A 1988,3

0\ S
L-

a

ui >< 0..

«

KHurA 3 1988

Pe.n;aKQHHTa aa "ApXeOJIOrHH" npaesra aa 06C'L)J()J;aHe MaTepHaJIHTe, npencraseaa Ha O'h.llrapcKH e3HK B 2 eK3. (TeKcT H naysen anapar) aa MamHHa (crpaaana OT 30 pena no 66 ynapa) C xatJ:eCTBeHH aa ornesarsaae 06pa3H, CllHC'LK aa 06pa3HTe (2 eX3.) H pe310Me (3 eX3.). IIpeBo,IJ;H aa MaTepHaJIH OT '1Y)I(,n aa 6'LJIrapCXH e3HX H npenacaaae aa MamHHa penaxnasra He H3B'LpmBa.

La redaction d'Apxeonoras accepte les materiaux pour etre examines presentes en langue bulgare en 2 ex. (texte et appareil scientifique) dactylographies (page de 30 lignes - 66 frappes), accompagnes de figures propres a etre imprimees, liste des figures (2ex.) et resume (3 ex.). La traduction en bulgare et les textes dactylographies doivent etre assures par l'auteur.

Ha x o p a u a r a

3JlamHa 02bPJlUlIa C KyXU usnucma om c. Apuap, MUXaUJl062padcKa otinacm, Hcmopuuecxu My- 3eu - Buouu

CHUMKa P. Cm a n e e a

Sur la couvertute

Col/ier en or a per/es creuses du village Arcar region de Mihajlovgrad, Musee historiqueVidin

Photo R. Staneva

© Apxeonorusecsa HHCTHTYT H MY3eR npa SAH 1988

c/o Jusautor, Sofia

APXEOJ\O r-V15J

- \.

~z o r r s n HA APXEOJlOrHlfECKHH HHCTHTYT H MYJEJ1 .

n r n 5'bJlrAPCKATA AKA,!{EMHH HA HAYKHTE

ISSN 0324-1203

rod. xxx 3 1988

OCHOBHH KnaCH~HKaUHOHHH npHHUHnH sa xepasnrsara OT pannara H cpezmara 6pOH30Ba enoxa B TpaKH~

.. KPACHMHP flEll\AKOB

npOY'IBaHHSlTa na panaara H cpennara 6pOH30Ba enoxa B 6'bJIfapCKHTe 3eMH npes IlOCJIe,nHHTe fO.n;HHH oT6eJISl3aXa 3Ha'lHTeJIeH aanpezrsx. Bonema cpezt TSiX ca H3CJIe,nBaHHSlTa B TpaKHSI Hoc06eHO B paaoaa aa IOfoH3To'lHa D'bJIfapHSl1• OT pa3KoIlKHTe aa CeJIH~HHTe MOfHJIH H T. Hap. OTKpHTH CeJIH~a, KaKTO H OT TepeHHHTe 06XO)l(,naHHSI, 6e IlPH.n;06HT Of poMeH apXeOJIOfH'IeCKH MaTepHaJI. Cpen nero na Il'bPBO MJlCTO IlO KOJIH'IeCTBO H 06eM na HH4>0pMal\HSI CTOH xepaxmxara.

KepaMH'IHHTe 4>OPMH H TSlXHaTa yxpaca HMaT Il'bpBOCTeIleHHa pOJISI sa paapeuraaaae na Ilp06JIeMHTe, xacaema aapaxnanero, pa3BHTHeTO H pa3IlpOCTpaHeHHeTO aa KYJITypHTe, aa YTO'lHSlBaHe aa IlOCOKHTe H eramrre aa B3aHMHHTe BJIHSlHHSI H KORTaKTH2• Te ca OCHOBeH IlOKa3aTeJI npa paaspasaae na npouecare na KOHTHHYHTeT H ,nHCKOHTHHYHTeT B IlpaHCTOpHSITa 3 H enaa or OCHOBHHTe H3BOpH sa H,neHTH- 4>H:QHpaHeTO aa T. Hap. apXeOJIOfH'IeCKH KYJITYPH4. Ilpa CTeIleHYBaHe aa 4>aKTHTe B TOBa OTHomeHHe xepasraxara H HenHaTa yxpaca aaesrar IlOJIO)l(eHHe na "eJIeMt;HTH OT rrspaa pe,n"S.

3a zta 6'b.n;aT IlOCTHfHaTH ,nenCTBHTeJIHO Ha,ne)l(,nHH pe3YJITaTH, K..!paMHKaTa· TpSl6Ba ,na 6'b,ne noztnoxeaa aa CTaTHCTH'IecKa 06pa60TKa H HHTep"peTan;HSI, B OCHOBaT-a aa KOSITO JIe)l(H KJIacH4>HKan;HJlTa aa 6a3a aa THIlOJIOfH'IeCKOTO paarpaaasaaaae". B H3CJIe,nBaHHSlTa aa 6POH.30BaTa enoxa JIHIlCBa KJIacH4>HKal\HOHHa H THnOJIOfH'IeCKa CHCTeMaTH3an;HSI, KOJITO zta oTfoBapSi Ha C'bBpeMeHHHTe H3HCKBaHHSI H ,na ofixaama rOJIJlM eMIlHpH'IeH MaTepHaJI, nopana KoeTO e Ha3pJlJIa neooxozrasrocrra OT HenHOTo csanasaae. )l{eJIaTeJIHO e C'b~O raxa ,na 6'b,naT YTO'lHeHH OCHOBHHTe HaHMeHOBaHHSI aa xepa-

MH'IHHTe 4>oPMH. TOBa ca fJIaBHHTe QeJIH na paspafiorxara H IlOCTHraHeTO HM 6H 6HJIO IlpHHOC 3a XPOHOJIOfH'IeCKOTO H KYJITypHOTO C'bIlOCTaBSIHe Ha MaTepHaJIHTe OT paHHaTa H cpenaara "6pOH30Ba enoxa He casao B D'bJIraPHSI, HO H B penaua C'bCe,nHH TepHTopHH.

Ome rrspsare pasxonxa na CeJIH~HH MOrHJIH B' TpaKHSI KOHcTaTHpaT HaJIH'IHeTO na MaTepllaJIH OT 6pOH30BaTa enoxa", Tsxaara ztarapoaxa H KYJITypHa xapaxrepncraxa ca norpeunra. 3a Hac Ily6JIHKal\HHTe aa Te3H "pOY'IBaHHSI, HSiKOH OT KOHTO HaIl'bJIHO mo6HTeJICKH, ca l\eHHH C'bC cpaBHHTeJIHO Il'bJIHOTO KaTaJIO)l(HO OIlHcaHHe na 4>opMaTa H MaTepHaJIa aa rJIHHeHHTe csnoae.

B Ha'laJIOTO na XX B. ce nOSlBSIBaT H HSiKOH IlO-C'b~ecTBeHH H3CJIe,nBaHHSI. B Ily6JIHKal\HSlTa aa xepasraxara OT )leBe Bapraa (Kpan f. Mapaua, cera CHMeOHoBrpa,n) aapen C MaTepHaJIHTe OT XaJIKOJIHTa ca HaMepHJIH MSiCTO H TaKHBa OT paanara 6pOH30Ba enoxa, P. nOIlOB IlpaBHJIHO pa3,neJISI csnosere aa rpyna B 3aBHCHMOCT OT yspacara HM8. Jlancara aa nocra'rs-mo ,naHHH ro e nosena no csrecsaae pasaoapeueaaara xepasraxa, KaTO TH;IlOJIOfH'IeCKH IlpaBHJIHO ca onpeneneaa casro csnoBeTe OT XaJIKOJIHTa.

KepaMHKa OT paHHaTa H cpe,nHaTa 6POH- 30Ba enoxa e oTKpHTa H IlpH pa3KoIlKHTe Ha ceJIH~HaTa MOrHJIa B C. KHPHJIOBO (Ca. KHPHJIOBO, KHPHJI H MeTO,nHeBO), Craposaropcsa oxpsr. r. Kanapos orrpenens TPH OCHOBHH rpyna ~'b.tioBe:· xanra, IlaHHl\H H KaHH, 6e3 ,na pa3rpaHH'IH paHHO- H cpe,nH06pOH30BHTe OT XaJIKOJIHTHHTe9• ABTOP'bT e 06'bPHaJI BHHMaHHe aa raxaara H3pa60TKa, KaTO B 3aBHCHMOCT OT TOBa e 060c06HJI KepaMH'IHH rpyna. 3a Il'bpBH Il'bT ca 06Hapo,nBaHH H THIIH'IHHTe 3a

1

cpezraara 6pOH30Ba enoxa '1alIIH C enaa BHCOlCa ,n:p'h)f(lCa H·CICOCeHO YCTHe, H3BeCTHH lCaTO '1alIIH "THn CB. KHPHJIOBO"lO (06p. I).

IlPH 06pa60TICaTa aa rJIHHeHHTe CD,n:OBe OT nO-ICDCHHTe pa31C0nICH aa CDm;HSI 06eICT T. repaCHMOB 06p'hm;a BHHMaHHe aa ,n:pyra xapaxrepaa <pOpMa, ICDM ICOSITO ce OTHaCSIT " ... CD,n:OBeTe C ICOCH YCTHSI H ,ll;JI'hrHecTH ,n:P'h)f(ICH" 1 1. TOBa ca lCaHHTe CDC cneUU<pH'IHa <pOpMa, pasnpocrpaaeaa B ICpU aa paaaara H Ha'laJIOTO aa cpezmara 6pOH30BaenOXa B TpalCHSI (06p. 2).

IlP'hBK. liHTeJI npaBHJIHO narapa paaao- 6poH30BaTa lCepaMHlCa OT TORa Ba)f(HO npaHCTOPH'IecICO CeJIHm;e12. Toil nOCO'lRa H npaesrJIHBH aHaJIOrHH, ICOHTO nonpaaacsr aa H3S1CHSIsaae aa ICYJITypHaTa xapaxrepacrasa na ztpeaHOTO aaceneaae, rJIaBHO C MaTepHaJIH OT ceJIHm;HHTe MOrHJIH B Cesepoaanaaaa AHaToJIHSl13•

Ba)f(HO MSiCTO cpen nO-ICDCHHTe ny6JIHlCaUUH saesra npaacropasecxoro cenmne ICpaii c. MHXaJIH'I, Xacxoscxa 0ICp'hr14. B. MHlCoB ,n:aBa nO-TO'lHa xapaxrepacraxa na csnosere OT panaara 6poH30Ba enoxa, YJIeCHeH H OT <paICTa, 'Ie aa T03H 06eICT HSiMa no-panna lCepaMHlCa. 3a CD)f(aJIeHHe 06a'le Toil He e pa3rpaHH'IHJI CTpOHTeJIHH XOPH30HTH, 1C0eTO zrsnro BpeMe 3aTpy,n:HSlBa OTHOCHTeJIHaTa XpOHOJIOrHSI H TO'lHaTa ,n:aTHpOBlCa aa ceJIHm;eTO. B ny6JIHlCaUUSiTa Ha 6a3aTa Ha ,n:onDJIHHTeJIHH ,n:aHHH e nOB,n:HrHaT B'hnpOCDT aa cxoncrsara H pa3JIH'1HJlTa npa CD,n:OBeTe OT XaJIlCOJIHTa H 6POH30- aara enoxa B TeXHHlCaTa aa npOH3Bo,n:CTBO, B'hB <popMaTa H yxpacara HM. Or6eJISl3aHa e nosaara aa HSlICOH HOBH <pOPMH, lCaTO naaaUUTe C ,n:P'h)f(ICH, aCICOCOBH,ll;HHTe lCaHH C ICOCH YCTHSI H ztp. He06xo,ll;HMO e ,n:a ce oT6eJIe)I(H, 'Ie CD,n:OBeTe ca rpynHpaHH no Hey,n:a'leH Ha'lHH, lCaTO aa onpenensm THnOJIOrH'IecICH 6eJIer e npaero HaJIH'IHeTO na ,n:P'h)f(ICHI-5.

Crpararparpcroro nOJIO)f(eHHe na xepaMHlCaTa OT paaaara H cpenaara 6poH30Ba enoxa cnpasao no-paaaara aa npsa DDT TO'lHO 6e <pHICCHpaHO npa pa31C0nICHTe aa cenamaara MOrHJIa npa C. IOHaUHTe, Jlaaapzraamxa oxpsr, P'hICOBo,n:eHH OT B. MHICOB16. Csnosere ca npaBHJIHO oraeceaa IC'hM pa3JIH'IHH ICYJITYPHH nJIaCTOBe H no.n:p06HO xapalCTepH3HpaHH. ABTOP'hT e HanpaBHJI pa3rpaHH'leHHe H Me)f(.n:y <popMHTe OT 6pOH30BaTa enoxa, lCaTO e OT,n:eJIHJI THnH'IHHTe aa paRRHSI H aa pa3BHTHSI II eran, Cpen TSiX Hail-rOJISIMa CToilHOCT HMaT aCICOCHTe, aapeseaa "npe,ll;ROa3HaTCICH THn CD,n:OBe" 1 7 (06p. 3) H T. Hap. sanra "THn IOHaUUTe"18 (06p. 4).

MHTeH3H<pHuupaHeTO aa npaHCTOpH'IecICH're npoY'lBaHHSI CJIe,n: 9. IX. 1944r. ce OTpa3S1Ba nPSlICO H B'hPXy H3CJIe,n:BaHHna aa xepasraxara OT paaaara H cpenaara 6POH30Ba enoxa. Ofiaaponsaaa ca HSIICOJIlCO 0606m;uTeJIHH CTy,ll;HH, B KOKTO H3BO,ll;HTe ca aarpaneaa B'hPXY 3Ha'IHTeJIHO no-60raTaTa H3BopoBa 6a3a.

Ilpea 1963r. 11. ,ll;eTeB npasa ODHT na CHCTeMaTH3Hpa CTpaTHrpa<pHSITa aa apxeono-

2

rH'IecICHTe 06eICTH B TpaICHSl19. 0606m;aBail1CH ,n:aHHHTe aa 6poH30BaTa enoxa, Toil onpenena ocesr <pOPMaJIHH rpyna rJIHHeHH CD,n:OBe, aa HSlICOH· OT ICOHTO ca ,n:a.n:eHH HenpHeMJIHBH Ha3BaHHSI: "MeXOBH,ll;HH CD,n:OBe" (aCICOCH), "pa3- JIaTH CD,n:OBe" (naHHUU), ,,'1ailljiocono,n:06HH" (naHHUH H ICYOH C '1Y'lYP), "rOJIeMH samono,n:06HH" H ,n:p.20 ABTOP'hT ce e cnpSIJI H B'hPXy np06JIeMa aa npoasxona HM. Toil sacrsnsa resara, 'Ie rOJISIMaTa rpyna na CD,n:OBeTe C MOCICH ,n:'hHa HMa spsaxa C XaJIlCOJIHTHHTe <pOPMH, ,n:OlCaTO csnosere CDC saocrpeaa HJIH 3a06JIeHH ,ll;DHa ca HOBH. Karo onpenenauta THnOJIOrH'IecICH 6eJIe3H ca H36paHH 0<P0PMSIHeTO aa zrsaara H YCTHSITa. 06oc06eHH ca rpynHTe Ha CD,n:OBeTe C paBHH ,n:'hHa H paBHH YCTHSI, CDC 3a06JIeHH HJIH saocrpeaa zrsaa H paBHH HJIH ICOCH YCTHSI. Cnopea asropa nOCJIe,n:HHTe ca Hail-ICDCHH H ca xapaxrepaa aa pa3BHTaTa 6pOH30Ba enoxa, KOeTO e ,n:OKa3aHO H OT pa31C0nICHTe na B. MHICOB aa cenanmara MOrHJIa npa C. IOHaUUTe, l1a3ap.ll:)f(HIIIKH 0ICp'hr21. 11 'hpBaTa THnOJIOrH'IeclCa rpyna e xapaxrepaa sa paaaara 6pOH30Ba enoxa H cnopen 11. ,ll;eTeB HMa cxoncraa C XaJIICOJIHTHHTe CD,n:OBe. OT aes ce e paasana nropa rpyna, ICOSITO e HOBO SlBJIeHHe aa npaacropasecxara xepasraxa,

Ta3H THnOJIOrH'IeclCa xapaxrepacraxa ezrsa JIH MO)f(e ,n:a H3,n:'hP)f(H cepaosna ICpHTHlCa, HO TSI 3aCJIY)f(aBa BHHMaHHe lCaTO e,ll;HH OT no- 3a,n:DJI60'leHHTe onHTH ,n:a ce pallCpHe PalBHTHeTO na lCepaMH'IHHTe <pOPMH npea 6pOH30BaTa enoxa.

11. ,ll;eTeB e aBTOp H na e,ll;HHCTBeHOTO sacera H3CJIe,n:BaHe, nOCBeTeHO CneUUaJIHO aa xepasorsara OT paaaara H cpeztaara 6pOH30Ba enoxa->, B Hero CD,n:OBeTe ca pasneneaa cnopezt <popMaTa H npezaraaaaseaaero CH. OT,n:eJIHHTe rpyna ca npencraseaa B pa3BHTHe, lCaTO e pasIIIHpeHa cnosseaarara no-rope cxessa. 06'hpHaTO e Heo6xo.n;HMOTO BHHMallHe H aa yxpacara. OnHT'hT aa ~OCTIlO paarnexnaae aa lCepaMHxara B TpalCHSI 06a'le He MO)f(e na ce C'lHTa lCaTO HanDJIHO ycnemea, OcHOBIIHSlT MaTepHaJI npoH3xoqa OT ,n:Ba 06eICTa - cenanraara MOrHJIa ,n:o c. BeceJIHHOBO, RM60JICICH oICp'hr23, H OT cenamaara MOrHJIa Pa31C0naHHUa no c. MaHOJIe, I1JIOB.n;HBcICH 0ICp'hr24, ICOHTO He ,n:aBaT ,n:OCTaTh'lHO crpararpaipcra onopna TO'IICH aa rro-otinra H3BO,ll;H.

TexlIHlCaTa Ha npOH3Bo,n:CTBOTO Ha npaHCropasecxara lCepaMHlCa H Ha'IHH'hT aa yxpaCSiBaHeTO II ca H3CJIe,n:BaHH OT B. MHICOB2S. I1pOH3BO.llCTBOTO e pasneneao na .llOMaIliHO H 3aHaSlT'IHilcIC0, reaa, ICOSITO ce npaesra OT nosesero H3CJIe.llOBaTeJIH H ztaec. ABTOP'hT nOCTaBSI BaxaiHSI B'hnpOC 3a pa3,n:eJIeHHeTO Ha rpyna no nOJI, lCaTO C'IHTa, 'Ie 41HHaTa xepastaxa (3aHan'lHiiclCaTa nponysnas) e 6HJIa 410pMyaaHa OT M'h)f(eTe. Ha B. MHKOB ,llDJI)f(HM H BSiPHOTO Ha6JI1O.lleHHe, cnopen xoero neersr na CD.llOBeTe 3aBHCH He casso OT TeMnepaTYpara na H3nH'IaHe, HO H OT palJIH'IIIHTe BH,ll;OBe rJIHHa . .llaHHHTe, H3nOJI3YBaHH B TalH CTY,ll;HSI,

I

2

3

4

.-

• 06p. I. [[aUlu om cpeOHama 6poH306a enoxa, U36ecmHU «amo .. 'IaUlu mun C6. KUpUA060". M= 1:2. Fig. I. Verres de fage du bronze moyen, connus comme .. verres type Sv. Kirilovo". M = J.;2

• 06p. 2. Kana om uasasomo ua cpeonama 6poH306a enoxa. M=/: 2. Fig. 2. Broc du debut de fage du bronze moyen .. M= 1:7 -;»

• 06p. 3. ACKOCU om 3anaoHama uacm ua TPaKUII, panna 6poH306a enoxa. M = / : 2. Fig. 3. Askos de la region occidentale de la Thrace. L'age du bronze tardif. M=I:2

• 06p. 4. [[aUlu .. mun IOHallume", cpeoHa 6poH306a enoxa. M=/: 2. Fig. 4. Verres .. type Junacite", L'age du bronze moyen. M=I:2

.llHec ca OCTapeJIH H np06JIeMHTe, nOCTaBeHH B HeB, ce HY)f(.llaBT OT a1CTYaJIH3alUlB.

06061llaBaiiKH pe3YJITaTHTe OT H3CJIe.llBaHHBTa no cpenara aa 6O-Te rO,llHHH, TpB6Ba .lla nonsepraesr, 'Ie TBXHa 061lla xepra e JIHnCaTa aa BCHOTa no asnpoca aa npHHlUInHTe, KOHTO TpB6Ba na 3aJIerHaT B OCHOBaTa aa KJIaCH~HKalUIBTa aa csnosere. ABTopHTe HSlMaT nocraT'b'lHO.llaHHH aa rrsnaa CHCTeMaTH3alUlB, KoeTO 3aTpY,llHBBa TO'lHaTa ~OpMyJIHpOBIC:a aa penana np06JIeMH. KpHTepHH, KaTO ~YHIC:lUIOHaJIHOCT, ~GPMaJIHa' xapaxrepacraza, TeXHOJIOrH'IHH 6eJIe3H HJIH HaJIH'IHe aa xapaxrepaa .lleTaHnH (.llP'b)f(KH, 3a06JIeHH zrsaa, CKoceHH YCTHB H np.), ce H3n0JI3YBaT paBHOCToiiHO B CHCTeMaTa. qeCTO aa onpenenanra ce npaesrar BTOpH'IHH npH3HalUl H B'bpXY TBX ce rpa,llBT He06ocHOBaHH H3BO,llH. THnH'IeH npassep B TOBa OTHoweHHe e csseceaaero aa KepaMHKaTa OT Ha'laJIOTO aa cpenaara 6p0H30Ba enoxa C Ta3H OT cpeaaas HeOJIHT (Kapaaoso 111- BeCeJIHHoBo), aanpaaeao OT B. MHKOB26. IlonooHO HeTO'lHO npanarane aa THnOJIOrH'IecKHB MeTO.ll cpentasre H' npa n . .lleTeB27. Toii OCHOBaBa CBOHTe H3BO,llH na 'IHCTO ~OpMaJlHH CXO.llCTBa, KOHTO He ca peuraaanta aa xapaxTepHCTHKaTa na xyrrrypara, a ca pe3YJlTaT OT Haii-061llH ~YHIC:lUIOHaJIHH, TeXHOJIOrH'IecKH HJlHeCTeTH'IecKH ~aKTOpH.

Te3H aezrocrarsua, 06YCJlOBeHH H OT aecssspmeaara MeTO,llHKa na TepeHHHTe npOY'IBaHHB, ca B OCHOBaTa Ha Han'bJIHO norpewHaTa Te3a aa HHCKOTO pasaame aa xyrrrypara rrpes 6pOH30BaTa enoxa B TpaKHB HJlH na 06BBBBaHeTO if sa "TpaKHiicKH BapHaHT aa TPOBHCKaTa"28.

HOB eran aa H3CJle.llBaHHBTa 6eJle)f(aT 6'bJirapO-C'bBeTCKHTe pa3KonKH Ha ceJlHIllHaTa MOrHJla no C. Bsepo, CJlHOeHCKH oxpsr, non P'bKOBO.llCTOOTO na r. Hn, Feopraes H H. JI. Mepnepr-", KaKTO H pasxonxare na ceJIHIQnara MOrHJIa B HOBa 3aropa non P'bKOBO.llCTBOTO aa P. KaTHH'lapoo30.

Ilpa 6'bJ1rapO-C'bOeTCKHTe npoY'IBaHHB

CTpHKTHaTa CTpaTHrpa~Ka .llOKYMeHTall~B e csseraaa CDC CTaTHCTH'IecKHB noztxon npa 06pa60TKaTa aa xepasraxa'ra. T03H MeTO.ll e n03BOJIHJI na ce passpae ,llHHaMHKaTa aa .llHaxpoHHoTO pa3npocTpaHeHHe Ha pa3JIH'IHH're THnoBe, TBXHaTa nOBBa, MaKCHMaJiHO pasBHTHe H OTMHpaHe; na ce OT'IeTe 3aCT'bneHOCT-

3

• 06p. 5. Fnuueuu cbo06e om IV-V cmpoumeneu xopusoum ua cenuuptama MOlUAQ 00 C. /("0060, cpeoua 6pOH306a enoxa. Fig. 5. Vases d'argile du IVt-Vt horizon de construction du tell pres du village Djadovo, tage du bronze moyen

'ra aa THnOBeTe ~p'b)KKH, aa BH~OBeTe yxpaca, aa OpHaMeHTaJIHHTe MOTHBH H KOMno3HQHH. no HOB HalfHH e nOCTaBeH B'bnpOC'bT aa KyJITypHHTe B3aHMOOTHOllIeHHSI aa TpaKHSI C npyrare C'bCe~HH 06JIaCTH H HaH-Belfe CDC Cesepoaananaa AHaTOJIHSI.

rJIHHeHHTeC'b~OBe H q,parMeHTHTe OT TSlX, OTKpHTH npH pa3KonKHTe ~O c.E3epo, 3a Cb)KaJIeHHe He ca o6pa6oTeHH B'b3 OCHOBa Ha e~HHHH KpHTepHH. C'blIleCTBYBaT pa3JIH'IHSI B nonxona H aHaJIH3a aa ~aHHHTe B TpHTe 'IaCTH na pasnena aa KepaMHKaTa: B KaTaJIOra31, npa yxpacara H BH~OBeTe ~p'b)KKH32 H B KJIaCHq,HKaQHSlTa 33. ABTopHTe He ca aa e~HHHO MHeHHe OTHOCHO HaHMeHOBaHHSlTa na C'b~OBeTe H TSlXHaTa xapaxrepacraxa. KJIaCHq,HxaQUSlTa e TB'bp~e 061I1a: paarpaaaxeaa ca caMO TpH xareropaa C"~OBe - r'bpHeTa, KaHH H naHHQH. TeXHHTe THnOBe ca esmo TB"p~e 061I1H. B caMaTa CHcTeMaTH3aQHSI enponYCHaTO e~HO

4

TaKCOHOMHlfHO HHBO, KaTO Me)l(JlY "KaTeroPHSI" H "THn" JIHnCBa nOHSlTH,eTO "q,opMa "34.

B'b3npHeTHTe xareropaa C'b~OBe cszrspxar B ce6e CH MHO)l(eCTBO ~pyrH. B xareropasra "r'bpHeTa" epentasre ypHOBH~HHTe C'b~OBe H nHTOCHTe; KaHHTe ca o6e~HeHH C 'IaIlIHTe, xareropasra "naHHQU" BKJIIO'IBa H xyrnrre. AMq,OpOBH~HHTe C"~OBe, oT6eJISl3aHH B xaranora 3S, He ca cnOMeHaTH B KJIaCHq,HKaQUSlTa H He ca BKJIIO'IeHH B CTaTHCTHKRTa, nonofiao e H nOJIO)l(eHHeTO aa nOXJIynaQHTe.

B KaTaJIOra ca paarpaaaseaa CJIe~HHTe xareropaa C'b~OBe: naHHQU, KaHH, sanra, rspaera, ypaa, aMq,opOBH~HH C'b~OBe, aCKOCH H C"~OBe C oco6eHH q,0PMH. K'bM csnnrre rpyna ce npazrspxa H H. JI. Mepnepr+",

HaH-nO~p()6HO e paspafioreaa yxpacara na C'b~OBeTe, BH~OBeTe ~p'b)KKH H TSlXHaTa yxpaca. Pe3YJITaTHTe OT aHaJIH3a na H. JI. Mepnepr H P. KaTHH'IapOB MoraT ~a 6'b~aT BKJIIO'IeHH B OCHOBaTa aa KJIaCHq,HKaQUSlTa aa xepasraxara OT QSlJIa TpaKHSI.

Ilpa pasxomorre aa CeJIHlIlHaTa MOrHJIa B HOBa 3aropa 6e ~oKyMeHTHpaHa crpararparpCKH sa rrspsa rrsr cpenaara 6pOH30Ba enoxa.

5

CpaBHHTenHO nbnHO 6e OXapaKTepH3HpaHa H HeHHaTa xepaxmxa. no T03H Ha'lHH 6S1xa TO'lHO ,[{aTHpaHH penaua Ba)KHH IPOPMH, KaTO saunrre "THn CB. KHpHnOBo"37; KaHHTe C KOCH YCTHSI H C,KOHYCOBH,[{HH HnH QHnHH'[{pH'IHH H3paCTbQH BbPXY BHCOKHTe '[{Pb)KKH38, naHHQHTe C xy'1yp39, roner-tare nHTOCH40 H ztp. Te 6S1xa H3BeCTHH ,[{OToraBa KaTO cnY'IaHHH HaXO,[{KH HnH HSiMaxa CHrypHO CTpaTHrpalPCKO nono)KeHHe.

nOcne,[{HHTe pe3ynTaTH 6S1xa nOTBbp'[{eHH OT npOY'IBaHHSlTa ua cenaumara MorHna ,[{O C . .l1.SI'[{OBO, CnHBeHCKH OKpbr41. TaM crpararparpcxara nocnenosarenaocr ofixnauta pa3BHTHeTo, 3acBH,[{eTencTBYBaHo B Esepo H cennumara MorHna B HOBa 3aropa, B3eTH 3ae,[{Ho42• Tanonorusra na xepassaxara 6e ofiorareaa C HOBH IPOPMH H THnOBe (o6p. 5).

Ocofieao Ba)KHO anaxeaae HMaT nO,[{HOBeHHTe pasxonxa na cemnnaara MorHna. npn c. IOHaQHTe non PbKOBO,[{CTBOTO aa P. KaTHH'IapOB H H. 51. Mepnepr+'. Kepasmxara OT T03H 06eKT noaaonssa ,[{a ce nOCTaBH BbnpOCbT aa aanaxae aa xynrypaa caMOCTOSITenHOCT B sanazmara sacr na TpaKHSI npea cpennara 6pOH30Ba enoxa+'.

Ilocnennara ofiofnuaaauta paspafiorxa aa KepaMH'IHOTO npOH3BO,[{CTBO npes 6pOH30BaTa enoxa B IOroH3To'lHa DbnrapHSI e zieno aa P. KaTHH'IapOB45• Bsnpexa 'Ie asropt.r pasrnexzta xepasraxara B HaH-06mHSI KOHTeKCT aa xynrypnoro pa3BHTHe, TOH e npennoxan TBbp,[{e nonpofiaa H H3,[{bp)KaHa KnaCHIPHKaQHSI H ranonoras. 3a csscaneaae Ta3H cHcTeMaTH3aQHSI, KOSITO npencraansaa npanoc B pa3BHTHeTo na npoY'IBaHHSlTa H B KOSITO ca o606meHH BCH'IKH H3BeCTHH nororasa '[{aHHH, He e ny6nHKYBaHa HanbnHO.

B namara ofima KnacHIPHKaQHSI aa xepaMHKaTa OT paanara H cpenaara 6poH30Ba enoxa ca npnaneseaa ,[{aHHHTe OT nO'lTH BCH'IKH o6eKTH B TpaKHSI, npoyseaa spea apxeonorasecxa pasxonxa. HHlPopMaQHSlTa, KOSITO npe,[{H3BHKBa CbMHeHHe nopazta HeTO'lHOTO npanarane na crpararparpcxas MeTO,[{, KaKTO H Ta3H OT TepeHHHTe o6XO)K,[{aHHSI, e csepeaa C ,[{aHHHTe OT o6eKTH-eTanoHH. TaKHBa ca cenaunrare MorHnH Esepo, B HOBa 3aropa H npa c. IOHaQHTe46•

Ilpa ofiofintaaanero na HanH'IHaTa HHIPOPMaQHSI e aanpaaen onar ,[{a ce 06Bbp)KaT BCH'IKH xapaKTepHH '1epTH Ha KepaMHKaTa B e,[{HHHa CHCTeMa, orpasssama OCHOBHI:ITe TeH,[{eHQHH B pa3BHTHeTo H. Ta3H CHCTeMa npare)KaBa CBOSI crpyarypa C onpenensum enesseaTH. 3a IPOpMynHpaHeTo aa nOCne,[{HHTe ca npaera KaTO OCHOBHH cnezraare npHHQHnH:

IPYHKQHOHanHHSlT,TexHOnOrH'IHHSlT, qio p ss a n a a s r H zre x o p a THBHHSlT. Te OT CBOSI crpana onpenensr H OCHOBHHTe HHBa na CHCTeMaTa (rafin. I). Heo6xo,[{HMO e zta ce orfienexa, 'Ie rrspsare TpH npaanana ca OT,[{eneHH e):{HH OT ztpyr C uen no-rrsnao na ce xapaxrepasapa H3cne,[{BaHHSlT o6eKT. B ,[{eHCT-

fl -:1

Ta6J1. I. KJlacHqlHKaUHoHHa cxewa aa Cb)].OBeTe OT paHHaTa H cpe)].HaTa 6poH30Ba enoxa B TpaKH~

TexHHKa aa yKpac~BaHe

M~CTO na YKpacaTa

BHTenHOCT 're ca TSiCHO caspaaaa H npa ofipafiorxara aa xepasorxara TBbp,[{e '1eCTO ce npanarar CbBMeCTHO. Hanpnsrep lPopMaTa aa ,[{a,[{eH Cb,[{ nasa OCHOBHa HHlPopMaQHSI sa IPYHKQHOHanHOTO My npenaasnaseane. Ilpa IPparMeHTapHO CbCTOSlHHe aa KepaMH'IHHSI MaTepHan aapen C peKOHCTpYHpaHaTa lPopMa sa H'[{eHTHIPHQHpaHe na IPYHKQHOHanHOCTTa ce H3non3YBaT TaKHBa npH3HaQH KaTO rpH)KnHBOCT aa H3pa6oTKaTa, nefenana aa nosra, npHMeCH B TeCTOTO H np., KOHTO ce OTHaCSIT KbM TeXHOnOrH'IHHSI. npHHQHn. B nocnenaas nOCO'feH. cnY'laH na rrspso MSiCTO ce OKa3Ba TeXHOnOrH'IHHSlT npHHQHn, cnezt TOBa IPOPMallHHSlT H HaKpaSi -- IPYHKQHOHanHHSlT. He ca PSl,[{KOCT H npasiepare, B KOHTO nocneztosarenHOCTTa HMa ofiparen pen. TOBa 3aTpY,[{HSIBa 3H.a'lHTenHO asrpaaoraaero na ezma raspno IPHKcHpaHa HepapxHSI Ha OTnenHHTe HHBa B KnacHIPHKaQHSlTa. ETO santo npa onpenensae nocnenosarenaocrra na npHHQHnHTe (H HHBa.ra) CMe ce csotipasana r naBHO C eranare aa npoH3BOnCTBoTO aa rnHHeHHTe csnoae, KOHTO H no rmec rpsasapare cnaasar B CBOSiTa pafiora, 3a IPOpMYBaHeTo aa onpenenea Cbn (nanp.sama) ce HMa npensan aa rrspso MSiCTO HerOBOTO npenaasaaseaae, cnen KoeTO ce H36Hpa nOnXOAAma TeXHonorHSI (BHn H crenen aa npesacrsaae H ofessracnsaaae aa rnaaara, TeXHHKa aa lPopMYBaHe, pe)KHM .aa H3nH'IaHe H T. H.). B o6mH nHHHH ce crrasaa IIOCnenOBaTenHOCTTa: IPYHKQHOHanHO npennasaaseaae, 'rex-

5

HHKa aa H3pa60TBaHe, <l>opMaJIHH oc06eHOCTH, yxpaca.

Pe~~T Ha npHHQHnHTe HMa H eBpHCTHqHa CTOHHOCT, T~H KaTO re ca HOCHTeJIH na onpenenena RHopMaQHJI, CTeneHYBaHa no xapaxrepa na CBOJlTa 061I1HOCT.

Cnopen <l>YHKQHOHaJIHHJI npHHQHn rJIHHeHHTe ~~OBe MOraT na 6~~aT pa3~eJIeHH B TpH rOJIeMH r p y n H: <l>HHa (rpanesaa) xepaxmxa, KYXHeHCKa xepasmxa H rpy6a KepaMHKa (Tapa). Te3H rpyna H3rpa)IC~aT n~pBOTO, HaR-061I1oTO HHBO aa KJIacHHKaQHJlTa. OTJIHKHTe Me)IC~y TpHTe rpyna ca H3BecTHH OT nareparypara H ca xapaxrepna He caMO aa KepaMHKaTa OT panaara 6pOH30Ba enoxa, HO H H3061I10 aa npaHCTOpHJlTa. n~JIHaTa xapaxrepacraxa aa rpyrnrre TyK e HeB~3MO)ICHa H 3aTOBa me ovepraesr caxro HJlKOH OT THnHqHHTe HM oc06eHOCTH.

Fpynare HMaT KaKTO <l>YHKQHOHaJIHa, raxa H rexsonorasecaa xapaxrepacraxa. B TexHHTe paMKH ca 06e~HHeHH ~~OBe C pa3JIHqHH <l>0PMH. HJlKOH OT TJlX ca BKJIlOqeHH casro B erma rpyna - aanpasrep qaUIHTe H KaHHTe (B rpanesaara KepaMHKa); rupaerara H xynnre (B KyxHeHCKaTa xepasraxa); nHTOCHTe H aMopoBH~HHTe C~~OBe (B rpynara aa rpyfiara xepasnrxa) . .l1.pyrH C~~OBe MoraT zta ce OTHecaT K~M nse rpyna: lIaHHQHTe (B rpynare H H a H K Y X He H C K a xepasraxa), ypHOBH~HHTe C~~OBe (B rpyrnrre KYXHeHCKa H rpy6a xepasorxa) H ~p. C~lIlecTBYBaT C~lIlO rasa H C~~OBe, KOHTO ca HaMHpaJIH npHJIO)ICeHHe B pa3JIHqHH 06pe~H HpHTyaJIH - aarrpasrep acxocare, KaHHTe H ypHoBH~HHTe csnoae. Tyx 're ca pasrnenaaa KaTO 6HToBa xepasraxa, T~R KaTO ~aHHHTe OT pasxormrre H KOJIHqecTBeHHJI aHaJIR3 n03BOJIJlBaT ~a ce CqHTa, 'Ie ca HMaJIH YTHJIHTapHO npenaaaaaseaae+",

Cnopen TeXHOJIOrHqHHJI npHHQHn KepaMHxara ce pa3~eJIJI aa CJIe~HHTe B H ~ 0 B e: sepaa nOJIHpaHa, CHBO-qepHa nOJIHpaHa, Ka<l>JlBa noJIHpaHa, Ka<l>JlBa H3JI~CKaHa, KepaMHKa aa nerna, anrotiapaaa xepasmxa, xepaa rpy6a, TYXJIeHOqepBeHa rpy6a H np. Morar ~a 6~~aT onpeneneaa He nO-MaJIKO OT 12 OT~eJIHH BH~a. Te ca 03HaqeHH cnopen xapaxrepaaa CH UBJIT HJIH 06pa60TKa aa nOB~pxHOCTTa, HO Te3H Ha3BaHHJI ca YCJIOBHH H ca npnera aa YJIecHeHHe aa pafiorara, BC~lIlHOCT BH~OBaTa xapaxTepHcTHKa 06xBalIla pe~Hua ~pyrH npH3HaUH, KaTO: KOHQeHTpaUHJI H xapaxrep na npasrecare B rJIHHaTa, HaJIHqHe na ~On~JIHHTeJIHO nOKpHTHe (aarofia HJIH IlIJIHK), xapaxrep aa amasaHeTO (paBHOMepHO HJIH aa neraa), crenen aa H3nHqaHeTO (OTqHTaHO no JIOMa - C sepaa HBHQa, cspneaaaa HJIH paaaossepea) H ztp.

BCHqKHTe BH~OBe KepaMHKa ce BKJIlOqBaT B eznra HJIH HJlKOJIKO OT <l>YHKUHOHaJIHHTe rpyna, BH~OBeTe HOCJlT TeXHOJIOrHqHaTa xapaxrepHCTHKa aa rpynare, Il'speare qeTHPH OT H36poeHHTe no-rope ca THllHqHH sa <l>HHaTa xepasraxa. BH~OBeTe a H r 0 6 H P a H a KepaMHxa H KepaMHKa na neraa ca HaR-qeCTO B

6

rpynara aa KYXHeHCKaTa xepasraxa, HO nosesero C~~OBe C Te3H TeXHOJIOrHqHH oc061.'!HOCTH MoraT na 6~~aT OTHeeeHH K~M <l>HHaTa xepaxnnca. BH~OBOTO pasaoofipaaae npa rpy- 6aTa xepasraxa e HaH-MaJIKO,,. ~OKaTO npa <l>HHaTa ce cpeutar 3HaqHTeJIHO noaese OT H3BeCTHHTe zrocera BH~OBe.

rOJIJlMa sacr OT BH~OBeTe HMaT XPOHOJIOrnsecxa CTOHHOCT H MoraT na CJI~aT KaTO 6a3a sa H3CJIe~BaHe na nposseaare B KepaMHqaara TeXHOJIOrHJI. Te3H nposreaa ca JlCHO ~OJIOBHMH npa npexona OT paaaara K~M cpezmara 6poH30Ba enoxa . .l1.aHHHTe OT I-IV cTpOHTeJIeH XOPH30HT aa cemnnaara MOrHJIa B Ka3aHJI~K48 cBH~eTeJICTBYBaT, -'Ie ~~OBeTe OT BH~a "cHBo-Ka<l>JlBa H3~KaHa xepasosxa" H ,.,Ka<l>JlBa aarofiapaaa KepaMHKa" ca OKOJIO 60%. TeXHHJIT OTHOCHTeJIeH ~JlJI nOCTeneHHO napacrsa no CTpOHTeJIHH XOPH30HTH aa CMeTKa aa HaMaJIJlBaHeTO aa nena aa C~~OBeTe OT BH~a "qepHa H3JI~CKaHa KepaMHKa", xapaxrepen sa panaara 6pOH30Ba enoxa. Ilspsare nsa BH~a HMaT npaxseca OT nJl~K H llIaMOT B rJIHHaTa, KoeTO CBH~eTeJICTBYBa aa pa3BHTHe B TeXHOJIOrHJlTa aa npOH3BO~CTBOTO HM. Te CTaBaT ~OMHHHpalIlH npes cpenaara 6pOH30Ba enoxa+".

HJlKOH OT BH~OBeTe HMaT H perHOHaJIHO aaaseaae. BH~~T "Ka<l>JlBa nOJIHpaHa xepasraxa" e oc06eHO xapaxrepen aa XIII-XIV CTpOHTeJIeHXOpH30HT Ha CeJIHlIlHaTa MOrHJIa npa c. IOHaUHTeso, ~OKaTO B CHHXpOHlmTe paHH06poH30BH CeJIHlIla na IOroH3ToqHa li~JIrapas nOqTH He ce cpema. OT~eJIHH <l>parMeHTH ca OTKpHTH B yxpeneaoro cenatne "OB'Iapana 11"51.

MO)ICe na ce 3aKJIlOqH, 'Ie HaH-6~p3H ca H3MeHeHHJlTa aa B~OBeTe OT rpynara aa <l>HHaTa xepasraxa, ~OKaTO npa rpyfiara xepaMHKa 're He ce npOMeHJlT B npOTe)ICeHHe aa paHHaTR 6pOH30Ba enoxa H TB~p~e MaJIKOnpea cpenaara 6pOH30Ba enoxa. Ilpa TJlX He ce Ha6JIIO~aBaT csnrecrseaa pa3JIHqHJI H B OT~eJIHHTe npoH3Bo~cTBeHH paROHH aa TpaKHJlS2.

CJIe~BalIlOTO HHBO B KJIacHHKaQHJlTa ce saesra OT KaT e r 0 p H H T e rJIHHeHH ~~OBe. Onpenenam aa UX e <l>YHKQHOHaJIHHJIT npaaQHn, HO npHJIO)ICeH aa TOBa HHBO, TOR n03BOJIJlBa na ce KOHKpeTH3Hpa ynorpefiara na C~~OBeTe B 6HTa. C~lIleCTBeHa pOJIJI B TOBa OTHOllleHHe arpae H <l>opMaJIHHJlT npHHUHn, ~OTOJIKOBa, ~OKOJIKOTO BCJlKa KaTerOpHJI HOCH HaHMeHOBaHHe, npOH3THqalIlO H OT KOHKpeTnara <l>opMa na C~~OBeTe B nea, Tys e MJlCTOTO na nOCOqHM, 'Ie B npoueca aa H~eHTHHUHpaHe na <l>YHKUHHTe aa KepaMH'IHHTe C~~OBe TB~p~e qeCTO ce npanara T. Hap. npHHQHn na aKTYaJIH3aQHJlTa. AKO JIHllCBaT KOHKPeTHH ~aHHH OT repeaa, H3CJIe~OBaTeJIHTe ca CKJIOHHH ~a npHeMaT, 'Ie npaHCTOpH'IecKHTe ~~oBe C <l>0PMH, CXO~HH aa c~BpeMeHHHTe, ca HMaJIH no~06Ho HJIH ~OpH H~eHTHqHO npe~a3Ha'leHHe. ETO aamo nO-rOJIJlMaTa xacr OT xarero-

6

• 06p. 6 ... 5b'l606UOIIC CbO'le" om cenuiquama MOZUAa 6 Ka3a1IAbK. Pexoncmpyxuus, «pas Ita pauuama 6pOlt306a enoxa. M = 1 :2. Fig. 6 ... Vase en forme de tonneau" du tell dans la ville de Kazanlak, Reconstruction. fin de rage du bronze tardif. M = 1:2

pmrre HOCSIT craporp'suxu, JIaTHHCKH HJIH 6bJIrapCKH Ha3BaHHSI. THnH'IeH npasrep ca a C KOCH r e, aM <P ° p HTe (aM<p0POBH,n:HHTe csnose, csnosere C ,n:Be ,n:Pb:lKKH), n H TO C H T e H ztp. .LJ:PyrH csnose, KOHTO ca 6e3 nO-KbCHH aHaJI03H, ca nOJIY'IHJIH onHCaTeJIHH HaHMeHoBaHHSI, KOHTO He rosopar HHll.(O sa TSlXHaTa <PYHKUHSI - nanpmrep ,,6 b 'I BOB H,n: H H Cb,n:sera" (06p. 6) HJIH T. Hap. "Cb,n:oBe C ,n:pb:lKKH sa OKa'lBaHe"53. RBHO e, 'Ie npa 3a,n:bJI60'laBaHe na aHaJIH3a B Ta3H nOCOKa ce ztocrara no npoasa na nporaaopesne Me:lK,n:y <p0pMaJIHHSI H <PYHKUHOHaJIHHSI npHHUHn: HeBHHarH HaHMeHOBaHHSlTa ce nOKpHBaT HanbJIHO C yrrorpefia'ra aa csnosere. Karo perynarop ycnenmo MoraT na ce H3nOJI3YBaT ,n:aHHHTe OT TepeHa B Te3H CJIY'laH, B KOHTO csnosere ca oTKpHBaHH C HH<p0pMaUHSI aa TSlXHaTa ynorpefia, Taxa aanpaxrep rOJISIMaTa 3aCTbneHOCT na ypnoBH,n:HHTe csnose B cenmuara ce ,n:bJI:lKH He na ynorpefiara HM B norpe6aJIHHSI ofipezt (H3nOJI- 3YBaHH ca aa norpefisaae na MaJIKH ztena non nonosere aa :lKHJIHll.(aTa HJIH nozt neunrre), a na <paKTa, ,n:oKYMeHTHpaH MHoroKpaTHo, 'Ie ca 6HJIH H3nOJI3YBaHH sa csxpatrenae aa 3bpHeHH xpamr B HerOJIeMH KOJIH'IeCTBa 54.

3acera e Bb3MO:lKHO na 6b,n:aT pasrpaaa'1eHH CJIe,n:HHTe xareropaa rJIHHeHH csnose: n a H HUH, K Y n H, K a H H, 'I a III H, Y P HOB H nHH csztose, nHToCH, aM<p0POBH,n:HH csnose, r b p H e r a, a C K ° C H, M a JI K H csnsera, np yr H <p ° P M H, no XJIyn a UH.

ApXeOJIOrH'IeCKHTe ,n:aHHH CBH,n:eTeJICTBYBaT 3a nOJIH<PYHKUHOHaJIHOCTTa Ha Cb,n:oBeTe OT nosexero xareropan. rJIaBHaTa Tpy,n:HOCT npa oTHaCSIHeTo na ztazten Cb,n: KbM onpezteneaa KaTeropHSI npOH3TH'Ia OT BTOPHSI acneKT Ha cnosreaaroro no-rope nporaeopesae npa csrJIaCYBaHeTo na <p0pMa.JIHHSI C <PYHKUHOHaJIHHSI npHHUHn. Cbll.(eCTBYBaT <pOPMH, KOHTO nopana CBOHTe paasrepa (narrp. MaJIKHTe nOJIyC<pePH'I-

HH naHHUH, MaJIKHn~ KaHH C nJIaBeH np0<pHJI, rOJIeMHTe '1aIlIH H ztp.) HJIH nopann HaJIH'IHeTO na HSiKOH ,n:eTIlHJIH (nanp. ,n:Be ,n:pb:lKKH npa naHHUHTe, '1y'lYP'H npa HSiKOH xyna, xpasera H ztp.) MoraT zta 6b~aT OTHeceHH KbM pa3JIH'IHH xareropmr. ETo samo 're ca B H3BeCTeH CMHCbJI YCJIOBHH H Me:lK,n:y TSiX He Cbll.(eCTBYBaT no npHHUHn CTporo onpe,n:eJIeHH rpaHHUH. Te3H nsnpoca TpSl6Ba zta 6b,n:aT peuraaaaa KOHKpeTHO sa BceKH apXeOJIOrH'IeCKH 06eKT, 6e3 na ce OMaJIOBa:lKaBaT nOCO'leHHTe 06ll.(H saxonoxsepHOCTH.

Il'spnare '1eTHpH xareropan, KaKTO H xareropasra "rbpHeTa" HMaT Tpa,n:HUHOHHH 6bJIrapCKH HMeHa. Ilpa TSiX HMa HaH-rOJISlMO nOKpHTHe Me:lK,n:y Ha3BaHHSlTa H <PYHKUHSlTa HM: namnnrre no Tpa,n:HUHSI ce C'IHTaT KaTO cs.none aa xpaneae, xynare-s-csnoee aa pascarraaae na xpana, '1aIlIHTe - csnose aa rrneue, a rt-paerara - csztoae aa npnrcrsane aa xpana. IlbJIHO nOKpHTHe Cbll.(eCTBYBa H npa noxrrynaUHTe-Te HMaT HeH3MeHHa H Henpe,n:H3BHKsaura ,n:HCKYCHH <PYHKUHSI. OT,n:eJIeHH ca B caMOCTOSlTeJIHa xareropas, TbH KaTO sacera HSiMaMe ,n:OCTaTb'lHO ,n:aHHH 3a TO'lHOTO HM OTHaCSlHe KbM OCTaHaJIHTe xareropaa.

OT <p0pMaJIHa rnenna TO'lKa xareropnsra "MaJIKH csztsera" e HanbJIHO xereporenna. B nes ce cpemar <p0pMHTe aa nO'ITH BCH'IKH rOJIeMH csnose. B xareropasra BJIH3aT csnose, KOHTO ca 06e,n:HHeHH nopazta TBbp,n:e cxoznnrre CH pasxrepa H sepoxrno enaopozmara CH <PYHKUHSI. Bb3MO:lKHO e re zta ca 6HJIH H3nOJI3YBaHH 3a cbxpaHSlBaHe Ha onpe,n:eJIeHH sentecraa B MaJIKH KOJIH'IeCTBa, sa pa3MHnane na MHHepaJIHH 60H, aa ,n:eTCKH arpasxa HJIH aaxpaa-e-zta ca HMaJIH pHTyaJIHH <PYHKUHH (?). Bb3MO:lKHO e HSIKOH zra ca 6HJIH H Mo,n:eJIH B KepaMH'IHOTO npoH3Bo,n:CTBO - TOJIKOBa TO'lHO xormpar ,n:eTaHJIHTe aa rOJIeMHTe csnose. H~nOCJIe,n:bK 6e 'OTKPH'fO H C'b,n:'1e OT Ta3H xareropas, noceao no BCSlKa BepoSiTHoCT KaTO aMYJIeT5.5.

