A T. 0" a 'I e B. H3CJleABaHH $I B1>PXy naneorpa<pHSlTa aa B'bJlrapCKOTo 4epHoMopHe. I. XOJl, aa 6peroaara a anua npea XOJlOueHa. - Studia Praehistorica (noJl, nexar).

11 J1. B 0 IK K OB. I'ae ce HaMHpaJlO Jl,peBHOl'O npHCTaHHlUe KapHSI. - CnBHA,lJ. 25, 1925, 8, 1-8. Ha npaxraxa Ta3H JlOKaJlH3aUHH B 6'bJlrapCKaTa JlHreparypa rrpvs npasa K. IlIKopnHJI. - BIK. HBA,lJ. 2, 1909, c. 79, 6eJl. 4.

11 ,lJ.aHHHTe aa aHTH'IHHTe aBTOpH aa .Kapon JlHMeH" H .. KapHH" BIK. C'b6paHK y r. MH XaHJlOB (IGBulg 12, 29). BkJlJO'IeHOTO OT Hero CBE!AeHlIe na Crepan BH3aHTHHCKH (UHTaT OT Teonoxn, <pp. 253 - BIK. C. Muller, FHG I, 321) 06a'le enaa JlH ce OTHacS! aa paiioHa na llIa6J1a H sa "KapHHcKoTO npHCTaHHlUe". B'bB <pparMeHTa ace nax craaa asnpoc sa »KapHHCKH rpanauxa" (1). CBeJl,eHHeTO sa TIOp¢HPHH He MOlKe Aa ce CB1>plKe C ,lJ.06pYAlKa. BIK. no asrrpoca A T. 0 P a 'I e B. H3S0PH aa KapHHcKoTO npHC'bCTBHe B 4epHoMopHeTo. I. TIHcMeHH CBeJl,eHHR sa xapn no ,lJ.06pYJl,lKaHcKoTo Kpaii6pe~e. - B: C60pHHK B necr H8 npocl>. Bopac Fepos. C., 1988.

18 Bnposea oure A6paxaM 0pTeJlHYC, opaeaTlIpaHKH ce B cBeAeHHSlTa na aHTH'IHHTe anropn 3a ,nil. ,lJ.06pY)llKaHCKO Kpail6peIKlIe (B cnysas ApHaH, DJlHHnii H DTOJlOMeii), onpeaena nocra TO'lHO sa ape-

MeTO ca MSiCTOTO IIa KapOH JlnMeH B CBOHTe KapTH. BIK. nanp, 0603Ha'leHHeTO Caria H Carla portus, qui et Carorum B aeroaara xapra Pontus Euxlnus. Aeqor lasonis pulfatum remige primum. Cum Privilegio Imp. Reg. et Belgico. Ad decenium 1590 . .ll.'bJlIKHM na H3KaIKeM ryK csoara 6J1aro)lapnocr ua Jl,p. TIaHTO KOJleB OT ,.KYJlZYPHO-liCTOpH'IeCKO HaCJleACTBO"fJlaBHO ynpasaeaae aa )J,1>plKaBHlITe ap xasa npH MHHHcrepcKlIS! C'bBeT, aa 8b3MOIKHOCTTa Jl,a H3no.))3Y· BaMe Anan03HTHBHO xonn e ua xap rara,

14 B'b3MOlKnOCTTa KOHKpeUI1HTe H MII)laTa'Ka-

MeHonp06HBa'l Jl,a ca nOBpe,nHJJH lJaCT OT KP'bCTOBHAHIiH 3HaK e ronssra - Bb3CTaHOBKaTa aa 3HaKa npn TOBa nOJlO1KeHHe 6H MOrJla Aa 6bAe or _ erHneTCKH AeporJlIl<p. C nOJl,06Ha <popMa uanp, e OTKpHT BbPXY "erHrreTCKa" KOTBa OT Bn6Jloc, KOHTO C narnpaua B XXIII B. np. H. e. - BIK. H. Fro s t. Bronze-age stone-anchors, 380, PI. I A; 382, fig. I, 1 a; H. Fro s t. Egypt, 147-148. 3a T03H 3HaK BHIK 06a'le H H. <l> P H JI, p n X. HCTOPHH nacsua. M., 1979, 264, pHc.62; 274, pHC. 76 - T. e. 3HaK'bT 6H MOr'bJi na 6'b.lle H KpHTCKH. Bnposea II 6e3 na ce B3e· Me npenaan eneuryaanara noapeaa aa '1aCT OT 3HaKa, a na ce pa31'JleIKAa caao KaTO +, TO Toil nax 6H HMaJi A06pH napanena B KHrrbpCKO-MHHOHCKHTe 3HaUH (SIK. H. <l> P HAP H X. UH'r. C'bIJ., c. 279, pHC. 86, 87 - HHKOH np06J1eMH aa KHn'bpCKO-MHHOHCKOTO nHCMO BIK. Y J. Dan i e I. Prolegomena to the CyproMinoan script. - AJA 45, 1941, 249-282). J1. KBHJlH'IH aanpauep onpeaena KOTBHTe OT BOAPYM C KP'bCTOBe He KaTO BH3aHTHHCKo-apa6cKII, a KaTO MHKeHCKH. 3a Hero Kp'bCTOBeTe ca "irnpresi in tanti di rame micenei" (L. QUi 1 i C i. Op. cit., p. 6, note 3~). KOTBa C Mlloro SlceH BJI,'bJl6aH B J1HueBaTa '1aCT KP'bCT ce C1>XpaHHBa H B'bB <pOHJI,a na KaBapHeHcKHSI MY3eH.

uH. Frost. Anchors, 397-409, fig. 1,2,7,9,13. 18 Ibid., fig. 1.

17 TIPH H3BeCTHHTe eK3eMTlJlHpH C TpH orsopa ce cpeurar CJle)lHHTe KOM6HHaUHH - TpHTe orsopa ca npaeosr-snna H HMaT pa3JlHIJHH pasuepu (H. Fro s t. Op. clt., fig. 1-8, 8 E); TpHTe OTBopa ca Kp'brJlH, HO ropHHHT e MHoro no-ronaa OT AMHHTe asa HJlH xaanparea rrpn e,1lHH OT exaeannapare (Ibi d., fig. 1-9); KOM6HllauHSI OT nsa npaaosr-snaa H eJl,HII KP,!>I'bJi OTBOP (Ibid., fig 1·13).

18 fOPHHHT OTBOP naec e C 1 CM no-uiapox OT )lOJlHHTe ABa. B cpenara aa orsopa 06a'le Jl,HaMenp1>T e pasea na Jl,HaMenpa na AOJlHHTe ABa. TOBa nOKa3- aa, se paanaxara OT 1 CM ce J~1>JlIKH na T'bpKaHHHTa aa npu aspasamoro B'b1Ke. TIpHeMaMe, se KaMeHHHTe KOTBl! C TPH orsopa OT axsaropuara HIl B1>JlrapCKOTO lJeplIoMopHe npeACTaBJISIBaT THIlH'IHO '1epHOMOpCKl! 111rr. TOBa BHIKJlaHeHa~lHpa nonxperta H B reonoronerp orparpcxa re aHaJlH3H, KOHTO noxasaxa, 'Ie no npasaao KaMeHHHTe KOTBH C TpH oraopa ca H3pa60TeHH OT MeCTeli KaMbK. BIK.: J. I van 0 v et al , Les resultatspreliminaires de I'analyse petrographique des ancres en pierre et de [as du littoral Bulgare de 1aMerNoire. - Thracia Pontica 2,1985,135-150.

111 B. ,lJ. H M H T P 0 B, K. D 0 p o sc a HOB,

AT. 0 P a 'I e B. UIIT. C'bIJ., AnOJlOHHSI - KaTaJlOIKlIH Nv 32-43 (pHc.866-877, 06p.307-309), MeceM6pH SI - Ka raJlOIKHH Nv 9-23 (pHC. 957-968, 06p. 349-357).

10 BCH'IKH cnrypno narapana KaMenHH KOTBH C TpH orsopa B CpC)lH3eMHOMopHeTo MHC X. <l>pOCT ornasa na K'bCHaTa OpoH30Ba enoxa. B nonxpena na Ta3H Jl,aTHpOBKa ua KOTBHTC OT llIa6J1a anna H "ereH' CKHSIT" 3HaK.

11 3a Ta3H xynrypa BIK.: S. M 0 r i n t z. Contributtii archeologice 1a istoria tracl lor timpurii. I. Epoca bronzolul in spatiul carpato-balcanlc. Bucurestl, 1978,121-152; X. To JI, 0 po B a. - B: HCTO' pHS! aa ,lJ.06pYJI,lKa 1. C., 1985 H X. To Jl 0 P 0 B a, T. ,lJ. HMO B. Ceaauie OT K'bCHaTa 6pOH30Ba enoxa aa rOJleMHH OCTPOB npu C. ,lJ.ypaHKYJlaK, TOJl6YXHHCKH oxp-sr. - B: C6. CeBepOH3TO'lHa B'bJirapHR_ ApeBHOCT H C'b8peMHe. C., 1985, 21-25.

21 BIK. nanpuxep: S. Pic 0 z z i. Op. ci t., 66- 67, 70·71.

27

. ~ H. Fro s t.. . Anchors, . N 7 (Ugarit), NB (Cypros): Ib., op. cit.,.J.3 a ff.

24 B. )], HMHT P 0 a, K. Do p O)K aa 0 Bi

AT -. 0 p a II e B. I1.HT. C'b'l., KaTaJlolliJlI:I;.Nl! 38, .40- .43 (AnOJIOHHR) H 2,0_22 (Mece\l6pH~). OrpOMHH eK3e.\lno/lSipli . ce c,'hXpaURBaT· H B'hB $oHJl.oBeTe ua rI1M-KaaapHa .•

15 AT.· 0 p a 'I e B. KaJlleHijHTelllOKoBe OT DOH~HiicKa TpaKHR - onar aa KJlaeHqmKaUHSI H )laTHpOBKa. - B: Kc;m<PepeHUHSI . no. CJlYllaH . AeceTfo.n.HillHHaara OT OCHOB3BaHeTO HB HEK-IQHECKO.C,.t981.

26 Bsp xy anOJlOHHHCKHTe MOHem JlC1l0 JlH'l1l

pa3BHTHeTO na KaMeHIIHTe H OJIOBHHTe mOKOBe sa nepaona V-II B. np. H. e.AKo K'hM TSlxce npenBJleKaT HpeJleq,HI:ITe H 306pBlIieHH SlOT HHKOIl .MOHeTR aa rp'bllKHTe nOJlHCII, aa CeJJeBKH)lHTe H HSiKOH PRMCKH MOHem, 6H MorJlO ,'I.a ce nOJIO)KH OCHOBaTa HB enaa ,pa60THa XpOHOJlOrH H na OJIOBHlI're. IllOKOBe. Do T03H ssnpoe nOJl.toTBHMe CneURaJIHO H3CJIe.n.BaHe.

17 P. G ian fro t t a. Op. cit, 285-292,

fig. 2, 4. TO'lHO raxj,a lII,OK, JJ.BycTpaHHo JJ.'brOBH)lHo H3B11T e H306pa3eH Il'hpxy enaa anOJlOHHMeKa MOHeTa (Blii. TyK 06p. 3). C'blllaTaMOHeTaH3n0Jl3YBa H r. KanHTeH npa onHTHTe aa peK6HcTpYKUHSl HII KaMeHHO,'I.'bpBeHa J(OTBa (G. K a .p it ii n. On stone-stecked greek anchors, 290-298, fig. 1,.2 a.vb, 5). DPH caxara B'b3CTaHOBK2 06a'le Toii AaBa )lpyra.cj)opMa na lUOKa (e.n.HOCTpaRHO JJ.'brOBH,llHO H3BHT, ,llQiUi"ro na ,peJJeq,a lICHa ./fH'IH ,llBYCTpaHHaTa )l'bra}.·.

, 28 G. K II pit a n. On stone-stocked greek anchors, fig. 4 b, ,5. PeKoHcTPYKuHHTa C MaCHBHo spereao x BJlOlliKa (Ibid.iHg. 4a) He .e ,y6e)lHTeJlHa. BJI()lIiKaTa e HeJl.OMHCJleHa I<OHcrpYKTIfBHO·"':-' ()H .. 83- na)lHaJla npnn'bpBoro nO)lp~nB3He Hl!.B'bllierO,a asp xy MOHeTaTa CrJIOOKIlTa e ABYCTpaHHI!.

29 TOBa Y)le6eJIliSaHe H3tJielliJl.aenpe)I.HaBHKaHO OT ne06XO)lHMOCTTa na ce aaaapaaa KOflCTPYK_U.HRTa B 06JJacrra aa nioRa. HaJloJIY spereaoro e6i1Jto no'CTeCHeHO .;._ no T03H HallHH ce HaMBJlHBa ·06eM'bT na KOTsaTa, a OTTIIM H H.eRHaTa nJiasYllecT. UO)l06HO YAe6eJIRBane B06JIacn8- samoxa npH~aMe; 3l1.SClh!· KH p exoacrpyxuaa C OJIOBHH IIlOKOSe' (e 113I<Jl.iO'lI!HHe aa .N'g 5,K"bJl.eTo B'b3npOHSBelK)l.3MCi! 110' F _ K.anHTeR).

30 H. Map K 0 B.U,HT. C'bIJ., t. tOl,4mr.'5;

31 Bxc, HanpHMep: H. Fro S t. Underthe-n:e~iterranean.: p. 47 ff.

alp. G t a n fro t t a., Op. ci t.; 285-292 ..

53 3,a Anaxapcnc B}g. HanpHMep W. S C bird c.

RE I, 1894, coJ.2017-2018;,,)1:aTIiPoBKaT~"BlIi.r L. C a s s on. Ships and seamanship 'In tlle'andent world, Princefoi1~New Jersey, 197J, p.254,· No-

te 119. .

34 Strabo 7, 3, 9; UHT. na Ephor. fr. 76 ed.

MiillerFHG 1, 257. . .' ..•

sa K.aKTo npesoaare, raxa HKOMeHTap'bT K'bM reau .. CB:e)leHHlIo(}alle '. He ca OCOOOH()CHrYPHlI,' OJ speaero H3. Y. <l>sJlKoHep(1769) JJ.O HaWB JlHR BKJlIO'lHTeJIHO Bee OlUeUMaaB:J!opH; KOHTO'.: CM$lT3T, lIeB CJIY"3l1 CTaB3B'hnpOC aa !l306peTRBaHeril ua- )k.ue3- HHTe KOTBH (Blii. aanp. noca: JI .. C K pa l'R It: .HKOps. M., 1979, 7-67). Cnopac-e csuio rasa HCB'bp3sa· Hero HII Te3H H3CJle)lBaHHlI aenpeueaao ·eH300peTs, BaHeTO aa nsyporara IIl0KOBa KOTBa.Qr:cBt.!teHHe'FO sa DJlHHHH (Plin. 7, 56-57) He MOllie A3·;ce'pasoepe (npaaocerauraare npesoaa HKOMeHTap) KaKBO resuo e H306pentJI EBnaJiaMOC. CaMHSlT fiJlHHHH aa npax. THKa OTHOBO npanscaa ".llllyporaTa KOTBa" aa H306peTeHHe aa AHaxapCHC. HeC'bBCeM CHrYPHO e csuto raxa KaKBO roxuo-ca nO)l06p.IlJlH B KUfBaTa lKHTeJJH'Te aa ETPYPH'lI --- e)J.B3 JlJ1 ooalle aenpexeaao .II3nH'l'e. Cnopuo e HHenpeMeHHOTO CB'bpaBal{e aa TeaH eaene-HHlI'CIllOKOBaTa KOTBa. 1(. de v r.t es. Les vaiseauxgrees, etrusques et.:phenici.enset le.trafic maritime. '- In: Archeologiesous,,:marine. Paris, 197.2, 48-49 HanpHMep,'~Ha BItIl¥81iIleHaeAHH cJ>par· MeHT OT aHTHlleHC'bJl;B'bpxyk()HTO JI.Il'lH H306paJKe' HHe HB Jl.Bypora 6eaw.oKoBa KOTBa;" TSI 06alle npeaUOJIOlliH, 'Ie B cJIY'I·all CTaBa asnpoc aa )l'bJnreHIi KOTsa (?I), Cnopen eraorpatpcxa CBe)leHHH 3. K y.T a,1i"

28

JI e ill B Ii. JI H. Pe'lHOH rpaacnop r B 3ana)lHoii FpY3HH (no 9THorpaIjlH'IeCl<H'1I Jl.aIlHbIM). - B:. ApeaJlbHble H3- CJIe;l.OBaHH SI . B Sl3bIic.oaHaHHH H 9THorpaIjlRl{. JLy 1983, 236, )lOCKOPO rpY3HllcKHTe MopllWf H3paooTBaJlll.ABYpora KOTBU OT Ka~'bK ~.Te OUpe)lMeHO ranpeanos«. T3.IIH npe)l.lIi .. eJJ. e3HHTe 113fJIe~a, H~eHH. Q o. r HH. KIlK1iB no~06eH TllnABypora KOTBS e!1 Ijlpa' .eHT'hT or OJIOBaa cnJIaBoTUla6J!eHcKara c15!1PKa.'; • pxy e.nKH xepaMH'Iell Q>parMeHT OT III B. np. H. e. or MaJIKOT<) KaJl:el<paft C0301l0Jl C'hlUoe H306pa3eHa Jl.Byvo['a 6e3- lUOKQSaKOTBa(MeraJiKTHTe BTpOKHR 2,pHC. 18§) .. --Haft_lIepOllTH(} iOT KlIM'bK. lIacT OT. H306pallieHIISJT3 na KPHTO-MHKeHCKHKopa6H aT KM II C'bIIl,O npeaCTaBHT ompea HS noca )lBYPOr.H KOTBIi .. nOpSAH HeOOXO~H~10CTTa . OT CneUHaJiHO p83rJle~alle ua T03H npOMeM, H ·npHBJlH'IaHeTO· aa. MHoro JlPyrH )laIlH" He MOllieM TyK )la ce cnpeaua Hero.

38B.)],HMIITPOB, K. DOpOJKaHOB,

AT. 0 pa II es, Un. C'b'l.,pHC. 913-919, (pHC. 916 - 06'bpKBHa- cpaaan o6p. 333),922-926, 976. 37 Heny6JIHKysall. C'bXpaHHB3 Ce.B HaUHOHa.IIHHH. HCroPH'lecKH . MyaeA~

38 B. )1. H.M K T P 0 B,' K •. n 0 p Olli a HOB,

AT. 0 I) a.ses. UIlT. csx., 06p.333 -- rpaqmxara My (pHC. 916), npencrasena HenpllaKJlHo.,

38 He e nCHO aauio e6HJ<:0,' Heo(iXQ,IJ;HMO . TOBa H3MecTBaHe Ha;)KJI·e6a. 3acera e)lHHCTBeHQl'O, KoeTO MO)KeM )la npeJl.nOJlOlliHM, e, ne e-rspceao YBeJlHllaBaHeTO aa 'b1''bJla 'Me~y aperenoro H. rpYHTa, aa esearyanaoro nO-JIeCHO aaasp raae aa KOTBara aa 90° (illii .. 06p. 4).

40 Blii. 6eJJ. 25.

41 B. n H MH T p o B, K .. no P 0>1< a HOB, A r. 0 p a'l e D.. 11.H T. C'b'I.,. plic.903. KaT,.N'!! 69 (AnOJIOHHH). BJIII3KII ~o raxca mOJ<oae:re C BpeTeHO,I>HlI,Ha$opu8 -, pac, $B_899(K. ar, Ni 64 __ 65),pHC,. 901 __ 902 (KaT. Nt 67-68). GnpaBO'b{"bJIH8 $opMa e lUoKK.aT . .Nt 78,pHC. 912 (AnOJlOHHH).

41, DaK. TaM, AnOJIOHH SI _ pHC •. 897 (KaT • .N"v 63), 905 ~aT . .N"2 71), ~07(KaT. Xv 73), 910 (KaT • .N'!! 76).

Bac .. HanpHMep ,G.. K a pit, ii. n .. Rinvenl1ta nel mare, J~22 • .fig. 1, ~,.~, 4; G K. a p, it ii. n. Anchor with wQ9tien reIT,UIins, 33-41, fig.l"J)l. VII. " 3<1 eAHOpol'HTe KOTBH BlK.; G. I(,~ pi t ii n, Greco-toman .anchor, 383-393, fig. 2 .• 3,4, 5~ 8, 9.

. 45 .BlIi. aanpuuep G. U C e.l i , Op, cit., 242

If; . G. lea p it an. Rlnvenutamel mare, fig. I, 4, . 5, .6~. G. K a pit it n. Anchor with wooden re~ mains,', fig, 1,.3, PL vu, 1-3.

',' Ibid_

47 B. .ll.H M HT) OB. . K~ nop ,O)K a H.O ,B,

A '.1';,0 p aile B. I1.UT.C'bIl.,pHC.831-,832;, S. P i-

<;:,:o;q i. Op. cit.,.57, 71, 75, 84-85.. "

~8 B,. .D. HM H T P 0 B a, K. D41 P41.", a HOB, AT. ,0 P a'! e B. I1.HT.C'b.,{.,; puc. 908 (75), 911 (77), 06p.329.

,. Tlax TaM, pHC. 907 (KaT • .M 13), 06p. 328. 60 Dal< T~M, q6p.327.,.. K.aT . .N'2 72H pHC. 906, e, npeit\!nIBeli'H~p~tHJlH,O KaTa. )1,'brOBIfJJ.eH (e~HoCTpaHlta '~'Lril)~J1t!kotoH3KpHB~BaHe Iia .. JllIBifTa cTpaRa ce. )lliJliim flasTdpHIlRa . .lIe<PopMaUHH. . .'

11 Ilak TaM,· K.aT • .Ni 72, pUC. 906. 06p. 3.1 7. 61 1( a pit a n. Greco-roman anchors, 392- 393, fig. 9.'

63c Ibid.;

"Ha npaKmK8 npe.ncTasHMe ·'T<l3H B'h9cTaHoB' K8 caM038 cile}.(eflHe., JI·ilIlHO URe; n~nO'IHTaMe IlBy-

pOr}fstBapH8HT.' ". '_~_ ".,' '.' s s

n Bo')],H M H'i"'POB, K} rio PO)K8 HO B,

A T. 0 pa qeD. U;lIT. Cli'!:, . KaT. JIIiIt()()_"';'t64,

puc. 934~938i 06p. 341 ..... 343;

56 G. I( II pi tan. DetAnketitmdj 14-

16, 32.

07 Ibid.

58 S. Pic 0 Z z LOp. cit., 89-91.·

68 Oiue CJIe.n:n06eAaT8' 'Ha; MH:TfI4IAaT PSMCKHHr q,JlOT saeaa rocnoncrayaauto nOJl.OllieHH·e B lIeI>HO?lOpCKH BO,llH. Cnopea fiOCHcp. ~J18BHii(1. Flav. De bel.. 2, 16.4) TOMee C'bCTOM oT.40 xopada. OT noeeerareaaare HaAUHeH 3HaeM, 'Ie TOft e C'bCTaBeH OCHO~HO OT .IIHOyP-

HH - B}K. nanpnxep no T03H B'bnpOC B. Il er e p c. MopCKoe nexo B aHTH'IHblX rocynapcrsax Cesepnoro Ilpavepuoaopt,a. M., 1982, 89-120 H UHr. Jlflr.

60 G. U cell i. Op. dt., 242 H.

sl G. P r u v 0 t. Epave antique etrusco-punlq.ue? Antibes, 1971.

82 BR{. H F. Ben 0 i t. Nouvelles epaves de Provence. - Gallia 16, 1958.

63 Haa-oomo Ka:1aHO, aauiu re aneuaraean a ca, 'Ie TO.3H BHJl mOKOBe, ,!l.OpH H na CaBJle3J11F B eKcnJlori: rann s cure upes VI B. np. H. e., ea ce pa3BH.~H ocHOBHO B Sanaaaero Cpe,!l.H3eMHoMojJlle, KaTO OCHOBHO ra xaoro ,1\BHR{eHlle rra 113ToK e CB'bp3aHO c pHMCKara eKcnaH3HSI. l1MeHHo aaroua npuevaae 38 nauanua ,!l.araTa aa nponaxaanero HM B tIepHo Mope I ll. np , H. e.

Reconstructions d' ancres anciennes en pierte et en plomb de la collection du Musee de Sabla

A. Or a c e v, I. Or ac e v a

(R e sum e)

A l a fin de 1984 les auteurs ont elabore une documentation technique: Ia reconstruction d'ancres anciennes avec des pieces d'anere pour I 'exposition de la collection du Musee dans la ville de Sabia, (region) de Tolboukhine. Les pieces d'ancre conservees dans 51'S fonds ont He decouvertes lors de recherches sous-marlnes dans I'aquatorium du phar e actuel de Sabia. II semble que la se trouvait ledit "port carien", marque chez Pornponius Mela et dans l e periple d'Arrian et l e periple anonyme du Pont Euxin.

Grace aux succes dernierement obtenus par I'archeologie mediterraneenne subaquati que, les auteurs ont reconstrult les genres d 'ancre sui vants:

1. Anere en pierre avec trois ouvertures. Les auteurs ont reconstruits deux cernes recour bees mobiles et un cable portant. Ce type d'ancres en pierre, eu egard it. leur forme, grandeur, Iaconnement et disposition des ouvertures en comparaison avec les ancres mediterraneennes, peut etr e considere comme ctant typi que de Ia mer Noire. Sur Ie littoral de Dobrudza, ce type d'ancres peut etre lie avec ladite "variante littorale" de la culture "Koslodjeni" et datant d 11 XIve_XIIIe s. avo n. ere.

2. Jas en pierre bi lateralement ar que avec une rainure quadrilaterale. On a r econstr uit une ancre bicorne en pierre et bois avec une jointure bilateral e. La jointure bilaterale est deja prop osee dans Ia l itterature par G. Kapitan. On propose une reconstruction d'un epaissement de 18 verge a la jointure avec Ie jas it. cause des. raisons techniques et surtout a cause des reliefs des monnaies apolloniennes au I 'epaississementapparait c1airement. A la base d'analogies meditettaneennes et des reliefs des monnaies apolloniennes ce type de [as en pierre dans la region de Ia mer Noire peut etredate du Ve S. avo n. ere.

3. Jas ell plomb avec r ainur e en forme de Il.

On reconstruit une anere bicorne en plomb et bois avec une jointure bi laterale. Parmi les jas en plomb, decouverts aux berds de la mer Noire en Bulgar ie, ce type semble etre Ie plus archaique. La datati on approximative de ce type est VIe __ Ve S. avo n. e ..

4 . Jas ar que en pl omb avec ouverture. On reconstruit une ancr e en plomb et bois bicorne avec une verge massive. Ce type est bien r econstrui t a I a base des pieces en bois conservees, decouvertes dans l a Mediterranee. En nous basant sur el les et sur les effigies des monnaies apolloniennes, nous considerons qui 'Il faut deja rejeter les reconstructions qui prevoient des !igot:iges avec des cor des du [as a la verge. Ce type de jas dans l a region de la mer Nolreapparai] probablernent apres la fin du ve _ Ive S. avo n. ere.

5. Jas en plornb avec ouverture et support pour l a verge. On r econstrui t uneancre en pl omb et bois avec une verge massive. Dans .la region de l a mer. Noire, au moins pour Ie moment, nous ne connai ssons pas de serre-joints ell plomb pour des ancres unicornes. Malgre cela, surtout en tant qu'Illustr ati on, rious avons presente une ancre unicorne. Ce type de [as semble etre represente sur les monnaies apolloniennes. La forme. rectangulaire du jas est la pi us repandue dans.les reliefs sur les monnaies apolloniennes du IVe jusqu'au Ile S. avo n. ere.

6. Jas en plomb en forme de boite/type Cdd'apres la clasification de G. I<apitiin. On ne presente que des schernas en principe, deja proposes dans l a l itterature. Ce type de jasdalls la region de la mer Noire apparait le plus. vraisemblablement apres le Iers. avo n. ere. sous l'influeneetomaine. En egar d a la grandeur du jaspn admet hypothetiquement qu'Jl ai t appartenui.adfhurne mil itaire .. J:.Qlllain e

29

MamepuaJlU U C1J0614eHUJl

5POH30BH cpHrypKH na KOHHHUH H KOH4eTa OT panoua na HOBa 3aropa

nET b pro P 6 A HOB, TAT 51 H A K b H LI E B A

B 60raTH5I CPOH,ll, na ApXeOJlOrHQeCKH5I OTL\eJl na rpaL\CKH5I HCTOpHtIeCKH MY3eH - HOBa 3aropa, ce na35IT pennua 6POH30BH craryerKH, Heny6JlHKYBaHH B OCHOBHaTa CH tIaCT1. MeIKL\Y T5IX HMa ner cpHrypKH na KOHHHUH H cene« KOHQeTa.

1. Konnuuu (KaT. NQ 1-5, 06p. 1-5).

TPH OT cpHrypKHTe ca uavepenn npn 06- XOIKL\aHe ua 3eMJlHmaTa na 6HBlilaTa HOBosaropcxa OKOJlH5I H npOH3XOIKL\aT OT aHTHtIHHTe cenmua npu CeJlaT3 PYMaH5I H FlpoxopOBO (KaT. NQ 1, 3 H 5, 06p. 1, 3 H 5), a KaT.

• 06p. 1. Cmamqemxa na «onnu« om c. PYIIWHfl. Fig. 1. Statuette de cavalier du village de Poumania

1

30

NQ 4, 06p. 4 a, 6 - B aHTHtIHI15I UJIaCT na ):LHucH3KaTa CeJIHmHa MOrHJIa. Tlerara CTaryerxa e nanepeaa B 3el\WHmeTO aa HOBo ceJIO (KaT. NQ 2, 06p.2).

B nxonorp aqicxo OTHOllIeHHe nerre 6POH- 30BH cpHrypKH Ha KOHHHUH ce OTHaC5IT KbM L\Ba THna. KbM UbpBHH THn cnaL\a eL\Ha OT cpHrypKHTe OT PYMaH5I (KaT. NQ 1, 06p. 1) C pa3nepeHH BCTpaHH, nOtITH rro~ npaB brbJI pt.ue. 11306paIKeHHeTO na KOHHHKa e csm.pureao CXeMaTl1tIHO. MaHCTopbT e npenan OTL\eJIHI1 aHaTOMl1tIHI1 6eJIe3H na THJIOTO (ripe)lI1MHO OtII1Te) xpea UJII1TI<H Bp5l3BaHHH. Pt,uere ca L\aL\eHI1 CbBceM 0606meHO, 6e3 na ce

• 06p. 2 .. Cmamuemxa na KOHftUK om c. Hoeo ce.llO.

Fig. 2. Statuette de cavalier du village Novo selo

2

3

4

• 06p. 3. Cmanujemna IW KOHf/UK am c. PY"Wf/H. Fig. 3. Statuette de cavalier du village de Roumania • 06p. 4. Cmamuemtca ua KOf/IiUK om lluncuesoma cenuuina .llocU/la npu c. Esepo . Fig. 4. Statuette de cavalier du tell de Dipsise pres du village de Ezero: a) nuue a) face; 6) cp'b6 6) dos

oT,neJI5IT ,nJIaI-IlITe H npi.crnre. Kpaxara ca paaxpanenn, C umpoxa zrsrosunaa H3BUBKa Me)K,ny T5IX.

BTOPH5IT TUIT qmrYPKH ce xapaxrepuaupa npeaa BCHlIKO C noaara na pi.uere. ,lJ.51CHaTa pr.xa e BHHarH cnycnara Ha,nOJIY, a ,npyraTa, npeanra B JIaKbT51, e B,nHrHaTa n arope, KaTO ,nJIaHTa He CBHTa B IOMpyK (CTaTyeTKaTa 01' PyMaH5I - KaT. Ng 3, 06p. 3) HJIH e B,nHrHaTa uarope B noaara .benedictio latina" (cjmrYPKaTa 01' ,lJ.HncH3KaTa MOrHJIa npn c. Esepo, KaT. N<! 4, 06p. 4 a, 6). Karo BapHaHT 01' T03H THn CM5Irave cjmrypKaTa 01' HOBo ceno (KaT. N2 2, 06p. 2). TYK Jl5IBaTa pt.xa e B,nHrHaTa OTHOBO narope, HO ,nJIaHTa e npenanena 1.jpe3 nJIOCKO CITJIeCKBaHe H He e HHTO CBHTa B IOMpyK, HHTO B cnonenarara nosa aa .benedictto latina". fJPH TOBa TyK BH)f{,naMe H3BeCTHO BJlH5IHHe Ha ITbpBHH uxonorparpcxn THII - ,nJIaHTa e rpernpana rm.pne CXeMaTH1.jHO. ,lJ.pyr BapHaHT na CbmH5I THIT BH)f{,naMe BbB sropara cTaTYerxa 01' fJPOXOPOBO (KaT. NQ 5, 06p. 5). ,lJ.HCHaTa pbKa e cnYCHaTa Ha,nOJIY, a JI51BaTa e BCTpaHH.

Xapaxrepeu 6eJIer na cjmrypKHTe 01' BTOpH51 TUIT e, 1.je rnasara e npencrasena C ne-

6

31

5

TaHJll1paHe I-Ia OqHTe, noca H YCTaTa, a npn

- qmrypKHTe OT DPOXOPOBO H ,UHrrCH3KaTa MOruna (KaT. N2 4, 5, 06p. 4 a, 6 H 5) - 11 !-Ia KocaTa qpe3 BpR3Ba!-IHR. DPH rrOCJle~HaTa qmrYPKa C ztse HecHMeTpHqHH BpR3aHH Kpbrnera ca MapKHpaHH r-spztare. KOHHHKbT OT PYMaHH (KaT. N2 3, 06p. 3) e 06JleqeH C XHTOH 11· MaHTHH, ~OKaTO npn KOHHHKa OT TlpoXOPOBO (KaT. N2 5, 06p. 5) npexara e aar arnara C ~bJl60KH JlHHI1H H p sxara aar-arna rbHKHTe na ztpexara.

2. Kouuema (KaT . .N2 6-12, 06p. 6-12). BbB cpoH,lJ:a na ApXeOJlOrHQeCKHH OT~eJl na I'pancxus HCTOpHQeCl<H MY3eii - HOBa 3aropa, HMa cenei« KOHl{eTa. OT TRX enna CPHrypKa e HaMepeHa B aHTI1QHOTO CeJlHme rrpH DpOXOpOBO, enna B DeT MOrHJlH H e~HaB ,U5!~OBO (KaT . .N2 9, 8 11 11, 06p. 9, 8 H 11), ~Be np0113XOlK~aT OT CeJlI1Ill.HI1Te MOrl1J1H rrpH 3aropll,11 11 Esepo (I<aT. N2 6 H 7, 06p. 6 H 7). DOCJle~HI1Te cTaTyeTKH ca HaMepeHYI B 3eMJlHIll.aTa na EpaT5I KYHLleBI1 H fOJl5Ilvla ~eTeJlHHa (KaT . .N2 12 H 10, 06p. 12 H 10).

B axouorparpcxo OTHOllleHHe rrOCOQe-

HHTe cpHrYPKH ca narn.nno e~HaKBH - KOHQeTO BHHarH e npencraseno B XO~ Ha~5ICHO, KaTO caxo npe~HHHT JlRB xpax e npeanr B KOJlHHOTO H H3~HrHaT narope. 06HKHoBeHo caMOTO npeanaaae na xpaxa e "lI0~ I1paB brbJl. Do H3KJIlOQeHHe npn KOHl{eTO OT ,UHrrcH3KaTa MOrHJla npn Esepo (KaT . .N2 7, 06p. 7) MelKlJ,y )J.BaTa xpaxa ce oopasyaa HeeCTeCTBeHa zrsr-a.

32

.06.0. 5. Cmanujemica na lCOHIiUIC am c. Tl po xopooo . Fig. 5. Statuette de caoalier du. village de Prohorooo • 06.0. 6. Cmatnuemxa I-W KOI-I~e am c. Sueopuu . Fig. 6. Statuette de cavalier du village de Zagorci • 06.0. 7. Cmamuemsa 1-10 KOH'te am JJ uncuesama cenuuina A'lOZU/lQ npu >c, Eeepo . Fig. 7. Statuette de poulain dti tell de Di".osise pres du village de .Ezero • 06p. 8. Cmamuemna na KOH'le am c. Il em A'lOZUJlU. Fig. 8. Statuette de poulain du village de Pet tno-

guili :,

6

7

8

9

11

06p. 9. Cmamuemxa IW «oto«: om c. Il poxopoeo . Fig. 9. Statuette de pouluiti du village de Prohorovo .06p. 10. Cmamuemsa na KOH'le om c. Fo nscsia iiemenuua, Fig. 10. Statuette de poulaiti du village de Goljama deielina

• 06p. 11. Cmamuemka IW IWN'ie om c. Il nooeo . Fig. 11. Statuette de poulain dii village de D iadooo • 06p. 12. Cmamuemxa /olQ KOH'Ie om c. E p amst l(YHfieml. Fig. 12. Statuette de poulaiti du village de Bratja Kun ceoi

B H3pa60Tl{aTa ce Ha6JIJo~aBa H3BeCTHO paauooripaane, KoeTO n03BOJI5IBa ~a ce pasrpaHH'laT nse rpynu KOH'leTa. KbM rrspaara cnanar cpHrypKH C nozrreprana CTHJIH3aUH5I H cxeMaTH3aUH5I na H306pa)KeHHeTO. T5I ce H3pa351Ba, OT enaa crpana, B rpernpanero na r.naaara, OC06eHO na MYUYHaTa (nanp. KOH'leTO OT nHnCH3KaTa MOrHJIa - KaT . .NQ 7, 06p. 7), a, OT ~pyra crpana - B nonsepranara nect.paaaepuocr Me)K~y cpaBHHTeJIHO urupoxara, Ha6HTa ums H OTHOCHTeJIl-IO T5ICHOTO,

5 ApXeOJlOfH5I, 1, 1988

cJIa60 T5IJIO na )KHBOTHOTO (KaT . .NQ 6-9, 06p. 6-9). BTOPH5IT CTHJIOB 6eJIer, xapaxrepnsnpaur Ta3H rpyna cpHrypKH, e 60raT3Ta, 'leCTO nperpynana spaaaaa reouerpnnua YKpaca no T5IX, KOHueHTpHpaHa npennnao no unrara H nO-p5l~KO no T5IJIOTO (KaT . .NQ 6, 06p. 6). OCHoBeH eJIeMeHT B Ta3H yKpaca npe~CTaBJI5IBaT ~Be HJIH nOBe'le Bp5l3aHH KOCH HJlH XOpH30HTaJIHH JIHHHH, orpaaavaaatua nonera. B H5IKOH CJIY'laH Te3H nOJIeTa ca sarrsnHeHH OT CHMeTpH'lHO rronpenean MaJIKH xpr.rnera. Taxasa yxpaca nanpuvep BH)K~aMe npH KOH'leTaTa OT cenmuara npn Iler MOrHJIH H npOXOpOBO (KaT . .NQ 8 H 9, 06p. 8, 9), ~OKaTO npu cpHrYPKaTa OT MOrHJIaTa npn 3aropUH (KaT . .NQ 6, 06p. 6) xpt.ruerara ca pa3nOJIO)KeHH He cauo B no.nerara, Me)K~y Bp5l3aHHTe JlHHHH, HO H no U5IJIOTO T5IJIO na KOH'leTO. Ilpn cpHrypKaTa OT nHnCH3KaTa MOrHJIa (KaT. .N2 7, 06p. 7) xpi.raerara H306IIl,0 JlHllCBaT,

33

H YKpaCaTa ce CbCTOH caMO OT ABe BpR3aHH JIHHHH B AOJIHHR KpaH na lIIHRTa.