Csnosere OT xareropasrra ",n:pyrH <P0PMH" ca e,n:HHH'IHH eK3eMnJISlpH. qacT OT TSiX ca H_MHTaUHSI na BHOCHH 06pa3UH56 HJIH TaKHBa, npa KOHTO ca KOM6HHHpaHH ,n:eTaHJIH, npezmonaraura cneuadnoraara HM ynorpefia.

B'srrpexa nOCO'leHHTe ,n:OTYK oc06eHoCTH, KOHTO zrasar orpascenue BbPXY H3BeCTHaTa YCJIOBHOCT aa xareropaare, TpSl6Ba na nozrsepTaeM, 'Ie Te ca CJIe,n:CTBHe BepoSiTHo Ha e,n:Ha onpeneneaa peaJIHOCT: nOJIH<PYHKUHOHaJIHOCT na noaesero OT csrtonere. TOBa ce nposnasa KaKTO BbB <p0pMaTa, 'raxa H B rOJIeMHHaTa (T. e. 06eMa) H ocofieaocrure aa H3pa60TKaTa HM.

OT XpOHOJIOrH'IeCKa rnezma TO'lKa MO:lKeM zta YCTaHoBHM rm-pzte HHTepecHH H3MeHeHHSI. Jloaexero OT xareropaare ca H3BeCTHH ouie OT Ha'laJIOTO Ha paHHaTa 6poH30Ba enoxa. Te npozrsnxasar zta ce cpeutar H npea cpennara 6poH30Ba enoxa, a KaTO enao OT MaJIKOTO H3KJIlO'IeHHSI MO:lKeM zta nOCO'lHM npoaasortcrBOTO na aCKOCH B IOrOH3TO'lHa DbJIrapHSI.

7

Cnopezt narra-mara I1H<pOpMa~I1S1 're He ce CpeLQaT TaM CJIe,n: xpas aa rrspaas eran na xy rrrypa Esepo.

ITpoMeHIITe npa OT,n:eJIHIITe xareropna ce I13pa3S1BaT naa-neae B npecrpyxrypapane na TSlXHaTa KOJIIIqeCTBeHa 3aCT'hneHOCT. Taxa nanpmaep B xpax na pannara 6pOH30Ba erroxa qYBcTBIITeJIHO HapacTBa 6pOSIT Ha KaHliTe II qalIIIITe. .LJ:aHHIITe OT CeJIIILQHIITe MOrIlJIli B Hosa 3aropa 57, Ka3aHn'hK58 II zto C . .LJ:SI,n:OBO, CJIIIBeHCKII OKp'hr59, CBII,n:eTeJICTBYBaT, qe TOBa e 06LQa 3aKOHOMepHOCT sa Tpaxas. ITo,n:06Ha TeH,n:eH~I1S1 ce npOSlBSIBa II, npa nOXJIyna~I1Te, KaTO npe3 cpe,n:HaTa 6poH30Ba enoxa ce nOSlBSIBaT II HSiKOli HOBII <pOPMII (06p. 7). HaMaJISIBa 6pOSIT na rt.paerara II aM<p0POBII,n:HliTe ct.nose, ,n:OKaTO naHII~I1Te II ypHOBII,n:HIITe csztose no Tpa,n:I1~I1S1 sanaaaar CBoeTO Bo,n:eLQO nOJIO)!(eHIIe60.

Tm.pzte BepOSiTHO e Te3I1 I13MeHeHIISI zta ca OTpa)!(eHIIe Ha I13BeCTHa npOMSIHa B 6I1Ta Ha ,n:peBHOTO HaCeJIeHIIe, T'hR KaTO B, xpaana CMeTKa npOIl3Bo,n:CTBOTO Ha e,n:I1H C'h,n: e npe,n:I13BIIKaHO OT nyxztara na ce 3a,n:OBOJISIT cneUII<pIIqHII norpetiaocrn. BTOPIlSIT <paKTop e HenpeK'hCHaTOTO YC'hB'hplIIeHCTBYBaHe Ha CTapaTa <popMa C'h06pa3HO ezma nOCTOSlHHO sanasnauta ce <PYHKUliOHaJIHOCT, HO TOR OKa3Ba nO-CliJIHO B'h3,n:eRCTBlie B'hPXY CTpYKTypaTa aa BCSlKa xareropas.

<l>opMaJIHlISiT npanuan e onpeztenaut npa CJIe,n:BalUoTo HlIBO B KJIaClI<plIKaUlISiTa <popMaJIHO-TlInOJIOrllqeCKOTO. OT apxeonornsecxa r nezma TOqKa TO e OCHOBHO, T'hH KaTO B Hero e xonueurpapaaa HaH-3HaqIlMaTa lIH<POpMaUlISi. OCHOBHaTa TaKCOHOMlIqHa e,n:lIHlIua - <p 0 P MaT a, ce ,n:e<plIHlIpa OT peztnua B .... JIlIqllHlI, KOllTO ce HaMlIpaT B onpeneneno C'hOTHOWeHlIe nosrexny ClI II liM ar xa-recraeaa II KOJIlIqeCTBeHa xapaxrepacrnxa (06p. 8). Te3l1 BeJIlIqllHlI ca lI3Be,n:eHlI CTaTlICTIIqeCKlI, a TSlXHOTO C'hOTHOWeHlIe (nanp. BlICOqIlHaTa na cuna cnpswo ,n:lIaMeT'hpa na YCTlIeTo II ,n:lIaMeT'hpa na ,n:'hHOTO npn KOHlIqHIITe nanaua) pasrpannsaaa erma <popMa OT ztpyra. KOJIKOTO e noCJIO)!(Ha <popMaTa, TOJIKOBa noaese BeJIlIqllHlI yqaCTBYBaT npn HeHHoTo onacsaae. Taxa aanpnxrep npn cnojaenarare KOHlIqHlI nanann re ca caxro rpa, ,n:OKaTO npn aCKOClITe - 3HaqllTeJIHO nosexe (06p. 8). KaKTo nOCJIe,n:HIIre csnose, raxa II HSiKOll <pOPMlI KaHlI II santa lIMaT BepTlIKaJIHa I1JIlI XOpIl30HTaJIHa aClIMeTpas (nOHSIKora II zmere) aa TSlJIOTO lIJIlI aa OT,n:eJIHlI ,n:eTaHJIlI. TOBa YTe)!(HSIBa 3HaqllTeJIHO ~SlXHOTO rpadmsao ormcanne II KJIaCII<plIKaUlISi.

T II n 'h T e nozrsnaea na <popMaTa II 3aBlIClI OT aasnua tra O<popMSlHe na oT,n:eJIHIITe sacra na csna - YCTlIe, lIIlISI, nneuta II T. H. B pasrxare na ezma <popMa TlInOBeTe ce paarpaHlIqaBaT eztan OT ztpyr na fiasara na CTaTlICTIIqeCKlI onpertenena 'nmoonpertenauta BeJIlIqllHlI. Te ca 3HaqllTeJIHO no-,n:eTaHJIlI3I1paHII OT rpopwoortpenenaunrre II TSlXHOTO C'hOTHOlIIeHlIe ce onpenens He OT TeKTOHlIKaTa na c'snoaere, a OT TSlXHaTa npodianaponxa.

8

• 06p, 7, TAUHell CbO om IV cmpoumenen xopusonm na cenutunama M02UAa 00 c. /(Jl0060, cpeoua 6poH306a enoxa. Fig. 7. Vase d'argile du IVe horizon de construction du tell pres du village Djadovo, l'dge du bronze moyen

• 06p. 8, Mempuuuu oaunu sa onpeoe nsue ua rP0pMume, munoeeme U noomunoeeme 2AUHeHU csooee (a-2, ;HC-M = I::!; o-M = 1:4; e-M = 1: 10). Fig. 8. Donnees metriques pour la determination des formes, des types et des sous-types de vases d'argile (a=e. JH.:-M= 1:2; iJ-M=1 :4; e-M= 1:10)

OT,n:eJIHlITe n o n T II nOB e B pasrxare na e,n:lIH run ce pasrpaaa-raaar C'h06pa3HO 0<P0PMJIeHIIeTO na xapaxrepmrre ,n:eTaHJIlI. Cpezt TSiX HOClITeJI Ha HaH-npeUlI3Ha apxeOJIOrllqeCKa lIH<popMaUlISi e npO<plIJIlIpOBKaTa Ha p'h6a Ha YCTlIeTO, CeqeHIIeTO na ,n:p'h)!(KliTe II zrp. ETO 3alUO, asnpexa qe nozrranoaere I1MaT II KOJIIIsecraeaa onpenenenocr, cnopen Hac OT norOJISIMO 3HaqeHlIe e xasecraeaara liM xapaxrepacruxa. KaKTO TlInOBeTe, raxa II nozrrnnoaeTe ce OTqllTaT CTaTliCTlIqeCKlI.

ITo lI3KJUOqeHlIe B ClICTeMaTlI3aUIISITa e B'h3MO)!(HO na 6'h,n:e m.neztea II TepMlIH'hT B a p II a HT na 'rnna. B cnyxaa TOH saesra HaHHlICKOTO TaKCOHOMlIqHO normaso II 0603Haqasa ,n:eTaHJIlITe aa csnonere, KOllTO liM ar XpOHOJIOrllqeCKa lIJIlI KOMnapaTlIBHa CTOHHOCT, MaKap II na npr,s nornezt zta ca He3HaqllTeJIHlI OT <popMaJIHa rrrenaa TOqKa. TaKlIBa ca nanpasrep lI3paCT'hUlITe B'hPXy BepTlIKaJIHlITe ,n:'hrOBlI,n:HlI ,n:P'h)!(KII OT cpeznra'ra 6pOH30Ba enoxa lIJIli O<popMSlHeTO na TYHeJIeCTlITe ,n:P'h)!(KlI B'hPXy namnnrre OT paHHaTa 6pOH30Ba enoxa. B qaCTHaTa KJIaClI<plIKaUlISi na ,n:p'h)!(KlITe Te3I1 oc06eHOCTlI 6l1xa MOrJIlI na 6'h,n:aT OTHeceHII K'hM nozrrnnosere, a B 06lUaTa KJIaCII<plIKaUliSi na KepaMliKaTa - K'hM aapaarrnrre. Taspne qeCTO npn onpeztensHe Ha Bap"aHT"Te yqaCTlIe B3eMa II YKpacaTa Ha xapaKTepHlITe ,n:eTaHJIII, HaH-Beqe peJIe<pna ra.

7

8

I-- __ O---'-y_

.. q:;l 0
e 2
.n, 0,
y h

3

DT

-------1

6

o

H

h

1,3

o 2

H

I,

H

H

opMHTe rJIHHeHH CD,llOBe ca C HaHMeHOBaHHSI, KOHTO 6Hxa n03BOJIHJIH zta ee HaMaJIH no MHHHMYM Cy6eKTHBH3M'bT npa OnHCaHHeTO HM. 3a 6a3a npHeMaMe Ha3BaHHSlTa na HSiKOH OCHOBHH reOMeTpH'IHH TeJIa: ccpepa, QHJIHH,ll'bP, KOHYC H np. A6CTpaXHpaHKH ee OT HeH36e:Jl(HHTe HeCDOTBeTCTBHSI, CJIe,llCTBHe aa CPOPMYBaHeTO aa psxa HJIH aa npHMHTHBeH rpsnxapCKH xpsr, MO:Jl(eM,lla CDnOCTaBHM BCSlKa cpOpMa C Te3H reOMeTpH'IHH TeJIa HJIH C KOM6HHaQHSI na HSiKOJIKO OT TSiX. TaKOBa C'bnOCTaBSlHe 06a'le HeBHHarH e Han'bJIHO B'b3MO:Jl(HO, T'bH KaTO HSiKOH CD,llOBe ca C'bC CJIO:Jl(HH aCHMeTpH'IHH $OpMH HJIH ca C'bCTaBeHH OT reOMeTpH'IHO aMOp$HH 'IaCTH. ETo samo ca sanaseaa 'IaCT OT Tpa,llHQHOHHHTe HaHMeHOBaHHSI, KaTO B HSiKOH OT TSiX e BJIO:Jl(eHO HOBO cszrspxaaae. Ilozt "naHHQH C'bC 3aBHT p'b6 aa YCTHeTO" (HH$opMaQHSlTa OT .roaa Ha3BaHHe OTHacSi csna K'bM onpenenea nozrran, a He K'bM THn HJIH $opMa) ce pa36Hpa caMOCrOSlTeJIHa $opMaJIHa rpyna, HMalIla csiuara HH$opMaQHOHHa CTOHHOCT' KaTO TepMHHHTe "KOHH'IHa" HJIH "QHJIHH,llpH'IHa" naaaua.

THnOBeTe, nonranosere H BapHaHTHTe HSIMaT c06CTBeHH HaHMeIlOBaHHSI. Te ca 03Ha'leHH C QH$pH, KoeTO e BCDlIlHOCT KO,ll aa MamHHHa 06pa60TKa aa HH$opMaQHSlTa, HJIH C QHCPPH H 6YKBH aa KOHKpeTHaTa apXeOJIOrH'IeCKa pa- 60Ta.

Ilo-ocofeao nOJIO:Jl(eHHe B KJIacHcpHKaQHSlTa aaexsa yxpacara aa rJIHHeHHTe csztose, na TeXHHTe 'IaCTH H ,lleTaHJIH. Yxpacara e pasneJIeHa B ,llBe OCHOBHH nO,llHHBa -- TeXHHKa Ha HaHaCSlHe; opHaMeHTaJIHH KOMn03HQHH H MOTHBH .. B'bB BTOPOTO nO,llHHBO e B'b3MO:Jl(HO na ce aanpasa H nO-,lleTaHJIHO paarpaaaseaae.

JJ:eKopaTHBHHSlT npHHQHn, onpenenam TOBa TaKCOHOMH'IHO HHBO, e HaH-TSlcHO CB'bp3aH C $opMaJIHHSI. Tsxaara B3aHMHa 06YCJIOBeHOCT, B KOSITO npes 6poH30BaTa enoxa B TpaKHSI SlBeH npesec HMa $opMaTa, ce H3pa3S1- sa B nO,llHHBOTO "MSlCTO aa yxpacara". Ilpes pannara H cpeznrara 6poH30Ba enoxa yxpacara ce pa3BHBa B'bB Bee nO-TSICHa Bp'b3Ka C $opMaTa, KaTO nOCTeneHHO ry6H rOJISlMa 'IaCT OT CBOSlTa CMHCJIOBa HaTOBapeHOCT. TSI npaztofiaaa TB'bp,lle 'IeCTO H3KJIIO'IHTeJIHO zrexopaTHBHa CTOHHOCT, KoeTO OT CBOSI CTpaHa e 6eJIer aa ycsaspureacrayaaae aa 3aHaSlT'IHHCKOTO npOH3BO,llCTBO. KaKTO 6e oT6eJISl3aHO, yxpacara noaaxora npaaasa THnOJIOrH'IecKa 3aB'bpmeHOCT Ha HSIKOH 'IaCTH H ,lleTaHJIH Ha csnoaere. TOBa HaH-SiCHO e H3pa3eHO npa YCTHSITa aa naHHQHTe, ypHOBH,llHHTe csnose, HSiKOH THnOBe KaHH H zrp, OT rrspsara nOJIOBHHa na panaara 6pOH30Ba enoxa. Te ca c pe3KH,SlMH'IKH HJIH penerpaa JIeHTH, KOHTO O$OpMSlT TSlXHaTa npodiamrpossa. ETO santo B 061IlaTa KJIaCHcpHKaQHSI MOTHBHTe H KOMn03HQHHTe ca CB'bp3aHH C nozrranosere H THnOBeTe xepasraxa, TIo T03H Ha'lHH 6HXa MOrJIH ,lla ee H36erHaT MHor06pOHHHTe KOpeJIaQHOHHH Ta6- JIHQH6t, KOHTO ca TB'bp,lle HeY,ll06HH sa xonapa-

10

He aa HHcpopMaQHSlTa HJIH npa pafiorara C no- 06eMHCT MaTepHaJI.

TeXHHKaTa Ha HaHaCSIHe Ha YKpacaTa e B npsxa Bp'b3Ka C TeXHOJIOrH'IHHTe BH,llOBe, T. e. TYK MO:Jl(eM na YCTaHOBHM B3a~0,lleHCTBHeTO Ha ,lleKOpaTHBHHSI H TeXHOJIOrH'IHHSI npHHQHn. B TOBa OTHomeHHe ca HHTepeeHH Ha6JIIO,lleHHSlTa sa spasaaara yxpaca C 6S1JIa HHKpYCTaQHSI, KOSITO ce cpeuta npes rrspsara nOJIOBHHa Ha paH~aTa 6pOH30Ba enoxa nO'ITH BHHarH B'bpXY csnose OT BH,lla ,,'IepHa nOJIHpaHa xepasraxa". Ilonofiaa CTaTHCTH'IeCKa cTa6HJIHOCT C'blIleCTBYBa H npa MOTHBHTe aa pened» aara yxpaca B C'b'leTaHHe C· BH,lla "Ka$SlBa H3JI'bCKaHa xepasrasa" npes cpeaaara 6POH30- aa enoxa.

Ilpea paaaara H cpenaara 6pOH30Ba enoxa ca 6HJIH YKpaCSlBaHH BCH'IKH 'IaCTH H ,lleTaHJIH aa csrtosere. 1.fecTo yxpacara e HaHaCSIHa ztopn B'bpXY 06paTHaTa crpaaa aa ,ll'bHaTa (06p. 9).

Flpouerrrs'r aa yspaceaare csaose e pa3JIH'IeH sa OT,lleJIHHTe npOY'IeHH ztocera CeJIHlIla, HO ce ,llBH:JI(H Me:Jl(,llY 40. H 60. TOH nOCTeneHHO HaMaJISIBa K'bM xpas aa pannara 6poH30Ba enoxa. B Ha'laJIOTO aa cpezmara 6poH30Ba enoxa ce Ha6JIIO,llaBa H 3Ha'lHTeJIHO HaMaJISIsaae na pa3JIH'IHHTe opHaMeHTaJIHH TeXHHKH, onpOCTSIBaHe aa KOMn03HQHHTe H na MOTHBHTe62•

B 3aKJIIO'IeHHe e Heo6xo,llHMO na 6'b,llaT nOCO'leHH HSiKOH CneQH$H'IHH oc06eHocTH Ha xepasraxara OT panaara H cpeztnara 6poH30Ba enoxa, KOHTO nasar orpasceaae B'bpXY HeHHaTa KJIacH$HKaQHSI. rJIHHeHHTe csztose ca H3pa60- TeHH na psxa HJIH C nOMOlIlTa aa 6aBHOB'bpTSI- 1Il0 ce rp'sasapcxo KOJIeJI063• TOBa e nOBJIHSlJIO KaKTO aa TSlXHaTa CHMeTpH'IHOCT, HeBHHarH nOCTHraHa, raxa H aa passsepare na THnOJIOrH'IeCKH enaoponaa csnose. Jlancara aa CTaH,llapTH3aQHSI B npOH3BO,llCTBOTOHMa sa pe3YJITaT TB'bp,lle CB060,llHO fiopaseae C OCHOBnara $opMa. 1.feCTo npa onpenenena csnose ca KOM6HHHpaHH xapaKTepHH 'IaCTH H ,lleTaHJIH, oco6eHOCT na ztpyra $OpMH H THnOBe, nopa na ztpyra xareropan. THnH'IeH npassep ca aCKOCOBH,llHHTe KaHH, KOHTO HMaT zapasena aCHMeTpHSI na YCTHeTO H ropnara 'IaCT na TSlJIOTO -- 6eJIer, xapaxrepea sa xareropasra "aCKOCH". Csnrare Ha6JIIO,lleHHSI ca BaJIH,llHH sa xyrnrre H naHHQHTe, HO ca oc06eHO SlCHO H3pa3eHH npa r'spnerara H ypHOBH,llHHTe CD,llOBe. ETO sauro C QeJI na ce aanasa 3aTBopeHOCTTa aa THnOBeTe B CTaTHCTH'IeCKaTa HM onpeztenenocr B KJIaCH$HlCaQHSlTa ca B'bBe,lleHH TepMHHHTe 0 C H 0 Bn a $opMa H OCHOBeH THn. TIPH naHHQHTe aanpasrep OCHOBHHTe $OpMH npencraanssar C'b,llOBe C'bC cpaBHHTeJIHO MaJIKa BHCO'lHHa H rOJISIM ,llHaMeT'bp aa YCTHeTO. JJ:BeTe BeJIH'IHHH HMaT CDOTHomeHHe, sapapamo B paMKHTe na CTaTHCTH'IeCKH asaeneaa 3aBHCHMOCT. OCHOBHHTe $OpMH npa xymrre HMaT pa3JIH'IHO OT TOBa aa naHHQHTe CDOTHomeHHe aa $OpMOorrpenensntare BeJIH'IHHH, ,llOCTaT'b'lHO, sa zta npennonoxa TSlXHaTa pa3JIH'IHa $YHKQHOHaJI-

9

• 06p. 9. Yxpaca «a csooee om emopama nOA06UHa na panuama 6poH306a enoxa (eman MUXaAU'l). CeAuU/Ha MOZUAa iJo c. /(RiJo60. M= 1:2. Fig. 9. Decoration de vases de fa seconde moitie de ['age du bronze tardif (etape Mihalic). Tell pres du village Djadovo, M= 1:2

HOCT. Mexzty nsere 6JIH3KH xareropaa ofiase C'bIneCTBYBaT csnose C H3JIH3aInH H3B'bH pastKHTe C'bOTHOIlleHHSI. TOBa n03BOJISlBa 're na 6'b.llaT OTHeceHH KaKTO K'bM naHH~HTe, raxa H K'bM xynare. I'pynara na Te3H csnose HHe HapH'faMe Me)l(.llHHHH 4>0PMH. Ilo.ll06HO e nOJIO)l(eHHeTO na csnosere, KOHTO C emraxso OCHOBaHHe MoraT zta 6'b.llaT OTHeceHH K'bM .llBe cscenna $OpMH. Te ca aapexemr Me)l(.llHHHH T H nOB e. KaKTO OCHOBHHTe 4>OPMH H THnOBe, raxa H Me)l(.llHHHHTe ca rpynn csnose, onpezteneaa CTaTHCTH'feCKH B'bpXy OCHOBaTa na ezmopozum BeJIH'fHHH. Pa3JIHKaTa Me)l(.llY TSIX npe.llCTaBJISlBa pa3JIHKa B C'bOTHOIlleHHeTO Ha Te3H BeJIH'fHHH. Ilo T03H Ha'fHH ce ~eJIH KJIacH4>HKa~HoHHaTa CHCTeMa zta npnnofiae no-

1 R. Ka t i n ca r o v. Etat des recherches sur l'age du bronze en Bulgarie du Sud-Est. - IAI, XXX, 1981, 117-141.

2 R. Ka t i n c a r o v. Sur la synchronisation des civilisations de l'age du bronze ancien en Thrace et dans la region d'Egee et Anatolia. - Thracia Praehistorica (Supl. Pulpudeva 3). 1982, 134-148, Fig. T -7.

rOJ1S1Ma r'bBKaBOCT He casro aa 4>opMaJIHO, HO H aa 4>YHK~HOHaJIHO HHBO. HaJIH'fHeTO aa Me)l(.llHHHH 4>OPMH MO)l(e na ce C'fHTa xaro orpaxeaae aa nOJIH4>YHK~HOHaJIHOCTTa na xareropaare xepasraxa.

Ilpencraaenara KJIaCH$HKu~HOHHa CHCTeMa e onnr aa ~SlJIOCTHO 06XBaInaHe na xepaxmxara, KoeTO npe.llCTaBJISIBa 3Ha'fHTeJIHa no TpY.llHOCT sanaxa. TSI e asrpanena 8'bpXY OCHOBaTa aa HH4>opMa~HSI, npanofiara OT 06pa60TKaTa aa ~eJIH csnoae. OT.lleJIeH H3CJIe.llOBaTeJICKH np06JIeM C rOJISlMa Ba)l(HOCT npenCTaBJISlBa C'bnOCTaBSlHeTO aa 'faCTHHTe THnOJIOrHH, B KOHTO ce 60paBH C .llaHHH OT 4>parMeHTHpaH MaTepHaJI. IlepcneKTHBHHSlT rn.r aa 6'b.lleInHTe npoyssaana e CB'bp3BaHeTO na Te3H 'faCTHH KJIaCH$HKa~HH B enna 06Ina aa fiaaara na H3JIO)l(eHHTe .llOTYK npHH~HnH, a, OT ztpyra cTpaHa -- H3nOJI3YBaHeTO H 3a C'b3.llaBaHe Ha nporpaxia aa MaIIIHHHa 06pa60TKa rra HH$OpMa~HSlTa.

3 H. To d 0 r 0 v a. Zur Frage von Kontinuitiit und Diskontinuitiit in der Entwicklung des Neolithikums, Aneolithikums und der friihen Bronzezeit auf der Balkanhalbinsel. - Thracia Praehistorica (Supl. Pulpudeva 3), 1982, S. 5 fT.

4 H. Il a n a n o r o a. 3a <j>opMHpaHeTO aa paHHO- 6POH30BHTe xynrypa B 6bJlrapcKHTe 3eMH. - Apxeono-

II

ras, XXVI, 1984, 2-3, c. 8, 6eJI. 8-9 H noccseaara TaM ,llHCKYCHli aa CTpaHHUHTe aa en, COBeTCKali apXeOJIOfHlI. 5 X. T'o n 0 P 0 B a. HliKOH aICTYaJIHH rrp06JIeMH aa 6bJ1fapcKaTa rrpaHcTopHli. - WCTOPH'IecKH npefJIe,ll, XXXI, 1975, KH. I, 38--40.

6 X. TO,ll0pOBa. HliKOH aKTYaJIHH np06JIeMH aa CTaTHCTH'IecKaTa 06pa60TKa na xepasraxara OT apxeonofH'IeCKHTe 06eKTH. - WHTep,llHCUHnJIHHapHH H3CJIe,llBaHHlI, IX, 1982, c.12 CJI.; X. To no p o a a. KaMeHHO-Me,llHaTa erroxa B SbJ1fapHli. C., 1986, c.9.

1 P. Je r 6 m e. L'epoque neolithique dans la vallee du Tonsus (Thrace). - RA, 35,1901,329-330; G. Seure, A. Degrand. Exploration de quelques tells de la Thrace. - BCH, XXX, 1906. TaM ca nOCO'leHH H OCTaHaJIHTe paHHH ny6JIHKaUHH aa MaTepHaJIH OT TpaKHlI.

8 P. Il o n o a. MOfHJIaTa AeBe-SapfaH. - fHM, IV, 1922125, 72-115.

9 f. Kaua p o s. Pa3KorrKH B CB. KHPHJIOBO. - WAA, III, 1912, 310-314.

10 G. Kazarow. Vorgeschichtliche Funde aus SvetiKirilovo (Siidbulgarien). - PZ, 6, 1914, 1-2, S. 61--66, Abb.7.

It T. I' epa C HMO B. Pa3KorrKH aa MOfHJIaTa npa C.

CB. KHPHJIOBO. - WSAW, XXV, 1946, c. 180 CJI.

12 G. Rodenwald, K. Bittel, F. Goethert, Th.

G era s s i m 0 v. Erster vorlaufiger Bericht uber Ausgrabung bulgarischer Grabhugel. - JdI (AA), 58, 1943, 62--68.

13 Ibid., S. 68.

14 B. M H K 0 B. npe,llHCTOPH'IecKOTO ceJIHIUe no C.

MHXaJIH'I, CBHJIeHfpanCKO. - Pfl, I, 1948. 15 Ilax TaM, 11-15.

16 B. M H K 0 B. CeJIHIUHaTa MOfHJIa npa C. IOHaUHTe,

Ilasapnsonuxo, - fnHSM, 1937/39, 55-84. 11 Flax TaM, 06p. 19.

18 Ilax TaM, C. 79 CJI., o6p. 24.

19 n. AeTeB. Crpararpadias aa ceJIHIUHHTe MOfHJIH

B IOlKHa SbJ1fapHli. - fHAMn V, 1963, 5-25. 20 Ilax TaM, c.21.

21 B. M H K 0 B. lJ,HT. Ch'l., c. 79 CJI.

22 n. AeTeB. Xapaxrepaa 'IepTH aa csnosere OT 6POH30BaTa enoxa. - fMnO, II, 1954/55, 101-108.

23 B. M H K 0 B. CeJIHIUHaTa MOfHJIa' OT 6pOH30BaTa enoxa npa C. BeceJIHHOBO. - liAIi, XIII, 1939, 195-227. KpHTHKa BlK. B: R. Ka t i nca r o v, Etat des recherches ... , p. 120.

24 V. Mikov. Le tell Razkopanica. - IAI, XXXVI, .1981, 141-188, Fig. 37. KpHTH'IeH npernea sspxy nopaHHHTe ny6JIHKaUHH aa MaTepHaJIHOT csmara ceJIHIUHa MOfHJIa ce Ch,llbplKa B: R. Ka ti nc a r ov. Op.cit., p. 123.

25 B. M H K 0 B. TeXHHKa aa KepaMH'IHOTO npoasBO,llCTBO npes npeacropaxecsara enoxa. - liAH, XXIX, 1966, 165-210.

26 B. M H K 0 B. CeJIHIUHaTa MOfHJIa OT 6pOH30BaTa enoxa ... , c. 197 H CJI.

21 n. AeTeB. lJ,HT. CD'I., c.I01 H .CJI.

28 V. G. Child. Anatolia and Thrace. Some Bronze Age Relations. - ASt., 6, 1956, 45-47, J. Mellaart. The End of Early Bronze Age in Anatolia and the Aegean. - AJA, 62, 1958, 20-29.

29 f. H.n. F'e o p r a e a, H . .H. Me pne p r, P. B.

KaT H H 'I a p 0 B H np, Eaepo. PaHHo6poH30BOTO cemnne. C., 1978.

30 P. KaT H H 'I a p 0 B. OcHOBHLle pe3YJIbTaTLI paexonOK rrepB06b1THOrO noceneaas B r. HOBa laropa (IOlKHall SOJIfaPHlI). - COBeTCKalI apXeOJIOrHlI, 1972, 1, 242-247; R. Kat inc a r 0 v. Habitatins de l'age du bronze moyen du fell de Nova Zagora (Bulgaria du Sud). - Thracia, 1,1972, 43-55; Trouvailles de l'age du bronze moyen Ii Nova Zagora (Bulgarie du Sud).-In: Actes du VIne CISPP,

Beograd, 3, 66-75. c

31 f. liJI. F'e o p r ae a, H . .H. Me pne p r, P. B.

KaTHH'IapOB H np, lJ,HT. Ch'l., 361-387, asrop aa nocoseaax TeKCT e f. liJI. Feopraes.

32 Ilax TaM, 316-361. ABTOPH ca H . .H. Mepnepr H P. KaTHH'IapoB.

33 naK TaM, 222-305. ABTOP e E. H. t{epHHX .

. 12

34 Ilax TaM, C. 222 CJI. CpB. C KJIacH<lIHKaUHoHHHTe npHHUHnH B: X. T'o a 0 P 0 B a. HliKOH aKTYaJIHH np06JIeMH aa CTaTHCTH'IecKaTa 06pa60TKa ... , c.12; Chr. Podzuweit. Trojanische Gefiissformen. Miinz, 1979,8-11; E. Hanschmann, VI. Mi l oj e ic. Die deutsche Ausgrabungen auf der Argissa-magula in Thessalien, III. Die ffriiehe und beginnende mittlere Bronzezei, Teil I (Text). Bonn, 1976, 2-4: R. Hachmann. Vademecum der Grabung Kamid el-Loz. Bonn, 1969, S. 121 ff; C. W. Blegen et al. Troy. Vol I. 1 and 2. Princeton, 1950, V. I, 1, p. 56f, V. I, 2, PI. 129-132.

35 f. liJI. Fe o p r ae s, H . .H. MepnepT, P. B.

KaT H H 'I a p 0 B H ,llp. lJ,HT. CD'I., c. 382, KaT. N1 130, 06p. 1851'.

36 naK TaM, c.498 CJI.

31 P. KaTHH'IapOB. OcHOBHLle pe3YJlbTaTbl .. :, 145-247, pHC. 23-5' R. Ka t i n c a r o v. Habitations ... , 53-55, Fig. 9a, b.

38 Flax TaM, Fig. 9d. 39 nax TaM, Fig. 9f. 40 Flax TaM, Fig. ge.

41 P. KaTHH'IapOB, .H. SeCT, B. HHKOJIOB, B.

H H K 0 JI 0 B a. CeJIHIUHaTa MOmJIa ,ll0 C. )l.lI.llOBO: COJQalKeH H3Kon (ApxeoJIorH'lecJtH PaJKOIlKH 1977/781'.). Expeditio Thratica, 1, 1980, 8-94.

42 Aocera ca pa3KpHTH ner CTPOHTeJIHH xopH30HTa OT cpenaara 6poRJOBa enoxa H OIUe HaH-MaJIKO 14 OT cpennara H paaaara 6POH30Ba enoxa, perHCTPMpaHH B coanaaa. BlK. P. KaTHH'IapOB H,llp. QBT. CD'I., 11-17.

43 P. KaTHH'IapOB, H . .H. Mep nep r, B. C.

T H T 0 B, B. M a U a HOB a H ,llp. CeJIHIUHaTa MOmJIa npa C. IOHaUHTe, naJap.lllKHWKH OKp1>J'. I. liCTOPHll aa npoY'lBaHHlITa, 06ma CTPaTHrpa<llHlI. nJIaCT A. C., 1987 (non rresar),

44 HaJIH'IHeTO aa OTHOCHTeJIHa CaMOCTOllTeJIHOCT aa KepaMH'IHOTO npoH3BO,llCTBO e oT6eJIlI3aHO ome OT B. MHKOB (B. M H K 0 B. Ce.1IHIIlHaTa MOrHJIa npH c. lOHaUHTe. • •• c. 80, 82).

45 P. KaTHH'IapOB. 6poH30BaTa enoxa B 101'0- H3TO'lHa 6bJ1rapHll. )l.HcepTIlIUllI sa MpHC1>lK,llaHe sa HaY'lsa erenea .. KaH.llH.llaT sa HCTOPH'lCCJtHTe HaYJtH". Co<lJHlI, 1978. Heny6JIHJty&aHa. nOJJ3YBaHa C paapemeaae aa asropa.

46 06pa60TeHH ~ ,llaHHHTC OT 14 npoyseaa xpea CTPaTHl'PacIJCKH pa3KoIlKH ceJIHIUa OT CmiBeHCKH, CTaPOaaropcsa, nJIOB,llHBCKH, na3ap,llZHIIIJtH, XacxoBCKH H .HM60JICKH ospsr H OT Han 50 06eKTa, pemCTPHpaHH 'lpel TepeHHH 06XOlK,llaHHlI.

41 Hanpassep B I-IV CTpoHTCJIeH XOPH30HT aa ceJIHIUHaTa MOfHJIa B Ka3aHJIbK ypHOBH,llHHTe CD.1l0Be ca OT 35,29 no 42,99% OT BCH'IJtH CD,llOBC. li3KaJBaM 6JIaro,llllpHOCT aa P. KaTHH'lapoB, npe,llOCTaBHJI MH KepaMHltaTa sa CTaTHCTH'IecJta 06pa60TKa.

48 3a ,llllTHpOBKaTa aa I-IV CTpoHTCJIeH XOpH30HT OT 6poH30BaTa' enoxa aa ceIDlIUHaTa MOrHJIa B Ka3aHJI1d1:

BlK. P. KaT H H 'I a po B. CeJInma H ~ OT 6poKJOBaTa enoxa B IOroH3To'lHa 6"bJ1J'apHll. - MnK, 1975, 4, c.6.

49 PC3yJ1TaTHTe ca Heny6JIHKy&aHH. 06pa60TKaTa aa KepaMHKaTa e neno aa asropa.

50 BH,A'bT "Ka<llllBa nOJIMpaHa KepaMHlta" ce cpema H B nO-rOpHHTe CTpoHTeJIHH XOPH30HTH sa CCJIIlIUHllTa MOmJIa npa c. 1OH1UJ,IITe, HO MHoro no-pll.lllto. li3JtaJBaM 6JIaJ'O,llaPROCT aa P. KaTHH'lapoB,.llaJl MH B1>3MOmiOCT na pa60TlI C Te3H MaTepHaJIH. npB aamara 06pa60TKa sa KepaMHKaTa OT palKOIIJtHTe aa B. MHKOB B H. Koii'leB sa ceJIHIUHaTa MOmJIa E3CPO aHaJIOJ'H'leH BH,ll He 6e KOHCTaTnpaH.

51 li3KaJBaM 6JIarO,llapHOCT sa M. K'hH'IeB B T.

K"bH'IeBa OT fHM HOBa laropa, PUOBO.!lHTeJIH sa paJKOIlKHTe aa ceJIHIUeTO "OB~p~ II" sa B"b3MOlKHOCTTa .1la nocosa Te3B pelYJITaTH. OOpa60TJtaTa sa KepaMHKaTa e H3B"bpwesa OT T. KbH'leBa H aBTOp"bT.

52 K. JIeIUaKOB. PaiiOHHpllHe aa KepaMH'IHOTO npoH3BO,llCTBO Ilpe3 paasara H sa'laJIOTO sa cpeaaare 6POH30Ba enoxa B TpaKHlI. - Thracia antiqua, 13 (no,ll nesar).

53 f. HJI. fe<!,prHeB, H. .H. Me p nep r, P.

Ka TBH s ap o B H.np. lJ,HT. CD'I., c. 498. C"b,lJ; OT CDIUHlI THIl e HJUOCTpHpaa aa 06p. 7.

54 Flax TaM, 491-496 (asrop P. KaTHH'IapoB), 06p. 210; P. KaTHH'IapOB H np. CeJIHlUHaTa MOrHJIa )1;0 c. )1;lI.llOBO ... , c. 27.

55 H3Ka3BaM 6JIarO)l;apHOCT aa A. neHKoB, P'bKOBO)l;HTeJI aa passonxare aa He6eT 'rene. aa npenocraaeaara . MH HH<l!opMaUHlI.

• 56 BePOllTHO HMHTaUHlI aa BHOCHH 06pa311H ca aanpasiep .. 6'b'lBOBHAHHTe C'b)l;'1eTa". Cp, 06p. 6 OT HaIlJHlI TeKCT c Chr. Podzuweit. Op. cit., 231-23~, Taf. 24.

57 P. KaTHH'IapOB, M. K'bH'IeB. Pa3KOnKH sa ce.mumara MOfRJla s Hosa 3aropa. AOP aa 1975 r. C. 1976. c.19.

58 Heny6JIHKysaHHpe3YJITaTH OT npoy'lsaHHlITa Ha xepassaxara OT I-IV CTpOHTeJIeH XOPH30HT aa cemnnaara MOrHJla s Ka3aHJI'bK.

59 Pe3YJITaT!!..OT paasoneare aa cenaumara MOrHJla )1;0 c. )1;II)I;OBO c Y'laCTHeTO aa asropa.

60 B IV CTpoHTeJIeH XOPH30HT aa cenaumara MOrHJIa B Ka3aHJIbK naHHlI~Te H YPHOBH)I;HHTe C'b)l;OBe ca 061110 75,97% OT BCH'IKH Cb)l;OBe. BlIC. 6eJI. 58.

61 r. HJI. Fe o p r a e a, H. JI. Me p n e p r, P.

KaTHH'IapOB H np. UHT. C'b'l., Ta6JI. 96-98. 62 Flax TaM, 221-222, Ta6JI. 167-174.

63 Flax TaM, Ta6JI. 39.

Principes fondamentaux de classification pour la ceramique de l'age du bronze tardif et moyen en Thrace

K. LESTAKOV

(Resume)

Par suite d'etudes intensives des sites archeologiques de l'epoque de bronze en Thrace au cours des dernieres annees on a pu accumuler un materiel ceramique abondant et bien stratifie, L'information effective est suffisante pour entreprendre sa generalisation dans un systeme de classification unifie, Apres une breve critique des realisations dans ce domaine, on aboutit Ii la conclusion que la faiblesse essentielle des tentatives precedentes est le manque de clarte concernant les criteres de classification fondamentaux qui doivent etre appliques dans la systematisation.

Dans la nouvelle classification, l'infonnation est structuree conformement Ii quatre criteres fondamentaux:. fonctionnel, technologique, formel et decoratif. lis deter-

minent egalement les niveaux taxonomiques.

Au premier niveau sont determines quatre groupes de ceramique: fine (de table), de cuisine et grossiere (tara). Le critere technologique est Ii la base des 12 genres de ceramique deduits, Au point de vue fonnel sont definies les notions forme, type; sous-type et variante qui edifient Ie niveau fonnel-typologique de la classification.

La decoration est etudiee dans deux sous-niveaux fondamentaux - technique d'application et maniere d'organisatior . L'infonnation est conformee aux exigences de traitement mecanique des donnees archeologiques et il est possible de l'inclure dans un systeme plus general pour Ie traitement du materiel archeologique global.

KbM BbIIpOCa sa CKaJIHaTa

'V

Cpe~HOBH3aHTHHCKa ~HBOIIHC

(XI-XII B.)

HHKOJ1AA. OBQAPOB, nETPAHA TOTEBA

MaHaCTHp'bT "CB. Tpoana" ce HaMHpa na HRKOJIICO KHJIOMeTpa IO)I(HO OT TOnOJIOBrpa}J., no uopesaero aa TYH}J.)I(a. TRCHaTa H nJIO}J.opO}J.Ha }J.OJIHHa, 06pa3YBaHa OT CKJIOHOBeTe aa }J.BeTe HHCICH ITJIaHHHH CTpaH}J.)Ka H Caxap, e oceana C apXeOJIOrH'IeCKH naMeTHHIJ,H. TR e 6HJIa 06HTaBaHa H npes Cpe}J.HOBeKOBHeTO, KoraTO e H3ITHTBaJIa 6JIarOTBOpHOTO BJIHRHHe aa 6JIH3KHR KOHCTaHTHHOnOJI. Csmeapesseaao MeCTHOCTTa 'IeCTO 6HJIa H3nOJI3YBaHa OT MOHaCH OTIIIeJIHHIJ,H. HRICOH }J.OpH ca aa MHeHHe, 'Ie TaM TpR6Ba}J.a ce T'bPCH nposyrara Ilapopas,

MaJIICaTa nemepa, H3BeCTHa na MeCTHOTO HaCeJIeHHe non HMeTO "BeTaTa IJ.1>pICBa", OTCTOH Ca.1\.fO aa ICHJIOMeT'bp OT MaHaCTHpa

"CB. Tpoana". TR e BpR3aHa B CICaJIHTe na ICpaCHB pesea npOJIOM. )1.0 HeR ce }J.OCTHra }J.OCTa TPY}J.HO, HO ace nax MRCTOTO e }J.OCT'bnHO. Ilemepara HMa KapCTOB npOH3XO}J.. 3aTOBa TR nparexaea xapaxrepaara 3a06JIeHa <ilopMa, a TaBaH'bT H Hano}J.06RBa cepas OT MaJIKH KynOJIH, H3}J.HramH ce aa palJIH'IHa. BHCO'lHHa (Haii-BHCOKHRT e nO'lTH 'IeTHpH MeTpa). OT nemepaTa BO}J.jlT Ha'laJIOTO CH HRKOJIICO TeCHH ranepaa, ICOHTO CJIe}J. H3BeCTHO pa3CTORHHe ce npesp'smar B nponena, HenpaBHJIHaTa <ilopMa na nemepara 3aTpY}J.HRBa onpe}J.eJIRHeTO aa paassepare H. B Haii-WHpOICaTa CH 'IaCT TR }J.OCTHra 'IeTHpH-neT MeTpa.

C'bBceM 06HICHOBeHOTO CICaJIHO 06pa3YBaHHe npHTe)l(aBa HHTepeCHa oc06eHOCT

13

~6XOA

c

3+' 11

, '

• 06p. 1. Cxeua ua cmeuonucume 6b6 .Bemama IJbpK6a" (c OKPb~Hocmu u nOAyoKPb~Hocmu ca o603Ha~eHu cxanuume HUUIU). Fig. 1. Schema des fresques dans" Vetata carkva" (avec de cercles et demi-cercles sont marquees les niches rupestres)

aeroaara B'bTpernHa nOB'bpXHOCT e 6HJIa nOKpara r'bCTO C'bC CTeHonHCH. ,n:Hec yxpacara e YHHmO)KeHa B 3Ha'fHTeJIHa crenea OT spesrero H OT uenpexscaaro crasamara ce no CTeHHTe nona. no 'fY,UO ca OQeJIeJIH 'feTHpHHa,UeceT H306pa)KeHHR Ha CBeTQH H 'faCTH OT 'feTHpH aannaca na rpsuxa e3HK. Maxap 06pa3HTe zra ca ce C'bXpaHHJIH B pa3JIH'fHa crenea, 're n03BOJIRBaT na ce aanpaaar Ba)KHH aafirnozteHHR. TOBa me 6'b,Ue QeJITa aa HaCTORmOTO C'b06meHHe, ,UOKaTO OCTaHKHTe OT Ha,UnHCH me 6'b,UaT pa3rJIe,UaHH aa ztpyro MRCTO (06p. 1).

Ilpezra BCH'fKO TpR6Ba zta ce oT6eJIe)KH ne06H'fanHHRT Ha'fHH aa H3n'bJIHeHHe. 1-1306pa)KeHHRTa ca HaHaCRHH aanpaso B'bpxy CKaJIaTa, 6e3 TR na e nOKpHTa C Ma3HJIKa HJIH none zta e npe,UBapHTeJIHO 06pa60TeHa H 3arJIa,UeHa. BC'bmHOCT TOBa He e nOJIHXpOMHa )KHBOnHC, 3amOTO OTC'bCTBYBa xaXBOTO H ,Ua 6HJIO paaaoofipaaae HaQBeToBeTe. 06pa3HTe H Ha,UnHcHTe ca HapHcYBaHH casro C oxpa, 'fHeTO

14

ro

aapapaae OT CBeTJIO K'bM T'bMHO rroxasaa npexonare aa nOJIYToHoBeTe.

Ilpezt caMHR BXO,U aa nemepara e rrspsara xynOJIOBH,UHa nama, B XORTO JIH'faT H306pa)KeHHRTa na ,UBaMa CBeTQH (06p. 2). Te ca npenarteaa 6JOCTOBO, B'bB <pac, nJI'bTHO e,UHH ,UO ztpyr. JIHQaTa HM ca nO'fTH Han'bJIHO ymnno)KeHH. OCTaHaJIa e casso ,UOJIHaTa nOJIOBHHa OT JIHQeTO aa e,UHHHR OT TRX (N!! 1). To HMa xpacas OBaJI, XOCHTe ca noncrparaaa H rpH)KJIHBO npH6paHH OKOJIO ynnrre, 6Y3HTe ca 03Ha'feHH C ,UBe Xp'brJIH T'bMHH neraa. ,n:BaMaTa CBeTQH ca 06JIe'feHH B XHTOHH H zrspacar npen r'bp,UHTe CH Kp'bCTOBe (KP'bCT'bT RCHO ce 3a6eJIR3Ba B ,URCHaTa p'sxa na CBeTeQ N!! 2). Te3H ocofieaocra ,UaBaT OCHOBaHHe zta ce BH,URT B 06pa3HTe OT rrspsara nama H306pa)KeHHR aa CBeTQH M'b'feHHQH.

r JIaBHHTe 06pa3H ca C'bCpe,UoTO'feHH B ,UBaTa Han-BHCOXH eCTeCTBeHH xynona, XOHTO ce HaMHpaT H3TO'fHO H QeHTpaJIHO B neutepara. B ropnara xacr aa H3TO'fHaTa nama ce ,UOJIaBR rOJIRMO ,UonORCHO H306pa)KeHHe (TOBa e Hane,UpHRT 06pa3). Bsnpexa JIOrnOTO My C'bCTORHHe Ton MO)Ke na ce onpeztena KaTO XPHCTOC Flanroxparop (06p. 3). JIRBaTa 6JIarOCJIaBRma

1

2

3

4

• 06p. 2. Ileauama C6emlJU npeo exooa. Fig. 2. Les deux saints devant l'entree

• 06p. 3. Xpucmoc Ilaumoxpamop om 6UCOKama usmouna nosyxpsena uutua. Fig. 3. Le Christ Pantocrator de fa haute niche demi-circulaire orientale

• 06p. 4. HeR-CHO usotipaxceuue na MllaiJ ceemeu (Nt! 4). Fig. 4. Image imprecise d'un jeune saint (Nt! 4)

pt-xa JIHqH cJIa60, HO ztofipe ce BHJK,n:a ztacnara, zrspscauta KHHraTa npen r'spznrre. MHOrO no'rpyztao e zta ce onpeztena H306paJKeHHe .J'I& 4, MaKap TO zta ce e 3ana3HJIO ,n:OCTa .nofipe. Ilpencrasea e H)lKaKbB nepCOHaJK C MJIa,n:O JIHl~e H BHCOKO noztcrparaaa KOCa (06p. 4).

Trraaara e CbBceM necspaasrepaa cnpasro ,n:pe6HOTO T)lJIO. TpeTH)lT 06pa3 OT HHIIIaTa e scea . .l1:eKopaTHBHO orpopsaeaara My npasecxa H 6pa,n:a, KaKTO H zipexare noztcxaasar, 'Ie TOR e OT .QbPKoBHHTe OT.QH (06p. 5).

Macro ztofipe e aanaseao JKeHCKOTO H306- paxeaae B .QeHTpaJIHaTa KynOJIOBH,n:Ha HHIIIa. To csmo e npeztcraaeao ztonoscao H e BTOpO 110 rOJIeMHHa B CTeHonHCHTe aa neutepara. )l{eHaTa e 06J1eqeHa B TbMHOOXPOB Ma<tJopHR H XHMaTHR B Cblll.H)I .QB)lT. T)I e ofit.paara <tJpoHTaJIHO KbM 3pHTeJIHTe, B crpora oparrraa noaa, 3a pa3JIHKa OT noaexero H306paJKeHH)I

15

JIIUJ;eTO e CbXpaHHJIO CBOHTe '1epTH. To e rrexo H3~bJI)I(eHO, C brJIOBaTa 6paM'IKa. HOCbT e npas H JIeKO r'spfiaa. YCTaTa e cpenao ronssra, a aa 6Y3HTe OT,HOBO ce BH)I(~aT xapaxrepnare xpsr JIH TbMHH neraa, 3a6eJIe)l(HTeJIHH ca O'lHTe - rOJIeMH H IIIHPOKO OTBopeHH, C BHCOKO nOB~HrHaTH Be)l(M, KOHTO npa cnenoO'lHBTa MaHHepHO ca CBbp3aHH C xpaantara aa MHrJIHTe. IIpaBH anesarneaae, 'Ie nornezrsr e HaCO'leH He KbM npHC'hCTBYBalUHTe B nentepa'ra, a KbM HapHCYBaHHB B H3TO'lHaTa nama Ilaaroxparop. MOJIHTBaTa aa )l(eHaTa e npeztnaaaaxeaa aa CTOBmHB ManKO nan HeB XPHCTOC. IJ;BJIOCTHOTO H306pa3BBaHe CO'lH, 'Ie e noxaaaaa Boropoztana Opaara (06p. 6).