Ilpa KOHqeTaTa OT Ta3H rpyna rpasara e rpH}KJlHBO npenaaena spes KOCH BpH3BaHliH (KaT. N2 7 II 8, 06p. 7 H 8). TH e BAlirHaTa HaA rJIaBB.Ta na )KHBOTHOTO nOA06Ho na no- 3HaTaTa "Haarschopf" npn KOHeTe OT HKOHOrpaejlHRTa aa TpaKHHcKHR Xepoc. TR JIHnCBa caao npH KOHqeTO OT npOXOpOBO (KaT . .NI! 9, 06p. 9).

KbM sropara rpyna npHHaAJIe)KaT TpH ejmrYPKll OT. rOJIHMa AeTeJIHHa, ,URAOBO H BpaTSl:KYHqeBH (KaT. N2 11, 12. 06p. 11, 12). HKoHorpaq,cKH re cnaaar KbM n09HaTHH HH THn c BAHrHaT, npeaar B KOJIHHOTOJISIB npenen xpax. Te ce OTJIHqaBaT C no-peannCTHqHO, aHaTOMllqeCKH BSIpHO npenaneno TSIJIO. BpH3aHa yxpaca HMa KOHqeTO OT ,USIAOBO (KaT. NI! 11, 06p. 11), KbAeTO no lIIHHTa JIHqH nOSIe OT CliMeTpHqHO pa3nOJIO}KeHll xpr.rsera, a rpasara - C AbJIrH, KOCH pe3KH, AOKaTO npa ejmrYPKaTa OT BpaTSI Kyasesn TH npeACTaBJIHaa nJIHTKH KaHeJJIOpH (KaT . .N!! 12, 06p. 12).

nOA06HH 6POH30BH ejmrypKll ca H3BeCTHli H OT MHoro APyrH MeCTa B crpauara. BbB <J>oHAa aa HaUUOHaJIHHR apxeoaorauecxa MY- 3eH - CO¢HH, ce csxpauasa ¢HrYPKa aa AnOJIOH-KOHHHK OT c. Aceaoseu", Hososaropcxa 06lII,HHa. nOA06Hu cTaTyeTKH ca ny6JIliKYBaHli H OT <J>oHllOBeTe Ha I'pancxas HCTOpHqeCKH MY3eH - Ka3aHJIbK3, H OKPb)KHHH HCTOpHqeCKH Myseit - SIM60JIf• AHaJIOmqHH 6POH30BH CTaTyeTKH aa KOHHUUH ca naaepean H B CBeTHJIHlQ,eTO H8 Xepoca npa c. JI03eH (6uBlIIe .llllH'HHKJIHH), XacKoBcKH oxp sr". CTpYBa HH ce, qe B IOrou3ToqHa BbJIrapHH ce osepraea paHOH, B KOHToTe3H cjmrypKH ca 6UJIH AOCTa lIIHpOKO paanpocrpaaeaa, Flpennoxaraue, qe TYK ca CbIII.eCTBYBaJIH pa60THJIHHUH na npoBHHUUaJIHH ManCTopH-6pOH30JIeHpu. 3a pasBUTHeTO aa Ta-KHBa pa60THJIHHUH TyK e cnoMOrHaJIO MO}Ke 6H cpaBHHTeJIHO paunoro AO- 6HBaHe aa MeA B T03H panon". OT npyra crpaaa, KyJITbT KbM TpaKHnCKHSI KOHHHK B T03H panOH e 3aCBHAeTeJICTBYBaH C peAHua naMeTHHUH, 06HapOABaHH OTAaBHa', KaKTO H B noHOBO speue",

BPOH30BHTe ¢HrypKH HMaT nonueprano HKOaorpaocxo CXOACTBO C nJIoqKHTe aa KOHHHKa. Ilpa 6POH30BHTe KOHHHUH TO ce H3pa3HBa BbB BAHraHeTO na AHCHaTa pt.xa - nosa, no- 3HaTa HH H OT KaMeHHHTe 06pOqHH nauerHHUHlI, KaKTO H npeBHBaHeTO na Ta3H puxa B "benedictio latina", KoeTO He e 3aAbJi}KHTeJIHO

KaTaJIOr

I. cJJueypKu na KOHHUt{U.

1. HHB. N!! 1799. OT aHTHqHOTO CeJIHIII.e npn c. PYMaHH. CXeMaTHtIHO npenaneaa, pasnepeaa BCTpaHH psue. BHC. 4,2 CM (06p. 1).

34

HHTO sa 6POHsoBHTe ¢HrypKH, HHTO sa KaMeHHHTe naMeTHHUH. Ilpn H306paiKeHHHTa aa KOHqeTa nxouorpadcxoro CXOACTBO ce napaSHBa BbB BAHraaTHH narope Jf"HB npenea xpax, npH 6POH30BHTe ¢HrypKH To~a e MO)Ke 6H SaAbJI}KHTeJIeH HKOHorpa¢CKH ~·6eJIer, KonTO ce cpeiua H npa AOCTa 06pOtIHH peJIe¢HIO, KbAeTO nOA xpaxa e H306paseH OJITap, JIHnCBaIII. npa ¢Hr~pKHTe. OCBeH TOBa npn xaMeHHHTe naMeTHHUH 06HKHOBeHO KOHSIT e npenCTaBeH .C ABaTa BAHrHaTH npezua xpaxa c-B ranon, AOKaTO npn 6POH30BHTe ¢nrypKH Ton e B XOA HaAHCHO. .llpyr HKoHorpa¢CKH 6eJler, csspaaam 6POH30BHTe ¢HrypKH aa KOHqeTaTa C KaMeHHHTe nJIOqKH na Xepoca, e aaaspmexa na rpaaara, T .. Hap. "Haarschopf".

He3aBHcHMo OT nOCOqeHHTe 06III.H 6eJIe3H, KaCaeIII.H eAHo H CbIII.O 60}KeCTBO, HaJIHue ca H HeMaJIKO pa3JIHqHH. no npannun npn 6POHSOBHTe ¢HrypKH ce Ha6JIIOAaBa MHoro noonpocrena HKOHorpa¢CKa cxena, KoeTO CH-' rypno ce AbJI}KH na 06CTOHTeJICTBOTO, se re ca 6HJIH H3JIHBaHH B KaJIbnH. HHKOH eJIeMeHTH na yxpacara ca 6HJIH HaHaCHHH AOnbJIHHTeJIHO, CJIeA H3foTBHHeTo aa ¢HrypKaTa. npH KaMeHHHTe naMeTHHUH ManCTopbT e 6HJI no-cB060AeH B Ta3H HaCOKa H e HMaJI Bb3MO)KHOCT H sa xnororparypaa H CJIO}KHa B HKOHOrparpcxo OTHOlIIeHHe KOMn03HUHH. Taxa caMOTO eCTeCTBO aa ABaTa BHAa naMeTHHUH (6pOH30BH ¢HrYPKH H KaMeHHH nJIOqKH) 06SICHHBa pa3J1HqHSITa HM, CMSITaMe, qe H ABaTa BHAa naMeTHHUH ca 06pOqHH H ca nOAHaClIHH B Aap sa eAltH H CbIII.H 6or~. TpaKHiicKliSI KOHHHK, xaro ooase nopamr eCTecT,BOTO·· na caxxre naMeTHHUH H MaTepHaJIa, OT KOUTO re ca H3pa60TBaHH, nxoaorpaqmara HM e pa3JIHqHa, MaKap qe BHHarH e H3XO}KAaJIa OT enaa H CbIII.a peJIHrH03Ha npeacrasa,

nOBeqeTOOT 6POH30BHTe ¢HrypKH OT CJIHBeHCKH oxpsr npOH3JIH3aT OT aHTHqHH ceJIHIII.a. B ,UHncH3KaTa MOrHJIa ¢HrYPKHTe na KOHHHKa H Ha KOHqe ca HaMepeHH B aHTHqeH nJIaCT, H TO 3aeAHO C ¢parMeHTH OT nJIOqKH aa TpaKHHCKHSI KOHHHKll. Ilopana MaJIKHTe CH pasaepa re cnanar KbM T. Hap. nOABH}KHH naMeTHHUH H JIeCHO MoraT Aa nonannar BbH OT nbpBOHaqaJIHOTO CH MeCTOHaXO}KAeHHe HJIH OT pa60THJIHHuaTa, B KOHTO ca 6HJIH H3pa60TBaHH. BbB BceKH CJIyqan KaKTO KaMeHHHTe nJIOqKH, raxa H 6POH30BHTe ¢HrYPKH Ha KOHHHlI.H H KOHqeTa cnanar KbM 06pOqHHTe AapOBe, caspaaan C nOqHTaHeTO aa TpaKHHCKHH KOHHHK.

2. HHB . .N!! 1805. OT 3eMJIHIII.eTO aa HOBo ceao. ,UHcHaTa p sxa e crrycaara HaAOJIY, JISIBaTa - CBHTa B JIaKbTR H BAHrHaTa narope. .llJIaHTa npenaneua qpe3 cnneCKBaHe. BHc. 5,2 CM (06p. 2).

3. I1HB. N2 1802. Or aHTHlJHOTO cenmne npn C. PYMaHSI • .ITSiBaTa pr.xa e CBHTa B ioxpyx, ,lJ;SlCHaTa - OTnYCHaTa Ha,lJ;OJIy. q pea peJIe¢eH Pb6 na ,lJ;SlCHaTa psxa e pasrpaaasea XHTOHa OT HaMeraJIO. BHc. 4,5 CM (06p. 3).

4. I1HB. N2 2058. Or aHTHlJHHSI nJIaCT (1- IV B.) na )lHncH3KaTa CeJIHrn.Ha MOrIIJIa npu C. Esepo. )lSlcHara psxa e csyneaa B ropnara CH lJaCT, cnYCKaJIa ce e Ha,lJ;OJIY • .ITSlBaT3 pi.xa e BAHrHaTa aaropen ,lJ;JIaHTa e B noaa "benedidio latina". Kocare c-npenanena xpes nJIHTKH BpSl3BaHHSI. BHc. 5 CM (06p. 4 a, 6).

5. I1HB. N2 1796. Or aHTHlJHOTO ceamne npn npOXOpOBO. .ITSiBaTa pt.xa, B,lJ;HrHaTa Harope, H ,lJ;eCHHSlT xpax - OTlJyneHH. 06- JIeKJIOrO, 3araTHaTO npa uiaara spes KOCH B,lJ;JIb6HarH JIHHHH, KOCHTe 03HalJeHH csmo C JIHHHH. BHc. 5 CM (06p. 5).

II. cfJUi3YPKU na sonuema

6. I1HB. N2 1806. Or ceauunrara MOrHJIa npn 3aropUH - aHTHlJeH nJIaCT. AHaTOMHlJHO BSipHO npenanena OlJH H H03,lJ;PH. )lBe BepTHKaJIHH BpSl3BaHHSI nan OlJHTe. no uraara - ycnopenaa KOCH pe3KH, OT,lJ;eJISlrn.H JIeHTH, 3anbJIHeHH C BpSl3aHH xpt.rsera. Yxpaca OT BpSl3aHH xp'srnera, HeCHMerpHlJHO pa3nOJIO}J{eHH no TSlJIOTO. )leeHHSlT B,lJ;HrHaT npeaea xpax - C ,lJ;06pe npenaneno KonHTO, OCTaHaJIHTe TpH xpaxa - OTlJyneHH. BHc. 3 CM, ,lJ;bJI1K. 4 CM (06p. 6).

7. I1HB. N2 2783. Or aHTHlJHHSI nJIaCT (1- IV B.) na )lHncH3KaTa CeJIHrn.Ha MOrIIJIa npn Esepo, MYUYHaTa- rpernpaaa reoMerpHlJHO, CbC 3araTHaTO apaaaao OKO. I'pasara - npenaaena C ycnope,lJ;HH, KOCH

1 Bnaronapuu na napexrop a aa I'pancxa IICTOpH'IeCKII MY3eft - HOBa 3aropa, M. KbH'IeB, 'Ie HI! paspeura na ny6J1I1KYBaMe q,lIrypKHTe. HHKOJIKO 6POH30BH naMeTHHlJ,1I ca ny6J1H KYBaHII OT H. K d" i'I'I e B. MOrHJlHH HaXO~Kl! OT HOB03aropCKIIH MY3ei'l. MOfllJlHa naxonxa OT .z:r_e6e,lT. - C60PI:IIIK B '1eCT na axan, )1,. )1,e'leB. C., 1958, c.473. B npyra CTaTHH uie ce 3aHHMaeM C npyrare <l:>HrypKH 01' MY3eH.

2 L. 0 g n e nova - Mar i nova. Les statuettes en bronze du Musee National ii Sofia. (Statuettes du culte). S., 1975, p.42, N 17.

3 r. T a 6 a K 0 B a - U; a HOB 11 .. )1,pe6Ha lIJ1aCTHKa B Kaaaaauurxa s MY3ei'l. - MnK, 2-3, 1967, 54-57, N99-14.

'H. T a H'I e B a - B a C 1I .1 e B a. AHTII'IHlI

6POH30BH craryerxu B OHM - ~M60Jl. - H3BecTHH aa MY3eHTe B IOr01l3TO'lHa B'bJirapHH, 4, 1981, c. 4 CJI. 5 r. K a u a p 0 B. Tpasascxoro caeraaauie npn c. )1,Hil:HHKJlHH. - rnJlHBM, 1925, c. 162 ca.: L. 0 g-

BpSl3BaHHSI H aaasptuaa rope C nJIOCKO npeaanea rpaneuoanaea aapacrr,x. IlpeaHHSlT neceii xpax - H3,lJ;HrHaT narope. BHc. 4 CM, ,lJ;bJI}J{. 4,6 CM (06p. 7).

8. I1HB. N!! 1901. Or aHTHlJHOTO cenaute npa Iler MOrIIJIH. I'pnsara - npenaneaa C XOpH30HTaJIHH, ycnopennn pe3KH H C nJIOCbK .Haarschopi'', B ,lJ;OJIHaTa lJaCT aa lIlHSITa - penepaa JIeHTa, yxpaceaa C no SIC OT CUMeTpHlJHO pa3nOJIO}J{eHH BpSl3aHH xpsrsera. TSIJIOTO - npeaazeno cpaBHHTeJIHO ,lJ;0- 6pe. Kpaxara ca ornynena, aanasea e cano n penna SIT, neceu, B,lJ;HrHaT narope xpax. BHc. 3,8 CM, ,lJ;'bJI1K. 4,6 CM (06p. 8).

9. I1HB. J'~i.: 1800. Or aHTHtJHOTO cenmne npa npOXOpOBO. AHaTOMHtJHO ,lJ;06pe npeaaaeaa raaaa. no umara - ,lJ;bJI60KH, KOCH, ycnopenmr Hape3H, Me:lK,lJ;y KOHTO - BpSl3aHH KpbrtJeTa • .ITeBHSlT 3a,lJ;eH KpaK - oT1IyneH. BHc. 3,8 CM, ,lJ;bJI}J{. 5 CM (06p. 9).

10. I1HB. N2 1804. Or 3eMJIHrn.ero na C. [OJISIMa ,lJ;eTeJIHHa. Be3 yxpaca, Kpaxara ca OTlJyneHH. CpaBHHTeJIHO cspasuepao H T01lHO npenaneao TSlJIO. BHc. 4,6 CM, ,lJ;bJI:lK. 5 CM (06p. 10).

11. I1HB. N!! 1801. Or aHTHtJHOTO cenanie npa )lSl,lJ;OBO. [OJISIMa 1IaCT OT lIlUSITa C rnaaara H asara 3a,lJ;HH xpaxa ca oT1IyneHH. I'paaara - npenaneaa C ,lJ;'bJI60KU. ycnopeJlHU pe3KH H e yxpacena C none OT CHMerpn1lHO pa3nOJI01KeHH spsrsera. BHc. 3,5 eM. ,lJ;bJI:lK. 4,3 CM (06p. 11).

12. I1HB. N!! 1798. Or 3eMJIHrn.eTO ua C. BpaTSI KYHlJeBH. [pH1KJIHBO H3pa60TeHa craryerxa. OtJHTe, Be1K,lJ;HTe If rpaaara - C xapaxrepea "Haarschopf" ca npezaaean C nJIUTKH JIHHHH. Ha unrara - yxpaca OT TOtJKH Me1K,lJ;y nse ycnopeaan JIHHHH. BHC. 6 CM, ,lJ;bJl}IC 5,8 CM (06p. 12).

n en 0 v a - Mar i nova. Op. cit., 50-52, N 31- 32, 35-37.

8 E. H. 4 e p H hi x. I'opaoe neno II MeTaJlYPrHH B ~peBHeil:weil: BOJlfapHH. C., 1978, c.40.

7 G. K a z a r 0 v. Die Denkmiiler des Thrakischen Reitergottes in Bulgarleu. Budapest, 1938; )1,. n. )1, H M H T P 0 B. AHTIt'lHH naMel'HHUH 01' CTa~ p a 3aropa H HeHHal'a OKOJIHOCT. - HBAH, 6, 1932- 1933, 309-310.

8 B. Bop H COB. 06PO'lHH naMel'HHUH na

TpaKHHCKHH KOHHHK 01' OKQJIHOCl'Hl'e aa H. 3aropa. - BeKoBe, 1981, 1, 73--76.

• TOBa BalKH ocoeeao 3a naMeTHHUIlTe 01' BTOpara rpyna. --- I(azarov. Op. cit., 6-7. OTHOCHO nbenedietio latina" BlK Ibid., S. 7.

10 B. Bop H C 0 B~ Heny6J1HKyaaHH 06poQHH IIJIO'lKH aa TpaKHHcKHH KOHHI!K 01' MY3eH B Hoaa 3m'opa. - Thracia anti qua, 7, 1980, 15-44.

35

Figurines en bronze de cavaliers et de poulains du departernent de N. Zagora

P. Gorbanov, T. Ka n t c e v a

.. Les auteurs et udi ent 12 figurines en bronse non p ubl iees de cavaliers et de p oul ai ns du fonds "du Musee hi stor i quc municipal - Nova Zag or a.

La classification des figurines est faite sur l a base de traits Icou ogrnphi ques et st yl isti ques. On sou-

ligne qu'independamment des differences dans! 'leonographie et l e style de ces figurines en bronze et plaques r ituel les d u cavalier thr ace, il sagi t de monuments r i t uels , consacrees a line seul e et merne ilivinite - .. - l e cavalier thrace.

K bCHOaHTH4eH HeKpOnOJI KpatI rpan K bp,lI.)KaJIH

UB UPEMCH30BA-HEn4HHOBA

TIpe3 1977 r. ce HaJIO)KH na sanomrej« pas-

.xonaaanero na enna MOrHJla B sanannara oxpafnrnna na KBapT3Jl Becenxaaa, rpan KbP,n;)KaJlH, nopann 06CT05ITeJlCTBOTO, qe rorousTOqHaTa H qaCT nonaaame B napuen, B KOUTO npencroeiue ,n;a ce CTPOH ,n;eTCKH ,n;OM. B npo,n;bJl)KeHHe na TpH JleTHH KaMrraHHH paaxonaxne .nacr OT JO)KI-J3Ta nep arpepaa". TyK neoxaxBaHO nonanuaxue na HeKpOnOJl (06p. 1). OT

CBe,n;eHH51 na MeCTHH )KHTeJlH Y3HaxMe, qe rp060Be (cxenern H KepaMHqHH cb,[(oBe) ca ~HJlH OTKpHTH npH npoKapBaHe Ha nbTH 3a Jl03HTa, KOUTO e OTCHK'bJl qaCT OT MOrHJlaTa, KaKTO H npn 06pa60TBaHeTo 1-1a Jl0351Ta, pasrrOJlO)KeHH I())KHO OT HeH.

• G6p. 1. Moeuuima u netcpono na, Fig. 1. La colline et la necropole

1

36

B pe3YJlTaT na pa3KOrrKHTe 651xa rrpoyqeHH 36 rpooa (06p. 2). MecTaTa na rp060BeTe 651xa oueprann OT JlOMeHH H peqHH KaMbHH, Hapenenn B xpi.roae HJlH ennncu (06p. 3). Y rroTpe6eHH 651xa KaMbHH C paanunua rOJleMHHa. Kpt.roaere HMaxa ,n;HaMeTpH 01' 3,20 111 ,[(0 1,30111, a ennncnre 3,70x3,20 111, 2,50 111 X 1,80 M, 2,30 M xl ,20 M H rrp. B uenrr.pa HJlH MaJlKO BCTpaHH OT near-spa HM 6Hxa nOCTaBeHH enna HJlH nse nnonn. CbOpb)KeHH51Ta 01' xpr.rose H eJIHrrCH 651xa rbCTO napeneun, qeCTO e,[(HH OT ,n;pyrH C 1I1aJlKH pa3CT051HH5I Me)K,n;y T5IX, a B H51KOH cnyxau re ce aacrt.nnaxa. Taxa KaMeHHHTe rr05ICH na rp060Be 2, 3, 6, 20 H 24 nencaxa nan I, 7,

• G6p. 3. Kauennume IWHCU nat) epotioeeme, Fig. 3 . Ceintures en pierre au-dessus des tom beaux

3

2

• 06p. 2. Cumtjauusi ILa epotioeeme, Fig. 2. Situation des tombeaux

• 06p> 4; Ipo6 8. Fig. 4. Tombeati 8

4

o

5 10

15

\

\

M 1:200

+

12, 29, KoeTO rosopeure, qe re ca 6HJlH oxepTaHH nO-KbCHO. Tp516Ba ,lI.a OT6eJle)!{HM, se H51KOJlKO KaMeHHH noaca B 1O)l\HHTe CHqaCTH 651xa paapynrean OT TIpOKapaHH5I TIbT. Ha M51CTOTO na rpoo 8 OTKpHxMe nnoiuanxa OT TIJlOqeCTH KaMbI-IH C pasvepn 1,60 M X 1 M. HenOCpe,ll.CTBeHO ,lI.0 Hen ce navepnxa qaCTH OT nanaua, pario rena na pr.xa. <l>aKTbT, qe, asnpocnara nnornanxa 6ewe caao na 0,20M ,lI.bJl60qHHa non ceraWHOTO HHBO, ,lI.orrYCKa, 'Ie H51Kora T51 e 6HJla aa cavara rrOBbpXHOCT.

Dorpe6eHH51Ta pa3KpHXMe aa .lI.bJl60qHH~· OT 0,30 M .lI.O 0,90 M. YCTaHoBHxMe cnenanre BH,lI.OBe rp06HH CbOpb)!{eHH51:

1. KblV! nbpBH51 BH,lI. npnnannescar rpo-. 60Be, nsrpanenn OT n.norm BbB <popMa na npa-:

BObrbJlHHK lIJlH Y.lI.bJl)!{eH rpaneu (06p. 4) .. 06HKHoBeHo sa KbCHTe CTpaHlI ca H3rrOJl3YBaHH ' no enna nnoxa, a sa ,lI.bJlrHTe - rro enaa (3a . .lI.eTCKHTe rp060Be) H no H51KOJlKO aa at.spacr-. HHTe. 3a nOKpHTHe ca H3rrOJI3YBaHHCbmO TIJIOqH. Ilopann nenpanannara <pOPM3 na .TIJlO-. qHTe, ynorpeoeau B CbcTo51HHeTo, B KoeTO ca 6HJllI oruenenn, 6e3 norn.nunrenaa , oopa- 6oTKa, npn CTpOe)Ka ua rp060BeTe ca ce . no- , JlyqHJllI <pyrH. DOCJle,ll.HlITe 651xa aarn.auean C nO-.lI.pe61U! I<aMbHH IlJJH C ,lJ,onbJlHIlTeJlHO .no- . CTaBeHH n.noun, ,lle6eJlIlHaTa na rinonure e, OT 0,08 M .lI.O 0,12 M. DO)lbT e npi.cr. KbM Ta3H rpyrra ce OTHaC5IT rp060Be 2, 3, 8, 17,' 18, 20, 31, 35 H 36.

37,'

2. BapHaHT OT rrspaus BH,n: ca rp06HHTe CbOpb)KeHHH, npn KOHTO rp060BeTe ca orpaHHqeHI1 OT nJloql1 cano OT nsere KbCI1 CTpaHI1, Ha,n: KOI1TO Jle)KH nOKpHTHe OT enna HJlH noseue nJlOqH (rp060Be 5 11 25). B rpoo 5 r naaara na nerero e 611Jla nOCTaBeHa st.pxy nnoxa (06p. 5).

3. TpeTHHT BH,n:, npencraseu C HaH-rOJI5IM 6pOH rp06HH CbOpb)KeHH5I, npencraanaaa 51Ma, HaH-qeCTO C HenpaBHJIHa diopva, H3,n:bJI6aHa B 3,n:paBI151 repen 11 noxpura orrope C HHKOJIKO nJloql1 (rp060Be 1, 4, 4 a, 11, 14, 19, 21, 23, 26, 29, 30, 32, 33 11 35). Pa3HoBH,n:HOCT na T0311 run ca rp060Be 10, 13, 16 H 24, npn KOHTO JlHnCBaT nOKpl1BHHTe nJIOqH.

KaMeHHHTe rp06HI1UH 651xa 3anbJIHeHH C npscr, npOHHKHaJla npea <pYrI1Te. DOKpHBHHTe nJloql1, OTqaCTH c-rynenn HJIH XJIbTHaJIH non Te)KeCTTa na 3ell1JleHH5I HaCHn na MOrHJIaTa, ca npHqHHHJIH CHJlHI1 nOBpe,n:H Ha CKeJleTHTe. Dorpe6eHH5ITa ca H3BbpllleHI1 spea rpvnononarane, C H3KJIlOqeHHe cauo na TOBa OT rpoo 9, Kb,n:eTO TpynbT e 611Jl H3ropeH. 3a TOBa CBHnerencrayaaxa BbrJIeHHTe, nenenr'a H CHJlHO 06rOpeHI1Te qOBelllKH KOCTH. MbpTBHTe ca 611JlH nOJIO)KeHH na rpb6 C orrsnarn OTCTpaHI1 na T5IJlOTO pr.ue, a cavo B naa cnysas - xpr.CTOCaHI1 na r-spnare. OpHeHTaUH5ITa e HaHpaanauna: H3TOK-3ana,n: C r.naaa na : H3TOK, toronarox=-ceaepoaanan C r.naaa na ceseposanan, ceaeponarox-croroaanan C r.naaa na iorosanan, ceaep=-ior C r JIaBa na cenep H H3TOK-3ana,n: C r.naaa na sanan (8 6p05l).

Dorpe6eHH5ITa npnnanneacar na ,n:eua, na MJIa,n:H H Bb3pacTHH HH,n:HBH,n:H. Ilorperianen HHBeHTap, CbCT05lIlI. ce OT Jll1qHH BeIlI.H H rp06HH napose, HMallle cavo B ner rpooa (4, 4 a, 8, 9 H 24). JIHqHHTe BeIlI.H ca repnaan 01' CTbKJIeHI1 MbHHCTa, rpHBHH H 6POH30BH <PH6YJlH. MbHHcTaTa ca nJlOCKI1 C xpt.r-na <popMa, C<PepHqHH 11 UI1JlHH,n:PHqHH C )KbJIT, P030B H TbMHOCI1H UBHT H C ,n:l1aMeTbp 01' 0,025 M no 0,08 M. MbHHcTa OT T03H BH,n: ce cpeuiar rm.pne qeCTO B )KeHCKH rp060Be2• TpHTe rpHBHH ca 113pa60TeHH OT 6pOH3. I1MaT xpt.rrro cesenae C ,n:HaMeTbp 0,04 M. Kpamuara na ,n:BeTe rpHBHI1 aam.piunar C pOM60BH,n:HH naosxa, I1MHTl1paIlI.H r.naan na 3MI1I1, a rperara - C npaaor.r-snun (06p. 6). HanbJIHO l1,n:eHTHqHH rpHBHH ca OTKpl1TH B HeKpOnOJIa KpaH rp aa DJleBeH, npOH3XO)K,n:aIlI. OT IV B.3 <PH6YJlI1Te, nanepenn B rp060Be 4 a H 8, ca CHJlHO <pparMeHTHpaHI1 H He n03BOJlHBaT ,n:a nOJlyqHM npencraaa aa T5IXHaTa <popMa.

B rp060Be 9 II 24 651xa nauepenn no enna JlaMna, B rpoo 1 H5IKOJIl<O Kbca OT JlaMnHqKa, a npn nosesero OT OCTaHaJlHTe norpecenns 6Hxa np scnarn KbCOBe OT KepaMHqHH Cbnone.

Ennara JlaMna e H3pa60TeHa OT <pHHa rJIHna C 51pKOqepBeH UB5IT (06p. 7). I1Ma xpt.r-s.n ,n:HCK H CHJlHO y,n:bJl)KeH <pHTHJIHHK. Cnarineaa e C MaJlKa ,n:pb)KKa BbB BH,n: na nJIbTeH xouyco- 06pa3eH napacri,x. I1Ma ,n:bJI)KI1Ha 0,11 1\1, ,n:HaMeTbp 0,064 M H BHCoqHHa 0,03 M. B KOH-

38

6

.06p. 5. Fpo6 5. Fig. 5. Tombeau 5

• 06p. 6. I'pueuu om epotioee 4 a u 8. Fig. 6. Bracelets des tombeaux 4a et 8

KaBHH5I ,n:HCK e npencrasen 6lOCT na xcena, H3JIH3aIlI. 01' JlYHeH cspn. Kocara e CTHJlH3Hpana, npenanena npes BpH3aHH ycnopennn JIHHHHKH, a nan QeJIOTO aam.puma C xp'sr.na yxpaca. Ha sp ara HMa or-spmnia OT KpbrJ1H TOnQeTa - nep.nn. JIyHHH5IT ct.pn e C BpH3aHH QepTHuH, orpaJ-IHQeHH 01' penednm IIBHUH. DJleIlI.HTe ca yKpaceHH OT ,n:BOHHH CnHpaJ1H, a Me)K,n:y T5IX - pOM6QeTa C nyrmnua B uenr-spa. Ha ,n:bHOTO ca Bp5l3aHH ,n:Be KOHueHTPHqHII OKPb)KHOCTH. HanbJ1HO anaxornuna J1aMna no pa3Mepl1 II yKpaca e OTKpl1Ta npH pasxonxure na aTHHCKaTa aropa". 113,n:aTeJ1HT 51 nampa OT V B. II CM5ITa, qe e snecena 01' H5IKOe aTeJ1He 01' Cesepua A<pPHKa. Do,n:06HH TpH J1aMnH ca ny6J1HKYBaHH 01' P. ,UeJ16plOJ{5. 113BecTIm pa3J1HQH5I ce I-W6J1lO,n:aBaT B yKpacara BbPXY nJ1eIlI.HTe. 06pa3bT e onpenenen KaTO 6lOCT na <paYCTa. JIaMnHTe ca 01' IV B. H5IMa CbMHeHHe, Qe H naurara .najma e HMnop rna CTOKa OT CbIlI.H51 xepauanen UeHTbP, 01' KOHTO npOH3XO)K,n:aT nOCOqeHHTe no-rope eK3eMnJ151pH, H Tp5l6Ba na ce nOCTaBH B nepuona IV-V B. Bropara nanna e H3pa60TeHa

.06p. 7. Jlauna om epoti 9. Fig. 7. Lampe du .06p. 8. Jlauna om epoti 24. Fig. 8. Lampe du

tombeaa 9 tombcau 24

OT necsununa r JIHHa C sepnea UB5lT (o6p. 8). T5l HMa ¢opMa Ha KOHycoo6pa3Ha OTBopeHa nanra. B uenrt.pa H ce H3,ll.Hra UHJIHH)l.pHqeH ¢HTHJIHHK C TpH nynvnun B OCHOBaTa. T5l HMa ,ll.HaMeTbp 0,078 M H BHCOqHHa 0,038 M. CHa6- ,ll.eHa e CbC CJIo)KHO npO¢HJIHpaHa noncrasxa, BHCOKa 0,09 M. EJIH3KH no BH,ll. JIalvlnH ca OTKpHTH B pHMCKaTa BHJIa KpaH ceJIO Nla,ll.apa6 H B rOJI5lMaTa neruep a? npn CbmOTO ceJIO, npOH3XO)K)l.amH OT IV B. Pa3JIHKaTa e, qe Te ca nocrasenn BbPXY HHCKH CTOJIqeT3. nO,ll.06HH JIaMrrH ca H3BeCTHH H OT Xepconec OT CbmH5l nepnon". OT rperara .najrna e s ana3eHa ropHaTa nOJIOBHHa OT )l.HCKa C Kbca nJIbTHa ,ll.pb)KKa. J.13pa6OTeHa e OT rrJIaCTHqHa rJIHHa C apxonepnen UB5lT. B ,ll.HCKa HMa UBeTeH opnavear - JIHCTOBH,ll.Ha poaera, a BbPXY rmemnre - armcann e)l.HH B npyr TpHbrbj[HHUH, OrpaHHqeJ-IH or nne ycrropennn JIHHHH. .naMnaTa HMa ,ll.HaMeTbp 0,06 M. no ¢opMa H opuaueur T5l CTOH 6JIH30 no JIaMrrHqKaTa, npoaaxoxorauta OT MOrHJIaTa KpaH ceJIO n'b- 60BO OT norpeoennero, narnp ano or nepnona II-IV B.9 nO,ll.06HH eK3eMnJI5lpH ce cpeniar TBbp,ll.e qeCTO B aHTHqHH H KbCHOaHTHqHH CeJIHma H HeKpOnOJIH.

Kep auaxara, HaMepeJ-Ia B rporiosere HJIH B nacn na OKOJIO nIX, e CIUIHO q)panvleHTHpaHa. T51 npOH3XO)K,ll.a OT naHHqKH, r-spueuua, an-

¢OpOBH,ll.HH CTOMHH (npenuxno ,ll.Pb)KKH). EOJIJlIHHCTBOTO OT T5IX ca H3TOqeHH OT necsnaaaa rJIHHa C KepeMH,ll.eHOqepBeH UB5IT. <I>parMeHTHpaHOTO r-spnenue OT rpoo 1, KaKTO orne H5lKOJIKO xt.ca, ca H3pa6oTeHH OT nJIaCTHqHa rJIHHa, nOKpHTH C xepaen ¢HpHHC. CnovenaTHTe rpparxenrn OT noxaunra xepavnxa uaMHpaT aHaJIOrHqeH MaTepHaJI B pennua CeJIHuta H HeKpOnOJIH, CbmecTBYBaJIH B nepnona II-IV B_1o Havepnx a ce H KbCOBe OT ci.none, pa60TeHH na p sxa. Te npOH3XO)K,ll.aT OT naHHuH C KOHyco06pa3Ha ¢opMa, B KOHTO 5ICHO JIHqaT Tpa,ll.HUHHTe na xepannxara OT npenpnvcxara enoxa.

Tp516Ba ,ll.a OT6eJIe)KHM H enna 3JIaTHa MOnera OT BH3aHTHHCKH5l HMrrepaTop 3eHoH (479-491 r.), oTKpHTa B nacnna na e,ll.HH OT H3KorrHTe, uanpasen B MHHaJIOTO. Bb3MO)KHO e Ta3H MOHeTa ,ll.a nponsxosota OT pa3pYJlIeHOTO norperienne, na "HHTO OCTaHKH nonannaxne B cnOMeHaTH5l H3Kon. OT Hero 65Ixa sanaaena ,ll.OJIHHTe KOCTH OT xpaxara. OpHeHTaUII5ITa na MbpTBH5I e 6HJIa aarox=-aanan C r.naaa na sana.a. I'poot.r e 6HJI nsxonan B HaCHITa na MOrHJIaTa.

Pa3KpHTH5IT HeKpOnOJI KpaH rpan Kbp,ll.)KaJIH rrpe,IKTaBJI5IBa ocooea mrrepec, TbH KaTO npu Hero YCTaHOBHBaMe CbqeTaHHeTO OT nsa eJIeMeHTa. OT enna crpaua, KaMeHHHTe n05ICH,

8

39

0603HalIaBaw.ri M.HCTOTO aa rpooa, a, OT ,npyra - caxare rpooose, JIe)Kaw.H na 3HalIHTeJIHa ,n'bJI60IIHHa non TSiX. D'bPBHSlT eJIeMeHT cpemaae B HeKpOnOJIa Kpall ceJIO Bniuerpan, OTCTOSIW. na 6 Kf){ OT K'bp,n)KaJIHll. TYK 06alIe Kp'brOBeTe H eJIHnCHTe 6S1xa OKOJIO OCHOBHTe na MotHJIHTe, a caunre norperieaaa 6S1xa H3B'bplIIeHH IIpe3 nsrapsne. B'b3 OCHOBa na MOHeTH TOll e ,naTHpaH OT HalIaJIOTO na II B. ,nO cpenara aa III B.

BTOPHSIT eJIeMeHT - rp06HHUH, H3rpa,neHH OT nJIOIIH, e C'bW.O H3BeCTeH OT K'bp,n)KaJIHllCKH.H patioa, a HMeHHO B MOrHJIHHSI HeKpOnOJI xpaa ceJIO OCTpHua12• B'b3 OCHOBa aa MOHeTH OT KOHcTaHTHH BeJIHKH (306-337 r.) rpooHHUHTe ca ,naTHpaHH OT HalIaJIOTO aa IV B. KaMeHHH rp06HHUH ca n03HaTH H OT ,npyrH xpaama aa crpauara HH, ooxaamaura nepaoaa II-IV BP fp060BeTe, orpopxeaa OT KaMeHHH nJlOIJH, ce OTHaCSIT K'bM THn VII cnopen xnacH<pHKauHSlTa na JI. feTOB14. Ilorpeoeaaara B .HMH C'bC HJIH 6e3 nOKpHTHe HaMHpaT aHaJIOrHH B penaua HeKpOnOJIHlli. DpOYlIaaHHSlTa YCTaHOBSIBaT, lIe Te ca 6HJIH pa3npOCTpaHeHH npea III B., a Hall-MaCOBO npes IV B. H CJIe.naauiare BeKoBe16•

Oc06eH narepec npe,nCTaBJI.HBa KaMeHHaTa naoiuanxa aan rpoo 8, KOSITO cnopen Hac e CJIY)KHJIa KaTO MSlCTO sa nOCTaBSIHe aa xpana H nHTHe no apexe aa B'b3nOMeHaHHSlTa. C'bW.OTO T'bJIKYBaHe nasa H B. Haaneaona aa nJIOmaaaara, OTKpHT'a B HeKpOnOJIa Kpall ceJIO I'ena, KOSI TO sa pa3JIHKa OT HalIIHTe e nanpaaeaa OT KepaMHIIHH <pparMeHTH17• CMSlTaMe, se C'bW.OTO npeaaaanaxeaae ca HMaJIH H nJIOIJeCTHTe KaM'bHH, KOHTO 6S1xa nOCTaBeHH B cpenara vaa KaMeHHHTe nOSICH. Do,n06HH MaJIKH nJIow.a,nKH, HO nsrpanena OT TYXJIH, cpentaae npa norpeoeaasra B MOrHJIa 3 B aexponOJIa' npx CeJIolJepHo3eM, DJIOB,nHBCKH OKpir1s.