OCTaHaJIHTe 06pa3H ce HaMHpaT B pa3JfHlJHH HHIIIH H nOJIYHHIIIH, 06pa3YBaHH B rasaaa aa nemepara, HO npaKTH'IeCKH ca aa e~HO HHBO (no-HHcKO OT zraara u;eHTpaJIHH eCTeCTBeHH KynOJIa). Mexny Tlaaroxparopa H Boropoztaua ce OTKpoBBaT zrsa ofipaaa aa apxaarena, OT KOHTO '1aCTH'IHO ca ce cbXpaHHJIH rJIaBHTe. IIo-~06pe ce e 3ana3HJI eMHHBT, 0603Ha'leH YCJIOBHO C N.! 7. Herosoro JIHu,e e nO'lTH HanbJIHO H3TPHTO, HO JIH'IaT nernara aa 6Y3HTe H xpacaso cnycxanrare ce OKOJIO spara Kb~pHU,H. KpaH rnasara HMa Ha~nHC, OT KOHTO CTaBa BCHO, 'Ie e HapHCYBaH apxaaren Taspaan (BJIRBO ce sere OPX, T. e. csxpamenaero sa apxaaren OAPX C H3nYCHaTa 6YKBa A, a B~CHO - I'P) (06p. 7).

CJIe~Ba e~HO MHoro Ba)l(HO, HO aa Cb)l(aJIeHHe nO'lTH 06e3JIH'IeHO H306pa)l(eHHe (N.! 9). IIoKa3aH e <ppoHTaJIHO csereu B opaarna noaa, KOHTO no rOJIeMHHa e cxoztea C XPHCTOC Ilaaroxparop H Boroponana. Csacese He e H3KJIIO'IeHO zta e 6HJI npencrasea narpom-r na xpaxra.

3ana~Ho OT Boropoztana ca H306pa3eHH MJIa~ cseren H zrse CBeTHD,H, KOHTO npencrasJIRBaT e~HH OT HaH-xy6aBHTe H sarraaeaare 06pa3H B neutepara (06p. 8). Mb)l(bT HMa KpaCHBO H He)l(HO JIHu,e. Ofimara My H3~bJI)I(eHOCT, ~eJIHKaTHHTe '1epTH H CJIa6HBT spar nO~CHJIBaT Bne'laTJIeHHeTO 3a H3TbH'IeHOCT H apHCTOKpaTH3bM. KaKTO H ~BaMaTa CBeTD,H ~O sxozta, MJIa~HRT csereu e 06JIe'leH B XHTOH H BepORTHO csmo e Mb'leHHIC. CBeTHu,HTe HanOMHBT aa ofipasa aa Boropoztaua, HO ca nO-3eMHH OT HeB. Te HMaT xyfiaaa JIHu,a, KaTO npn e~HaTa OT TBX (N.! 10) 3a npbB H eMHCTBeH rrs'r B H306pa)l(eHHBTa OT nemepara e napynreHa ofintara <ppoHTaJIHOCT - cseranara e npeztazteaa B JIeKO TpH '1eTBbpTH ofipsmaae. BCTpaHH OT ~pyraTa cBeTHu,a e 0603Ha'leHO HMeTO H - HArHA IIAPACKEBH (06p. 9).

IIocJIe~HHTe zrsa ou,eJIeJIH ofipasa ca cesepHO OT H306pa)l(eHHeTO aa Boroponana, HO sa TBX He MO)l(e zta ce Ka)l(e namo KOHKpeTHO, OCBeH 'Ie OTHOBO ca <PPOHTaJIHH H npe~CTaBBT Mb)l(KH nepcoaasca,

IIbpBoHa'laJIHHTe 3aKJIIO'IeHHB, KOHTO ce aanarar npa paarnexnaae aa CTeHonHCHTe OT nentepara, ca CJIe~HHTe. Hectxoreno B onpezte-

16

5

7

9

6

• 06p. 5. llspxoeen omeu (Np 3). Fig. 5. Pere d'eglise (Np 3).

• 06p. 6. Boeopoouua Opauma om uenmpanuama «ynonua IIUlUa. Fig. 6. La 'Vierge Oranta de la niche centrale en forme de coupole

• 06p. 7. Apxaneen Taepaun (Np 7). Fig. 7. Archange

Gabriel ( Ne 7) , •

. • 06p. 8. MJlaiJuRm ceemeu U oeeme ceemuuu sanaono om Soeopoouua Opanma (Np 10,11,12). Fig. 8. Lejeune saint et les deux saintes a l'ouest de la Vierge Oranta (Np 10, 11, 12)

• 06p. 9. HaiJnuc c uuemo ua C6. Ilapacxeea. Fig. 9. Inscription avec Ie nom de S'e Paraskeva

neH nepHO~ CKanHOTO o6pa3YBaHHe e 6Hno H3non3YBaHO KaTO ManKa XPHCTH~HCKa QbPKaa, KonKOTO aa np'sa nornezt H306pa)f(eHH~Ta na asrnexnar HapHCYBaHH 6e3pa36opHO, B T~XHOTO paanonosceaae ce OTKpHBa noparrsx. Te ca paanpezteneaa BepTHKanHO B TpH HHBa. HaH-BHCOKO e XPHCTOC naHTOKpaTOp, Henocpencrneao non Hero - Boroponana OpaaTa, cnezraar B OKonOBpbCT OCTaHanHTe CBeTQU. XPHCTOC saexra CBoeTO M~CTO B ropaara xynononanaa HHIIIa (B cnysaa T~ onHQeTBOpasa caMH~T xynorr aa trspxaara), a Boropo~HQa e B Henocpe~CTBeH 3pHTeneH KOHTaKT C Hero. OTCbCTBYBaT KaKBHTO H zta 6Hno pa3BHTH eBaHrenCKH cQeHH H TOBa Beqe nO~CKa3Ba H3BeCTHH xpoHOnOrHqecKH rpaHHQU.

Ilepaozrsr IX-XI B. e apexsero, xoraro BbB BH3aHTHHcKOTO H3KYCTBO ce csaaasa HOBa nporpasra, orpopxrena non Bb3~eHcTBHeTo na H~eHTe aa narpaapx <DOTHH. Cneuaanao aa )f(HBOnHCTa Ta3H nporpasra HMa CBOHTe xopeaa

8

3 Apxeo.l0rH5I, 3, 1988 r.

17

B npeJl:HKOH060p'leCKaTa enoxa H ce 6a3Hpa aa KOMn03HU;H9Ta "B1>3HeceHHe". 3a nenra noCJIeJl:HaTa ce pa3'1JIeH9Ba aa OCHOBHHTe CH '1aCTH: DOrOp0Jl:Hu;a Opaara C apxaarenare ce H3nHCBa B ancaaara H CHMBOJIH3Hpa 3eMHaTa U1>pKBa; XPHCTOC ce B1>DJI1>maBa B nonydnrrypara aa Flaaroxparopa H aaesra HaH-BHCOKOTO HHBO - KynOJI1>T; nO-Jl:OJIY B HepapXH'IeH pen ce HaMHpaT OCTaHaJIHTe cBeTU;H. Taxa ce 06eJl:HH9BaT B eJl:HO BCH'IKH, KOHTO ca nonpaHeeJIH sa BeJIH'IHeTO aa U;1>pKBaTa 1. CHMBOJIHKaTa Ha *HBonHCHaTa Jl:eKOpaI.J;H9 npec1>3Jl:aBa npeJl:CTaBaTa Ha BH3aHTHHI.J;HTe 3a CBeTa KaTO crpora, HepapXH'IHa CTpYKTypa. <l>HrYPHTe B He9 ca HenOJl:BH*HH HJIH ce Jl:BH*aT MHoro 6aBHO B1>PXY HHJl:e4>epeHTeH 4>OH, JIHu;aTa aa CBeTI.J;HTe ca 3aCTHHaJIH B ropno H Jl:OCTOHHO cnoKoHCTBHe. BCH'IKH Te3H 6eJIe3H ca xapaxTepHH sa BH3aHTHHCKOTO H3T(YCTBO OT xpas aa IX-XIB.:Z

OCHOBHO M9CTO B CHCTeMaTa aa BH3aHTHHCKaTa *HBonHCHa Jl:eKOpaI.J;H9 OT IX-XI B. ce naaa aa Bp1>3KaTa Me*Jl:Y XPHCTOC H DOrOp0Jl:Hua. BceJl:1>p*aTeJI9T aafimonasa BHHMaTeJIHO OT CBOHTe He6ecHH nOKOH 3eMHH9 CB9T H 06MHCJI9 neroaara aapenfia, H3n1>JIHeH C rpH*a aa '10BelUKH9 POJl:. Or CB09 crpaaa DOrOp0Jl:Hua, K09TO e nocpeanana Meqy CHHa CH H xopara, nporara MOJIHTBeHO psne, aa na 06e3ne'lH 6JIarOnOJIY'IHeTO aa '10BelUKH9 pon H oc06eHO aa HerOBH9 npeJl:BOJl:HTeJI, HMnepaTOpa 3. TYK ce nafimonasa enna xepra, npacsuia casao aa BH3aHTH9 - np9KO npeXB1>PJI9He B1>PXY CHHa (B ofipaaa na Ilarrroxparopa) aa '1epTH OT Oreua".

,n:pyrH Ba*HH oc06eHOCTH na BH3aHTHHCKaTa Jl:eKOpaTHBHa CHCTeMa OT IX-XI B. ca pa3JIH'IHaTa rOJIeMHHa aa 4>HrypHTe C1>06pa3Ho M9CTOTO HM B HepapxH9Ta (aanpasrep IlaaroKpaTOp1>T H DOrOp0Jl:Hu;a ca 3Ha'lHTeJIHO noeztpa OT OCTaHaJIHTe) H pasnonaranero na H306pa*eHH9Ta B1>B B1>TpelUHOCTTa aa xpasra, ]KHBonHcTa OT TOBa BpeMe e npeJl:Ha3Ha'ieHa HaH-Be'le 3a H3BHTH nOB1>pXHOCTH - KOHXH, HHlUH, CBOJl:OBe, TpOMnH. no T03H Ha'lHH peaJIHOTO npocrpancrao ce paspymaaa H ce C1>3Jl:aBa enaa aepeanaa, CHJIHO B1>3Jl:eHCTBYaauta aa ztyxa aTMoc4>epa. OTHOBO npsso ce OTpa39BaT CXBamaHH9Ta Ha naTpHapx <l>OTHH - cnopeJl: Hero CTeHODHCHTe Tp96Ba Jl:a ce paanonarar TaKa, 'Ie 3pHTeJI9T B eMOI.J;HOHaJIeH eKCTa3 na ycema KaTO 'Ie JIH "XpaM1>T ce

B1>PTH"5. ,

qOBelUKHTe H306pa*eHH9 B *HBonHCTa OT IX-XI B. ca CB1>p3aHH B crpora CHCTeMa. B T03H nepHOJl: ce ry6H pa3Ka3BaTeJIHOCTTa Ha CTeHonHCHTe, H36HpaT ce casso HaH-rJIaBHHTe CIO*eTH, OCHOBHHTe nyaerose B JIHTyprHJlTa. 'Bee ome Jl:OpH e cnopao Jl:aJIH B n1>pBOHa'laJIaara HJl:eHHa nporpasra ce e npensaanano B1>06me yqaCTHeTo Ha eBaureJICKH cu;eHH. ,n:ocTa yqeHH ca aa MHeHHe, 'Ie OTHa'laJIO ca ce H306pa39BaJIH CaMO CaMOCTOJlTeJIHH nepcoHa*H6•

18

AKO ce C1>nOCTaBH Jl:eKOpaTHBHaTa CHCTeMa aa CTeHonHCHTe OT .Berara U1>pKBa" C H3HCKBaHH9Ta OT IX-XI B., me ce ~1'KPH9T MHoro Jl:OnHpHH TO'lKH. rJIaBHH Jl:eHcTBYBaIUH JIHu;a B I.J;JIJIaTa KOMn03HI.J;H9 ca XPHCTOC UaHTOKpaTOp H DOrOp0Jl:Hu;a Opaara, Te ce HaMHpaT TO'lHO B OTHOlUeHHeTO, KoeTO HM ce onpeztens OT Jl:eKOpaTHBHaTa nporpasra. DH MOrJIO Jl:a ce B1>3pa3H, 'Ie B cnyxas ztaara nepcoaaxa ca pa3MeHHJIH MeeTaTa CH - XPHCTOC e HapHCYBaH B H3TO'lHaTa HHlUa, a DOrOp0Jl:Hu;a - B nerrrpanaara. Ho TOBa 9BHO e npOJl:HKTYBaHo OT eCTecTBeHaTa CTpYKTypa Ha nemepaTa - HUH-BHcoKaTa HHlUa e H3TO'lHaTa. OcBeH TOBa naHToKpaTOp1>T '1eCTO ce pasnonara C1>06pa3- HO ocotieaocrare aa C1>OTBeTHHJI xpasr, HanpHMep B 6a3HJIHKaJIHH U1>PKBH OT THna Ha Te3H B qe4>any H MOHpeaJIe TOH ce npessecraa B ancnaara 7• TB1>pJl:e e B1>3MO*HO orpamrseHOTO npOCTpaHCTBO B1>B .Berara U;1>pICBa" Jl:a e npHHYJl:HJIO XYJl:O*HHKa Jl:a H306pa3H casro nepcoaasorre, KOHTO ce pHCYBaT B ancaaara H B 6JIH3OCT Jl:0 HeJl.

TaK1>B H3BOJl: ce nonxpens OT 4>aICTHTe.

Henocpencraeao Jl:0 XPHCTOC naHTOKpaTOp H DOrOp0Jl:Hu;a Opaara ce HaMHpaT Jl:BaMaTa apxaarena, BepOJlTHO TOBa ca MHXaHJI H FaapaHJI, ICOHTO B U;1>pKBHTe OT IX-XI B. ce H306pa3J1BaT OKOJIO DOrOp0Jl:Hu;a B 6eMaTa H 3aTBapJlT nOMeX<Jl:Y CH "XeTHMa3H9" - "npHrOTBeHHJI npecron". ,ll;aJIH e 6HJIO TaKa B1>B "BeTaTa U;1>pICBa", TPYJl:HO Mo*e na ce Ka*e nopaaa JIOlUOTO C1>CTOJlHHe aa naMeTHHKa. noJl:OJIY TpJl6Ba na ce pasrpsma "EBxapHCTH9"· H 06pa3HTe aa n1>pBOCBemeHHI.J;H, apxH.lUlKOHH H CBeTI.J;H. B CTeHonHCHTe OT nemepara ce BH*Jl:a nOJl:06HO pasnonoxemre. Ilon Ilaaroxparopa e HapHCYBaH U;1>pKOBeH oren, BCTpaHH ca npencraaena CBeTI.J;H H CBeTHI.J;H KaTO M1>'1eHHI.J;H. no H1CoHorpa4>cICH THn MJIaJl:HJlT csereu M1>'1eHHK MHoro HanOMH93a H306pa*eHHJITa na CBeTHTe AAKOHH. Taxa H3n1>JIHeHa, *HBODHCaara Jl:elCopaI.J;HJI HMa aa uen zta CBaJIH nornezta aa BepYIOIUHTe OT HeOeTO (xynona) aa 3eMJlTa, T. e. OT Hefecaara U;1>pKBa (XPHCTOC) rrpes 3eMHaTa U1>pKBa (Boroponaua) Jl:0 CBeTI.J;HTe, OJIHu;eTBOp9BaIUH C1>B1>plUeHHTe MOJl:eJIH aa '10BelUKH9 POJl:.

Ilemepara "BeTaTa I.J;1>pKBa" He e H36paHa CJIyqaHHO. Haceseaasr OT ecrecrsena HHlUH CBOJl: HanOMH9 aa pa3Jl:BH*eHOTO npOCTpaHCTBO aa BH3aHTHHCICHTe xpasroae OT IX-XI B. Pa3ICa3BaTeJIHOCTTa Ha eBaureJICICHTe cu;eHH e sasreneaa C1>C crporara OJl:YXOTBOpeHOCT aa 4>POHTaJIHO H306pa3eHHTe CBeTI.J;H, '1HHTO norJIeJl:H ca OTnpaBeHH IC1>M 3pHTeJI9 OT BCH'IICH CTpaHH. Te ca H3nHcaHH no TaK1>B Ha'lHH, 'Ie CT09IUH9T B nemepara '10BeK e 6YKBaJIHO ofirpaztea OT 06pa3HTe HM.

Bspxy H306p~eHH9Ta OT "BeTaTa U;1>pKsa" MoraT Jl:a ce aanpaasr H H9KOH 1C0HICpeTHH H1CoHorpa4>cICH Ha6JI1O,AeHHJI. JIHu;eTo aa Ilaa'roxparopa OT BHCOICHJI eCTecTBeH KynOJI He ce e 3ana3HJIO, HO nosara My e MHoro xapaxrepaa

aa npoaaaeneaaara aa H3ICYCTBOTO OT X-XII B. 8 C'L~OTO ce OTHaCjI H aa Boroponana Opaara. HeA:HHjlT 06pa3 aasorpa aHaJIOrHH C )l(HBOnHCHH naMeTHHIUI rJIaBHO OT XI B.-B . ~'LpICBaTa "YcneHHe EorOpO)J;H'IHO" B Haxea

(l 025-1028)9, B ClCaJIHaTa uspxaa ",l(HpeICJIH ICJIHCe" ICpaA: EeJIHcaraMa B MaJIa A3HjI (Ha'laJIOTO aa XI B.)1 H np, ApXaHreJIHTe OKOJIO Boroponaua ca 06JIe'leHH B )];aJIMaTHICH H XHMaTHH. T03H THn H306pa)l(eHHjI e 0c06eHO npHC'L~ Ha BH3aHTHA:cKOTO' H3ICYCTBO OT X-XI B. (nO-IC'LCHO ce noaasaar T. Hap. JIOpaTHH apxaarennj'". Q'LPKOBHHjlT oren non Ilaarosparopa B'LB "Bel'aTa U'LpICBa" HMa 6JIH3'LK napaJIeJI C 06pa3H OT M03aitKHTe Ha KHeBCKaTa "CB. Cocl)HjI" OT cpeztara aa XI B. no xapaxrepaara npasecxa aa KOCHTe H cpopMaTa aa 6pa)];aTa TOA: MO)l(e na ce H)];eHTHcpHUHpa HaA:-BepOjlTHO C'LC CB. BaCHJIHA: BeJIHKH HJIH CB. rpHrOpHA: HHCKH 12.

Mnoro HHTepecHH ca H H306pa)l(eHHjlTa aa OCTaHaJIHTe CBeTIUI. no BCH'IKO H3rJIe)l()J;a, 'Ie TOBa ca rJIaBHO 06pa3H aa M'L'IeHHIUI. Cpezt M'L)I(I(HTe nepcoaasor He ce BH)I()J;a HHTO e)J;HH cseren, 06JIe'leH B'LB BoeHHO caapsoseaae. E)J;Ba JIH B CTeHonHCHTe aa nentepara ca OTC'LCTByBaJIH H306pa)l(eHHjI aa M'L'IeHHIUlTe BOHHH - CB. ,l(HMHT'LP, CB. Teopra, CB. Teonop CTPaTHJIaT H Teoztop THPOH H )];p. HjlKOH OT 06pa3HTe (.Nil 1 H 2 OKOJIO BXO)];a, KaKTO H .Nil 13 H 14) jlBHO HanOMHjlT sa BoeHHHTe CBeTUH. B TaK'LB cJIY'laA: Te ca H306pa3eHH cnopen pannara HM axoaorpadm» - HMeHHO KaTO M'L'IeHHIUI, a He KaTO 06JIe'leHH B nocnexa apHCTOKpaTH, KaKTO CTaBa CJIe)]; xpas aa XI B. T03H cpaKT HaCO'lBa )];aTHpOBKaTa aa CTeHOllHCHTe OT "BeTaTa U'LpICBa" K'LM X-XIB.13

06pa3HTe aa CBeTHIUI C'L~O nparexaear Ba)l(HH OC06eHOCTH. nO)];06eH pen OT )l(eHCKH nepcoaaxa C npHC'LCTBHeTO aa CB. Ilapacsesa ce OTlCpHBa B CTeHonHCHTe aa CKaJIHaTa U'LpKBa "KHJIH)J;)I(JIap KynIJI)'IC" B Kana)J;OKHjI (cp. XIB.)I4. CXO)];CTBOTO C H306pa)l(eHHj(Ta OT .Berara U'LpKBa" e MHoro rOJIjlMO. IIocJIe)];HHTe ca sanaaeaa nomo OT pasreaere aaaony, HO no aHaJIOrHjI C MaJIOa3HA:cKHTe 06pa3H MO)l(e na ce npennonoxa, 'Ie C'L~O ca 6HJIH B opaHTHH n03H. KyJIT'LT K'LM H306pa3eHaTa B'LB "BeTaTa U'LpKBa" CB. Ilapacsesa He TPjl6Ba na ce 6'LplCa C nO'IHTaHeTO HaCB. Ilapacsesa (IIeTKa) EnHBaTCKa, KoeTO .cenoDjlBa 3Ha'1HTeJIHO nO-K'LCHO. T03H KyJIT e pasnpocrpaHeH rJIaBHO B IOroH3To'lHa Eapona, MaJIa A3HjI H BH3aHTHA:cKa HTaJIU. HaA:-paHHoTO sarraseao H306pa)l(eHHe aa CBeTHQaTa e B "XOMHJIHHTe na CB. Fparopaa Ha3HaH3HH" OT IX B., C'LXpaUBaHH B Ilapaaxara HaIUlOHaJIHa 6H6JIHOTeKa 15.

,l(OCTHraMe )];0 B'LnpOCa sa CTHJIOBHTe OC06eHQCTH na H306pa)l(eHHjlTaOT nemepara. naMeTHHIUlTe OT X-XI B., C KOHTO MO)l(e na ce aanpaaa cpasaeaae, C'LBceM He ca MHoro- 6poA:HH. OT ezma crpana, TOBa ca BeJIHl(OJIenHHTe M03aitm B KOHCTaHTHHOnOJICKaTa "CB.

COCPHjI", "CB. COCPHjI" B KHeB H B r'LpUHjI (KaTOJIHKOHa aa MaHaCTHpa "Hea MOHH", U'LpKBHTe "Y6lIeHHe EorOpO)J;H'IHO" B ,l(acpHH H "XOCHOC Jlyxac" B'LB CIlolCHJJ;a). CTeHonHCHTe ca )];OCTa nosese, HO ca ce C'LXpaHHJIH rJIaBHO B nepaoepaare H.a: BH3aHTHA:cKaTa CTOJIHua 06- JIaCTH, )];OlCaTO B M~OnOJIHjlTa nO'lTH JIHnCBaT. TYK aa n'LpBO MjlCTO TPjl6Ba )];a ce orfenexar CTOTHIUlTe CI(aJ'IHH U'LPKBH B Kana)];OKHjI H B'L06~e B MaJIa A3HjI. B )l(HBOnHCTa . HM ce Ha6JIIO)];aBa rOJIjlMO CTHJIOBO paaaoofipaaae, ICaTO npe06JIa)J;aBaT apXaH'IHH're, paHHOXpHCTHjlHCKH BJIHjlHHjI. B e)J;HH THn naMeTHHIUI 06a'le, oT6eJIjl3aH ome HaBpeMeTO OT r. ne )I(epcpaHHOH, ce )];OJIaBjI npyr CTHJI. TOBa ca T. Hap. U'LPKBH C ICOJIOHH (nOCO'leHHTe no-rope, a C'L~O "KapaHJI'LK ICJIHce", "EJIMaJI'L ICJIHCe" H np.), B ICOHTO ce BH)I()];aT C'LBpeMeHHHTe TeH)J;eHIUlH B'LB BH3aHTHA:cICOTO H3ICYCTBO. qOBewKHTe H306pa)l(eHHjI B TjlX ca H3n'LJIHeHH non CHJIHO KOHCTaHTHHOnOJICKO BJIHjlHHe H ca 3Ha'lHTeJIHO nO-H3)J;'LJI)I(eHH, C 4>HHH H KpaCHBH 3a06JIeHH JIHua16• Te3H 06pa3H ca HaA:- 6JIH3ICHTe napanena aa CBeTUHTe OT "BeTaTa U'LpKBa" .

Ha fiaaara aa H3BeCTHHTe BH3aHTHA:cICH naMeTHHIUI OT X-XI B. MoraT na ce OTICPOjlT CJIe)];HHTe CTHJIHCTH'IHH OTJIHICH npn H306pa- 3j1BaHe aa '10BeWKaTa 4>Hrypa. TjI e OCHOBHa B )l(HBOnHCTa, a BCH'IKO 3a06HKaJIjI~0 ce C'LKpautaaa HJIH H3'1e3Ba Han'LJIHO. 06pa3HTe CaJIelCH H B'L3)];YWHH, C nO)];'1epTaHO H3TO'leHH nponopIUlH, asrpanena spea T'LHlCa H a6CTpaKTHo CTHJIH3HpaHa JIHHHjI. TexHHTe CypOBH H acxeTH'IHH JIHua npH)];06HBaT H3pa3 Ha )];'LJI60Ka O)];yxoTBopeHocT. nOjlBjlBa ce aepaTH'IHOCTTa aa HenO)];BH)I(HH H 3aCTHHaJIH n03H, KOjlTO )];OBe)l()];a )];0 nOCTeneHHO npeotinanaaaae aa CTaTH'IHaTa CPPOHTaJIHOCTl 7. B 3aB'LpWeH BH)]; Te3H TeH)J;eHIUlH ce Ha6JIIO)];aBaT K'LM cpeaara aa XI B. IIOCTHrHaTa e enaa acaa H cnolC0A:H8 H3pa3HTeJIHOCT, HecJIO)l(Ha, HO aenocpencraeaa excnpecas, )];paMaTH3'LM, 3By'la~ npaxo H OTKpHT018• B KOJIOPHTHO OTHoweHHe ce C'L3)];aaa onpeneneao UBeTOBO e)J;HHCTBO spes yxpynaasaae aa neraara H PHTMH'IHOTO HM nOBTOpeaae. Oc06eHO saaseaae HMaT CMaJITaTa H 3JIaTOTO, xpea KOHTO 06pa3HTe KaTO 'Ie JIH CBeTjlT.

E)J;HH nornen B'LPXy H306pa)l(eHHna OT .Berara U'LpKBa" y6e)l()J;aBa, 'Ie TaM ca C'L6JIIO)];aBaHH C'L~Te H3HCKBaHU (06p. 10). Bese CTaHa JJ;yMa aa YMHWJIeHO T'LpceHaTa 3aC1'HHaJIOCT H CPPOHTaJIHOCT. n03HTe ca aenozrBH)I(HH, cssam B e)J;HH MOMeHT BCH'IKH H306pa- 3eHH nepcoaasea ca ce BKaMeHHJIH. XapaxrepHH ca JIHuaTa na CBeTIUlTe. MaHHepHOTO npenasaae aa C''1HTe - '1pe3 )];BOitHO 3aBHBaHe na MHrJIHTe H )];eICOpaTHBHO CB'Lp3BaHe aa Be)l()J;aTa C OICOTO, e 6eJIer, npHC'L~ aa 06pa3HTe OT X-XI B. CaMHTe O'IH ca WHPOKO OTBOpeHH, a nornensr HM e HaCO'leH npaso aanpezt, OT M'L)I(ICHTe nepcoaaxa HaA:-)];06pe e aanaaeao JIHueTO aa MJIa)J;HjI caereu, KOA:TO ce

19

10

• 06p. /0. H306pa:JICenuJl ua ceemuu om .Bemama IIbPK6a" (Ce. Ilapacxeea U MAaiJUJl c6emell- iJJlKon?). Fig. 10. Image de saints de "Vetata carkva" (S" Paraskeva et Ie jeune saint - diacre?)

• 06p. 11. HaiJnuc U usotipaoceuue ua ceemuua om .Bemama IIbPK6a". Fig. 11. Inscription et image de sainte de .Vetata carkva"

aasrapa 3anaJ(H0 OT DOrOpO.nuIJ.a Opaara. Ton HMa BeJIHKOJIenHH aHaJIOrHH B 06pa3HTe aa n'LpBOM'L'IeHHKa Credian OT HKOHa B EPMHTa)f(a (XI-XII B.) H aa CB. MepKYPHn OT e~HOHMeHHaTa IJ.'LpKBa aa O-B Kopdiy (XIB.)19. BH~a ce csmara cpopMa aa JIHIJ.eTO H I1IHJlTa - CHJIHO H3TO'leHH, aa noca (sraxap na e npenazten B'LB cpac, Ton e xapaxrepao CB'Lp3aH caxso C eztnara aexna), aa ceHKHTe non O'lHTe H neraara no 6Y3HTe, tra nOKa3aHHTe C nO-CBeT'LJI ll:BJlT JIeKH 6P'L'IKH Ha~ Be)f(~HTe.

)I(eHcKHTe JIHIJ.a C'LmO OTrOBapJlT na npaananare aa H3KYCTBOTO OT X-XII B. (06p. 11). Te ca ~OCTa H3~'LJI)f(eHH, C JIeKO KBa~paTHH 6pa.nu'lKH, I1IHpOKH '1eJIa H cpaBHHTeJIHO rOJIeMH ycra. Hocosere ca cpeznro ~'LJIrH, MaJIKO r'Lp6aBH H 3aKp'LrJIeHH aaxpaa. Te3H THnOBe ca xapaxrepaa B OCPHu:HaJIHOTO H3KYCTBO aa OCHOBHHTe nepcoaaxa. Orne npes XI B. npa CTpaHH'IHHTe nepconaxa xy~O)f(HHu:HTe CH n03BOJIJlBaT no-cB060~Ha, ~OpH C aHeK~OTH'IHH eJIeMeHTH, pacyaxa. Ho B'LB "BeTaTa IJ.'LpICBa" ca H306pa3eHH caxro OCHOBHHTe

20

11

~enCTBYBamH JIHIJ.a H He ce e ~OCTHrHaJIO ~O TalC'LB MOMeHT.

CTaHa JlCHO, 'Ie ICOJIOPHT'LT aa CTeHonHCHTe OT nentepara e ~OCTa ocofiea. KOJIICOTO H na e HeBepOJITHO aa. enoxara, aBTOp'LT OTJIH'IHO anaztee rpacpH'IHaTapHCYHlCa. Qpe3 moancapaHeTO aa E>XPOBHJI ll:BJlT Ton C'L3~aBa 06eMHTe, nOICa3Ba ·MHCTH'IHHJI eICCTa3 aa CBeTIJ.HTe. Ho ensa JIH MO)f(e na ce ztorrycae, 'Ie Xy~O)f(HHIC'LT e HClCaJI na pHCYBa rpadiasao. Ilo-cxopo Ton He e nparescaaan He06xo~HMHTe sa )f(HBOnHC'ra 60H.

11 TYIC H3HHKBa HHTepeCHHJlT B'LnpOC - ICon e aBTOp'LT na CTeHonHCHTe H samo e H3nHCaJI no TaK'LB Ha'lHH nemepara? E~Ba JIH MO)f(e na HMa C'LMHeHHe, 'Ie B H3BeCTeH nepaozt ClCaJIHOTO 06pa3YBaHHe e 6HJIO H3nOJI3YBaHo lCaTO y6e)f(Hme H xpasr aa MOHaCH HCHxaCTH. Haoxono B npOJIOMa na pexara HMa H npyra MaJIlCH nemepa, 1C"b~eTO BepOJITHO ca 6HJIH ICHJIHHTe ua MOHaCHTe. MecTHH )f(HTeJIH ca oTlCpHBaJIH Kpan TJlX XPHCTHJlHCICH norpefieaas. IIpaBH Bne'laTJIeHHe 06a'le npeIJ.H3HaTa H YMeJIa pacynxa aa H306pa)f(eHHJlTa. Maxap Xy~O)f(HHK'LT .na e H3nOJI3YBaJI OCIC'L~HH openersa, 6e3 Ma3HJIKa H paaaoofipaaae aa 60HTe, JIH'IH, 'Ie Ton n03HaBa ~06pe pafiorara .CH. TOBa aaaesczta aa MHC'LJITa, 'Ie npena na CTaHe OTIIIeJIHHIC, ManCTOp'LT aa CTeHonHCHTe e 6HJI npooecaoaanea Xy~O)f(HHIC.

"Taxa CTeHonHCHTe OT "BeTaTa rrspxsa" MoraT na ce ztarapar Haii-06mo B paMKHTe na X-XII B., KaTO nO-CKOpo rpaaarapar KbM

1 B. JI a 3 ape B. CHCTeMa lICHBonHCHoii }J.elCOpaIlHH BH3aHTHiicICOro xpasea IX-XI BB. - B: BH3alITlIACICIUI lICHBonHCb. M., 1971, 98-99.

2 A. Grabar. L'art byzantin au XI- siecle. - CArch., XVII, 1967, 262-263.

3 A. r p a 6 a p. PeJlHfH03HOTO H3ICYCTBO H BHlaHTHiiclCaTa HMnepIDI B enoxara aa Maxenoacxara }J.HHaCTHli. - B: lb6paHH C'b'lHHeHHli, I. 1982, c. 119.

4 G. de J erphanion. L'image de Jesus Christ dans' l'art chretien, - Nouvelle revue theologique, mars, 1938, 274-275.

5 B. Jl a a a p e e. IJ;HT. C'b'l., 100--104.

6 R. Jenkins, C. Mango. The Date and Significanse of the Thenth Homily of Photius, ._ Dumbarton Oaks Papers, X, 1956, 137~139.

7 G. de Jerphanion. Op. cit., p. 274.

8 A. I) a H IC. npHICJla}J.HOe HCICYCCTBO BH3aHTHH IX-XIIBB. M., 1978, 121-124.

9 B. JI a 3 ape B. JilCTOPHli BH3aHTHHclCoit lICHBonHcH, II. M., 1947, Ta6Jl. 97.

10 M. Restle. Die Byzantinische Wandmalerei in Klein Asien, III. Recklinghausen, 1967, Taf. 522.

rrspnara nOJIOBHHa OT nepaona. Te ca e,IlHH OT aaa-panaare Cpe,nHOBeKOBHH )l(HBOnHCHH naMeTHHWI, OTKf»IBaHH B 6bJIrapcKHTe 3eMH.

11 H. 0 B '1 a p OB . .D;Ba Me}J.HH naH}J.aHTHBa C H306palICeHHlI aa apxaarenaer Ilpecnas. - Apxeonoras, XXIII, 1981, ICH. 1-2, 89-:-96.

12 H. Ca n s s o. )l(HBonHcL JJ.peBHeit PyCH XI-Ha'l.

XIIhB. JI., 1982, 41Hf. 19 H 21.

13 no B1>npoca sa BOHHHTe CBeTUH BlIC. H. OB'Iapo B. K1>M HICoHorpa4lHlITa aa HHOH CBeTUH npes X-XIVB. - ApXeOJlOrHlI, 1982, 2, 46-48; CTeaTHToB peJle41 OT T1>proBlIIIle CPllJJ.lCO H306pallCeHHe Ha CB. ApTeMHii. - Apxeonoras, 1984, I, 63--66.

14 M. Restle. Op. cit., .Nil 295-299.

15 L. Rea u. Iconographie de l'art chretien, III.

Iconoyaphie de saints, III. Paris, 1959, 1027-1028.

1 G. de Jerphanion. Les eglises rupestres de CapadocecL Paris, 1925, p. 380 etc.

17 B. JI a 3 ape B. JilCTOPHli BH3aHTHitCICOii lICHBonHCH ... ,104--105.

18 B. n 0 Jl e B 0 H. JilClCYCCTBO Fpeuaa, Cpe}J.HHe BeJCa.

M., 1973, 246-247.

19 JilCICYCCTBO BH3aHTHH B co6paHHlIX CCCP, II. M., 1,~77,1'f1 466; P. VOC otopoulos. Fresques datees du XIe steele a Corfou. - CArch., XXI, 1971, p.151.

Contribution au probleme de la peinture byzantine moyenne rupestre (XIe_xnes.)

N, OVL:AROV, p, TOTEVA

(Resume)

Dans l'article est publiee l'eglise rupestre nouvellement decouverte dans la region de la ville de Topolovgrad. Le temple est situe dans une petite grotte karstique commode pour des actes cultuels. Toute la surface interieure est recouverte de fresques - Ii present fortement effacees par Ie temps. Aujourd'hui on compte quatorze representations de saints et quatre inscriptions.

Le schema de la decoration des fresques est tres caracteristique - il repond aux exigences formees dans l'art byzantin vers la fin du IX- s. sous l'influence des opinions du patriarche Photios. C'est une variante elargie

de la composition "Ascension". Le plus haut se trouve l'image du Christ Pantocrator (L'eglise celeste); immediatement au-dessous d'elle et en face est la Vierge Oranta (L'eglise terrestre); en bas tout autour suivent des representations de peres d'eglise, d'archanges et de saintsmartyrs. Par leurs traits stylistiques et iconographiques, les fresquesde la "Vetata carkva" trouvent des paralleles parmi les monuments du XIe...c.-XII- s. - surtout en Asie Mineure et Capadokie. Elles sont realisees avec des moyens insuffisants (seulement avec de l'ocre et sans taquet), vraisemblablement par des ermites.

21

Mamepuanu U csotnqenun

PaHHH pO~OCKH enOHHMHH neqaTH OT Ka6HJIe

JI lOAM &-IJI rETOB

no apexse na apXeOJIOrH'IeCKHTe pasxonxa na TpaKHHcKHH rpan Ka6HJIe ce oTKpHBaT pa3Ho06pa3HH H pa3JIH'IHH no xapaKTep HaXOAKH, KOHTO CBH)leTeJICTBYBaT, 'Ie rpazrsr e pa3BHBaJI aKTHBHa T'bprOBCKa )leHHocT. KaTo eAHH OT rOJIeMHTe rpancxa lJ,eHTpOBe B'bB B'b rpeuraocrra T'bprOBCKHHT My 06MeH IIJ,e OTpa3HBa B e)lHa HJIH )lpyra CTeneH H BKJIfO'IBaHeTO aa ,[(peBHa TpaKHH B HKOHOMH'IeCKaTa cdiepa aa eJIHHHCTH'IecKHH CBHT. Enaa 'IaCT OT T03H MaTepHaJI, aMq,opHTe H aMq,opHHTe nexara, n03BOJIHBaT zta ce rranpaaar Ba)KHH H3BO)lH KaKTO sa HHTeH3HBHOCTTa aa nnoca, TaKa H 3a BpeMeTO Ha HaH-paHHOTO npOHHKsane aa npoAyKIJ,HHTa aa eAHH HJIH ztpyr npOH3BO)lCTBeH nerrrsp BT03H paaoa,

KOJIeKIJ,HHTa aMq,opHH nexara OT Ka6HJIe e sese 3Ha'lHTeJIHa no 06eM H nenpexscaaro ce norrsnsa KaTO pe3YJITaT OT npO)l'bJI)KaBaIlJ,HTe apXeOJIOrH'IecKH npoy'lBaHHH Ha rpa)la. Ta3H KOJIeKIJ,HH e sese COJIHAHa OCHOBa aa H3Y'laBaHe KaKTO aa T'bprOBCKo-HKOHOMH'IeCKHTe Bp'b3KH aa rpana H AHHaMHKaTa aa saoca B pa3JIH'IHH nepaonn OT apesre, 'rasa H sa H3CJIe)lBaHe aa HHKOH CneIJ,Hq,H'IHH np06JIeMH na KepaMH'IHaTa enarpadiaxa.

06eKT aa npoyssaae B HaCTOHIIJ,aTa CTaTHJI ca AeBeT POAOCKH enOHHMHH nesara, KOHTO XpOHOJIOrH'IecKH ce OTHaCHT K'bM paHHHJI nepHOA OT npOHHKBaHeTO Ha pO)lOCKaTa npoAYKIJ,HH B'bB B'bTpelliHOTpaKHHCKHTe 3eMH H KOHTO cnopezt zrocera npaerara XpOHOJIOrH'IeCxa KJIaCHq,HKaIJ,HH na POAOCKHTe enOHHMHH nexara cnaztar K'bM I H 118 XpOHOJIOrH'IeCKa rpyna ',

KaKTO e H3BeCTHO OT zrocera npoyseaas aMcpopeH MaTepHaJI, rOCnO)lCTBOTO aa POAOC no 3ana)lHHJI 6pHr na nOHTa (OT'IaCTH H B'bTpelliHOCTTa, AOKOJIKOTO n03BOJIJlBa ztoceramaara HH npencrasa aa C'bCTOJlHHeTO TYX) ce OTHaCJI K'bM nOCJIeAHaTa 'IeTB'bpT aa III H rrspsare nae )leCeTHJIeTHH aa II B. np. H. e.2 ny6JIHKYBaHHTe TyK aMcpopHH nesara IIJ,e anecar AOn'bJIHHTeJIHa CHrypHOCT B noceranrHHTe H3BOAK 3a paHHOTO T'bprOBCKO npOHHKsaae aa POAOC B TpaKHH H C'bIlJ,eBpeMeHHO IIJ,e

22

xoparapar HHKOH AoceraIIIHH MHeHHH OTHOCHO pOJIHTa My KaTO T'bprOBCKH napTHhOp C paHOHHTe OT B'bTpelliHOCTTa.

'ETt[L A]Lo" XUAi[vou]

1. Cexrop IX. 1984 r. V 271 (06p. la)". Ilpaaosrsnea C HaAnHC B ABa pezta. ]IHBaTa 'IaCT na nOJIeTO He e sanaseaa, HO B'b3CTaHOBxara He 6Y)lH C'bMHeHHe. ALO"xuAlvo~ e PH)lKO cpemaa POAOCKH enOHHM, y Hac aa rrspsa rrsr HAeHTHcpHIJ,HpaH cpezt aMcpopHHH MaTepHaJI OT QepHoMopHeT04• EK3eMnJIJlp'bT OT Ka6HJIe e eAHHcTBeH sacera OT B'bTpelliHocTTa. OT T03H enOHHM ca H3BeCTHH KaKTO npaaosrsnaa, 'raxa H Kp'brJIH nesara, HaH-6JIH3Ka aerona aHaJIOrHH e eAHH nexar, OTKpHT B POAOC, C'bC csutara q,opMa H Ha'lHH na H3nHCBaHe aa HMeTo(Porro, Roma, 1916, .NQ34). nO)l06eH nesar e H3BeCTeH H OT JIHHAoCKHH KaTaJIOr aa HHJICOH (Nilsson, Lindos, 1909, .NQ 34) C JI'b'lHCTa rnaaa aa XeJIHOC BJIHBO. Ilopana TOBa, 'Ie npn nesarare aa T03H enOH}lM MeCelJ,HTe OT POAOCKHH KaJIeHAap noasxora ce npencraasr, a noasxora ce nponycxar, B. rpeHC ro npesrecra OT I B'bB 118 XpOHOJIOrH'IecKa rpyna. Ta3H npOMHHa ce OTHaCH H aa penana npyra enOHHMH, npezta TOBa BKJIfO'IeHH B I rpyna (Grace-Savv. Delos, 1970, p. 293). OIlJ,e TpH nesara OT T03H enOHHM ca n03HaTH OT nHHKC, Kp'brJIH C MeCelJ,(Grace.

Pnyx, 1956,.NQ 92-94), eAKH OT ATHHcKaTa aropa (Grace. Agora, 1934,N~70) H npyrn ocexr ca AaAeHH y npHAKK (Pridik. Amphorenstempeln, 1926, p.309). Ileaar'sr OT ATHHcKaTa aropa cnazta K'bM 060c06eHHJI OT Fpeac "button" THn, xapaxrepen sa paHHHH nepaon na pOAOCKaTa KepaMH'IHa errarpaqmxa.

IX)(A~~ 'ApE"

2. Cexrop III. 1979 r. N2 2346 (06p. 16). Ilpaso'sr-snen, B nOJIe C pasoca H HaAnHC B naa pena, BJIJlBO aa nOJIeTO CTHJIH3HpaH CJI'bH'leB AKCK HJIH posera (?).MMeTO 3anO'IBa OT BTOpHH pen H 3aB'bpIIIBa B rrspaas, TB'bpAe He06H'IaHHO KaTO npaxraxa H aacera 6e3 aHaJIOrHH. 3aCJIY)KaBa zta ce oT6eJIe)KH H

a

6

8

e

1

• 06p. 1 a-u. POOOCKU enOHUMHU neuamu om Katiune. Fig. 1 a-u. Sceaux d'eponymes rhodiens de Cabyle

oc06eHH~ HaqHH Ha H3rrHCBaHe Ha afl~a llIHPOKO oraopena C npesynena XOpH30HTaflHa xacra, ITO,lJ;06HO aa e,lJ;HH ne-rar OT Tapayc (Grace. Tarsus, 1950, NQ I B npezmcnaraesro csseranae C ~a6pHKaHTa ~LOVUcrLOC; H narnpaa naii-ofimo npezta nasarro'ro aa Ileprasrcsna xoxmnexc - 220 r.) HMeTO aa enonaxra e npeztcraaeno B HOMHHaTHB, T. Hap. "HHflCOHOB afico.morea HOMHHaTHB"s. CblQH~T errOHHM e rr03HaT OT e,lJ;HH rrexar OT JIHH,lJ;OC B reHeTHB C npeztrror 'E7tL (Nilsson. Lindos, 1909, NQ70). He e n03HaT rrpaxrep sa rresarn OT erronnsra 'APETOCXA~C; C Mece.Q, nopazm KoeTO nOCTaB~HeTO My B I XpOHOflOrHqeCKa rpyrra He rrpe,lJ;H3BHKBa CbMHeHH~ (Grace. Delos, 1952, p. 528 C nOCOqeHHTe nsa exaesmnspa OT ,[(efloc). B cmrcsxa aa H3BeCTHHTe y Hac PO,lJ;OCKH enonaMH 'APETOCXA~C; He ~HrypHpa, B Kafiane ro oTKpHBaMe aa rrspna rn.r.

'E[~]Ap~

crTEWC;

3. Cnyxaaaa HaXO,lJ;Ka. 1981 r. NQ 2739 (06p.IB).

Ilpaaot.r-snen C aarmac B nsa pena. Hail- 6flH3Ka aaanoras npennara e,lJ;HH nexar y ITpH,lJ;HK (ITPH,lJ;HK. EpMHTa)K, 1917, c. 5, NQ 73), e,lJ;HHHHT OT TpHTe nexara OT JIHH,lJ;OC (Nilsson. Lindos, 1909, NQ 84-1), KaKTO H exaexmnapur OT AilHOC (EHe3) Kaygusuz - Erzen. Ainos, 1986, p. 10, NQ 17). He ca H3BeCTHH nocera nesara aa enOHHMa 'Ap~crTEUC; C Mece.Q, nopazra KoeTO HMa BCHqKH OCHOBaHHSI na 6b,lJ;e OTHeceH

e

3

u

K'h~,1 I rpyrra (Grace. Delos, 1952, p. 528). TOBa e e,lJ;HHCTBeHH~T 3acera y Hac rreqaT Ha T03H errOHHM, xoirro ce CqHTa C OCHOBaHHe sa "p~,lJ;bK", KaKTO H3PHqHO e rrOCOqeHO y Xanep ~OH Teprpaarea (Hiller. Rhodes, 1931, NQ 61).

. 'E7tL EOXAW[ c; Z]~vwvoc;

4. Cexrop V. 1981 r. NQ 2641 (06p. Ir). Kpt.rt,n, B cpezrara BMeCTO eM6fleMa HflH rorrxsra penediaa 6YKBa ~ HflH M. ITeqaTbT npeztnara aa rrspna m.r CbOTBeTCTBHe Me)K,lJ;y erronaxra EUXA~C; H ~a6pHKaHTa Z~vwv6. ITO,lJ;06- HO na rtpyra errOHHMH, KaTO 2EvapETOC; H 'Ovacrocvapoc;, Toil ce cpema CbC HflH 6e3 Mece.Q, noparm KoeTO CblQO raxa 6e npesrecrea BbB Il" XpOHOflOrHqeCKa rpyrra. T03H enOHHM CblQO rasa cpeutaxre sa rrspsa rn.r cpezt enOHHMHTe, rr03HaTH OT PO,lJ;OCKH nexarn y Hac. ,[(ocera 6e H3BeCTHa spsaxara H XpOHOflOrHqeCKOTO My CbOTBeTCTBHe C TpHMa ~a6pHKaHTH - TIOTOCfLOXA~C;, 'IEpOTEAl)C;, ~OCfLOV~XOc;. Cera yCTaHoB~BaMe CbOTBeTCTBHeTO My C ~a6pHKaHTa Z~vwv, 6e3 CbMHeHHe Z~vwv I, finaronapeaae na TOBa, qe HMeHaTa HM ca rrOCTaBeHH BbPXY e,lJ;HH H CblQH~ nesar, crrysan, C OCHOBaHHe CqHTaHH sa H3KmOqHTeflHO penxa B pO,lJ;OCKaTa xepaxra-ma enarparpaxa. ,[(pyra ocofieaocr npa T03H nexar e narm-raero na MOHorpaM BMeCTO Tpa,lJ;H.QHoHHHTe eM6fleMH, KoeTO e xapaxrepno H sa xpt.r.nare nexa ra C HMeTO na ~a6pHKaHTa Z~vwv I. IT03HaTH ca ,lJ;Ba THna nesarn aa enOHHMa 'EUXA~C; - npaaot.r-srnm H xpt.rnn. ITpHMep aa xpuri,n nexar e T03H OT Taaaac (ITPH,lJ;HK. EpMHTa)K, 1917, c.9, NQ 162, npeasztanea nO-KbCHO OT Illerron - Illenos. Tanaac, 1975, NQ III H 6eJI. 176), Kb,lJ;eTO e H3Ka3aHO

23

HeC'brJIaCHe OTHOCHO npennoxenara OT B. Fpeac nO-K'bCHa nara sa aero H ztpyra enOHHMH OT I rpyna. Kpsra,n nexar aa C'b:r.u;HSI enOHHM e H3BeCTeH H OT IIHHKc (Grace. Pnyx, 1956, N!? 76) C e'M6JIeMa lJ,BSlT aa Hap, oraecen Han-06:r.u;0 K'bM rrspaara nOJIOBHHa na III

B. np. H.e.

'EUIflPIX vOptOIXC;

5. Cexrop I. 1976 r. N!! 1560 (ofip.La). Ilpasosr-snea C aannac B nsa pena, 6e3 eM6JIeMa. 'EUIflPIXVOptOIXC; e PSl.u.KO cpeutan enoHHM, no npaBHJIO 6e3 npennor 'e7tt, C HMe B HOMHHaTHB. CHrYPHo e YCTaHoBeHa spssxara H XpOHOJIOrHqeCKOTO My C'bOTBeTCTBHe C <lla6- pHKaHTa "A~wc; (Gramatopol- Bordea. Tomis, 1969, N!? 50 C npeztnor)". T03H enOHHM C'bC CHrypHOCT ce OTHacSi K'bM I XpOHOJIOrHqeCKa rpyna (Grace. Koroni, 1963, p.328, 6eJI.20). ,lJ;Ba nesara aa T03H enOHHM ca H3BeCTHH OT JIHH.u.OC (Nilsson. Lindos, 1909), OT KOHTO e.u.HHHSlT (~',!13) e OT T. Hap. button THn, 6e3 npezinor. ,lJ;pyrHSIT nexar (N!?214-3) csuro e B csseraaae C <lla6pHKaHTa '~.\~LO::; H MOHorpaM BMeCTO eM6JIeMa. B rrspaara ny6JIHKalJ,HSI HMeTO norpenmo e nposereno KaTO Eu'tplXvo- 7tLOIXC;, KaK'bBTO enOHHM JIHnCBa B Ponoc", Hen03HaT ztocera y Hac.