B-bB Bp'b3Ka C pHTyaJIHTe, ct.npoaoacaama norpeoeaaara, Tp.H6Ba na OT6eJIe)KHM CJIe,nHHTe ocooeaocrn:

1. Jlancara aa norpeoanea HHBeHTap B 60JIlIIHHCTBOTO rpocose. OOHcHeHHeTo ua T03H ~KT MO)KeM ,naT'bpCHM B npoMeHHTe Ha peJIHrH03HHTe B.HpBaHlHI, HaCT'bnHJIH BCJIe,nCTBlie XPHCTHHHH3HpaHeTO na HaCeJIeHHeTO. Ta3H MHC'bJI ce no,nKpen.H H, OT B'b3npHeTHH HaIJHH Ha norpeeenae - TpynonOJIaraHe aa M'bpTBRTe C 0pHeHTaUH.H aarox=-aanan II C rJI3Ba aa 3ana,n, HJlH C H3BeCTHH OTKJIOHeHlIH, B 3aBHCRMOCT OTce30Ha, KaKTO ro 1I3HCKBa XPHCTHHHCK8Ta peJIHrHH.

2. DOCT3'BHHeTO aa K'bClIeTa )KeJIH3Ha pyaa (rpotioae 30, 31, 32 H 33), <I> a KT'bT, IJe re ca aauepeaa B ,neTCKH rp060Be, ,nonycKa, IJe re ca CJIY)KHJIH aa nrpaae.

3. HaJIlIIJHeTO HaB'brJIeHlIeTa B rp060Be 30, 31 II 32.

40

,UaHHlITe, C KOHTO pasnoaaraue, ca aenoCTaT'bIJHH, 3a ,na ce onpe,neJIH, C'bC CHrypHOCT eTHOCOIlHaJIHHH xapaxrep aa ROrpe6aHHTe. HaJIHIJHeTO ooase na nsere Ha,nrpo6HH MOrHJIH (ennara YHHw.O)KeHa B MliHaJIO~9, a apyrara, KOSITO pasxonaaaxe), CB'bp3aH~' C norpeoanHHTe OOHtIaH aa TpaKHTe, rOBOpSlT B nOJI3a aa MeCTHO TpaKHnCKO HaCeJIeHHe. DpoYtISaHeTO na CeJIHw.eTO, KoeTO ce aaaapa aa OKOJIO 300- 400 M aanaano OT HeKpOnOJIa, B HHBHTe, me H3HCHH nO-TOtIHO T03H ssnpoc.

B'bB spt.axa C onpezensae XpOHOJIOrHtIHHTe rpaHHUH aa C'bW.ecTBYBaHHeTo na aexponona TPHOS3 na HMaMe rrpenana pennua OOCTOHTeJICTBa. Ilpena BCHtIKO ce nOCTaBSI ssnpocsr sa C'bOTHOlIIeHHeTO Me:>K,ny HeKpOnOJIa H .aanrpooaara MOrHJla. KaKTo BH.l{SlXMe, MecTaTa aa 30 rpooa OT pasxparare 36 ca 0003HaIJeHH C KaMeHHH noscn, KOeTO MO)Ke .na ce nanpasa cauo S Cs060,nHa, nesarpynaaa OT MOrHJIHHH HaCHn nnom. DPH rosa nOJIO)KeHHe rpstisa na npneaea, tIe cnOMeHaTHTe· rpOOOBe ca nopanna OT MOrHJlaTa. OT nocera npOYtIeHHTe MOrHJIH e YCTaHOBeHO, tIe T03H BH,n rp06HH C'bOp'b)KeHHH, xapaxrepaa sa rpaxaacxnre nneMeHa, e npaKTHKYBaH no cpenara aa IV B. 3a C'b)K3JIeHHe K'bp.l{)KaJIlIllCKaTa MOrHJIa see outee s nponec aa 1I3CJIe,nBaHe, KoeTO He no- 3BOJIHBa aa onpeneaa« BpeMeTO na HellHOTO HaTpynBaHe. UUe ce B'b3nOJI3YBaMe OT ,naHHHre, KOHrO HMaMe sa cscenaara MOrHJIa, paspyurena npn H3paBHSlBaHe aa repeaa aa nrpmne, B'b3 OCHOBa aa aaxonxare, OTKpHTH B HeH H npeaa BCH1IKO ua 3JIaTHaTa nJI01lKa C oopaaa na opanra, MOrHJIaTa MO)Ke zta ce ,narnpa OT HaIJaJIOTO ,no cpenar a aa IV B. OKOJIO TOBa speae rpsrisa .na e 6HJIa nacanaaa H pasxonasanara OT Hac MOrHJIa.B TaK'bB CJIy- 1Iall rp060BeTe, orpanean OT KaMeHHH nOHCH, ute TpHOBa ,na OTHeceM npena Ta3H nara, B nonxpena aa Ta3H ,naTHpOBKa ce HBHBaT H nOCOIJeHHTe aHaJIOrHH B xapaxrepa aa rpooHHTe c'bOp'b)KeHIIH II aaxonxare (6pOH30BlITe rpaana, JIaMnllTe, xepauaxara). 06CTOSlTeJICTBOTO, tIe HHKOJIKO KaMeHHH noaca ca oseprann sspxy no-p.aHHH, lI,nBa ,na noncxasce, lIe HeKpOnOJI'bT e C'bW.ecTBYBaJI no-,n'bJI'br nepnon. Haa-panen e rpof 9, K'b,neTO norpe6eaaero e 611JIO 1I3B'bplIIeHO IIpe3 1I3rapHHe. B'b3 OCHOBa na JIaMnlilIKaTa TOll MO)Ke na ce narapaor HalIaJIOTO na IV B. HHKOH OT pasPYlIIeHHTe B MliHaJIOTO rp060Be MoraT na ce OTHecaT K'bMKpaSi aa I II B., C'b,nellKlf. no <pparMeHTliTe OT KepaM1I1IHH csnoae, np'bqmTH B JI03HTa. HeKpOnOJI'bT e npo,n'bJI)KlIJI ,na <PYHKuaoaapa II CJIe,n KaTO xoraaara e 611JIa aarpynana, KaKTO nOKa3BaT OTKpliTHTe B HenHliH aacan rp060Be (OT NIl 31 no .Ne 36). 3JIaTHaTa MOHeTa OT mmeparop 3eHoH no aeocnopnu HatIliH cBlI,neTeJICTsYBa aa xpaaaara nara na HeKpOnOJIa.

KaTaJ10r n a rp060BeTe

r p 0 6 1. KaMeHeH n05Ic. B cpenara nJIOCbK KaMbK. Ha ,lJ.bJI60lJIlHa 0,85 M nse nJIOlJH, a non T5IX - CKeJIeT Ha ,lJ.eTe, CHJIHO nospenen. 0pHeHTaUH5I C-IO. <pparMeHTH OT JIaMnHlJxa, rbpHeHue II KaHHlJKa CbC CHB UB5IT.

r p o 6 2. Ha ,lJ.bJI6. 0,75 M rpoo OT nJIOlJH.

Bb3paCTeH HH)lIIBH)l. 0pHeHTaUH5I C-IO. CKeJIeTbT CHJIHO nospenen.

r p 0 6 3. Ha )lbJI6. 0,75 M rpoo, orpopMeH OT nJIOlJH, C rpaneuoannna cpopMa. CKeJIeT na nere, noapenen. 0pHeHTaUII5I C3-IOYI..

r p 0 6 4. Ha ,lJ.bJI6. 0,85 M rpoti, II3)lbJI- 6aH B TepeHa H nOKpHT C nJIOlJH. CKeJIeT Ha IvlJIa,lJ. HH,lJ.HBH,lJ.. L[epenbT CMalJKaH, a OCTaHaJI¥lTe KOCTH pa3MeCTel-IH. 0pHeHTaUH5I CH- 103. no lJepena 24 CTbKJIeHH MbHHCTa.

.G6p. 9. Fpoti 4a Fig. 9. Tombeau 4a

• G6p. 10. Fpoti 8a Fig. 10. Tombeau Sa.

6 ApXeOJIOflUI, 1, 1988

r p 0 6 4 _a. Cesepoaananao OT rpoo 4 H OTlJaCTH aacr-snen OT Hero. Tpoo-aua. noKpHT C nJIOlJH. CKeJIeT ua MJIa,lJ. HH,lJ.HBII)l. -lepern.r 06bpHaT Ha)l5ICHO, a psuere - ycnopenno I-Ia T5IJIOTO. OKOJIO nepena 5 MbHHCTa, na ,lJ.5ICHaTa pr.xa - 6pon30Ba rpnana, a OKOJ[O llIHHHHTe npenr.aenn - cpparMeHTHpaHa CPH- 6yJIa (06p. 9). 0pHeHTaUH5I CYI.-I03.

r p 0 6 5. Ha ,lJ.bJI6. 0,40!V[ rpoti, orpopMeH OT nJIOlJH. CHJIHO paapyiuen CKeJIeT aa ziere. I'nanara e 6HJIa nOCTaBeHa BbPXY nJIOlJa. OpHel-lTaUH5I C-IO. I'naaara na cesep.

r p 0 6 6. I10,lJ. KaMeHHHTe xpr.rone na rp060Be 2 H 3. Ilorpeoeanero paapyureno. Kt.coae 01' KepaMHlJHH ct.nose.

r p 0 6 7. I10)l KaMeHHH5I n05IC aa rpoo 6,

n6p. 11. Fpo6 14. Fig. 11. Tombeau 14

• G6p. 12. Fpo6 18. Fig. 12. Totnbeau 18

•

1/

12

41

KOUTO e pa3pYUHfJI CKeJIeTa. B cpenara naa nJIOCKH KaM'bKa.

r p 0 0 8. Ha .ll.'bJIo. 0,20 M KaMeHHa nJIOma.ll.Ka (1,20x 1,60 M). no HeSI lIaCTH OT naHHUH, p'bllHa nspaeorxa. Ilon nnouranxara rpa6, odopuea. OT nJIOllH. CKeJIer na asspaCTeH HH.ll.HBH.ll.. 0pHeHTaUHSI 11-3 C rnana na H3TOK. Ha KocTHTe na psuere no enna OpoH30Ba rpasna, OKOJIO xepena CT'bKJIeHH M'bHHCTa, lIaCTH OT ooeua H <pparMeHTHpaHa <pHoYJIa (oop. 4 H 10).

r p 0 0 9. 3ana3eHa ceaepnara nOJIOBHHa.

IO>KHaTa paapyureua OT npoxapaaas rrsr. Fpoo OT nJIOllH. Ilorpenenae xpea H3rapSIHe. I1HBeHTap: JIaMnHlIKa, <pparMeHTH or rupaeaue, nanasxa H aM<PaPOBH.ll.Ha CTOMHa (oop. 7).

r p 00 10. Ha .ll.'bJIo. 0,30 M CKeJIeT na

nere, paspymea.

r p 00 II. Ha .ll.'bJIo. 0,90 M rpori-sua, nOKpHT C nJIOllH. CKeJIeT na B'b3paCTeH HH.ll.HBH.ll.. OpHeHTaUHSI IOI1-C3 C raaaa na C3. B nacuna K'bCOBe OT naanxxa, r-spneuue, CTOMHa, nannua, paoorena aa puxa.

r p 0 0 12. 3ana3eHH caao lIaCTH OT xaMeHHHSI noSIC. Ilorpeoeanero paspyureao npH npoxapaaae na n'bTSI.

r p 0 0 13. Ha .ll.'bJIo. 0,30 M nOJIyH3rHHJIH OCTaHKH OT .ll.eTCKH CKeJIeT.

r p 0 0 14. Ha .ll.'bJIo. 0,90 M rpoo, H3-

.ll.'bJIOaH B 3.ll.paBHSI repea, Ha nOB'bpXHOCTTa nJIOllH (oep, 11). CKeJIer aa B'b3paCTeH HH.ll.HBH,l{. 0pHeHTaUHH C-IO C rnaaa na cesep.

r poolS. I'poo, H3.ll.'bJIOaH B repena.

• Ilorpeoenae aa B'b3paCTeH HH,l{HBU,l{. OpHeHrauns C-IO C rnasa na cesep, CHJIHO narpomean K'bCOBe OT KepaMH'IHH csaose.

r p 0 0 16. Ha nOB'bpXHOCTTa naosa, Ha ,l{'bJJo. 0,35 M rpoo, H3,l{'bJIOaH B repena U nOKpUT C nJJOllH. CKeJJer'bT, npananaescaiu na ,l{eTe, oe U3rHHJJ.

r p 0 0 17. Ha ,l{'bJJo. 0,90 M rp06 OT nJJOlIU. CKeJIeT na B'b3paCTeH HH,l{UBH,l{. 0pHeHTaUHSI C-IO C rJJaBa Ha ceBep.

r po 0 18. B cpenara na KaMeHHHSI nOHC ,l{Be nJJOllH, a na ,l{'bJJo. 0,90 M rpoti OT nJIO'lH B'bB <PaPMa na Tpaneu (oep. 12). CKeJJeT na B'b3paCTeH HH,l{HBH,l{. P'bUeTe ycnopenao na THJJOTO. 0pHeHTaUHH U3TOK-3ana,l{ C raaea na sanan.

r p 00 19. Ha ,l{'bJJo. 0,80 M rpori, H3-

,l{'bJJOaH B repena, nOKpHT C nJJO'lH. CKeJJeT'bT CUJJHO H3rHUJJ. Opnearauna 11-3 C raasa na aanaa,

r p 00 20. Ha ,l{'bJJo. 0,70 M rpoe OT nJJOlIU. CKeJJeT aa B'b3paCTeH HH,l{HBU,l{, CUJJHO caasxaa. 0pHeHTauHSI 11-3 C raasa na sanaa.

r p 0 0 21. Ha .ll.'bJJo. 0,60 M rpof OT OJJOlIH. CKeJJeT aa MJIa.ll. UH,l{HBH,l{. KocTHTe narpoiuena H OTlIaCTH H3rHHJJU. OpueHTaUHH CI1- 103 C raasa aa ioroaanan. Han CKeJJeTa <pparMeRTH OT C'b,l{, pa60TeH na psxa.

r p 00 22. Ha ,l{'bJIo. 0,70 M rp06-HMa, nOKpHT C nJJOllH. CKeJJeT'bT CHJJHO H3fHHJI.

42

0pJIeHTaUHSI IOI1-C3 C r.naaa na ceseposarraa.

r p 0 0 23. Ha ,l{'bJIo. 0,80 M rpoo, U3- .ll.'bJIOaH B repena, nOKpHT"-t nJIOllH. CKeJJeT na B'b3paCTeH HH.ll.HBH,l{. 0pHeHTaUHH 1011- C3 C r JIaBa . na cesepoaanan.s.

r p 00 24. Ha .ll.'bJI6. 0,70 M rpoo-aua, nOKpHT C nae nJIOllH. CKeJIeT ua B'b3paCTeH HH,l{UBH.ll.. 0pHeHTaUHSI 11-3 C r.taaa na 3anan. no rvresena na JJeBUSI xpax - JIaMnH'IKa (oop.8), a B.ll.SICHO - B'brJJeHH.

r p 0 6 25. Ha .ll.'bJIo. 0,40 M CKeJIeT aa ,l{eTe, nOCTaBeH B'bpXy n.nosa H nOKpHT C nO,l{OOHa nnosa. OpHeHTaUHSI CI1-103 C rvrasa aa cenepoaarox. CKeJIeT'bT CMa38R.

r p 00 26. H8 .ll.'bJIo. 0,80 M rpoo, H3,l{'bJIoaR B repeaa H nOKpHT C nJIOllH. CKeJJeT aa MJIa,l{ HH,l{HBH.ll.. KOCTHTe CHJIHO nospenesa . 0pHeHTaUHSI 11-3 C rJI8Ba na sanan.

r p 0 6 27. 3aCT'bneH OT rpoo 24. Ha ,l{'bJIo. 0,35 M rpoo-aua, nOKpHT C nJJOllH. CKeJIeT na B'b3paCTeH HH.ll.HBH.ll., CHJIHO paspyurea. OpueHTauuSI 11-3 C rnaaa na sanan.

r p 00 28. MapKupaH OT KaMeHeH none, HO noa Hero He ce OTKpU exener. B'b3MO>KHO e KOCTUTe na ca H3fHHJIU.

r p 0 6 29. Ha ,l{'bJJ6. 0,40 M rp06-S1Ma, noxpnr C nJJOllH. Ilorpeoeaae aa nere. CKeJJeT'bT CUJIHO nospenen. OpueHTauHSI 103- CI1 C raasa na ceseponsrox.

r p 0 6 30. 3ana,l{HaTa My '1aCT paspyureaa OT H3Kon. Ha ,l{'bJJo. 0,35 M rp06 OT nJJOllu. CKeJJer na ,l{eTe, CUJJHO paspymea. 0pHeHTaUHSI CI1-103 C rnaaa aa iorosanan. no KOCTHTe aa xpaxara K'bClIera >KeJJH3Ha pyna. B nacana <pparMeHTu OT KepaMU'IHU csnoee.

r p 06 31. Ha ,l{'bJJ6. 0,30 M rp06 OT nJJOlIH. CKeJJeT na nere. OpueHTaUHSI 11-3 C r.naaa na aanan, K'bc'Iera OT >KeJJSI3Ha pyaa,

r p 0 0 32. B nacana aa MOfUJJaTa, noKPHT C nJIO'lu. CKeJJeT aa nere. 4epen'bT CUJJHO CMa'lKaH, OCTaHaJJUTe KOCTU noxypaspyureaa. OpHeHTauHSI 11-3 C raasa na aanan. no nepena K'bC'IeTa OT >KeJJSl3Ha pyna H B'brJJeHsera.

r p 0 0 33. B aacnrra aa MOrHJJSTa, noKpUT C nJJO'lu. CKeJJeT na nere, Psuere nOCTaBeHUHa f'bp.llHTe. Opnearauas 11-3 C raaea na sanan. no sepena K'bC'IeTa OT >KeJJH3Ha pyna.

r p 06 34. Ilcrpeeeanero paspymeao npa nanpasa na nsxon. 3ana3eH uepensr, KOHTO e 6uJJ H3B1>H nsxona, rpo6'bT B nacana aa MOrUJJaTa.CKeJleT aa B'b3paCTeH UH,l{HBHA. OpueHTaUHSI 11_;.....3 c rvrasa aa aanan.

r p 0 6 35. B aacnnaaa MotUJIa1's. rpo6 OT nJIOIJH. CKeJIeT naxere, ClIJIHO nospenea. 0pHeHTaUHH 11-3 C rnaaa na aanan,

r p 0 6 36. B nacana aa MOfHJIa1'a. I'poti OT nJIO'lH. CKeJIeT na B'b3paCTeH HH,l{HBH,l{. Psuere ycnopenao aa THJIOTO. 0pHeHTaUHSI 11-3 C rvrasa aa sanan.

1 B pa3KOnKHTe B3eXa YlJaCTHe HBaH BanKaHCK", KaTH BaCHJleBa H KHjJHJIKa HBaHOBa 01' OKP'h}l{HHH HCTOpHlJeCKH MY3en B rp. KbPJl}l{aJlH. l.u. A II a Jl }I{ OB. Pa3KonKH na rpaxo-puuCKH MOrHJIeH HeKpOnOJI npa MepH'IJlepH. - HAH, 1965, XXVIII, c.102, 06p.244' H c. 114, N~ 6; , X p. B Y IO K JI H e B. HOBH rp06HH HaXO)~KH OT

Crapa 3aropa H OKOJIHOCTTa. - Apxeonora s 1962, 4, c. 2.

3 C T. C T a H '( e B, 11. 4 a H rOB a Ii

X p. Fl e r K 0 B. HeKpOIIOJI'hT B MeCrHOCna "KanJIbKa" IIpH nJIeBeH. _ Apxeoaoras, 1.961, I, c. 37, 06p. 31-5 Ii 06p. 51'

'" J. Per I z wei g. Lamps of the roman period. The athenien agora. vol. VIII, 1965, p. 99, 323.

6 R. Del b rue C k. Spiitantike kaiserportriits. Berlinand.Ll.eipztg, 1955, p. 167, TaL 68.

• U B. .u p e M C II 3 0 B a - H e JI 1J Ii HOB a.

CUB01JepHa xepaxaxa OT pHMCKaTa BHJIa Kpan ceno MaJlapa, lllYMeHCKH oxp sr. - ApXeOJIOrHH, 1971, 2, c. 37, 06p. 4,.

7 P. Il o n 0 B. MaTepUaJIU OT paaxonxa re

npea 1934-1935 r. - C6. MaJlapa, 1936, II, c.35, o6p. 47.

8 r. .u. B e JI 0 B, C. <1>. C T P e }I{ Ii JI e U-

K H H Ii A. n. SI K 06 C 0 H. KBapTaJI VIII (pa3- xonxn 1941, 1944--1948 r.). - MHA, 35, c.189, 06p. 38 JI.

• n. reT 0 B. TpaKo,puMCKH MOrHJIHH norpe6eHHlI 01' KU3aHJlbWKo. - ApXeOJlOrHH 1961, I, c.37, 06p.4.

10.u. A JI a Jl }I{ 0 B. Ilar, eM.; U B. .u p e uC H 3 0 B a ·'H e.JI I( Ii HOB a. TpaKHfIcKH MOrliJIeH HeKpOIIOJI . (I I -II I B.) KpafI C. Baurerpan, K'hpl(}I{a· JlHnCKIi oxp sr. - Apxeonorn s, 1980, I, c.22 II CJI., 06p. 3 Ii 4; 'l: T. C T a H lJ e B, 11. 4 a H rOB a H X p. Fl e r K 0 II. UHT. C'h1J., c. 36, 06p.4.

11 U B. .u p e M C II 3 0 B a . H e JI 1J Ii II 0 B a.

IJ,liT. C'b1(., c. 18 Ii CJI.

12 IJ, B. .u'p e M C H gOB a - He JI '( Ii II 0 B a

H H B. B a JI K a II C K Ii . .uBe TpaKo-pHMcKH MOrHJII{ KpaH c. Ocrpuua, KbPA}I{aJIHHCKIi OKP'bf. - MTIK, 1971, 3, 12-14.

13 r. To H '( e B a. PHMCKH HeKpOnOJIH 01' TOJI· 6YXHIICKOH Bapaeacso, - ApXeOJIOrHH, 1966, 4, c. 56, 57.

l' Jl, reT 0 B. TIorpe6aJIIIH 06HlJali Ii rp06HIi CbOp'b}l{eHliH y rpaxn re npea paxcxa ra enoxa (1- IV B1- ApXeOJIOrHH, 1970, I, 1-11.

1 B. .u HMO B a. AHTH1JeH HeKpOnOJI IIpH

C. neHlJHHOBO, PyceHCKO. - I1HMP, II, 1966, c. 9, 11-27; r. K y 3 M a HOB. K'hCII03HTHlJeH HeKpOnOJl B CaH)(aHCKIl. - Apxeoaorn s, 1978, I, c. 13, 06p. 2.

18.rI. r e rOB. UH'L Cb1J., c.6.

17 V. N a j den 0 va. Une necropole thrace de I'epoque romaine dans les Rodophes .. _ Thracia, I, 1972, p. 145.

18 TI. .u ere B. Pa3KolIKH na MOrHJIeH ae-

KpOnOJI IIpH c. 4epII03e~(. _ rnHM, VI, 1971, c. 53.

18 E. M a HOB a Ii A. A H Jl pee B. Mo·

rHJIHO IIOrpe6eHHe CbC 3JIareH HaKHT 01' K'bp)(}I{a' JIH. - MTIK, 1967, I, 15-17.

Necropole de la Basse antiqute pres de la ville de Kardzal!

C. 0 rem s i z 0 v a- N e lei nova

(R e sum e)

Lors de 1 'excavation d'un tel tumulaire dans les confins occidentaux du quartier Viselcanl I'auteur decourve soudain une necropole. Elle s'etend audessous de la peripherie sud de la col line et au sud d'elle. 36 tombeaux ont ete excaves. Leurs ernplacements sont traces avec des pierres, rangees en cercles ou en ellipses de dimensions diHerentes. Audessus d'elles, II. une profondeur de 0,30 II. 0,90 rn, se trouvent les tornbeaux qui sont de trois varletes: edifies de dalles de. tous les cotes; IImitespar des deux c6tes courts et des tombeaux-fosses excavees dans Ie terrian ferme. Les enterrements sont accomplis par inhumation II. I'exceptlon seulement d'un tombeau. lis appartiennent it des enfants, II. des personnes [eunes et agees. L'inventaire Iuneraire se compose d'objets personnels (colliers de perles en verre, de 3 bracelets en bronze, de fragments de Iibules et d'une boucle d'oreilles) et d'olfrandes (deux lampes entieres et partie d'une troisierne lampe et cerami que rnenagere fragmentaire). Un interet particul ier presente 1 'une des larnpes

avec Ie buste de Fausta qui a des analogies dans un exemplaire de I'agora d'Athenes et dans trois de l'Afrique du Nord, dates dans la periode Ive_ ve s. II Iaut mentionner egalement une monnaie d'or de Zenon (479-491), trouvee dans Ie remblai , En liaison avec Ie rite, iI est a relever les partlcularites sui vautes: la plate-forme au-dessus du tombeau 8 et les dalles au milieu des ceintures en pierre qui servaient pour la mise de nourriture et de boisson, Ie manque d'inventaire Iunerelre dans la major ite des tombeaux ce qui peut etre di\ a la christi anisation de Ia population; la mise de morceaux de minerai de fer dans les tom beaux d'enfants et l a presence de petits charbons,

Sur la base des instruments Iunerelres, I'orientation des morts et les dons sepulcraux it est evident que la necropole a existe dans la perlode de la premiere moitie du Ive s. jusqu'lI. la fin du ve s. El!e a continue a etre utitisee egalement apres que Ia colline a ete entassee, ainsi que I'indiquent les 6 tom beaux decouverts dans son rernblai.

43

E.nHHHCTHI.JeCKO MOHeTHO CbKpOBHme

OT HHKOnO.nHC AJJ, HecTYM (lOCH 829)

·KAMEH D:I1MI1TPOB

Ilpes 1931 r. B OKOJIHOCTHTe na aHTHtIHHH HHKOnOJIHC a,n: HecT}'M, Hespoxoncxo (paHOHa na ,n:HellIHHH I'oue ,UeJItIeB), e 6HJIO OTKpHTO MOHeTHO C'bKpOBHme (IGCH 829)1. Cnopen C'b06meHHeTo aa H. MYllIMOB TO e csnsp)KaJIO 32 rerpaapaxua na ArHHa, 9 rerpa,n:paxMH H 7 ,n:paxMH aa AJIeKcaH,n:'bp BeJIHKH. ,UaHHH aa no-aararsumara C'b,n:6aJIHnCBaT. B conpxara ua HAM - COqlHH, non HHB. N2 LXXXV-1931 r. e sanncano MOHeTHo C'bKpOBHme ,jOT HeBpOKOnCKO", C'bCTOHIUO ce OT 32 rerpanpaxxa na ATHHa H 16 MOHeTH na Anexcanm.p BeJIHKH: 11 rerpanpaxva H 5 ,n:paxMH2. BPOHT H npHHa,n:JIe)KHOCTTa na MOHeTHTe, ,n:aHHHTe sa MeCTOHaMHpaHeTO H ,n:araTa na OTKpHBaHeTO He OCTaBHT C'bMHeHHe, tIe ce xacae sa naxonxara OT C'b06meHHeTO aa

H. MYllIMOB - IGCH 829.

C'bKpOBHmeTo ce C'bCTOH OT ztae OCHOBHH rpynn MOHeTH, KOHTO CJIe,n:Ba na O'b,n:aT KOMeHTHpaHH nOOT,n:eJIHO.

MOflemume na AmUHa (I 1-32),

(06p. 1, 2).

OCHOBeH KpHTepHH sa onpenexaae )laTHpOBKaTa Ha paHHOeJIHHHCTHtIHHTe Terpa,n:paxMH na ATHHa ca CTHJ10BHTe <pa3H B pa3BHTHeTo na opnaaear B'bpXY llIJ1eMa na 60rHHHTa, H300pa3eHa na JIHueBaTa HM crpana". TOBa onpenenaae oriaue e TB'bMe rpy,n:Ho nopann He6pe)KHOCTTa npa OTCHtIaHeTO na MOHerHTe:

KaKTO JIHtIH ,n:06pe H OT npHJIO)KeHHTe HJ1IOcrpauna, secro tIaCTOT r.naaara na ArHHa 3aenuo C opaauenra OCTaBa H3B'bH H,n:POTO. IleTTe OCHOBHH BapHaHTa Ha CTHJIa pi HMaT MHoro pa3HoBH,n:HOCTH, KOHTO HeBHHarH MOrar HCHO ,lta ce pasrpaaanar-. yi306pa)KeHHHTa B'bpXY HHKOH OT eK3eMnJ1HpHTe ca H3TpHTH 3Ha1JHTeJ1HO B pe3YJ1TaT na yuacrne B UHpKyJIaUHHTa. Tpy,ltHOCTHTe npa TOtIHOTO KJIaCH<pHUHpaHe na r03H BH,n: MOHeTH M02Ke 6H Hall,n:06pe npOJ1HtIaBaT OT <paKTa,tIe )1(. JIbo Pnnep OTHaCH ,n:Be cpaBHHTeJIHO aoope aanaaena rerpanpaxaa C HCHO JIHtIalUH oc06eHOCTH H3 opaaxeara OT csxponatuero IGCH 433 HaH- 06IUO K'bM CTHJ1a pi II-III-IV, 6e3 ,n:a ce anraxcapa C TOtIHOTO HM onpe,n:eJ1HHer..)I(. BHHrea nOCOtIBa 333 r. np. H. e. KaTO terminus ante quem aa pi I-II, n030B3BaHKH ce na MOHeTOCetIeHeTO sa carpanare Ma3aKec (333 r. np. H. e.) H Caoaxec (333-331 r. np. H. e.), KOHTO HMHTHpaT pi I-II H MO)Ke 6H HatIaJ10TO na pi I1l6. CnOMeHaToTo C'bKpOsaute I GCH 433 OCBeH naere MOHeTH na ATHHa c'b,lt'bp)Ka H 10 rerpanpaxxa na <I>HJ1Hn I I,

44

OTCe1JeHH B Ilena: 1 B 348/7-342/1 r. np. H. e., 6e3 MapKa aa aTeJIHeTO; 8 B 342/1-337/6 r., C'bC CHMBOJ1H "M'bJIHHH-N", KaTO ,ltBa eK3eMIIJ1Hpa npOH3J1H3aT OT enaa H C'bIUa ,n:BollKa. MOHeTHH nexara: 1 B 336/5-329/8 r. np. H. e., C'bC CHMBOJI "KaHTapoc"7. Ilpencraseua ca nse nOCJIe,ltOBaTeJIHH eMHCHH (c H3KJ1lOtIeHHe ua HaH-paHHHH. eK3eMnJIHp) C'bC CHMBOJ1H "M'bJIHHH-N" H "KaHTapoc", a MOHeTHTe ca 6e3 CJIe,n:H OT yxacrne B UHpKyJ1aUHSlTa. Te3H oc06eHOCTH npennoaar-ar yxpaaaae aa aaxonxara He no-xscno OT OK. 335-330 r. np. H. e. OTTYK HalJaJIOTO na CTHJIa pi III-IV, KaKTO ca onpenenena npH6J1H3HTeJIHO nnere rerpa,n:paXMH na ATHHa OT )1(. JIbO Panep, CJIe,lJ.Ba na ce nOCTaBH nenocpencrseno CJ1e,n: pi I I, orne OK. 333-330 r. np. H. e.

C'bKpOBHmeTo I GCH 134 csm.psca MOHeTH na ATHHa OT CTHJ1 pi I-V. B Hero He e npenCTaBeH CTHJI'bT "quadridigitee". Ilopann TOBa .n.aTaTa Ha YKpHBaHe Ha Ta3H HaXO,AKa npe.n.CTaBJISIBa terminus ante quem aa pi V H terminus post quem sa CTHJ1a "quadridigitee". IGCH 134 aano e no-pauao OT IGCH 829, T'bH 15aTO .B nOCJ1e.n.HOTO HMa H MOHeTH B CTHJI .. quadrldigitee". BHHreH ornaca YKpHBaHeTo aa IGCH 134 OK. 295 r. np. H. e. nopana CJIe.n.HHTe c'b06pa)KeHHSI:

a) B C'bKpOBHmeTo HMa 3JIaTeH crarep B CTHJI pi V. T€3H penxa aTHHcKH MOHeTH ce CB'bp3BaT C nHCMeHHTe CBe,n:eHHSI OT 297/6 r., C'b06maBamH aa cexeae xa 3J1aTHH crarepa OT aTHHCKHH THpaH JIaxepec.BHHreH 0651CHSIaa nOHBaTa aa resa eMHCHH C H Y)K.n.HTe aa HaeMHHUHTe na JIaxapec, HO e TB'bp.n.e npenna3JIHB no OTHOllIeHHe na a6COJIIOTHaTa HM XPOH0J10rHSI: "ces emissions doivent s'etendre au moins sur la periode 301-294, si eIles n'ont pas commence plus tot. .. "s

6) )1(. BHHreH YCT8HOBHBaH3BecTHo npexscaane Me)K,lty .CTHJI pi V H "quadridigitee". Cnopen Hero T03H <paKT naxapa 06HCHeHHe B npeaseuaneroaa ATHHa OT ,UeMeTpHll IlOJIHOpKeT B 294 r. IIp. H. e., KaTO Ta3H nara e terminus ante quem aa pi V H H306IUO sa CTHJ1 pi". TYK otiaue' TpH6Ba zta ce npHnoMHHT H Han'bJ1HO J10rHlJHHTe pa3C'b)K.n.eHHSI na E. T. HlOeJ1, tIe ,UeMeTpHll IloJIHopKeT He e CeK'bJ1 c06CTBeHH MOHerH B ATHHa npOCTO 3amOTO e MOr'bJI ,n:a H3nOJI3YBa nOIlYJIHpHHTe H cnr-ypaa aTHHCKH "KyKyMHBKH". OCBeH TOaa TOll enaa J1H e npexparun aBTOHOMHOTO MOHeTOCetIeHe na ATHHa, T'bll KaTO nenpexscHaTO e "KOKeTHpaJI" C rpana-".

B) Cnopen BHHreH Hall-BepOHTHO YKpHBaHeTO na C'bKpOBHmeTO IGCH 134 e npHtIHHeHO

3

1

4

7

8

9 .

• 06p. li-IB Terpanpaxua na ArHHa or csxpoaamero OT HHKOnOJIHC a.L\ HeCTpYM (KaT. N2 1-18)

10

12

Fig. 11-18 Tetradrachmes dAthenes du tresor de Nicepolis ad Nestum (N2 du cat. 1-/8)

45

19

46

23

24

25

27

29

30

2

3S

• 06p. 219-32 Tempaopaxuu na AmUNa; 33-36 Tempaopaxxu c munoeeme ,W Asexcauirs» Be/lUKU, aCUltKU om cespoouuiemo am Huxonosuc ad Hecnuju (kam, N2 19-36). Fig. 21n-32 Tetradrachmes d'Atheties; 33-36. Tetradrachmes avec les types d'Alexandre le Grand, toutes du tresor de N icopolis ad Nestum (N2 du cat. 37-48)

3

OT necanra na ,UeMeTpHH ITOJlHOpKeT B AnIKa, KOHTO 3aBbpWHJI C npeasevanero na Arnna H H3rOHBaHeTO na J1axapec B Ha'IaJlOTO na 294 r. np. H. e.n

KaKTo ce BH)K.l.I.a, ztarnpanero ua IGCH 134 B 295 r. np. H. e. ce oaaapa na naa apr yxeara OT pa3BHTHeTO aa MOHeTOCetIeHeTO B ATHHa, caMH no ce6e CH ca HeCHrypHH, H na enuo HCTOpHtIeCKO caeneuae, Ilpeaa na ce pasr nenar

44

45

46

47

48 .

• 06p. 3Si-t8 Cpetrs p uu ;11 onemu c munoee H AJleKcaJiihp Be.WKU om csspoeuuiemo om Husononu ao Hecmusi (Kam. N2 37-48), Fig. 337-tS' Mon naies d'argent avec les types d'Alexandre le Grand du tresor de Nicopolis ad Nestumi N2 du cat. 37-48): a) Tempaiipoxsia c munoee «a Asencauirsp Besusii om Tapcoc, OK. 298-295 c. np. H. e. 5) teiradraclune avec les ly pes d' A lexandre le Grand de Torsos, aux environs de 298-295 avo n. ere

H npyrnre Bb3MO)KHOCTH aa HCTOpHtIeCKa HHrepnpo-auua na IGCH 134, Tp5I6Ba .l.I.a ce aHaJlH3Hpa ouie e.l.l.HH H3BOP na HYMH3111aTHtIHa HHcpopMaUH5I aa narara na YKpHBaHeTO My - .l.I.aHHHTe OT nerre MOHeTH C HMeHaTa na <PHJlHn II, AJleKCaH.l.I.bp BeJlHKH H <PHJlHn I II OT HerOBH5I CbCTaB. ETo T5IXHaTa xapaxrepuCTHKa (MOHeTHTe ca npencraseun B nocnenoBaTeJlHOCT cnopen Ta3H na )1(. 5HHreH)12:

47

1. Crarep C nxrero H rnnonere H3

AJleKC3H,Il,bP BeJIHKH, ,Il,3THp3H 0'1' 5HHreH B 323~311 I'. f1030B3BaHKI1 ce na O. 3epBoc, asropr.r Or6eJIH3B3, lJe MOHeT3ra e orcesena C e,Il,HH 11 CbW. JIHueB nenar C npyr crarep, ornacsnu ce, ]%M eMHCHHre na f1rOJleMei:f I xaro carp art H3 Eruner. B T3KbB CJIY'IaH CT3TepbT or IGCH 134 me ce narupa HaHKbCHO ,Il,0 318/316 r. np. H. c.1S

2. Crarep C EMeTO na <PHJIHrr III ApH,Il,eH CbC CHMBOJIH: B no.nero BJIHBO II H rr'IeJI3. 5 111·1 r-en ,Il,arHpa lVIOHeT3T3B 323~316 r. rrp. H. e. Cnopezi rrOCJIe,Il,HHTe H3CJIe,Il,B3HH5I na M. Tcanci.n crarept.r e OrCe'IeH B Capnn B 320/319 r.14

3. Crarep C HMeTO 11 runosere H3

AJIeKC3H,Il,bP Beanxn, B .nOJIeTO BJI51BO 06p. 7g BbB seneu, B,Il,51CHO MI. 5HHreH ro OTH3C51 KbM B3BHJIOH, 316~310 r. ,U3rHpoBKar3 e YTO'IHeHa B 316/314 r.15

4. Crarep C HMeTO H rnnosere H3 <PHJIIHI III 11 CHMBOJI "TPHHO)KHHK". f1030BaB3HKI1 ce H3 Jlbo PI1,Il,ep, DHHreH ro OTH3C5I KbM M3rHe- 311H, OK. 310 r. B ,Il,eHcrBHreJIHOCT crarept.r e OrCe'IeH B KOJIO<jJOH He I10-KbCHO or 320 r. rrp. H. e.16

5. Terpanp axaa C HMeTO H runonere ua AJIeKC31-I,Il,bP BeJIHKH, B no.nero BJI5IBO lvIbJIHH51. 5HHreH 51 OTI-I3C51 K'bM M31{e,Il,oHH5I, 6e3 ,Il,3 rrOCO'IH ,Il,3THPOBK3. I-1306p3)KeHHeTO H3 3eBC BbPXY 1vI0Herara (oor-sr e npencrasen C napaJIeJIHO pa3nQJIO)KeHI1 xpaxa) nOK33B3, 'Ie 1'51 He Mo)Ke ,Il,3 6b,Il,e no-xt.caa 0'1' 318/316 r. rrp. H. e.