'E7tt NLX(UVOC;

6. Cnysaaaa naxonxa. 1982 r. N!! 2860 (06p.

Ie).

Ilpaao'srunea C nazmac B e.u.HH pen. Nix(Uv e PO.u.OCKH enOHHM, OT KonTo ca H3BeCTHH MaJIKO nesaru. OTHacSi ce K'bM I XpOHOJIOrHqeCKa rpyna (Grace. Delos, 1952, p.529). 113BecTHH ca HerOBH nesara, cnananm K'bM paHHHSI button THn OT ATHHcKaTa aropa (Grace. Agora, 1934, N!! 69). OT C'b:r.u;HSI THn KaTO T03H OT Ka6HJIe e nexar-sr OT JIHH.u.OC (Nilsson, Lindos, 1909, N!! 333). B. Fpeac ro OCTaBSI B rpynara OT 22 paHHH enOHHMa, H3BeCTHH 6e3 MeCelJ, (Grace. Koroni, 1963, p.328, 6eJI.20). IIo.u.06eH nexar npoasxoxna H OT KaJIaTHC

(Gramatopol- Bordea, 1969, N!! 725, OTHeceH TB'bp.u.e pano, K'bM caMOTO Ha'laJIO H3: IV B.). 3a npyra aHaJIOrHH B)I(. e.u.HH nesar OT TaHaHC (meJIOB. Taaaac, 1975, N!! 157) H ztsa nesara y I', Iloppo (Porro. Roma, 1916, 148, N!?333). OT Ka6HJIe ca H3BeCTHH orne naa eK3eMIIJISIpa OT T03H THn na enOHHMa Nixcov, KOHTO B ny6JIHKalJ,HSlTa c~ oTHeceHH K'bM rpynaTa Ha HeH3BeCTHHTe nearpose".

'E7tL epE(uC; 8evlXpE'toU

7.3an'lH apsx. 1984 r. N!?32 (06p."I)1(). Kpsr'sn, OKOJIO por aa H306HJIHeTo. EnoHHM'bT 8evocpe'toc; nonofiao aa no-rope nocoseHHTe enOHHMH csmo 6e npesrecrea B'bB II" XpOHOJIOrH'IeCKa rpyna (Grace - Savv. Delos, 1970, p. 301). Ilesar-sr npennara cJIyqan aa ezma PSl)J,KO cpemana eM6JIeMa npa PO.u.ocKHTe enOHHMHH rresara - por aa H306HJIHeT010• Han-6JIH3KH HerOBH aHaJIOrHH ca rreaarare OT JIHH)J.OC (Nilsson. Lindos, 1909, N!? 335) H Taaaac (IIpH.u.HJ(. EpMHTa)l(, 1917, c.14,

24

N!! 271, npensnanea nO-K'bCHO OT Illenos, N!! 159).

['E7tlL 8e: -

vlXpe'tou

8. Cexrop VIII. 1980r. N!! 2704 (06p. 13). Ilpaso'sr-snea, C nazmac, pa3iIbJIo)l(eH B nne OT.u.eJIHO 060c06eHH nOJIeTa. BJISlBO, aa HHBOTO na n'bpBHSI pen HMa eM6JIeMa - CXeMaTHqHO npeztcraseaa rrrasa (6fOCT ?) na XeJIHOC. IIo.u.06eH nevar aa enOHHMa 8e:vocpe'toc; npOH3- xoxna OT TaHaHC (meJIOB. Taaaac, 1975, N!! 160).

OT Ka6HJIe ca H3BeCTHH oute TpH nesara aa T03H enOHHM, npaao'srunaa, HO 6eJ npennor H eM6JIeMH. TOBa ca e.u.HHCTBeHHTe nocera nexaTH na 8e:vocpe:'toc;, OTKpHTH y Hac.

(lhA(uVLOIXC;

9. Cexrop III. 1974 r. N!!1456 (06p. IH). Kpsrr,n, O.KOJIO penedma rrsnxa (6YTOH), oxrera IIIHPOKO orsopeaa, CHrMa nynapna. IIo.u.06Ho aa nocoseaare sese enOHHMH H <PLA(uVLOIXC; 6e npesrecrea B'bB II" rpyna (Grace- Savv. Delos, 1970, 301). Ton e THnHqeH npeztcrasaren aa nesarare button THn OT paHHHSI nepnozt, Cnopen Fpeac Ton TpSl6Ba zta 6'b.u.e OTHeceH K'bM n'bpBHTe HSiKOJIKO ro.u.HHH CJIe.u. 275 r., xoraro npaxraxara aa oanasasane na MeCelJ,a He e 6HJIa onte MacoBa, KaKTO nOKa3BaT casnrre nexaru aa <PLA(uVLOIXC;, a HSiKOH OT KOHTO ce osaasaaa H MeCelJ,'bT OT PO.u.OCKHSI xaneanap (Grace - Savv. Delos, 1970, p.293). HHJICOH nOCOqBa TpH eK3eMnJISIpa C nesara aa T03H enOHHM OT JIHH.u.OC (Nilsson. Lindos, 1909, N!!431) - ztsa C npeztnor 'e7tL (e.u.HHHSlT C \epeuc;, a TpeTHSIT C MeCelJ, ~OCAWC;). Casso npn nesarare OT button THn HMeTO My e npencraBeHO B HOMHHaTHB. Ta:K'bB e nexarsr, nOCOqeH y Fpeac (Grace. Eponyms, 1953, tab. 42,1 b), KonTO e Han-6JIH3Ka aHaJIOrHSI na T03H OT Ka6HJIe H KonTO npoasxoxna OT ezma lJ,SlJIa aM<llopa B C'bOTBeTCTBHe C <lla6pHKaHTa' 'Iepo'tEA"YjC;. B Ka6HJIe csmo e OTKpHT nesar ua T03H <lla6pHKaHT OT C'b:r.u;HSI THn, Heny6JIHKYBaH (N~2210). OT T03H THn ca H zraara nesara OT l1.CTPHSI (Canarache. Istria, N!? 530 - 531), KaKTO H e.u.HH nesar OT Knrrsp, npa KonTO HeOCHOBaTeJIHO ce noztosapa HaJIH'IHe aa npennor 'e7t~. Beposrao nopazta pasnoofipaaaero B THnOBeTe nexara aa T03H enOHHM R Fpeac nonosapa HaJIH'IHeTO na nO-K'bCeH OMOHHM (Grace, Delos, 1952, p.525). B rrspsara ny6JIHKalJ,HSI rresar-sr aa <PLA(uVLOIXC; HenpaBHJIHO e OTHeceH K'bM nponyxnasra na Xepcoaec!",

B H3CJIe.u.BaHeTO CH B'bpxy PO.u.ocKHTe enOHHMH B. Tpeac (Grace. Eponyms, 1953, p. 124) nOCTaBSI non enan HOMep naa enoaasra - <PLA(UVtOIXC; H <PLAWVOIXC;, O'leBH.u.HO C'bMHSlBanKH ce B npaBHJIHOTO pa3'1HTaHe npH BTOPHSI OT nix. BC'bI.U;HOCT <PLAWVOIXC; e enOHHM, OT KonTO ca H3BeCTHH nesara, nOCO'leHH OT HHJICOH (Nilsson. Lindos, 1909, c.153, OTKpHT B Karrsp), IIpH)J.HK (IIpH.u.HK. EpMHTa)l(, 1917, c.20, N1403) H IIoppo (Porro. Roma, 1916, 202, N1430). Ton e 6e3 C'bMHeHHe K'bCeH

enOHHM, KaKTO nOCO'lBa H XHJIep <pOH repTpHHreH 12. OT Ka6HJIe e H3BeCTeH enan HerOB. nesar, npa KonTO aannacsr e B ztaa pena, C

. JI'b'lHCTa rnasa na XeJIHOC H He6pe:lKeH IlIPH<pT, c xapaxrepna IlIHPOKO oraopena 06paTHa oxrera,

H3XO:lK,n;anKH OT npasrepa, nOCO'leH y Fpeac sa C'bOTBeTCTBHe Me:lK,n;y enOHHMa $LA(uVL81X~ H <pa6pHKaHTa 'le:pO'!EA1)~ OT erma H csura aM<popa, KaKTO H nopana TOBa, 'Ie OTKpHTHTe B Ka6HJIe TeXHH nesara ca Han'bJIHO e,n;HaKBK C Te3H OT aM<popaTa OT Karrsp, MO:lKe na ce npH~Me, 'Ie 're C'b~O TaKa npe,n;CTaBJISIBaT ,n;BOHKa ('IH<PT) nesara OT e,n;Ha H csura aM<popa. J],OPH nsara nOCO'leHH nesara na $LA(uVLalX~ HeC'bMHeHO ca OT e,n;HH H csut nievnen.

OTCTpaHI;I, npn H3BHBKaTa na ,n;p'b)l(KaTa HMa BTOPH, ,n;on'bJIHHTeJIeH nexar C npasosr-snna <popMa (passeepa 0,016 x 0,011 M) H nae penednra 6YKBH Il M, )l;on'bJIHHTeJIHHTe nesarn npa PO,n;OCKHTe aM<POPH, aa KOHTO ofrspaa BHHMaHHe onte Illyxapzrr, BnOCJIe,n;CTBHe 6S1xa ,n;eTanJIHO H3CJIe,n;BaHH OT )l;. E. Illenos 13. )l;oceraIlIHHTe Ha6mo,n;eHHSI nOKa3BaT, 'Ie re ce cpeutar saenao C OCHOBHHTe nesarn, H TO nO-'IeCTO C <pa6pHKaHTCKHTe, HMaT HeC'bMHeHO CJIY:lKe6HO npeztaasaaseaae, KaTO ce OTHaCSIT K'bM ,n;enHocTTa aa OT,n;eJIHH KepaMH'IHH epracTepHH. Te ce nOCTaBSIT cnopaznorao, seposrao 3a ,n;a oT6eJIe:lKaT HSlKaKBa CneUHaJIHa cepHSI aM<poPH, H csnpoaoxnar no npaBHJIO Kp'brJIH're nexara. Cnopen Illenos npaxraxara sa nOCTaBSIHe Ha ,n;on'bJIHHTeJIHH ne'laTH npH aM<popHTe aa Po,n;OC e sanoxaana B nOCJIe,n;HH're ronaaa na III H e nponsnxana H npea II B. np. H. e.14

)l;on'bJIHHTeJIHHSlT rrexar OT Ka6HJIe csnpoBO:lK,n;a nexara aa $LA(uVL81X~ H TOBa npencrasJISiBa rrspsasr H e,n;HHCTBeH sacera cJIY'lan npa neaarare aa T03H enOHHM. Ton e He nO-MaJIKO Ba:lKeH H no OTHomeHHe XpOHOJIOrHSITa aa ,n;on'bJIHHTeJIHHTe nexara, npensart 06CTOSlTeJICTBOTO, 'Ie $LA(uVLalX~ e panea PO,n;OCKH

1 V. G r ace. Timbres amphoriques trouves a Delos. - BCH, LXXVI, 1952, p.525; Idem: The Eponyms Named on Rhodian Amphora Stamps. - Hesperia, XII, 1953, 116-128. BnOCJ1eACTBHe XpOH0J10rHlITa aa pOAOCKHTe enOHHMH 6e nOAJ10llCeHa aa 'IaCTH'IHa peBH3HlI. CpB. V. Grace et M. Savvatianou-petropoulakou. Les timbres amphoriques grecs. - Exploration archeologique de Delos, XXVII, 1970, p.286, 301. B CTaTHliTa CH "Revisions in early hellenistic chronology". - Mitteilungen des deutschen archaologischen Instituts, Athenische abteilung, band 89, 1974, B. fpeHc npeAJ10llCH KOpeK~HlI OT 35 roAHHH sa KpaHHaTa nara aa TOMnC'bHOBaTa B rpyna OT eJ1HHHCTH'IecKaTa xepasraxa aa aTHHCKaTa aropa, C'bOTBeTHO H sa Ha'laJIOTO aa II nepaon OT XpOH0J10rH'IecKaTa KJ1aCH4lHKa~HlI aa POAOCKHTe enOHHMH - 240 BMeCTO 275 r. OT 240 r. cnopen Hell 3anO'IBa H 03Ha'iaBaHeTO aa Mece~a BbPXY poAOCKHTe ne'laTH.

2 M. JI a 3 a p 0 B. TbprOBCICH:re Bpb3ICH aa POAOC CbC 3anaAHOnOHTHHCKHTe rpanose npes eJ1HHHCTH'IecKaTa enoxa. - I1HMB, XII (XXVIII), 18-19.

3 ITOPRAH TOBa, 'Ie B HJ1lOCTpa~HHTe nesarare ca AaAeHH B ecrecrsesa rOJ1eMHHa (1:1), paassepare HM B

4 Apxeonorns, 3, 1988 r.

enOHHM. TOBa O'leBH,n;HO nanara '1YBCTBHTeJIHa KopeKUHSI B npe,lJ;JlO:lKeHHSI OT Illenos aaxanea TepMHH aa T03tl BH,n; nesara, KaTO Ha'laJIOTO aa Ta3H npaxraxa cera MO:lKe na ce nOCTaBH 3Ha'lHTeJIHO no-paao, ome B'bB aropara '1eTaspr na III B. np. H. e.

06Hapo,n;BaHHTe TyK PO,n;OCKH enOHHMHH nesara XB'bPJISIT HOBa CBeTJIHHa B'bpXy .rsproaCKO-HKOHOMH'IeCKHTe OTHomeHHSI B )l;peBHa TpaKHSI. Cnopen ztoceraumara HH npeztcrasa aa paaonare OT B'bTpeIlIHOcTTa, BKJIIO'IeHH B T'bprOBHSlTa C Ponoc, OTHOCHTeJIHHSlT HM ,n;SlJI ce C'IHTame He3Ha'lHTeJIeHI s. nO,n;06eH H3BO,n; 6e e,n;HHCTBeHO npaBHJIeH sa apesrero npezta BKJIIO'IBaHeTO B 06p'b~eHHe aa 3Ha'lHTeJIHaTa no 06eM sese KOJIeKUHSI OT aM<POPHH nesara OT Ka6HJIe. )l;eBeTTe PO,n;OCKH nexara, KOHTO ny6JIHKysaMe, ca Ba:lKHH npena BCH'IKO KaTO CBH,n;eTeJICTBO aa Ha'laJIOTO na PO,n;OCKOTO T'bprOBCKo npoHHKBaHe B panOHHTe Ha B'bTpeunra TpaKHSI. )l;ocera OTTyK He 6S1xa H3BeCTHH paHHH pO,n;OCKH nexara (KaKTo enOHHMHH, rasa H <pa6pHKaHTCKH), KoeTO csanasaure norpeumoro snesarneaae sa TB'bp,n;eK'bCHO YCTaHOBeHH KOHTaKTH C T03H npOH3Bo,n;CTBeH uerrrsp. PaHHOTO BKJIIO'IBaHe aa Po,n;OC B .rsproaaara no Kpan6pe:lKHeTO ce YCTaHOBSlBame CHrypHO B'b3 OCHOBa na MaTepHaJI OT 3ana,n;HonOHTHnCKHTe rpanose H TO ce OTHacSi aak-paao K'bM nOCJIe,n;HOTO neceranerae aa IV B. np. H. e. 16 AKO TOBa OCTaBa B CHJIa sa paaoaa na 3ana,n;HOTO qepHoMopHe, TO MaTepHaJIHTe OT Ka6HJIe npaBSIT BaJIH,n;Ha Ta3H KOHCTaTaUHSI H aa paaoaare na asrpemaa TpaKHSI. 06~HSlT 6pon PO,n;OCKH enOHHMHH nesara, cnananm K'bM I XpOHOJIOrH'IeCKa rpyna, TyK e 24 (nOJIOBHHaTa OT 06~OTO KOJIH'IeCTBO, H3BeCTHH OT ueJIHSI patioa aa: 3ana,n;HHSI 6pSlr aa nOHTa), KOHTO nasar C'bBCeM HOBa npencrasa aa PO,n;OCKOTO T'bprOBcKoripoHHKBaHe TyK H cBH,n;eTeJICTBYBaT aa aKTHBHOTO npHC'bCTBHe aa

ponocxara nponyenas aa TpaKHncKHTe naaapa TB'bp.n;e pano, BepOSITHO orne OT caMHSI Kpan aa IV H rrspsare ,n;eceTHJIeTHSI aa III B. np, H. e.

TeKCTa He ce nOCO'lBaT. AHaJIorHHTe aa scexa OT nesarare B TeKCTa ~e 6bAaT npeACTaBeHH CbKpaTeHo no CJ1eAHHlI Ha'lHH:

IT pHAHK, 3p.MHTallC, 1917 - E. IT P H A H K. I1HBeHTapHblH KaTaJIOr aa aMcP0PHLIX pysxax H rOpJ1L1U1lCaX H na xepenauax 3pMHTallCHOrO c06paHHlI. Ilerporpan, 1917. IIIeJ1oB. Tanaac, 1975 - ,l1;. Ii. IIIeJ1oB. Kepasraseceae

KJ1eAMa H3 Tanaaca III - I DD.· no B.3. M., 1975.

Bleckmann. Eponymen, 1912 - F. Bl e c k m.a n n . Zu den rhodischen eponymen Heliospriestem. - Klio. XII, 1912.

Gramatopol- Bordea, 1968 - M. G ram a top 0 lsi G h. Poena ru- Bordea. Amfore stampilate din Tomis. - SCIV, 19, 1968.

Gramatopol-Bordea, 1969 - M. Gramatopol and Gh. Poenaru-Bordea. Amphora Stamps from Calla tis and South Dobroudja. - Dacia, XIII, 1969.

Canarache. Istria, 1957 - V. Can a r a C he. Importul amforelor la Istria. Bucuresti, 1957.

Grace. Agora, 1934 - V. Grace. Stamped amphora handles found in 1931:- 1932. - Hesperia, I1I,.N!! 3, 1934.

25

Grace. Tarsus. 1950 - V. Grace. Excavation at Gozlii Kule. - Tarsus. I. 1950.

Grace. Delos. 1952 - V. G r ace. Timbres amphoriques trouves a Delos. BCH. LXXVI. 1952.

Grace. Eponyms. 1953 - V. G r ace. The eponyms named on Rhodian amphora Stamps. - Hesperia. XXII. 1953.

Grace. Pnyx. 1956 - V. G r ace. Small Objects from the Pnyx: II - Hesperia. Supl. X. 1956.

Grace. Koroni, 1963 - V. G r ace. Note on the amphoras from the Koroni Peninsula. - Hesperia. XXXII.

1963. .

Grace. Revision. 1974 - V. G r ace. Revision in early hellenistic chronology. - Mitteilungen des Deutschen archaologischen Instituts. Athenische Abteilung. Bd. 89. 1974.

Grace+ Savv." Delos, 1970 V. Grace et M.

Sa vv a t ia nou- Petropoula kou. Les timbres amphoriques grecs. - Exploration archeologique de Delos. XXVII, 1970.

Hiller. Rhodes, 1931 - Hiller v. Gaertringen. Rhodes. - Pauly Wissowa, RE, Supl. V, 1931.

Kaygusuz - Erzen. Ainos, 1986 - I. Kay gus u z , A.

E r zen. Amphorenhenkeln aus Ainos. - Epigraphica anatolica, 7. 1986.

Nilsson. Lindos. 1909 M. Nilsson. Timbres amphoriques de Lindos. - Exploration archeologique de Rhodes. V. 1909.

Porro. Roma, 1916 - G. Porro. Bolli d'anfore rodie del Museo Nationale Romano. - Annuario, II. 1916.

Pridik. Amphorenstempeln, 1926 - E. Pridik. Zu den rhodischen Amphorenstempeln. - Klio, XX. 1926. 4 A. A JI e K c H e B a. AMIj>OPHH nesara B Bypracxas MY3eH. - HHMo. I. 1950. V 8. Ta6JI. IV. 2 c Mecell (~EO'!1090PW~.

5 M. Nil s son. Timbres amphoriques de Lindos, 62 - 63. 6eJI I.

6 B e~Ha CTaTHIi BbPXY XpOHOJIOrH'IeCKOTO CboTBeT-

cTBHe' MelK~y pO~OCKH enoHHMH H lj>a6pHKaHTH nOCO'lHX T03H ne'laT KaTo HOB H HeH3BecTeH ~ocera B po~ocKaTa KepaMH'IHa enarpadiasa CJIY'laH. L. G he t 0 v. Contribution a la concordance chronologique entre les eponyrnes et les fabricants des amphores rhodiennes. ,- C6. H3CJIe~BaHHII B seer aa npoo, r. MHXaHJIOB (non- nexar). TBbP~c OT~aBHa M. HHJIcoH. IlHT. Cb'l. c. 151. nonycna, 'Ie nocpencrsost MOHorpaMH H 6YKBH npa pO~OCKHTe nexara ca 6HJIH oT6eJIII3BaHH B HIIKOH CJIY'laH CbKpaTCHO MecellHTe OT pO~OCKHII xaneaaap, He BCH'IKH OT H3BeCTHHTe nocera CJIY'laH otiase npennarar Ha'laJIHH 6YKBH C HMCTO aa Mecell. Bee OIllC He e IICHO KOC e HaJIOlKHJlO Cb6HpaHeTo na ~Ba HJIH TpH HHlj>opMaIlHoHHH eJIeMCHTa BbPXY e~HH H CbIllH nesar, npaxraxa. KOIITO HC C 6HJIa MacoBa. Cb~eHKH no OrpaHH'IeHHII 6pOH ne'laTH OT T03H THn.

7 3a XpOHOJIOrH'IeCKOTO CboTBeTcTBHC MelK~y poziocKH cnoHHMH H lj>a6pHKaHTH BlK. 10. Ba n a n bllHIl. HOBbie XpOHOJIOrH'IeCKHC COOTBeTCTBHII JlH'IHbIX HMeH aa ponocKHX aMlj>opax. - COBCTCKali apXeOJIOrHlI, 1980,2, c. 161 CJl.

8 H. TaH'IeBa- BaCHJICBa. AMlj>opHHTe nesara OT Ka6HJIe. - Ka6HJIc. I, 1982 • .III!:! 122.

9 H. T a H 'I e B a. Ilesara H rpalj>HTH BbpXY aMlj>opH OT Ka6HJIc. - ApXeOJIOrHlI, 1975, KH.3, c.27. Nl19 H20. 10 M. Nilsson. Op. cit., p. 155.

II H. TaH'IeBa. I..{HT. Cb'l .• 06p. 6 • .III!:! 17; M.

Jl a a ap o a , I..{HT. Cb'l .• c. 41 npaBHJIHO nOCO'lBa, 'IC nesa'rvr e pO~OCKH, HO ro nOCTaBIi B rpynara aa lj>a6pHKaHTcKHTe.

12 H. v. Gaertringen. Rhodes.-Pauly-Wissova.

RE. Supl. V. 1931, col. 840, No 303.

13 A. III e JI 0 B. KepaMH'IecKHe KJICHMa H3 pacxonox <JJaHaropHH. - M HA, .III!:! 57, 1956. 136 - 143; AOnOJlHHTeJIbHble KJIeHMa sa pO~OCCKHX aMlj>opax. - Melanges offerts A. K. Michaelowski, 1966, 663 - 668.

) 14 A. IIIeJIoB. I..{HT. Cb'l., c. 667.

15 M. J1 a 3 a p 0 B. I..{HT. Cb'l., cpasaa npHJlOlKCHHTC Ta6JIHllH I - IV.

16 Ilax TaM, c. 16.

L. GETOV

Sceaux d'eponymes rhodiens anciens de Cabyle

(Resume)

, Les seeaux d'amphore pubIies dans l'artic1e de la collection de sceaux deeouverts Ii Cabyle appartienent Ii la premiere periode de l'impression d'amphores rhodiennes et se rapportent vers Ie Ier et lIe groupes chronologiques. Dans leur plus grande partie ils sont identifies pour la premiere fois parmi les sceaux de la region occidentale de Ia mer

26

Noire et Ii I'interieur, .et temoignent de la penetration precoee de la production rhodienne en Thrace et de la presence active ici de Rhodos des la fin du IVe et les premieres decennies du Illes. avo n. ere. L'un d'eux (No.4) offre pour la premiere fois une concordance entre I'eponyme EaxA'ij~ et le fabricant Z~II(O)II I.

3a ztarara aa CTpOHTeJIHHjJ: TYXJIeH Ha,n;IIHC OT "MOMHHa 6aHjJ:"

B ,[(HOKJIeUHaHOIIOJI

TEOct>I1J1 I1BAHOB

PHMCICHSIT rpan non ,lUIeWHHSI rpan Xacap, aapesea nO-IC'bCHO ,L(HOlC.JIelUlaHOnOJl, 6HJI npo'IYT C J1eICOBHTHTe CH TOnJlH MHHepaJIHH H3BOPH H 6aHHl.

Ha H3TOIC OT ICpenOCTHHTe CTeHH na aHTH'IHHSI rpazt ce HaMHpa "MOMHHa 6aHH", ,lI;aJIe'lHa aacnennaua aa pHMCICa TepMaJIHa 6aHSI OT Ha'laJIOTO aa IV B. TaM npes <PeBpyapH 1928 r. npa aanpaaa na ICypHHTe 6HJI pa3ICpHT COJlH,ll;eH PHMCICH 3H,l1; C nOCOICa cesep - 101', B ICoiiTo 6HJI nrpanea J1aTHHCICH CTpOHTeJleH aazmac, aanpasea OT TYXJlH C paassepa: 034 x 0,17 x 0,04 M H OT'laCTH OT ICepeMH,lI;H. ~'LJDICHHaTa aa aanaaeaara 'IaCT aa Ha,ll;llHca B'L3J1H3a aa 16,30M, ICaTO n'LpBOHa'laJIHaTa ,lI;'LJlXCHHa 6HJla 19,50M. 06a'le HeRHHSlT lO)lCeH ICpaR 6HJ1 paspymea npa nonpasxa aa HOBaTa 6aHSI ztecer I'O,lI;HHH no-paao, Cera B'LnpocHHSlT 3H,lI; (WHpOIC 2,20 M H BHCOIC ,lI;0 5 M) pa3,l1;eJIH 6aceRHa OT saaaoro OT,lI;eJleHHe C ICypHHTe aa "MoMHHa 6aHH". BXO,ll;'LT aa BaHHOTO orneneHHe. ce HaMHpa B paspyureaara IO)lCHa 'IaCT aa PHMCICHH 3H,l1;. XOpocaH'LT aa 3H,l1;a C'L,lI;'Lp)ICa IC'bC'IeTa OT 'IepBeHH ryXJIH H ICepeMH,lI;H. Ilon aazmaca B'LPBH e,ll;HH XOPH30HTaJIeH pen OT cnOMeHaTHSI q,opMaT TYXJIH, a Ha,ll; Hero 'IeTHpH peaa TYXJlH.

n'LpBOTO onHCHHe aa 3H,l1;a, sacaessaaero, T'hJIICysaHeTO H ,lI;aTHpaHeTO Ha Ha,lI;llHca ,lI;'LJI)lCHM aa Ha. BeJIICOB2• Cnopea Hero Ha,lI;llHC'LT rnaca TaICa (06p.I): d.d. n.n. Maximiani et Licini augg. et Maximini et Constantini filios [edi]ficatum •..

TOR 1'0 OTHacSi IC'LM 3081'., "ICoraTO rrsp~HSIT uesap Tanepa aaaaasaaa aa CBOR noMOlD;HHIC JIHu;HHHSI" (U;HTaT).

npe3 19361'. M. AnOCTOJlH,lI;y3 npeasnaaa aannaca H ce onaraa na 1'0 ,lI;on1.JIHH, 06S1CHH H narapa. TOR C'L06lD;aBa aa ny6JIHICau;HSlTa H 'IeTeHeTO na liB. BeJIICOB. TOR CMBTa, 'Ie B Ha'laJIOTO aa nannaca e HMaJIO ,lI;yMaTa [ae](tate), ICOSITO e 06YCJlOBHJla pO,ll;HTeJlHHSI na,lI;e)IC aa H36poeHHTe J1Hu:a H TeXHHTe THTJlH. Cnen HMeTO Constantini TOR 'IeTe ,lI;yMaTa fili(i) (pon. nanea, ea. 'lRCJlO), 06a1fe He 06S1CHSIBa ,lI;aJIH TSI ce OTHaCJI ,lI;O_MaICCHMHH II KOHCTaHTHH HJIH casso ,lI;0 KOHCTaHTHH. nO-,lI;OJlY 06S1CHHBa, 'Ie KOHCTaHTHH 6HJ1 CHH na KOHCTaau:aH XJIop. Cnensamara ,lI;yMa M. AnocTOJIH,ll;y zrorrsnaa H sere TaICa: os[tium]. TOR:

CMSlTa, 'Ie Ta3H ,lI;yMa oaaaxaaa "YCTHe aa H3BOp" (ostium fontis, fluminis etc.).

Ilocneztaara sanaaeaa ,lI;YMa TOR xere TaICa: [aedJificatu[rJ.

Pa3r'LHaTHBT TeICCT rJlaCH no CJle,lUlHSI Ha'lHH:

"Ae(tate) D(ominorum) n(ostrorum) Maximiani et Licini Aug(ustorum) et Maximini et Constantini fili(i) os[tium aedJ ificatu[rJ."

AnOCTOJlH,lI;Y OTHacSi Ha,ll;nHca IC'LM

306-3081'.

,L(. U;OH'IeB npes 19371'. ,lI;aTHpa nannaca MeQY 305 H 311 1'.4

B HaCTOBlD;aTa CTaTHH me ce omrrasse zt a n pe u a a a p a ss e zra 'r a Ta aa Ha,AnHCa H ~ae,lUlo C TOBa H aa nOCTpoRICaTa, ICOSITO cnopezt Hac e 6HJla pHMCICa 6aHH.

THTJlHTe H HMeHaTa aa ,lI;BaMaTa HMnepaTOpH aBrYCTH MaICCHMHaH H JIHu;HHHR H aa ,lI;BaMaTa uesapa MaICCHMHH H KOHCTaHTHH ca ,lI;a,ll;etrn B pO,ll;HTeJIeH na,Ae)IC. TOBa nOICa3Ba, 'Ie nO"CMHC'hJI ce e pa36HpaJIO, 'Ie 6aHSITae 6HJla nocrpoeaa B TSlXHa 'IeCT, aanpmsep: ,,3a TSlXHOTO anpase" (Pro salute).

HHe ,lI;OnYCICaMe, 'Ie CTpOHTeJlHT aa TYXJleHHB aazmac e ,lI;OnyCHaJI enaa HeBOJlHa rpemxa B ,lI;YMaTa FILIOS. T'LR ICaTO MaICCHMHH H KOHCTaHTHH ca 6HJlH filii Augustorum, HHe ,lI;OnYCICaMe, 'Ie B aaanaca e 6HJlO BSipHO OYpa3eHO TBXHOTO nOJlHTH'IecICO nOJlO)ICeHHe. Ii nOHe)ICe cnensa ezmo paspyureao MSiCTO, B ICoeTO MoraT zta ce BMeCTSIT OICOJlO 7 6YICBH, TO HHe 'IeTeM H ,lI;On'hJIBaMe TOBa MHCTO TalCa:

FILIOR. AUGG=filior(um) Aug(ustorum) (duorum). Ilocnenaara sanaaeaa naec ,lI;yMa e [aedJificatum. TSI e B'bB BHH. na,ll;e)IC, en, 'IHCJlO.

° HaBHpHo e 6HJla csrnacysaaa no 'lRCJlO H na,ll;e)IC C eBeHTYaJIHaTa ,lI;yMa "bal(i)neum",,6aHSI" ,ICOSITO H3rJleQa, se ce e C'bnp)ICaJIa B cera pa3pyweHaTa ,lI;JICHa 'IaCT Ha Ha,lI;llHca.

no aHaJIOrHSi Ha ,lI;PYrH nO,ll;06HH CTPOHTeJlHH J1aTHHCICH Ha,lI;llHCH OT C'LmOTO BpeMe TpSl6Ba na ce npezmonoaa, 'Ie B JlHnCBaID;aTa 'IaCT Ha TYXJleHHH Ha~~('QHJIo cnOMeHaTO JlHU;eTO HJlH 06lD;eCTBeHaTa·Ik~CTHTY1UIJI, ICOSITO e ziana cpencrsa H ce e nOrpH)JCHJIa aa peanaaapaaero na crpoexa. TOBa MO)ICe ,lI;a 6'b,ll;e: I. rpa,ACICHHT C'LBeT aa ,L(HOlC.JIeu;HaHOnon, 2. ~YYMBHPH aa rpa,ACICHSI C'LBeT,3. MHOr03aCJIY)JC8J10 IC'LM rpana nane H ,lI;p.

HSIMa HHlCaICBO C'LMHeHHe, 'Ie Ha,ll;DHC'LT oTpa3S1Ba Terpapxasra B PHM, ICOSITO ce e C'LCTOHJIa OT naMaTa HMnepaTopH aBryCTH Fanepaa MalCCHMHaH H JIHu;HHHR H OT ,lI;Ba-

27

• 06p. 1. Cmpoumeneu mYXAeH naonuc om "MoMuHa 6aH,I" 6 PuolCAeqUaHOnoA. Fig. 1. Inscription de construction en briques de "Momina banjo" a Dtocletianopolts

MaTa nesapa, CHHOBe aa ABrYCTHTe - MaKCHMHH H KOHCTaHTHH.

HHe npennarasre CJIerornJl pa3IDHaT BH,l( aa nazmaca:

"D(ominorum) N(ostrorum) (duorum) Maximiani et Licini(i) Aug(ustorum) (duorum) et Maximini et Constantini filior(um) [Aug(ustorum) aed] ificatum ....• "

TaICa paaserea, aannaesr ,Il;aBa B'h3MO)ICHOCT na ce npeuaaapa ,Il;aTaTa aa nOCTpOJlBaHe aa crpanara, Ho HeICa ce B'hpHeM MaJIICO aasan, IC'hM 1 MaH 305 r., ICoraTO HMnepaTop ,ll;HOKJIeUHaHs ,Il;06POBOJIHO ce OTTerJIJl OT ynpa8JIeHHeTO aa PHMCICaTa HMnepHJl H OCTaBJl ICaTO CBOH 3aMeCTHHUH OCHHOBeHHTe OT Hero: asrYCTHTe Tanepaa MaICCHMHaH6 H KOHCTaHUHH" aapesea nO-IC'hCHO XrIOp, H.Il:BaMaTa nesapa Cl»JIaBHH BaJIepHH Ceaep", C'hHapO,ll;HHIC aa MaICCHMHaH, H MaKCHMHH ,ll;aHa9, ceCTpHH CHH aa MaICCHMHaH.

06a'le KOHCTaHUHH YMQJlJI aa 25 IOJIH 306 r. B rpan E6ypaICYM (zra. HOpIC B AHrJIHJl) B npOBHHUHJl EpHTaHHJl, cnen ICaTO n06e,ll;HJI MecTHOTO nnesae nHICTH. TOH 6HJI 3aMeHeH OT aarycra Cl»JIaBHH BaJIepHH CeBepll. Ho nOHe)ICe TOH YMPJlJI B 307 r., HaJIO)ICHJIO ce e na 6'h,ll;e H36paH ,Il;pyr asrycr aa HerOBO MJlCTO.

Ha 11 HoeMBpH 308 r. B rpan K a p H Y HTYM ()l;H. Ban )1;oii'l - AJITeH6ypr ,Il;OBHeHa) ce e C'hCTOJlJIa "H Mnepa TOPCIC a I( 0 H~ep e H n H a" 12 , KOJlTO 6HJIa P'hICOBO,ll;eHa OT )1;liOICJIeUHaH 13, ICOHTO npea csmara roztana 6HJI PHMCICH ICOHCYJI sa X II'LT saezrao C MaICCHMHaH, ICOHTO 6HJI ICOHCYJI aa VII rrsr. EHJIO B3eTO Ba)ICHO pemeaae: ,Il;BaMa aBrYCTH CTaBaT Tanepaa MaICCHMHaH H JIHUHHHHI4, a TeXHH nOMOIllHHn:H nesapare MaICcHMHH )1;aHa H KOHCTaHTHHI s, CHH'hT aa KOHCTaHUHH XJIop. )1;OPH MaICCHMHaH rH HapeIC'hJI filii Augustorum, T. e. "CHHOBe na ABryCTHTe", ICaICTO Y3HaBaMe OT PHMCICHJl HCTOPHIC JIaICTaHUHR16, KORTO OnHCaJI C'h6HTHeTo, H OT H1IIC0H JIaTHHCICH Ha)l;llHCHI7• CJIe,ll;OBaTeJIHO aaztrracsr OT "MOMHHa 6aH1I" nOTB'hp)lC,ll;aBa T03H ~aICT. 06a'le ,Il;BaMaTa nesapa He 6HJIH ,Il;OBOJIHH OT TOBa 3BaHHe, samoro Te O'laICBaiIH na 6'h,ll;aT H36paHH 3a aBryCTH.

C'hrJIaCHO pemeaaero OT KapHYHTYM IC'hM HMnepaTOp I'anepaa MaICCHMHaH 6HJI npana,Il;eH neaapsr MaICcHMHH ,ll;aRa, ICORTO OTrOBapJlJI aa naonesare 0pHeHT· H Braner, a IC'hM asmepa'rop JIHUHHHR - neaaps KOHCTaHTHH, ICOMYTO 6HJIH nosepeaa sananmrre PHMCKH

npoBHHUHH. .

Ha 1 JlHYapH 309r. ICOHCYJIH B PHM CTaHaJIH JIHUHHHR ABryCT H KOHCTaHTHH ABrYCTI8:

DO. NN. VALERIUS LICINIANUS

28

LICINIUS AUGUSTUS, 1:.: FLAVIUS

VALERIUS CONSTANTINUS AUGUS-

TUS.

CJIe,ll;OBaTeJIHO KOHcTaHTHH 6HJI ueaap casro nerztecer ,Il;HH - OT 11 HoeMBpH ,Il;O 31 ,Il;eICeMBpH 308 r., 3aIllOTO OT 1 snyapa 309 r. TOR 6HJI aese asrycr.

MaKcHMHH )1;aRa 19 6HJI H3,1l;HrHaT aa aBrYCT npes 310r. OT CBOJlTa BORcKa B OpHeHTa. HJlICOJIICO rO,ll;HHH nO-IC'hCHO TOR 6HJI pa36HT OT JIHUHHHR H yMPJlJI B rpan Tapsyc (no ,Il;OJIHOTO 'rexeaae aa p. KH,Il;HOC, sananao OT KHJIHICHJl) B xpas aa JIJlTOTO aa 313 r.

B'h3 OCHOBa na ropaare ,Il;OKa3aTeJICTBa CTaBa JlCHO, 'Ie C'hBMecTHOTO ynpaarreaae aa ,Il;BaMaTa asrycra MaKcHMHaH H JIHU:HHHR H aa ,Il;BaMaTa nesapa MaICcHMHH H KOHcTaHTHH e TpaeJIO casro OT 11 HoeMBpH ,Il;O 31 ,Il;eKeMBpH 308 r. Ilpes T03H~paT'hIC nepaozt OT spesre 6HJI arpanea TYXJIeHH,.T JIaTHHCKH CTpOHTeJIeH nannHC B 3H,Il;a B ,Il;H. "MOMHHa 6aHJl". Pa36Hpa ce, e H3MHHaJIO H3BecTHO spesre, ,Il;OICaTO HOBHHaTa sa C'hCTaBa na Terpapxasra B PHM e ,Il;OCTHrHaJIa ,Il;O rpazt ,ll;HOICJIeUHaHOnOJI20• OCBeH TOBa CTpOHTeJIHaTa ,Il;eRHOCT e npozrsrrxana nosese apesre,

HHe CM1ITaMe, 'Ie CTaBa ,Il;YMa aa nOCTpOJlBaHeTO aa pHMCICa TepMaJIHa 6aHJl, 3aIllOTO OICOJIHOCTTa H naec e 60raTa C ecrecrseaa ropema JIeICOBHTH H3BOpH. npHHUHn Y PHMJIJlHHTe e 6HJIo,ll;a ce H3rpa)IC,Il;aT MHHepaJIHH 6aHH HenOCpe,ll;CTBeHO B'hPXy eCTeCTBeHHTe H3BOPH (EypraCICHTe 6aHH (Aquae calidaej-", XacxosCICHTe MHHepaJIHH 6aHH22, CTapo3arOpCICHTe MHHepaJIHH 6aHH23 H np.),

HooaTa ,Il;aTHpOBICa Ha B'hrtPOCHHJl CTPOHTeJIeH nazmac HH nasa OCHOBaHHe,ll;a npenarapasse nocerannrare ,Il;aTHpOBICH aa PHMcKHTe 6aHH B'hTpe B '1epTHTe aa PHMCICHJl rpan, TaICa uanpasrep ,ll;. lJ,oH'IeB24 OTHaCJl pHMcICaTa TepMaJIHa 6aHJl "XaBY3a" (,Il;H. "TOllJIHu:a") MHoro IC'hCHO - enna npes sropara nOJIOBHHa aa IV B. Cnopezt Hac B'hnpOCHaTa 6aHJl H npyra 6aHH B PHMCICHJl rpaa narapar OT rrepaona na KICOHOMH'IeCICHJl H KyJITYPHHJl pa3U:BeT na rpana - BpeMeTO na AHTOHHHHTe H CesepaTe, T. e. npea B1'OpaTa nOJIOBHHa aa II B. H II'LpBHTe ,Il;eceTHJIeTHJl aa III B., ,Il;O rOTCICOTO HameCTBHe B ,ll;OJIHa MH3HJl H TpaICHJl B 250 H 251 r., ICoeTO e 3aB'hpmHJIO C nofienara HM aan PHMJIJlHHTe npa PHMCICHJl ICaCTeJI A6pHTYC (,Il;H. Pasrpancxa XHCapJI'hIC)2S. B 6HTICaTa 3arHHaJI CaMHJlT PHMCICH HMnepaTop Tpasa )1;eUHR (cerrrexespa 249 - IOHH 251 r.) saenao C'hC CHHa CH XepeHHR.

TYIC pa3rJIe)lC,ll;aHHJlT aarmac HMa Ba)ICliO saaseaae He casao sa JIOICaJIHaTa HCTOPHJl aa rpan )1;HOICJIeUHaHOnOJI, HO H sa Bceo6lQaTa HCTOPHJl aa PHMcICaTa HMnepHJl no apesse aa TeTPapXHJlTa (308 r.).

1 A. U 0 H 'I e B. Xacapcjorre 6aHH, c. Xacaps, Kapnoscso. Feorpaocsa, HCTOPH'IecKH H apxeonorasecxa osepx. - rnHBM, 1935-1936 (1937), 53-210.

2 Ii. BenKOB. HOBOOTKPHTH cTapHHH. Xacap, - liBAli, V, 1928-1929, 379 H 380, o6p. I.

3 M. ·A7t()"-;()A'~()'). 0pOCXLX,x, VII, 1936, p.186, n. 149.

4 A. UOH'IeB. UHT. C"b'l., c. 177.

5 R. H l' n s I i k. Diocletianus. - Der Kleine Pauly, 2.

Mimchen, 1979, col. 36--39; Ute Sc h i IIi n g e r - Hafele. Consules. Augusti. Caesares. Datierung von romischen Inschriften und Munzen (Schriften des Limesmuseums Aalen, Nr. 37). Stuttgart, 1986, p.87, Nr. 57.

6 R.Hanslik. Maximianus, Nr. 2. - Der Kleine Pauly, 3. Milnchen, 1979, col. 90-91, Nr. 60 (Galerius). liMnepaTOp1>T 6Hn pOAeH B Romulianum (AH. c. jlceH, BHAHHcKa 06Ul1fHa, Maxaanosrpancsa ofinacr), BlIe T. Ivanov. Romulianum. - T. I. R. AquincumSarmizegetusa - Sirmium. Blatt L 34 Budapest. Budapest, 1968, p.97 H UHT. TaM nareparypa.

, A. Lippoldi. Constantius, Nr. I. - Der Kleine Pauly, I. Munchen, 1979, col. 1290; Ute Sch illi ngerHafele. Op. cit., p.89 sq., Nr. 59.

8 G. Win k I e r. Valerius (Vlavius V. Severus), Nr. 19. - Der Kleine Pauly, 5. Miinchen, 1979, col. 1114.

o A. Lippoldi. Maximinus, Nr. I. - Der Kleine Pauly, 3. Mimchen, 1979, col. 1111. Karo Ilesap TOR ce e HapH'IaJI Galerius Valerius Maximinus.

10 BlK. 6en. 7.

11 BlK. 6en. 8; CIL III, 1433311.

12 W. Seston. La conference de Carnuntum et Ie

"dies Imperii" de Licinius. - Carnuntina. Romische Forschungen in Nieder- Osterreich, III. Wien, 1956, p.l75 sqq.; E. Swoboda. Camuntum. Seine Geschichte und seine Denkmaler, Graz - Koln, 1964, p.71 sq.

13 A. D e g La s s i. I Fasti consulari dell' Impero Romano. Roma, 1952, p.78.

14 R. Hanslik. Licinius. - Der Kleine Pauly, 3.

Miinchen, 1979, col.'>~39-640 (Nr. 3); Ute Schillinger - Hafele. Op. cit., , p. 93.

15 A. Lippoldi. Constantinus (Nr. I). - Der Kleine Pauly, I. Munchen, 1979, col. 1286--1289; Ute Sc hi IIi nger - Hafele. Op. cit., 92-93 (Nr. 62).

16 Lactancii De mortibus persecutorum, 32, 5. l' CIL Ill, 6174 (OT Troesmis B Ceeepaa Ao6pYAlKa). 18 A. Degrassi. Op. cit., p. 78.

10 BlK. 6en. 9; CIL Ill, 5565 (OT Prutting).

20 V. Be se v l i e v. Wo lag der Bischofssitz Diokletianopolis in Thrakien. - Linguistique balkanique, IX, 1, 1964, 49-56.

21 B. ell H nOB. Haxoasa B ARTOCKHTe 6aHH (Aquae calidae). - liBAA, I, 1910, c.216 en.

22 A. U 0 H 'I e B. CTapHHHTe oxono XaCKoBCKHTe Tonno-MHHepaJIHH H3BOpH. - rnHBM, 1937-1939 (1940), c.94 en,

23 A. H H K 0 nOB. Crpoarenea HMIlHC OT pHMcKa 6aHli KpaR Crapa 3aropa. - ApxeonorHlI,1968, I, 43-48."

24 A. UOH'IeB. Xacapcxare 6aHH, c.156.

25 T. Ii BaH 0 B. A6pHTYC. PHMCKH KaCTen H paHHoBH- 3aHTHiicKH rpan B AonHa MH3HlI. T. I. Tonorpadms H yspenarenaa CHCTeMa aa A6pHTYC. C., 1980, c.15 en,

Au sujet de la date de l'inscription de construction en briques de "Momina banja" a Diocletianopolis

T. IVANOV

(Resume)

C'est a l'Est des murs d'enceinte de la ville de Diocletianopolis, actuellement Hisar, dans la province de Thrace, que se trouvent aujourd'hui les bains mineraux "Momina banja" qui etaient construits sur les vestiges du bain thermal romain des Ie debut du IV·s. Au COUTS de 1928, lors de la reconstruction du nouveau bain, on a remarque une inscription de construction en briques en latin, faites dans une muraille romaine. La longueur conservee de I'inscription etait de 16,30m. Elle etait plus longue - 19,50m, mais sa partie droite a ete detruite au COUTS de 1918. L'inscription est construite de briques et de tuiles. Une rangee de briques est au-dessous de l'inscription, tandis qu'au-dessus d'elle - une ceinture de quatre rangs de briques de dimensions: 0,34 x 0, l7 x 0,04 m. Le mortier contient des petits morceaux de briques et de tuiles rouges. L'inscription a ete etudiee, photographiee et datee par Iv. Velkov. II s'agit de la Tetrarchie: les deux Augustes Maximianus et Licinius et les deux Cesars Maximinus et Constantinus. Velkov rapporte l'inscription vers I'an 308. M. Apostolidou (1936) rapporte I'inscription vers

306--308. Il lit Ie texte suivant: fili/or/ os tium aed ifi catu r ... Au cours de 1937 D. Concev reMite I'inscription sans aucunes modifications, mais i1 date l'inscription au cours du gouvernement de Galerius Maximianus (305-311).

L'auteur du present article donne la lecture suivante de l'inscription (fig. I): D(ominorum) N(ostororum) (duorum) Maximiani et Licini(i) Auetustorum) (duorum) et Maximini et Constantini filior(um) [Aug(ustorum) aed] ificatum ... L'inscription confirme la composition de la Tetrarchie, Clue a la conference imperiale a Carnuntum Ie II novembre 308, lorsque Licinius a ete elu pour la premiere fois comme Auguste. Maximinus (Daia) et Constantin furent appeles "filii Augustorum". Mais, Ie I janvier 309, Constantin fut devenu-consul et emit deja Auguste. C'est pourquoi I'auteur rapporte I'edification de l'inscription de construction en briques a. "Momina banja" a la courte periode du 11 novembre au 31 decembre 308.

Il date donc les bains tennaux romains a l'interieur de la ville au temps des Antonins et des Severes qui sont dates par D. Concev dans la seconde moitie du IV·s.