HaH-KbCH3T3 OT Te3H 1\1OHeTH (N2 3) CO'IB rO,Il,HH3Ta 316/314 KaTO terminus post quem aa YKpI1B3HeTO na IGCH 134. MOHeTHre aa ATI1Ha CbC CBOl1re ocooenocra xap3KTepH3Hpar CbKpoBHw.eTO xaro npO,Il,YKT OT ,Il,eHHOCTTa na BoeHH03,Il,MHHI1Crp3THBHH51 anap ar, a He H3 rbprOBCK3 ,Il,eHHOCT17. JIHI1caT3 H3 MO-

HeTH H3 ,UeMeTp 11 11 f10JIHOpKer18 nOKa3B3, 'Ie <jJoplvll1paHerO H3 csxpoanuiero e CraHaJIO I1pe3 nepnon OT speae, xoraro ATHKa He e 6HJI3 no,Il, KOHTpOJIa H3 r03H BJIa,Il,eTeJI. OCBeH B 301~295 r. 06JI3CTTa e 6HJIa H3BbH KOI-ITpOJIa aa ,UeMeTpl1H H ,Il,0 307 r. np. H. e. Ilpes cr.tuara rO,Il,HH3 ,UelvierpHH "ocB060)K,Il,3Ba" ATUna OT KaC3H,Il,bp, a B 306 U 304 r. BO,Il,H KaMnaHHI1 cpemy r03H BJIa,Il,eTeJI I1MeHHO B ArHKa19. CbBceM JIOrH'IHO e ,Il,a ce nonycne, 'Ie 110 apeae na oKyn3UH5IT3 na Arana Kacanzrsp 6H MOrbJI ,Il,3 H3flOJI3YBa 33 CBOHre <jJHHaHCOBH HY)K,Il,H 60raToro H asropureruo MeCTHO MOHeTOCe'IeHe, K31{TO Hl-OeJI npennonara 33 ,UetvlerpHJ1, oiue nosene, 'Ie c06crBeHO MOHerocexeae na KaC3H,Il,bp (OT AJIeKC3H,Il,pOB THI1) B ATI1H3 He e YCT3HOBeHO. OCBeH TOBa e,Il,I1H OT H3H-KbCHI1Te ,,'IYJ:I{,Il,H" CTaTepH B HaXO,Il,KaTa ce CBbp3B3 C MOHeTOCe'IeHeTO aa f1TOJleMeH I, Cbl-03HHK na K3CaH,Il,bp20; eMHCHl1re C TI1ITOBeTe H3 AJIeKC3H,Il,bP BeJII1KH, Ce'IeHI1 B Er nner, ca Cp3BHHTeJIHO M3JI06pOHHH B 6aJIKaHCKl1Te CbKPOBI1W.a H THXHOTO I1PHCbCTBHe B resu Cb-

48

1

4

2

• 06p. 41-2 Il ocmusinu mempaopaxsiu ua qJllIlun II am CbICp0I3U1U,~11l0 am Eseiunuua, Fig. 41-2 Tetradrachmes pas/frames de Philippe J/ du iresor d' Elesnica

1

5

• 06p. 51-3 Il o im f suu: itpu xuu. na AAeICcat-t.(hp BeAUlW am CbICpUI3:11u,emo air! Lia.uisi . Fig. 51-~ Drachmes posihumes d'Alexandre le Grand du tresor de Caiim

KpOBHW.a H3H-Bep05lrHO e CBbP33HO C nOJIHTI1- IleCKl1re KOHraKTH Me)K,Il,Y eJIHHHCrH'IeCKHre BJI3,Il,eTeJIH. HaH-rrOCJIe ,Il,a 06bpHeM BI-IHMaHl1e na crarepa OT KOJIO<jJOH, Ce'IeH ,Il,0 OK. 320 r. np. H. e. 3a Hero Buarea Or6eJIH3Ba, 'Ie e li3KJII-O'II1TeJIHO noope aarraseu. 511 JIH MOrbJI ,Il,3 6b,Il,e YKPHT 25 rO,Il,I1HH CJIe,Il, ,Il,3TaTa na OTCHlJaHerO, T. e. OK. 295 1'., KaKTO npenno.nara 5l1HreH aa UHJIOrO ct.xpoaauie? TOBa e MaJIKO BepOHTHO. Tesn apr yxrearu HaCO'IB3T YKpHB3HeTO H3 IGCH 134 KbM enI-Ia M3JIKO no-panna nara, Bep05lTHO KbM 307 I'. np. H. e. E,Il,Ho npyro CbKpOBHIll,e, CbCTaBeHO or 3THI-ICKli Cpe6bPI-IH MOHeTH 0'1' MaJIbK HOMHH3,'l, HaI10,Il,06HB3Ill,li no CTHJI Te3H or IGCH 134, e narupano Me)K,Il,Y 3r5~295 r. I1p. H. e.21 T33H ,Il,aTHpOBKa 33CHJIBa necurypHOCTTa na ce n030BaBaMe H na 295 I'. KaTO nara na YKpHBaHe na I GCH 134, H I-Ia 294 I'. KaTO xpaiina ,Il,ara aa CTliJIa pi. BCI1'IKO TOBa H3JIara enna 110-rOJIHM3 npe,Il,l1a3JIHBOCT 110 OTHOllleHHe 36coJII-OTHara ,Il,aTHpOBKa aa CTHJIOBe pi IIl~IV~V H "quadridigiiee". f10-

I

4

5

2

3

7

JI!

JJ

• 06p. 61-6 MOHozpaAw 67>PXY uonemu c munoee na Asetccanirsp Be.WKU U <PU/lUn 11. Fig. 61-6 Monogrammes sur des monnaies avec les types d'Alexandre le Grand e t de Philippe II

• 06p. 77-12 MOHozpaAtU 67>PXY .IIOHemu c munooe na Asescanirsp Be/lUKU U <Pu.wn II. Fig. 77-12 Monogrammes sur des monnaies avec les types d'Alexandre te Grand et de Philippe II

HaCTOHIUeM aa THX 6H Mor JIa na ce npaeve enna no-06IUa )l.aTHpOBKa B nepnona OK. 333 - HaqaJIOTO aa III B. np. H. e.

nbpBOHaqaJIHOTO snevar.neane OT aTHHCKHTe rerpanpaxxn B IGCH 829 e, se re ca lJ,HpKyJIHpaJIH )l.OCTa HHTeH3HBHO. TOBa sneqaTJIeHHe 06aqe B 3HaqHTeJIHa CTeneH e nJIo)l. OT H3nOJI3YBaHeTO na H3xa6eHH MOHeTHH nexarn, xapaxrepno sa MOHeTOCeqeHeTO na ATHHa npes T03H nepHO,ll,22. Bee nax HHKOH OT MOHeTHTe nOKa3BaT CJIe,ll,H OT lJ,HpKYJIalJ,HH. nosesero eK3eMnJIHpH HMaT rer JIa B paMKHTe na HOpMaJIHOTO aa aTHqeCKH rerpanpaxxn TerJIO (16-17 r). PH3KO ce OTJIHqaBaT KaT. I lO,22 H 26. TexHHTe HeeCTeCTBeHO HHCKH 'rer JIa nOKa3BaT OIUe Be,ll,Hb)l{ He6pe)KHOCTTa aa paHHOeJIHHHCTHqeCKOTO aTHHCKO MOHeTOCeqeHe. 0pHeHTalJ,HHTa aa nOCOKaTa aa 06paTHHTe nexaru cnpaxo JIHlJ,eBHTe e ~. Ilpa 4 eK3eMnJIHpa TH e ;/ , a npn 1 - ;"

Monemume c munoeeme na AJleKCaHcl'op BeJlUKU (I 33-48), (06p. 2, 3).

B pauxure na Ta3H rpyna IUe 6b,ll,aT KOMeHTHpaHH caxo OHe3H eK3eMnJIHpYl, qHeTO H)l.eHTHqlHlJ,HpaHe, OTHaCHHe KbM onpeneneuo aTeJIHe H )l.aTHpaHe He MoraT ,ll,a ce H3qepnHT caxro C nOCOqBaHe na napanenn B HYMH3MaTHqHaTa .mrreparypa.

- I 36 cnana KbM CepHH XIX na Capnu, KOHTO M. TOMncbH, saenno CbC cepnn XVIXVIII H XX nampa oomo Me)K,ll,y 310 H 302 r. np. H. e.23 Enaa JIH o6aqe BCHqKHTe neT cepHH 6Hxa MOrJIH ,ll,a ca CeqeHH e,ll,HoBpeMeHHO npes lJ,eJIHH nepuon 310-302 r. CepHH XVI-XVIII ca caspsaau C 06IUH JIHlJ,eBH nexaru KaKTO noneaory CH, raxa H C no-panaara cepus XV. Ilopann TOBa re 6Hxa Mor JIH na ce nOCTaBHT B nb psara nOJIOBIlHa na nepuona, T. e. OK. 310-305 r. Bropara nOJIOBHHa - 305-302 r., eCTeCTBeHO IUe ocrase sa cepun XIX-XX, KOHTO HHMaT ne-

7 ApXeOJIOflHI, I, 1988

6

qaTHH Bpb3KH C npenaunnrre TpH cepnn. TYK ,ll,06pe npHJI5Ira 6JIH30CTTa na CepH5I X X CbC CepH5I XXI, CeqeHa OK. 300 r. OT JIH3HMax, K05lTO 6JlH30CT M. TOMncbH BH)K,ll,a B 3aMeCTBaHeTO na ,ll,OnbJIHIlTeJIHH5I CHMBOJI C BTOpH MOHorpaM, 06HKHoBeHo B Kpbr4e24.

- I 37 HOCH cavo MOHorpaM (o6p. 64) H H5IMa T04HH napanenn B HYMH3MaTH4HaTa .mrreparypa. TH ce cm.paaa C nse eMHCHH C THnOBeTe na Anexcaansp BeJIHKH OT TapCOC:

a) CbC CepH5I III (323-319 r.) nopann 6JIH3KH5I CTHJI aa JIHlJ,eBHTe neuaru H 06IU MOHorpaM (o6p. 64), KoiiTo 06a4e npn cepH5I III e B KOM6HHalJ,H5I C ztp yrn CHMBOJIH25•

6) C ezma eMHCH5I rerpanpaxun, cexean OT neMeTpHH nOJIHOpKeT B 298-295 r., nopann TOBa, se na JIHlJ,eBHTe nexaru sa Ta3H eMHCH5I H aa I 37 ca H3rrbJIHeHH B MHoro 6JIH3bK CTHJI26. EH Mor JIO naxce na Ce ,ll,OnycHe, 4e re ca zteno aa e,ll,HH H CbIU rpaasop (06p. 37a).

CbllJ,eBpeMeHHo HHKOH MOHeTH OT eMHCHH a HMaT MOHarpaM (06p. 65), KOHTO npencraanaaa pa3HOBH,ll,HOCT na MOHorpaM (o6p. 66) OT eMHCH5I 6.

04eBH,ll,HO e, 4e I 37 e OTCe4eH B aTeJIHeTO na Tapcoc. Bt.npexa o6IUH5I MOHorpaM MOHeTaTa ce OTJIH4aBa OT eMHCH5I a H CJIe)l.Ba ,ll,a ce ,ll,aTHpa rrO-KbCHO OT He51 nOpa,ll,H TOBa, qe 3eBc e H306pa3eH C xpscrocana xpaxa. no T03H 6eJIer I 37 e CXO)l.eH C eMHCH5I 6, K05lTO OT CBOH CTpaHa e )l.aTHpaHa cpaBHHTeJIHO CHrypao B 298-295 r. A6cOJIIOTHO CbIUHHT MOnorpav (o6p. 66) e rpaaapan BbPXY MOHeTH na neMeTpHH nOJIHOpKeT C HerOBH c06CTBeHH THnoBe27. Taxa HaH-Bep05lTHaTa )l.aTHpOBKa aa 137 e OK. 298 r., TbH KaTO aa pa3JIHKa OT 4eCTO cpemauiare Ce H 6e3 CbMHeHHe HHTeH3HBHO Ce4eHH npencraanrenn aa eMHCH5I 628, I 37 e e)l.HHCTBeH H3BeCTeH aacera eK3eMrrJIHp C MOHorpaM (06p. 64) npu rr03llUHH aa 3eBc C xp scrocann xpaxa. rOJI5IMaTa CTHJIOBa 6JIH- 30CT (e,ll,HH H csm rpaasopr) CbIUO e CHrypHO YKa3aHlle H 3a XpOHOJIOrH4eCKa 6JIH30CT HJIH e,ll,HoBpeMeHHO ceseae ua eMHCHH 6 H I 37.

npHJIHKaTa B CTHJ1a H enuaxanre MOHOrpaMH, OT e,ll,Ha cTpaHa, a, OT ,ll,pyra, 6JIH30 20-rO)l.HllIHaTa pa3JIHKa B ,ll,aTHpOBKHTe na eMHCHll a II 6 saenno C I 37 e H3KJII04HTeJIHO HHTepeCHo 51BJIeHHe. OqeBH,ll,HO aopu GJIe)l. )l.bJIrOTO npexscnane ,ll,eHHOCTTa na aTeJIHeTO B Tapcoc (319-298 r.) rpaasopcxara llIKOJIa TaM He e 3ary6HJIa TBop4eCKH5I en nouepx. HsrrOJ13YBaHeTO na c'snnrre MOHorpaMH ornpenn 20 rO,ll,HHH H CJIe,ll, 298 r. enaa JIH ce )].bJI)I{H Ha TOBa, 4e aTeJIHeTO e 6HJIO PbKOBo)].eHO OT CbllJ,H5I MarHCTpaT. HaH-Bep05lTHO nsara MOHorpaMa ca OTJIH4HTeJIHH 3HalJ,H Ha ,ll,Be pa3- JI1l4HH 0<pHlJ,HHll na aTeJIHeTO. TaKHBa o<pHlJ,llHll ca paarpanaxeaa npn cepns I (333- 327 r. rrp. H. e.)29.

I 38 cnopen KOHTpOJIHHTe CH 3HalJ,1l ce OTHaC5I HJIH KbM Kapne npn AHTHroH I (312- 302 r. np. H. e.)30, HJIli KbM "Heonpe)].eJIeHa H3-

J2

49

rosaa MOHeTapHHua", OK. 310 r. np. H. e.3l Moaerara 06alle ce OT JIHlIaBa OT nOCOlleHHTe napaJIeJIH no He06HlIaHHHH· CTHJI aa rJIaBaT8 aa Xepaxsa, a C'bIIlO H no H3B'bHpe'!{Ho HHCKOTO CH TerJIO. (15, 54 r). B'b3MO)KHO e TH .l(a npe,!{CTaBJIHBa HMHTaUHH aa nOCOlJeHHTe napanena.

I 39 no crana aa JIHUeBOTO H306pa)KeHHe e 'CXO,!{Ha C 'enaa rerpanpaxaa, ceseaas THP B 319-318 r.32, KoeTO onpenens HeHHaTa xpoHOJIOrHH H npasanaeacaocr.

I 40 npencraansaa BapHaHT aa eMHCHHTe or BaBHJIOH, ceuena napaaeaao H OT HMeTO aa AJIeKCaH.!{'bp BeJIHKH, H OT HMeTO na <I>HJIHn III C KOHTPOJIHH 3HaUH M B nOJIeTO .BJIHBO H AY non rpoaa. Te ce narnpar B 323-32033 HJIH B 321-319 r.34 I 40 HMa oaaaseaae caxo A y311 H no CTHJI e Han'bJIHO CXo,!{eH C nOCOlJeHIiTe napaaena. TOBa He e e,!{HHCTBeH npauep npa Te3H .eMHCHH, B KOHTO e H3nYCHaT e,!{HHHHT OT KOHTpOJIHHTe 3HaUH: ,!{pyr BapHaHT, ,!{aTHpan B:320-319 r., e osnasea caxo C M B noaero BJIHB086 • .lI.aTHpoBKaTa aa T03H BToPH BapHaRT nasa OCHOBaHHe I 40)la ce ornece K'bM 321-319 r. np..«. e.

I 43 He HOCH HHKaK'bB OTJIHlIHTeJIeH 3HaK HJIH MOHorpaM, no KOHTO ,!{a ce H,!{eHTH<pHUMpa MOHeTHOTO aTeJIHe. Ilopana paauepure H cneUH<pU1JHHH CTHJIHa JIHUeBOTO H306pa)KeHHe MOHeTaTa HaH-BepoSiTHo e npe'!{CTaBHTeJI aa rrspaare aBToHoMHH rpancxa MOHeTOCelleHHSI OT AJIeKcaH'!{pOB THn. Taxa TSI 6H MOrJIa ,!{a ce aarapa HaH-paHo OK. 300 r. np. H. e., KOraro e .ycraaoseao Ha1JaJIOTO aa Te3H MOHerocelleHHSl87•

HaA-K'bcHo ,!{aTHpaHaTa MOHeTa OT

IGCH 829 e I 37 (Tapcoc, OK. 298 r. np, H. e.). C'bCTOSlHHeTO aa Ta3H MOHeTa npeanonara, QeU3BeCTHO B peMeTSI e YlJaCTBYBaJIa B UHPKYJI8.UHSlTa. Taxa HYMH3MaTHlJHHSI terminus post quem 33 YKpHBaHeTO aa C'bKpOBHlIleTO ceosepraaa OK. 295-290 r. Ilpa TOBa nOJIO)KeHHe, CueJI H3S1CHSIBaHe aerosara cneua-. <pHKaCe aanara )la aanpasaa xpat-sx nperaen HaCpOO'bpHHTe MOHeTHH C'bKpOBHlIla BIOrosananaa TPaKHSI H MaKe)lOHHSI, YKPHTH· B nepaoza aa nOCJIe,!{HaTa lIeTB'bpT na IVrrspaara lJeTB'bPT na III B. np. H. e.38

E,!{Ha lJaCT OT Te3H C'bKpOBHlIla e C'bCTaBeH8H3USlJIO OT re-rpanpaxaa C THnOBeTe aa <lJHJIHnIL TOBa ca : IGCH 819 (c. I'ocnonaaUH),. IGCH g20 (c. PH6HOBO), IGCH 821 (c.PaHHHUH), IGCH 822 {nacapeJI). BCHIIKH Te ca aarapaaa "B K'bCHHSI 4BeK np. H. e.". Or TSIX Haii-Ba)KHH aa Hac ca IGCH 819 H 820, ThH KaTO CeJIaTa I'ocnonaaua H PH6HOBO OT(:TOSIT C'bOTBeTHO HalO H 20 KM ceeep=-ceBep'oH3TOK OT HHKOnOJIHC a.ll HecTYM. Jlpyro noaooao C'bKpOBHlIle npOH3JIH3a OT c. EJIewHHua(Ha OK. 35KM ceaepno OT HHKOnOJIHC). .lI.se rerpaapaxxa OT Hero ce na3S1T" B OHM - B.7Ia roesrpan, Te ienanar K'bM rpyna IV na AM<pHnOJIHC, ceseaa B 315-2~8 r. 39 MSiCTOTO,

KoeTO Te3HBapHaHTH aaexar B OTHOCHTeJIHOTO nozpeaoiaae aa )1\. JIbO Panep, n03BOJISIBa re ,!{a 6'b,!{aT ,!{aTHpaHH OK. 30&-300 r. np. H.· e. .lI.BaTa eK3eMnJISIpa ca C'bBCeM HOBH, 6e3 cne,!{H OT Y1JaCTHe B UHpKYJIaUHSlTa\.C'bKpOBHlueTO no BCSlKa BepoSiTHoCT e 6HJIO YKpltTO CKOPO CJIe'!{ narara na OTCH1JaHeTO HM, T. e. OK. 300-295 r. np. H. e. (c BCHIIKH ,pe3epBH, npoH3TliQalll,H OT.HeH3BeCTHOCTTa na USI.7I"OCTHHSI C'bCTaB). K'bM Ta3H rpyna C'bKpOBHlIla cnanar H IGCH410 (Cxonnes) H I GCH 411 (Pe)KaHuH), B KOHTO aapen C'bC cpeospaare MOHeTH aa neOHCKHH BJIa,!{eTeJI Ilarpaa ce cpemar H 3Ha1JHTeJIeH 6poH rerpanpaxxa na <I>HJIHn I I. T:HXHOTO YKpHBaHe ce nOCTaBSI MaJIKO CJIe,!{ 316/5 r. np. H. e.40

BCHIIKH rerpanpaxxa aa <I>HJIHn I I B H3- opoemrre C'bKpOBHIua npOH3JIH3aT OT xaxe,!{OHCKHTe aTeJIHeTa ne.7I8 H AM<pHnOJIHC.

.lI.PyrHTe MOHeTHH C'bKpOBHlIla C'b'!{'bp)KaT rerpanpaxxa H ,!{paXMH C THnOBeTe aa AJIeKcaH,!{'bp BeJlI{KH. TOBa ca: IGCH 414 (YKPHTO OK. 310-305 r.), IGCH 431 H 432 ("K'bCHHH 4 BeK"), IGCH 443(290-280 r.), IGCH 444, 448 H 450 (OK. 280 r.), lOCH 445 H 455 (OK. 270 r.)41. BCHlIKH re npOH3JIH3aT OT pa3JIHlIHH paaoaa na MaKe.llOflHSI. E,nHO nonooao C'bKPOBHm.e - I GCH 860 - npoH3JIH3a OT c. f'bp6HHO, KIOCTeHAHJICKH OKp'brt2 (OK. 290-260 r.).

K'bM re3H C'bKpOBHIlJ,a CJI.e,nBa ,!{a ce nooaBH H TOBa OT C. UaJI~M, aa OK. 35 KM38- n8,!{HO OT HHKOnQJIHc.·· TpH. ,!{P8XMH at AJIeKcaanpos THn ce naasrr B OHM ,-"" Baaroesrpan. OT THX HaH-roJtSlMHHtepec npezcraBJIHBa KaT. III 1, xoarocnopen KOHTPOJIHHH 3HaK C'bOTBeTcTBYBa aa exacaara "JleMaHxyP 1563".- AM<pHnOJIHC, 320/19 r: CsuteapeaeuHO 06alle MOHeTaTa e orceseaa c JIHueBH'SI nelIaT, ynorpeoea sa xoaera or eMHCIHJ,. KOSlTa OTC'bCTBYBa B C'bKpOBHlUeTO' OT .lI.eMaHxyP H HBHO ce narapa OKOJIO HJIH CJIe,!{ YKpHBaHeTo na TOBa C'bKpOBHlIle B 318 f.43 TOBa n03BOJIHsa .lla ce YTOIIHH H narupoaxara aa ".lI.eMaHxyP 1563" B 319/8 r. np. H. e.

TpHTe MOHerH OT csxposamero OT c. U8JIHM ca orcelleHH B nepHo,!{a322-318 r. Te ca C'bBCeM 3aIia3eHH H HBRO ca YKPHTH CKOPO C.7Ie,!{ narara sa OTCHQaHeTO CH. Bsnpex« HeH3BeCTHOCTTaHa USlJIOCTHHH cscran aa vcs-:

KpOBHlUeTO, HerOBOTO YKpHBaHe 6H MOrJIO na ce ornece K'bM 315r. np. H. e.

Cpea rerpaapaxsrare OT AJIeKCaH.llpOB

THn B H30poeHHTe C"bKPOBHlUa" QYBCTI3IJTeJI86 npeonnanaaar eMHCHHTe aa AM<pHnOJIHC (caMo B IGCH 455 ~ Te3M H8 neJJ:8). I'GCH 448, 445 H 455 BKJIIOIIB8T H TeTpa.npaxMH na ATHHa'. B rrspsare zse C'bKpOBHIUa TexliHSlT' 6poH e MaJI'hK B cpaaneane C rosa H.a MOHeTHTe OT A.7IeKcaH'!{poB THn. B IGCH 455 06aQe 6POSlTH8 aTHHCKHTe rerpanpaxxa npe'!{C1'aS.7IHBa 6JIH- 30 1/3 OT UeJIHH C'bCTaB . .lI.paxMHTeB'bB BCUIIKHC'bKPOBHlUa npOH3JIH3aT npenaxao OT MaJIOa3HAcKHTe arenaera, HO TOBa e C'bOCeM ecTeCTBeHO, npensaa npotpanapauero na Te3H

aTeJIHeTa na CeKaT H3KJIIOtIHTeJIHO eMHCHH OT ,npaXMH44. He3aBHcHMo OT TOBa B C'bKpOBHm;eTO OT U.aJIHM npHC'bCTBYBa H e,nHH npenCTaBHTeJI OT TB'bp,ne OCK'b.n.HaTa npoAYKIlHSI npaxxa aa AMqmnOJIHc. Taxa xapaxrepncraxara na C'bKpOBHm;aTa OT IOr03ana,nHa TpaKHSI H ~aKe,noHHSI, YKPHTH B nepHo,na Ha nOCJIe,naara tIeTB'bpT aa IV - rrspaara tIeTB'bpT aa IlLB._Up_.H. e.~_ HM..! CJI~AH_I1_T,~ OOm;H ocooe:

HOCTH:

a) npe60JIa.n.aBaT TeTpa,npaXMH C THnOBeTe lfa-<lJ IiJ1 Ii if -1 r-H AJ1eKcaH)J.'bp BeJIlIKH,c_:etJeHH B MaKe,nOHCKHTe aTeJIlfeTapeJIaH AMqlHnonac....

6) TeTpa,npaxMHTe C THnOBeTe aa AJIeKCaH.ll'bP BeJIlIKH OT Ilenoneaec H A3HSI H rerpanpaxMHTe na ATHHa (c H3KJIIOtIeHHe aa nOCJIe,nHHTe B ICCH455) HMaT aropocreneano 3HatIeHHe.

ioca 829 rerpaapaxnare aa ATHHa npenCTaBJISIBaT 2/3 OT C'bCTaBa na csxpoaamero. Cpea TeTpa4paxMHTe OT Anexcannpoa THn npeOOJIa)J.aila~ eMHCHHTe OT A3HSI (7 OpOSI). CaMO ~Bii'~'ek3eMnJISIpa npOH3JIH3aT OT MOHerapnnuara rua AM<pHnOJIHC, H TO CetIeHH no 316 r. -=--~,2Q rozann npena naa-paaaara B'b3- M01KHa.ztaT~! aa YKpHBaHe. C'bCTaB'bT ua lOCH 829 e OJIH3'bK B HSIKOH OTHOlIIeHHSI caxo ,nO,(>t03H aa lOCH 455 (OT paaona na Cepec),nopa,nH 3HatIHTeJIHHSI 6pOM MOHeTH aa ATHHa. M01Ke na ce norrycae, xe H B nsere csxpoaama e HaMepHJI OTpa1KeHHe e,nHH H csm <paKTop~ npHtIHHHJI MaCOBO HaXJIYBaHe aa aTHlICKH rerpanpaxxa B paaona aa Cepec=Huxouohac an HecTYM. T'bM KaTO lOCH 829HMa terminus post quem aa yKpasane OK. 295-290 r. np. H. e. - npHOJIH- 3HTeJIHO 20 ro,nHHH npena YKpHBaHeTo aa lOCH 455, OtIeBH,nHO e, tIe T03H <PaKTOp ,e ,neMcTBYBa,ILom;e B KpaSI na IV - HatIaJIOTO na II I tk np. H. e. Karo USIJIO C'bCTaB'bT aa lOCH 629 "He e THnHtIeH sa paHHOeJIHHHCTHtIeCKHT~J::'bKpoBHm;a OT MaKe,nOHHSI H IOr03a· nanaa _ Tp,aKHSI. KaKBH <paKTOPH MoraT na ce BH.ll~T38JJ., HerOBOTO aarpynaane?

Terpaapaxxnre OT AJIeKcaH,npOB THn B lOCH 829_ ce paanpenenar B TpH XPOHOJIOrHtIeCKH, rOpynH: ,no 316 r. (4 eK3eMnJISIpa), 315-300",(A exsexnnapa), CJIe,n 300 r. (3 ex- 3eMnJISIpa), ,_ TaoJI. 1. nOBetIeTOOT rerpanpaxMHTe OTnOCJIe,nHHTe nse rpyna ce CB'bp3BaT C MOHe,l'OCetIeHHSI, KOHTO ca nOJI3YBaJIH .[{eMeTpHi\TIOJIHOpKeT: I 35 (KopHHT), 136- Capna, 1-37 (Tapcoc), I 38 (Kapae, (?) cetIeHa npH A~THroH I), 141-42 (BaBHJIOH, cexeHH aenocpencraeao rrpenn AHTHroH I ,na aanYCHe rpaaa B 312 r. np. H. e.)4&. Tsspne nOKa3aTeJIHO e H HeOOHtIaMHOTO OTC'bCTBHe aa H306HJIHHTe eMHCHH aa Kacaansp H CHHOBeTe MY, CetIeHH B AM<pHnoJIHc B 316- 294 r. np. H. e. Te3H nse ocoeenocra rOBOpSIT, tIe lOCH 829 e aarpynano B paMOH, KOHTpOJIHpaH OT apascneriea na Kacaam.p BJIa,neTeJI - HMeHHO .[{eMeTpHM nOJIHOpKeT. Ilpeotinanaaamare rerpanpaxxa na ATHHa Ha-

Ta6nHua 1

Tempaiipaxuu c munoeeme ita AAeKcaHiJ"p Benuxu om C""poBuw,emo om HUKonOAuc ao Hecmvu-samesuema UXPOHO.llOZU'I.e&.1lu nepuoiJu

.110 316,1315-'"300 I cnen 300 1 06mo

AMljJHnOnHC ({OpHHT-- - Cap.l1H Tapcoc Kapae (?) fHP BaBHJlOH

- Heonpeheseaa

2

2 ____ .l_

1

1

I __

I

3

_l_ I 1

-3 H-

06wo

4

COtIBaT OT CBOSI crpaua HaTpynBaHeTO HMeHHO K'bM T03H rpan HJIH aerosare OKOJIHOCTH. IiYMij3l\iaTHtIHHSIT terminus post quem aa aarpynaanero - OK. 295-290 r., csanana TOtIHO C npHC'bCTBHeTo H8 n~MerpHM IlozraopKeTB ATHHa CJIe,n 294r. cnope,n noCOtIe):IHTe BetIe pa3C'b>K,neHHSI na E. I1roeJI no BpeM:e na TOBa npHC'bCTBHe .[{eMtTpHH aepoarao ce B'b3nOJI3YBaJI OT MeCTHOTO MOHeTOCeqeHe H OT naxepeaare B rpa,na-l1upHtIHH pecypca. Ilo T03H HaqHH TpH aprYMeHTa - zrarara na HaM-K'bCHHTe eK3eMnJISIp,lI, TlI110JIOrHSITa H npaH8)l.lte1KHOCTTa aa TeTpa,npaXMHTe or AJIeKcaanpoa THn H npeOOJIa,naB8HeTO na ,aTmtcKH rerpanpaxua, CB'bp3BaT HaTPYfI!3aHeTO H8: - C'bKpOBHm;eTo C npHC'bCTSHeTo aa neMeTpHM 110- JIHOpKeT B ATHHa.

KaK ooaqe lOCH 829'ce ei\030SaJIO OT paMOHa aa aarpynsaaero apaaorra na yxpnsaHeTO CH, T. e. B rpaHHtIHHTe OOJIaCTH Me>K,ny TpaKJlSi .' H MaKe,noHHSI?

CJIe,n npeB3eMaHeTo Ha ATHHa B HatIaJIOTO na 294 r., .[{eMeTpHM, oe3 na orip suta ocorieao SHHMaHHe aa ueynaxare B MaJIa A3HSI,' 'aaCOtI'Ba YCHJIHSITa CH K'bM MaKe,noHHSI H B KP~Maa .. CMeTKa ycnasa na ysypnapa uapcsns npeCTOJI, B 293 r. TOM npoaescaa soenna xaanaHHSI'B BeOTHSI, rJIaBHO cpemy THBa. B H(l'qaJIOTo: aa 292 r . .[{eMeTpHM HaXJIYBa B Tpaxaa, B'bqpOJI3YBaMKH ce OT nJIeHHHtIeCTBOT() -ua JIH3HMax npn rernre. BeCTTa sa HOBO B'bc'faHHe na THBa npHHY1K,naBa .[{eMeTpHM ,na U30- CTaBH HatIHHaHHeTO CH H na ce aspae O'bP30 B . BeoTHSl46. lOCH 829 BepoSITHo e pe3y.nfaT OT KOHTaKTH Ha MeCTHOTO HaCeJIeHHe C BpeHHOG,lIY1Kalll.H OT apMHSITa aa .[{eMeTpHM, npeOHB,aBaJIH H3BeCTHO npexe B ATHHa H yqaCTBYBaJIH B TpaKHMCKaTa KaMnaHHSI OT 292 r.

PaHOH'bT aa .[{OJIHa MecTa e OHJI CB'bp3aH ouie B xpas aa VI B. np. H. e. C .n.OJIHHaTa aa p. MapHua. Ilpes pHMCKaTa enoxa e OHJI asrpanen penosea rrsr HHKonOJIHC an HeCTYM-<I>HJIHnOnoJI47• YKpHBaHeTo aa lOCH 829 B OKOJIHOCTHTe aa O'b,nelll.HSI HHKonoJIHc nOKa3Ba, se e,nHH OT xopnycare na .[{eMeTpHM, npoHHKBaHKH B TpaKHSI OT iorosanan, ce e HaCOtIHJI K'bM <l>HJIHnOnOJI.

5T,

Ka r a n o r

J. Haxononac AJl. Hecryx, 1931 (lOCH 829)

. AmuHa48

Tun: "ATHHa/KYKYMHBKa". AE>E TeTpallpaxMu

JIHue OnaKO Terao (r)
CTHJI "point-tragus" 6poA Ha pelloBeTe
(C'bC UJIH 6e3) OT TOqKU
I II III IV llO 333 r. np. H. e.?
1 pi II? oe3 ? 3-4 17,04-
333 - HaqaJIO III B. np. H. e.
2 pi III-IV C'bC I 1 17,02-
3 pi III-IV C'bC 1 16,88-
4 pi III-IV C'bC 1 16,81/
5 pi III-IV C'bC 1 16,92+-
6 pi III-IV C'bC 1 16,94-
7 pi III-IV C'bC 1 16,85-
8 pi Ill-IV 6e3 1 16,83-
9 pi III-IV C'bC 2? 16,85+-
10 pi III-IV 6es 2 14,83,
11 pi V? ? 2 16,98-
12 pi III-V? C'bC 1 16,56+-
13 pi III-V? C'bC 1 16,88-
14 "quadri." ? 6eg 2 16,08-
15 "quadri." ? C'bC 3 16,93-
16 "quadri." ? C'bC ? 16,84-
Heonpeaeaea CTun u aara
17 C'bC 1 16,18/
18 C'bC 1 16,92+-
19 C'bC . 1 16,73-
20 C'bC 1 16,62-
21 C'bC 1 17,00-
22 C'bC 1 14,81-
23 6ea 1 16,97-
24 6ea 1 16,97-
25 (Sea 1 16,81/
26 6ea 1 15,10+-
27 6ea 1 16,98+-
28 ? 1 17,04/
29 C'bC 2 17,01-
30 C'bC 2 16,88-
31 6ea 2? 16,78-
32 6ea 3 16,17+- 52

A.lteKCaH01Jp Be.ltUKU, (/>u.ltun III U nOCmYMHU THn: "XepaK'bJl/3eBc-opnoliocen"

Hannaca: AAEgANAPQY . (:--AA)_

AAE.5ANAPOY BAl:IAEQl: (=AA.BA)

<f)IAIITOY (=<f)IA) .

KOHTponHH 3Hau.H: B noaero BnHBO (= an.) B noaero B.II.HCHO (= SA.) non rpona (=,lI,.)

~~ 36--40 H 43 KOMeHTHpaHH B TeKCT8

I II -: 110 III
-
Hannac KOHTponHH 3Hau.H Terao (r) TeTpa,lJ,pa~MH
AM4tHnonHc
331 r.
33 AA Bn: TpH3noeu. Harope 16,78,
(Demanhur 327)
318-316 r.
34 AA BJJ: ,lI,enctmH nanony 16,94/
.11.: (I)
(Ehrhardt 15)49
KOPWHT
OK. 300-290
35 AA BJJ: HHKe npasa H8,l1,. 16,73 r
,lI,: (2)
(Noe 22.7 -- C'bID.HH anuea nesar)
CapJI.H
OK. 305-302
36 AA S1l: (3) Ha,ll, 3Be3,l1,a 16,26/
(S. M. 382d)
Tapcoc
OK. 298
37 ? ,lI,: (4) 16,85 t
Kapne ?
312-302?
38 AA.BA Bn: (7) 15,54 T
,lI,: (8)
(WSM p. 40 ~~ 7 HnH HMHTaUUH)
THp
319-318
39 AA He nHlIaT 16,48",
(S. A. p. 46 ~!! 29)
BaBHJlOH
321-319
40 AA.BA ,lI,: AY 16,90 t
315--312
41-2 AA.BA an : MI 16,92",
.11.: (9) B'bS seaeu 16,87-
(Cavalla 14)51
Heonpe,ll,eneHH
cne,ll, 300 (aBToHoMHH)
43 AA 15,67 t
53 npO.ll:'bJI>KeHHe

46

47

48

1

2

AA

)1paXMH:

. - JlaMncaK

.11:0324

BJI: (10), .

rs. Nt p. 82 NoS)-

KOJI04>OH ;,320,

BJI: >KHTHO s'bjuio XOpHSOHT. B.II:: spux 'Ha . KoIfHe' -Her ope (T. B. p, 35N!!a2a)

3?2

1,:;:.,

<PIA

BJI: TPHHO>KHHK

.11:: 8-JI'b'lHa SBeS.II:a (T. B. p. 3$ M 33)

AA

,~~o

BJI: 8-JI'bqHa.sB~.II:a

B.II:: BP'bX, ua KOIlHe uarope (T.B.p.35 ~!!34a)

. .'" <',

313

AA

BJI: noayaeceu ;~a,JI •

.11:: r .-

(T. B. p, 36 N!!, 39d)

II. EJIeIIIHHl~a 1981

(/JUJlun /I - nocmy unu

THn: .. 3eBc/KoHHHK C KJIOHKa".<l>INrroy KOHTPOJIHH SHaUH: non xopeua aa KOHSI (= .11:.)

non npenaare xpaxa aa KODSI (=.11:. 8)1;.)