29

Csxponanre OT 3JIaTHH HaKHTH

H Cpe6'bpHH TIpe~MeTH OT PaUHapH~

'~APHO ~)I(OP~)I(ETH

OT JUITOTO aa 1978 L HaY'IeH eICHn OT HHcTHTYTa no crapa HCTOPHJI IC'bM YHHBepcH'rera B rp. liOJIOHJI (J.fTaJIHJI) yqaCTBysa B C'bBMeCTHHTe 6MrapO-HTaJIHaHCICH pa3IConICH aa PHMCICHJI H paHHOBH3aHTHHCICH rpaa PauaapHJI (no C. Apsap, BH,llHHCICO). Pe.llOBHH're pa3IConICH aa ceJIHmeTO, cnen HJlICOJIICO .lleceTHJIeTHJI npeICDCBaHe, ca 6HJIH nO,llHOBeHH npes 1975 r. OT eICHn aa ApXeOJIOrHqecICHJI HHCTHTYT npa liAH H OICP'bllCHHJI HCTOPH'IecICH MY3eH - BH,llHH. C'bBMecTHaTa pafiora aa 6'bJIrapcICHTe H HTaJIHaHCKHTe apXeOJI03H Ha .repeaa, ICaICTO H 06MJlHaTa na MHeHHJI H aayxaa HHcpopMaIUlJl, e H3B'bHpe.llHO nnonorsopaa, ICoeTO ce BHlIC.lla HOT, nQCTHrHaTHTe pe3YJITaTH1•

Oc06eHO BallCHO MJlCTO cpezt HaXO,llICHTe HMa OTICPHTOTO npea 1986r. 3JIaTHO C'bICpOsaute, ICoeTO npeanara HOBH .llaHHH sa COIUlaJIHO-HICOHOMH'IecICOTO pa3BHTHe aa rpazta. To 6e aassepeno B connax B ceaepoaarosaara sacr na PaIUlapHJI, sanosaar ome npes 1985 L 2

,[(ocera B Hero 6e pa3ICpHTa MaJIICa 'IaCT OT ICDCHa CTeHa, asrpazteaa OT MaJIICH ICBa.llpaTHH ICaMeHHH 6JIOIC'IeTa, JIOMeHH ICaM'bHH, cpparMeHTH OT TyXJIH H pe'lHH ICaM'bHH C nOCOICa ceBep - ceBepoH3TOIC - lOr - rorosanan. OcHOBHTe aa CTeHaTa ca aa .ll'bJI60'lHHa 1,50 M OT ceraumoro HHBO na repeaa H ca asrpaneaa OT KaM'bHH. ,ZJ;OICOJIKOTO MOllCe na ce C'b,llH OT ceranmoro CDCTOJlHHe aa connaxa, Te3H OCHOBH nescar B'bpXy ezmo H3paBHJlBaHe aa repeaa. OT H3TO'lHaTa cTpaHa Ha CTeHaTa 6J1xa OTICpHTH JIOWO aanaseaa 'IaCTH OT CTeHH'IKa OT MaJIKH KaMeHHH 6JIOlC'leTa, 'IaCT OT TeceH .rporoap, KOHTO JIellCH aa 0,20 M HIl.ll .lle6eJI TpaM60BaH nnacr OT npDCT, npmeeceaa C .llpe6HH pesaa KaM'bHH H 'IUM. B'bnpeKH JIOWOTO HM C'bCTOJlHHe no BCH'lKO H3r JIeqa, 'Ie TOBa e 'IaCT OT nnaTHOTOHa ICDCHa sropocrenemra yJIH~a. OT sanaaaara crpana aa CTeHaTa (K'bM B'bTpeWHOCTTa aa crpanara) ce OTICpH .lle6eJI 0,70 M nnacr OT paapymeaas, B KOHTO HMawe cpparMeHTH OT TyXJIH, TerYJIH H KepaMH'IHH csnose, KaKTO H rOJIeMH 'IaCTH OT B'bTpewHHTe pa3.lleJIHTeJIHH CTeHH. fiOCJIe,llHHTe ca 6HJIH OT nner, 06Ma3aH OT .llBeTe CTpaHH C rJIHHa C npassec OT CJIaMa. CJIe,llHTe OT 06rapJlHHJI B'bpXy cTpOHTeJIHaTa ICepaMHKa, KaKTO H asneseaare 'IaCTH OT rJIHHeHaTa 3aMa3ICa aa CTeHHTe nOICa3BaT, 'Ie crpaztara e PYXHaJIa OT CHJIeH noxap. Ilozt nnacra OT paapymeaare CTeHH ce orspaxa HJlICOJIICO nnacra OT pa36'bpKaHa 06roPJIJIa npscr, 'IaCTH OT nonosara HaCTHJIICa OT xsazrparna TyxJIH. B

30

ceaepoaarrarmas 'br'bJI aa coaaaaa, aa .ll'bJI60'lHHa 1,20 M ce aassepa 'IaCT OT H3~0 ossr JIeHa .ll'bpBeHa rpezta C ICBa.llpaTHO ceseaae . (0,23 x 0,25 M). I'penara BepOJITHO npozrsnscasa B CDce.llCTBO CDC coanaxa H oes C'LMHeHHe e 'IaCT OT nOKpHBHaTa KOHCTPYKIUlJI I~a crpaaara. Ha HHBOTO, B'bpXy KOeTO JIe)f(ewe rpe.llaTa, B np'bCTTa 6J1xa pa3npDCHaTH npe.llMeTHTe OT C'bKpOBHmeTo. CHJIHOTO pa36'bpICBaHe aa nnacroaere He n03BOJIH .lla ce H3BJIeKaT noaese crpararpaocsa .llaHHH. Ha C'bmOTO MJlCTO ce OTKpHxa RJlKOJIICO MHoro .llpe6HH .ll'bpBeHH cpparMeHTa CDC CJIe,llH OT Cm06J1BaHeTO HM spes )f(JIe6, KOeTO n03BOJIJlBa C OCHOBaHHe .lla ce npennonara, 'Ie rrspsonaaanHO HaICHTHTe ca 6HJIH CJIOllCeHH B .ll'bpBeHO TOaJIeTHO caazrsse. Moae 6H KYTHHICaTa e 6HJIa cxpara non nona H OT CHJIaTa aa ynapa Ha pyxBaHeTo Ha HaH-BHcoKaTa 'IaCT Ha nOICpHBa Te ca ce pa3npDCHaJIH HaB'bH B'bpXy HaCTHJIKaTa. CLBceM .npe6HHTe 06rOpeJIH H KaJIIUlpaHH 'IaCTH OT KOCTHTe na 'IOBeWICa psxa (OT MaHTa H cpenmrre cpaJIaHrH aa npscrare) nOKa3BaT, 'Ie HJlKOH ce e ODHTaJI npa 6JIrCTBOTO CH B nOCJIe.llHHJI MOMeHT .lla oraece C'bKpOBHmeTO C KYTHiiKaTa, HO e 6HJI sarpynaa non nanaanas orrope MY nOKpHB.

HaKHTHTe 6J1xa OTKpHTH B nOCJIe,llHHJI .lleH (6. 09. 1986r.) aa pa3ICODKHTe aa cesoaa H JaTOBa Tyx npeztcraaasre casso ezmo npensapHTeJIHO C'b06meHHe aa TJlX. HaXO,llICaTa npe,llH3BHICa rOJIJlM aarepec cpen 06meCTBeHOCTTa H 3aTOBa senaara 6e opraaaaapaaa H3JIOllC6a, B KOJITO 6J1xa B~'IeHH H .llpyru HaICHTH, OTICpHTH B PaIUlapHJI, KOJITO 6e noxasaaa rrspso B OKP'b)f(HHJI' HCTOpH'IeCKH MY3eH B'bB BH,llHH, a CJIe.n TOBa B HaIUlOHaJIHHJI apxeoJIOrH'IecKH MYJeH B COCPHJI.

C'bKpOBHmeTO C'b.ll'bpllCa CJIe,llHHTe npeztMeTH:

1. Ilpscrea C nnocxa XaJIICa, eJIHnCOBH,llHO IUHT'Ie, oxepraao C DJIHT'bK lICJIe6, B KoeTO e MOHTHpaH ma.ll'bK CHH lCaM'bK. OT.llOJIY IUHT'lero e 3aTBopeHO C nnaCTHHICa C Ha3'b6eHH xpaauta. Pasreaere aa XaJIICaTa ce pa3WHpJlBaT H ca yspaceaa C HJlICOJIICO sonopaaaa pena 3JIaTHH nepna, 3JIaTO, TerJIO 8,32 r, 23 xapara (06p. 1).

2. Ilpscrea C xyxa XaJIKa, ocpopMeHa KaTO TeJIaTa aa .llBa .lleJIcpHHa C rJIaBH IC'bM IUHT'IeTO, 'IHHTO O'IH BepOJITHO ca 6HJIH HHKpyCTHpaHH CDC CT'bKJIeHa nacra: mHT'IeTO e ICYXO, Kp'brJIO, asnaneao nan XaJIKaTa, C TpH CT'bnaJIOBH,llHH OTCT'bna. B Hero e MOHTHpaHa 'IepBeHa KOHYCOBH.llHa reMa CDC 3a06JIeHa nOB'bpXHOCT.

2

3

4

5

7

6

• 06p. 1. Tnameu npscmen Nfl 1. Fig. 1. Bague d'or Nfl 1

• 06p. 2. Tnameu npscmeu Nfl 2. Fig. 2. Bague d'or Nfl 2

• 06p. 3Jlamell npscmen Nfl 2-iJemauJl. Fig. 3. Bague d'or Nfl 2 - detail

• 06p. 4. Luunen npscmen Nfl 3. Fig. 4. Bague d'or Nfl 3 .06p. 5. Lnameu npscmeu Nfl 3-iJemauJl. Fig. 5. Bague d'or Nfl 3 - detail

• 06p. 6. 3Jlamell npscmeu Nfl 4. Fig. 6. Bague d'or Nfl 4 • 06p. 7. 3Jlamlla U2Jla sa «oca, Nfl .5. Fig. 7. Epingle d'or a cheveux. Nfl 5

31

BbPXY HeSi e rpaaapaaa rnana aa MJIa.LI. Mb)l( HaJISIBO C r'scra KbCa KOCa, HaKb.LI.peHa noxpanmara. no THn npscrerrs'r HanOMHSI napaJIeJI" OT KbCHOeJIHHHCTH'IeCKaTa enoxa. 3JIaTO, TerJIO 12,18 r, 22 xpara (06p. 2, 3).

3. Jlpscrea C xyxa XaJIKa, yxpaceaa no cpenara OT ropnara crpaaa C penedmo cnnerena 3JIaTHa )l(H'IKa. mHT'IeTO e BHCOKO, KyXO, C .popMa aa 'IeTHpHJIHCTHa .LI.eTeJIHHa. B cpe.LI.aTa Ha BCSlKO JIHCTO e MOHTHpaH e.LI.HH cJIa60 H3.L1.a.LI.eH nOJIyc.pepH'IeH KaMbK OT 'IepBeHO CTbKJIO. B 06pa3YBaHoTo no cpenara KBa.LI.paTHO npocrpancrso e MOHTHpaH JIeKO H3.L1.a.LI.eH KaMbK OT 3eJIeHO CTbKJIO CbC 3a06JIena nOBbpxHOCT3. 3JIaTO, TerJIO 9,93r, 22 xapara (06p. 4, 5).

4. Ilpscrea C TbHKa XaJIKa C KpbrJIO ceseHHe. BbPXY nes e MOHTHpaHO KOHYCOBH.LI.HO KyXO IT(HT'Ie C eJIHnCOBH.LI.Ha .popMa H .LI.Ba CTbnaJIOBH.LI.HH OTCTbna H TbMHOCHHSI resra. BbPXY nex e rpasapan KPbCT C OrpaHH'IeHH C xaCTH paxrene, snacan B eJIHnCOBH.LI.HO osepraHHe. 3JIaTO, TerJIO 9,26r, 22 xapara (06p. 6).

5. I1rJIa (sa xoca) C KPbCTOBH.LI.Ha rJIaBH'Ixa. KPbCTbT e paBHOCTpaHeH, pasrenere ca KyXH H ca 3anbJIHeHH C sepseaa CTbKJIeHa nacra spes TeXHHKa "cloisonne". B cpeztara e MOHTHpaH noxycrpepasea, JIeKO H3.L1.a.LI.eH rpaHaT. 3JIaTO, TerJIO 3,72 r, 22 xapara (06p. 7).

6 . .n;BoHKa 06HQH C rJIa.LI.KO KPb)l(HJIO, KoeTO ce aarnaps C QHJIHH.LI.PH'IHO rpasnpano B KpaHIT(aTa npeurrrease. OTnpe.LI. B OCHOBaTa HM e npaxaseaa yxpaca BbB .popMa aa MHoroJIHCTHa KOHYCOBH.LI.Ha QBeTHa 'IalIIKa, C MOHTHpan B aes rropxoaa. 3a.LI. nex e npanoeaa rJIa.LI.Ka XaJIKa, na KOSITO e HaHH3aHa BHCYJIKa'ra. nOCJIe.LI.HaTa e CbCTaBeHa OT eJIHnCOBH.LI.HO JIerJIO aa KaMbK (KaMbKbT JIHnCBa) C .LI.Be XaJIKH OT .LI.bJIrHTe CTpaHH. 3a .LI.OJIHaTa e npaxaxeaa xpes XaJIKa MaCHBHa TeJI C 06JIO cexenae, aa KoeTO e HaHH3aHO BTOpO eJIHnCOBH.LI.HO JIerJIO aa KaMbK (CbIT(O JIHncBa), CJIe.LI.BaHO OT TpH QHJIHH.LI.PH'IHH npemnerrsera C rpanyrra, xpurna eCTeCTBeHa nepna, 3JIaTHO npemnease, nepna, 3JIaTHO npemnease, neprra H sam-puma C Bb3eJI'Ie, KaTO 3aBHBa B MaJIKa eJIHnCOBH.LI.Ha 6pHMKa. Ilepnnre ca .LI.OCTa Kop03HpaJIH4• 3JIaTO, TerJIO 8,53 r, 9,03 r, 22 xapara (06p. 8).

7. Fpnaaa C orsopeaa, OTBeCHO oTpSl3aHH KpaHIT(a, Y.LI.e6eJIeHa B cpenara. OT m-rpeuraara crpaaa C TO'lKH e rpasapaao HMeTO PAUL(US). 3JIaTO, TerJIO 39,77r, 22,5 xapara (06p. 9).

8. OrbpJIHQa-BepH)I(Ka, CnJIeTeHa OT 'IeTHpa )l(H'IKH. KpaHIT(aTa ca BMbKHaTH B QHJIHH.LI.pH'IHH HaKOHe'lHHQH, yxpaceaa C aanpesna )l(JIe60Be, a no xpas CbC 3pbH'IeCT urayp. 3aKOn'laJIKaTa e OT XaJIKa H xyxa, B OCHOBaTa aa KOHTO HMa no e.LI.Ha CTHJIH3HpaHa axypna nansrera, yxpaceaa B cpeztara C rpaHYJIHs. 3JIaTO, TerJIO 39,12r, 23 xapara (06p. 10).

9. OrbpJIHQa OT U-06pa3HH 6PHMKH aa BepH)I(KaTa, yxpacena CbC Ce.LI.eM KyXH e.LI.pH MbHHCTa, nOCTaBeHH CHMeTpH'IHO aa paBHH

• 06p. 8. 3J1amllu otieuu, Nfl 6. Fig. 8. Boucles d'oreilles d'or, Nfl 6

• 06p. 9. Tnamua 2pU611a c uaonuc PAUL, Nfl 7. Fig. 9. Bracelet en or avec inscription P AU L, Nfl 7

.06p. 10. Lsamua nnemena oespnuua, Nfl 8. Fig. 10. Collier tresse en or, Nfl 8

.06p. 11. Tnamua oesp nuua c KyXU Mbllucma, Nfl 9. Fig. 11. Collier en or a perles creuses, Nfl9

• 06p. 12. Cpetispnu Jlb:JICUljU, Nfl 10. Fig. 12. Cui/teres d'argent, Nfl 10

8

9

10

11

12

5 Apxcouoras. 3, 1988 r.

a

6

6

• 06p. 13 a) Aycycma Paypuxa - mun A (no Martin, matin. 10,3);6) Aycycma Paypuxa - mun B 2 (no Martin, matin. 19, 12; 6) Aycycma Paypuxa - mun C (no Martin, maiin. 25, 18), Fig. 13 a) Augusta Raurica - type A (d'apres Martin, tab!. 10, 3); 6) Augusta Raurica - type B 2 (d'apres Martin, tab!. 19, 12); 6) Augusta Raurica - type C (d'apres Martin, tab!. 25, 18)

pa3CT05lHlUi e)1;HO OT ztpyro. qeTHpH HMaT <iJopMa aa lIIeCTO"br"bJIHH npecesena npH3MH, CJIeneHH B OCHOBaTa HM, a no OTBopHTe yxpacena C nepJIOB umyp, ,D;BeTe ca c<iJepH'IHH, yxpaceaa C MepH)1;HaJIHH nJIHTKH )l(JIe60Be. lJ,eHTpaJIHOTO M"bHHCTO e C"bIUO c<iJepH'IHO, HO

34

HMa nO-CJIO)l(Ha )1;eKOpa~H5I. B cpenara My MHHaBa penerpea lIIHypOB n05lC, a )1;BeTe nOJIOBHHH ca yxpacena C peJIe<iJHH JIHCTa. Mexzty JIHCTaTa H n05lca ce 06pa3YBaT rJIa)1;KH TPH"br"bJIHH nOJIeTa. KpaHIUaTa aa Or"bPJIH~aTa 3aB"bplIIBaT C MaCHBHa KyKa H XaJIKa C )1;"bJIra nJIOCKa )1;OJIHa 'IaCT, nspxy K05lTO e npaxpenen no e)1;HH axypen )1;HCK. no Kpa51 )1;HCKOBeTe ca yxpacenn C"bC 3p"bH'IeCT opaassear, a B"bTpelIIHOCTTa HM e pasnenena aa 'IeTHpH paBHH cerxreara OT 3JIaTHa )l(H'IKa, KOHTO xpea )1;Be Kp"brJIH 6PHMKH ce cxaxar aa pasncara". no

!]

a

6

(b- .. -~

--------__./

14

• 06p. 14 a) KbOAII - Mioueepcoopdi (no Martin, matin. 44,1); 6) Caucsu (no Martin, mao». 44, 2); 6) MUAObllXOA (no Martin, matin. 44, 3); e ) PUM, ECK6UAUIla (no Martin, mati». 45). Fig. 14 a) Koln-r Miingersdorf (d'apres Martin, tabl. 44, I); 6) 'Samson (d'apres Martin, tabl. 44, 2); 6) Mildenhall ( d'apres Martin, tabl. 44, 3);?) Rome. Esquilin ( d'apres Marlin, tabl. 45)

cpopMa Te3H ,n:HCKOBe HanOMHjlT sa T, Hap . "KOJleJlO na <l>opTYHa".

3JlaTO, rerno 36,27 r, 3aKOnQaJlKa 22 xapa'ra, MbHHCTa 20,5 xapara, aepascxa 20 xapara (o6p. 11).

10. TPH QeJlH H eztaa cpparMeHTHpaHa cpefispna rrsscana, OTKpHTH aaezmo CbC 3JlaT-

35

6

.. ,

" .,._;;=

2

n AVb..OC.

• 06p. 15 a) PUM, ueuseecmno uecmouaxoocoeuue (no Martin, matin. 46, I); 6) Kpeua (no Martin, mati». 46, 2); (I) Cac6ax (no Martin, matin. 46, 3); e ) BauMaJr-Hoporjjpuoellxorjj (no Martin, maiin. 46, 4); 0) Ctomsu Xo)' (no Martin, matin. 46, 7,8). FiR. 15 a) Rome. Localite inconnue

(d'apres Martin, tahl. 46,1); 6) Crema (d'apres Martin, tabl. 46, 2); 6) Sasbach ( d'apres Martin, tabl. 46,3); c) Weimar+Nordfriedenhof t d'apres Martin, tabl. 46, 4); 0) Sutton Hoo (d'apres Martin, tahl. 46, 7, 8)

36

15

HHTe HaKHTH. ,lJ;p'b)((KaTa HMa WecTO'bIDJIHO cesenae H ce CB'bp3Ba C JI'b)((HQaTa xpea DJI'bTeH ,llHCK. Cpe6po, ,ll'bJI)((HHa 0,184-0,197 M (06p. 12).

no cTPYICTypa H CTHJI JI'b)((HQHTe ca nonofiffiI aa eK3eMDJISlpH, OTKpHTH ~ 6pHTaHcKHTe, Cpe,llHOeBpOneHcKHTe H HTaJIHHCKHTe 06JIaCTH na HMnepHSlTa, KOHTO narapar OT nepaozia IV-VI B. (06p. 13, 14, 15). nO-paHHH ca JI'b)((HQHTe, OTKpHTH B H3BecTHOTO C'bKpOBH~e OT AyrYCTa PaYPHKa (THn A H B no MapTHH)" KaKTO H Te3H OT Ksona-Mroarepcnopdi" H OT CeMC'bH9• B IipHTaHHSI TaKHBa eK3eMnJISIpH ca H3BeCTHH OT MHJI,ll'bHXOJI 10, ,lJ;op'leCT'bp 11, Tperpean JIoy12 H ce OTHaCSIT K'bM pa3JIH'IHH enOXH. JI'b)((HQHTe OT PaQHapHSI MoraT ,lla ce BKJIIO'IaT B nsere rOJIeMH THnOJIOrH'IHH rpyna, KOHTO Baptipayep oanasasa KaTO .Desana" H "Sutton Hoo" H narapa B nepaona V-VIIB.13 B HTaJIHHCKaTa 06JIaCT nO,ll06HH JI'b)((HQH ca H3BeCTHH OT enao C'bKpOBH~e, OTKPHTO aa EcKBHJIHHa B PHMI4, OT OKOJIHOCTHTe aa PHM15, OT casrara ,lJ;ecaHaI6, OT Kpessa!", KaTO HaH-MHor06pOHHH ca OT AKBHJIeSl18 H PHMHHHI9. B Cpenaa Eapona THnOJIOrH'IeCXH napaJIeJIH ce HaMHpaT B Cactiax-", B'bB BaHMapHOP,llCPPH,llXOcp21 H '1aCTH'IHO B CIOThH X022• B 6aJIKaHCKO-,llyHaBCKaTa 06JIaCT 6JIH3KH aHaJIOrHH MoraT na ce BH,llSIT B JI'b)((HQHTe OT

1 3a J>C3YJITanrre OT repeaaare H3CJIeABaHHlI H 'npoY'IBaHHlITa aa MaTepHaJIHTe OT PaUHapHII npes Te3H rOABHH BlI<. - Ratiariensia, Bologna, I, 1980, 2, 1984, 3--4, 1987.

2110 llJIaHHMeTpH'IHata xapra aa PaUHapHlI, H3pa60- rena OT M. nHJIOBa OT OHM - BRAHH, COHAalI<'LT e B KBaApaTH H. III. 60 H I. IV. 51.

3 AHaJIOrHlI aa rana OTKpHBaMe B np'LCTeH OT eKcn03HUHlITa aa IipHTaHCKHlI MY3eR B nOHAOH, BlI<. F. H. Mar s ha 11. Catalogue of the Finger Rings .. : in the British Museum. London, 1907, No 867.

4 THll'LT HanOMHlI HlIKOJIKO npsereaa OT HauHOHaJIHHlI My3eii B Heanon, KOHTO AaTHpaT OT La, np. H. e. H OT I B., BlI<. R. S il vie r o. Gli ori e le ambre del Museo Nationale di Napoli. Firenze, 1954, tav. 195 a, KaKTO H HIIKOJIKO eK3eMllJIlIpa OT II B., H3JIOlI<eHH B HaUHOHaJIHHII MY3eii B Ilanepsso.

5 T03H THn e pasnpocrpaaea B cpeAH3eMHOMopcKHlI paiioa OT Kpall aa IV B. np. H. e. TaKHBa npHMepH ca H3BecTHH OT KYPHYM: cpa, F. H. Marshall. Britisch Museum Catalogue of Jewellery (=BMCJ). London, 1911, oN!! 1959 OT IV B. np. H. e.; OT Tapaaro (OT OKOJIHOCTHTe aa POKaHOBa, MOHTeHaJH H MOTOJIa), BlI<. Ori e Argenti dell'Italia antica. Cat. Mostra. Torino, 1961, oN!! 301 OT IVB. np. H. e.; OT CaHTa Ey4JeMHa, BlI<. BMCJ, oN!! 2118 OT III B. np. a.e.; OT TecaJIHlI, BlI< P. Amandry. Collection H. Stathatos. Bijoux antiques. Strasbourg, 1953, tab. XLII OT III B. np. H. e. ):(PYfH npHMepH npoH3x0lI<A3T OT PHMCKH Eraner, BlI<. BMCJ, oN!! 2735; B. Pfeiler. Romischer Goldschmuck des ersten und zweiten Jahrhunders n. Chr. nach datierten Funden. Mainz, 1970, Taf. 12 OT I-liB., KaKTO H OT 110MneR, 1IlI<. G. Be C a tt i. Le oreficerie antiche. Roma, 1955, tav. CXLVII OT lB. K'LM Te3H npassepa MoraT na ce A06aBlIT H npyra, KOHTq_ ca npOH3BeAeHHlI aa CKHTCKOTO H3KYCTBO OT V-IV B. np. H. e., npOH3xOlI<AaIIlH OT Ky6aH, BlK. G. Be cat t i. Le oreficerie XCV, KaICTO H HlIKOH, npeACTaBeHH B KOJIeKUHHre aa IipHTaH~lI MY3eii, B)I(. D. Strong, D. Br owuRoman Crafts. London, 1976, c. 56 CJI., 06p. 60, 62, 65, OT I-III B. HOT qHKaro, BlI<. L. Berge, K. Alexander. Ancient Gold Work and Jewellery from Chicago Collections. - The Ancient World, XI, 1985, 1-2, 3-32; M. S. Ruxer,

Ca,llOBeQ23 H OT KOCTOJIaQ (aHT. BHMHHaQHSI)24. Or T03H npernen ce BH)((,lla, 'Ie aaxonsara 01:... PaQHapHH 6H TpH6BaJIO na ce oraece K'bM rpynara .Desana" aa IiHp6payep, KOHTO TOH npennara KaTO terminus ante quem OKOJIO cpeztara )ia V B. Or TOBa apesre ca H HaKHTHTe, KOHTO no BCH'IKO asrnesna npaaanJIe)((aT aa ceMeHHo C'bKpOBH~e, C'b6HpaHO OT HHKOJIKO nOKOJIeHHH. OT.lleJIHHTe HaKHTH OT Hero ca xapaKTepHH 3a K'bCHOPHMCKOTO npoBHHQHaJIHO IOBeJIHpCTBO, HMaT BHcOKa 3JIaTHa npofia, HO ca OT craaaaprea THn. Te3H yxpaureHHH H THXHOTO pa3npOCTpaHeHHe ce OTHaCHT K'bM nepaona OT xpas aa III B. H cpeztara aa VB.

OTKpHBaHeTO na C'bKpOBH~eTO, OT enaa crpasa, noraspxztaaa H pa3WHpHBa anaseHHeTO aa OQeHKaTa aa npHCK sa PaQHapHH OT VB. KaTO 60raT H MHOrOJIIO.lleH rpan- s, OT .llpyra, n03BOJISIBa na ce npezmoxa xanoreaara, 'Ie )((HJIH~eTO, B KoeTO e aasrepeao, e 6HJIO orpafieao H onoxapeno no apesre, na rOJISIMOTO XYHCKO nananeaae npes 442 -443r.

Ilpozrsnxasaaero aa apXeOJIOrH'IecKoTo npoyasaae na 06eKTa, K'b.lleTO 6e HaMepeHo C'bKpOBH~eTo, ute n03BOJIH .lla ce nposepar Te3H npenaaparenaa CBe.lleHHH H na ce aane noTO'lHa HCTOpH'IecKa OQeHKa aa cpaKTHTe26.

J. K u b c z a k. Naszyjnik Grecki w Okresach Hellenistycznym i Rzimskim. Warszawa-Poznan, 1972, p.236, pI. VIII, N.! 3. Bnaronaps aa KOJIeraTa M. 1i0JIHHH, KOIlTO MH C'L06IIlH, 'Ie B 1C0JIeICUHlITa OT HaKHTH, H3JIO)l(eHH B HCTOPH'IecKHII MY3eii 'B'LB BHeHa, e BHAlIJIa 3JIaTHa nnereaa Or'LPJIHua C'LC 3aKOn'laJIKa OT UHJlHHAPH'IHH eJIeMeHTH C'LBCeM' nOA06Ha aa Ta3H OT Pauaapas, onpeneneaa B aannaca KaTO "repMaHCKO npOH3BOACTBO OT IV B."

.. 6 H B T03H cJIyqaii He ce OTKpHBaT HHKalCBH aHaJIOrHH 6HJ10 OT cpeAB3eMHoMopcICaTa, 6HJ1o OT nyaascsara 06JIaCT. 110 T03H ssnpoc BlI<. HIIKOH HaxOAICH OT Enesrepec, AB. KaBaJIa, P. Amandry. Op. cit., pl. XXX OT Ill-la. np. H. e., OT Cy l1HA3cHY, AH. Cacapa, BlI<. B. Pfeiler. Op. cit., Taf. 13 OT I1IB. np.H.e., OT C'LKPOBHIUeTO OT HHKOJIaeBO, BlI<. B. ell H JI 0 B. PHMCICOTO Cl>lCpoBHIUe OT HHKOJIaeBo. - HIiA):(, IV, 1914, Ta6JI. VI, 4. 3a 3aKOn'laJIKaTa C cpHJIHrpaHHH AHCKOBe ce cpemar MHor06poRHH napanena B'LB BH3aHTHRcKHlI CBlIT MelI<AY V H VI B. BlI<. W. & E. R u dol p h. Ancient Jewellery from the Collection B. Y. Berry. Bloomington, 1973, No 111.

7 Der Spatromische Silbersehatz von Kaiseraugst (Basler Beitrage sur Ur-Friihgeschichte, Band 9, Herausg. von der Stiftung Pro Augusta Raurica), Habegger Verlag, Derendingen, 1984, Textband 55-96 (M. Mar ti n. Besteck und Gerate), Abb. 48, Tafelband 13--17, 23-26.

8 F. Fremersdorf. Neue Inschriften aus Koln. - Germania, XI, 1927, p. 64, fig. 9; V. Milojcic. Zu den spatkaiserzeitlichen u. merowingischen Silberloffen, - Bericht Romische Germanische Kommission, 49, 1968, 111-148, fig. 1-10, Taf. 18-21; M. Martin. Op. cit., I. p. 67, No 8.

9 V. Milojcic. Op. cit., p. 14{sq.; H. W. Bohme. - In: Jahrbuch Romische Germanische Zentralmuseums Mainz, 17, 1970, p. 174 sq.

10K. S. P a i n t e r. The Mildenhall Treasure. Roman Silver from East Anglia. London, 1977, fig. 11, tab. 36; J. P. C. Kent, K. S. Painter. Wealth of the Roman World. Gold and Silver A. D. 300-700. London, 1977,N.! 72-79 OT IV B.

11 O. M. Dalton. Roman Spoons from Dorchester. - Antiquaries Journal, 1922, 89-92; K. S. Painter. A Roman Silver Treasure from Canterbury. - Journal of

37

British Archaeological Association, 28, 1965, 1-15, tab. 4 a, 6; Kent, Painter. Op. cit., No 109-113 OT IVB.

12 A. O. Curle. The Treasure of Traprain. A Scottish Hoard of Roman Silver. Plates. Glasgow, 1923, p.97, fig. 41.

13 V. Bi e r b r au e r. Die ostgotischen Grab- und Schatzfunde in Italien. - Biblioteca di Studi Medievali, 7, 1975, p.180sq.

14 O. M. Dalton. Catalogue of Early Christian Antiquities ... of the Britisch Museum. London, 1901, No 325; V. Bierbrauer. Op. cit., p. 183 sq.

15 G. B. de Rossi. - In: Bullettino di Archeologia Cristiana, s. I, 6, 1868, p.79sq., tav. 2--4. .

16 V. Bierbrauer. Op, cit., p. 181, 272.

11 De Rossi. Op, cit., s, III, 3, 1878, p. 119 sq., tav. 8; V. Bierbrauer. Op. cit., p. 183sq., 248, 251.

18 G. Cuscito. Arti, mestieri e vita quotidiana. - In: Da Aquileia a Venezia, Collana Antica Madre, 3. Milano, 1986, p.614 sq., fig. 552. Morar na ce CnOMeHaT C'Lll(O H Il'bPICOBHHTe ligulae aa Eusebii OT CaH KaHIlHaHo .ll'lhoHIlO, BlIC. A. M. Cortenovis. Sopra un'iscrizione greca d'Aquileia. - In: Dissertazione ... con i disegni di alcune altre Antichita, Bassano, 1790, p, VI sq.; G. C usc ito. Linee di diffusione del cristianesimo nel territoria di Aquileia. - In: Antichita Altoadriatiche, XV, 1979,

620-621, No 51, fig. 3.

19 M. G. M a i 0 I i. Per la conoscenza del periodo dal tardo antico all'alto medioevo in Romagna. Nuovi dati di scavo. - In: Culture figurative e' Materiali tra Emilia e Marche (= Studi in memoria di M. Zuffa), II, Rimini, 1984, 473--475, fig. 4, 2, No 52-59. "

20 V. Mi l ojc i e. Op. cit., p. I 44,'·6g. 8; V.Bi e.rb r a ue r. Op. cit., p. 182, 250; F. Garscha. Die Alemannen in Siidbaden, Katalog der Grabfunde, - Germanische Denkmiiler der Volkerwand, s. A, XI, 1970, p. 247, Taf. 114, I I.

21 V. Mi l oj e i c. Op. cit., p. 145, fig. 7,9; V.Bierbra u e r. Op. cit., p. 189, 249.

22 V. Mi l oj e i e. Op. cit., p. 14, fig. 8; V.Bierbrauer .. Op. cit., p. 183, 185, 187,250; Kent, Painter. Op. cit., No 239--240 OT VI B.

23 V. Bierb a uer. Op. cit., p. 250.

24 M. T'a t ic-Dj ur ic, La vaisselle en argent de Kosolac-Viminacium. - Zbornik Narodnog Muzeja u 8eograda, 5, 1967,239--246, fig. 4--6; M. Martin. Op. cit., Tafelband 25, 2 .

25 Prisc. Fr. 3, fro 8 (FHG, IV, p. 73, 93).

26 CTaTHliTa e npeseneaa OT HTaJIHaHCICH aa 6'bJ1rapCICH OT H. c. M. Pexo-6YM6aJIOBa, penaerapaaa H nparorseaa ~ nesar OT CT. H. C. B. Haii,AeHoBa.

Tresor de parures d'or et d'objets d'argent

D. GIORGETTI

(Resume)

Au cours de 1986, lors des fouilles dans la ville romaine de Ratiaria a ete decouvert un tresor d'or de parures, II a ete trouve au commencement d'un sondage dans la partie nordest de la ville. Plus tard, il s'est avere que c'est un local d'une grande maison privee, propriete d'une riche et notable famille dans la ville. La maison a ete detruite lors des invasions des Huns au milieu du yes. Apres cette date les ruines n'ont pas ete touchees par d'autres constructions et de travaux de champ.

LOTS du decelement du tresor ont ete decouverts des restes d'une boite en bois. Selon toute probabilite, les parures etaient placees dans cette boite en bois et, tentant de les emporter de la maison en flammes, elles sont restees

sous Ie toit ecroule, Le tresor contient les objets suivants: bague a anneau plat, bague a anneau creux, bague a anneau massif, bague a anneau mince a section arrondie, epingle a cheveux avec tete en forme de croix, paire de boucles d'oreilles de forme ronde, bracelet dont les bouts sont verticalement ouverts, collier-chainette, collier de mailles en forme de chainette, trois cuilleres d'argent entieres et une fragmentaire. Ces cuilleres sont datees resolument dans la periode Ive_Vle g.

Les differentes parures sont caracteristiques de l'orfevrerie de la basse epoque romaine et sont d'un titre d'or eleve, Leur production et propagation se rapportent vers la fin du IIIe et au cours du IV.s.

CTapoxpHCTH~HCKHTe 6a3HnHKH (IV-VI B.) xpaa C. KapaHOBO, Bypracxa 06naCT

60PMC A. 60PMCOB

ITpe3 1976r. B'bB Bp'b3ICa C H3rpa)l(,l{aHeTO aa ICaHaJI OT nanoarenaara CHCTeMa "Cpe~a TYJIWICa" sanosaaxa cnacarenaa pa3ICOnKH aa aHTH'IHO cename, ceBePHO OT c. Kapaaoso. To e paanonoxeao B IO)J(HHTe CICnOHOBe na Cpenaa ropa H OTCTOH casro aa 1 ICM OT

38

CBeTOBHoH3BecTHaTa KapaHOBCICa cenam-

aa MorHna.

CDC CBOHTe naMeTHH~ cemnnero npHBnJIICno BHHMaHHeTO aa apxeonosare orne B xpas aa MHHaJIHSI BeIC. ITo TOBa apesre B paaoaa My 6Hn aasrepea ronSiM aannac na craporpsnxa e3HIC,

1

• 06p. 1. ·Ea3UJlUKU 1. 2 U 3. Fig. 1. Basiliques 1. 2 et 3

ny6JIHKYBaH aa npsn rrsr OT B. ):(06pyCKHl. ITO-KbCHO Cbrn:mlT Ha,UnHC aaxrapa MSiCTO B npOY'lBaHHSlTa aa orne penaua H3CJIe,UBa'lH2• OT paiioaa na CeJIHrn:eTO npOH3XO)l(,UaT H ,UBe rOJIeMH KOJIeKTHBHH HaXO,UKH OT Me,UHH H 6POH30BH MOHeTH OT nepaona III-IV B. 3 KbM CJIY'laHHO OTKpHTHTe B CeJIHrn:eTO naMeTHHlJ,H TpSl6Ba zta ce crroxreaar H rOJISIM 6pOH 06pO'lHH nJIO'lKH, cpezt KOHTO npe06JIa,UaBaT Te3H na TpaKHHCKHSI KOHHHK, a ce .cpeuiar H TaKHBa na 3eBC H Xepa, ACKJIenHH, XHrHSI H Tenecdiop, TpHTe HHMH H rtp. Ha 06pO'lHHTe naMeTHHlJ,H ca nOCBeTeHH penaua H3CJIe,UBaHHSl4.

OKOJIO CeJIHrn:eTO e pa3nOJIO)l(eH rOJISIM HeKpOnOJI, CbCTOSlrn: ce OT 26 Ha,Urp06HH MOrHJIH. B nOCJIe)J.HHTe rO,UHHH HSiKOH OT TSiX 6S1xa npoyseaa spes cnaCHTeJIHH pasxonxa, see BbB Bpb3Ka c asrpaxnaaero na HanOHTeJIHaTa CHCTeMa "Cpe,UHa TYH,U)I(a"5.

B pe3YJITaT aa 6JIH30 lO-ro,UHlIIHa pafiora Ha TepeHa 6S1xa npoy'leHH pa3JIH'IHH ceKTopH OT CeJIHrn:eTO H YCTaHOBeHH '1eTHpH CTPOHTeJIHH rrepaozta. ITbPBHSlT ofixsaura BpeMeTO OT Ha'laJIOTO na I ,UO cpenara na III B., BTOPHSIT - OT BTopaTa nOJIOBHHa Ha III ,UO KpaSi Ha rperara '1eTBbpT na IV B., TpeTHSIT - OT xpas aa IV HJIH caMOTO Ha'laJIO na VB. ,UO xpaa na rrspsara My nOJIOBHHa. qeTBbpTHSIT CTpOHTenea nepaozt sanosaa B Ha'laJIOTO aa VI B., CJIe,U 6JIH30 50-rO,UHlIIHO npexscaaae na )l(HBOTa B CeJIHrn:eTO, OT KOHTO nepnon He ca OTKpHTH HHKaKBH MaTepHaJIH, H npO,UbJI)I(aBa ,UO xpaa aa Cbrn:HSI HJIH Ha'laJIOTO na CJIe,UBarn:HSI VII B.6

):(ocera e npoysena '1aCTH'IHO rOJISIMa 06rn:eCTsena crpazra OT rrspsa cTpOHTeJIeH nepaozr, '1aCT OT ceaepnara xpenocrna CTeHa - OT BTOpH nepnon, penaua )l(HJIHrn:HH nOMern:eHHSI, ,UOJIeneHH na rpyra KbM IO)I(HOTO it: JIHlJ,e - OT TpeTH nepaozt H np. TYK 06HapO,UBaMe TpHTe lJ,SlJIOCTHO npoy'leHH paHHoxpHCTHSlHCKH 6a3HJIHKH (06p. 1).

Ea3HJIHKa 1 (06p. 2) npe,UCTaBJISIBa MaJIKa, nO'lTH KBa'upaTHa, TpHKopa6Ha nocTpoHKa C BbTpelIIHa ,UbJI)I(HHa 10,05 M H lIIHpHHa 9,60 M. CTeHHTe C lIIHp. 0,60 M ca rpanena OT JIOMeHH KaMbHH, cnoenn C )l(bJITeHHKaBa KaJI, KaTO npa CTpOHTeJICTBOTO ca H3nOJI3YBaHH rOJISIM 6pOH CnOJIHH. ITo T03H Ha'lHH ,UbJI)I(HHaTa aa 6a3HJIHKaTa 6e3 ancanara ,UOCTHra 11,25 M, a lIIHpHHaTa 10,80 M (06p. 5). CboTHolIIeHHeTo na m.rpeumara ,UbJI)I(HHa KbM BbTpelIIHaTa lIIHpHHa e 1,05: 1, KoeTO nOKa3Ba, 'Ie crpaztara ce OTHacSi KbM 6a3HJIHKHTe CbC cxtcea aaoc 7•

BbHlIIHHTe CTeHH na 6a3HJIHKa 1 ca YH,UHpamr na ,UbJI60'lHHa OT 0,80 ,UO 1 M, a CTHJI06aTHTe ,UO I,20M (06p. 3 H 4).

Ea3HJIHKa 1 e 6e3 npHTBop. B HeSi ce e BJIH3aJIO npes ,UBa axozta. ITbpBHSlT e pasnoJIO)l(eH no cpeztara na aanannara it: aca,Ua H e lIIHpOK 2 M. TOH e JIaHKHpaH OT ,UBa 3H,Ua C lIIHp. 0,60 M, KOHTO BJIH3aT B J:J;eHTpaJIHHSI xopaf na ,UbJI)I(. 1,80 M. ITo T03H Ha'lHH npen sxona ce e nOJIY'lHJIO nOKpHTO OTBopeHO ornpen npOCTpaHCTBO. ITO,U06HO orpopsrxae aa Bxo,Ua Ha 6a3HJIHKa OT ,UOCTbnHaTa HH JIHTeparypa He HH e H3BeCTHO, HO no Cbrn:HSI Ha'lHH e oopMeH axona na cera ,UeHCTBYBarn:aTa lJ,bPKsa B 6JIH3KOTO C. ACeHOBelJ,.

39

o

2

4

3

5

• 06p. 2. IlAaH ua tiasunutcu 1.2 U 3 -M= 1:100. Fig. 2. Plan des basiliques 1. 2 et 3 - M = 1: 100

BTOpmlT BXO~ e pa3n0J10)f(eH aa JO)f(HaTa CTeHa H HMa urap, 1,40 M. TPH e o<popMeH csmo OT ztsa 3H~a, KOHTO ofiaxe ca HaCO'leHH HaB'bH H HMaT ~'bJ1)f(. 1,30 M. Han TSiX no BCSlKa

BepOSITHOCT e 6HJ1a npeXB'bpJ1eHa apKa, KaTO npen sxcna ce e O<pOPMHJ1 MaJ1'bK noprnx. no no~06eH Ha'lHH ca H3rpa~eHH BXO~OBeTe Ha ztse 6a3HJ1HKH, OTKpHTH KpaH c. KP'bH, Crapoaaropcxa 06mHHa, rrspsara OT KOHTO e narapaaa B xpas na IV H HaQaJ10TO na VB. 8, a

40

2

nO)lOBO HHBO Ha 6a3HJlKa 1

2

3

4

3

o

4

4

o

4

6

8

5

• 06p. 3. Hanpeueu pmpe3 ua tiasusuxu I, 2 U 3. Fig. 3. Section transversale des basiliques l , 2 et 3

• 06p. 4. HaiJAb:JICeH paspes ua tiasunuxu l , 2 U 3. Fig. 4. Section longitudinale des basiliques l , 2 et 3

• 06p. 5. IlAaH ua oasunuxa /- M=/:200. Fig. 5. Plan de la basilique / - M= /:200

sropara - HaH-06I1.(o B nepaona IV-VI B.9 no CbIl.(HSI HatfHH e o<popMeH BXO,lJ;bT OT aTpHYMa KbM naprexca aa KynOJIHaTa 6a3HJIHxa "CBeTa CO<pHSI" B KOHcTaHTHHOnOJI10.

HaOCbT aa 6a3HJIHKa 1 e paaaenen aa TpH xopafia OT zraa nenpextcaara CTHJIo6aTa, IlIHpHHaTa na KOHTO He MO)l(e zta ce H3MepH nopazra 06CTOSlTeJICTBOTO, 'Ie re ca 3aCTbneHH

6 Apxeonorns. 3, 1988 r.

OT CTHJIo6aTHTe na nO-KbCHHTe 6a3HJIHKH 2 H 3. lJ,eHTpaJIHHSlT xopaf e C ,lJ;bJI)I(. 10,05 M H ump. 5,30 M, ,lJ;OKaTO CTpaHHtfHHTe ca CbC csutara ,lJ;bJI)I(HHa, HO IlIHpHHaTa HM e caxro 1,55 M. no T03H aa-raa CbOTHOIlleHHeTO Me)l(,lJ;Y TSIX e

3,42:1. '

Ha H3TOK IJ,eHTpaJIHHSlT xopaf aanspnma C ancana, KOSITO HMa cJIa60 nspaaeaa nO,lJ;KOBO- 06pa3Ha <popMa H ,lJ;bJI6. 2,30 M. 3a Cb)l(aJIeHHe nO,lJ;06HO na CTHJIo6aTHTe H TSI e aacrsrreaa OT anCH,lJ;HTe Ha nO-KbCHHTe 6a3HJIHKH, nOpa,lJ;H KoeTO 'rosaara if nrapoxaaa He MO)l(e rta ce YCTaHOBH, HO npa BCHtfKH CJIYtfaH, TSI He e 6HJIa nO-MaJIKa OT 0,60 M, KOJIKOTO ca IlIHpOKH H CTpaHHtfHHTe 3H,lJ;OBe. B T03'H CMHCbJI BbHIllHara ,lJ;bJI)I(HHa aa 6a3HJIHKa 1 3ae,lJ;HO C ancanara e 6HJIa He nO-MaJIKO OT 14,75 M. nO,lJ;KOBOo6pa3HHTe anCH,lJ;H ce cpeutar 3HatfHTeJIHO noPSl,lJ;KO OT nOJIYKpbfJIHTe npe3 nepHO,lJ;a IV-VI B. C 'raxasa <popMa ca anCH,lJ;HTe ua 6a3HJIHKH 4 a B Xacap!", Qo6aH,lJ;epe, Fanara H Te3H OT KlOCTeH,lJ;HJI 12 .

3a nona aa 6a3HJIHKa 1 He pasrro.naraxre C HHKaKBH apXeOJIOrHtfeCKH ,lJ;aHHH, TbH KaTO npea Cpe,lJ;HOBeKOBHeTO B paiiona na 6a3HJIHKHre 6HJI pa3nOJIO)l(eH rOJISlM Cpe,lJ;HOBeKOBeH HeKpOnOJI, tfHHTO rpotian SlMH ca pa3pYIlIHJIH H3IJ,SlJIO HJIH tfaCTHtfHO nO,lJ;OBeTe H Ha TpHTe 6a3HJIHKHI3.

Iloxra KBa,lJ;paTHHSlT nJIaH na 6a3HJIHKaTa, TbHKHTe BbHIlIHH CTeHH, nsrpaneaa OT JIOMeHH KaMbHH, cnoeaa C KaJI, rOJISlMaTa IlIHpHHa na IJ,eHTpaJIHHSI xopaf II JIHnCaTa aa nHJIaCTpH nOKa3Ba, sre 6a3HJIHKa 1 e HMaJIa zrspsen nOKpHBI4.

Crparnrpadicxoro nOJIO)l(eHHt; na 6a3HJIHKa 1, asrpaneaa BbPXY PYHHHTe na rOJISlMa xpt.r JIa, sacera xacrasuo npoyseaa crpazta OT rrspaa CTpOHTeJIeH nepaon, H apxeonorasec-

41

sara cpena nOKa3BaT, 'Ie TSI ce OTHacSI K'bM BTOpH CTpOHTeJIeH nepaon. K'bM TOBa spexre HaCOlJBa H JIHnCaTa aa npHTBOp. .ll:ocera OT Ii'bJIrapHSI ca H3BeCTHH ,nBe 6a3HJIHKH 6e3 npHTBOp. Ih.paara OT TSIX e 6a3HJIHKa 4 a B Xncap, ,naTHpaHa B IV B. 15, a aropara-c- 6a3HJIHKaTa B'bB BHCOKOnJIaHHHCKaTa TpaKHHCKa KpenOCT nan C. Manxo qOlJOBeHe, CJIHBeHCKa o6~Ha, OT BTopaTa lJeTB'bpT Ha C'b~SI BeKI6. Bes naprexc e H enna 6a3HJIHKa B OKOJIHOCTHTe na CTo6H B cscenaa IOrocJIaBHSlI7•

B'b3 OCHOBa na apxHTeKTypHHSI THn, ~pxeoJIOrHlJeCKaTa cpe,na H npHBe,neHHTe aHaJIOrHH H3rpa~,naHeTo Ha 6a3HJIHKa 1 TpSl6Ba ,na ce ornece K'bM sropara xeraspr na IV B., ,nOKaTO paapyurasanero it: Mo~e na ce cnspxe C xpas aa BTOPHSI CTpOHTeJIeH nepaozt, xoraro CeJIHutero CTaBa ~epTBa aa rOJIeMHTe rOTCKH 6YHTOBe npes 377-378 r.

nO-K'bCHO B'bpXy pYHHHTe na 6a3HJIHKa 1 6HJIa asrpaztena 6a3HJIHKa 2 (o6p. 6), KOSITO liMa rpanenoaaztea nJIaH. br'bJI'bT Me~,ny cesepaara H aanaztaara CTeHa e 88,5°, a T03H Me~,ny IO~HaTa H aanazmara - 87". 113BecTHH ca pezmua 6a3HJIHKH, npa KOHTO e,nHH OT 'brJIHTe Me~,ny sanaztnara H erma OT zrsnrare CTeHH He zrocrara 90°. Taxa aanpasrep OCT'bP 'br'bJI Me~,ny sanaztaara H IO~HaTa CTeHa HMa 6a3HJIHKa 1 B'bB B'bHllIHOTO YKpenJIeHHe aa aYJIa na XaH OMYPTar, npa rapa Llap KpYM, lIIYMeHcKa o6rn;HHaI8, H 6a3HJIHKaTa 8 "rpa,nHrn;eTO" xpaa I'afipoeo!". OCT'bP 'br'bJI Me~,ny nOCOlJeHHTe CTeHH HMaT H 6a3HJIHKHTe B .ll:OJIbaHH, Ilapasaarpan, H erracxoncxara 6a- 3HJIHKa B .ll:YKJIba B IOrOCJIaBHSl2 9, 6a3HJIHKHTe B OJIyc H JIe6eHa na OCTPOB KpHT21. OCT'bP br'bJI Me~,ny cesepaara H aanazmara CTeHa HMa 6a3HJIHKa Ii aa "KaJIeTO" rto Bepxosaua-".

lia3HJIHKa 2 npencraansna rpaxopafina, eztaoancaznra uspxaa, KOSITO aa sanan aaasptuaa C ezmonenen nparaop., CTeHHTe it: ca rpanena OT JIOMeHH KaM'bHH, cnoena C xopocan, 06HJIHO npasrecen C K'bClJeTa lJYKaHH TYXJIH, a <pyrHTe ca cTapaTeJIHO o6Ma3aHH. H3TOlJHaTa it: <paca,na, saeztao C ancaztara cr'srtsa H3USlJIO m-pxy Ta3H ua 6a3HJIHKa 1 (o6p. 2). lia3HJIHKa 2 HMa B'bTpellIHa ,n'bJI~. 15,20 M H urapana npn sanazmara CTeHa 13,80 M, a npa H3TOlJHaTa - 12,60 M. lIIHpHaara na 3H,nOBeTe e 0,85 M. no T03H HalJHH B'bHllIHHTe pa3MepH Ha 6a3HJIHKaTa ,nOCTHraT C'bOTBeTHO: 16,90 x 15,50 x 14,30M. CTeHHTeca <pYH,nHpaHH na pa3JIHlJHa ,n'bJI60lJHHa. Ilopazm ,neHHBeJIaUHSlTa Ha TepeHa ceBepHaTa CTeHa e aa ,n'bJI6. 1,35 M OTB'bH, a OTB'bTpe JIe~H nOlJTH aa HHBOTO na nozta. IO~HaTa CTeHa aacrsnsa OTlJaCTH llIHPOKHSI 1,10 M 3H,n na no-pannara crpazta OT rrspsa cTpOHTeJIeH nepaon, KaTO H3B'bH Hero <PYH,naMeHT'bT it: ,nOCTHra eztaa 0,80 M (o6p. 3). C'brn;OTO ce Ha6JIIO,naBa H npa sananaara H H3TOlJHaTa CTeHa na 6a3HJIHKaTa. Taxa rrspsara ce pasxpaaa na ,n'bJI6. 1 M, a BTopaTa CT'bnBa H3USlJIO B'bpXy 3H,na Ha

42

o

2

4

8

6

6

7

8

4

6

o

2

8

• 06p. 6. J1AaH ua tiasusuxa 2 - M = I :200. Fig. 6. Plan de la basilique 2 - M= 1:200

• 06p. 7. Hapmexca Ita 6a3uAuKa 2 c uacm om 3uoa Ita anmuuuama Kpbi'Aa cepaoa. Fig. 7. Le narthex de fa basilique 2 avec une partie du mur de l'edifice rond antique

• 06p. 8. Il nau Ita tiarunuxa 3 - M= 1:200. Fig. 8. Plan de fa basilique 3 - M= 1:200

cnosreaarara no-panna xpurna crpazta (06p. 4).

Haprexcsr na 6a3HJIHKa 2 (06p. 7) e Hepa3'1JIeHeH. OT aanan HMa ,nbJ1)KHHa 13,80 M, a OT H3TOK _ 13,55 M, H lIIHpHHa 3,10 M. B Hero ce BJIH3aJIO npes zma CHMeTpH'IHO pasnoJIO)l(eHH B sananaara CTeHa sxona C lIIHp. 1,25 M. 3a paHHoXpHCTHjlHCKHTe 6a3HJIHKH OT 6bJIrapCKHTe 3eMH e xapaxrepea Han-Be'le ueHTpaJIHHjlT BXO,n H He e CJIY'IaeH <paKTbT, 'Ie OT nocera npOY'IeHHTe. 6a3l1JIHKH caxro Ta3H OT rOJIjlMO lieJIOBO e C ztsa CHMeTpH'IHH, CTpaHH'IHH sxozta-". nOCJIe,nHHTe ca xapaxrepaa Hannese aa 6a3HJIHKHTe B I'upnas, Kb,neTo rrsx JIHnCBa 06HKHOBeHo uearpananar BXO,n24.

Bpsasara Me)l(,ny aaprexca H naoca aa 6a3HJIHKaTa ce e ocsntecrnasana nocpeztcrsoxr TpH sxona . _ no e,nHH sa BceKH xopafi, Bxonosere KbM CTpaHH'IHHTe xopafia ca lIIHpOKH no 1,50 M, a KbM ueHTpaJIHHjI _ 2 M •. B 6a3HJIHKHTe OT 6bJIrapCKlITe 3eMH Bpb3KaTa Me)l(,ny aaprexca H naoca ce ocsurecrasna 06HKHoBeHo '1pe3 e,nHH ueHTpaJIeH BXO,n, npH .Hepa3'1JIeHeHHTe nparsopn H C no TpH npa pa3'1JIeHeHHTe2 5 . B rbpUlljl H KOHCTaHTIIHOnOJI Han-'1eCTO ce cpemar TpH sxozta _ no e,nHH sa BceKH Kopa626, KaKbBTO e CJIY'IajlT npa 6a3HJIlIKa 2 OT KapaHoBo.

Haocnoro npocrpaacrso HMa BbTpelIIHa

,nbJI)I(. 12M H urap, rrpa aaprexca I3,50M, a npa 1I3TO'lHaTa <paca,nHa CTeHa :-- 12,70 M, OTKb,neTO CJIe,nBa, 'Ie CbOTHOlIIeHlIeTO Me)l()J;Y nsara paasrepa e 1:1,09. CJIe,noBaTeJIHO H 6a3HJIlIKa 2 ce OTHaCjI KbM rpynara aa 6a3HJIHKlITe CDC CKDCeH aaoc, rrpa KonTO CbOTHOlIIeHHeTO ce ,nBII)I(H B paMKHTe aa I: 1 27. HaOCbT e pa3,neJIeH Ha Tpll Kopa6a OT ,nBa CTIIJI06aTa, rpazteaa no aHaJIOrH'IeH na CTeHIITe Ha'lHH. Illapaaara HM e 0,70M. B aanazmas Kpan aa CTlIJI06aTlITe ca O<popMeHH BXO,nOBe' C lIIHp. 0,70 M. Ceaepaasr xopaf e lIIHpOK 2,50 M, ueHTpaJIHHjlT _ 5,80, a IO)I(HHXT _ 3,70 M npa naprexca H 3 M OT H3TOK. OTTYK CbOTHOlIIeHHeTO Me)l(,ny .rax e 1 :2, 34: 1,75. Ha H3TOK ueHTpaJIHIIXT xopaf saaspuraa C rOJIXMa ancana, KOXTO noaraps cJIa60 H3pa3eHaTa noztsosoofipaana <popMa na 6a3HJIlIKa 1. ,[(bJI- 60'lHH~Ta it: e 3,IOM, a panaycsr _ 2,35M. TO'lHaTa it: ,ne6eJIHHa He MO)l(e ,na ce YCTaHOBH, Tbn KaTO BbPXY Hex e CTbnllJIa anCH,naTa Ha 6a3HJIHKa 3, HO TX ensa JIH e 6HJIa nO-MaJIKa OT 0,85 M, C KoeTO ofintara ,nbJI)I(IIHa aa 6a3HJIHKa

2 ,nOCTHra 20,80 M. .

3a nona H noxpasa aa 6a3HJIHKaTa He paanonaraxre CDC carypnn ,naHHH, HO KOHCTPYKTHBHHTe oc06eHOCTH Ha UbpKBaTa nOKa3- BaT, 'Ie no scsxa BepOXTHOCT H HI e 6l1JIa nOKpHTa C ,nbpBeH nOKpHB.

ApXHTeKTypHlIjiT THn H apXeOJIOrH'IeCKaTa cpena na 6a3HJIHKa 2 nOKa3BaT, 'Ie TjI ce oruacs KbM TpeTH cTpOHTeJIeH nepaon _, rrspnara nOJIOBHHa aa V B. no BCRKa BepOjiTHOCT uspxaara e 6HJIa aarpazteaa orne B Ha'laJIOTO na sexa H e npocsmecraysana zto XYHCKHTe HalIIeCTBHX, KOHTO CJIaraT Kpan aa TpeTHjI nepaon aa CeJIHmeTO.

Flpes '1eTBbpTHjI CTpOHTeJIeH nepaon BbPXY PYHHHTe aa 6a3l1JIlIKa 2 e 6HJIa H3,nHrHaTa HOBa _ 6a3HJIHKa 328 (06p. 8). B 06mH JIHHHII TR nOBTapR nnaaa aa 6a3HJIHKa 2. Cesepaara, sanaztaara H IO)I(HaTa it: CTeHa ca H3UXJIO aancrpoena BbPXY Te3H aa no-paaaara trspxsa. Te ca rpa,neHH no aHaJIOrH'IeH Ha'lHH _ OT JIOMeHH KaMbHH H ronsno KOJIH'IeCTBO cnoJIHH, cnoeaa C aesnpan, CIIJIHO POHJIHB xopocan, C npasrec OT e,npOC'IYKaHH TYXJIH. 3a pa3JIHKa OT 6a3HJIHKa 2 <PyrHTe He ca 06Ma3aHH (06p. 9). OT H3TOK CTpaHH'IHHTe Kopa611 ca odiopsreaa C ancana H no T03H Ha'lHH 6a3HJIHKa 3 e npH,n06l1JIa nJIaH aa rpnxopafiaa, rpaancnnaa rrspxsa C npHTBOp. no paassepa TjI He ce pa3JIH'IaBa OT 6a3HJIHKa 2.

Haprexcsr sanasaa csmara ,nbJI)I(IIHa, HO nopana CTeCHRBaHe Hit CTeHaTa Me)l(,ny Hero H aaoca lIIHpHHaTa My ce YBeJIH'IaBa C 0,20 M H ,nOCTHra 3,30 M. lia3HJIlIKaTa aanasaa H nsara CH CTpaHH'IHH axona aa sananaara CTeHa. Cera ofiase e OTBopeH HOB BXO,n aa IO)I(HaTa CTeHa C lIIHp. 2 M, KonTO e o<popMeH KaTO MaJIbK noprax noztofiao aa IO)I(HHR BXO,n na 6a3HJIHKa I. Ilpes T03H BXO,n ce e BJIH3aJIO nanpaso B IO)I(HHR xopafi, BXO,nbT OT naprexca KbM IO)I(HHjI xopaf e 6HJI 3a3H,naH.

43

9

10

• 06p. 9. Ceeepuama cmeua ua tiasusuea 2 U naocmpoellama espxy uen cmeua na tiasu.iuxa 3 c Ileo6Ma3a1IU fPyzu. Fig. 9. Le mur septentrional de la basilique 2 et Ie mur sureleve au-dessus de la basilique 3 avec des joints non enduits

• 06p. /0. (/JpacMellm c «aonuc, usno nsyean «amo cnO,1UU e ceeepuun cmunobam ua tiasunuxama. Fig. 10. Fragment avec inscription utilise comme fragment architecture dans Ie stylobate septentrional de la basilique 3

• 06p. 11. Ceeepuunm cmunoiiam ua tiasunuxa 3 c oee tiasu sa KOIlOIIU. Fig. 11. Le stylobate septentrional de la basilique 3 avec deux bases pour colonnes

HaOCbT, KaKTO H uanara crpazta, aanasaa pa3MepHTe H CbOTHoweHH~Ta Ha OT.D:eAHHTe xopafin, KaKTO Te3H aa 6a3HAHKa 2. Cera ofiaxe ca .nO.D:CHAeHH cTHA06aTHTe, KOHTO ca WHPOKH no I M H ca <PYH.D:HpaHH na .D:bA6. OT 0,70 .D:O 1,30M. Ilpa asrpaxnanero HM e H3noA3YBaHo ronasro KOAH'IeCTBO cnOAHH. Taxa nanpmrep B 3ana.D:HH~ Kpau na ceBepHHSI cTHA06aT 6e OTKpHT KaTO cnonnti '1aCT OT Ha.D:nHC aa craporpsnxa e3HK (06p. 10). no BCSlKa sepoarHOCT BbPXY cTHA06aTHTe ca 6HAH Hape.D:eHH rOAeMH MpaMopHH 6AOKOBe, .D:Ba OT KOHTO 6S1xa OTKpHTH BbPXY ceBepHHSI CTHA06aT. Il bpBHSlT HMa paasiepa I, lOx 0,60 x 0,25 M, a BTOPHSIT - 0,80 x 0,65 x 0,25 M. BbPXY e.D:HHHSI OT TSiX 6e OTKpHTa in sito MpaMopHa fiaaa aa KOAOHa (06p. II). Bropa nO.D:06Ha fiasa 6e oTKpHTa B 6AH30CT .D:O CbI.QHSI cTHA06aT, Me)l(.D:Y rp06HHTe SlMH na cpe.D:HOBeKOBHHSI nexpono,n, Kb.D:eTO 6S1xa OTKpHTH H 3Ha'lHTeAeH 6pou <pparMeHTH OT MpaMopHH KOAOHH,

44

O'leBH.D:HO H3nOA3YBaHH aa nO.D:nOpH B 6a3HAHKa 3. 3a Cb)l(aAeHHe .D:bA)I(HHaTa na HHTepKoAYMHHTe He MO)l(e zta ce YCTaHOBH.

Ha H3TOK QeHTpaAHHSlT xopaf aas'spuraa C norryxpt.r rra ancana, KOSITO e asrpaneua H3Q~AO BbPXY Ta3H na 6a3HAHKa 2 (06p. 4). TSI HMa pa.D:HYC 2,50 M H .D:bA60'lHHa 3,40 M, KaTO aa aanan e B KOHCTPYKTHBHa Bpb3Ka C .D:BaTa cTHA06aTa, a na cesep H 101' --C HOBonpHCTpoeHHTe CTpaHH'IHH anCH.D:H.

AnCH.D:aTa aa ceBepHHSI xopaf HMa nenpaBHAHa nOAyeAHnCOBH.D:Ha <popMa C .D:bfl6. 1,70M. Ilpa aarpaxnaaero na HOBHTe crpaHH'IHH anCH.D:H Ha 6a3HAHKa 3 <PyrHTe Me)l(.D:Y TSiX H H3TO'lHaTa CTeHa na 6a3HAHKa 2 ca MHoro yxreno CKpHTH, MaKap 'Ie npa cesepuara anCH.D:a H3TO'lHaTa CTeHa Ha 6a3HflHKa He e 6Hfla pa3pyweHa H e OCTaHafla no.D: nO.D:a Ha HOBaTa crpazta. CTpaHH'IHHTe anCH.D:H sanosBaT C 0,25 M OTCTbn nam.rpe, KaTO ce aanasna CbI.Qa ra .D:e6eAHHa na Ha.D:Ab)l(HHTe CTeHH - 0,80 M. no T03H Ha'lHH ce nonysasa OTCTbn CbC CbI.QHTe paassepa H BbTpe B CTpaHH'IHHTe xopafia, nozt KOUTO 3aASIraT <PYI'HTe Me)l(.D:Y .D:BeTe pa3HOBpeMeHHH CTeHH, raxa 'Ie e MHoro TPY.D:HO na ce safienexar. ';JJ:bA60'lHHaTa na IO)I(HaTa ancana e 1,80, a <popMaTa Ii e nO.D:06Ha na cesepaara.

nO.D:bT na 6a3HAHKa 3 e nOB.D:HrHaT cnpaxro T03H na 6a3HAHKa 2 C 0,30 M. Hsrpanea e OT KBa.D:paTHH TYXAH C pasxrepa: 33/33/4cM. qacT OT Hero 6e OTKpHTa B sananaara '1aCT na

lJ

IO:lKHUJI sopafi, K'b,lJ.eTO e OCTaHaJ1 nesaceraar OT rp06HUTe JlMU aa Cpe,lJ.HOBeKOBHUJI HeKpOnOJ1. TYXJ1eHUJlT non e n0J10:lKeH B'bpXy xopocaHO,Ba nO.IUIO)l(Ka C ,lJ.e6. 0,0) M U J1e:lKU HenOCpe~BeHO B'bpXy pa3pYUleHaTa CTeHa Ha xpt-rnara crpana.

I10KPUB'bT U Ha Ta3U 6a3UJ1UKa no BCBKa BepOJITHOCT e 6uJ1 ,lJ.'bpBeH, sa KoeTO CBU,lJ.eTeJ1CTBYBaT He casro KOHCTPYKTUBHUTe ocofieHOCTU na crpanara, HO U MHor06pOHHUTe <pparMeHTU OT .rery J1U U UM6pUl\U B nacana Me:lK,lJ.y Cpe,lJ.HOBeKOBHUTe rp060Be.

Ba;lUJ1UKa 3 ce OTHaCJI K'bM '1eTB'bpTUJI CTpOUTeJIeH rrepaon - VI B. K'bM TOBa spesre HaCO'lBaT U TpuTe ancaaa na U3TO'lHaTa <paca,lJ.a. Hssecrao e, 'Ie npes VI B. ce nOBBJlBaT 6a3UJ1UKaJ1HUTe l\'bpKBU C TpU,lJ.eJ1HO OJ1TapHO npocrpaacrso, C 0<p0pMeHu npe36uTepuH, nporesac U ,lJ.UaKOHUKOH. B HJlKOU cnysaa CTpaHU'IHUTe nOMellJ,eHUJI saaspuraar C noMaJ1KU OT uenrpanaara ancu,lJ.u29• TaK'bB e CJ1Y'laJiT C 6a3UJ1UKa 9 B Xacap-", 6a3UJ1UKaTa B 1..f6u,lJ.a, PyM'bHUB31, U HUKOnOJ1UC B IOrocJ1aBUJl32, BCU'IKU ,lJ.aTUpaHU B VI B. Hapen C Te3U l\'bpKBU ca U3BecTHU U npyra, npa KOUTO U3TO'lHUTe <paca,lJ.u ca o<p0pMeHu aexe C TpU anCU,lJ.U, HO OJ1TapHOTo npOCTpaHCTBO Bee ome He e pa3,lJ.eJ1eHO. TaKUBa ca 6a3UJ1UKUTe KpaH rOJ1J1MO BeJ10BO, I1a3ap,lJ.:lKUUlKa 06llJ,UHa33 U BpaHU nOJ1e, I1J10B,l1.HBCKa 06J1aCT34. MO:lKe 6u KaTO Me:lK,lJ.UHeH Tun Me)l(,l1.y nsere rpynu 6a3UJ1UKU ce JlBJlBa Ta3U OT Basapa, na O-B KPHT35, KOBTO saaspuraa C TpU anCU,l1.H aa U3TOK, HO e OT,lJ.eJ1eHO casso ceBepHOTO OJ1TapHO nosreuteaae. TOBa 06CTOJlTeJ1CTBO nasa OCHOBaHHe zta ce npezmonoxa, 'Ie nOJIBaTa na TpHTe anCH,lJ.U npe,l1.UleCTByBa nOJIBaTa Ha

1 B. )]. 0 6 P Y C K H. Marepaana no apxeonorasra aa Bsnrapas, - Mc6, XII, 1895, c.334.

2 V. D 0 b r u sky. Antike Inscritten aus Bulgarien. - AEM, 1895, p.119.; B. )].06pYCKH. Marepaana no apXeOJIOrHlITa aa EbJIrapHli. - Mc6, XVI-XVII, 1900, c. 79.; M. 'A 1t 0 t1 T 0 A [ 811 ~. ~UAAO-r1l &1tLYPOC!pWV ocvocupe&Lt1WV 'e» TPOCLOCV'Il AU'!vut1T'(l vuv ~ocpoc Z,,-yrJp,,-. - Hpq:XLXOt, VIII, 1937, p.91.; G. Michailov. Inscriptiones Graecae in Bulgaria repertae. S., 1964, III, p. 57; M. T a '1eB a - X H T 0 B a I1:CTOpHli aa H3TO'lHHTe KYJITOBe B )].OJIHa MH3HlI H TpaKHlI (VB. np. H.e. - IVB. OT H. e.). C., 1982, 275-276.; E. Eo p H COB. 3a AaTHpoBKaTa aa 06pO'lHHTe llJIO'lKH aa TpaKHHCKHlI KOHHHK OT aHTH'IHOTO ceJIHIUe AO c. KapaHOBO, HOB03aropcJl:O. - Thracia Antiqua, V, 1979, c.204, 209; B. Bo r is ov. Nouvelles 'decouvertes sut le sanctuaire du Cavalier Thrace au Nord du village de Karanovo, dep. de Sliven. - Thracia Antiqua, 10, 1984, (sous press), 75-82.

3 H. My ill MOB. KOJIeKTHBHH HaXOiUH aa MOHeTH. - I1:EAA, 11, 1912, c. 337.; KOJIeJl:THBHH HaXOAJl:H aa MOHeTH rrpes 1891-1914. - li6A)]., IV, 1914, c.274.

4 )].. II. )].HMHTpOB. AHTH'IHH naMeTHHUH OT Crapa 3aropa H HeHHaTa OJl:OJIHOCT. -liEA)]., VIII, 1932-1933, 291-312.; E. EOpHCOB. lJ,HT. c}''1., 203-216.; B. Borisov. Op. cit., 75-82.

5 Hawp06HHTe MOrHJIH ca pa3J1:0naHH OT M. Ki.H'IeB, roraea AHpeKTOP aa rliM - HOBa 3aropa.

6 E. )].. Eo P H COB. PaHHOBH3aHTHHCJl:H aMcPopH

TPOHHO pa3,lJ.eJ1eHUJI OJ1Tap.

B'b3 OCHOBa na apXHTeKTypHHJI THn U npHBe,lJ.eHUTe a~aJ10rHH H3rpa:lK,lJ.aHeTOHa 6a- 3HJ1HKa 3, B KOJITO see ouie J1HnCBa TpH,lJ.eJ1HHJI OJ1Tap, xapaxrepea sa BpeMeTO aa IOcTHHHaH, MO:lKe na ce oraece K'bM Ha'laJ10TO aa VI B., KoeTO He npOTHBOpe'lU H Ha ,lJ.aTaTa Ha '1eTB'bpTUJI CTpOHTeJ1eH nepaon, lia3HJ1HKa 3 e 3arHHaJ1a K'bM xpas na VI UJ1U B Ha'laJ10TO aa VII B., xoraro CeJ1HllJ,eTO CTaBa :lKepTBa na CJ1aBJlHCKHTe HaUleCTBHJI. I10-K'bCHO npea IX-XB. B'bpxy pyanare MyB'b3HHKBa Cpe,lJ.HOBeKOBHO 6'bJ1rapCKO CeJ1HllJ,e, npocsmecrsyBaJ10 ,lJ.0 Ha'laJ10TO na XIV B. I1pe3 XI-XIII B. B panOHa Ha paHHOXpHCTHJlHCKHTe 6a3HJ1HKH B'b3HHKBa HeKpOnOJ1. OT rOJ1J1M aarepec e <paKT'bT, 'Ie cpen Hero e 6HJ1a asrpaneaa MaJ1Ka rp06HllJ,Ha ~'bpKBa, KOJITO 6HJ1a nocTpoeHa B H3TO'lHaTa '1aCT aa 6a3UJ1HKa 3, KaTO e 6uJ1a U3n0J13YBaHa U l\eHTpaJIHaTa H anCH,lJ.a36•

B 3aKJ1IO'IeHHe TpJl6Ba zta ce saxe, 'Ie 6a3UJ1UKUTe OT c. Kapaaoso nOKa3BaT CHJ1aTa aa rpanaunsra na ce CTPOJIT na e,lJ.HO U csmo MJlCTO KYJ1TOBH crpana npes pa3J1H'IHU enOXH. B nonxpena na TOBa MHeHHe MO:lKe na ce nocoxa npasrepvr C 6a3HJ1HKaTa npn c. AparaHoBe~, T'sprosamxa 06llJ,HHa 37, KOJITO e asrpaneaa B'bpXY no-paano e3U'IeCKO CBeTHname. BepOJITHO TOBa npaBHJ10 ca CJ1e,lJ.BaJ1H H 6a3HJ1HKU 4a H 46 B Xacap-", 6a3HJ1HKUTe B'bB B'bHUlHOTO YKpenJ1eHHe na ay J1a aa XaH OMYPTar, npa rapa Ilap KpYM, Illysreacxa 06llJ,HHa 39, TpHTe 6a3HJ1HKU B KaCTeJ1a jhpyc40, a He aa nOCJ1e,lJ.HO MJlCTO H TpHTe paHHOXpUCTHJlHCKH 6a3HJ1HKH OT C. KapaHOBO U H3rpa,lJ.eHaTa B'bpXy TJlX nO-K'bCHO Cpe,lJ.HOBeKOBHa rrspxsa.

(IV - VI B.) OT CJIHBeHCKH ospsr, - ApXeOJIOrHII, XXVII, 1985, KH. 1, c. 39.

7 H. q a H e B a. CTapoxpHCTHlIHCJl:aTa H paHHOBH3aHTHHCKaTa 6a3HJIHKa OT IV-VI B. B EbJlrapHIi. - ApxeoJIOrHlI, X, 1968, KH. 2, c. 16.

8 r. Tafia s o aa-Il an e aa, T. OB'IapOB. PaHHOBH3aHTHHCKaTa 6a3HJIHKa npa C. KPl>H, Craposaropcsa oxpsr. - ApXeOJIOrHII, XVII, 1975, KH. 3, c.45, 06p.1. 9 T. OB'IapOB. PaHHoxpHCTHlIHCKa uspxaa KpaH C.

KPl>H, Craposaropcsa oxpsr. - AcnHpaHTCKH C60PHHK aa BTY "KHPHJI H MeTO)lhH", Jl:H. II, 1974, c.328, 06p. 1. 10 R. F. Hoddinott. Early byzantine churches in Macedonia and Southern Serbia. London, 1963, 44-45, fig. 27.

11)].. lJ, 0 H 'I e B. Xacapcsare 6aHH. r eorpadxsa, HCTOPH'IecKH, H apXeOJIOrH'IeCKH osepx, - rIIH6M, 1935-1936, c. 165 .

. 12 H. qaHeBa-)].e'leBCKa. OcHOBHH KOMn03HI{HOHHH eJIeMeHTH sa 6a3HJIHKaTa OT IV-VI B. B EbJIrapas, - liCTlirA, XXII, 1969, c.277, 06p. 12.

13 M. Kl>H'IeB H 6. 60pHCOB. CpeAHoBeKoBeH HeKpOnOJI npH c. Kapaaoso, CJIHBeHCKO. -liMlOli6, IV, 1981, c.53.

14 H. qaHeBa-)].e'leBCJl:a. Bp1>3KHTe MelKAY panHOXPHCTHlIHCJl:HTe 6a3HJIHKH OT IV-VIs. B 6bJ1rapHli C Te3H OT CbceAHHTe 6aJIJl:aHCKH CTpaHH. - liCTlir A, XXIV, 1972, c.197.

15 )].. lJ,oH'IeB. lJ,HT. c}''1., c. 167.

45

16 lia3HJlHKaTa e paasonaaa OT H. C. 3~ Foxeaa H n. li1>HOB, aa KOHTO 1i3H-C"bp}J.e'lHO 6J1arOAapll sa AaHHHTe OKOJlO AaTHpaHeTO aa T03H naMeTHHK.

17 R. F. Hoddinott. Op. cit., 185-186, fig. 95. 18 B. A H T 0 HOB a. )],Be paHHOXPHCTHlIHCKH U1>PKBH B1>B B1>HWHOTO YKpc;nJJeHHe aa ayna aa XaH OMYPTar, npa rapa Ilap KpYM (IDyMeHCKO). - ApXeOJlOrHlI, X, 1968,KH. 1,53-57.

19 A. MHJI'IeB, K. KOH'IeBa. PaHHOBH3aHTHHCKa

6a3HJlHKa B M. "rpaJJ.Hllle" KpaH Fafipoao, - ApXeOJlOrHII, XX, 1978, KH. 4, c. 25, 06p. 1-

20 H. Cn p e ss o Fl e r p o s a h .Ilponopuanxa OAHOCH Y 6a3HJJHKaMa Hnapcse npecpeKType. JieorpaA,.1971, c. 18,

Ta6J1. I, c. 19, Ta6J1. II, c. 30, Ta6J1. XI. .

21 I. F. Sanders. Roman Crete. - Warmmster - WiJts. 1982. n, 91. fig. 24. 1). 113. fig. 38.

22)],. MHTOBa-)],lICOHOBa. PaHHoxpHCTHlIHCKaTa 6a3HJlHKa s' OT "KaJIeTO" B JiePKOBHUii. - ApXeOJlOrHII, XIX, 1977, KH. 4, c. 47.

23 H. qaHeBa-)],e'leBCKa. OcHOBHH KOMn03H-

UHOHHH eJleMeHTH aa 6a3HJlHKaTa, c. 290.

24 H. qaHeBa-)],e'leBCKa. Bp1>3KHTe MellCAY pan-

HOXPHCTHlIHCKHTe 6a3HJlHKH, c. 207.

25 H. q a H e B a-)], e 'I e B C 17 a. OcHOBHH KOMn03H-

UHOHHH eJleMeHTH aa 6a3HJJHKaTa, c. 291.

26 OaK TaM, C. 291.

27 H. qaHeBa-)],e'leBCKa. Xapaxrepaa 'IepTH aa U1.pKBHTe B li1.JJrapHlI OT K"bCHOaHTH'IHaTa enoxa, -

HliH)]" XXIX, 1974, c.255.

28 lia3HJlHKa 3 e 'IaCTH'IHO paaxonaaa npes 1976 r. OT M. K1.H'IeB H ziopaaxonaua UlIJlOCTHO npea 1982r. OT Ii. 60-

pHCOB. _

29 H. qaHeBa-)],e'leBCKa. CTapoxpHCTHIIHCKaTa H paHHOBHJaHTHHcKaTa 6a3HJlHKa, c. ~6.

30 K. M a A lIC a p 0 B. lia3HJlHKa ~. 9 B Xacap. - ApXeOJlOrHII, XIII, 1971, "H. 3, C. 34, .o6p. 1.

3 I I. Bar n e a. Nouvelles considerations sur les baziliques chretiennes de Dobroudja. - Dacia, XI-XII, 1945-1947, p. 227, fig. 13.

32 H. Cn pe ss o Fl e r p o a a h. QHT. C"b'l., c. 36, Ta6J1.

XV. u

33 C. liOIiAlICHeB. PaHHoxpHCTHIIHcKa U1.pKBa KpaH c. rOJlIIMO WOBO, na3ap}J.llCHWKH OKp~r. - ApXeOJlOrHlI, XI, 1969, "H. 3, C. 20.

34 )],. Q 0 H 'I e B. CTaPOTO CCJJHllle npa Bpaaa none, - rHAMO, KH. I, 1948, c.3.

H I. F. Sanders. Op. cit., 115-116, fig. 39.

36 M. K1.H'IeB H B. liOpHCOB. QHT. css., c. 47, 06p. I.

37 H. qaHeBa-)],e'leBCKa. Bp1.3KHTe MellCAY pan-

HOXPHCTHlIHC"HTe 6a3HJlHKH, c. 199.

38 )],. QOH'IeB. Xacapcsare 6aHH, 163-172. 39 B. AHTOHOBa. QHT. csx., 53-61-

40 T. H BaH 0 B. CTapoxpHCTHlIHca:HTe 6a3HJJHKH B jlTpyc (IV-VI B.). - ApXeOJlOrHlI, XVIII, 1976, KH. 3, 6-22.

Basiliques chretiennes antiques (lye_YIes.) pres du village Karanovo, region de Bourgas

B. D. BORISOV

(Resume)

Au cours de 1976 en rapport avec la construction de canal du systeme d'irrigation "Tundfa moyenne" ont commence des fouilles de sauvetage du site antique, au nord du village Karanovo, region de Burgas. Par suite de travaux de terrassement durant pres de 10 ans ont ete etudies differents secteurs de la localite et etablies quatre periodes de construction. La premiere periode s'etend du debut du lor jusqu'au milieu du m' s., la deuxieme - de la seconde moitie du III' jusqu'a Ia fin du troisieme quart du IV·s., la troisieme - de la fin du VI' ou du debut meme du V· s. jusqu'a la fin de sa premiere moitie. La quatrieme periode de construction commence au debut du VI·s. apres presque 50 ans d'interruption de la vie dans la localite, periode dont ne sont decouverts aucuns materiaux, et continue jusqu'a la fin du VI' ou jusqu'au debut du VII·s. suivant.

Basilique I (fig. I, 2 et 5) represente one petite eglise Ii trois nefs Ii une abside, sans porche. Ses murs sont edines de pierres concassees et de spolia soudees avec de la boue. Ses dimensions interieures sont: 10,50 x 9,60m. On y penetrait par deux entrees. La premiere est situee au milieu du mur ouest, tandis que la seconde au mur sud, en forme d'un petit portique. L'abside de l'eglise a une forme en fer de cheval faiblement exprimee.' Sur la base de son type architectural et les trouvailles archeologiques, elle est datee dans le IV's.

46

Basilique 2 (fig. I, 2 et 6) est une eglise Ii trois nefs, Ii one abside avec porche. Elle a un plan trapezoidal et des dimensions interieures; 16,90 x 15,50 x 14,30. Son abside a la forme de la basilique 1. Le porche n'est pas divise et on y penetrait par deux entrees laterales du mur occidental. Du narthex vers la nef menent trois entrees pareillement aux basiliques grecques. La basilique se rapporte Ii la troisieme periode de construction -Ia premiere moitie du V· s.

Basilique 3 (fig. I, 2, 8) est surelevee au-dessus de la basilique 2. Dans son ensemble elle represente une eglise Ii trois nefs, Ii trois absides avec porche. Ses dimensions sont les memes que celles de la basilique 2. Le narthex garde les deux entrees laterales dans Ie mur occidental. Dans Ie mur meridional est ouverte une nouvelle entree, en forme de portique, pareille Ii l'entree de la basilique I. Bien qu' Ii trois absides, l'eglise n'a pas pour autant un espace d'autel triedre et un atrium. Son edification se rapporte au debut du VI·s., tandis que sa destruction vers la fin du VI' ou Ie debut du VII·s., lorsque le site a peri sous les coups des invasions slaves.

Plus tard, aux XIe-XIII·s. sur les ruines des basiliques chretiennes antiques a ete edifiee une petite eglise de cimetiere Ii une nef des servant la population de la localite bulgare medievale et sa necropole.

PYHllQeCKllTe aaann II aazmacn OT BOJI)I(Ka Bi.nrapaa 11 'rexnare ~yHaBcKll rrapaJIeJIll

AJ1<l>PE,lJ, XAJ1I1KOB

Onre D. .LJ:. I'pexos H H. <1>. KaJIHHHH B CBOllTa ofiofimasatna CTaTHlI IIO HCTOpHlITa na BOJI)KKa D'hJIrapHlI OT ,n:OMOHrOJICKHlI IIepHO,n:

IIHCaXa aa B'h3MO)l(HOCTTa no "pHeMaHeTO aa apa6CKaTa IIHCMeHOCT BOJI)I(KHTe 6'hJIrapH ,n:a ca HMaJIH IIO-apXaH'IHa PYHH'IeCKa IIHCMeHOCT1. Te IIOCO'lBaXa HaJIH'IHeTO aa 6'hJIrapCKH H3,n:eJIHlI C TaMrH, HMamH 06JIHK aa H,n:eOrpaMH, H . ce II030BaBaXa na C'h06meHHeTO aa fiarztaztcxaa

: IIHCap A6,n:YJI-apa,n:)I(, xoiiro B CBOllTa KHHra "POCIIHCH HaYKaM", HaIIHCaHa B 987-988 r., csotimaaa, 'Ie ,,6YJIrapH H Hy6aTH (TH6eTn:H) YIIoTpe611BaT IIHCMeHaTa aa KHTaHn:H H MaHH"2. HaJIH'IHeTO na noapaficxa a36YKa y 6'hJIrapHTe, 6JIH3Ka zto opxono-eaaceacxara pYHHKa, IIpe,n:IIOJIaraXa H npyra H3CJIe,n:OBa-

• 06p. 1. Kauenua nnoua C PYI-lU'leCKU uaonuc om c. /OPUI-lo. Fig. 1. Plaque de pierre avec inscription runique du village Urino

TeJIH, H IIO-CIIen:HaJIHO X. P. Kyp6aToB3 H r. B. IOcYIIOB4. 3a Ta3H uen .re ce II030BaBaXa rJIaBHO na OT,n:eJIHH 3Han:H, aaneceaa na c~epOKOHyCH OT DHJIlIP H Ha Ha,n:IIHC B'hPXy ,n:p'h)l(KaTa na C'h,n: OT llpHKaMHeTO, rrposeren H 06HapO,n:BaH OT Il. MeJIHOpaHCKHS. B. ll. .LJ:apKeBH'I, 3aHHMaJI ce CIIen:HaJIHO C. THIIOJIOrH'IHHlI aHaJIH3 na T03H C'h,n:, ,n:OH,n:e no y6e)l(,n:eHHeTO, 'Ie TOH e H3pa60TeH HlIK'h,n:e na H3TOK B Cpenaa A3HlI He IIo-paHO OT VIII B.6 M3XO)l(,n:aHKH OT TOBa, "pHHa,n:JIe)l(HOCTTa aa cszta H aazmaca aa aerosara ,n:p'h)l(Ka K'hM 6'hJIrapHTe HJIH 6mi3KHTe HM BOJIrO-KaMCKH IIJIeMeHa e IIOBe'le OT C'hMHHTeJIHa. Hapen C TOBa BHHMaHHe 3aCJIY)l(aBa MHC'hJITa, H3Ka3aHa orne OT Il. MeJIHOpaHCKH H nonm-pscaaa OT BCH'IKH CJIe,n:BaIl(H H3CJIe;l(OBaTeJIH, aa CXO,n:CTBOTO aa 3Han:HTe OT T03H Ha,n:IIHC C "TaMrHTe na TlOpKOe3H'IHHTe uapozra IIO BOJIra H B CH6Hp"7.

1

47

B 1958 r. npa npoaezcnaaero aa Mapaacxara apXeOJIOrH'IecKa eKCne,lJ.HIUUI B pa60THH'IeCKOTO cermme IOpHHo, Mapaacxa ACCP (na BOJIra 180KM cesepao OT Ka3aH), .aa MeH MH 6e npe,lJ.a,lJ.eHa'. neronsssa KaMeHHa nnoxxa, aasrepeaa B TOBa cemnne B csmara rO,lJ.HHa npa H3KonHHTe pa60TH. Ha nJIOCKaTa IJ;OB'bpXHOCT aa nJIO'lKaTa HMa aspsaaa Ha,lJ.nHC, CDCTOjlm ce OT nsa pena - ofinto 8 6YKBH (06p. 1), KOHTO 6e nposerea OT E. P. TeHHIIIeB KaTO TlOPKCKH8• If3CJIe,lJ.OBaTeJIjlT ztarapa Ha,lJ.naca B X-XI B., orfienaaa 6JIH3OCTTa My C 0PXOHCKHTe (TaJIaCKH) Ha,lJ.nHCH, HO nomepra H H3BeCTHO caoeofipasae. 06a'le H Ta3H HaXO,lJ.Ka e 3Ha'lHTeJIHO ornaneseaa OT OCHOBHHTe patioHH aa pa3CeJIBaHe na BOJI)KKHTe 6'bJIrapH H He MO)Ke zta ce pasrnexna KaTO 6'bJIrapcKa.

B 1957 H 1960r. npa asysaaaaero na paHH06'bJIrapcKHjI HeKpOnOJI ,lJ.0 c. bOJIIIIHe Tapxaaa OT B. cI>. Feaaar H A. X. XaJIHKOB 6j1xa HaMepeHH CHBOrJIHHeHH KaHH OT CaJITOB06'bJIrapcKH THn, na ,lJ.'bHOTO aa 17 OT KOHTO 6j1xa OTKpHTH H3ll'bKHaJIH OTne'laT'b~ OT 3HaIUl, npe,lJ.HMHO B'bB BH,lJ. na xpsrose, npasosr'bJIHHIUI HJIH 6YKBaTa "H" C ornanesasaura ce xpaauta (06p. 2)9. IIO-K'bCHO KaKTO C'bBeTCKHTe10, 'raxa H 6'bJIrapcKHTe11 H3CJIe,lJ.OBaTeJIH orfienaaaxa onpeneneaara 6JIH30CT aa nesaraTe aa TapxaHCKHTe C'b,lJ.OBe C nesarare H 3HaQHTe OT MaTepHanH B IIo,lJ.oHHeTO H paHH06'bJIrapcKH MaTepHaJIH OT HOBH Ilaaap H IIJIHcKa B )1.YHaBCKa b'bJIrapHjI.

HjlKOJIKO pYHono,lJ.06HH 3HaKa ca OTKpHTH H aa KepaMH'IHH C'b,lJ.OBe OT npyr paaaotisnrapCKH aexponon aa Bonra- TaHKeeBCKHjI, ,lJ.aTHpan sese B X - Ha'laJIOTO aa XI B. 12 Ho 're ca MaJI06pOHHH - ,lJ.Ba OT TjlX HMaT xapaxrep aa nesara no zrsaara na C'b,lJ.OBeTe (06p. 31-2), a ztsa ca Ha,lJ.paCKaHH no TeXHHTe CTeHH (o6p. 33--4)'

Orpouea 6pOH aaana-nesara (nosese OT 600) H HjlKOJIKO aanrraca ca OTKpHTH no zrsaara, CTeHHTe H ,lJ.p'b)KKHTe aa rJIHHeHH C'b,lJ.OBe npa nposeneaare npes nOCJIe,lJ.HHTe rO,lJ.HHH pa3KonKH Ha TepHTOpHjlTa Ha'bHJIjlpCKOTO rpa,lJ.Hme - apXeOJIOrH'IeCKHTe OCTaHKH OT CTOJIHQaTa na BOJI)KKa Bsnrapas B ,lJ.OMOHrOJICKHjI nepaozt (922-1236r.)13. Iloaese OT 400 nasepraaa H aanpacsana 3Ha~ H Ha,lJ.llHCH ca HaMepeHH Ha CTeHHTe Ha ~epOKOHH'IHH C'b,lJ.OBe, csmo TaKa OTKpHTH npa H3CJIe,lJ.BaHeTO aa bHJIjlPCKOTO rparraure!". Iloornenao Te Be'le 6j1xa 06eKT Ha ny6JIHKaQHH.

Ha Te3H 3Ha~ HHe ce cnpaxsse npa KOJIeKTHBHaTa ny6JIHKaQHjI aa 6HJIjlpcKaTa xepasraxa B 1976r.1S Tpsasapcxare nesara OT fianapcsara KepaMHKa 6j1xa H3CJIe,lJ.BaHH OT M. C. Mepxecosa, a cnen TOBa nO-QMOCTHO ~T. A. cI>. KO'lKHHa16• Cera sese KaTanOrDT aa KOJIeK~jlTa OT rpsasapcxa nexara na Bansp nafipossa 686 exsesmnapa. Te BCH'IKH npenCTaBJIjlBaT penedmo H3n'bKHaJIH H306pa)KeHHJI C pa3JIH'IHH passrepa (06p. 4), pa3nOJIO)KeHH npenasmo B QeHTpaJIHaTa 'IaCT aa ,lJ.'bHOTO aa

48

o CVCD<>Q 0 11 ~ ?{ =');('0

3

4

• 06p: 2. Ileuamu no Obllama ua csooee om Bonuue+Tapxaucxu nexponon .. Fig. 2. Sceaux sur les fonds de vases de fa necropole de Bolchie+Tarhanskie

• 06p. 3. 311a'lU 6bPXY xepauusa om Tauxeeecxun uexponon (no E. fl. Ka3aKo6). Fig. 3. Signes sur ceramique de fa necropole de Tankeevsk (d'apres E. P. Kazakov)

csna. Ih06pa)KeHHjlTa ca e,lJ.HHH'IHH, T. e. HMaT BH,lJ. aa OT,lJ.eJIeH 3HaK. A. cI>. KO'lKHHa aanpasa KJIacHHKaIUljl aa Te3H 3HaIUI H ra pa3,lJ.eJIH aa 28 rpyna H 57 rana 17. rOJIJlMa 'IaCT OT 3HaQHTe npencraananar MO,lJ.HHKalJ,HH na pyHH'IeCKH 3HaK B'bB BH,lJ. aa 6YKBaTa "A" (,lJ.0 50% OT BCH'IKH nesara) 1 8, KOHTO e eKBHBaneHTeH B pYHH'IeCKOTO nHCMO aa 6YKBaTa "b" HJIH "M". KaTO QJlJIO aHaJlH3'bT aa nesarare aa 6HJIjlpCKaTa xepasnrxa nane B'b3MO)KHOCT aa H3CJIe,lJ.OBaTeJIKaTa na ,lJ.OH,lJ.e ,lJ.0 H3BO,lJ.a, 'Ie "MllOro OT Te3H nexara nosrapsr 3HaIUI OT TlOPKCKOTO pYHH'IeCKO nHCMO" 19.

3a TOBa CBH,lJ.eTenCTBYBa H aHaJIH3'bT aa 3HaQHTe OT cePOKOHH'IHHTe C'b,lJ.OBe OT bHJIjlp. HaHCTHHa nO'lTH aa BceKH CePOKOHYC HMa 3Ha:QH, aa KoeTO ofipsmaxa BHHMaHHeH HaIIIHTe npe,lJ.IIlecTBeHH~20. Cpen Te3H 3HaQH, 6pOJlT aa KOHTO e nosese OT 400, HMa MHOrO'lHCJIeHH H pa3Ho06pa3HH BapHaHTH. Pa3JIH'IaBaT ce 3HaIUI B'bB BH,lJ. na CBaCTHKa B e,lJ.HH HJIH npyra BapHaHTH (06p. 51-9), npocrre,lJ.eHH B'bpXy 23 cszta. MHTepecHH H HaHMHOrO'lHCJIeHH ca 3Ha~Te B'bB BH,lJ. aa 06'bpHaTa HJIH HOPMaJIHO crosma 6YKBa "III" (06p. 510-40)' 3a<l>HKcHpaHH na 72 csna, JI1060- nHTHH ca 3HaIUlTe B'bB BH,lJ. Ha BepTHKanHH np'b'lH~ C H3JIH3amH OT n:x orrope (06p.

2

3

4

541-45 - 6 eK3.), OT ennara crpaaa (06p. 546 -47, 53-56,60 - 9 eK3.) HJUI OT )l,BeTe crpaun (06p.

548 57-59) JIHHHH. HaJIHQe ca csuto 'raxa 3HaQH BbB BH)l, Ha XOpH30HTaJIHH HaqyneHH JIHHHH (06p. 552, 63, 64), BbB BH)l, na 6YKBaTa "r" C napanenna zrsnra JIHHHji (06p. 565-68) HJIH BbB BH)l, na caMOCTOjiTeJIeH 3HaK, HO C pa3JIHQeH

• 06p. 4. OCH06H~ euooee zpsnuapcxu neiqu om EUAHPCKOmo epaoutqe, Fig. 4. Genres fondamentaux de potier de fa cite de Biliar

7 Apxeonoras. 3, 1988 r.

49

• 06p. 5. OCII0611U eapuaumu Ita 6pJl3aHU 3Hal/U 6bPXY Jondamentales de signes incises sur des cones spheriques de

cifjepoKolIYCU om DWlJlpCKOmO epaoutqe. Fig. 5. Variantes fa cite de Bi/iar

50

6

7

• 06p. 6. C¢epoKoIIYC om Eusspcxomo epaoutue CbC cmunusupan uaonuc "Ey,uapu". Fig. 6. Cone spherique de /a cite de Biliar avec inscription stylisee .Bulgare"

• 06p. 7. fjPb:JICKQ ua CbO om XXVIII Y'laCmbK ua Bu.nspcxomo epaouiue C PY"U'leCKU uaonuc. Fig. 7. Anse de vase du XXVlIle secteur de /a cite de Biliar avec inscription

runique .

• 06p. 8. Bpmanu suauu 6bPXY csooee om Bunnpcxomo epaoutqe, Fig. 8. Signes insises sur des vases de /a cite de Biliar

HaKJIOH aa KbcaTa JIHHHSI (06p. 5107-110). I1Ma CTpeJIo06pa3HH JIHHHH (06p. 583-88), OpHrHHaJIHH 3HaUH BbB BH.n: na 3aTBOpeHH (06p. 575) HJIH He3aTBOpeHH (06p. 576-79) xpsrose, .n:brH, a CbLUO raxa TpH xp sra HJIH pOM6a, csenanena nOMe)l(.n:y CH C JIHHHH (06p. 569-74). Haii-cerae He MO)l(e zta He ce oT6eJIe)l(H 3HaKa, nonofien na 6YKBaTa "X" CbC csezmaena ropna HJIH .n:OJIHa sacr (06p. 591-98).

CeMaHTHKaTa H MO)l(e 6" npoxaraaero na Te3H 3HaUH see OLUe xaxa CBOSI H3CJIe.n:OBaTeJI,

8

HO MH ce HCKa zta ortienexa, qe noaesero OT 3HaUHTe Ha c~epoKoHycHTe OT bHJISIP CbBnaztar HJIM ca 6JIH3KH CbC 3HaUHTe-neqaTH na 6HJISlpCKHTe csnose (B)I(. THnOBe 1, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10-12, 18-20, 30-43 no A. <1>. KOqKMHa; CpB. 06p. 5). 3ae.n:Ho C TOBa 3HaUHTe BbPXY crpepoxoaycare ca 3HaqHTeJIHO no-pasnoofipa3HH M B penaua CJIyqaH MMaT BH.n: na Ha.n:nHCM, HaBSIpHo H3nbJIHeHH He C pYHMqeCKO, a C reOMeTpHqeCKO H CHJIHO CTHJIH3HpaHO apa6CKO nHCMO, aa KoeTO aa aese ofispaax BHHMaHMe. Taxa aanpasrep HaU-qeCTO cpeutaHHSlT na c~epOKOHYCHTe 3HaK BbB BM.n: na 6YKBaTa "ill" (06p. 610-40; 06p. 5) HMe npenno)l(HXMe .n:a ce pa3rJIe)l(.n:a KaTO CTHJIM3HpaHa .n:YMa ,,6JIrap" HJIH ,,60JIrap"21. TOBa paaxa'rane 6e npaero H OT rrpyra H3CJIe.n:oBaTeJIH22.

Taspne Ba)l(HO e H TOBa, qe penaua 3HaUH OT 6HJISlpCKHTe c~epoKoHyCH MHoro qeCTO H OTqeTJIHBO ce nOBTapSIT B pYHHqeCKHTe 3HaUH,

51

• 06p. 9. Csnocmaexa ua OCH06Hume U eooetuume PYHU om BOAJlCKa DbAZapUR (Euanpcxomo epaoutue ) C naMemHUI/U om Canmoeo-Manmcxama «ynmypa U /(YHa6cKa DbAZapuR. Fig. 9. Confrontation des runes fondamentales de la Bulgarie de la Volga (cite de Biliar) avec des monuments de la culture Saltovo Maiatska et de la Bulgarie danubienne

3a6em13aHU no KaMbHUTe aa OJIUCKa23, rJIUHeHU TYXJIU U csztose OT paHH06bJIrapCKUTe cemnua B .ll:YHaBCKa Bsnrapaa - MaTepUaJIU OT OJIUCKa, aYJIa npa c. Llap KpYM U ,np.24 Oc06eHo 6JIU3KU ca 3HaQuTe BbB BU,n na csacraxa, non opMaTa na 6YKBaTa "X" CbC cbe,nuHeHu rope UJIU ,nOJIY BbpxoBe U ,npyru.

Ope,nnOJIO)KeHueTO, qe BOJIJKKUTe 6bJIrapU ca U3nOJI3YBaJIU 6YKBU OT PYHUqeCKaTa a36YKa He casao KaTO nesara, HO U KaTO nUCMeHOCT, ce nOTBbp,nU B nOCJIe,nHUTe ro,nUHU OT pe,nuQa UHTepeCHU HaXO.LJ:KU B DUJI}(PCKOTO rpazunne. Ilpes 1983 r. aa XXVIII ysacrsx B nerrrspa na rpamnnero, B paaona aa crpazta HI, ziarupana B npe,nMoHrOJICKO apesre (XII-XIII B.), 6eme aaxrepena MaCUBHa rJIUHeHa ,npbJKKa OT Tuna xana-rpanon. Ha ropnara nJIOCKOCT aa ,npbJKKaTa, UMam:a B npotpan 300MopHa (BbB BU,n aa CTUJIU3UpaHa rnasa na JIOC) opMa, e Bp}(3aH Ha,nnuc OT 5 6YKBU U ,nBa ,nuaKpuTuqeCKU 3HaKa (06p. 7). IIy6JIuKYBaJIaTa narmaca A. <1>. KOqKUHa ro qeTe KaTO "as tat", T. e. ",na onarasr xpanara" UJIU casso .xpanara", MaKap U zta nonycxa Bb3MOJKHOCTTa aa xereae "tajna"

52

UJIU "KUCeJIO MJI}(KO"2 5, Ho aKO 6YKBaTa.· ce xere KaTO "M", TO e Bb3MOJKeH U ztpyr npeson "as maje" UJIU "MaCJIO sa cynara", Ho BbB BceKU CJIyqaR npe,n Hac e U3BbHpe,nHO BaJKeH aKT, nornt.pxnaaam 3ana3BaHeTO y BOJIJKKUTe 6bJIrapU aa 'rparmumrre aa pYHUqeCKaTa nUCMeHOCT nOqTU ,no Kpa}( Ha ,noMoHrOJICKU}( nepaon. J1 TOBa BbB npesrero, xoraro 6bJIrapare OT IX-X B. aKTUBHO Bb3npueMaT U U3nOJI3BaT apaficxoro nucM026.