KOHTPOJIHH 3HaUK

Terao (r)

T erpaapaxxa:

AM4>HII()JIHC OK, 3OS":_,300

':JlL A Ha.ll 4>aKJIa

.11:. B.II:: (11) . "

(Le Rider p. 125, pl, 47-20)

,J(: 'A Ha.ll: 4>aKJIa

s. B.II:: xaarapoc .: -.

(Le Rider p. 125, pl. 47 -~1)

14,25'\,.

14,27--+

1

I

III

4,01 t

-4;(t4~- .. , -.-

r r

4,11,\

-.I '

4,Of) t

3,62,\

I1HB. Nil

" 10013.--- ;,.

III. UaJlHM 1976

AJteTCCllHO'bP Besusu - nocmy JeHll

THn "XepaK"bnj3eac-opnOHOCeu". AAESANAPOY KOHTponHK SHanH: aH~ sa lOCH 829

N!! 1 KOMeHTHpaH a TeKCTa

I KOHTponHH SHanK

II Terno (r)

III· .

I1H's.N!!

Ilpaxaa :

AMIPHnOnHC 319-318

1

an: naBpoBa KnOHKa seprax. (Demanhur 1563)

2

Bn: nseaa HaJJ;.

BA: Bp"bX ua KonHe Harope (T. B. p. 37 N!! 50)

31

I

8J1: IPaKna A: (12)

(S. M. 350a - C"bIlJ,HH JlHneD nesar)

1 H. My ill MOB. KOJIeK1HBHH HaXO)lKH HII

MOHeTH. - HBAH, 7, 1932-1933, c. 423; M. Tho mp s o n, O. Morkholm, C. M. Kraay. An Inventory; of Greek Coin Hoards. New York, 1973, No 829.

s 113Ka3BaM CHOllTa npH3HaTeJIHOCT aa C. .llHMH·TpoBa ~ AHM, 0 4HHtO <l>OH.lI ce csxpaaaaa Cbapoaatnero.vaa Jl106e3HO'IO if paspeureaae 1I.a ro npoyua H . ny6JIHKysaM.

8 J. Bin gen. Le tresor monetaire Thorikos 1969. - B: Thorikos VI 1969. Bruxelles, 1973, 11-18.

s Ibidem, 15.16.

4 G. L e. Rid e r. Le rnonnayage d.argent et d'or de Philfppe II. Paris, 1977, 294-295 (u xa-

ranora-e Le Rider). .

• J. Bin gen. Op. ci t., 'p. 18.

7 G. Leg i de r. Op. cit., 24, 31-47. 8 J. Bin gen. Op. cit., p. 1.8.

I Ibidem.

10 E. T. Newel L The Coinages of Demetrius Pol iorcetes. Chicago, 19782t, 133-134.

. 11 J. Bin Ii e n.Op.cit., 20-21. 12 Ibidem, 23.24.

13 O. K. J en kin s. An Early Ptolemaic Hoard from Phacous, - ANS MN 9, 1960; p. 24; O. Z e r v 0 s. The Early Tetradrachms of ptolemy I. - ANS MN 13, 1966, p. 2.

14 M. Tho m p son. Alexander Drachm Mints I. Sar des and Miletus. New York, 1983, p. 24, No 225 d, p. 42 (u xaraaorae- S. M.).

1& H. P f e i 1 e r. Ein Fund von Tetradrachmen vom Alexandertyp aus Lykaonien. - Schw, Miinzbl. 21, 1971, p.6, No 21 sqq, p. 12.

18 G. L e Rid er. Op. clt., p.280, No 26;

M. Tho m p son. Posthumous Philip II Staters of Asia Minor. - Essays "P, Naster", Louvainela Neuve, 1982, p.58, No 12, p.60, note 8.

17 CPB J. Bin g e II. Op. ci t., p. 10, b), c), d) 18 Ibidem, f).

19 E. T. Newell. Op. ci t., 8-9. 20 Ibidem.

4,10,/

433

MarHeSHH 322

4,08 t

435

CapAH 319-318

4,14 t

434

21 J. Bin gen. Op. cit., p. II. note 2. 22 Ibidem, p. 16.

23 M. Tho m p son. Sar des and Miletus, p."35, No 382d, p. 42.

M Ibidem, 39.40.

lib E. T. Newell. Tarsos under Alexander. ___

AJN 52, 1918,p. 38, No 53-59. ' ..

26 SNG Macedonia II, Copenhagen, 1943, No 782;

E. T. Newell. Demetrius, p.48, No 32. 21 Ibidem,48 sqq.

28 Ibidem, p.57.

29 Idem, Tarsos, , pl. II I.

30 Idem. The Coinage of the western Seleucld Mints. New York, ,19772, p. 40, No 7. (s ~81aJIOra=WS1\i). , . . .; . 31 SNG Macedonia II, Copenhagen 1943, No 852.

32 SNG V, Macedonia III. Ashmolean Museum.

London, 197'6, No 2954·2957; E. T. Newell. The:

Dated Alexander Coinage of. Sidon and Ake. N~~ Hayen, 1916 (Yale Oriental Series I1),p. 46, No. 29 (a KaTaJIOra=S: A.); A. L em ai reo Le monnaya.g~ de Tyr et celui di] d'Akko,etc.- RN 1976,II;sqq;

33 E. T. NewelL Alexander Hoards II. Demanhur 1905. New York, 1923 (NNM 19), No 4419,

4526 (0 TeKCTa H xaraaoea.e-Demanhur). .

3. H. Pf e i I e r. Op. cit., p.6, No 14-15.

36 Crarep C'bC C1>~aTa MapKHposKa. HO, C HMeTO ua <l>HJlHIIIII B)K Y L. Mull er. Numisrnatique d'Alexandre Le Grand. Copenhague, 1855, No 96. 36 H. P f e i 1 e r. Op. cit., p.6, No 16.

37 M. Tho m p son. The Arrnenak Hoard (IGCH 1423). - ANS MN, 31, 1986, p. 94 (E<l>ec).

38 H.a.eRTa aa npernea aa Te3H C'bKpOBHlIla II.'bJI)Ka aa CT. H. C. AJI . .llIlMHTposa·MHJI'IeSa, aa KOllTO 6JIa· ronap a naA·C'bpJle4Ho.

39 G. L e Rid e r. Op. cit., p. 125. 40 Ibidem, p. 304, 310.

41 3a 1I.aTaTa aa IGCH 445 H 455: R. Mat h lsen. Antigonus Gonatas and the Silver Coinages of Macedonia circa 280-270 B, C, - ANS MN, 26, 1981, p. 121.

42 K. ,LI, H M H T P 0 B. ,LI,se C'bKpOSHlIla C MH·

HHCTHqeCKH MOHeTH OT MY3eH B HPB (non nesar), .Ne 16 OT IGCH 860 e orcenea B KOJICXPOH, OK. 318 r. TIp. H. e., nil: KaTO nOCOqeHH II OT Hero CmJIOB napaJIl'JI SNG M.acedonia III. Copenhagen 1943,.Ng 1089 C'hOTBeTCTBYBa aa M. Tho m p son, A. Bel I i 11- g e r. A Hoard of Alexander Drachrns, - YCS XIV, 1955, p. 36, No 36 (B xa ranorare T. B.).

43 M. Tho m p son. Sardes and Miletus. p,

87, No 3.

U Ibidem, p. I.

46 E. T. Newell. Demetrius, p.8. 46 Ibidem, p. II.

47 B. I' e p 0 B. Ilpoysnaaa 51 B'bP xy sananacrpaKHil:cKHTe 3eMH npes P"MCKO spexe. - fCY <1>11<1>, LIV, 1959/60, c. 216.

48 Ocoeeaocrare na MOHeTHTe na ATlIHa, orpa- 3eHlI B KaTaJIOra, ca nOCO'IeHH OT J. Bin gen. Op. cit., 11-12. TOBa ca:

_ CTHJI na opaaueura B'hPXy urnexa aa ATHHa - HaJIH'IHe HJIlI 01'C'bCTBHe na "point-tragus" B YXOTO na ATHHa

._ opoil: na peaosere OT TO'lKlI B,!(IICHO OT KJlIOHa

Ha KYKYMRBKara. ,

49 C h r. E h r h a r d t. A Catalogue of Issues of Tetradrachms from Amphlpol is. 318·294 B. C. - JNFA, vol , 4, No 4, 1976.

&0 S. P. No e, E. T. Newell. The Alexander.

Coinage of Slcyon. New York, 1950 (NS 6); H. A. T r 0 x e I I. The Peloponesian Alexanders. - ANS MN 17, 1971, 42-51.

61 M. Tho rnp SOli. The Caval la Hoard (IGCH

450). - ANS MN 26, 1981.

113Ka3BaM CBoRTa npH3HaTeJIHOCT aa M. AH,l.Ionoaa - OI1M Bnaroeerpaa, KOSITO MH npe).IOCraBH nerre MOHerH 01' Eneuraaua H lI,aJIlIM aa npoyuaaae.

Tresor monetaire hellenistique de Nicopolis ad Nestum (lOCH 829) K.. Dimitrov

(R. e s u III e)

Dans l e present article lauteur etudie l e tresor monetaire ICCH 829 de Nicopolis ad Nestum, decouvert au cours de 1931 et depose dans Ie fonds de l'Institut et Musee archeologique - Sofia. II comprend des tetradrachmes d' Athenes I per iode (32 pieces) et des monnaies d 'argent avec l es types d'Alexandre Ie Grand (11 tetr adrachrnes et 5 drachmes). En rapport avec Ies tetradrachmes d'Athenes, I 'auteur xommente I 'opinion de G. Bingen au sujet de leur datation dapres l e style de I'ornement du casque d'Athene (styles pi I-Vet "quadfi.digitee"), ainsi que les tresors ICCH 433 et 134, qui conti ennent des monnaies semblables. Au sujet de ce derni er I'auteur erne! I'opinion qu'il aurai t pu stre cache aux environs de 307 avo n. ere a l'epoque du passage d' Athenes de Cassaudros aux mains de Demetr ios Pol iorcete. La raison pour une tel le datation est donnee par la date Ull peu plus ancienne des cinq monnaies rnacedoniennes de la composition du tresor (jusqu'a 316-314). Sur la base de ce fait I'auteur admet que les tetradrachmes atheniennes dans Ie style pi III·IV et "quadridigitee" peuvent etre datees Ie plus generalement dans la per iode aux environs de ·333 --·Ie debut du II Ie S. avo n. ere.

Les rnonnaies avec I e 110m et les types d' Alexandre Ie Grand de ICCH 829 contiennent certains exemplaires lnteressants. 137 du cat., sans paralleles exacts dans les catalogues numismati ques est atr ibue a Tarsus sous Demetr ios Poliorcete, aux environs de 298 avo n. ere. I 38 du cat. est vraisemblablernent une imitation d'emlssion. Irappee par Antigonos Iera Carne, tan dis que I 40 est une variante d 'une emission connue de Babylone. I 43 du cat. sans signes de contrele, est determine comme representant de rnonnayage arbain autonome apres

56

300 avo n. ere. Terminus post quem pour l a date du recel de ICCH 829 est aux environs de 295-290 avo 11· ere.

Ensui te I 'auteur passe en revue Ies tresors monetaires connus de Macedonie et de la Thrace du Sud-Ouest, receles dans la periode du dernier quart du IVe _ premier quart du II Ie S. avo n. ere. Cinq monnaies de deux tresors inconnus [usqu'a present sont p ubl iees egalement. Les particular ites generales sont:

a) Des tetradrachmes avec les types de Philippe II et d' Alexandre Ie Grand, frappees. dans les ateliers macedoni ens de Pella et d' Amphipolis predominent ,

b) Les tetradrachmes avec les types d'Alexandre le Grand de Peloponnese et d'Asie, ainsi que les tetradrachmes d' Athenes (ft I'exception des dernieres dans ICCH 455) sont d 'une importance secondaire.

La composition de ICCH 829 se distingue par Ie fait qu'en elle predominent des tetradrachmes d ' A thenes et des emissions asiati ques du type Alexandre cependant qu'Il manque des emissions de Cassandros des ateliers monetaires macedoniens. Ces par tlcularites, at nsi que la date des exempl aires les plus recents, relient I 'accumulation de ICCH 829 avec Athenes au temps de la presence de Dernetr ios Poliorcete apres 294 avo n. ere. Le tresor reilete vralsemblablement les contacts entre des militaires de I' arrnee de Dernelr ios et la population locale en Thrace du Sud-Ouest pendant la campagne thrace du souverain en 292 avo n. ere et nous incline a penser qu'une partie de J'armee de Demetrios avanr;ait en direction vers Philipopolis.

PHCYHKH-rpacpHTH OT Cpe,l(HOBeKOBHaTa trspxaa B KpenOCTTa AHeBCKO Kane

MBAH ,lOI(AMBOB

Ilpes 1983r. npn pasapnsaue na OCHO· BHTe na cpe,n.HOBeKOBH3TaU'bpKBa (Nil 1) B uaranenara AHeBcKo xaae KpaHConoT 6S1xa OTKpHTH PHcYHKH-rpaqlHTH. Te ce nQSlBHXa MaJlKQ HeQqaKBaHQ B MOMeHT, KOraTQ ce pasqHCTBaXa MHQrQ6pQHHHTe <pparMeHTH QT 6.0- raro QUBeTeHH CT,eHQnHCH, nananana no nona aa npursopa aa U'bpKBaT3. nQapXHTeKTYpen THn, )l{HBQnHCHaH xepaxorrnacrauaa YKpaca TSI ce narapa OT XIII-XIV B.1

PHcYHKHTe ca paanoaoscena caao ua enno MSlCTQ - B'bpXYB'bH11IHOTQ nnue na ceaepnara crpaaaua aa BXQ,n.a K'bM HaQCa. CaMOTO nnue e Q6Ma3aHQ C 6S1J1, ¢HH BapOB pa3TBOp. BCJle,n.CTBHe aa npQ,n.'bJl)f{HTeJlHHSI npeCTOH B 3eMSITa Ma3HJlKaTa cee uanyxaaa.vOemo B3eTO Q6aqe. C'bCTQSlHHeTO ua PHCYHKHTe e ,n.Q6pQ2 (Q6p. 1 a. 6).

OCBeH PHCYHKHTeB'bpxy Ma3H.JIKaTa ce O'l'KpHXa H apyra 6YKBH,e,n.Ha nenrarpaua, aeser JlHB,n.Bype,n.OB Ha,n.nHCHa C pe,n.H.o6'bJlrapcxa e3HK Hnp.ToBa HH nasa QCHOBaHHe na npe.n,nOJIaraMe.tJe B PHcYHKHTe-rpa.pHTH HMa J3JlO}KeH onpe,n.eJleH CMHC'bJi. aBePOSlTHQ H lUIKaKBQ KOMnQ3HUHQHHQ e,n.HHCTBOS. OOBetJe OT CHrypHO e,tJe re ca neno aacaxo- 6HTeH HapO)J.eHMaHCTQP, M.o}Ke6H e,n.HH 01' CTpOHTeJlWreHa U'bpKBaTa HJlH BOHH. OCHOB.aHHe 3aTagH K()HCTaTaUHSI HH nasa TexHgxara H .BHCOK.OTQ npo<}>eCHQHaJiHO MaHCTOp· CTB.o na >KH~OnHCHaTa yxpaca aa trspxsara, xoarpacrapaura aa rpaqmTHTe.

.llpyrHHTepeceH <l>aKTe,tJe KaTQ naMe'l'HHK Ha . HapO.l(HQTQ. H306pa3HTeJlHO H3KYCTBo'npe3 cpe,n.HHTe BeKosenpe)J.CTaBelt~il'e .. nQ-,n.QJlYH0- BOOTK])HTH pHCyHKH ca.p~flQJlQJKeHH 'B1>pX;y oreana Ma3UJlKa. TaK8'1'eCeSlB}1.Ba:r CJIe;l1. Kp'brJiata U'LpKBa B npeCJlaBOT X B. H U'bPKaa N~ 5 or I'IepHH11IKaTa KpenQCT, ,n.aTHpaHa

'B .KpaSl.Ha.XI naxaaoro aa XII B., Tper.H

no po.n.3CHHn'bpSlIOT n~pHO,lla X I I 1- XIVB. 4

Ha jor OTCTapa nmIRHHapHCYHKH-rpa<PHTH He ca QTKPHTHr.. CJle,llOBaTeJlHO aamara HaXQ,n.Ka e He cauo rrspaara no pona CH, narapana TQqHO B XIII-XIV B., HQ H rrspsara sacera, QTKpHTa B YKaS3HHSI paHOH. OT ,n.pyra crpana, TSI HH npeaocraas B'b3MQ}KHOCT sa noaexe aHaJlQrQH, renernsecxa Bp'b3KH H oTKpHBaHeTo as nnpe,n.eJleHH saxoaoaepHQCTH KaKTQ B xy,n.mKeCTBeHHSI CIO)KeT, rasa H no HaqHH H a H3pa6Q1'K8" MeCTQnQJlQ)KeHHe H np.

Ha rrspso MSiCTO CJ1e.n.Ba na oT6eJle)KHM. se e 3aCBH,n.eTeJlCTBYBaH H KOHTHHYHTeT npn Te3H naMeTHHUH aa HapQ,n.HQTO TBQpqeCTBQ. Bpssxara C PHCYHKHTe OT n'bpBQTQ 6'bJirap-

8 Apxeonoras , 1, 1988

CKO uapCTBO H no X I - HatJaJlQTO na X I I B. e osesanaa. KQHCTaraUHSlTa aa P. BaCHJleB. KOHTO H3Ka3a npennoaoaceaaero, qe nepanurKHTe PHcYHKH-rpa.pHTH BbPXY m.pxaara-rpoonaua QT XI-XII B.. "He3aBHCHMO. se ca e.n.HHCTBeHH B IOr03ana,n.Ha B'bJirapHSI, He 03- aasaaa, se HSiMa na 6'b,llaT OTKpHTH H npyrn", e nannnna C rrsaaa CHJla B Ha11lHSI cJlyqafi6• H TbH KaTO PHCYHKHTe-rpa<pHTH QT JlepHHK ca HaH-6J1H3KH no spexe CTe3H or KpenOCTTa AHeBCKO 'xane, TeXHHKa ua H3pa6.otKa H PHCYBaJiHa nJlOIIJ. (CTeHHa Ma3HJlKa), HaH-Y,IlaqHQ e na rn pasraenaxe B TSlXHaTa B3aHMOBp'b3- Ka. BnpOqeM HMeHHO OTTYK npQH3J1S13QXa OCTaHaJlHTe 3aKQHQMepHQCTH, KOHTQ YCTaHOBHXMe.

Ha BTOpO MSiCTO TpSl6Ba na nOCOqHM, ·qe e H3nOJl3YBaHO enao 11: CbIIJ.O MSlCTQ aa nanaCSiHe na PHCYHKHTe - enaara crpaaana (B'bH- 11IHQTO Ii JlHue) na BXQ,n.a KbM naoca H3U'hPKaara, Pa3J1HKaTa e caxo B TQBa, qe B IlepHH11IKaTa trspxaa re ca B'hPXy IO)KHaTa crpauaua, a B Ha11lHSI cJlyqaH e H3nOJl3YBaHa cesepnara. He e H3KJIIOqeHO pHCyHKH na e HMaJlO H BbPXy IO)KHaT8, HQ TSI e ,n.QCTHrHaJia ,IlQ HaCB MaJIKa3ana3eHa BHCQqHHa. CpaaanTeJlHO ennaxaa e H pacyaaaaara nJ1QllI" .B'bpXy KQSlTO ca pa3nOJlO>KeHH pHCyHKHTe, KaKTQ H TeXHHKaTa na HaHaCSIHe C OCT'hP npenxer B'hPXy H3C'hXHaJiaTa Ma3HJlKa H np.

nO-Ba>KHaTa 3aKQHOMepHQCT cnopen Hac ce xoperm B caxara KOMn03HUHSI. 51pKO ce OTKpOSiBaT HSiKOJIKQ Q6IIJ.H eJleMeHTH. Be3 na rH creneaysaxe no Ba)KHOCT, me oT6eJ1e)f{liM HaH-Hanpe.n. HaJlHqHeTQ H B ,IlBaTa CJlyqaSl Ha 3HaKa "neHTarpaMa" B ,IleCHHSl .KpaH aa PHCYBaJlHOTQ none (06p. 1 8). BbPXy Ma3HJlKaTa na OepHIHlIKaTa rrspxsa-rpoenaua ca 3aCBH,n.eTeJlC1'BYBaHH aamacn-rpaqnrra. HeqeTJlHB' cpeaaoesnrapcxn Ha,llnHC B ,IlBa peaa H OT~ .n.eJlHH 6YKBH H3HaUH liMa H B'hPXy Ma3HJlKaTa H3 trspxaa N~ 1 orAHescKaTa xpenocr. H He na nOCJ1e,llHQMSlCTO Ha6J1IO,n.aBaMe ClOJKeTHa Bp'L3Ka ansere P3SJlHQHH no-apexe H MSlCTQ KOMn03HUIiH.' KQHKPeTHO TQBaCe H3pa3S1Ba KaKTQ'B'bB¢HrYPKHTe'Ha }KHBOTHH, raxa H B Jl.oBHHTe cueaa. HaJIHue e CbIU.o raxa e,llHaKBOCTB JlHHeapHaTa TeXHHKa H CXeMaTHqHOCT ,B H3Q6pa3RBaHetO aa ¢HrypHTe.

nQCQqeHHTe 3aKQHOMepHQCTH H.eC'bMHeHQ ca OT OCQ6eHQ snaseaae, HQ TQBa C'hBCeM He 3HaqH, qe B H306pa)KeHHSlTa HSiMa pa3J1HtJHSI. Te Q6aqe He HapY11laBaT QCHQBHHSI 3aMHC'hJl KaTQ USlJlQ. Te3H QTJlHKH ca CJle,n.HHTe. Flpasa enexaraeaae, qe HSiKOH QT HQBQOTKpHTHTe PHCYHKHca pa3nOJlQ)KeHH ,n.OCTa HHCKO-

57

• 06p. 1 a) ceeepnama cm panu ua na exoiia K'b~t naoca Ha u-sptceama, K'bOemO ce orntcpu xa pucunkume . Fig. 1 a) Le cote septentrional de l'eniree vers la net de l" eglise oic [uren t decouoerts les dessins 6) paoomeu uoueum om ceassucemo «a pucuu sume om suoa, 6) moment de travail de L'enleoement des dessins du mUT e) nenmaepa ua e ueumptinnama «acm na pucueannomo t:1O.1e; e) pentagramrne dans la partie centrale du champ de dessin

0,30-0,80 M OT OCHOBaTa na snna, a IlepHHUlKHTe ce HaMHpaT aa BHCOGHHa 1-1,30 M. CPHrYPHTe ca B XO.n: OT JI5IBO na .n:5ICHO, a Te3H OT f1epHHK - OT .n:5ICHO na JI5IBO. VI KoeTO e nO-BaJKHO, B HaIlH:l51 cJIYGaif HMa H306paJKeHH5I na xopa, YGaCTBYBaW.H B cuena, KOHHHK, BOHH H .n:p. BnpOGeM TOBa e. oure enno noTBbpJK.n:eHHe na H3Ka3aHOTO seve CTaHoBHw.e, Ge npes XIII-XIV B. napen C JKHBOTHHCKHTe H306paJKeHH5I OCHOBeH 06eKT na npect.snasaae e GOBeUlKaTa qmrypa7• Karo pa3JIHqHe ce 5IB5IBa npeaaaanauenuero aa lJ,bpKBHTe.

PHcYHKHTe-rpaqmTH ca H3nbJIHeHH B JIHneapen CTHJI. Te ca rm.pne onpocrenn H CXeMaTHGHH. 5ICHO OQepTaHH ca qmrYPHTe na .n:Be .JKHBOTHH, Bep05lTHO CbpHH. HapncyBaHH ca 6JIH30 enuo non npyrovxoero nnnana OCHOBaHHe .n:a npennonar-ave apr.axa nOMeJK.n:y HM. Te ca B .n:BHJKeHHe Ha.n:~CHO. TeJIaTa ca uanperuarn. Ilt.pnara (ropnara) qmrypa e na MaJIKa cspna. CPHrypaTa na nO-rOJI5IMOTO JKHBOTHO H3.n:aBa nanpesceaae, BCJIe.n:CTBHe na CHJIeH 651r. TOBa Haif-.n:06pe JIHGH B orn.aarnre nsa npennn xpaxa. Bb3MOJKHO e pHcYBaQbT zta e HCKaJI .n:a nOKaJKe 651r aa ci.pna MaifKa CbC CbpHeHlJ,eT08 (o6p. 2 a, 6). MOJKe 6H TyK ce OTKp05lBa BepHH5IT yceT Ha pHCYBaGa .n:a npecr.anaaa .n:HHaMHKa.

Oco6eH HHTepec npe.n:cTaBJI5IBa rpynaTa OT H5IKOJIKO QOBeUlKH qmrYPH B rOpHH5I Kpaif na pHcYBaJIHOTO nOJIe. Pa3nOJIOJKeHH ca nOQTH na enno HHBO H pa3CT05lHHe nOMeJK.n:y CH. CIOJKeTHO Haif-Bep05lTHO Tp5I6Ba .n:a ce casp-

58

o

2

1

a

o

2

2

o 2 3 em

..... ..i:::::::::::::::~ ...

~\

r-, .. ~.

~ .'

3

o 2 Jc m

---==:=--

• 06p. 2 a) (/Juzypa «a AW/lKa C7JpHa. Fig. 2. Figure d'une petite biche; 6) cpuzypa lola nO-ZO/lRMO :JICU- 6omHO. 6) figure d'un animal plus grand

• 06p. 3. (/Juzypa na e3iJa'l.Fig. 3. Figure de caoalier

.~ .

• 06p. 4. J/o6Ha c~eHa - «oeetusa cpuzypa c /l7JK u cmpena . Fig. 4. Scene de chasse - figure humaine avec arc et [l eche

*aT C nOBa. KOHTYPHTe Ha nbpBaTa ~Hrypa ca HeHCHH H pHCYHKaTa H3r ne*,na aeaarrspurena. Bb3MO*HO e HeHHHHT aBTOp na He e Morbn na H306pa3H *enaHOTO. no BCHIIKO nHIIH, lie e HCKan na noxaace eaztax (06p. 3);

Ilo-aarrspuren BH,n HMa sropara nOBHa cueaa. TYK e npencraseua 1I0BeWKa ~Hrypa B UHn pt.cr. r naaara e oveprana C emra OKPb*HOCT. JIHueTo e 6e3 no,np06HOCTH. THnOTO e 06bpHaTO B XO,n Ha,nHCHO, no KoeTO Cb,nHM, lie ~HrypaTa e B npodinn. Psuere ca pasnepenu BCTpaHH. B,nHCHO e H306pa3eH nbK CbC crpe.na. Ilpen 1I0BeWKaTa ~Hrypa e nanpaaea ornrr na 6b,ne HapHCYBaHO *HBOTHO, BepOHTHO cspna. THnOTO e npenaneuo C enna KOBrypna nHHHH_ Illasra e npasa, aaaspurnama C nae yWH. TaKHBa nOBHH cuean ca H3BeCTHH OT nbpBOTO 6bnrapCKO UaPCTBO H no-erieIJ,HanHO OT Ilpecnaa. 40BeWKH ~HrypH C nbK H CTpena ce cpew.aT PH,nKO, KaTO HanpHMep PHCYHKHTe B CKanHHTe nemepn xpaa C. IJ,apeBeIJ,9 (06p. 4).

Cnensamara 1I0BeWKa ~Hrypa e napacyBaHa no cxo,neH HaIlHH, HO cpaBHHTenHo noHecnonYllnHBo. rnaBaTa e HanpaBeHa OT ,nBe npecnaaum ce nHHHH H HMa pOM60BH,nHa ~opMal0 (06p. 5).

Oc06eHo. BHHMaHHe sacnyacasa enno 110- BeWKO H306pa*eHHe,pa3nono*eHo OT,nenHO OT ,npYrHTe, B ,nonHHH necen brbn na pHcYBaJInoro none. T03H ~aKT, KaKTO H xapaxrep sr na H306pa*eHHeTo, n03BonHBa na npennonO*HM, lie na Hero e orneneao nO-CneIJ,HanHO BHHMaHHe H 3HalleHHe. TOBa nHIIH H OT pa3- MepHTe na ~HrypaTa, KOHTO e no-roxana OT OCTaHanHTe.

Ilpencraanaaa ,nonOHCHO H306pa*eHHe aa Mb*Ka ~Hrypa BbB rpac. r .naaara e npencraaena C enna OKPb*HOCT, aect.paaaepao OTKnOHeHa OT THnOTO. OT eanara crpana TH e

59

5

3cm

o

2

6

o 2 3 4 5 em

.... III::::::::::'iI_Ii===iII __

• 06p. 5. Cxeuamuuna «oeeiusa ¢ucypa. Fig. 5. Figure humaine schematique

• 06p. 6. CXeMamU'lHO u306paJICeHUe na BOUt·t. Fig. 6. Repri:sentation schematique de soldat

nO.llCHJIeHa C ome eaaa .ll'bfOBH.llHO H3BHTa JIHHHH. JlHu:eTO e 6e3 nO.llP06HOCTH. C TOBa pHCYBaq'bT e HCKaJI na noxaxce rnaaara B 06eM HJIH n'bK .lla KopHfHpa HeC'bpa3MepHoTO if OTKJIOHeHHe. THJIOTO e, o6~o B3eTo, npaBHJIHO oxeprano - nO-lIIHpOKO B ropaara, paMeHHaTa xacr, CTeCHHBa~o ce K'bM xpscra. Psuere ca npencraseaa C no eznra npasa JIHHHH H ca C'b~O necspasuepaa cnpaxo THJIOTO. JlHBaTa p sxa .ll'bpmH xonne, H3npaBeHO aarope, C .ll'bJIfa .llp'bmKa. B'bPX'bT e C TpH-

60

<: ( Y ( (~'(.. J I\{O (VI Y {4

o

2 3 4 5 em

_1IIIi=::=::i_-==:::::::iII .....

7

l

-

~I-

O"_i=:::::J2 __ 3 em

8

o .. _1It:=::i2"'_t=:::j4 __ 5 em

9

• D6p. 7. Heuemnue naiinuc na cpeaHo67JAZapCKu e3UK. Fig. 7. Inscription illisible en langue bulgare moyenne

• 06p. 8. Hencnu ¢uzypu. Fig. 8. Figures impr ecises

• 06p. 9. Pa3AUIJHU KUPUACKU 6YKBU 67JpXy pucuBaAHO noAe. Fig. 9. Differentes lettres cyrilliques sur le champ de dessin.

'bf'bJIHa <popMa. ):(HCHaTa pt.xa .llbpmH 3HaMe (o6p. 6).

T'spacecrneaocrra aa nosara, BOHHCKOTO caapasceaae Ii np. HH nasar OCHOBaHHe na TBbP.llHM, qe e H306pa3eH BOHH aa nOCT. HanBepOHTHO raxa ca H3fJIem.llaJIH 3a~HTHHU:HTe na KpenOCTTa. Bb3MomHO e TOBa .lla e caMHHT aBTOp na PHCYHKHTe. Karo HMaMe npenann,

"

" IL--

~

10

.06p. 10. 06~ BUQ na pucqeasnama KOMno3uquR Fig. 10. Aspect general de La composition de dessln

lie B nO-rOJISlMaTa CII sacr H3BeCTHHTe PHCYHKHrpaq,HTH OT n'bpBOTO O'bJIrapCKO UaPCTBO ca neao na BOHHHUH, TOBa npe)l.IIOJIO)KeHHe He e JIHIIIeHO OT OCHOBaHHell. B Ta3H spssxa npaBHJIHO e MHeHHeTO aa n. Ossapos, lie "Xy,llO)KHHK'bT OT napona H3pa3SlBa eerie CH TaK'bB, KaK'bBTO e B ,lleHCTSHTeJIHOCT - HeIIO,llnpaseuo, aenpenaasrepeao, HeIIOCpe,llCTSeHo"12.

Ocsea OIIHcaHHTe no-rope pncyaxa-rpaq,HTH B'bpXy xopocanosara 3aMa3Ka YCTaHOanxxe pa3JIHllHH )l.paCKaHHUH C HeH3SlCHeHO npeaaaaaaxeaae H xapaxrep, e)l.HHHllHH OYKBH H np. Hapen C TSlX, KaKTO CIIOMeHaXMe S HallaJIOTO, B ropHHSI )l.eCeH 'br'bJI Ha pHCYBaJIHOTO nOJIe HMa HelleTJIHB nnypezoa Ha,llIIHC na Cpe,llHOO'bJIrapCKH e3HK13 (oop. 7, 8, 9).

Karo ooma xapaxrepncruxa aa PHcYHKliTe OT Ilepaux H Te3H OT AHeBcKo KaJIe ce oseprasar cpaBHHTeJIHO ennaxsare B'b3MO)KHOCTH aa xyno)KecTBeHoTO H30opa3S1BaHe na pa3JIHllHHTe q,HrypH - reOMeTpHlIHH, )KHBOTHHCKH anp., H KoeTO 3aCJIY)KaBa OTHOBO na ce nonseprae, lie PHCYaasare ca OTpa3HJIH MOMeHTId OT . CBOSI OHT, OT npnponaara cpena, KOSITO ra e 3aOOliKaJISlJIa14•

HOBOOTKpHTHTe PHCYHKH-rpaq,HTH OT U'bPKBa ~Q 1 B cpe,llHOBeKOBHaTa KpeIIocT AHeBcKo KaJIe KpaH COIIOT oTpa3SlBaT peaJIHO ,lleHcTBHTeJIHOCTTa. Te ca rnspae onpocresa H cxexaTHlIHH, c KOeTO II03BOJISlBaT na ce OTKPOSIT CKpoMHHTe B'b3MO)KHOCTH ua XY,llO)KHHKa. Or ,llpyra CTpaHa, SlpKO ce OllepTaBaT ,llBa q,aKTa

1 Pe3YJITaTHTe OT ap xeonorasecxa re pa3KOIlKH na xpenocrra KaTO UlIJIO H H3 cauara uspxsa He ca ouie 06HapO~BaHH. KP<lTKH csoomeaas aa rnx B:lK. 11 B. n:lK a M 6 0 B. Pa3KonKH aa AHeBcKo KaJIe npa Conor. ApXeOJIOrH'IeCKH OTKpHTHli H paaxonxn rrpes 1983 r. CMOJIlIH, 1984, 147-148; ApXeOJIOfH-

\

\" .J..1"\) Q ~Vo'(.\ I\\OM)' ,.\

C OOllJ,OHCTGpHlleCKO aaaseaae. Ha II'bPBO MSlCTO ce YCTaHOBSlBa eaaa 0e3cIIopHa apsaxa aa PHCYHKHTe OT IX-X B., XI-XII B., H XIII-XIV B., KaTO ce noraspsczasa KO.H. CTaTaUHSlTa aa enuanara eTHHlIeCKa OOllJ,HOCT na xopara, OTpa3S1BallJ,H TOBa eKcnpeCHBHO aaponao H3KYCTBO B pa3JIHlIHH paHOHH aa Cpe,llHOBeKOBHaTa O'bJIrapCKa ,ll'bp)KaBa HB pa3JIHllHH nepnona OT HeHHOTO csmecrsyaaae. TOBa, lie ca C IIO-HHCKa CTeIIeH aa xY,llO)KeCTBeHO MaHCTopCTBO He nasa OCHOBaHHe, noue sacera, ,lla ce CM sra B'bOOllJ,e, lie HMa ynam.x B T03H pon H3KYCTBO IIpe3 pa3BHTHSl q,eO)l.aJIH3'bM Y Hac rtpes XIII-XIV B. HaxapaueTO HM B TOllHO narapaa IIaMeTHHK - KpenOCT~ ra KaTO USlJI015 H cpeaaosexoaaara irspxsa OT XIII-XIV B. B lIaCTHOCT, IIOKa3Ba, lie Tpa,llHUHHTe B TOBa OTHOIIIeHHe IIpO)l.'bJI)KaBaT H npes BTOPOTO o'bJIrapCKO uapcrso (otip. 10).

Ha BTOpO MSICTO, OT ocooeaa Ba)KHOCT e q,aKT'bT, KOHTO ce nonseprasa H OT OCTaHaJIHTe H3CJIe,llBallH, lie cpeaaosexoaunre PHCYHKHrpaq,HTH HaH-llecTO ce HaMHpaT B nO-rOJIeMHTe CTOJIHllHH H ,llpyrH rpancxa uenrpose B O'bJIrapas - nJIHCKa, Ilpecnaa, KpYMOBO KaJIe, Ilepaax, Bacapao, T'bpHOBo, 4epBeH H np. C TOBa ce norsspssaaea npe,llnOJIO)KeHHeTO, lie xpenocrra AHeBcKo KaJIe KpaH Conor e enao OT Ba)KHHTe CeJIHllJ,a B IO)KHOO'bJIrapCKHTe 3eMH - HaH-BepoSlTHo unranenara na cpenHOBeKOBHHSl rpan Koncac, uem-sp aa IlonOaJIKaHCKaTa OOJIaCT OT xpas na X II I H HallaJIOTO aa XIV B.16

'IeCKH orxpa ra a H paaxonxn. CJlHBeH, 1985 r., 246- 247.

~ ITpe~BH~ onacuocrra OT p aapyuraaaue aa Ma· 3HJIKaTa C pacyaxare CJIe~ O'fKpHBaHeTo H H3JIaraHelO H na a'[Moc<jlepHIi BJIH HHH 51, ce HaJlO:lKH cuenma aaxeca aa exan 01' xoucepaaropa C P'bKOIlOII.HTeJi M. Kapa-

6-1

6aweB OT HI1TIl( - palioa TIJlOB~HB. Te 6S1xa CBaJ1eHH H aanesaraaa . TIpt'~H . TOBa ycnaxxe ~a rH npoylJHM H CHeMeM rpa<pHtlHo KOnHe B Mama6 1: 1. 6J1aro~apeuae na xoerccera HMaMe B'b3MOjf{HOCl' sa noaaecen TOBa C"b06meHH e.