3a TOBa, qe TaKUBa naseprana UJIU nanpacKaHU nannaca C pYHUqeCKU 6YKBU He 6uJIU U3KJIlOqeHUe, a TBbp,ne 06uKHoBeHo ,neJIO, CBu,neTeJICTBYBaT Haxo,nKU OT Cbm:OTO DUJI}(PCKO rpananre U npyra csnose C pyaononofiaa 3HaQU aa CTeHUTe (06p. 8), KaKTO U HaJIUqUeTO na 6JIU3KU no Tun 3HaQU U KbCU nazmaca BbPXY ztpyrn npenssera, B qaCTHOCT BbPXY JIOnaTKU2 7 .

B 3aKJIlOqeHUe me oT6eJIeJKUM, qe ncnyxeHUTe npu pa3KonKu~e MaTepUaJIU oxeprasar B Cpe,nHOTO OOBOJIJKUe U .ll:OJIHOTO Ilpaxaxrae ocofien paROH na U3nOJI3BaHe na pYHUqeCKOTO nUCMO, a CJIe,nOBaTeJIHO U a36YKa, KOUTO, OT enaa crpana, ce c6.riUJKaBaT C 0pXOHo-eHuceRCKUTe PYHU, a, OT ztpyra - C pYHUqeCKOTO nUCMO U 3HaQU OT CaJITOBO-Ma}(QKaTa xynrypa, B T. q. U C paHH06bJIrapCKUTe PYHU OT Oo,nYHaBueTO (06p. 9). Ilpn TOBa Bb3MOJKHO e . zta ce npe,nnOJIOJKU, qe aa cpasaeaaero na pYHUTe OT BOJIJKKa U .ll:YHaBcKa Bsnrapas ca

9

HaJIH~e nO,.mHpOKH napanena, MaKap KaTO IVIJIO PYHHTe OT BOJDKKa Bsnrapas, )1.YHaBCKa Ii'bJIrapHlI H CaJITOBO-Mall~aTa xynrypa na C'bCTaBJIlIBaT Hec'bMHeHO e,llHHeH xpsr, OseBH,llHO rpananaare na pYHHqeCKOTO nHCMO ca 6HJIH C'b3.lla.lleHH B CaJITOBO-Mall~a cpena OKOJIO VIII B. H cnen TOBa ca 6HJIH B'b3npHeTH

1 B. )l;. F'p e s o s, H. <1>. KaJIHHHH. IiYJITapcICoe rOCYAIlpcTBO B ,AOMOHrOJIbCICoe saaoeaaaae. - MarepHaJIbI no HCTOPHH TaTapHH, Bbln. I. Kasaas, 1948, c.178. 2 A. JI. F'a p sa a a. CICa3aHHe MYCYJIbMaHCICHX nacaTeJIei! 0 CJIaBlIHax H PYCCICHX. CII6., 1870, c.237.

3 X. P. K Y P 6 a TO B. Aoapa6cICHH aJIcpaBHT BOJI)I(CICHX 6YJIrap. - )l(YPH. COBeT 3,A36HlITbI, 1957, 10, 112-117.

4 r. B. IOcynoB. BBe,AeHHe B 6YJIrapO-TaTapcIC11O :)flHrpacpHICY. M.-1I., 1960, 43-44.

5 II. Me JI HOp a H C IC H H. He60JIbWali opxoacsas aannacs aa cepe6PllHHOH ICpHHICe PYMlIHQeBCICOrO MY3ell. - 3anHcICH BOCTO'lHOrO OT,AeJIeHHlI PoccHHcICoro apxeoJIOrH'IecICoro o6I1lecTBa. T. 15. CII6., 1904.

6 B. II. A a p x e B H'I. XY,AO)l(ecTBeHHbIi'i MeTaJIJI BOCTOICa. M., 1976, c.9.

7 II. MeJIHopaHcICHH. :QHT. CM., c.22.

8 3. P. T e H H m e a, KaMeHb C PYHH'IeClCOH Ha.AfiHCblO H3 IOpbeBa. - 1IHHrBHCTH'IeCICHH C60pHHIC. Tamxear,

1971. '

9 B. <1>. I'e a aa r, A. X. XaJIHICoB. Paamae 60JIrapbl aa BOJIre. M., 1964, 39-40.

10 C. A. IIJIeTHeBa. OT ICO'leBHH IC rOp0,AaM. M., 1967, 126-127, pHC. 32.

11 11. AOH'IeBa-IIeTICoBa. 3HaQH B'bpXY apxeoJIOrH'IecICH naMeTHHQH OT Cpe.AHOBeICOBHa li'bJIrapHli (VII-X B). C., 1980.

12 E. II. Ka3aICOB. 3HaICH H nHCbMO paHHeH BOJI)I(CICOH IiOJIrapHH no apXeOJIOrH'IecICHM ,naHHbIM.CA, 1985, ICH.4.

13 A. X. X a JI H IC 0 B. CTOJIHQaTa aa BOJI)l(lCa li'bJITaPHli OT ,AOMOHroJICICO BpeMe. - ApXeOJIOrHlI, 1973, ICH.1. 14 A. X. XaJIHICOB. CcpePOICOHH'IecICHe cocynsr. -

KaKTO B )1.YHaBCKa, raxa H B'bB BOJI)ICKa Bsarapas. TYI\ 're ssnpexa C'b3.llaBaHeTO B )J;YHaBCKa Bsnrapas aa co6CTBeHa nHCMeHOCT rrpea IX B. H aKTHBHOTO saeapseaae B'bB BOJI)lCKa Bsnrapas npea IX-X B. aa nHCMeHOCT aa ocaosara na apaficxara rpadiasa ca ce 3ana3HJIH nocra zrsnro spesre.

B: IIocY,Aa Banapa, Kaaaas, 1986.

15 r. B. F'p ar o p s e aa, 11. C. Tepe x aa a, H. A.

Te p ex a aa, A. X. XaJIHICOB. Foasapaas ICepaMHICa Banxpcsoro rOpO.AHIIla (no MaTepHaJIaM pacxonox 1967-1971 rr). - HCCJIe,AOBaHHlI BeJIHICOrO ropona. M., 1976, c.191, pHc.91.

16 A. <1>. K 0 'I IC H H a. Foasapasre ICJIeHMa IiHJIlIPCICOro rOpO,AHIIla. --".- Cpe.AHeBeICOBble apXeOJIOrH'IecICHe naMliTHHICH TaTapHH. Kasaas, 1983.

17 IIaIC TaM, c.75.

18 r. B. F'p ar o p s e aa H ,Ap. :QHT. csx., c. 191; A. <1>.

KO'lICHHa. :QaT. CD'I., 79-80. •

19 A. <1>. KO'lICHHa. :QHT. CD'I., c .. 87.

20 3 .. Ba a o r p a ao e. CcpePOICOHgq~ICHe cocyzur C Y3ICHM rOpJIOBblM oTBepcTBHeM. - Ka3aHcICHH MY3eHHblH BecTHHIC, 1922, 6p. 2; r. B. IOcynoB. :QHT. CD'I.; P. M. A)I(aHnOJIaAliH. CcpePOICOHgqecICHe COCYAbI H3 ABHHa H AHH. - ApXeOJIOrH'IecICHe naMliTHHICH ApMeHHH, 12. Epeaaa, 1982.

21 E. II. Ka3aICOB, A. X. XaJIHICOB, E. A.

X a JI 10 IC 0 B a. Banap, - ApXeOJIOrH'IeCICHe OTICPblTHlI 1967 r. M., 1968, c.133.

22 P. M. A)I(aHnOJIaAliH. :QHT. CD'I., c. 22.

23 C. B a IC JI H HOB. <l>opMHpaHe aa crapofisnrapC1CaTa ICYJITypa. C., 1977, c.153.

2411. AOH'IeBa-IIeTICOBa. :QHT. css., 29-30.

29 A. <1>. KO'lICHHa. PyHH'IecICHe 3HaICH aa sepassaxe Banspa. - COBeTCICall TlOpICOJIOrHlI, 1985, ICH.4, c. 79.

26 r. M. AaBJIHTWHH. 0 nHCMeHOCTH HaceJIeHHlI BOJI)I(CICOH IiYJIrapHH AOMOHroJIbClCOrO nepaona. - C6opHHIC acnHpaHTCICHX pa60T. - Tyssaaarapasie HaYICH. HCTOpax. IIeAllrOrHICa. Kasaas, 1977.

27 A. <1>. KO'lICHHa. PYHH'IecICHe 3HaICH ... , pHC. 2.

Les signes et les inscriptions runiques de la Bulgarie de la Volga et leurs paralleles danubiens

A. HALIKOV

(Resume)

Au cours des annees 7(}-80, grace aux etudes archeologiques approfondies de la cite de Biljar-ver.tiges de la capitale de la Bulgarie de la Volga pendant le. Xc - Xlllc s. a ete decouvert un materiel interessant concernant l'ecriture runique bulgare antique sous forme de sceaux, de signes et d'inscriptions nombreux, imprimes ou traces sur les parois et sur d'autres endroils de vases d'argile. Analysant brievement ces materiaux, l'auteur

aboutit Ii la conclusion qu'il y a ressemblance entre bien de ces si~nes et sceaux avec les lettres de l'ectriture orhonoenissej. II souligne en meme temps certaines parlicalarites importantes rapprochant les runes biljar et autres runes de volgo-bulgare avec les runes de la culture de SaltovoMajatch et avec des materiaux des monuments-archeologiques du Premier royaume bulgare.

53

Kpumuxa U petJeH3UU

.lVIMliTbP TI . .nI1MI1TPOB, MAPI1J1 411- 4I1KOBA. KbCHOAHTI14HATA rPOoHI1QA TIPI1 CJ1JIHCTPA. C., O'bJIrapcKH XY.IlOllCHHK, 1986. 120c., 20 {(BeTtfH, 49 '1ePHO-6eJIH HJIlOCTpaItHH, 8 rpalJlH'IHH cxeMH H 'IepTellCH

OTOTICplfBaHeTO aa yxpaceuara C"LC CTeHonHCH rp06HHua B CHJIHCTpa npea 1942 r. .Il0 HaWH .IlHH ca H3MHHaJIH nosese OT 'IeTHpH .IleceTHJIeTHlI. TIpe3 Te3H rO.llHHH H3JIlI30Xa HliKOJIKO CTaTHH, nOCBeTeHH aa CHJIHCTpeHCKHTe CTeHonHCH: we oT6eJIellCHM KaKTO npaaoca aa A. cIIpoBa H.n. TI. AHMHTpOB, TaKa H MJI~HHlITa aa HliKOH OT rOJIeMHTe H3CJIe.llOBaTeJIH aa K'LCHaTa aHTH'IHOCT - M.oop.Ila, P. OHaHKU-OaH.IlHHeJIH, A. Fpafiap H ztp, Taxa 'Ie KHHraTa, B KOllTO ca C'b'leTaHH H3CJIe.llBaHHlITa aa nOKoHHHlI axaa, A. TI. AuMHTPOB H KOMeHTapa aa M. 4H'1HKOBa, C'b06pa3eH C HOBHTe apXeOJIOrH'IecKu OTKpHTHlI H CloBpeMeHHHTe HKoHorpalJlcKH npOY'IBaHHlI, He e 3aMHCJleHa KaTO MOHorpalJlHlI, BloBellC,llawa B npo6JIeMHre aa Be'le n03HaT naMeTHHK. Hanporaa, TOBa e TpYA, B KOHTO OCBeH nO.llp06HoTO onHcaHHe e HanpaBeHa paBHoCMeTKa aa pe3YJITaTHTe B H3yqaBaHeTO aa naMeTHHKa, C Ha6JIliraHe aa ssnpocere sa HerOBOTO Clo.IllopllCaHHe H narapoaxa.

OCHoBHaTa HKoHorpalJlcKa cxesea, KaKTO oT6eJIlI3BaT aBTOpHTe, e npouecasra OT npHCJlYlICHHUH (HJIH AapHTeJIH), HaCO'lBaWa ce B cHMeTpH'IeH pen nM nearpanaara rocnoztapcxa ABoHKa. M. 4H'IHKOBa npasamro nOCO'lBa, 'Ie ~AJIOllCeHaTa OT Jl. illHaitJlep CnOJIY'lJIHBa aarepnperaUHlI aa KOMn03HItHliTa KaTO nepHO.llH'IHO rrosrapsm ce uepeMOHHaJI 6H TPll6BaJIO )la 610Ae asaeneaa aa nO-WHpoK 1JI0H. CneUUaJIHO 6H TpJl6BaJIO aa ce H3ThKHe ecxaTOJIOrH'IHHlIT CMUC'bJI aa H306pallCeHHlITa, KOHTO ecrecrseao npOH3TH'Ia OT npenaaaaaseaaero aa naMeTHHKa. TOH e KOMpaH B CHMBOJIHKaTa aa MHoro .IleTaHJIH - aarrpassep B JIOBHHTe cneaa, HapHcYBaHH BloPXY csona: 're He casro HJIIOCTpHpaT enao H3n'bJIHeHO C npHJlTHH 3aHHMaHHJI' ellCeAHeBHe, HO C'bweBpeMeHHo CHMBOJIH3HpaT HaAellC,llaTa B notienara aaa cMOpTTa.

TIepHOM'IHO nOBTapJlIIlHJlT ce nepessoaaan (axo npHeMeM 1JI0pMYJIaTa aa Jl. Illaaaaep) HMa JICHa HCTOPHsecxa OCHOBa: peamrara CBaT6a aa rOCnOAapHTe. Macro AeTaHJIH HH HaCO'lBaT KloM aes: nTHItHTe aa IOHoHa HaA rJIaBHTe aa esnpyaare, nOKpHTaTa C BOaJI xoca aa rocnonapsara, UBeTeTO B pssara Ii, CBeIIlHHUHTe, npone-:

CHJlTa OT npHCJIYlICHHItH, aocema TOaJIeTHHTe npHHaAJIellCHOCTH H npexare, Heo6XOAHMH sa 'CBaT6eHHlI PHTYaJI (H3nnBaHe H 06JIH'IaHe). B TanB CJIY'IaH we 60Ae noYMeCTHO na T'bJIKyBaMe CBHThKa B psnere aa rocnonaps KaTO 6pa'ieH norosop (npeAJIOllCeHO OT B. Andreae, BlIC. 6eJI. 39 B KHHraTa aa A. TI. AHMHTpoB H M. 4H'IHKOBa)-3aJIOr aa concordia aa csnpysare zaxro B 3eMHHlI, rasa H B OTBlo.IlHHJI lICHBOT. B CMHC'bJIa aa raaa HHTepnpeTaItHJI CHJIHCTpeHCKHTe H306pallCeHHJI COOTBeTCTBYBaT HamJIHO aa HAeliHaTa npOl-paMa aa KOB'IellCeTO aa Ilpoaexra'.

Ho H MHeHHeTO aa A. cllpoBa, 'Ie T03H CBHTOK CHMBOJIH3Hpa aBTopHTeTa Ha BHCOKOnOCTaBeHHJI rocnonap, COWO HMa CBOHTe HCTOpH'Iecm OCHOBaHHJI. MOllCeM na npeAnOJIOllCHM, 'Ie C06CTBeHHKloT aa rpodaanara e 6HJI OT OHe3H MlolICe, sa KOHTO peiJIopMHTe aa AuOKJIeItHaH H TBlop.llaTa HKOHOMH'IecKa nOJIHTHKa aa KOHCTaHTHH ca OTBOPHJIH mTJI aa 3a60raTJlBaHe H 06wecTBeHQ,H3AHraHe. I1MeHHo xopa C HerOBHTe B03MOllCHOCTH ca CTPOJIJIH rOJIeMHTe .BHJIH C aM6HUH03HH AeKopaTHBHH nporpassa, XapaKTepHH 3a CTonaHCICHlI lICHBOT Ha IC'LCHaTa HMDepHJI (III-IV B.)2. Cpea Te3H BHJIH ca Ilaana Apssepaaa B

54

CUUUJIUlI, 'IHUTO M03aH'IHH 06pa3H ca OC06eHO 6JIU3KH na CHJIUCTpeHCKUTe. BUJIaTa npu Garnzigrad B IOrocJIaBHJI, a B OloJIrapHJI - BHJIaTa B KB. CIIHJIHnOBUH, COIJIHJI. BHJIaTa npu KOCTHH6pOA (KOJITO e- owe B npouec aa npoyxsaae). HAP.

ApyrH ABe rp06HUUU, HaMepeHu aa TepHTOpHJlTa aa OloJIrapHJI. UMaT nOA06Ha nexoparasaa CHCTeMa: B nJIOBAUBcKaTa. OTKpHTa aa YJI. "rpalJl I1rHaTHeB" npea 1926 r., e H306pa3eHo "TIorpe6aJIHO yromeaae BloPXY KJIHHe"J. a B OceHoBCKaTa, oTKpHTa npea 1973r., ca H306pa3eHH rocnonapsr H rocnoaapxara, IJlJIaHKHpaHH OT npHCJIYlICHHUH H BOUHu4. Ho H B ztpyrare 6aJIKaHCKH npoBuHUHH ca OTKpHTH rpo6HHUH, B KOHTO .IleKOpaTHBHaTa nporpasra BKJIIO'IBa H306pallCeHHJI aa rocnoztapa H npa-. CJIYlICHHUU, HaH-'IeCTO AanHiJlepu (npHCJIYlICBaIIlHTe aa 60raTHTe Tpane3H): rpofiaanara OT BeWKa AO HOBH CaA (npH6JI. 330--340r.), rp06HHuaTa OT 4aJIMa AO Cpesscxa MUTpoBHua (aHT. CUPMHYM), narapaaa B 'IeTBlopTOTOneTOTO AeceTHJIeTHe aa IV B., KaKTO H enaa Heny6JIUKYBaHa owe rpofiaaua OT BHMHHaUUYM (KOCTOJIau) - H TpHTe naMeTHHKa ca B rpaHHUHTe aa IOrocJIaBHJlS; HeKa A06aBHM U rpoeaauara aa EBCToprHH OT COJIYHCKHJI HeKpOnOJI, KOJITO C. TIeJIeKaHHAHC ztarapa B KOHCTaHTHHOBUJI nepaons, Taxa ce osepraaa enaa 3Ha'lHTeJIHa rpyna OT CTeHonHcaHH rp06HHItH C nOATHnoBe Ha enaa 06wa HKoHorpalJlcKa nporpaMa - npouecHJI Ha npHCJIYlICHHUH K'LM TeXHHTe rocnoztapa.

B HKoHorpalJlcKH, CTHJIOB H CMHCJlOB nJIaH CHJIHCTpeHCKUTe CTeHonHCU ca 6JIH3KH aa M03aHKHTe OT BHJIaTa Ilaaua ApMepuHa, ocofeao TelH BloB BeCTH610JIa aa 6aHHTe, ztarapaura OT rrspsara 'IeTBlopT aa IVB.7, KOB'IellCeTO aa Ilpoaeera OT cpeaara aa IV B. 8 H M03aHKaTa aa rocnonaps IOJIHii B MY3eJl oapAO- TYHHC, OT xpas aa IV B.9

8cH'IKU H36poeHU AOTYK naMeTHUUH 06pa3yaaT xapaxrepaa rpyna, B KOJITO C ocofieaa JlCHOTa ce npOCJleAliBa pa3BUTHeTO Ha CTHJIa npe3 npeXOMHlI rrepaoa, paxnaaero aa XYAOllCeCTBeHHlI e3HK, KOHTO eAHH BeK nO-IC'LCHO sese OTpa3J1Ba BCH'IKH THnH'IHH OCo6eHOCTH aa paHHOBH3aHTHlicKOTO U3KYCTBO. OeBeH TOBa re HH AaBaT AOCTaTh'lHO COJIHAeH aprYMeHT 3a AaTHpaHeTO Ha CUJIHCTpeHCKaTa rpofiaaua BloB spesre, no-paaao OT npenncxeaara B HOBaTa KHHra AaTHpOBKa.

TIocTaBJIHeTO aa CHJIHCTpeHCKHTe CTeHonHCH B DOoq:iaHH'IeHH BpeMeBH rpaaaua HeCDMHeHO MHHaBa npea MHoro KOJIe6aHHJI, npea MHoro cpaBHeHHJI C naMeTHHUH, )laTUpaWH OT pa3JIU'IHH AeceTHJIeTHJI aa IV B. Te3H KOJIe6aHUJI ca OTpaleHH B nOApo6HaTa 6H6JIHOrpalJlcKa cnpaaxa aa HOBaTa KHHra. OH MOf'bJI na 6'LAe .Il06aBeH TPYA'LT aa BJIaAHMHpo AopHro" aa K'LCHOpHMCKaTa lICHBODHC, B KOHTO aa CHJIHCTpeHCKHTe CTeHonHCU ca nOCBeTeHH HJlKOJIKO CTPaHHUHIO• BJI • .nopHro nasa rpeuma uHiJIoPMaItHlI, 'Ie rp06HHuaTa e OTKpHTa OT A. cllpoBa, HO HAeHTe My aa naMeTHHKa 3aCJIYlICaBaT BHHMaHHe. Toli npennara narapaae aa CTeHonHCHTe B 360--380r. (c.225), KaTO fU csspaaa enaoepesseaao C TpaAHUHHTe aa pHMCKaTa npOBHHItHaJIHa KYJITypa H C HAeaJIa aa KOHCTaHTHHOnOJICKOTO H3KYCTBO OT xpaa aa IV B. (c. 227). BJI. AopHro oT6eJI1I3Ba naraposeara aa A. cIIpoBa (paaea IV B.), aa P. OHaHKH-oaHAHHeJIH (cpeaara aa seza, AO 376-378 r.) H na Kapno BePAHaHH, KOHTO B eMH HeDy6JIHKYBaH PloKODHC OT 1946 r, npeanara nocneaaare AeceTHJIeTHJI aa IV B. II TOBa ca H TpHTe OCHOBHH aapaaara sa AaTHpaHeTO aa CHJIHCTpeHCKHTe CTeHODHCU: KOHCTaHTHHOBaTa enoxa, cpeaara aa IV B. AO rOTCKaTa BoifHa OT 376-378 r. H nOCJIe.llHHTe .IleceTHJIeTHJI aa IV B.

I1MeHHo nOCJleAHaTa AaTHpoBKa ce noarrspxa OT aBTOpHTe aa HOBaTa KHHra sa CHJIHCTpeHcKaTa rpofiaana,

Tesara aa A. n. AHMIITpOB H M. qH'IHICOBa e aarpaneaa B'bpXY cpasaeaae C 4lHrypaTa aa "p06a OT rOTCICH npoasxon" C H306pallCeHHJlTa B'bpXY MHCOpHYMa (388) H 96eJIHClCa aa HMnepaTop Teo]lOCHH I. OcHOBeH apryssear e npaseceara aa T03H p06, 1C0liTO e OT nallCeelCH THII - Jl'bJIfa xoca C 6peTOH. KaJCTO nOCO'lBaT aBTOpHTe, TalH npaxecxa ce cpema H nO-IC"bCHO. KbM ]lll)l;eHHTe OT TIiX npHMepH (C. 78) MOllCe Jla 6'b]le ]l06aseHo H306pallCeHHeTo B'bpXY ~n. lOOv aa BeprHJIHYc POMaHYC OT BaTHJCaHcJCaTa 6H6JIHOTelCa, narspamo OT IC"bCHHII V B.12 Ho C'bIl(eCTBYBaT H no-paaaa H306pal1CeHHlI aa T03H THII npasecxa. B e]lHO caoe aacnensaae sa paedagogumi )KaHRH Banra ]lOCTHra no H3BO]la, 'Ie TalH rrpH'leclCa He e csspaaaa C onpeneneaa MO]la, a MHHaBa OT pHMClCaTa B'bB BH3aHTHHClCaTa enoxa lCaTO 6ener aa noseraa CJIYlIC6a13. HOCIiT II JII06HMHTe po6H, Te3H, ICOHTO npHJlPYlICaBaT rocnoaapare npa TeXHHTe pa3XOJllCH H II'bTeWeCTBHJI, HJIH ICOHTO npacnyxaar aa 60raTHTe HM Tpane3H BHHO'lepnHH H dapiferoi. Or Ceaesa (nRcMa 47,7; 123,7) H Mapnaan (ElIHrpaMH III, 53, 29-31) npea IOnHaH (MH30noroH, 35Qd) H AMHaH Mapl(eJIHH (XXVI, 6, 15; XXIX, 3,3) ]l0 AHreCTHTe (XXXII, 7, 12, § 32) TelH po6H ce onHCBaT lCaTO 60raTo 06JIe'leHH H Jl'bJIfOICOCH MOM'IeTa, C'bCTaBJIIiBaIl(H sopreaare aa rocnonapare CH. 3aToBa naaecsara npasecea He 6H MOrJIa ]la 6'b]le CHrYPHa XpOH~JIOrH'IeelCa onopa.

Tspceaero aa rOTCICHTe C'bHapO]lHHI(H aa H306pa3eHHII B CHJIHCTpa po6 cpea nH'IHaTa raapnas aa TeO]lOCHH I C'bIl(O He nasa a6comOTHH xpoHondrH'IeelCH rpaHHI(H, nH KaTO AMHaH Mapl(eJIHH (XX, 8, 13) name, 'Ie no BpeMeTO aa HMnepaTOp IOJIHaH Be'le HMa MHoro repMaHIUI B Y'IHJIHIl(aTa sa CBo60]lHH scholae, xoero oaaasasa, 'Ie Te ca HaBne3JIH B 06I1(eCTBeHHlI lICHBOT Ha HMnepHIiTa OIl(e OT nspsare rOTCICH Hanll)l;eHHII B ICpali aa III B. H. e.

B npceHeTo aa B'b3MOllCHO HaH-TO'lHaTa JlaTHpOBlCa asropare aa ICHHraTa sa CHnHCTpeHClCaTa rpofiaana npaBHJIHO ce HaCO'lBaT IC'bM aHaJIH3a na OT]lenHH ]leTaiiJIH. T03H MeTO]l e npenonpenenea OT JIHnCaTa aa apxeonora'1eeICH HHReHTap npa OTICpHBaHeTO aa naMeTHHlCa. A06pa HH4lopMaIUlIi nasar npH'IeeICHTe. Bese 6e 1C0MeHTHpaHa eaaa OT TAX, HO H OT npyrare MoraT zta ce H3Be]laT xpOHOnOrH'IeeICH onopHH TO'lICH. Enaara e npasecxara HR npHCJIYlICHHl(aTa C roaneraara ICYTHII, 1C0liTO e OT THlIa "Scheitelzopf' (IIJIHTlCa, aaaara aa TeMeTO), B'bBe]leHa B MO]la B cpenara sa III B. H. e., aoceaa H OT HMnepaTpHl(a EJIeHa (YM. IC'bM 329r.), HO OTHOBO B'bpHaTa B xpas aa IVB. H aoceaa aanpmsep OT EJIHII cIlJIal(HJla, lICeHaTa aa TeO]lOCHH 1'4. TOBa oaaaxasa, 'Ie xpoHOJIOrH'IeeICHTe paMICH, B KOHTO ce BMeCTBa T03H THn npasecsa, ca ]lOCTa WHPOICH H 6Hxa MornH ]la noarpensr narapossara lCalCTO B 1C0HCTaHTHHoBaTa, TalCa H B TeO]lOCHeBaTa enoxa. H Bee nax 1C0HCTaHTHHOBHlIT nepaon H3rnell(Jla no-nonxonam, nH lCaTO B naMeTHHIUlTe OT TOBa BpeMe HaMHpaMe HaHnO]lXO]lJlII(HTe aaanoraa: npaxecxare aa rocnonapsare OT rpofiaanara B Beurxa HJIH OT M03aHICHTe aa BHJIaTa Ilaana Apssepaaa.

Ilpasecxara aa rocnonaps ce BMeCTBa B no-recea XpOHOJIOrH'IeeICH OTpIl3'b1C - nepHO]la Ha TeTpapXHlITa H KOHCTaHTHHOBOTO uapysaae. Kocara e 1C'bca, ~pMeHa ornpen B'bB 4lopMaTa aa 06'bpHaTa 6YICBa "OMera" «(0). Csmara npaxecxa HMa rocnonapar OT rp06HHQaTa B Betuxa 15. Ha Ta3H Jl'bJIlICHHa aa xocara C'bOTBeTCTBYBa 06HKHOBeHO MHoro xsca 6pa.l{a, a noaaxora 6pa]la B'b06me JIHnCBa16• Ilpenaaaaero aa BelI(JlHTe spea IC'bCH HalCJlOHeHH '1epTH'IKH OTpa3l1Ba npazrnsara B cxynnrypaare noprpera OT nOCO'leHOTO BpeMe17.

Bee ouie ManlCO e 1C0MeHTHpaHa 3a6pll)l;ICaTa aa rocnoaapsara. Til H3rnell(Jla e ]lBOHHa H noxpasa nO'lTH

1 E. Barbier. La signification du cortege represente sur le couvercle du coffret de Projeeta. - Cahiers Archeologiques, 12, 1962,7-33; .n. n. AHMHTPOB, M. qH'IHICOBa. QHT. C'b'l., 62-63.

2 R. J. A. Wilson. Piazza Armerina. London, 1983. 3 10. B 'bn e B a. CQeHaTa Florpetianao yrouieaae B nnOB.l{HBClCaTa rp06HHl(a. - npo6neMH na H3ICYCTBOTO, 1985, !cH. 2, c. 46 CJI.

4 AJI. M HH'IeB, n. F'e o p r ae s. K'bCHOaHTH'IHaTa

H3l(l1nO 1C0caTa. Or enaa crpaaa, 6HXMe MOrJIH ]la HanpaBHM Bp'b3KILC H306pallCeHHlITa aa soanapaaa lICeHH, 'IeCTO cpemaaa B naMeTHHIUlTe OT CHPRJI H Eraner, H na npaBHM ]lOra]llCH 3,a eraasecxara rrpHHa.l{JIelICHOCT aa rocnoztapsara, Ho.i; OT npyra crpaaa, IC'bM 400 r. lCalCTO OT6eJIII3BaT HRICOH aBTopH, lICeHHTe 3anO'lBaT ]la nOlCpHBaT ICOCHTe CH H3l(J1J10 C nHICH manose-aafipaasa. B VI B. Ta3H MO]la ce aanara cpen nOpl(OBHTe ]laMH: no HaWH ]lHH e ]lOCTHrHan e.l{HH C'bB'bpWeH noprper OT KOHCTaHTHHOnOJI OT rrspsara 'IeTB'bpT aa VI B., ]lHee B MeTpOnOJIHTeH MY3eYMI8-lCocaTa aa lICeHaTa e 06xBaaara H3l(J1J10 OT nsa T'bHICH soana, lCaTO Ha'lHH'bT aa 3a6pallC]laHe ce ]l06nHlICaBa 3Ha'lHTeJIHO no H306pallCeHHeTO B CHJIHCTpeHClCaTa rpooaana. T03H 4laICT He HH naaa MHoro rOJIJlMa CHrypHOCT, HO none OTHOBO HH ]l06nHlICaBa ]l0 ropaara rpanana aa IV B.

B 3aKJIIO'IeHHe MOllCe na ce lCallCe, 'Ie npo6neM'bT aa narapaaero aa CHJIHCTpeHCICHTe CTeHonHCH B'bpBH IC'bM CBoeTO H3l1CHIiBaHe. 3a TOBa nonpaaecoxa HaH-HoBHTe H3CJIe]lBaHHlI aa ]lpyrH BallCHH, H ]lOpH OCHOBHH naMeTHHIUI, lCaTO M03aHICHTe OT Ilaana ApMepHHa HJIH CTeHOnacaaare rp06HHIUI B IOrOCJIaBHlI, HaMepeHH npe.l{HMHO no JIHMeca, HJIH 1C0B'IellCeTO aa Flpokexra. HMeHHO IC'bM TIiX Tpll6Ba na 6'b]laT npHC'be.l{HHeHH CHJIHCTpeHCICHTe CTeHonHCH, a He IC'bM TeO]lOCHeBHII MHCOPHH, ICOHTO e THnH'IeH 06pa3el( aa TeO]lOCHeBHII CTHJI C HerOBOTO HOBO OTHoweHHe IC'bM ~pMaTa, IC'bM lIJIaCTH'IHOTO aarpaxnaae, pa3JIH'IHO OT TOBa aa 1C0HCTaHTHHOBHJI "lCJIaCHI(H3'bM". 3aToBa 6HXMe npennosen» naraposxara aa CHJIHCTpeHcsara rpofiaana na ce HaCO'lH IC'bM rrspsara nOJIOBHHa aa IV B. C B'b3MOllCHO YTO'lHIIBaHe B'bB aropara 'IeTB'bpT aa aexa. ny6nHICYBaHeTo aa ]laHHHTe OT pa31C0nICHTe aa aHTH'IHHTe uexponona na CHJIHCTpa me nane ]lOn'bJIHHTenaa H carypaa nonspena aa ]laTHpOBKaTa aa rp06HHl(aTa.

HOBaTa KHHra sa cHnHCTpeHcKHTe CTeHonHCH HMa orne enao rOJlIlMO ]lOCToiiHCTBO - HeHHHlIT 60raT HJIlOCTpaTHBeH MaTepHan, B ICORTO ca BICJlIO'IeHH 20 I(BeTHH H 49 '1epHo-6enH CHHMICH, aanpaseaa OT A. n. AHMHTPOB H KOHcTaHTHH TaH'IeB, H 8 rpa4lH'IHH cxeMH H 'IepTelICH, H3pa60TeHH OT apxaresr Feopra 1iep6ePOB. CHHMICHTe naaar MHoro ]l06pa npenerasa sa PHcYH'b!Ca, 1C0nopHTa H TeXHHlCaTa aa CTeHonHCHTe. HHTepecHH ca cpaaaeaaara aa nO-CTaPH (aarop A. n. AHMHTpOB) H nO-HOBH (aBTOp K. TaH'IeB) CHHMICH, OT ICOHTO ce BHlI(Jla nposeaaara B C'bCTOllHHeTO aa naMeTHHKa (CpB. HJI. 25 H 26). E]lHH nononpotiea KOMeHTap B T03H CMHC'bJI 6H ]lOn'bJIHHJI QeHHHTe ~Torpa~ICH C'bnOCTaBICH. HIIICOH ManlCH rpeWICH ca ce nOllBHJIH seposrao npa npenesarsaaasra aa TeICCTa: HJI. 34 OTpa3l1Ba H306pallCeHHe aa cesepaara, a He aa sanaaaara CTeHa; aa c. 57 e cnosseaar xanores, H3BecTeH lCaTO XHnoreH aa Trebius Justus, a He Gustus, KoeTO npencraansaa rpeumo aanesarana HTanHaHH3HpaIl(a 4lopMa Giusto.

HOBaTa ICHHra sa CHJIHCTpeHclCaTa rpofiaana OHOaaps aa enaa He06xo.l{HMOCT B samara HCTOpH'IeelCa aayxa, TlI He caMO npencrass C'bBpeMeHHOTO C'bCTOllHHe aa H3CJIe]lBaHHlITa B'bpXY CTeHonHCHTe Ha T03H BallCeH IC'bCHOaHTH'IeH naMeTHHIC, HO C'bIl(eBpeMeHHO rH nonynspaaapa spea MHor06pOHHHTe lCa'leCTBeHH ~Torpa4lHH. Tpll6Ba ]la oT6eJIellCHM cneuaanao npaaoca aa CT. H. C. K. H. H. MapHIi qH'IHICOBa, 1C0no e nOJIOllCHJla MHoro YCHJIHlI na OC'bmeeTBH 3aMHC'bJIa aa axaa. A. Fl. AHMHTpOB H spea Ta3H ICHHra na ornane nO'lHT aa HerOBHlI npHHOC B H3Y'IaBaHeTO aa aHTH'IHOTO XY]lOllCeCTBeHO HaCJIe]lCTBO B 6'bJ1rapclCHTe 3eMH.

IOJ1HR B'bJ1EBA

rpoosaua npH OceHOBO. - HHMB XVII, 1982, c.9 CJI.

S S. Djuric. The. Late Antique Painted Tomb from Beska, - 3orpa4l, 16, 1985, 1-18.

6 S. Pel e k ani dis. Gli atTreschi paleocristiani ed i piu antichi mosaici parietali di Salonicco. Ravenna, 1963. 7 R. J. A. Wilson. Op. cit., p, 13sq.

8 Age of Spirituality. Catalogue of the exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 1979, n. 310, p. 330.

55

9 Ibid., p. 270, fig. 32.

lOW I. Do ri g o. Late Roman Painting. London, 1971.

11 C. Ve r d ian i. L.'Ipogeo di Durostorum e pitture nelle Provincie Orientali dell'Impero Romano. Padua, 1946 (UHTHpaHo no IJJI.' ~OPHro).

12 J. BaIty. Paedagogiani-pages, de Rome Ii Byzance. - Rayonnement grec. Hommages Ii Charles Delvoye. Bruxelles, 1982, pI. XXIX, fig. 4.

13 Ibid., passim et p. 312 - K'hM TalH CTaTHli Me HaCO'lH M. lIH'IHKOBa .

. 14 Age of Spirituality. Op. cit., n. 14, p, 21; n. 20,

56

26---27; Spatantike und fnihes Christentum. Ausstellung im Liebieghaus. Museum alter Plastik. Frankfurt am Main, 1984, p. 41 sq., fig. 7, n. 22, 401-402.; n. 54, p. 444; n. 64, p.458.

15 S. Djuric. Op. cit., 15-16 H JIHT.

16 M. Bergmann. Zum romisc~n Portrardes 3.

Jahrhunderts n. Chr. - In: Spatantike und friihes Christentum. Op. cit., fig. 31-32; n. 25, 405-406; n. 32-35, 414--418; Age of Spirituality. Op. cit., fig. 2.

17 Age of Spirituality. Op. cit., n. 272, 292-295.

18 E. Kitzinger. Byzantine Art in the Making.

London, 1977, p. 28-29.

Mexnyaapoziea KOHrpeC B EBpOrra"

OT 15 no 18 OKTOMBPH 1987 r. B'hB Baapeaxo (liTaJIHlI) ce C'bCTOli MelK.llYHapo,ueH xoarpec no np06J1eMHTe aa eHeOJlHTa aa Espona. CsrneapeMeHHO TOBa 6e H 15-oTo aaceaaaae aa KOMHCHliTa no np06J1eMHTe aa eHeOJlHTa B Espona. Opraaasaropa aa xoarpeca 611xa MY3ellT A. K. Bnasx B'hB Baapezoao H 06IQHHaTa B C'hIQHlI rpan, Te CH 611xa nOCTaBHJlH sa sanasa na OC'hlQecTBlIT enaa cpeuia MelK,uy Bo,ueIQHTe npaHCTopHUH aa Eapona H liTaJIHII, aa KOIiTO na 6'h)laT ,uOKJla,uBaHH B cHHTe3HpaHa 410pMa nOCJle,uHHTe nOCTHlKeHHII B H3CJle,uBaHeTO aa eHeOJlHTa aa Espona H na ce aanpaaa omrr sa ,u06J1HlKaBaHe aa CTaHOBHIQaTa no T03H nepHo,u.

B pafiorara aa soarpeca saexa ysacrae Y'leHH OT AHrJlHlI, Ii'hMapHII, r'hpUHII, MP,. licnaHHII, Ilomna, C'hBeTCKHlI C'h103, Yarapas, cl>paHUHlI, cl>pr, lIeXOCJlOBaKHlI, IOrOCJIaBHII H OKOJlO 100 apXeOJl03H OT liTaJIHII.

MHor06pORHHTe ,uOKJla,uH (20 Ha 6pOR) 6l1Xa rpynapaaa no ceKUHH. B paMKHTe aa nspsara ceKUHII "EHeoJlHT na Hsr. Espona H liaJIKaHCKHlI nOJlYOCTpoB" E. H. lIepTbIx (Mocxaa) npe,uCTaBH C'hCTOllHHeTO Ha npOY'IBaHHlITa B'hPXy Tpanoncxara KYJlTypa H cscennare If CTenHH, HOMa,uCKH 06- lQeCTBa OT rana aa XBaJIHHCKaTa xynrypa, Mapaynon, Cpenea cror H np. TOR pasrnena H B'hnpocHTe, CB'hp3aHH C paanpocrpaaeaaero aa IIMHaTa xyrrrypa, H 06'hpHa BHHMaHHe B'hPXY HeC'hCTOllTeJlHOCTTa aa Mo,uHara TeH,ueHUHII BCH'IKH MOrHJlHH norpe6eHHII OT III XHJlII,uOJleTHe B Bapona na 6'h,uaT npanncaaaa aa Ta3H KyJlTypa H ,ua ce npaBIiT H3BO,uH 3a npHC'hCTBHeTO aa HOCHTeJlHTe If. X. Tonoposa H3Heee 0606IQHTeJleH noxnan B'hPXY KaMeHOMe,uHaTa enoxa B Ii'hJlrapas, Ha 410Ha aa 3a6eJlelKHTeJlHHTe Haxo,uKH OT T03H nepHo,u 6l1xa naneaa OCHOBHHTe 06IQecTBeHO-HKoHOMH'IeCKH xapaKTep~CTHKH aa enoxara aa eHeOJlHTa H 6e 06'hpHaTO BHHMaHHe B'hPXY osepraaamara ce HMeHHO npe3 T03H nepHo,u HepaBHoMepHoCT B HHBOTO Ha pa3BHTHe He casco B paMKHTe aa liaJIKaHCKHII nOJlYOCTpOB, HO H II usna Espona. B ,uHCKycHIiTa ·6e noztsepraao C'hIQeeTBeHOTO H30CTaBaHe aa 3ana,uHa Bspona H HTaJIHII npea V XHJI. np. H. e. OT liaJlKaHCKHII nonyocrpos, Bspxy eHeOJlHTa aa IOrOCJlaBHII 6e npencraBeH noxnan OT H. TacH'I H B. Bpyeuep, Ilonxepraao 6e. 'Ie IJ;eHTpaJI-

8 APXCOJlOrHR. 3, 1988 r.

H06aJIKaHCKaTa 30Ha e '1aCT OT Banxaao-sapnarcsara MeTaJIyprH'IeeKanpOBHHUHII. Ha'laJIOTO aa CHCTeMeH no- 6HB aa Me,u TyK ce OTHaCIi K'hM 41a3aTa B2/ C) xyrrrypara BHH'Ia, HO KOJIH'1ecTBOTO Ha MeTaJIa Ha T03H eTan e see OIQe TB'hp,ue orpaaaseao.

B'hB aropara ceKUHlI "EHeoJlHT aa Cpenaa Bapona" ,uoKJIa,uHTeHaH. KaJIHU (Ysrapas), M. Byxsaanes, E. nJleCJIOBa H s. HOBOTHH (lICCP) H .SI. MaxHHK (Ilomua) nanoxa npenCTaBa 3a nOliBaTa H pa3BHTHeTO Ha rrspsare cpenaoeaponeacsa KYJlTYPH, n03HaBaIQH Me,uTa. C ornanesaaaHeTO OT rpaHHUHTe aa liaJIKaHOKapnaTcKaTa MeTaJIyprH'IHa npoBHHUHlI nponaxaaa e,uHO C'hIQecTBeHO H30CTaBaHe B HKOHOMHKaTa Ha KYJITypHTe. TOBa HaMHpa IICHO orpaaeHHe H B naec ynorpefiaaaaara OT apXeOJl03HTe TepMHH0J10rHlI. Taxa aanpHMep KYJ1TYPHHIIT XOPH30HT lIepaoaona III - lia,ueH, 6HBa aarepnpeTHpaH KaTO panna 6pOH30Ba enoxa (B li'hJlrapHII), eHeOJ1HT (Haroxaa Cpenaa Espona), npexonea nepaoa (PyM'hHHII) H K'hCeH HeOJ1HT (3an. Cpenaa Espona H AJ1nHTe). B ,uHCKYCHIiTa 6e 06'hpHaTO BHHMaHHe aa YCJ10lKHeHHlITa, npOH3TH'IaIQH OT Te3H TepMHH0J10rH'IeeKH pa3J1H'IHII, HO He 6l1xa aanpaseaa KOHCTpYKTHBHH npennolKeHHII aa npeononasaaero HM.

B paMKHTe aa TpeTaTa ceKUHII "EHeoJ1HTa aa AJ1nHTe H Ceaepoaanaaaa Espona" 6l1xa H3HeeeHH pe,uHua KOJ1eKTHBHH ,uOKJ1ailH, KOHTO noxasaxa, 'Ie MeTaJIyprHlITa B T03H paiion B'h3HHKBa ensa CJ1e,u 3aHHKBaHeTO ua Banxaao-xapnarcxara MeTaJIyprH'IHa npoBHHUHII, a HMeHHO npea IV XHJl. np. H. e. KYJ1TypaTa cl>HH OT T03H nepaoa e 0c06eHO 60raTa OTK'hM MeTaJIHH H3,ueJ1HlI, HO TlIXHaTa THn0J10rHlI ce pa3J1H'IaBa KOpeHHO OT Ta3H Ha liaJ1KaHO-KapnaTcKaTa MeTaJ1yprH'IHa npoBHHUHII. Boneura MeTaJIHH 410pMH ca KaMaTa, nJ1OCKOTO nnero, o-ranarara BHcYJ1Ka, CnHpaJ10- BH,uHaTa rpHBHa H 3J1aTHaTa Kp'hrJ1a 6YKeJ1Ha nJIaCTHHa.

t{oKJ1a,uHTe OT '1eTB'hpTaTa ceKUHlI 06xBaIQaXa eHeOJ1HTa aa AHrJIHlI, cl>paHUHII H HcnaHHlI. Te noxasaxa, 'Ie eHe0J1HTH3aUHlITa aa HaR-38na,uHaTa nepmpepaa aa Eapona e ezmo OIQe noK'hCHO IIBJ1eHHe. C'hIQHHCKHIIT eHeOJ1HT TyK ce pasrpsuia easa npes aropara n0J10BHHa aa III XHJl. np. H. e., xoraro B'h3HHKBa MOIQHHlIT KYJ1TYpeH XOPH- 30HT aa KYJITypaTa aa KaM6aHOBHA-

Ilpe2Ae{)

"Me,n;HaTa

erroxa

HHTe '1aWH (KaMnaHH4IopMe). Pa3- npOCTpaHeHHeTO aa Ta3H symypa OT npH6aJITHKa ,uo CHUHJ1HlI BC'hIQHOCT 6eJ1eJKH KYJ1MHHaUHlITa Ha eHeOJ1HTa aa 3ana.zuta Espona, KORTO npHKJ1IO'Isa C'hC 3aHHKBaHeTO aa TOBa KyJITYPHO lIBJ1eHHe.

Illecr 0606IQHTeJIHH noxnana 6l1xa nOCBeTeHH aa eHeOJIHTa aa HTaJIHII, KORTO ztarapa C'hIQO TB'hp,ue K'hCHO. liTaJIHaHCKHTe npaHCTopHUH OTHaCliT HerOBOTO Ha'laJIO K'hM spesrero aa paaaara 6poH30Ba enoxa Y Hac. MHor06poRHHTe npOY'IeHH 06eKTH ce HaMHpaT B nemepare, OTHOCHTeJlHO BHCOKO nan MOPCKOTO HHBO, H npenCTaBJ1l1BaT B npeotinanasatnara CH '1aCT rpotiose HJ1H KYJ1TOBH csopsaeHHII. Cpen H3HeceHHTe ,uOKJIa,uH OCO- 6eHO ce orsposeame T03H aa np04l. 6epHa60 Bpea, KoiiTo C'h,u'hplKaWe 06WHpeH CHHTe3 aa pa3BHTHeTO aa CHUHJ1HlI H EOJ1CKHTe OCTpOBH' npea pa3rJ1eJK,uaHHlI nepaon, TOR sacerna H B'hnpOCHTe, CB'hp3aHH C npHC'hCTBHeTO aa naJIecTHHCKH npeceJ1HHUH npea erana Flporoaypara (2400r. np. H. e.) H pa3BHTHeTO aa enaa UHBHJlH3aUHlI OT nporoyptianea THn. HaRrOJ1I1M aarepec npenaseaxaxa C'h06- lQeHHlITa sa MHor06poRHH HOBOOTKpHTH CTeJ1H H ueJ1H MeHrHpHH CHCTeMH B Cap,uHHHlI H HTaJIHII. AHTPOnOMopcllHHTe CTeJ1H TyK e,uH03Ha'iHO ce CB'hp3BaT C KYJ1TypaTa aa 3B'hHueBH.lUIHTe '1aWH H C HIiKOH OT eranare aa KYJ1TypaTa Banea. Te ce OTHaCIiT K'hM rrspaara n0J10BHHa aa II XHJ1. np. H. e. KOMnJIeKCHTe C'h,u'hplKaT KJIaCH'1eeKH ,uOJ1MeHH, norpe6eHHII B KaMeHHH KyTHH C PHCYHKH no CTeHHTe, MOrHJlH C KaMeHHH nJ10IQa,uKH H xpsroae, KaKTO H CKaJIHH rpasiopa, Te HMaT MHoro 061QH '1epTH C no,u06HH C'hOp'hlKeHHII OT reparopasra aa KaBKa3 - B KYJ1TypaTa KeMH-06a. OT ,uOKJ1a,uHTe CTaHa lICHO, 'Ie CTaBa ,uYMa aa e,uHHeH EnponeRcKH XOPH30HT aa aarponosropdiHHTe CTeJ1H, KORTO Ypy,uHO MOlKe na 6'h,ue rrpnrmcaa aa OT,ueJ1eH eTHOCHOCHTeJ1.

B paMKHTe aa xoarpeca 6e ycrpoeHa H Kp'hrJ1a Maca no B'hnpocHTe Ha TepMHH0J10rHlITa H XpOH0J10rHIITa. B'h3npHeTO 6e BCH'IKH )laTHPOBKH no MeTo,ua C'4 zra 6'b)laT KaJIH6pHpaHH, npa KoeTO OT 6'hJlrapcn crpaaa 6e 06'bpHaTO BHHMaHHe B'hPXy Heo6xo.lUIMOCTTa OT KpHTH'IeH nonxon IC'bM Te3H nara, 1I(0 ce OTHaCIi no nOHlITHIIra "Me,uHa enoxa", "XaJIKOJ1HT" H

57

"EHeOJlHT", 6e orfienaaaaa aeofixo,llHMOCTTa OT YTO'lHlIBaHe aa csrrsplKaHHeTO aa Te3H CHHOHHMH B csrnaCHe C H3HCKBaHHlITa aa csapesseanara KYJlTypHa aHTpOnOJlOrHlI H KYJlTYPOJlOrHlI. Flpenaan <jIYH,llaMeHTaJJHOTO 3Ha'leHHe Ha Te3H B'bnpOCH, 6e no,llseprana HYlK,llaTa OT nO-3a,ll'bJI60'leHH MeTO,llOJlOrH'IeeKH pa3pa60TKH B Ta3H 06J1acT.