:; .lJ.. 0 B lJ a p 0 B. Bsarapcx» cpeaaoaexoeaa PHCYHKH"rpa<pH'('H. C., 1982,. c. 8.

4 TIaK TaM; 14-15; fl. 4 a H rOB a HAp.

Kpenocrra TIepHHK VIII-XIV B. Fpanoycrpoficrao Ii apxarexrypa. TIepHHK. T. II. C., 1983, 67-78. 6 .lJ.. 0 B 'I a p o B. I..(H r. C1>lJ., c. 116.

e P. B a C H JI e B. PHcYHKH-rpa<pHTH OT ~Byeraacaara uspxaa-rpoeaaua B cpe)lHoBeKoBHHSI IlepHHK. - ApXeOJloJ'HSI, .N2 1-2, 1981, to6-107.

7 .lJ.. 0 B lJ a p 0 B. I..(HT. C"b'l., 119-120.

8 P. B a C H JI e B. I..(HT. css., 97-98, 06p. 2. 9.lJ.. 0 B 'I a pO B. I..(HT. C"blJ., c. 157, Ta6J1.

CXXXII-3. 10 TaM.

11 TaM, 60-63. 11 TaM, c. 60.

13 fl. 4 a H r O"B a. I..(HT. c'f,q., c. 78.

14 P. B a C H JI e a. I..(HT. Cl,'1.,- c. 107.

15 11 B. .u)Ka M 60 B. Cpeaaoaexosaara xpe-

nOCI KpaH c. AHeBo. TIJIOB~HBCKO (Ilpenaaparearro cb06IUeHHe). - Bexoae, .N24, 1982, 59-64.

16 11 B. .lJ.}K a M 6 0 B. 3a MeCTOnOJlO)KeHHeTO aa cpe~HoBeKoBHHSI rpaa Koncac (cnopea HCTOpHlJeCKille CBe~eHHSI H HOBHIe apXeOJIOrHlJeCI{H npoyxaaHHSI. _ ApXeOJIOrHSI, .Nt I, 1986, 19-27.

Dessins-graffiti de J'eglise rnedievale dans la Iorteresse Anevsko kale

I. Diambov

(R e sum e)

L'auteur publie une trouvaille nouvellement decouverte de dessins-graffiti sur un des murs de J'eglise NO.1 de la Iorteresse Anevsko kale pres de Sopot.

Ce sont pour Ie moment les premiers dessinsgraffiti sur crepi mural en Bulgarle de la periode du Deuxierne royaume bulgare, X II Ie_X Ive s.

Sur la base de I'analyse comparative, I'auteur decouvre des regularites deterrninees dans la composition du sujet et une continuite entre les dessinsgraffiti decouverte [usqu'a present sur du crepi mural de la periode plus ancienne _ Xe_XIIe s. et pen-

62

dant Ie Ieodalisme developpe chez nous XIIle_XIve s.

Les dessins representent des figures schernatiques danimaux, de scenes de chasse, des. figures hurnaines deterrninees, une inscription illisible et d'autressignes et lettres.

En conclusion I'auteur souligne que les dessinsgraffiti nouvellement decouverts prouvent de nouveau que leur emplacement est avant tout dans Ies plus grands centres de la capitale et autrescentres municipaux - en particularite la citadellede la ville rnedievale Kopsis, la Iorteresse Anevsko kale pres de Sopot.

Kpumusa u

peqeH,3UU

KARL STROBEL. UNTERSUCHUNGEN ZU DEN DA KER KR IEGEN TRAJ ANS. Studien zur Geschichte des mittleren und unteren Donauraumes in der Hohen Kaisefleit(ANTIQUITAS, Reihe I, Band 33). Bonn, 1984. 284 p., 3 tab.

.uaKHHCKHre BOHHH aa HMneparop TpaHH npea 101/102 H 105/106 r. npencraanasar e)l.HH or Hali- 3HalJHreJIHHre BoeHHH H nOJIHTHlJt:CKH cb6HrHH B PHMCKara HMnepHH npes enoxara aa Ilpaauanara. Do caoero anaxeaae H Mama6Hocr re H)l.Bar CJle)l. rpasc)l.aHCKHTe BOHllH B PHM. 3arOBa HeCJlyqaHHO 6e rrpaera C nosnuiea aayxen a arepec H3JIH3JIara npea 1984 r. KHHra aa K a p JI III P 06 e JI "lhcJIe)l.BaHHH BbPXY )l.aKHHcKHTe BOHHH aa TpaHH". TH npeacrasaaaa rrpepadoreaa aoxropcxata My nncep rann a, aaunrreaa npea 1981 r. BbB <l>HJIOCoq,CKHH :paKyJIreT sa HCTOPHH H H3KycTB03HaHHe rrpn YHHBepcHTeTa B MIOHXCH. Tpyzre r ce t1.CTOH or: npenroaop, B1.Be,aeHHe, 5 rJIaBH, 5 npHJIO>KeHHH, 6H6JIHorpa<j>HH H a36Y'H'H noxaaaneu.

Toli e Ba>KeH He caao sa cnellHaJIHCTHTe or penaua crpaaa no VHMCKO BoeHHO )!.eJIO H no np06JleMHre na acropa ara H MaTepHaJiHaTa KYJITYpa na )!.aKHHCRHTe H npyra nneaeua, HO C1.mO raxa H 3a 61.JIravCKHTe H3CJIe.n;BaqH aa crapara HCTOPHH H aaraxnara apXeOJIOrHH. TOBa ce .n;1.JI>KH npe.n;H BCRqKO na <paKTa, 'Ie -rpaKIIHCKHTe 3eM" rroxpaa )l.eCHHH 6psir aa .n;OJIHHIi .uYHaB (.!IH. Cenepaa B1.JIrapHIi) ca HMaJIH npsxo OTHoweHHe KbM cnoaenarare BoilHH aa Tpasn, a HMeHHO: I. Te ce IlaMHpaJIH B aenocpencrneaa 6JIH- 30CT .n;o roaexare H pelllHTeJIHH n~pa>KeHHH B .lI.aHHH. pasnOJIO>KeHHHa cesep or .uYHaB. 2. HHKoH 01' 60HHHTe aecrBHS! ca ce BO.n;eJIH ssp xy xacr 01' TepHTopHHTa na .uOJIHa MH3HH (no spexe na I .n;aKHHcKa BoHHa). 3. B'bB BoeHHHTe )!.eHcTBHH npes .n;BeTe BoliHM ca ~3eJIH aKTHBHO yuacrae PHMCKHTeJIer'HoHH, KOHTO ce HaMHpaJiH aa nOCTOHHeH narep no )l.OJIHo.n;YHaBCKHH JIHMec: V MaKe.n;oHcKH JIerHOH (c nOCTOSlHeH JIarep B ECKYc npa c. Farea, DJIeBeHCKH oxpvr, H nO-K1.CHO B Tpe3MHC B Ceaepaa .lI.06py.n;>Ka). I HTaJIIIHCKH JIerHOH (c rJIaBeH rapHH30H B HOBe npa CBHmOB) H X I KJIaB,lI.HeB JIerHOH, KoliTo CJIe,ll. xpas aa BOHHHre OCTaHaJi OKOHqareJIHO B .lI.YPOCTOPYM . (lJ.H. CHJIHCrpa).

B'bB B1. B e lJ. e H H e r 0 aa CBOSlTa pa60Ta

(c. 13-18) K. lll.p06eJI ce cnapa na C1.CTOH}fHeTO aa npoyusana ara no pa3i'JIeiK.n;aHHSI OT Hero npo6.neM, KaTO npasa nperaea aa csmecrsysamara JIHTepaTypa ao HanHCBaHeTO aa HerORHH rpy.a, Or6eJlSl3Ba ce, xe rrspsnar KanHTaJIeH rpylJ. B1.PXY lJ.aKHHcKHTe BoliHH aa .lI.oMHllHaH H TpaHH npHHa.n;JIe>KH aa KapJI Ilax, H3JIH31.JI npea 1937 r. Ho orrorana .lIO HaWH .n;HH HOBHTe apXeOJIOrHqeCKH· MaTepHaJIH, H3BOpH H n03HaHHH ca npOMeHHJIH.i\O rOJIHMa crenea npeacraaare sa npenpaucxa .uaKHH H cauare )l.aKHlicKH BOHHH. OT)l.eJIeHO e H Ba>KHO MHCTO na ny6JIHKYBaHoToH3- caeasaae aa PYM1.HCKHH HCTOPHK B. Fayep B1.PXY Tpasaosara KOJl0Ha (BepJIHH, 1977 r.). OroeJIH3Ba ce, 'Ie asropur e HanpaBHJI KpHTHqeH onaop aa H3- aopa re no oruourenae rra peaepare aa KOJIOHaTa, HO HHKOH 01' ThJIKYBaHHHTa My ca HenpaBHJIHH.

Ilpenuer aa 1 .. r JI a B a (c. 19-34) e H3BOPOBHHT MaTepHaJi aa .n;aKHlicKHre BOHHH na TpaHH. OCRoBeH J1HTepaTypeH H3TOqHHK e PHMCKHHT HCTOPHK .uHOH KacHli (155-235 r.), aarop aa: "PHMCKa HCTOpHH". KHHra 68 e nOCBeTeHa aa ynpaaaeaaero aa axnepaTOp Tpasn, T03H 'rpy'.n; e CTHrHaJI ao jrac xpea eKCllepnHTe aa BH3aHTIIHCKHH MOHax 1l0aH KCH<pHJIHHOC 01' Tpane3YHT (XI B.) . .upyr Ba>KeH H3TOqHHK aa .n;aKHHCKH re BOHHH npencraanaaa TDaHHOBaTa KOJIOHa

(BHC. 40 M), H3.!1HrHaTa ira e)l.HOHMeHHHH <JlOPYM B PHM (12 MaH 113 r.). HeliHHTe peJIe<j>HH cuena C oema )I.1.Jl>KHHa OKOJIO 200 M paaxasaar aa Hali-Ba>KHHTe MOMeHTH or asere BoliHH, KaTO aapen C pHMJIH~ HHTe ca H306pa3eHH H l'eXHHTe npOTHBHHIlH aaxareH C1.103HHllHTe HM. Ha C'bmHH naouiaa ce e HaMHpaJI H "TpaSiHoBHHT <PPH30B peJIe<j>", e.n;HH 01' urensospa re aa PHMCKOTO nJiaCTHqHO H3KYCTBO, l{HHrO ueurpamra cuerra H306pa3HBa 60p6aTa aa TpaHH cpetuy .n;aKHTe. 3a 03HaMeHYBaHe ua OKOHqaTeJIHaTa n06e.n;a na TpaHH B 106 r. ~HJI H3)1.HrHaT raxa napexeaaar "Tpo<Peii aa TpaHH" B Cesepaa .u06py.n;>Ka npn c. A.n;aMKJIHCH (108/109 r.). ~eHHH )l.aHHH sa Hero ce C1..n;1>p>Ka1' B JIaTHHCKHH nOCBeTHTeJIeH aaanac B ,qeCT aa Mapc YJITOp. Ilpea 114 r. B rpaa BeHeBeHT (IOroH31'OlJHa H1'8JIHSI) 6HJIa OCBeTeHa Tpasaosara apxa, B qHHTO peJIe<ilH )l.aKHHCKHTe Bolhm saeaar OCHOBHO MHCTO.

B r JI a B H II H III (c. 41-56. 56-62) K. Illpo- 6eJI ce cnapa Ha ronorpaoaara H reorparpa ara aa )l.aKHHcKoTO llapcTBO H Ha HerOBHH BoeHeR nOTeHUHaJi B aaaesepaero aa I .n;aKHHcKa BoliRa. B'sa OCHOBa aa HOBHTe apxeOJ10rHqeCKH pasxonxa H npoysaaaaa Morar npH6JIH3HTeJIHO .n;a ce oxep raar rpaaaua re na llapCTBOTO aa .uelle6aJI - paaoaa Ha Cenaorpaacxo (Siebenbiirger), Baaarcxara 06JIaCT no .n;OJlHHaTa aa Mypelll, Bnaurxara paBHHHa H qaCIH OT H3TOqHHre Kapnara. ~HJIaTa Ta3H 06JIaCT, KOHTO B xpas aa I B. 6HJIa 3aCeJIeHa OT reTo-MH3HHCKH HapOlJ.IIOCTHH rpyna cesepao 01' .lI.YHaBa, 06xBaw;aJIa eaaa IlJIOUx or Ha)l. 260 000 KB. KM. ~HJIOCTHOTO HaCeJIeHHe e Ha.n;xB1.pJIHJIO MaJiKO nosese or I MJIH. )l.YIllH. Taxa nap .D:elle6aJl, 3a KOHTO HCTOpHqeCKHTe cseaeaas rOBopHT, 'Ie 6HJI npeesaxonea opraaaaarop, n1.JlKOaoaeu H TaKrHK, 6HJI B C1.CTOHHHe .n;a M06HJIH3Hpa enaa 200 000 BolicKa H H3BeCTeH KOHTHHreHT 01' )l.pyrH C'hCe.n;HH nJIeMeHa (01' repxaac-capaarcxa npOH3XO.ll). KOHTO 6HJ1H aa neroaa crpana. TpH6Ba na ce npaeae C1.C carypaocr, 'Ie .uelle6aJI pasnoaaran C peaosna BolicKa B· pajloaa aa Ce,aMorp8)l.CKO, K1>)l.eTO ce aaMHpaJiH Hali-Ba>KHHTe crpareraxecxn lJ.aKHHCKH xpenOCTH. B paMKHTe na MHpHHH lI.orOBOp or 89 r.RM-' neparop .lI.oMHllHaH 6HJI npeaaa aa .lI.elle6aJI CBOH TexHHllH, HH>KeHepH H np .• KOHTO HeC1.MHeHO oxasaJIH BJIHHIIHe B H3rpa>KlI.aHeTO aa lJ.aKHlicKaTa BOHCKa II BepOHTHO <pOpTH<pHKallH HTa no PHMCKH cepaseu. TpH6Ba lJ.a ce oroMe>KH C1>mO raxa, xe B )l.aKHHCKHTe 3eMH H Hali-Beqe B pasona na Ceaxorpaacxo 6HJI8. .n;06pe pa3BHTa MeTaJIyprHHTa H 'Ie lI.aKHTe caua MO-. >KeJIH aa cu npHrOTBHT csoero 3amHTHO H aanaaaTeJIHO Op1.>KHe. Y>Kac sa PHMJIHHII re npe,aCTaBJIHBaJIa lJ.aKHlicKaTa nexora, KOHTO 6HJla B1.Op1.>KeHa C MeqOBe, 3aKpHBeHH ua B1.pXa KaTO xoca. C1.J03HIITe aa .n;aKH1C IlJIeMeHa I1bK OKa3BaJiH nOMOm C'LC CBOHl'a xaBaJIepHH. TaKa B HaBeqepHeTO Ha I lJ.aKHlicKa BoliHa ua Tpasn cpemy PHMCKHTe JIerHOHH 6HJIa asnpareaa enaa MHor06poiiHa H cpaBHHTeJIHO noepe 06yqeHa )l.aKHHcKa BOHrKa, rOTOBa sa cepaosaa C1.npOTHBa.

Caeaaautara IV r JI a B a e Hali-c'bmeCTBeHara B KHHraTa aa K. lllp06eJI. B HeH 101\ H3JIara MHoro )l.eTaHJiHO H npeuaaao H3CJIe.n;BaHHHra CH B1.PXy KO-, MaH.n;HHH H qHCJIeHHH cscraa na uanara pHMcKa apMHH (JlerHOHH. nOMOmHH BolicKH, <PJIOTa. uepery.napna qaCTH H ap.), B3eJIH yxacrae B nsere BOHHH cpeuty .n;aKHTe. DapaJIeJIHO C TOBa Toli ce cnapa B1.pxy .n;HCJIOKaUHHTa aa pa3JIHqHHTe BHAOBe qaCTH. OT)l.eJIH MHCTO aa TeXHHTe nOCTOHHHHH BpeMeHHH aarepa, KaKTO H aa pa3JIllqHaTa CTpOHTeJIHa )l.eliHOCT (m.rmua, MOCTOBe, KpenOCTH, narepa H ap.) .. B nocerauraa re H3CJIeJI;BaHH H B1.PXy 103H np06JIeM csutecreyaaxa

63

pa3JIH'IHlI B'bB sp saxa C OpOll na OOHHHTe e~HHI1UH B ~aKI1HCKHTe nOHHI1. Cnopen HaC mpOoeJI MHOfO TO'lHO e H3CJle~BaJI HCrOpl1l1Ta aa B~H'IKI1Te JIefHOHH, aJIH, KOXOPTH, cxecexa xoxop ra H npyrn '1aCTH B ropecrroaeaarare BoiIHH. Toif ~On'bJIBa H xopnrapa npenaumare H3CJIe~Ba'll1. H3nOJI3YBa H ueponasaa JIHTepaTypa !IO Te3H B'bnpOCH. Cnopen nero B p aaJIH'IHHre epa3H- aa ~Bere ~aKHHCKH BOliHH ca B3eJlli Y'IaCTHe 14 PHMCKH JlemOHa: l egio I Adiutri x, l egio I Italica, legio I Minervia pia f idel is, legio II Adiutrix, legio IV Flavia felix, l egio V Macedonia, Iegio VII Claudia pia fidelis, leglo X Gernina pia fidelis, l egio XI Claudia pia Iidelis, legio XIII Gernina, legio XIV Gemina Martia victr ix, legio XV Apollinaris,legio XXX Ulpl a vlctrix, legio II Traiana fortis. K'bM TlIX ca npenocraaeua 78 nOMO~HH '1aCTli : 29 cohortes q uingenartae, 6 cohor tes mil liar iae, 27 cohortes equitatae, 6 cohor tes sagittariae, 7 cohortes rnill iariae equitatae, I cohors saglttaria equitata, 2 cohortes milliar iae sagittariae equitatae. OCBeH rosa K'bM rearspa na OOHHlil'e ~eHcTBlill HM· neparop Tpaaa ~OIll'bJI C'bC COOCTBeHaTa en nperopHaHCKa r aapnas OT PUM. ITo pexa llYH:JB UIIPKYJIHpana ITaHoHcKO-MII,mHCKaTa epJlOTa, a OT~eJIliH liJIeMeHa, saceneaa no JlHMeCa, B3eJlII Y'IaCTHe na crpaaara aa PIIM KaTO epe~epalli. Taxa npes zmere ~aKHHCKH BOHHH PHMCKIlTa BOHcKa HaOpOHBaJIa enao nayIllHTeJIHO KOJIH'IeCTBO or 200 000 ~YIllH.

ITo-~OJIY uie ce cnpea naxparxo B'bpXY ouesa JIerli OHH, KOHTO ca CB"Lp~aHIi C ,1IOJlHOMH3HHCKH H JlB-. Mec H nO-TO'lHO C ~OJIHOMH3HHCKaTa BOHCKa no IlpeMe sa ~aKHftcKHre BOHHII.

I HTaJIHHCKH JIerHOH (legio I Italica) OHJI na nOCTOHHeH aarep B HOBe. B3eJi e IIKTHBHO y'IaCTHe B ~BeTe ~aKHHcKIi BOHHII. 4acTH or T03H JIerHOH ca OHJlH .na rapHH30H rrpa BoeHIIHH uearsp Bypanasa (~II. CrOJlHH'IeHH) na p. OJ1T. ITO-K'bCIIO HerOBR '1aCTH ca 3aCBH~ereJlCTByBaHH npa KaCTeJIa CYKH,lI.aBa, KOH· ro e OHJI oa3ara na PHMCKOTO nacrsnaesae K'bM OJ1T B xpas na I ~aKHHCKa BoHHa. ITPH rOJIHMaTa BOHcKoBa KOHUeHTpaUHlI npe3 102-106 r. BeKCHJIaUJIH CTaIlYBaJIH B Ceaepoaaroxna MOhTeHlIlI, xaxro nOKa3BaT nexarare B JIarepa aa llpaHlia ~e Cyc. Paooraa '1aCT or I I1raJIHHCKH JIerHOH e asena npsxo Y'IIICTHe n CTpOeJKa aa SaJKHHH L\YfIaBCKH MOCT npn llpooera.

Hanocaem.x n HOBe ollxa orKpHTH HlIKOJIKO neuara aa I MHHepBlieB JIernOH (l egio I Minerva pia fideJis). T. Capacscxa e CKJ10HeH .aa rn L\ampa B. 101 f. Tofi naxapa aHaJIOrH'IHO CXO,1lCTBO C uesarare na XI KJIaB~lIeB ,1emOH B HOBe OT rona BpeMe If Te3H OT Bparenao. K'bM Ta3H nara CapHoBcKH 01'HaClI H nesara re aa I HTitJIHHCKIi .ilerHOH (!eg(ionisj I Italitcae) (BJK. CTaTHHra aa T. CapHoBcKII B: Acta centri histor iae. "Terra anti qua ba!canica". I, 1986, p. 66-67). ITo apcvero aa ~YHaBCKHTe BOHHH aa lloMH~HaH I MHHepBHeB J1emOH e n3eJI Y'IaCTHe. Cnopez mp06eJI B 100/101 r. JlerHOH"T e 6JjJI aa p. PeHH (B 09H). ITpe3 MapT 101 r. TOH ce OrnpaBHJI K'bM ~aKHHcKHlI eppoHr. Ooa'le OCTaHaJI B'bB BHH~OHHca (~H. BHH~HU1 B lliBeHuapHH) .110 ecenra aa csmara rO~HHa, K'b~eTO BpeMeHHO saMeCTHJI narrycHaJIHH XI KJIaMHeB JIefIiOH. E~Ba B 102 r., T.e. B I'l I KaMnaHHH na I ~aKHHcKa BOHHa, I .I\1HHepBHeB JierHOH ce BI(JIJO'IHJ1 aKTHBHO B'bB BoHHaTa. BasapaHKH ce na resn ~aHHH, nae CMe CKJIOfIHH aa .lIaTHpaxe neuara re aa T03H .neraoa B Hone B 102 r. BePORTHO BeKCHJIaUHO OT 103H JIerHOH e OHJI speaeuao B .narepa aa I HTaJIHHcKH J1erHOH. IToCJ1e~HHHT, KaKTO crroueaaxae no-rope, e .6HJI H3npaTHJI CBOH nO.lle.JleHII H ua cesep n ocpaH3HBP;rlf npH Oar, KaKTo H enna OOHHa xacr ua I13TO~b?'l )3~i:ftaTa aa PHM cpe-

~Y rrap ra re. .,L .. , .".. .. ..

V MaKe~OHCKH bterHoHi;;(l~gi(r V Macedon!ca) B3eJl C'b~O ysacrue B ,!(neTe :n:~KffAphi BOHfIll, B pa~l. KHTe aa ~OJIHOMH3HHCKaTIl '~p~HH'.' HerOlW,HT MraT KBHHTYC POCUHYC ¢laJIKOlli't}ffJI JtarpaL\e~ npes ; I BoAHa JIH'IHO OT'HMnepaToptpallH C BHCOKH ,0'rJlIJllH il. mp06eJ1 aacr snna MHeHHero, '1'e nO~eJleHHH na TOSH JIerHOH oure n 101/102r. ca npHCTHrHaJIH n fIOBHlI JIafep Tpe3MHC B Cesepaa ll06PYL\JKa B'bB. ap ssxa

64

C IlpO'lHCTnaHeTO na r03H paHOH Or ~aKHHCKHTe csJ03HHUll (npyroro MHeHHe e, 'Ie V MaKe}.lOHCKH J1erHOH .lI0Ill'bJI n Tpe3MHC CJ1e~ 106 r.). llpyrHTe BeKCHJIaUHH Y'IaCTBYBaJIIl B onepanaare no p. OJIr cpeuiy JOJKHOxapnarcxara JIHHHR, KaTO 1:'lHJIH noxopena ~aKHHCKHTe nnexena B OOJI8CTTa aa cesepuara 'IaCT aa BJlaXIlH. TYXJIH C rrenara aa y MaKe~OHCKH JIerHOH ca 3al:JjIl~ele,"CTBYBaHH II KacTciitlre llpaHHa ~e Cyc, M'bJi'be~H, Baprioura , a B Bypaaasa ca nasrepeaa ry XJIH C nexara aa 3 aeraoaa e~HOBpeMeHHO - V MaKeL\OHCKH, I I1TaJIIIHCKH H X I KJiaB.L,HeB. ITaK cnopen mpooeJI H L\PYfH H3CJI~BaljH onpa3HeHHHT nar-ep na V MaKe~oHcKH JIerHOH B ECKYC OHJI saer BpeMeHHO OT X I KJIaB~HeB. OTTaM nOCJIe~HHlIT OHJI HSnpaTHJI BeKCHJ1aUHO B ob~eulHH CH JIarep llYPocToPYM. KaKTO e H3BeCTHO, CJIe~ npHKJIJO'IBaHerO aa ~aKHHCKlire BOHHH n 106 r. ECKYC OHJ1 npeaspuar B KOJIOHHlI _ HaH-BlicoKaTa crenea na npoBlfHUII3JIHO ynpasnesae. Toraaa 3anO'lHaJI H crpoeao r na KaMeHHaTa creaa, KOHro aacera oute He e H3CJ1e~BaHa. Bescnopao V MaKe~oHcKH JIerHOH He e B3&1 Y'IaCTHe B crpocaca nopana npeaecraaaero MY B ..uooPYL\JKa. TOBa rpsrlaa ~a e CTanaJIO cnopen Hac OT crpOHreJIHH BeKCHJIaUHH na XI KJiaB~HeB H I I1raJ1HHCKH JIerHOH, KOHTO ca OHJIH HaCl'aHeHH B onpasaenaa aarep. Hanocaensx npa apXe0J10fH'IeCKHTe pasxonxa B ECKYC H nO-To'IHO na 100 M H3TO'lHO 01' nO-K'bCHOro pasumpeaae na rpa~a (ECKYC II) B 3H~ OT paucxara enoxa ce nonanaa aa ry XJIH C rreuara aa I 11TaJ1HiicKH H X I KJIaB~Hen JIerHOH, epaKT, KOHTO HH xapa ~a CMHTaMe, 'Ie TeXlIH no~e.leHHH ca. Cl'aUHOHHpaJIH e~HOBpeMeHHO TaM.

X I KJIaB~HeB JlerHOH· (J egio X I Claudia) aanycnan CBOH ropaopeaucxa J1arep B'bB BHH~oHHca B 100/101 r., KaTO OHJI aanparea B onpasaeuare JIarepH ua legio I H II Adiutrix B AKBHHKYM H 0PHreUHO B npOBHHUHH ITaHoHHR. IToCJIe,1l;UHTe naa aerHOHa 6HJIH sese a a ~aKHHcKo-MH3HHCKHlI tjJPOHT. X I KJIaB~HeB JlerHOH OHJI npeuecreu B lloJIHa MH3HR MfIoro aepoxrao B'bB sp ssxa C ~aKHHcKo-capMaTcKoTo aaurecraae TaM npes eceara aa 101 r. B 102r. TOM CbC CHrYPHocT B3eJl ysacrae B rOJ1eMHte onepauaa no p. OJiT. KaKI0craHa H3neCTlfO no-rope, OCHOBHHTe '1aCTH cTaU;HOHHpaJIH 'B ECKYC, a e~Ho aexcnJlaUHO OHJIO asnpareao n O'b~e~nll nocroaaea aarep .II.YPOCTOpYM (~H. CHJIHcrpa). BCH'IKII TYXJ1eHH ne'laTH aa XI KJIaB~HeB JIefHOH 01' ~aKHiicKHTe <l>a3H aa Tpaax nOKa3BaT crapn re ropaorepxancxo-naHOHCKH rarroae II e'l aTH . C YCTaHolIHBaHeTo na UeJlHR JierHOH B .II.YPOCTOPYM B 106/107 r. OUJIH B'bBe,'leHII HOBH THIlOBe nesara B opraaasauaara na TaMOIllHIITe epHrJIHHH. Tarrosere nexara LEG XI CL; LEG X I CLPF He ca 1t3neCTHH npena CTaUHOHHpaHero na ,7lerHOHa n Zlypocropysr. 3a npacscraaero aa neKCHJIaUIiO B llYPOCTOPYM oure B xpas na I .!laKHHcKa BOHHa noxaasar KaKTO e~HH OJIOBeH MeJJ.aJIbOH H HHKQJlKO rYXJIeHII nexara 01' no-crapa a THn, raxa H HaJIH'IlieTO na aerosa '1aCTH B Ceaepoaarovna MOHTeHHlI B 102- 105/106 r.

XIII JIernOll-OJIH3HaK (leglo XIII Gemina) npes nOCJIe~HO'IO ~eceTHJIt'THe aa I B. <iHJI npeaecreu OT Ileroaao B'bB BHH~oooHa (BHeHa). CJie~ rosa B3eJI 3Ha'lHTeJlHO Y'IaCTHe H B nnere ~aKHiicKIi BoiiHH aa Half-lIaJKHH1'e Y'IaCT'bUH, xaro rreros B'b3MOJKeH JIarep ce nocosaa Capaasererysa, O'b~e~aTa KOJIOHIIH YJInHH Tpaana Capxaaereryaa (107 r.). CJIe,1l; roaa HerOB nOCTOHlleH JIarep CTaHaJ1 AnYJIYM (~H. AJIoa JOJIHH). I13upaTHJI neKCHJlaUHO aa H3TOK n nap rcxara BOHHa aa TpaHH (113/114r.). CJI~ 271 r. ce HaCTaHHJI H2 ~eCHHlI opHr na llYHaB B PaUHapHH (,1I;Il. c. Apuap, BH~HHCKH OKP'bf).

B r J1 a B a V aa CBOHTa KHlIl'a K. mp06eJl ce cnapa no~pooHO H3 H36yxnaHeTo aa .lIaKHHCKHTe BOHuH, na OOHHHTe ~eHCTBHH ua pa3JiH'IHHTe epPOHTOBe, KaKTO H aa 1l0CJIe~IIUHre OT Te3H C'bOHTHlI (c. 155-226). CJIC~ 3·ro~HIllHa 1l0~rOTOBKa aa 25 MapT 101 r. Tpaaa aarrycaan eroaauara H ce oTlIpaBHJI cpemy ~aKHHcKoTo uapCTBO na lleueoaJi 3a oraap sae HII BoHHaTa. ITonO~'bT on.'! HapYIlleHHH na I<JIaY3Hre 01' MHpHHlI aorosop C lloMHUHaH rrpes 89 r., KoeTO ce H3pa3HnaJIO B aanaaeans nan norpa-

HHlIHHTe palioHH, HMllepaTOp'bT ce OmpaBHJI K'bM BHMHHaUHYM (~H. KOCToJiau B IQrOCJlaBHll), raanes uearsp na ropHOMH3HHCKHll JlHMeC, npes KOHTO MHnanan Kpaii~YHaBCKHll rrsr, TaM .nar-epyaan VII KJlaB~HeB JlerHOH, '!HHrO narep CTaHaJi raaaua mae-xsaprapa ua pHMcKaTa BoHcKa. OTKpHBalleTO aa BOHHaTa 6HJlO C'bIIpOBO~eHo C BIIYWHTeJlHH peJlHrH03HH H BoeHHH uepeaoaau, KaKTO H C 06p'b~eHHe ua Tpaaa K'bM BOHcKar3 CH. TIpe3 npcaerra ua 101 r. rJlaBIIHTe CHJlH 6HJlH C'bCp~OTOlIeHH no HanpaBJIeHHeTO KOCTOJlau-JI~epaTa-~ecHHll Kpaii na Bauarcxare naaHHIIH -npoxOila Tane (rOH BO~eJI na 101' K'bM )KeJJe3- aa re BpaTH) II MllcrOTO aa 6'b~e~aTa KOJlOIIHll CapMlI3erery3a. OTTaM n'bTllT e BO~~ K'bhl cpeaaara ,lI.OJlHlla aa p. Mypew II B'bB B'bTpeWHOcTTa na nnanaaara Op'b~He(Ce~~lOrpailCKO). Bropara rOJlllMa 04Ja1l3HBa 6HJla no nOCOKa aa )I,pOOt'Ta (,lI.n, TYPHY CeBepHH) K'bM )l<eJIe311HTe BpaTH H OTTaM K'bM KOJloiuIllra CapMH3ereTY3a H AnYJlyM. B aauanoro aa 102 r. aarroxnano rOJillMoTo HaCT'bnJleHile no ~OJIHllaTa aa p. OJiT II .. B Ceaepua )I,06pY~lKa To ce nonnouaraao -II OT AYHaBCKaTa q,JlOTHJlHll, '1HHTO raauna npacraaauta C5HJIU Cexcaraara Flpncra (Pyce) H HOBHO~YIIYM (AH. Hcaxsa). Taxa B xpas na 102 r., xoraro saaspWHJIa I ~aKHHcKa BOHlla, PHMJllIHHTe ~OCTHrHaJiH na 30 KM no naaaauara Op smae. HOB03aB3eTHTe ,IlaKHHcKHseMH 6HJIH BKJllO'IeHH speaeano K'bM repHTopHHTe aa npouHHUHHTe I'opaa if ,Uo.1JHa MH3Hll. TIpe3 103--105 r. CTaHaJlO narpaacaaaero ua roJieMHH KaMeHeH MOCT npn ,Up06eTa OT apxa rexra Anononop OT ,l],aMacK. )I,'bJllKHHaTa na roaa C'bOp'blKeHHe 6H.13 1,2 KM C 20 MaCHBHH KaMeHHH CT'bJI60Be H C ~'bpBeHa ropaa xoncrpyxua a. Ilapaaenao C TOBa PIlMJlllHHTe YKpenHJIH paapyureaare xpenocrn H narepu re B HOBHTe 3eMH. B 1051'. aanosaana II ~aKIIMcKa BoHlla. ,Uelle6aJl 3anO'lHaJI na BO~H ~e¢laIl3uBHa TaK'fHKa. H apen C rOJ!€MUTe 3aryou B lKHBaCUJIa HOp'blKHe U OTKa3 sa rroaoui OT C'bI03IlHUHTe '1aCT OT ,lI.aKHii:cKaTa apacroxpauas npeMHHaJia na crpanara aa PHM. B'snpexa TOBa .il.eueOaJIBO)l,eJI cunpornua ao asrycr 106 r., xoraro H3J1paBeH rrpea B'b3MOlKHocrta OT nsaua KanHTYJlaJ1Hll ce caMoy6HJI. Taxa B xpas aa 106 r. aanonnana opranaaaua a na noxopeaare .lIaKHMcKH 3eMH H npeap sutaaero HM B pHMCKa npOBHIIUIIll.

CPE.il.HOBEKOBHH5IT tIEPBEH. T. 1. U,HT A.D.EJIAT A HA fP A,UA. C. BAH, 1985, 290 C.

B rrspaa TOM na nopenauara "Cpe)l,HoBeKoBHHlIT 4epBeH" ca 06HapOJl.BaHH pe3YJITaTlIre OT np oyxeaHHlITa aa unraaenara aa rpaaa - uona rauecxa ar, anuaaacrparasea II ~yxoBeH uearsp aa cpeanoaeKOBHII!! rpan, B aBTopcKHSI KOJIeKrHH YlJaCTBYBaT npoyxsarenare C. I'eopraesa, B . .il.IIMOB3, ,U. HBaHoB, B. Heuresa, a aa paapaooraarrero sa HllKOH B'bnpOCH ca npasaeaena TI. B'bJleB, it 3aHMOB H H. AHreJIOB.

TI. B'bJleB pasraexna reoaoro-reorpatpcxa-re ocoOeHOC!H OKOJlO 4epBeu (I'eoaoro-reorparpcxa nperJIe)l, ua paaoaa sa 4epBeH), a npop, fl 3auMoB - npoaaxona H 3HalleHHeTO na HMeTO 4epBeH (TIPOIl3. XO)l, H aaaseaae na CeJlH~HOTO liMe 4epBeH). C. I'eopraeaa B "H3BOPII II npOYlJBaHHlI" npaaa rrperaea na H3BOpH're, B KOHTO ce cp ema IIMeTO aa rpaaa, onucaaaara H nQ-K'bCIIIITe n'bTeIIIICII, B'b3pOlK.!lellCKaTa KHIIlKIIIIHa II 6'bJlrapCKaTa HCTop"onHC. Pa3- rJI~aHa e IICTopHlITa aa apXeOJlOrHlICCKIITe npOY'IBaHUll B 4epBeH.

B "PaHHII CeJJH~a. U,H ranen ara .lIO X II B." (c. 18-32) B • .il.HMoBa H n. HBaHoB pasraeacaar Hali·paHHoTo nOCeJIeHHe, CB'bpSaIlO C TpaKHTe. To cnopea apXCOJ!orH'IeCKHlI MaTepHaJI ce aapaaoia oure "B xpas aa 6POH30B3Ta HJlH HallaJIOTO na lKeJl1l3HaTa

9 Apxeoaoma, 1, 1988

Ilpena CM'bpTTa CH .il.eUH6a.1 ycnan na YKpHe 3JIaTOrO ua )l,aKlliicKoTO uapCTBO B HllKOJIKO .nemepn B nJlaHIIuara Op-smae, 06a'le npIIOJlHlKellHllT My BHKIIJlIIC H3.l1aJl MecraTa aa PHMJlllHHTe. Cnopea HllKOH H3TOq~ HHlllI pHMCKaTa trOHCKa ce saespuana B CTOJlHllaTa' C 50 000 p0611, 165 000 xr 3J1arO (3J1aTHa py.ziil Ii npenxera) H 331 000 xr cpe6po. B 107 r. 6HJI OTnpa3HYBaH II TPHYM¢' aa HMnepaTOp Tpasu C BHYWHTeJIHH rJ1a.llHaTopcKII oop611 (4941 .lIBoiiKH H 11 000 )l,HBII lKIIBOTHU). Ha BceKII BOHHHK Toii nonapax no 500 neaapa. MOHeTapHIIUIITe H3J1e3JIII C'bC cneuaaaaa eMIICHII MOHeTII H Me.n.aJlbOHH.

B 5 - Ten P H JI 0 lK e H H II B xpas ua K!iHrara ca K. llI.po6.eJI npasa H3CJle)l,BaHHlI B'bpXY CJIe.Il~. HHTe npo6JIeMH: 1. 3a HMeTO na )l,aKHikKoTO raasao MllCTO B nnaan aara Op surae II ornoureuaero MY K'bM aasaaaaero aa KOJIOHIIlI YJlnHlI TpaSlHaABrYCTa ,UaUHKa CapMH3ereTY3a. 2. YnpaBIITeJICTBOTO aa JIYUIIH JIHuuHHH Cypa B ,UOJIHa J'epxaaaa. 3. Me" ronuu re xpuroae aa Tpo4Jell B A.lIaM1MHcH. 4. BeJlelKKII K'bM oarapa B A)I,aMKJIHcH. 5. Enna HOBa, reaa aa HAenTllq,HKaUHllTa aa PHMcKHTe BoeHHH '1aCrH B'bpXY penepa aa Tpannoaara KOJ!OHa. BCII'IKU Te311 npa.nosseaa a ce asasar BalKIIII npaaoca B 113Y'IaBaaero ua PHldCKOTO BoeHHO )l,eJJO H acropa ara aa 3~ MHTe OT )l,BeTe crpaau ua cpenaus II ~OJlHUlI ,lI.YHaS npcs TIpIIHUHIIara.

K. llI.po6.eJI e 113)1,IIPIIJl H rrpoY'IHJI orpoaaa JlH~ reparypa H'bP xy aaaaxaaamara ro rrp 06J1 eM a 1'1i K3, KaTO e OTpa311J1 nOCTHlKeHH ara aa PYM'bHCKH re ap-, XeOJI0311. TOM B311Ma lICHH n03llUHH, a TaM, K'b~eTQ liMa ,lI.HCKYCHlI, rrpenpama K'bM C'bOTBeTHaTa JIHTeparypa, TpY.lI'bT e aanncaa aa BHCOKO HaY'IHO paeamne, H e ncneaea aa BCH'IKII OHe3U, KOHTO noaacroatnek Ii B 6'b)l,e~e ute npoyxsar )l,aKHiicKHTe BOHRII· aa H.M~ neparop Tpasn H ronorpaqraara na 60HHllre p,eit •.. CrBH!!·. '

• Kpart.x OT3HB aa csutara KHura :H3JUl3e .OT M. P. Speidel B: Bonner Jahrbucher, 1985 Band 185, p. 623-624.

PYMEH HBAHOB

enoxa (1200-1100 r. IIp. H.e.)", a pa3UBeT'bT MY' H sacaaeaare My KOHTaKTH C lIepHOMOpCKHTe KOJIOHI1H ce oraacar K'bM IV-XII B. np.H. e •• Ta3HKapTllua noaraps pe3YJITaTHTe or npoy'lBauero ua l:paKIIH", CKOTO CCJlH~e na Ilapeaeu B'bB B. T'bPIiQBO; K'b)l,er-O pe3YJITaTHTe ca ouie no-y6e~H'reJIHII.

PallHoBH3aUTIIHcKaTa xpenocr ua 4epllt'H e. pa3~ raeaaaa B CHCTeMaTa na nspsara' oCHoBHa JIIIIIIIHHa aaaeceaara aanpen BH3aHTHlicKa oropaaa. HaM-.lIO- 6pe sanaseaa e aaroxuara . xpenocrua creHac ue_ nop ra It ,lI.Bypal'<reHlla cl''bJl6a, KaTO ca YCTallOBeHH npenpasxu 01' aropara nOJlOBIIHa aa VI B. Ocsea KpenOCTHHTe C'bOp'blKeHIIll ca paaxpura II OCTaHKH OT lKHJfII~Hli crpana , H TYK (KaKTO· aa Ilapeseu) npaaa anesaraeaae MaJiKOTO OHTOB. MaTepn3JICIIBOllepna. xepaauxa C nPo4J"JIHpal p';o aa YCTHe;:o H nJlOCKH xauenapaua .lIP'blKKH. PaHHO.BII3all'rHH-; cxara KpenOCT e pa3PyweHa npes II'bpBaTa.flOJIOBII-Ha. aa VII B. II U30CTaBella.

)KIIBOThT B paspyurauara paHHOBH3aHTIIMCKa xpe-' nOCT e B'b300HOBen rrpea IX-X B. (OTHOBO ce 3a6eJl1l3Ba noaropeaae ua KapTHHaTa OT T'bPHOB) .. 3a panHOCpe)l,HOBeKOBHOTO CeJIH~e B. ,UIIMOBa H .il.. Hsanoe )l,OnYCKaT, lie e "II 311'bJi II aaan 0 3a~HTIIH !l>YHKUUII, 113nOJl3YBaHKH crapure aauapeaa paHHOBH3aHTltHCKII KpenOCTHH C'bOp'blKeHIIll" (c. 28),110 creneara na rxx- 1101'0 paspyiuaaaae cnopen MeR He e B noxsa ira rosa

npeanoaoscenae. Pa3KpHTH ca OC1'aHKH OT }KHJIIHl{a - nOJlY3eMJIlIHKH H ormnna, a aauepenare KepaMHllHH cpparMeHTH OT IX-X B, orHaCIIT )KHBOra na CeJIHw.eTO K'bM rosa speae. Ilpea XI-XII B. ca ycrauoseaa npenpasxn no paHHoBH3aHTHiicKaTa xpenocraa CTeHa (ome e)l.HH apryxear, 'le npes IX-X B. aaaapeaare xpenocraa C'bOp''b}KeHHH He ca 6HJIH H3n0Jl3YBaHH).

OCHoBeH paaaea B TOMa e paeorara aa B. L(HMOB3 "fpa)l.oycTpOHCTBO H ap xarexrypa na UHTaJJ,eJIa-ra aa L(epBeH npes XIII-XIV B." (C. 33-132). Pe- 3YJITaTHTe OT ,ll'bJlrOrO)l.Hl1lHHTe H3CJle,1(BaHHH nasar B'b3MO)KHOtr na aaropxara na "upOCJIe,llH B 06W.H JlHHHH pa3BHTHeTo na rpanoycrpoacreeaan 06JIHK naueaas rpaa H no-xoaxperao aa aer oaara UH raaeaa" (c. 33). Hapacrsanero aa rpaaa II <Xj>opMlIHeTO My KaTO "e)lHH OT HaH-Ba}KIIHTe nOJIIITH'leCKH, .n.YXOBHH H KYJlryPHH uearpoae aa Cpe.llHOBeKOBHa B'bJlrapHlI" cnopea B. L(HMoBa ce ,1l'bJI}KH aa HOBHre 06w.eCTBeHOnOJ\HTII'leCKH YCJlOBHlI H 6JIH30CTTa My .11.0 HOBaTa CTOJIHu;a' T'hpHOB. B. L(HMoBa npaBHJIHO paaraescaa cpenaosexoenaa L(epBeH KaTO e,llHHcH opraHH3'bM, cscrosm ce or TpH 'IaCTH; UHTa,1leJIa, yxpeneaa 30HH H npe)lrpa)lI'llI, nO,ll'lHHeHH aa 06IUa rpanoycrpoacrseaa cxeaa. Cnopen Hell TepH-ropH3JIHaTa cxeaa orrosap a aa COIlHaJiHaTa crpyxrypa aa aacenenae- 1'0 - B H3TO'lHara xacr, KOHTO rOCnO,llCrBYBa na rpa)la, ce HaMHpaJI ¢eO,1laJIHHlIT 3aM'bK, KOHro 3ae,1lHO C ,nPyrHTe 06w.ec,TBeHH nocrpoaxa o¢OPMlIJI rpaacxa a llenT'bp; B sanaaaara yxpeneaa xacr }KHBeeJIO sanaar'lHHCKO-T'bprOBCKOTO naceaenue, a axuear B rpanoYCTpOHc'rBOTO 6HJIa MHJ1l0nOJIHTCKara U'bpKBa; MaJIXUTe l{'bPKBIl 6HJlH axuear B KBapTaJIHTe H pa3HOO- 6pa311BaJIH TeXHHlI CHJlyeT (c. 33). B. L(HMoBa ortieJI1I3Ba, 'le rpanoycrpoacraeaara crpyxrypa aa tIepBeH e MHoro 6J1H3Ka )1.0 T'spnon H .lIJ!yrHTe cpeaaoiieKOBHH rpanose, KaTO pa3JIH'lHlITa ca nO,lltIHHenH npena BCH'IKO aa ocoeeaocrare na repeaa.

Ilpa apXeOJlOrH'leCKHTe npoysaanas B'b3 OCHOBa Ha crpararpatpcxa re Ha6JIIO,lleHHlI, CTpOHTeJIHa _ TexHHKa H nO,llBH)KHH, HaXO)l.KH ca YCTaHOBeHH 5 CTPOHreJIHHneplfO)l.a, Ilpea T_lJeTH sr, KOHTO B. L(HMoBa OTHaClI CJJe)l sexerpeceuaero B 1327 r., npu XOPOC3- HOBHTe I'pa)l.e)KH, YCTaHoBlIBa YCHJIBaHe na canrp asaara CHCTeMa, T, e. HaJIIIIle ca aHTHCeH3MHlJHH lexHHKH B CrpOHTeJICrBOTO (sa 1I0)l.06HO CTPOIlTeJICTBO B T'hPHOB B)K. JI. K B H H TO. CeH3M03aw.HTa B CTPOHTeJICTBOTO aa Cpe,llHOBeKOBHHlI T'hPHOB.MnK, 1985, 3, 19-23). OT.lIP.JJHO e paaraeaaaa YKperra renaara CHCTeMa ua uaraaeaara rrpes XIIIXIV B. (c. 45-62), KaTO e nOCOtleHO Ba}KHOTO MHCTO, KOCTO HMa L(epBeH B oT6paHHTCJIHaTa CHCTeMa na 6'hJlrapCKaTa .lI'bp}KaBa, TbH xaro e CB'hp3aH C'bC croaauara T'hPHOB, rpanosere no L(YHaB II L(epHoMopCKOTO Kpali6pe)KHC (c. 45). 06CTOiiHo ca pasraeaaaa OTAeJIHHTe '1aCTH H8 xpenocraara CTeHa, KYJlHTe, rroprare, cT'bJI6lfTe K'hM XO.ll.OBaTa rrs rexa aa crenara. K'bM ¢oPTH¢lIiKaUHOHHHTe C'bOP'b)KCHHlI e orneceao H; yxpeneaoro 8O.D.ocHa6.l1HTeJIHO csop saceaae (c. 46). 11311CHeHIf ca CrpOHTeJIHHTe lIepHO,1lH H rrperrpaaxa , nO)lp06Ho e pasraeaaaa sanaaaara KYJIa na Uli raaeJIaTa - e)lHH OT Haii-)l.06pe sanaaeaare 118MerHHllH na BTOPOTO I:i'bJIrapCKO uapcrao (c 55-65). B'h3 OCHOBa ua apXeOJlOrHlJeCKH 1I MaTepHaJI B. L(HMoBa Ii ycnana )l.a ycranoaa HaJlHlJHeTO na "BoeHHIi crpaaa" (e. 62-72); pasnoaoxeea Kpaii UHTa,1leJl8Ta, KOHTO cBli)l.ereJiCTflYBaT sa ,,3HalJHTeJIeH rpaacxa l'apHH30H" (c. 62). Harepec npencraannaar )lBeTe neum C npoIrnBO)l.CTBeHO npenaasaaxeaae, OT KORTO enaara naBHpHO eH3Ii0Jj3YBaHa aa roneae na MeTaJI (c. 70). Karo HMaMe npe)l.BH.lI. )l.aHHHTe aa nOJIYlJaBaHe na }KeJlH30 B L(epBeH (B}K. r. H JT. I' e 0 p r a es. Ap xeoJlOrHlJeCKH .llaHHH sa }KeJI1I30)l.06HBaHero B CeaepoH3TOlJHa B'bJirapHlI npea cpeaaare BeKOBe. _npHpoaa, 1955,KH. 5, 65~73), nemra e npa8HJIHO onpe.lI.eJIeHa, HO 6H Tp1l68aJlO nO-OT'leTJIIiBO )l.a ce pasrpaHHlJaT nepHo)l.HTe H8 CTPOHTeJICTBO H C'bw.eCTBYBaHe, raxa KaKTO e aanpaaeao sa rroxeuteaae N2 1.

B "fpa)K,llaHCKa apxarexrypa" (c. 72-102) no.llP06HO ca pasroreaaaa YJIHlJHaTa Mpe)Ka, 3aM'hK'bT, 06IneCTBeHO-a)l.MHHHCTpaTHBHHTe· crpaaa, }KHJIUW.-

66

HRTe H cronaacxa crpana H BO.llOCHa6,!lllBaHero. TaxHOTO YCTaHoBlIBaHe H U311CHlIDaHe e npHHOC lie caao B npOYlJBaHeTO aa L(epBeH, HO H aa Cpe)l.HOBeKOBHHH 6'bJIrapCKIi rpan. Pa3KpHBaHe.l.0 na YJIIi'lHa Mpe}Ka B rpanosere BO,1lH .11.0 H311CHlIBaHe HHa THXHOTO rpa)l.OYCTPOHCTBO. Ilpoysnaaero B T'hPHOB (B)K. M. L( 0 JIMOB a - JI Y K a HOB C K a. YJiji'lHaTa MpC}Ka sa Ilapeeeu npes XIII-XIV B . ..:..., Bexose, 1981, 4, 70-74), JIoBelJ H Fleprrnx (B)K. A. L( a H rOB a. K'hM B'hnpOCa aa YCTpoiicTBOTO na Cpe)l.HOBeKOBHHH 6'hJlrapcKIi rpaa. -B: ApXHTeKTYpara Ha n'bpBaTa H Bropara 6'bJIrapCKa ,ll'hp)KaBa. C., 1975, 96-99) Ii ocodeao pe3YJIraTHTe OT L(epBeH ca Ba)KlIO rpazaso B rasa HaCOKa. Cnepea B. L(IiMoBa oq,opMIIHeTO aa yJIUlJHaTa Mpe}Ka B L(epBeH ce OTHaCH caen BTOPOTO paspymasaae npes n'bpaars nOJlOBHH8 HS XIV B., T. e,

. npes rpeTHlI crpoareaea nepaoz; C OCHOBBmre SBTOPK8T8 0T6eJI1I3l!a, 'Ie "YJIH'IHIITS Mpe)K8 ~ SKTHSeHeJIeMeHT B 6.naroycrpoHcTBOTO (H B rpBAoycrpoiiCTBOTOI - 6. M., A. 1vI.) sa tpa.ll.a" (C. 72). Ba}KeH H3BO.ll., .11.0 KOHro CTHra B. L(HMOBa, e, 'Ie asrpaaoiaaero na YJIHUHTe npentnecrayaa sacrpoasaaero, a TOBa cnopea MeH e CBH)l.eTCJICTB03a npeasapa TeJIHa rpanoycrpoacraena H.lIell IIpH <Xj>0PMHHero ua cpe)l.HoBeKOBHIi11 rpaa ••

3HalJliTeJIHO Mllcro e OT)l.eJIeIlO na 3aM1.K8 rra ¢eO,1laJlHHH snaneren, pa3nOJlO)KeH B aanaaaas KpaH sa UHTa)l.eJI8Ta (c. 7~-86). H311ClleHO e nJIaHOBOIO peureaae, erana re na usrpaaotaae II ¢YHKuHOHaJIHOTO npeaaaaaaxeaae aa O'C)l.eJIHHTe noaeuteaa H, KoeTO e C'bw.eCTBeH npaaoc B H3Y'IaBaHeTO aa ¢eO.llaJlHIiH 3aM'hK B HaUlHTe 3eMH Ii HerOBHTe ocoeeaocra. Pa3- KpH1'Hl'e oemecrseao-anaaaaerparnsuu crpaaa MOrar C OCHOBaHHe aa ce CB'hp}KaT C rpaacxara a.ll.MHHHCTpaUHH (c. 86-90). Pa3KpHTHTe B UHTa,lleJIara )KHJlHllla ca 06oc06eHH B HHKOJIKO xaap raaa. Pa3fJIe)l.aHO e CHTYHpaHeTO, CTpOIiTeJIHaTa reXHHK8 H B'bTpeUlHOTo YCTpoiicTBO, asnpexa OCK~)l.HH1'e .lIaHHH. C'blUeCTBeH npHHOC npeacraaaasa pa3JJ:eJ!'bT 38 BO,llocHa6)1.HBaHeTo (c. 100-103),K'h)l.eTo C pasraeaaao pa3KpHTOTO BO.ll.OcHa6.l1HreJIHO C'hOp'h}KeHHe. To HMa 06W.H 'IepTH C pasxparare B T'hPHOB nO.ll.o6HH C'bOP'h}KCHHH rrpu T. Hap. BaJI)l.YIiHOBa KyJl8 (B. B 'h JI 0 B. BO.ll.ocHa6- .llllBaHeTO Ha cpe)l.1I0BeKOBHliTe 6'hJlrapCKH rpa)l.oBe H KpenOCTH (VII-XIV B.). - ApXeOJIOrHH, XIX, 1977, I, 14-30) H IO)KHO OT MaHacTHpa "BeJIHKaTa .naspa'' (A T. non 0 B. Yxpenea BO)lOCHa6)1.HTeJICIi "POXO)l. OT Ilapeaeu no pexa 51HTpa. - MnK, XXV, 1985, 3, 14-16). nO.ll60pHO e pasraeaaua U'hpKOBHaTa ap xarexrypa (c. 103-122) - cpaBHHTeJIHO .lI06paTa aanaaeaocr na U'hpKBHTe, 60raraTa HM ,1leKOpaTIiBHOnJIaCTHlJfIa yxpaca, CTpOHTeJIHa TeXHHKa H MaTepuaJIIi onpeneaar lJepBeHCKHTe U'hPKBH KaTO HCTHHCKH 6HcepH B or-sp nauara na 6'bJIrapCKaTa U'hpKOBHa apxarexrypa.

B xparxoro, CliHTe3HpaHO 3aKJIIOlJeHHe (c: 121- 122) B. L(HMoBa nasa OCfIOBHHTe H3BO,llH OT npoyuaaHero, OT KOHTO oc06eHO Ba)KHIi ca: xe rpa)l.'h'r "olUe OT HalJaJIOTO (aa BTOP01'O 6'hJIrapcKO uapcrao - 6. M., A. AJI.) aanoxsa )l.a ce 1I3rpa}K,1la no onpeaeaena rpaaoycrpoacraeaa cxeua'': 'Ie "nJIaHOBOTO pa3BHTHe na rpaaa rspna eBOJIIOUHlI" H 'Ie "npIiTe)KaBa BClIlJKH eJIeMellTlI na e)l.liH ,1l06pe naanapaa Ii peryaapaa rpaa" - tiepTH ,,06lUoBaJIH.II.HIi aa Cpe.llHOBCKOBIiIiIi 6'LJIrapcKH rpaa'' (c. 122).

Bropara sacr na KHHraTa e nOCBeTeHa aa cronauCKaTa )l.eiiHocT, KaTO e oroeJI1I3aHO, 'Ie MaTepHaJIIiTe, "KOIiTO xapaxrepasapar+raaa .lIeHHOCr, ca OT xpax Ha XIV B." (c. 132). OT C1'OUaHCKaTa .lIeHHOCT CrI'eopraena pasraezcaa "fp'hHlJapCTBO'fQ". Ome B nasaJIOTO TlI oroeJI1I3Ba, 'Ie B ,.UIiTa.lleJIara He ca orxpara rJ!'hH'IapCKH IIPOli3BO,llCTBefIH C'bOp'h)KeHHlI", a cauo TpHKpaKH 1I0CTaBKH aa H3nHlJaHe HII crpaqsrro xepasraxa (c. 133). KepaMIIKaTa e pasneaeua aa ){BC rOJIeMIi rpyrm: 06HKHOBeHa Kep(JMHKa Ii xY.llO}KeCTseua xepauaxa. 3ana3eHa e cxexara Ii KJIaCIi¢HKaua ara npn KCpa~!HKaTa OT uapcxa a naopeu B T'b'PHOB (pasraeaaaa C'bW.O OT C. Feopraesa), KoeTO H nasa B1>3MO)KHoc:r na rrpann C'hnOCraDKH npa pasraessnaHeTO ua xepaeacxara xepaxaxa. 3acrpa!f>IiTo xepaMHKaTa or L(cpBeli C. J'eopruesa oT6eJI1I3Ba, tIe ce

xapaxrepnsapa C .. nO-rOJlSlMOTO pa3H006pa3He aa MOTlIBH're H no-ronaaa csoeona npn HaHaCSIHe aa KJIaCH'IeCKHTe OpHaMeHTH, KaKBHTO ca aanp. poserara, nanaerara, paaeoas r H np , B CpaBHeHHe C T'bpHOBCKaTa Crpa4lHTO xepauaxa" (c. 141), a raxa C'bIlJ,O H nO-rOJISIAIaTa rrscrpora npn HaHaCSlHeTO na uBeTHHTe I'JIa3ypH. B'b3 OCHOBa aa KepaMH'IHaTa npO,ll.YKUHSI C. Feopruesa CTHra ,lI,0 H3BO)l.a, 'Ie ,,4epBeH ce Hape)l{)l.a MelK)l.Y HaH-ro.1eMHre npOH3BO'!{CTBeHH uearpoae B 6'bJIrapCKHTe 3eMH npes Cpe,ll,HOBeKOBHeTO" (c. 154). Paoorara ua C. I'eopraesa e 60raro HJIIOCTpHpaHa C'bC CHHMKIf, PHCYIiKH 11 Ta6JIHUlI, xpars« KaTaJIOr (c. 162 __ 164), ~o .nancara ua nporpa na 3aTpY,Il.HSlDa n'b.riHoo.eHlfOIl'OH H3nOJI3YBaHe. Caopea MeH HSIK01( OT csnoaere H 4IparMeHTH re, BKJI'Io'leHH K'bM cpennoBeKOBHaTa xepaxaxa, HMaT MaJIKO nO-K'bCeH npOH3- XO,i\ (uanp , 06p. 57, 06p.60), a raxa C'bIlJ,O H $parMeHTHTe OT aaoces $aSlHc (06p. 61).

OCTaHaJIHTe aaaaara ca pa3I·JIe)l.aHH OT B. Heureaa B .. MeTaJIo06pa60TBaHe, IOBeJIHpCTBO, npeaanecrao, ruHBa'leCTBO, T'bKaIJecTBo U oeyurapcrao. 06pa60TKa aa KOCT, )I'bpBo06pa60TsaHe. CeJICKO CTonaHCTBO H pu60JIos" (c. 166-214). 3a paaan raero na MeTa.'IO- 06pa60TBaHeTo aSTopKaT3 ce noaosaaa rra H3CJIC)l.BaHHSlTa na r. HJI. I'eopraes, a 3aHaSlT'bT n UHTa)l.eJIaTa e paaraenau D'b3 ocaosa na npO)l.YKUH ara, paaaeneaa na rpyrm B 3aBliCHMOCT OT npeanaaaaseaaero. Cnopea MeH rrpa onpeneaaae npeaaaanaueauero aa HSiKOH npeaxera ca )l.onYCHaTH HeTO'lHOCTH: aanp. anaaxaUIISITa aa KJIIO'IaJIKa (06p. 21 a, c. 176) e 3B'bH'I.e C xapaxrepna a npopea sa nO)l.06pSiBaHe na .. 3.B¥~a, 8JIe6aP.llaTa (06p. 32, c. 183) e HOIK aa KO}l{a,K()I;f'fO HMa aHaJIOrHH C nO)l.06HH 1I01K0Be OT T'bPHOB H XOTHHua (BIK. it A JI e K C H e B. Ilapeerpaa T'bPHOB. 2 (peUeH3HSI). - ApXeOJIOrHSI, XVIII, 1976, 2, 58-62), ,lI,seTe oruasa (06p. 9 a H B, c. 170) HMaT ('»JlHO H30- CTpeHH B'bpXOBe, KOHTO rH npaaa HeY)l.06HH 3a XBauiaae H Y)l.pSlHe B'bpXY KpeM'bKa. CeJICKOTO cronanCTBO B. Heuresa pa31'JIeIK)l.a B'b3 OCHOBa aa OTKpHTHTe 3eMe,lI,eJICKH cexaaa: MOTHKH, xocepa, cspn, 6pa,ll,BH

H ronopa. Cnopen MeH 3eMe)!.eJICKHTe cesasa, OTKpHD8HH n rOJleMH rpancxa uenrpoae KaTO T'bPHOB H 4epBeH, HeBHHarHTpSl6Ba ,lI.a ce pa3rJIeIK,lI.aT C'bC 3eMC,lI.eJIHeTO - Te nO-CKOpO ca np0.llYKUHSI na KOBawKHH 3aHaSiT (sa KOHTO B 4epBeH HMa n xareropH'IHH apXeOJIOrH'IeCKH ,lI.aHHH). B KpaTKOTO 3aKJlIOsenne B. HeweBacTHra ,lI,0 H3 aona, 'Ie ,,3aHaSiTHTe ca OCHOBHHSlr nOMHH'bK na IKIITeJIHTe na rpana", xaro OT6eJISl3Ba, 'Ie np0.llYKUIISITa aa '1epBeHCKlITe MUHCTOPH e H3pa60TBaHa C .. rOJISIMO YMeHHe,. rex- ~ HH'IeCKH H XY,lI.OlKeCTBeHH xasecraa" (c. 214). HeonpaB,lI.8HO cnopea MeH e nponycaaro KaMeHO,ll.eJICTBOTO H KaMeHHaTa nJIaCTHKa - e,lI,HH 3aHaSiT MHoro ,lI.06pe pa3BHT B 4epBeH, sa KoeTO cBH,Il.eTeJlCTBYBaT MHor06poHHHTe apxHTeKTypHO-,lI.eKOpaTHBHH aeTaHJIH H HSIKOH naMeTHHUH na K8MeHHaT8 nJIaCTHKa (<RHrypaTa aa all rea , raasara na cseren, HSiKOH JIa:

nanapaa aaanaca H np.). Bacnyra ua paeorara sa Heuresa e, ne B'b3 OCHOBa aa Cpe$H.I\~HP (_~CK~eH MaTepHaJl e C'bYMSlJIa ,lI,a osep rae B9PHO:CxOIlaHCKIIstr

06J1HK na cpe,ll,IKlBeKOBHHSI 4epBeH. •

}l. HBaHoB paarneaeta "Ha,ll.rp06HH naMeTHHIlH H norpeeeaaa" (C. 217-235). OTKpliTHTe OT 4epBeH KaMeRHH Kp'bCTOBe TOM pa3,l1,eJISI aa '1eTHpH rpyna, nO,ll.06HH n8MeTHHUH OT ,i\PyrHTe rpancxn uenrpoae aa BropOTO uapcrso, BKJIIO'IHTeJIHO H CTOJIHuara. ca Hen03HaTH. npOY'IBaIieTO aa HeKpOnOJIHTe B T'bPHOB noacxaasa 3a C'bllJ,eCl'BYBaHeTO ua Ha,ll,rp06HSI, HO OCTaHKH OT TSiX He ca OTKpHrH. B T03H CMIIC'bJI Ha,ll,rp06HHTe Kp'bCTOBe OT 4epBeH uie noaoraar sa pemasaaero na: Te~H B,onjl'ocl(. HI{TepeceH e $aKT'bT, 'Ie re ca H3n0JI3YBaHH ,lI.O cpeaara aa XIV B., a CJle,ll. TOBa npu HOBOTO ~i'POliteJi~Tilo:-RP$ sropara nOJlOBHHa na X IV B. ca arpaaenn B' xpenocraara CTeHa, U'bPKsure H 4IeO,ll.aJlHHSI 3aM'bK (c. 218).

H. AHrMoB pasraeacaa .. Ha,ll,nHCH,MoH9rpaMH, 6YKBH H 3HaUH" (c. 236-213). Asropl,t-0T(jeJIH3Ba, 'Ie "nOpa)l.H rOJISIMOTO HM pasaooepaane aaanacare ca rpynapaaa no MeCTOHaMHpaHe, a He ca 06e,ll.HHeHH TeMaTH'IHO" (c. 236). 0T6fJUI3aHO e, 'Ie uaanacare ce xapaxrepasapar C ,lI,06po, KpaCHBO o4IopMSlHe H H3nHCBaHe ua 6yKBHTe H MHoro JIHraTypH. B .. MOHO" rpaua, 3HaUH II 6YKBH aspxy ,lI,'bHa OT rJIHHeHH cs,lI.OBe" ca paaraenaaa ,lI.BI.I noarnaaypeaa MOHorpaMH C HMeTO "MH XaHJI", KOHTO HMaT MHoro 6JIH3KH napaneaa C MOHorpaMllre B'bpXY BH3aHTHHckaTa crpa$wro xepaausa (BIK. A .71. K Y 3 e B. Cpe,ll,HOBeKOBHa.· crpa$HTO xepauaxa C MOHorpaMH OT Bapaa. I1HM Bapaa, X/XXVI, 1974, Ta6JI.21-23) H cnopea MeH HMat HeC'bMHeHO BH3aHTHHcKH npOH3XO,ll.. HHTepecHQ samo AHI-MOB He T'bPCH napaaeaa C BH3aHTHHCKaTa xepaMHKa, a I'll cpasaasa C narranapua naMeTHHUH. Pa60- rara aa AHI'eJIOB e npH,lI;PYlKeHa C'bC CHHMKH H' PHCYHKH (npopnca) na nannacare, KoeTO ,lI.asa B'b3M6)J(HOCT na ce np oaep ar '1eTeHHSlT8 ua aBTopaH nosanraea

Ka'leCfBaTa Ha uy6JIIIKaUIISlTa. .

"MOHeTHre OT UHTaAMara" ca. paaraeaaaa OT B. }lHMoBa (c. 273-286), KOSITO oT6e.nSl3Ba, 'Ie 6POSIT aa MOHeTII.Te He e rOJISlM, HO re ca TB'bp,ll,e paaaopoaaa H TOBa ,lI.aBa B'b3MOIKHOCT ,lI,a ce rrpocneaa XpOHOJIOrH'1eCKH JKHBOT8 B uaraneaara (c. 273).. .

BCH'IKH paaaena canpH,lI.PYlKeHH C Kpa:TI{H pe- 3IOMeTa aa PYCKH H $peHcKH, xoero YJleCHSIBa n0Jl3Y-

BaHeTO OT '1YIK,lI,H cneIl.HaJlHCTH. .

0611J,aT3 crpyxrypa na 1'OMa My npaaaaa MOHO-

rpa4lIi'lHOCT He3aBHCHMO OT HeMaJIKHSI' aBTopeJi:1i

KOJIeKTHI'I.

HCKaM ,lI,a oT6eJIeJKa, 'Ie B n'bpBHSI TOM aa nopeaanara ... Cpe,ll.HOBeKOBHHSlT lJepileH. Ilaraaenara' aa rpaaa" asropare ca ycneJIH,lI,a HH npe,lI,CTaBHT .e,ll,H]~ OT Haif-3Ha'lHTeJjHHTe nearpoee H8 Broporo 61>JlrapCKO uapCTBO, 'Ie TOM'bT e. ycneunro Ha'laJIO aa. nope)J.HuaTa.

AOP.z:tAH AJIEKtHEB

IX Me>K].lYHapO].leH xoarpec no rp'suxa H JIaTHHCKa enarpadiaxa

-OfalIiBryCT AO 7 cell'reMBpH 1987 r. B_ CocllHH ce nposene IX Me}KJI,YHap~1J.eH xoarpec 110 rp10UKaH Jla}ikTCKa enHrpacllHKa; B Hero saexa Y'f3CTHe OKOJlO 160 'IY}K1J.ecTpaHHH ,ii.eJieraTH OT 23 crpaaa H OKOJlO ItO 61.JirapcKH. Y'IeHH.

• - B'LJlrapcKHHT opraHH3aUHOHeH KOMHTeT (npeacenarea npOcll. 1J.-p feOprH MHxaHJloB, 3aM.-npe1J.ce~aTeJtH: np0cll. IJ.-p AJleKcalf1J.1op <l>OJl HCT.H. c; PYMeH I<aTHH'IapOB, 'r'enepaJleH-CeKpeTap npo4l. Beaasap BMKOB H '1J1eHOBe 'IJI. KOp. BeceJlHH Benresaaea, IJ.OU. JI. feTOB, 8K81J.. BJl8)lHMHP Feopraes (noltHHRJlnpe3 1986 r.), CT. H. C,_ MHjeaHJI JIasapoB, CT.H.C. BaCHJlKa fepaCllMosa-ToMoaa, 1(00.. BJl31J.HIJ.HMHP OonOB, npotIJ. BOPHC I'epoa, JlPo4l. IJ.-P MaprapuTa T'aneaa, ppocll. I<lIPHJI BJiaXOB) nOIJ.rOTBH H opr-aaasapa HaY'IHa nporpaua, KOHToce. 01JlHlf3BaWeoT nporpaMHTe aa IJ.OCeramHHTe K9HrpeCH. TIpeIJ.BH}KIJ.axa ce caxo nJleHapHH 3aceAaHHJI no npeaaapareano npae-Til TeMH H caao B eIJ.HH IJ.eHIJ.Be ceKUHOHHH 3aCeIJ.aHHH, H 10 cauo aa HOBOOTKpHTH HaJl,nHCH H no HJlKOH OTIJ.eJlHH S1onpocu, H3B'bH (lCHOBHaTa TeMaTHKa.

-, fhpBaTa TeMa 6e: EBKCHHCKHHT . nOHTH CpeIJ.H3eMHOMopCKHHr CBHT H enHrpatIJHKaTa, npencraseaa spec ~OKJlaIJ.Hie aa: IOpH BHHOrpaIJ.OB (CCCP) - t{epHOMopHeTO KaTO noJlHTH'IeCKa, HKOHOMH'IeCKa H KYJIrypna 06~Hocr; H. EpxaPIJ. (<I>Pf) ....... ' -{10JlHTH'IeCKHTe OTHOlIleHHH Me~IJ.Y - rpsuxa-re KOJfOHHH B LfepHOMopCKa Ta 06J1acT H TeXHHTe MeTpOnOJlHH; M. X a,U30nyJlOC (f'bpUHH) - EBKCHHCKHHT TIOHT H Cpe.ll.H3eMHOMopCKHlIT (,BHT.

BTOpaTa reua 6e: TIOJlHTH'IeCKH CTPYKTYPH B PHMCKHlI CBHI H enHrpatIJHKaTa, npencraeena xpea .'I.OKJlaAHre aa: f. <l>aIac (HcnaHHH) - ITOJlHTH'leCKHTe CTpyKTypH npes enoxara ua peny6JJHKaTa; P.POCH (HTaJIHH) - TIOJIHTHlJecKHte CTpYKTYPH npes enOX8Ta H8 npaunanara (panaata pH!>fCKa HMnepHlI), ua B. BeJiKOB (B'LJtrapHH) - TIOJIiITHlJCKHTecrpYKryPH npes Kscaara pHMCKa RMIlepHH;

Tperara rexa 6e: OHOMaC'fHKa H enarpaqiaxa: aBTOXTOHHO na(,MeHHe H '1Y*AecTpaHHa HMHrpaUHlI C 1J.OKJlaAH OT - O. MacoH (<I>paHUHH) aa MlflIHCTHlJeCKaTa enoxa, OT H. COJlHH (<I>HHJlaH1J.HlI)

sa PHMCKHH CBHT, OT F.' Cannepc (BMrHH) sa K'bCHOpHMCKaTa ,!l'bp}KaBa.

LfeTB'bpTaTa reva 6e: KopnYCH. c6HpKH enRrpatlJcKH Hap1o'lHHUH B nponec aa pa60Ta H B npoexr, TIo Ta3R rena 6e 1J.OKJlaABaHO aa paoorara no OCHOBHHTe xopnyca aa JlaTRHCI(HTe H craporp suxare HaAnHCH, npOH3XO}K.na~n OT PHMCKHTe npoBHHUHH H 01' eJlHHCKR re 1I0.iJHCI{ R 06J1acTH. .lJ,oKJla1J.1I8Ha 6e H paoorara no nOArOTOBKaTa ua JI8- THHCKHTe Hal(RHCH, OTKpHTH B BMrapna (Kp. BaHeB), KaKTO H H306- mo sa C'bCTOHHHeTO aa enHrpatp~ CKHTe npoyxaaaaaa H81I1aTa -crpaaa (f. MHXaHJIOB H B. BeJlKoD). B'bB sp'ssxa C TOBa CJle1J.lIa IJ.3 ce oT6eJIe}KH, 'Ie B nOCJleAHHlI TOM aa OCHOBHOTO cnacaaae no enarpaqmK3 "EnorpatIJHK8", H3,1WJ,eHO 3aT()3H xoarpec, e ny6J1HKYBaHa 1I0AP06H8 CTaTOH aa UOCTH}KeHHHra aa enHrpatIJHKa18 B· BMrapHH sa nocaeaaoro lleCeTHJIeTRe (OT B. BeJlKOB). BHxa AOKJlaABaHH H ,IlpyrH npoexra aa 'reMaTH'IHH KOpnycH- aanpaaep sa xopnyc H3 rp'bUKH IOpH1J.HQeCKH lIallnHcH, na CTapOrp'LUKHTe ens rp aMH H 1J.p.; .llOKJla,llB3HO ele H C'bCrOHHHeTO no H3IJ.aSaHbo na Ilposonorpaeas ra na PRMCKaT3 HMnepHlI; C~O R no nposonorpaeaara aa TpaKRilcKHTe BJl3;ZJ.e-reJiH (M. Tasesa):

K'bM 1a3H TeM3THKa cnana H npo6JleMaTRKaTa OKOJIO CHCTeMat3 aa elIHrp3t1JcKHTe SHaUH, paarneIJ.aHa spea aaa AOKJlaAa: H8 IJ.-P JIa1J.HCJIaB BHIJ.MaH (LfexocJIOB8KHH) H A-P XaHC Kpyapan (f.ll.P).

B ,UBe ceKUHH, 3aCe1J.3Ba~H napaJlMHO, 611xa H3HeceHH aayxaa C'b06~eHHlI aa HOBOOTKPHTR H81J.nRCH OT BCH'IKH paiiOHH H3 aHTH'IIIHlI CBlIT. TYK 6Hxa BKJllO'IeHH H peaaua C'b06Il(eHHH na 6'bJlrapcKH Y'IeHH 33 Haii-HHTepeCHHTe HOBH enHrpacllcKH HaxOAKH Y Hac: OT paaona na K'bPA}KaJlH (HeH3BeCTHo CBeTHJlI{~e aa Apec Cyperer) OT B. Haaneaoaa; OT Aarycra Tpasna (,UH. Crapa 3aropa) aa Ha1J.nRC, csoemaaam aa "3AHraHe 118 Mara3HHH aa xpaHHTMHH CTOKH, OT .lJ,. HHKOJlOB; OT MOHTaHa (AH. MHXaHJlOBrpa,ll) 3a HaIJ.nHC, H3AHrHaT no nOBOIJ. npHKJllO'IBaHeTO na ycneureu J10B aa 6H30HH H MeQKH, npeanaaaaseaa 33 HMnevaTopCKH· Te 3pMHIl(a, OT B. BeJIKOB H

f. AJleKCaH1J.pOB; aa H81J.rp06HH nannacn OT HOlle (.Illt. CBH~OB) OT B. B01KHJlOBa; o606~eHlle aa lfaJ].IIRCHTe 38 repysuxra B TpaKHH, OT B. I'epacauoaa- TOMOBa; no HHKOH B1onpOCR, nOBAHrHaTH-B aaanacn, OTKPHTH B QepHOMOpCKHTe KOJlOHHH H H3HeceHH B c1006~eIlHlI OT 3J1. I'ouesa, JI. OrHeHOBa-M8pHHOB8, M. Jlaaapoa; sa Ha.llnHCHTe Bbp-XY MOHeTRTe OT Ka6Ho1teOT .lJ, • .lJ,paraHoB; 6eJie}KKH no Ha.llnHCH, npOH3XO}KIJ.aw.H OT Tpaxaa, OT .lJ,. BOH1J.}KHeB H P. JIa30B; aa nanapyca C orJle.ll H3 THXHOTO 3HalJeHHe 33 acropas'fa na TpaKHlI OT I B. 01' H. TOAOVOB; 33 Ha.'l.nHC 01' HHKOnOJlHC a,U I1CTPYM B'bB npuaxa C xapaepa HacJlY}Ke6HH J1Hlta, CB'bp3aHH C opr8aH3auHHT8 na raaaaaropcx» arpa H APyrH 3peJlHll{8 OT TeotlmJl HBaHoB HAP.

HHTepeC npenaasaxaxa C'b06- ~eHHHTa H8 npo4l.- P06ep ETHeH R aa aeroaare eMpY,UHHUH (tllP3HUHH) nOB'bnpOC8 aa H3nOJJ3yoaHeT() na KOMnlO1'pH aa KJlaCH41HKaIlHlI H CHCTeM3TH3aUHH aa aHTR'IHHTe Ha1J.nReR. no T03H asnpoc e nonnacaa 1J.OrOBOp c BAH 33 CbBMeCTHa paeora C 6'bJlrapcKH enn-

rpat!lR. -

DJlarOlJ.apeHRe na cnOH30pCTBGTO na UeH'I"bpa sa HCTOPHH .,.lJ,l'eSHa 61lJlKaHcK8 3eMH" CTaRa B'b3MOlKHO Orne'l3TBaHeTO aa r. I 01' AKTHTe H3 xoarpeca, c'bIJ.'hp}Ka~ 8 'OT II OCHOBH-H 1J.OKJla,!l8 H 0~e29 Hay'lHH c'b06~eHHH OT 6bJirapCKH H '1Y}K,!{ecTpaHHH YQeHH (Acta Centri Historiae. Terra anti qua Balcanica. II = Actes du IXe congres international d'epigraphie grcque et latine. T. I. S., - 1987,

p. 334).

Ha xoarpeca 6ax8 H3HeCeI!H K'bM 90 Hay'lHR C'b06ll(eHHlI. Te3H, KOHTO He ca ny6.1IHKYBaHR II T. I, me H8MepHT MaCTO B T. II OT AKTHTe aaeaao C npOTOKOJla aa caaas xoarpec.

TIpH OTKpHB8HeTO aa xonrpeca TpHMa YQeHH 611xa narpaneHi! C nO'IeTHHH Mel(aJI na CY "KJlHMeHT OXPHACKH" 33 onpeaeJlellH sacayra J(1oM 6'bJlr8p£KaT8 HaYKa: CT. H. C. OT AH CCCP IOPH BHHorpa,!{OB. npoq» .lJ,}KaHKapJlO Cy3HHR OT YHHBepCHTeTa B BeJlOHH (P'bKOBOAHTeJl na HTaJIH8HCKIIH eKHn B 6'bJirapo.HTaJlHaHCKH-

re pa3KOnKH B PaUHapIHI, AH. C. Apsap, BHJl.HIICKO) H 4lpeHCKHH ynea npoe. Mapcen JIbOTJIe. reaep anea cexperap aa MelK,'lYHap~AHaTa aCOUH3UHH no rp~UKa ~ JIaTHHCKa enHrpa41HKa.

ITo apexe na peAOBHaTa Feaepanna acaM6J1en aa aCOUHaUHnTa no rp suxa H JIaTIIHCKa enarpa-

qmKa npo<jl. f. MHXaHJlOB 6e npeH36paH e)l.HHOAYWHO aa npence)laTeJI na ACOUHaUHnra H aa caeaBaw,Hn MaH)l.aT, a npoq,. B. BeJI-KOB - aa 'IJIeH aa Bioporo aa ACOUHaUHllTa_

B 3aKJII0'lH rea HO ro saceaauae aa xoarpeca csp POHaJlA CaUM or BpHraHCKaTa aKa)l.eMHH aa aa-

YKHTe nonxepra npanoca H3 IX xosrpec no rp suxa H. Jla'fHHCKa enHrpaqmKa B enHrpacpcKlira aayxa H MHoro ,1{06paTa opraHH3aUHH, ocsuiecrseaa 01' B~JIrapCKaTa akaAeMHH na HaYKHTe H. KOMHTeTa aa xyarypa,

B. BEJ1KOB

XXXII H8UHOH8JIH8 KOHclJepeHUHSI no apxeonoras B Pasrpan

01' 11 )l0 14 Mali 1987r. ApXeOJIOrH'IeCKHSIT HHCTHTy'!' C My- 3eA npa BAH, .Ll.O "KYJlTYPHOHCrOpH'IeCKO lIaCJleACTBO" npn KoMHTeTa aa xynrypa, OKp'bIKHH~T C'bBeT aa xyarypa II OKp'bIKHa )lHpei<UHSI "KYJITYPHO-HCTOpH'IeCKO HaCJIe)lCTBo".B Pasrp aa opr aaaaapaxa X XX I I HaUHOHaJIHa KOHcjJepeHUHSI 110 apXeOJIOrHSI. Baxa OT'IeTeHH pe3YJlTaTHTe OT ap xeonorH'IeCKHTe p asxonxn H npoyxeaHHSI npes 1986 f.l

XXX II HaUIIOHaJIHa KOH<jlepeHUHSI no apXeOJIOfHSI 6e oTKpHTa OT )l.HpeKTOpa ua ApXeOJlOfH'IeCKHSI HHCTHTYT C MY3eA axaa . .Ll.. AHreaos. ToA H3T'bKHa fOJISIMaTa apxeOJIOrH'IeCKa ,Il,eilHOCT ua 6DJ1rapCKHTe. apXeOJI03H npea 1986 f. H3 USlJIaTa crpaua H nonsepra ocooeno 3I1a'leHHeTO aa apxeoaofH'IeCKHTe paaxonxa aa repnropnara na OKP'bf Pasrpaa B 06- mara apxeoacrnxecxa KapTHHa na aamara crp ana.

Be noaaeceuo npasercrane OT HMeTO aa OK na BKIT H aa HK na OHC B Paarpaa.

ITo Tpa)l.HUHSI II~PBOTO sacenaHHe aa apxeonorasecxara KOHcjJepeHlJ,HlI 6e IIOCBeTeHO aa apxeonOfH'IeCKHTe paaxonxa H npoy'lBaHHSI aa TepHTopHHTa aa oxp'sr-a)lOMaKHH, B cnY1laSi aa Pa3rpa,Il,CKH OKpU. T. HBaHOB (Pasrpaa) npenCTaBH npOY'lBaHHSlTa B o6JiaeTTa na npaHcTQPHSITa. KOJIeKTHB~T, npoysaam OT,IlenHH 06eKTH aa rpaKHiicKUSI . KOMIJJIeKC "C60pSlHoBo" KpaA c. Caeniapa - )l. I'eproaa, A. B3JIKaHcK3. T. C,.OSlHOB (AHM) H T. HBaHOB (P2.3rpall),npe)lCTaBH spes rnaBHHH P'bKOB,OllHTeJI M. 4H'IHKOaa pe3YJITaTHTe OT Te3H npoY'IBaHIISI. Panon-sr IIa neue cneTOBIIOH3BeCTHaTa rpoonana npa c. Caemapn ce OKa3Ba rOJlSlM nocenameu T~prOBCKH KOMnJIeKC C JIOKaJIH3HpaHH CeJlHw,a,KpenocTH, HeKpOnOJIH. CBelHJIItw,a OT I XHJI. lip. H. e. Pasaonxare osepraaar e)lHH H3KJIIO'IHtenHO. narepecea B Hay'lHo OTHoweHHe paaoa, KoATO @6ew,aBa )la )l,a)le HOBH)laHHlI .aa

HCTopHSITa HKYJITypaTa na rp aKHTe.

npocp. Teo<jlHJI HBaHoB, OTKPHBa'IeJISIT aa MecTonOJlOlKeHHeTO aa PHMCKHSI A6pHTYC, paaraeaa OC~ HOBHHTe pe3YJlTaTH OT npoynaaHHSlTa aa T03H rpaa, A. Maproc (Bapna) aaaece CMH C'b06palKeIIHSI OTHOCHO JlOKaJlH3HpaHeTo Ha cpe)lHOBeKOBHHSI Xpssrpax. 3JI. Feaoaa (<I>HJlH3JI na AHM - BeJIHKO T'spHOBO) 3an03Ha npHC~C1'ByBaw,HTe C BalKHHTe pe3YJlTaTH OT apxeoJlorH'IeCKHTe npoynaanas B ToJlSlMaTa lllKaMHSI B Pa3rpa)l.,BalK' HlI aa pasxpaaane )leAC'fBHTenHOTO eTHH'IeCKO cscroaaae na HaCeJIeHHeTO B rpana npes nepnona ua TYPCKOTO p06cTBO.

3a Y'laCTHHlJ,HTe B HaUHOHaJlnara KOH<jlepeHUHSI 6e nposcexrapan CPHJlM~T "CBew,apCKaTa rpoeHHlJ,a" - HuA-3Ha'lHTenHHSlT apxeOJlOrH'IeCKH 06eKT OT IV-II I B. aa TepH'rOpHSITa ua Pa3rpMcKH oxp sr, neue npH3HaT KaTO xacr OT CBerOBHOTO KyJITYPIIO uacaeaC1'BO non eranara na IQHECKO.

Dpe)l06e,Il,HOTO aacenaaae aa 12 Maii oe nOCBeTeHO na npaacropH'IeCKHTe npoY'lBaHHSI. H. CHpaxon (AHM) OT HMeTO na KOJIeKTHBa ua o~JIrapCKHTe cneuaaJIHCTH no naJIeOJIHTa asuece npenBapHreJIHO c~06w,eHlIe aa pe3YJIrarare OT TOKY-W,O 3aB~pWHJlaTa (npoaeaeaa npes MapT-anpHn 1987 r.) rrspaa no pona CH 6urapO-BHeTHaMCKa apxeoaoeasecxaexcneaauas H a TepHTOpHH'ra aa CP BHeTHaM. TOBa e rOJUIM ycnex sa (i'hnrapcKaTa npaacropan. AH. BaK~MCKa (DepHHK} npencrasa c~o6- w,eHHeaa pe3Y,1lTaTH.Te OT npoysaaIIHHTa' aa o6eKTBTe OT HOBOK8MeHaara enoxas Baarapan. K. K~H'IeB (AI1M)· npe)l.CT3BH pe3YJITaTHTe OT pasxonxnre HII cenaumara xorana B rp. Pyce. A. Pa)l,YH'IeBa (AllM)- pesyararare OT paaxonKHTe na cennumara MOrHJla npn c. .l1.0JlHOCJlaB, DJIOB)l.HBCKO - eAHIl YIIHKaneH KYJlTOB uearsp OT enoxara aa XaJlKOJIHTa. HJI. AHreaoaa (T~proBHw,e) npencrasn pe-

ilYJlTaTHTe OT pa.3KOnKHTe na oeexTH OT Me,llHO-KaMeHHaTa enoxa I! BDJlrapHSI. J1. HHnoB (AHM) .H3.~ aece pe3YJITaTRTe OT naneoocreoJlOrH'IeCKHTe npoY'lBaHHSI B npaIfCTOpH'IeCKO'IO cennure npH C. CJI8- THHO.

Cne,Il,06e,Il,HOTo aacenanue na

12 MaH tie nOCBeTeHO aa npoyxaaHHHTa B 06J1aCTTa uaTpaKHAcKaT8 ap XeOJlOfHSI. OCHoBHaTa rexcecr 0 rHOBO 6e OT,Il3AeHa aa npoY'lBaHHSIra sa TpaKHiiCKH o6eKTH na rePHTopHSITa aa Pa3fpa.!lCKII oxp sr, 'IHeTO H3CJ1e,Il,BaHe e oc06eHO I{HTeH3HBHO npes nOCJIe,Il,HHTe rO,Il,HHH: )l. I'eprcsa (AHM)- aa vpaaKonKHTe aa yxpenenoro cename H KYJlTOBHSI l(eHThp na "KaMeH PHJl", A. BaJlKaHCKU (AHM) - .3a npoY'IBaHHSlTa na KynToBHsi KOMIIJIeKC "MaHaCTIIpa", T, CTOliHOB (CY "KnHMeuT OXPH,II,CKH") - aa MOrlinen aesponoa 01' paHllOIKeJlSl3HaT3 (moxa, HJI. Karencxa (BAH) - aa pe3YJITaTHTe OT reoq,H3H'IHHTe npoy'lBaHHSI B apxeOnOrH'IeCKHSI pesepsar "C6UPSIHOBO", HaK • .Ll.HMHTpOB (AHM) - sa !l.1>plKaBaTa aa ,IlHHaCTlISira OT c. Csemapu B CBeTJlHHaTa na HYMH3MaTHlleCKHTC ,Il,aHHH, M. Koaaseaa (AHM) - 3a pe3YJlTaTHTe OT. reo<jlH3H'IHlI npoY'IBaHHH )III rp06HHlJ,aT3 IIpH

'~: C'Mtfl ~i! HB. ITaHaHoToB

(AHM) nOK.na,Il,Ba sa npoyxaaaaa na MOrHJIeH uexponon 01' 6POH30- sara enoxa. 0606l1J,eHHe .. 1I'hpxy npoysaaaaara ua ceaaiua OT 6POHsoaara-enoxa B B1>.iIrapHSI .nsnece .TI. HHKonoBa (AHM). M. .Ll.oMap,Il,CKH(AHM) AOK.la.ll.Ba 0606- w,eHHe aspxy npoynaaaaara aa TpaKHilcKH CBeTHnHw,a, K. KHCbOB (OHM CMOJISIH) ,Il,OKJla)lBa sa rpaKHAcKH. norpeeaaaa 06H'IaH B. Pononare, KOHcTaTHpaHH OT aero npII, paaxonxa na .HlIJlrp06l1H MQrJlJIH. )l. Arpe (AHM.) 0606w,H H3B~PllleHHTe npoyxaaaaa aa l'paKlliicKHTe HeKpOnOJIH n Cesepaa B~JIrapHlI, AJI·. Fones (AHM),_ Ilpoy'lBaJiHSI-

. ra Ha l'paKHACKHTe CeJIHw,a.

Ilpeneoennoro saceaanue aa 13 MaR 6e nOCBeTeHO na IlpOY'IB30

69

HIHITa a 06J1aCTT8 na 8HTH'IHaTa apXeOJlOrHSI. B Ha'laJlOTO aa aace,!J.aHHero 6e amrecen .z;.OKJla,A 01' I' . .LJ:>KHHrOB (AHM) aa apxeoaorauecxara HCTHHa OKOJlO T. Hap .

• ,rp06" na BaCHJI JIeBCKH B uspxlIaTa "ca. Ilerxa 'CaMap,ll>KHiicKa", no KollTo ,!J.OKJla,ll ce pasaaxa O>KHlIeHH pasaexaaaaa. Hsaeceaa CiSlxa Ba>KHH cpaKTH, no KOHTO .1I,8THposxara na rpotia CJle,!J.aa na ce oraece BeKOBe npena H3J1.HraHeTO na U'bpKBaT3 IIpe3 XV B.

CT. CTOHHOB (OHM Pa3rpBJI.) asnece 0606~HreJleH ,AOKJl3,!!. Bbpxy pasxonxare H npoY'IBaHHSlTa na aHTH'IHH 06eKTH ua repuropaara Ha Pa3rpa,ACKH OKp'br H Ha6eJISl3a HIIKOII 6'b,lle~H np06J1eMlI OTHOCHO npoY~B!lfJUt~, ,Ra' ~KTH.~TI T8~ 1 enoxa B Pasrpaacxo. ;ll . .LJ:>K0p,ll>KeTH (BOJlOHSI) H B. Hasaesoaa (AHM) npeacrasaxa H KOMeHTHpaxa OTKPHTOTO npes eceura aa 1986 r. flPH pasxonxn na 'IaCTHa K'b~a B. PaUHapHSI 3J1aTftO C'bKpOBHllle. Kacae ce eepoarno sa cexeen HaKHT, npHHaJl.JIe>KHOCT aa 60raTa cpaMHJlHSI, 'IHiiTo,AOM e 6HJl paapyuren BepOflTHO B cpenara aa VB. OT X'yHcKHTe aaurecraemunr. f. AJleKCaHJl.pOB (OHM MHxaAJlOBrpa,ll) Jl.OKJlaJl.Ba 3a HOBOOTKPHTH enHrpacpcKH naMeTHHUH OT CBeTHJlH~eTO aa .LJ:HaHa H AnOJlOH B MOHTaHa, HliKOH OT KOHTO C HHTepeCHO C'bJl.'bpiKaHHe (aanp , aa opraHH3HpaHHSI HMnepaTOpCKH'JlOB na 6H30HH H Me'lKH or BoeHHH xaCTH na aarep B MORTaHa). AJI. MHJI'leBa H EBr. Feaxeaa (AHM) ,AOKJl8JI,Baxa sa HOBH OTKPHTHH B Jlarepa na HOBe. B. Ilonoa (HHITK) AOKJl8,ABa 3a pa3pa60TeHHSI OT KO.neKTHB8 ,Ha HlIDK. nporpasa "HHKOnOJlHC a,!J. HCTpYw" - e,!J.HH MOp"eJI sa KOMnJleKCeH no)l,XOJl. K'bM apxeOJlOrH'IeCKH pesepaar B 113- B'bHceJlH~Ha TepHTopHH. IT. I'eop-

KHHronHC

061UH C'hQHHeHHH A8paMCJ8. HBaH. Taopuecrsoro na JI.-p apx, AJIeKCaH,lI'bp PaweHOBueaea H3BOP sa apXHTeKTH H apXeoJl03H. - Apxarexrypa, 1986, Nv 7, 22-23.

AICaiJeMulC l1uMum'lJp AHee/l06 Ita 70 eoiJuHu. - Bexoae, 1987, Nt 3, c.70.

o AKaiJeMuIC l1uMum'lJp AHee/l08 Ita 70eoiJuHu. - Hflp, 1987, Nt 4, 3-12.

. A pxeo/loeu'U!clCUe naMJlmHUICU

lOeo-BocmlJ&tHou Beponu. )l(e-

Jle3HblA BeK H snoxa Cpe)l,HeBe-' KOBbSi. C6. Hay'l. TPY)l,OB. PeJl.KOJlJl. E. B . .LJ:BopeUKHA H Jl.p. KypCK,

10

THeB (AHM) JJ.OKJlaJl.Ba e,nHH naCKOPO OTKpHT PHMCKH capxoear C'bC cKYJlnTypHH H306pa>KeHHSI 01' c. Baas, ITa3ap)l,>KHWKO. 0606meHHe B'bpXY pasxonxare H OTKPHTHSITa aa aHTH'IHH 06eKTH OT 1- VI B. aanpaua EBr. reH'Icsa(AHM).

CJIe,ll06e,llHOTO sacenanae a a 13 Mali 6e nOCBeTeHO na np06J1eMaTHKaTa HB cpe,nHOBeKOBHaTa apxeoJ10rHSI. .LJ:. OB'IapOa (AHM) H3- nece nO)l,p06eH o606~HTeJleH noKJla;u. B'bpXY npoY'IBaHHHTa B 06- .'1aCTTa aa CpeJl.HOBeKOBHaTa apxeoJlOrHSI, H3T'bKHa nOCTH>KeHIISITa H Ha6eJlSl3a OCHOBHHTe np06J1eMH, KOHTO CTOSIT aa paapeuraaane npea 6'bJlrapCKHTe cpeJl.HOBeKOBHH apXeOJl03H. H. TaH'IeBa (OHM - ijIMf\O.,r )l,OK-l'a.ll.O!i 38 <pa3<KorF,K.'-T~ aa eAHH·' KYJlTOB KOMnJleKC rrpa C. Bonea _ paHHOXpHCTHJlHCKH MapTHpHOH H nO-K'bCHO cpennoaeKOBeH MaHaCTHp. B. ,ll.HMoBa (HI1M) nsnece peayararare OT npoY'IBaHHHTa ua )l,06pe aanasenaa Cpe,llHOBeKOBeH MaHaCTHp "CB. AoaH Flpearexa" B C030nOJI. P. BaCH.'IeB (AHM) H T. BaJJa6aHOB (<I>HJlHaJl AHM lliYMeH) asaecoxa pesyararare OT repeaaare 06XO>KJJ.aHHH npes 1986 r. a onnacrra aa cpeaaoBeKOBHaTa 6'bJ1rapCKa apXeOJlOrHH.

B'bB BTOpaTa 'IaCT na C'b~OTO aaceaaaae 611xa H3HeceHH HlIKOJlKO )l,OKJla,na 01' C'bTPY,AHH~1I na npo- 6J1e~IHaTa rpyna no IIHTep,llHCUH" nJlHHapHH H3CJle)l,BaHHlI. EJI. Bo>KHJlOBa (BAH) ,noKJl3,nBa 33 naJ1eCeKOJJOrH'IHHTe H3CJlej\BaHHlI H peKOHCTPYKUHH aa eKOJlOrH'IHHTe ycJlOBllfl B MHRI!JlOTO aa B'bJIrap"H. T. CToli'leB (BTC) )l,OKJla)l,Ba3a npOY'IBaHHSlTa na rpacpH1'H B. neuiepnre . npa C. Ilapeaen, BpauanCKO, KaTO oOJJ.'IepTa, 'Ie C nOJl.06pena MeTO.llHKa ca H3B'hpweHII pe,AH~a KopeKUHH aa npeaaunnrre 'leremdr.

3aKJlIO'IHTeJJHO CJlOBO rrpn aa-

KYPCKHii Foe. ne,!{. HHCT., 1985. 121 C. HJlJI., 4 HJlJI.

EaKa/l08, Feopeu, AKB)l,eMHK .llHMHT'bP Aarenoa aa 70 rO,llHRH. - CTap06'bJ1rapHCTHKa, 1987, M I, 3-8.

Bees, flem'&p. He/luKoniJ08fl U CAaB'IO LJO/laK08. H3KycTBeHaTa )l,ecpopMauHlI aa raaaara KaTO eruo)l,HcpepeHUHpa~6eJJer_- B'bJIr; 'erIIorpacllHH, 1987, M 1, 31-,37.

OT pa3J1H'IHH enoxa , Boocusoea, B. BH)l,eH cppeHcKH Y'IeH B B'bJlrapHJI (P06ep ETHea], - Apxeo.norHH, 1987, M 2, c. 50,

'flpo¢. BeAuaap Be/lK08, HOCIITeJl aa Xepnepoea Harpa,na.-

KpHBaHeTO npensnece npocp. B. BeJIKOB. Toli nO,A'IepTa rOJlJlMaTa aKTHBHOCT npes 1986 r., xoraro e 6HJlO pa60TeHo na 186 06eKTa, Ha KOHTO ca 6HJlH nanpasean 3HalJHTeJlHII ap xeoaomvecxa OTKPHTHli OT BCH'IKHH:cropH'IeCKH enoXII. 3Ha'lH'reJlHH' ca ()HJlH nOCTH>KeHHlITa ua HIITCp)lHCUHnJlHllapHHre npoY'lBaHHSI. 1986 r. JJ.OHece na 6'bJ1rapCKaTa apXeOJlOrHSI aaeeJle>KHTeJlJlH HaXO,llKH OT aaurero KyJlTYPHO HaCJle.llCTBO, KaTO C'bxpoaamero OT c. Por03eH II C'bKpOaH~eTO OT PaUHapHSI. H30cTaBaT 06a'le KOHcepBaUHoIIHHTe pa60TH, 1130CTaBa cepaosao oepaccraaaero aa ,llBH>KHMHTe OTKpHTII HaXO,llKII H ny6,71HKY1HllleTo aa 06eKTH H

, .naf.leT"lu(H.' TOBa nOCTaBJI cepa- 03HH 'npcit'iJl'eMH H MO>Ke 6H iue ce ;lla;t'OJKaT OrpaHH'IeHHe B (iPOH <IIa' pasxonasaaare 06eKTH, aa ,na MoraT )la ce nonrorsar aa ny6J1H-

KaUHlI OTKpHTHTe MaTepHaJlH.

XXXII aauaonaana KOHcpepeHUHH B Pasrpan 6e MHoro ,n06pe opranaaapana .H npeuaaa ua BHCOKO aayxno HIIBO. B ues Y'laCTayaaxa OKOJlO 250 apXeOJl03H II MY3eliHH pa60THH~H OT AHM. H-Ta no rpaxonoraa, Kareapare no apXeOJlOrHH K'bM CY "KJlHMeIlT O:O:PH/.ICKH" H BTY "Bp. KHPIiJi H MeTo,nHH", HHM, HHITK, MyileliHH pa60THHuH OT II0'lTH BCH'IKH OKP'b>KHH H rpaacxa apxeoaorH'IeCKH H ucropasecxa MyaeH.

3a Y'IaCTHIIUHTe B KOHcpepeH~HSlTa 6e opraHII3HpaHa eKcKYP- 3Hfl no BaiKHH 06eKTH aa TepHTOpnara aa Pa3rpa,ACKH oxp sr.

1 no nosoa T83H KOHcpepeHUHH 6e ny6J1HKYBaHa 6powypa: ApxeoJlOrH'IeCKH OTKpHTHH H paaxonKllnpe3 1986 r. XXXII Hanaonanna KOHcpepeHUII H no apxeo.IIOrHSI. Pasrpaa, 1986. 295 c.

ApXeOJIOrHlI, 1987, Ng 2, c.50;

B'bA'Ie8, BI'Ce/lUH u MapuJI

MamaICueBa. BH6JillorpacpHJI aa nay'IHIITe TPY)l,Oae aa ,aKa,n • .LJ:HMHT'hP AllreJloB,1939-1986. - Hflp, 1987, M 4, BB~96.

rapiJeH, )/(oH"KAoiJ. Teope-

TH'IeCKaH apxeoaoras. M., IT porpecc, 1983. 295 c.

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l1uMumpo8u. Ellena. OTl<pHBaTeJlJlT aa .BeJlHKH Flpecaas (nOP.AaH fOCnO,AHHoB). - Po,ltoJllo6l1e, 1986. Nt 10, 37-38.

MUA'Ie8, Amauac. ApXeOJlOrH'IeCKH paaxonxa H npoyxeanua • ceao Barouieno H aeroaara OKOJl-

aocr, I'aepcscxa OKP'br. ~ I'on. CY. HCTOp. 41aK.,)6 (1983), 1986, 68-122.

Or npaHCTOpH'IecKaTa, 8H1H'IHaTa H Cpe.Il.HOBeKOBH8Ta enoxa,

M.wOeH08, A HeBA. AKaJl.eMHK .lI.HMHT'bP AHfeJIOB Ha70 fOJl.HHH. - Boeauoacrop. c6., 1987, Nt 2, 228-229.

Ilemxoe, A. U H./(Y.!le(J·

XXV Me>K,llYHap0.lleH CHMn03HYM no apxeoaerpaa. -Ap,x.eOJlOrHH, 1987, N22. 41..-49 ..

C'bCTOlIJi ce OT 19 )1.0 23 MaD 1986 f. D ACHHa.

Ilosiipaeumese« aiJpec Ita Ilpe- 3UiJUYMa Ita BAH· i)o aKai). IluMum'bp . AHet'.cOO . no CJlyttall Heeoeama ceiJeMOecemeo(JUUlHUHCi . ..:-Cn BAH. 1987, Nil 2, 59-60.

Puceea, TaH!!. Ilpoqecop BMHsap BMKOB. HOCHTeJl. aa Xepnepoaara Harp8,lla. - MnK, 1987, NI! I, 27-28,

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Feopeuee, TeOpiJll HII. KapaHOBO - )lBOpen'br aa npaHCTGpHuecxa Espona. no CJleAHTeHa HaD-crapara eaponezcxa q;H.IiJiH" 3anHH. HHTep.BIO. - Oreseerao, 1987, M I, 12~13.

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~, ,aar;uHa; FpoeaauaTa npa CseU(apH - npoextapaae, opaat.repJlBaHe H KOHCTPYKUHB.ApXeOJJorHR, 1987, .Nt 2, 1-9.

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BeAI(08i BeAU3CJp • .lI.peBHorp'bit· Kllte KOJIOHHH no llepHoMopHeTo H TJlXHaTa KyJlrypa. - fo}.!.. Han. HIICT. aa l1aMeTH. KYJlTypaTa, 3, 1984, 6-10.

BeAKOB, B. XVII KOHljlepeHllliH no KJlaCHlJeCKH CTYAHH "EApe. He". - Apxeoacraa, 1987,M 2, 49~50.

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Chan io tis, A. pas Ehrendekret fur Diophantos (IOSPE II 352) und die Geschichbschrelbung.In: Acta hlstortae "Terra anti qua balcanica". 2. Trinovi, 1987, 233~ 235 (=Actes du I Xe Congres internat. d'epigraphie grecque et l atine).

Ehrhardt, Norbert. Die polltischen Bezieh ungen zwischen den gr iechischen Schwarzmeergrfindungen und ihren Mutterstiidten. Ein Beitrag zur Bedeutung von Kolonial verhaltnissen in Griechenland. --In: Acta Centri historiae .. Terra anti qua balcanica", 2. Trinovi, 1987. 78--117 (=Acta du Ixe Congres interriat. depigraphie grecq ue et I ati ne),

no enHrpacpcKH naHHH. Gerasimooa, Tomotla, V. Die Administration der Stiidte in Thrakien wiihrend des 1.-3. J ahrhunderts u. Z. (im Gebiet des heutigen Bulgarien). - In: Acta Centri histor iae "Terra anti qua balcanica=. 2. Trinovi, 1987, 239- 246 (=Actes du IXe Congres internat , d'epigraphie grecq ue et latine).

Cnopea aHaJlH3 ua enHrpa4'cKHre ,naHHH.

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Mihailov, Georgi et Yelizar Velkco, L'epigraphie en Bulgarie.In: Acta Centri historiae "Terra anti qua balcanica=. 2. Trinovi, ol987 , 201-203 (=Actes du IXe 'Congres internat. d'epigraphi~ grecque et Iatlne).

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<l>parMeHT OT MpaMopeH pe.1ecp C HMeTO na .IJ:HocKypHJ{ac.

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Panciera, Silvio. Alcune inIormaztonl su le r icerche di epigrafia in Ital ia, - In: Acta Centri historine "Terra antiqua baleanicat. 2. Trinovi, 1987, 204- 205 (=Actes du IXe Congr es internat, d'epigraphie grecque et latine).

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ITo nHCMeHH H enarparpcxa ,llaHIIH.

p t ~ ci 'K'1'1 C;, 0., r- To u p 6. e- 0' 0 r A. 0 u, 'E1ttupatp£<;' AvO) Maxe- 3ovta<; (EA.iJ.leta • Aop8aia N6na A.U'YXTlO'tiC;. 'OpecniC;). T6J.1o<; ci: Ka'taA.6roc; 'E1ttrpacp&v. 'ASf)va, 1985. X+253+86 1t{vaxec;.

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ITo enarpaecxa .RaHBH .

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Vidman, Ladislao. Probl ernes des Systems der diakritischen Zeichen. - In: Acta Centri historiae "Terra antiqua balcanlca". 2. Trinovi, 1987, 145-161 (=Actes du IXe Congres internat. d'epigraphie grecque et latine) .

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Wachtel, Klaus. Zu den

StaUhaltern VOIl Moesia Inferior unter Commodus, - In: Acta Centri historiae "Terra anti qua baleaniea". 2. Trinovi, 1987, 284- 286 (=Actes du IXe Congres internat. d 'epigraphie grecq ue et latlne).

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MY3eHHO .lI.eJIO 11 KOHCepBalJ,HH

Boueea, EMUAUJI. caerosaa Ky~TypHa Apxarexrypa, 1986, 20, 22, 24.

Hecedsp - ueHHOCT .. _ N2 6, C, 18.

75

BeIlKO(J, BCIIU3l1p. .MY:-JeHTe It 6'b)l.e~eTO aa KYJlTYPHOro nacaenCTBO. - .MnK, 1987,N! 2,57-58.

raflilapo6, HUKOJla. Flpasua aamara na Jl.BHlKHMHTe KYJlTYPHH ueHHOCTH. -- .MnK, .. 1987, N! 2,

50-52. . •

Fanuee, Xpucmo, npOY'IBaHHlI H rrpoexr aa ljlaCa,ll,Ha pecraspaUHlI aa irspxaara "CB. COIjlHlI" 1980-1981. - I'oa, Han. IIHCT. aa naxera. xyxrypara, 3, 1984, 132-140.

Ilescupoe, ~UMO. HaUHoHaJIHHl1T nc,JlHTeXHHqeCI<H MY3CH npea '1982 r. - I'on. Han. 1I0JlHTeXH. MY3efl, 12, 1982. 321-327.

KoiiHo6a-ApHay(Jo6a, Jlosuusa, MHCJIH sa xYJl.0lKeCTBeHoTo aaCJIe)l.CTBO, crapuHHTe-MoHYMeHTH H cpeuiara aa pecraapauaara C rs x. - Fon. Hau, HHCT. aa naaera,

KYJITypaTa. 3. 1984. 109-124.

KOIUlptKa, L1eHa. I'p anoycr-

pojicrseaa np06JIeMH npa ouaasaHe aa apXHTeKTYPHOTO H8CJlC,llCTBO Y Hac. - Fon. Hau. HHCT. aa nasrera. xya ryp ara, 3, 1984. 23-32.

MaHo6a, lleemana, CTaTHcTH-

'IeCKa 06pa6orKa Ha KepaMHKa. -.MnK, 1987, Hv I, 55-56.

MuxallJlOfJ, AHmoH U Hopa

Heanoea. 3aw.ItTa ua ]I.'bpBeCHHara B crpaanre=-naxernaua aa KYJlTYpara-or saara H cn sauesa pannaUHlI. -- fOA. Hau. HHCT. sa naMeTH. KYJlTypaTa, 3, 1984, 125-131.

MJlaiJeHo6a, AHa. HacnencraoTO na CTapHlI C030nOJI H rp anoycrpoacrseaoro My npoexrapase. -- Apxareicrypa, 1986, N2 6, c. 28, 30, 32, 34.

HUKO.lleHKO, Bumanuil, MY3ear aa acropaa a MocKaa. - MnK, 1987, N! 1, 42-45.

HUKOAOS, Bsaitu.uup . IbKJlIO'1HTeJIHa KOJIeIUj.HH. - ,llapHIeJlH, 1986, 1'12 3, 30-32.

,llapeHHeTo ua C. CHMOB - 30 CTapH KapTH aa BaJlKaHHTe H aa 6'bJlrapCKHTe 3eMH.

HilKOA06, HUKo.1a. Be'lHHSlT 06- paa aa CTapHSI Heced'sp. - Apxarexrypa, 1986, .N'! 6, c. 19, 21, 23, 25, 26.

Ilaenoe, Ceemosap . C e_;I.pH 6YK-

BH: BbJlrapHSI. Ore'leCTBO,

1986, 1'12 20, 23-25.

no nOBO,'I.· H3J10lK6aTa "B'bJlrapCKHTe 3eMH B KHHrH, 8TJIaCH, xapTH, rpamopx H PHCYHKH OT KGJleKUHSlTa HaJl.-p_CHMeOH CHUOB'" B CO¢HlI.

Ilemputuee, Jl/06(JMUp. me ona- 3HM JlH CTapHTe '1a~BHHKOBH Me, xaHH3MH? - MnK, '1987, H9 2, 43-46.

Cmanueea, Maeoa,luHa. TpaKHifcKHTe C'bKpoBHw.a - B'b3MO)KHOCTH 3a npencraaaae. - MnK~ 1987, Nv 1, 37--38.

Tooopoea, Xeupuema, <l>OHAoXpaHHJlHIUe B H3J10lK6eHHl'e 3aJlH. - MIlK. 1987, 1'12 2, 59-60.

Llaneea, Tons, Pa:JCJlOHBaHe H& lKHBOrIHCHH CJlOeBe Ha HKOHa .. - MnK. 1987, N2 1, 59-61.

Krumhol z, Hans. Bulgar iens Schatze sorgfiiltig bewahrt. - In; Urania Universiurn. Bd. 32. Leipzig, 198G, 105-111.

Va lena , Julie. Creation d'UD rnusee de 1a mosaique it Devnia (Bulgar ie). - Bull. de l'Associati ... on internat. pour etude de l a mosaique antique, 11, 1987. p. 397.

CT05IHKA nETPOBA

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KPHTHKA H PE~EH3HH

PYMeH Heanoe - Karl Strobel. Untersuchungen zu den Dakerkriegen Trajans. Studten zur Geschichte des mittleren und unteren Donaur aurnes in der Hohen Kaiserzeit. (ANTIQUITAS Reihe I, Band

33). Bonn, 1984.284 p., 3 tab ..... 63 Iiopoon AAtKClle8 - Cpe,l\H08eK08HIIHT Yep8eH.

T. 1. Ilaranenara aa rpana, C., BAH, 1985.

290 c ...•••.•••.••.• ' . 65

TIPErnELL

B. BC/lK08 - IX MeM,l\YHap0,l\eH xoarpec no rp'suxa II JIaTHHCKa enarparpaxa ..

XXXII HaUHOHaJIHa KOHq,epeHUHlI 110 apXe0;10rH}J I:l Pasrpan.

KHllroIIHc.. . ••••

TABLE DES MATIERES

Dimitiir Oocaroo - L'ainsi dlt tombeu de

Vasil Levski - verites et erreurs .. '. 7

Petiir Valev - Analyse de certains materiaux graphiques et photographi ques du tombeau 95 dans I 'egl ise "Sveta Paraskeva Sarnar dzijska" ii. Sofia.. . . . . . . 17

Atanas Oraceo, Ivanka Oraieoa - Reconstruction d'ancres ancienns en pierre et

en plomb de la collection du Musee de Sabia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

MATERIAUX ET COMMUNICATIONS

Petar Gorbanoo, Tatjana Kantceva - Figurines en bronze de cavaliers etde p oul ains

du departernent de N. Zagora. . . . . ., 36 Cvetana Drernsizova-NelCinova _ Necropol e

de l a Basse antlqults pres de la ville de

Klirdzali 43

Kamen Dimitrov- Tresor monetaire hellenistique ~e Nicopolis ad Nestum. (IGCH 829) .

Ivan Dzambov - Dessins-graffiti de I 'eglise medieval e dans la Iorteresse Anevsko kale

56

...........

62

CRITIQUE ET OUVRAGES RECENSES Rumen Ivanov - Karl Strobel. Untersuchungen zu den Dakerkriegen Trajans. Studien zur Geschichts des mittleren und unteren Donauraumes in der Hohen Kaiserzei t. (ANTIQUITAS, Reihe I, Band 33). Bonn,

1984. 284 p., 3 tab. 63

Jordan . Aleksieo - Cpe,a:Ho8eKoBHHHT YepBeH,

T. I. IJ:HTa,l\eJIaTa na rpaaa, C., BAH, 1985 290 c 65

68

REVUE

V. Velkov - IXe congres international

d'epigraphie grecq!le et latirie. .. . . . 68 XXXIIe conference national e d'ar cheolo-

gie it Razgrad, 69

Bibliographie • • • • . • • • • • • . • • 70

69 70

ISSN 0324~1203 .

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QEHA 1,80 JIB •