Hapezt C noxnaznrre OpraHH3aTOpHTe Ha KOHrpeca ,lla,llOXa B'b3MOlKHOCT Ha BCH'IKH apXeOJl03H ,lla Y'IaCTBYBaT B eaaa H3J10lK6a CDC CBOH nOCTepHH Ta6J1a. Han 40 nocrepa 611xa H3J10lKeHH B ornenaa 3aJJa. Ha TliX 611xa nOKa3aHH CDC CHHMKH, PHCYHKH, nnaaose H naarpasra pe3YJI-

TaTHTe OT npOY'IBaHHlITa Ha OCHOBHHTe eHeOJlHTHH 06eKTH B I1TaJlHlI H HliKOH ,llpyrH eBpOneRCKH CTpaHH. Oc06eHo MJla,llOTO nOKOJleHHe apxeoJl03H, KOeTO HliMalIle B'b3MOlKHOCT na Y'IaCTBYBa B pafiorara aa xoarpeca C noxnazta, H3nOJl3YBa MHOrO ycneunto Ta3H <jIopMa aa pafiora, aa na npenCTaBH pe3YJlTaTHTe OT CBOHTe ascnenBaHHlI no e,llHH raspne y6e,llHTeJleH H anesarnaaaui Ha'lHH. Tp1l6Ba na ce nonxeprae H3KJlIO'IHTeJlHaTa nonsa OT Ta3H HOBa <jIopMa aa oaarnenssaae na apXeOJlOrH'IeCKHTe nOCTHlKeHHlI. Ts ,lla,lle B'b3MOlKHOCT aa BCH'IKH Y'IaCTHHQH ,lla ce 3an03HaliT C HaRHOBHTe, Heny6J1HKYBaHH pe3YJlTaTH B 06J1aCTTa aa npOY'IBaHHlITa aa espo-

neRCKHlI eHeOJlHT H na 06C'b,llllT crpararpaoccare npo<jlHJlH H nOKa3aHHTe ITJIaHHMeTpH'IHH naaaa H ,llHarpaMH.

KaTO QlIJlO TPll2.Ba na ce orfenexa, 'Ie npoeeneaasr "B'bB Baapenxo KOHrpee 6e ernro npencraaarenno MelK,llYaaponno MeponpHliTHe C peaJJHH aaY'IHH pe3YJlTaTH. Henocpeneraeaara 06MlIHa na 3HaHHlI H HOBa HH<jIopMaQHlI B'bpxy eztaa 'recen Kp'br OT np06J1eMH (B cnysas enoxara aa eHeOJlHTa) ce oseprasa ,llHec KaTO HaR-pe3YJlTaTHaTa <jI0pMa aa HaY'IHH KOHTaKTH, <jIopMa, KOliTO TJlaCKa oce- 3aeMO aanpea HaY'IHOTO MHCJleHe.

X. TOJJ.OPOBA

B~bXHOBeH H3Cne~OBaTen Ha aHTHqHaTa apXeOnOrH~ B EbnrapH~

(Tlo IIOBO.ll: 70-rO.ll:II1I1HIIHaTa na CT. H. C. I CT. Teodian I1BaHoB)

JJ.a ce rnuue aa CT. H. C. I CT. Teodmn Kp'bCTeB I1BaHoB He e necao. B rrpom.nxeane aa 'IeTHpH neceranerus nerosara MHorOCTpaHHa HaY'IHa H HaY'IHOOpraHH3aQHOHHa ,lleRHOCT e TJlCHO cespsaaa C pa3BHTHeTO na ApXeOJlOrH'IeeKHlI HHCTHTYT C MY3eR npa oAH. TOR e OT OHe3H cneQHaJJHCTH, KOHTO aKTHBHO ce BKJlIO'IBaT B CJle.ll.lleBeTocenTeMBpHRcKOTO npeyCTPORCTBO Ha apXeOJlOrH'IeeKaTa HaYKa B O'bJlrapHJI ouie C nOCT'bnBaHeTO CH na pafiora B I1HcTHTYTa npes 1945 r.

Teodian I1BaHoB e ponea aa 31 IOJlH 1918 r. B CO<jlHlI. Ilpoasxoxna OT pa60THH'IeCKO cesreilcrao. Ilpea 1937 r. saaspuraa KaTO rrspseaeu III M'blKKa rHMHa3HlI B CO<jlHlI. I1HTepeCHTe My K'bM KJlaCH'IeCKaTa ,llpeBHOCT ro HaCO'lBaT K'bM KJlaCH'IeCKa <jIHJlOJlOrHlI B CO<jlHRCKHlI YHHBepcHTeT "KJlHMeHT OXPH,llCKH". TOBa e apeMeTO, xoraro KJlaCH'IeeKaTa <jIHJJOJlOrHJI 6eJlelKH B'bpXOBH nOCTHlKeHHlI H ronsxto 061IleeTBeHO npH3HaHHe. TOR e OT MaJJQHHaTa, KOHTO HMaT macraeTO na 6'b,llaT Y'IeHHQH na TaKHBa 6eJlelKHTH Y'IeHH KaTO npoeecopare Anexcaaasp oaJJa6aHOB, JJ.HMHT'hP JJ.e'leB, Faspaan KaQapOB, aa MJlarurre rorasa BJla,llHMHp Feopraes H OOPHC Tepoa. Taxa TOR HMa B'b3MOlKHOCT na YCBOH HaR-,ll06pHTe nOCTHlKeHHlI aa 6'bJlrapCKaTa KJlaCH'IeCKa lIIKOna OT 30 - 40-Te ronaaa aa HalIlHlI BeK H H3paCHe B nO-HaTaT'blIlHaTa CH .lleRHOCT KaTO e,llHH OT HeRHHTe npaeMHHQH H npozrsnaorrena. T. I1BaHoB He ce aanoeonaaa casro C YHHBepcHTeTCKHTe CH 3HaHHlI. qpe3 KOHKYPC npes 1943 r. cneQHaJJH3Hpa KJIaCHsecxa apxeonoras B'bB BHeHcKHlI YHHsepcarer. Cnezt saespureanero II TOR me ce nOCBeTH aa HaY'IHa H HaY'IHOopraHH3aQHOHHa pafiora B Apxeono-

58

rH'IeCKHlI HHCTHTYT C MyJeR. TaM TOR uie npeMHHe npea BCH'IKH erana aa HaY'IHOTO nonpaute no "CT. H. C. I crenea". 3a H3CJle,llBaHeTO na xepaMHKaTa OT AnOJlOHHlI npes 1968 r. My 6e npacsneno 3BaHHeTO "K. H. H.". Ha 6a3aTa Ha XHJllI,lla rp06a C 60raT H pa3Ho06pa3eH ~orpe6aJJeH HHBeHTap T. I1BaHoB ycna ,lla YCTaHOBH npOH3- XO,lla H npeQH3Hpa ,llaTHpOBKaTa Ha rp'bQKaTa KepaMHKa OT 6'bJlrapcKHTe 3eMH. TOBa aacnensaae e COJlH,llHa 6a3a aa npOY'IBaHHlI C npyra acnexra aa lKHBOTa H xyrrrypara aa 3ana,llHoTO qepHoMopHe. HerOBHTe aarepeCH K'bM KJlaCH'IeeKaTa xynrypa B 6'bJlrapcKHTe 3eMH HMaT CBOHTe nposBH B ome peztana ny6J1HKaQHH aa BalKHH HaXO,llKH OT MyJeHTe B'bB Bapaa H CO<jlHlI, aa TpaKHRCKH MOrHJlHH norpe6eHHlI B Onecoc, AceHOBrpan, c. CKaJlHQa, RM60JlCKO.

C HaY'IHa KOMneTeHTHOCT T. I1BaHOB ce aaessa HaR-Be'le C ascnenaaHeTO na rpaaosere npea pHMCKaTa H paHHOBH3aHTHRCKaTa enoxa B Bsnrapaa. B npozrsnxeaae aa MHoro ronaHH TOR anara CHJlH H 3HaHHlI B apXeOJlOrH'IeeKOTO pa3KonaBaHe Ha Cepnaxa, A6pHTOC, HHKOnOJlHC an I1CTPYM, ECKYC, Fepwaaas. Ilon HerOBO P'bKOBO,llCTBO e pasxpara 3Ha'lHrenaa 'IaCT OT <jIOPYMHHlI KOMITJIeKC aa YJlnHlI ECKYC npa C. Farea: xpaMOBeTe na KalIHTOJlHRCKaTa Tpoaua (Kmarep OnTHMYc MaKcHMYC, lOHoaa H MHHepBa), Fpaxnaacsara 6a3HJlHKa C HlIKOJlKO npeYCTpORCTBa H cpezrea xopaf aa zraa eraxa, KaTO ropaasr eraa ce CDCTOH OT ztae ycnopenaa penaua OT no 25 sapoaaKOBH CT'bJI6a, 'IHHTO B'bTpelIlHH crpaHH HMaT peJle<jlHH H306palKeHHlI aa .Kapaarana". B IOrOH3TO'lHHlI KpaR aa KOMITJIeKCa e pa3KpHT H H3QlIJJO

npOY'IeH xpaxrsr aa <l>0pTYHa OT BpeMeTO aa HMnepaTop KOMO,ll (191-192). B TliCHO C'bTpY,llHH'IeeTBO C apx. 1O. <l>'bPKOB e aanpaseua cnOJlY'IJlHBa peKOHCTPYKQHlI aa QeJlHlI <jI0pYMeH KOMnJleKC. E,llHO OT rOJleMHTe OTKpHTHli B ECKYC H JlH'IHa sacnyra aa T. IIBaHoB e pa3KpHBaHeTO, aarepnperauasra H naraposxara aa nonosa'ra MHorOQBeTHa M03aRKa B ezma rOJlllMa 061IleCTBeHa crpana, B QeHTpanaara 'IaCT aa M03aH'IHOTO naao e H306pa3eHa CQeHa OT HeH3BeeTHa ,ll0 1948r. KOMe,llHlI "AxeRQH" aa npo'IYTHli aTHHCKH KOMHK Meaaaasp (342-291 r. np. H. e.). 110 TaK'bB Ha'lHH ce 060raTH nareparypacro HaCJle,llCTBO aa Meaanzrsp H aa HOBaTa aTH'IeCKa KOMe,llHlI.

C npeKDCBaHHJI OT 1945 zro 1985r.

T. HBaHOB phKOBO~H pa3KOnKHTe B HHKOnOJlHC a~ HCTPYM npa ~. C. HHKlOn, BeJJHKOn.PHOBCKO. OT 000- 6eHO 3Ha'leHHe ca pe3YJlTaTHTe OT

o apXeOJlOrH'IeeKHTe npoY'lBaHHH CJIe~

. 70-Te rO~HH, KOraTO 6ewe H3CJ1e~BaH KOMDJleKC'bT aa aropara: Mara- 3HHH, apeara aa ~CKHH nnoutan, 'ICTHpHTe nopTHUH B HOHHHCKH CTHJI, Fpaxnaacxara 6a3HJ1HKa, 6YJleBTePHOHhT, oneoavr H ~pyrH 06meeTBeHH crpaaa,

Cnopea nHCMeHHTe H3BOPH npea 250-251 r. B OKOJlHOCTHTe aa pHMCKHH KaCTeJJ (no-xscao rpan) A6pHTYC e CTaHaJIO xpsaonpomrruo cpaxeaae M~Y PHMJlHHHTe H HaXJIYJlHTe OT cesep rOTH, KoeTO 3aBhpWHJlO C nopaxeaaero na PHMJlHHHTe. B Hero 3arHHaJIH PHMCKHHT HMnepaTOp TpaHH ):{eUHH H CHHhT My XepeHHH. Fpazrsr ce n.pcewe aa pa3J1H'IHH MeeTa B ~H. CeBepoH3TO'lHa li1>JlrapHH. no BpeMe aa cnaCHTeJlHH paaKonKH BhB Bph3Ka C H3rpalK~aHeTO aa neHHUHJlHHOBHH 3aBO~ Kpaii Pasrpan OTKpHBaHeTO Ha e~HH BapoBHKOB lKepTBeHHK C Jl3THHCKH HMnHC C HMeTO aa xacrena A6pHTYC npea 1954r. n03BOJlH aa T. HBaHOB na JlOKaJlH3Hpa A6pHTYC npa M. Xacaprrsxa, aa I KM H3TO'lHO OT Pa3~. lIeTBhpT BeK nO-KhCHO, aa 1,5 KM OT M. Xacapnsxa 6ewe HaMepeHa MHrnrapaa KOJlOHa C JlaTHHCKH HMnHC, nocserea aa HMnepaTOp c!lHJIHn Apa6 H aa CHHa My nesapa <l>HJlHn (245--247). B Hero aa BTOpH DhT ce cnosseaaaa HMeTO aa A6pHTYC. no TOlH Ha'lHH JlOKaJIH3HpaHeTO My 6ewe nOTBhp~eHO.

Pe3YJlTaTHTe OT MHororO~WHHTe H3CJ1e~BaHHH aa yxpemrrenaara CHCTeMa H TonorpacpHH aa A6pHTYC 6l1Xa 0606meHH B T. I A6pHTYC.

T. HBaHoB anara 3HaHHlITa H HeY~hplKHMaTa CH eaepras aa pasKpHBaHeTO Ha H3TO'lHaTa CTpaHa Ha cpoPYMa aa Cepnasa (COcpHII) npea 1952-1954r. nO-KhCHO Toii nposeana paaeonm H aa PHMCKHII lCaCTeJJ repMaHHH (nO-KhCHO rpan repMaHHH) npa Canapesa 6aHlI, ponao MHCTO aa n1>Jl1C0BO~eua BeJJH3apHii, npes yo-

1136paHH r p yzro ae

I. Ilpaaoc IChM KOPHHTCKHH saoc ua KepaMHICa B Onecoc npea VI B. np. H. e. - HBA):{, VIII, 1951, 77-85.

2. AHTH'IHa lCepaMHlCa OT aexponona. AnOJlOHHJI. Pa31C0nICHTe B HelCponona aa AnOJlOHHII npes 1947-1949r. C., 1963, 65--273.

3. PHMCICa M03aiiICa OT YnnHH EcKYC. C., 1954. 35c. H 22 Ta6J1.

4. HOBOOTICPHTH JlaTHHCD HMUHCH OT YJlnHH EcICYC. - HAH, XXII, 1959, 119-132.

5. A6pHTYC. PHMCICH lCaCTeJJ H pan- I HOBH3aHTHHCICH rpan B ):{OJlHa MH- 3HII. T. I. Tonorpaipas ayspenaTeJlHa CHCTeMa aa A6pHTYC. C., 1980. 253 c. C HJI.

6. Apxeonorasecxa rrpoyxaaaas B Canapesa 6aHH. - HAH, XXI, 1957, 211-232.

7. Pa31C0nICH BhPXY DJlOlUTa aa xoTeJl "liaJIlCaH" B near-spa aa CO-

paBJleHHeTO aa BH3aHTHiicKHH HM- 3apa~H HerOBHTe HaY'IHH nOCTHlKe-

neparop IOCTHHHaH (527-565) H HHH Toii e H36paH sa xnea-xopecnoa-

onpenena THnorpacpcKHH 06xBaT ua ~eHT aa repMaHcKHH apXeOJlOrH'IeeKH

xacrena. HHCTHTYT BhB c!lpr (1974), ~eiiCTBH-

Flpes JlHTOTO aa 1960r. npa cnaca- , renea 'IJIeH aa AbCTPHiiclCHIi apxeonoTeJlHH pa31C0nKH B nearspa aa CaH- "[H'IeeICH HHCTHTYT BhB BHeHa (1975) MHCKH T. HBaROB OTKpH enacsoncxa OH nO'IeTeH 'IJleH aa ApXeOJlOrH'IeeKO-

6a3HJ1HKa C MHOrOUBeTHH nO~OBH TO ~YlKeCTBO B J10R~OH (1975).

M03aiiICH, Me~ ICOHTO enaa ChC Y ~OCToeR e C 106HJ1eeH Me~ na AH

CTpoHTeJleH HMnHC C ueHHO C'bnplKa- aa r):{p (Bepnaa).

HHe sa HCTOpHHTa aa rpana OT T. HBaHoB e HooHTeJJ aa pea

paHHOXPHCTHHHclCaTa enoxa. Ha Hero npaBHTeJlCTBeHH op~eHH H aarpana:

ce ~1>JIlKH npoY'IBaHeTO aa CBeTHJlH- Toii e nO'IeTeH rpalK~aHHH aa BeJIHICO

utero aa CaJIeHCKHH 60r, H306pa3H- ThPHOBO (1986) H aa Pasrpaa (1987).

BaH KaTO TpalCHiiclCH ICOHHHK. To ce 106HJleiiHaTa rO~HWHHHa aa CT. H.

HaMHpa ceBepoH3TO'lHO OT cesepaara c. I CT. T. HBaHOB e nOBO~ M ce B~

KpenOCTHa CTeHa aa PHMCKHH rpaa HerOBHHT npHHOO B pa3BHTHeTO aa

npa CaR~aHCKH. rpsnxara, TpalCHiiclCaTa H pHMClCa

npocp. HBaHOB ce BICJlIO'IBa B apXeOJlOrHH B li1>JlrapHH. ABTOp e aa

opraaasapaaero aa rrspsare Me~- nosese OT 100 HaY'IHH Tpy~a, MOHO-

aaponsa apxeonorasecxa pa3KOnICH rpacpHH, CTY~H, CTaTHH H HaY'lHH

aa ):{OJlHOJzyHaBCKHH JlHMee aa TepH- C'b06meHHH, ny6J1HKYBaHH B 61>J1-

TOpHJlTa aa H P li1>JlrapHH. OT 1958 rapcea H 'IY~H H3~aHHH, aa nOBe'le

no 1968r. aa Hero e nosepeuo OT 200 HaY'IHOnonYJllIpHH CTaTHH aa

phKOBO~CTBOTO aa 6hJlrapO-H3TO'lHO- npecara H p~OTO H ~p.

repseaacsa npoY'IBaHHH aa PHMCICHH H Masap OT HJllCOJIICO rO~HH T.

paHHOBH3aHTHiicKHH KaCTeJJ JhPYc HBaHOB M e neHCHOHep, pa60TH ChC

npa c. KpHBHHa, PyceHCICO. Te ce C'bmOTO yaneseaae H aeasxepnaesra

npesspaaxa B mxona aa nOMOTOBlCa enepras H HHe ce H~BaMe B Haii-

aa BHCOKOICBaJIHCPHUHpaHH MJI~ aa- czopo BpeMe M HH sapanaa C pe3YJI-

y'IHH pa60THHUH OT r):{p, noaesero TaTHTe OT HerOBHTe MHororO~WHH

OT KOHTO eraaaxa KaH~aTH, a H3CJIe~HHJI B EcICyc H HHKOnOJlHC

HHKOH H ~OKTOpH aa HaYKHTe. 0 M HCTPYM.

OT 1975r: T. HBaHoB sere JleXUHH T. HBaHoB e e~H OT 'IJIeHOBeTe

B npHJIOlKHHlI cpaxYJlTeT aa BHcwHH ooHOBaTeJlH aa cn. "ApXeOJlOrHJI"

HHCTHTYT sa H306pa3HTeJlHH H3KYCTBa npes 1959r. H HeeMeHlIeM HerOB

"HHXOJlaii naBJlOBH'I" B COCPHJI no cesperap no 1985 r. C npacsmara My

"AHTH'IHO H3XYCTBO aa 61>J1rapeXHTe npeUH3HOCT H 3HaHHJI TOil: y'laCTBYBa

3CMH". E~HOBpeMeHHO BO~ xype no H KaTO aBTOp, H xaro peaaxrop aa

AHTH'IHa apXeOJIOrHJI B YHHBepeHTeTa "HCTOPHJI aa li1>JlrapHH" I, 1979 r., aa

"KHPHJI H MeTo~Hii" BhB BeJlHXO H3BeCTHJrra aa Apxeonor, HHCTHTyY

ThpHOBO. aa liAH, aa .. EHUHICJlOne~1I aa

Toii e lKeJJaH rOCT B apxeonora- H306paJHTeJlHHTe H3ICYCTBa B li1>Jlfa-

'IeeICHTe cpena aa MHoro HHCTHTYTH H PHH" H MHoro apyra C60PHHUH H

YHHBepeHTeTH B ChBeTCXHJI C'b103, MaTepHaJIH. Toii e OTrOBOpeH penax-

repMaHCKaTa ~eMoxpaTH'IHa peny6- TOp aa "Ta6YJIa HMDepHH pOMaHH".

JlJIta,e.ll.epaJIHa peny6J1HXa Fepssa- no CJlY'laH aerosara 70-rO~WHH-

HHlI; BeJlHx06pHTaHHH, PyMhHHJI, YH- aa HerOBHTe XOJlerH H npHJlTeJJH My

rapas H .Il.p., lCh.ll.eTO H3HaCH JleKUHH sa lKeJJaJIT MHoro CHJlH H anpase aa HOBH

~OCTHlKeHHJlTa na AHTH'IHaTa apxeo- ueHHH TPY.Il.OBe. li1>JlfapeKaTa apxeo-

JlOrHH B li1>JlrapHJI. Y'IaCTBYBa B noraseesa HaYKa ce H~e ome OT

MROlKeCTBO MelKJzyHapO~H 1C0HrpecH, HerOBHTe 3M1>JI60'leHH H3CJIe.ll.BaHHH,

CHMn03HYMH, XOHcpepeHUHH, pa60THH nnon aa MHOrOJleTHa rsopsecea .Il.eii-

C'bBeJUaHHH. HOCT.

CPHJI npea 1952-1953r. - Cepnaxa, T. I. C., 1964, 9-76 (ChC C. li06'1eB).

8. Pa31C0nICH B CaHMHcKH npes 1960r. - HAH, XXXI, 1969, 105--209 (C'bBMeCTHO C ):{. CTOJlHOBa CepacpHMOBa H H. HHKOJlOB).

9. CBeTHJlHmeTO aa TpaxHHCXHJI XOHHB 0EOl: l:AAHNOl: npa CaHMHCKH. - ApXeOJIOrHJI, I, 1984, 1-16.

10. rpMOYCTpoiiCT8OTO Opel PHMClCaTa H IChCHoaHTH'IHaTa enoxa B li1>JlrapHH. - ApXeOJlOrHH, 4, 1967, 10-19.

11. 8o.ll.ooHa6.1l.J1BaHe H XaHaJIH3aUHJI OT pHMcxaTa H XhCHOaHTH'IHaTa enoxa B li1>JlrapHJI. - ApxeonorHJI, 2, 1967, 15-26.

12. Ilpoyaaaaas BhPXY XHDoxaYCTa OT pHMcxaTa H paHHOBH3aHTHHCsara enoxa. - ApXeOJIOrHJI, I,

1971 .. 2~.

13. np06JIeMH aa pa3BHTHeTO aa MaTepHaJIHaTa xYJlTypa H H3XYCTBO B pHMCXHTe ~OBe B li1>JlfapHH (I-IV •. ). - I 1C0urpec aa li1>Jlr. HCT . .Il.-8O, T. I. C., 1972, 357-367.

14. THDorpacpHH H rpMOYCTpOHCTBO aa EcICyc. - ApxeoJIOrHH, I, 1975, 1-14.

15. 06pa3H na KOHCTaHTHH I H CHHOBeTe MY BhPXY JIYXOBH'lHH cpH6YJIH OT li1>JlrapHJI. - ApxeoJlOrHH, 4, 1972, 9-29.

16. rpMCKHJIT DJlOIUM aa HHIConoJlHC M HCTpYM cnopen HOBHTe npOY'lBaHHH. - ApXeOJIOrHH, 2, 1977, 16--30.

17. Bspxy HJlICOH acnerra aa apxaTelCTypaTa aa aropara B HHIConoJlHC M HCTPYM. - Apxeonoras, 3, 1979, 1-12.

18. Tepssorrepanarvr B HHICOnOJIHC

59

an HCTPYM. - ApXeOJlOrHlI, 2, 1980, 1-15.

19. Aedes thensaurorum ffil cIIHJlHnO"non.v=Apxeonoraa, 1-2, 1981, 20-28 (c P. HBaHOB).

20. Kyrrrypa H H3ICYcTBO npes I-III B. - B: HCTOPHli aa li'hJIrapHli. T. I, C., 1979, 328-348.

21. YICpenHTeJlHl!.Ta cHCTeMaBTpaKIIK npea pHMCICaTa enoxa (I-III B.). ~BliC6, 3, 1982, 114-126.

22. TpaICHiicICHTe JeMH npea IV-VIa.

B xaprara "li3TO'leH liJlHPHIC" aa HHICoJlac Caacoa. - BHC6, 5, 1987, 43-{)2.

23. Der Stiidtebau in Ober - und Untermosien und Thrakien in der

Romerzeit und der Spatantike, - Actes du Ier Congres international des etudes balkaniques et sud-est europeennes, T. II. S., 1969, 491-502.

24. Archaologische Forschungen des romischen und friihbyzantinischen Donau - Limes in Bulgarien. -Roman Frontier Studies 1969. Cardiff, 1974, S. 235 sqq.

25. Die letzten Ausgrabungen des romischen und friihbyzantinischen Donau - Limes in der VR Bulgarien. - Actes du XI· Congres international d'etudes sur les

frontieres romaines. Mamaia, 1974, 55-{)9.

26. The Roman Cities of Moesia and Thracia (modern Bulgaria). - Ancient Bulgaria. University of Nottingham 1981:-'Nottinham, 1983. Part II, 129-154.

27 Das Peristylhaus in Mosien und Thrakien. - Eireae, XXII. Praha, 1985, 61-{)9.

28. Architekturschmuck des Forumkomplexes der Colonia Ulpia Oescensium in Untermosien (VR Bulgarien). - Studien zu den Militargrenzen Roms III. Stuttgart, 1986, 498-503.

29. Nicopolis ad Istrum. - Bulgarien Historical Rewiew. Sofia, 2, 1988.

AJI. AHMHTPOBA-MHJIqEBA'

110 noxaaa na KOMHTeTa aa ICyJlTypa OT 14 .IlO 17 anpan 1987r. B Ii"bJlrapHli rOCTYBa npocp. Ilaona Ilenarara. li3BeCTHaTa HTaJIHaHCICa ysena e rnasea .IlHpeICTOp aa MYJeHTe H apXeOJlOrH'IeeICHTe o6eICTH B IOlICHa ETPYPHli (06J1aCT JIaUHo).

Heanoro HMe e CB"bp3aHO C BallCHH H3CJle.llBaHHlI B 06J1aCTTa aa rp1.UICaTa H HTaJIHiicICaTa apxeonoras, Te ca pe3YJlTaT OT MHOrOrO.llHWHHTe it npoY'lBaHHlI B C"bTPY.llHH'IeCTBO C HraJlHaHCICHli apXeOJlOrH'IeeICH HHCTHTyT B ATHHa H C HayqHH eICHnH B CHUHJlHlI H ETPYPHH. OcHoBHHTe it npHHOCH sacsrar ssnpocare aa MHHoiicICaTa xynrypa B"bB «!IeCToc H aHTH'IHaTa yp6aHHcTHICa B"bB BeJlHICa r"bpUHlI (Hascoc, CHpaICY3a, Kassapaaa, TaopMHHa) H ETPYPHli (BeH, BYJl'lH, TapICBHHHlI).

Ilpodi, Ilenarara e H enaa OT Haii.Il06pHTe CneUHaJIHCTICH no apXaH'IHa ICepaMHICa. Ts npoyxaa ICepaMHICaTa OT VIII-VII B. np. H. e., aassepeaa B CHUHJlHlI, H spes Hell H3l1CHliBa peAHua np06J1eMH, CB"bp3aHH C eJlHHCICOTO npHC"bCTBHe B 3ana.llHOTO Cpena-

JeMHOMopHe npes T03H nepaoa, ICaTO e.llHOBpeMeHHO npe.llJlara MHoro TO'lHH .IlaHHH OTHOCHO C"b3.1laBaHeTO H pa3BHTHeTO aa rp"bUICHTe ICOJIOHHH aa OCTpoBa.

r OJleMH ca H HeiiHHTe sacnyra B 06J1aCTTa aa nonsonaara apxeonorHlI. Ta e e.llHH OT Haii-aICTHBHHTe HHHUHaTopH aa H3.1laBaHeTO aa nopeznmara OT CTaTHH, ICOHTO H3J1H3aT JCaTO nparypxa IC'l..M Bollettino d' Arte H ca nOCBeTeHH aa np06J1eMHTe aa noasonaara apxeonoras (MopcICa, esepaa H pesaa).

Ilpodi, Ilenarara nposasaa ronliM anrepec JC"bM HCTOPHICO-XY.llOllCeCTBeHOTO HaCJle.llCTBO aa li'hJIrapH. H OC06eHO JC"bM HeiiHHTe apxeonora'1eeICH naMeTHHUH. HeiiHHlIT rnac H nonspena HMaT peWHTeJIHO 3Ha'leHHe B pa3BHTHeTO aa 6'hJ1rapO-HTaJIHaHCICOTO ICYJlTYPHO C"bTPY.IlHH'IeCTBO, ICOeTO B06naCTTa Ha apXeOJlOrHlITa HMa aese 3.1lpaBH TPa.n.HUHH npa npoY'IBaHeTO aa .IlOJlHO.llYHaBCICHli JlHMee (EcICYC, PaUHapHlI).

Bnesarneaasra, ICOHTO Tli nOJIY'IH OT nocemeaasra CH B cocpHiicICHTe

, -"

MY3eH H 6H6J1HOTeICH, ICaICTO H OT ICpaTICHli CH npecroa B Hecefrsp, it .Ila.n.oxa pe.llHU3 H.IleH 3a pa3BHTHeTo aa B"b3MOllCHH HOBH CPOPMH aa 6'hJ1raPO-HTaJIHaHCICOTO C"bTpY.IlHH'IeeTBO B 06J1aCTTa aa nonsonaara apxeonoras, pecraapanaara aa naMeTHHUHTe, MY3eOJlOrHlITa H 6H6J1HOTe'lHOTO neJlO, ICOHTO Tli cnoneaa C P"bICOBO.llCTBOTO aa KOMHTeTa sa ICYJlTypa, ICaICTO H C ICOJlerHTe CH OT li"bJlrapcICaTa aICa.lleMHlI aa HaYICHTe.

B 3aJIHTe aa ApXeOJlOrH'IeeICHli HHCTHTYT H MY3eii npa liAH npen CneUHaJIHCTH npocp. l1eJlaraTH H3Hece JlelCUHlI 3a pe3YJlTaTHTe OT npOY'IBaHeTO aa .IlBe aacsopo OTICpHTH norpe- 6eHHlI B TapICBHHH. H BYJI'IH (IOlICHa ETPYPHlI) OT V H IV B. np. H. e. B Hell C .IlHan03HTHBH 6l1xa MHoro .Il06pe HJllOCTpHpaHH nOCTHlICeHHlITa aa HraJlHaHCICHli HHCTHTyT 3a pecraBpaUHlI 3a cnaCliBaHeTO H B"b3CTaHOBliBaHeTO aa ICOJleeHHua B MHoro JlOWO C"bCTOllHHe, ICaICTO H aa UBeTHH CTeHonHCH, OTICpHTij B rp06HHUHTe.

M. PEXO

OT 23 Maii .IlO 18 IOnH 1987r. no nOJCaHa aa AliM npH IiAH B aamara crpaaa npetiaaaaame aMepHICaHCICUT Y'IeH npocp. Cnapoc . BpHOHHC. 110 npoasxozt Toil e rp"bIC, ponea B rp. MeMcpHC. OT 1960r. e npooecop no BH3aHTHiicICa H PaHHOTypcICa HCTOpHli B KaJIHcpopHHiicICU YHHBepcHTeT - JIoc AHlICeJIHC. qneH e na AMepHICaHCICaTa aJCa.n.eMHlI na H3ICYCTBaTa H

60

HaYICHTe, aa AMepHICaHCICaTa CPHJlO~a acouaanaa H aa A1Ca.n.eMuTa no cpe.llHOBeICOBHa HCTOpU. li36paH e aa 'IJIeH-ICopeenOH.lleHT aa nearspa no HCJllIMa B HIO AeJlcpH (liH.ll"") H aa ACOUHaUHlITa aa MaICe)l;OHCICH npoyqBaHHlI B COJlYH. I

Cnapoc BPHOHHC e aBTOp aa oceM ny6J1H1CaUHH, 06xaawaIUH ascnenaaHHlI B"bpXY acropasra aa BH3aHTHli H

Eapona. Penana HerOBH TPY.IlOBe ca npeBe.lleHH Ha cppeHCICH, .IlaTcICH H .Ilp. e3HUH. MellCAY TPY.IlOBeTe C Haiironsssa HaY'IHa CTOHHOCT MoraT na ce oT6eJIelICaT:" BH3aHTHli - B"bTpeWHa HCTOpHli H Bp"b3JCH C HCJlllMCICHli CBlIT", "Yna.n."bIC"bT aa eJlHHH3Ma B MaJIa A3HlI H npoueevr aa HCJlllMH3aUHlI OT XI )1;0 XV B.", ICOHTO BePOliTHO me 6"b.lle H3.1la.n.eH CJle.ll npe-

sexnaaero My B bbJlrapHII. ABTOP e H na rOJlIlM 6poii CTY.LJ.HH H HayqHOnOnYJlllpHH CTaTHH.

Ilpoo, Cnapoc BPHOHHC 06HKOJlH HaIUaTa erpaaa C aayxaa uen, KaTO nocera Flepaax, nJlOB.LJ.HB. baqKOBCKHII MaHaCTHp • .LJ.peBHHTe 6bJ1rapcKH CTOJlHUH nJlHCKa H Ilpecnas. Ycnll na ce sanosaae C apxeonoraseceare na-

MeTHHUH aa Bapaa H Hecefisp, KaKTO H C penaua MY3eH B crpaaara, KOHTO My aanpasaxa CHJlHO snesarneaae.

AMepHKaHCKHIIT yqeH HMaIUe Bb3-MOlKHOCT na pa60TH C paHHOCJlaBIIHCKHTe MaTepHaJlH, HaMHpall(H ce B ApXeOJlOrHqeeKHII MY3eii npa bAH H HaUHOHaJIHHII HCTOpHqeCKH MYleii - CO<!lHII.

HJlIl CHMeoHoB npOKono~ MOHemHa IjUpKyAaljWl 6 oHeumume IOl03anaOHU 6bAlapCKU 3eMU npes //-/6. np. H. e.( KaH,llH,llaTCKa nacepTaUHlI). PeueH3eHTH: npod» Benasap BeJlKOB, CT. H. C. I CT. n-p Aop,naHKa IOpYKoBa

Kaanaaarcsara ,nHcepTaUHII C 300 c.

TeKCT e . CbCTaBeHa OT BbBe,neHHe. yeon, ner rnaaa, KaTaJIOr C onacaaae aa 505 MOHeTH. cnHCbK aa HaXO,llKHTe, Cb,nbplKall( 47 onHcaHHII aa CbKPOBHma, 10 KapTH H 13 Ta6JlHUH.

MOHeTHHTe Haxo,nKH OT II-I B. np. H. e. B ,nHeWHHTe IOr03ana,nHH 6bJ1rapcKH 3eMH ca neaen H3BOP sa HCTopHliTa. MOHeTHaTa UHpKyJlaUHII aa nepaona ce xapaxrepaaapa C rOJlIlMO Pa3H006pa3He Ha THnOBe H HOMHHaJIH. B pafiorara ca o6e.LJ.HHeHH OCHOBHHTe Cpe6bPHH H 6POH30BH MOHeToceqeHHII, 3aCTbneHH B reorpa<llcKHII pakoa, TOBa ca MOHeTHTe aa ,nBaMaTa nocnenaa MaKe,nOHCKH nape - Cl>HJlHn V H CHHbT My Flepcea, MOHeTH aa rpanoee H 06JlaCTH, ceseHH no apesee aa TIIXHOTO napysaae, 'rerpaztpaxsnrre aa E3HJlac. TeTpanpaxserre aa nbpBa H Bropa MaKe,nOHCKa 06JlaCT. Te3H aa ATHHa HOB CTHJl. TeTpa,npaXMHTe OT TaCOCKH THn, cpe6bpHHTe MOHeTH aa rp. I1CTHeli aa O-B EB6ell, PHMCKHTe peny6J1HKaHCKH neaapa, ,npaxMHTe aa ,n;HpaXHOH H AnOJlOHHlI aa A,npHaTHqeCKO MOpe, 6POH30BHTe MOHeTH aa rpanosere AM<!IHnOJlHC. Tecanoaax, Ilena, Cl>HJlHnH, 6poH30BHTe MOHeTH aa MaKe,nOHHlI non pHMCKa BJlaCT, aa Mapoaes MaJIbK HOMHHaJI, aa O-B Tacoc H sapaapcxa nonpaaaaas,

OcHOBHO MliCTO aaessa MOHeTHaTa UHpKYJlaUHII H rrpoaarasamara OT Hell HH<!IopMaUHII sa HKOHOMuqecKHII. no-

,n;OqKa I1BaHoBa BJla,nHMHpoaa-Ana n a o aa. Monemu U MOHemua IjUpKyAaljWl 6 np06UHIjUR pOAHa MU3Wl 395--491l. (KaH,llH,llaTCKa.LJ.Hcepranas). PeueH3eHTH: npo<ll. BeJlH- 3ap BeJlKOB. CT.· H. C. I CT. n-p Aop.naHKa IOpYKoBa

,ll;HcepTaUHOHHHlIT Tpy,n ce CheTOH OT 213c. TCKCT H e CbCTaBeH OT YBO,n, qeTHpH rnasa, 3aKJl1OqeHHe. KaTaJIOr aa MOHeTHTe no THnOBe C OnHCaHHe aa 1763 MOHeTH. KaTaJIOr aa KOJleK-

JlHTHqeCKHII H KYJlTypHHII lKHBOT Ha H3CJle,nBaHa 'ra 06JlacT.

,n;HcepTaHTbT aarpaxna CBOHTe Ha6JlIO,neHHII H H3BO,nH Bb3 OCHOBa aa e,nHa MHoro 60raTa H pa3Ho06pa3Ha no BH,nOBOTO CH Cb,nbplKaHHe nosyMeHTaUHII. Heaaare xasecrsa ce H3- pa311BaT B nse HaCOKH: B o6eMHocTTa aa npoyseaas MaTepHaJl H B HaqHHa. no KoiiTO Toii e CHCTeMaTH3HpaH H H3nOJl3YBaH KaTO· HCTOpHqeeKH H3BOp. 25 OT 70-Te MOHeTHH CbKpOBHll(a. npencraseaa B npHJlOlKeHHlI onac, 611xa nocera HeH3BecTHH. MelK,ny TliX ca H 12-Te HaXO,llKH C 6POH30BH MOHeTH. HliKOH OT KOHTO Cb,nbplKaT penaua pe,nKH HJlH MaJIKO n03HaTH napHqHH 3HaUH. Flpoyxeaa H HHTepnpeTHpaHH ca OKOJlO 300 e.LJ.HHHqHH eK3eMnJlllpa. nassepeaa npenasrao npH pa3KonaBaHeTO Ha aHTHqHH HeKpOnOJlH H eMnopHOHH.

bPOH30BHTe MOHeTH OT BpeMeTO aa nOCJle,nHHTe MaKe,nOHCKH ananerena ca TpeTHpaHH Bb3 OCHOBa Ha CBOIlTa p",nKOCT KaTO napHqHH 3HaUH C JlOKaJIHH <!IYHKUHH H OrpaHHqeH apeaJI aa pasrrpocrpaaeaxe. B paMKHTe aa pa3fJlell()l.aHHlI paiiOH asropvr <!IHKcapa 8 HeH3BeeTHH MOHeTHH CbKpOsanta, KOHTO npeumrro 06pa60TBa. cHCTeMaTH3Hpa H KOMeHTHpa. no T03H HaqHH Toii aprYMeHTHpaHO OTXBbPJlIl H,neHTe sa npecraxno-rrponaraH,llHHlI xapaKTCp Ha 6POH30BOTO MaKe,nOHCKO MOHeToceqeHe B aerosaTa nocnenaa <!Ia3a. To e C KOHKpeTHH npaKTuqeeKH <!IYHKUHH - OTCHqaHeTO aa TeKYll(H nnarexaa 3HaUH, KOHTO HaMHpaT ,n06bP npHeM H pasnpocrpaaeaae scpen CbCC,llHHTe aa MasenoHHlI TpaKHiicKH nnesaeaa.

H3nOJl3YBaHHlIT HYMH3MaTHqeH MaTepHaJI nOnbJIBa e,llHa npa3HOTa 3a

THBHHTe MOHeTHH HaXO,llKH C HHTepnperanasra aa 26 csxpoaama, 4 KapTH. 2 cxeMH H XXII Ta6JlHUH C HJlIOCTpaUHH aa MOHeTH H eK33fHH.

,n;HHaMHqHHTe HCTOpHqeeKH npoueCH H Cb6HTHli npes VB. JlCHO nOKa3BaT csmecrseaara pons aa 6aJIKaHCKHTe npOBHHUHH B aeropasra aa H3TOqHOpHMCKaTa HMnepHli. Cpen TliX nearpanno H cpaBHHTeJIHO Bb3JlOBO MliCTO saessana npOBHHUHlI ,n;OJlHa MH3HlI Bropa (MH3HII Bropa), aan KOIlTO

Ilocemeaaero na npod» Cnapoc BPHOHHC B HaIUaTa crpaaa me nonpaaece sa 06MlIHaTa aa aaysea onar H 3aCHJlBaHe B3aHMHHTe Bpb3KH Mell()l.y 6bJ1rapcKHTe H aMepHKaHcKHTe yqeHH

HCTOPHUH H apXeOJl03H.

:;.

JK. B1.JKAPOBA

nepaona II-I B. np. H. e., KOIlTO He e saperacrpapaaa BCe ome no apxeonorHqeCKH rrsr. YCTaHOBeHH ca rpacera'ra aa TbprOBCKHTe H BoeHHHTe nbTHuta, eBeHTYaJIHHTe nasapna cpenauta, <!IHKcHpaHH ca Haii-H3nOJl3YBaHHTe npoxo,nH. KOHTO CBbp3BaT ,nOJlHHHTe aa pexare CTpYMa H MeCTa C Bapaap, Mopaaa H Mapaua.

Ha 6a3aTa na cpaBHeHHII H aHaJIH3 e BbBe,neHO HOBO onpenenenae sa MOHeTOCeqeHeTO aa TaCOCKHII THn. HIIKOH OT cepaare aTHHCKH H HCTHeiiCKH H aa Ilspsa MaKe,nOHCKa 06JlaCT MOHeTH - ljeAe60 60eHH06peMeHHO PUMCKO uonemoceueue, npa KoeTO He ca BaJIH,llHH npasanara H H3HCKBaHHIITa aa rpsuxare MOHeTapHHUH H 3aTOBa nonxonsr KbM HayqHOTO onpe,neJleHHe H 06l1CHeHHe Ha Te3H MOHeTH Tpll6Ba na ce H3MeHH. AHaJlH- 3bT aa OCHOBHHTe esepoamna OT cpe6bPHH MOHeTH nOKa3Ba. qe ca "KOHcepBHpaHH" Haii-nonYJlllpHHTe THnOBe MOHeTH H ca nYCKaHH nepao,nHqHO npa He06xo,nHMOCT 6e3 npOMIIaa aa BbHIUHHII HM BH,n. MOHorpaMH H CHMBOJlH.

OTKPHTH ca HHTepeeHH 6POH30BH eapsapcsa no,npalKaHHlI na MaJ(e,nOHCKH MOHeTH, HeH3BeCTHH nocera, H ca nOCOqeHH eBeHTYaJIHHTe uearpose aa TIIXHOTO npoH3Bo,nCTBO.

,n;HcepTaUHoHHHIIT rpyn aa I1JlIl Ilpoxonoa BbBell()l.a H 06OCHOBaBa CTa6HJlHO HOBa HayqHa npo6JleMaTHKa, Cb3,naBa H3BOPOBH npe.nnOCTaB- . KH sa HOBH H.!leH H Te3H, npaaexna apryMeHTH H ,naHHH aa H311CHliBaHeTO Ha Bb3HHKHaJIH BbnpOCH KbM xapaKTepHCTHKaTa Ha HCTOpHqeeKaTa ,neiiCTBHTeJlHOCT B 3ana.LJ.HOTpaKHiicKHTe 3eMH npea II-I B. np. H. e.

nOCTOllHHO TefHeJla sannaxara OT HaIUeeTBHlI aa aapsapare aa tor, KoeTO 03HaqaBaJIO 3annaxa H 3a cassara CTOJlHua.

B HYMH3MaTHKaTa Cbll(HliT nepaon BCe ouie ce cxsama KaTO BpeMe aa "ThMHHTe" BeKOBe. H no naec nosexero OT naMeTHHUHTe ce pa3rJlellC.LJ.aT H narapar cyMapHo - MOHeTH OT IV-VI B. TOBa e B paapes C ,nHHaMHqHHTe npoueca, C rOJleMHTe npoMeHH. H3BbpIUeHH npes IV. V H VI B ••

61

06CTOii:HO pasrnexnaaa B HCTOPH'IeCKaTa nxreparypa. Onpeneneao MliCTO B npOY'lBaHeTO aa- V B. 3aeMa H3,llHpBaHeTO H CHCTeMaTH3HpaHeTO aa KbCHOPHMCKHTe, MOHeTH, TlIXHOTO KOMnJleKCHO aarepnperapane KaTO H3TO'lHHUH Ha 06HJlHa HH~OpMaUHlI OT HCTOPH'IecKO, nOJlHTH'IecKO H xy,llOlKeCTBeHO CCTeCTBO. Bc1.~HOCT TlIXHOTO pasrnexnane cscraanasa npenMeTa aa ,llHcepTaUHoHHHlI TPY,ll. ABTopKaTa BKJlIO'IBa CBOliTa npofinewaTHKa B onpeneneaa paMKH. TOBa ca YCJlOBHHTe rpaHHUH aa ,lJ.OJlHa MH- 3HlI, K'b,lleTO e paanonoxeaa rscra MpelKa OT BoeHHH cenama, KaCTeJlH H narepa, HYlK,llae~H ce OT nOCTOllHeH npHTOK aa nnarexaa 3HaUH, a UHPKYJlaUHOHHaTa cpena e non BJlHlIHHe aa BCH'IKH rOJleMH BoeHHOnOJlHTH'IeCKH onepauaa. Ts OTpa311Ba H CB'bp3aHHTe C rax HKOHOMH'IecKa KpH3a H paspyxa.

,lJ.HcepTaHTKaTa e H3,llHpHJla, CHCTeMaTH3HpaJJa H npOY'IHJla OKOJlO 7000 MOHeTH. IIpHBelK,llaHeTO B H3- BeCTHOCT aa Ta3H 60raTa HYMH3MaTH'IHa ,llOKYMeHTaUHH e enaa OT Haii:- 3Ha'lHTeJlHHTe npaaoca aa pafiorara, Hapen C MOHeTHHTe C'bKpOBH~a nocoxenara UH~pa BKJlIO'IBa H 3Ha'lHTeJleH 6poii: e,llHHH'IHH eK3eMDJlllpH, HaMepeHH no apesse ua apXeOJlOrH'IecKH paaxonsa aa neceraaa KbCHOaHTH'IHH cernnna H KaCTeJlH, KOHTO norrsnBaT npencraaare, nOJlY'IeHH OT anaJlH3a aa MOHeTHHTe C'bKpOBH~a. K'bM IO-Te H3BecTHH C'bKpOBH~a ,lJ.. Ana,lllKOBa npH6aBli 16 HOBH, KOHTO Tli

KHHrOIIHC

061I1H C'b1fHHeHHlI j(06P06oAbclCaJl, M. B. MHHepaJJbI KOCTHOii: TKaHH (no MaTepHaJJaM npeaHHX norpefeaaa), - In: 3rd Seminar of Petroarchaeology, Plovdiv 1984. Plovdiv, 1984, 16-23.

Jobih, BuoojlCo. III nerpoapxeoJlOWKH cessaaap Y IIJlOB,llHBY (27-30 aarycr 1984).-CTapHHap, 36, 1985, 230----233.

MaTepHaJJH OT rrpaacropaxeceara, aHTH'IHaTa H cpenaoaesoaaa'ra enoxa.

Koeauesa, Teooopa. IIpoY'IBaHHH B'bpXY acropasra aa D'bpBHTe apxeoJlOrH'IecKH paasonsa B IIJIeBeH. - JiI3B. MyJeHTe Cesepoaan. li'bJIrapHlI, 13, 1987, 161-170.

06'1ap06, Iluuumsp. 3a nO-rOJIHMa HaY'IHa B3HCKaTeJIHOCT B rO,llHWHHUHTe aa MyJeHTe B Ii'bJIrapHli. - Bexose, 1988, N!! I, 76-79.

06'1ap06, Tooop. P'hKOBO,llCTBO no apXeOJIOrHlI. 'l. 2. BeJIHKO T'bPHOBO, B'fY "KHPHJJ H MeTo,llHii:". HCTOp. ~K., 1986. 244c. C HJJ.

llap06u1i-lleruUKaH, Maja. HeKH HOBH aCneKTH WHpeHha erejcse H rpsxe KYJIrype aa ueUTpaJJHH Banxaa, -, Crapaaap, 36, 1985, 19--49,

62

JlH'IHO e H3,llHpHJla H npOY'IHJIa. Mex,llY TliX ca II-Te HaXOJlKH, OTKpHTH no apesee aa apXeOJIOrH'IecKH pasxonxa, 'IHeTO saaseaae KaTO HCTOPH'IecKH H3BOP e MHoro rOJIliMO.

YKpHTHTe C'bKpoBH~a oseprasar xpoHOJIOrH'IecKHTe rpaHHUH aa HHKOJIKO HaWeCTBHlI, saceraana OT,lleJIHH paii:oHH na npoBHHUHlITa. B T03H cMYTeH nepaon aapacrsa 3Ha'leHHeTO aa ecTeCTBeHO yxpenenare CeJIH~a, pa3nOJIOlKeHH BCTpaHH OT rOJIeMHTe crpareraxecsn rrsrmna H B KOHTO ca HaMepeHH MOHeTH OT nocnenaara 'IeTB'bpT aa VB. MOHeTHHTe HaXO,llKH xapaxrepaaapar Haii:-3Ha'lHMHTe a,llMHHHCTpaTHBHH H T'bprOBCKH uearpoBe aa npOBHHUHlITa. TaKHBa ca 3-Te C'bKpOBH~a C 06~0 1015 MOHeTH, HaMepeHH npH pa3KonKHTe Ha MapUHaHOnOJI H Onecoc, Bcpea MHoro- 6poHHHTe H3CJle,llBaHH MOHeTH nacepTaHTKaTa pa3KpHBa pe,llKH HJJH HOBH MOHeTHH THnOBe H BapHaHTH, KaKTO H TaKHBa, KOHTO xoparapar ssanpaeMaHHTe nocera CXBa~aHHlI sa oprana- 3aUHlITa aa HliKOH H3TO'lHH MOHeTapHHUH no apessero sa Teonocaa II.

B KaH,llHJlaTCKaTa naceprauas ce 3a6eJIH3Ba C'b~ecTseHo pa3JIH'IHe - B'bBelK,llaHeTO aa HOB TeMaTH'IeH pasnen, CB'bp3aH C npoY'IBaHeTO aa eK3arHHTe. TOBa ca TerJIOBHH eTaJIOHH sa MOHeTHHTe e,llHHHUH H TeXHHTe nonpasneneaas. .Te HMaT TerJIO C'bOTBeTHO aa HOMHHaJJHTe B naneaara MOHeTHa CHCTeMa. EK3arHHTe ca cpasHHTeJlHO PJlJlKO cpemana H HeC'bMHe-

IIpe3 npaacropaxecsara H aHTH'Iaara enoxa. Hasrapa napanena B 6POH30BH 6paJlBH OT 6'bJIrapcKHTe 3eMH.

Xpucmoea, 3. 1I0,ll6paHa 6H6JIHOrpa~HlI aa TpY,llOBeTe aa npodi, BeJIHsap BeJJICOB. - HYMH3MaTHICa, 1988, N!! I, 46-48.

IOpYICo6a, itopoaHICa. B aasesepaeTO aa enaa rO,llHWHHHa [60-rO,llHWHHlI 106HJIeH aa np~. BeJIH3ap Benxos], - HYMH3MaTHKa, 1988, N!! I, 3-5.

Die bulgarische Schwarzmeerkilste im Alterturn. Hg, von Wolfgang Schuller. Konstanz, Universitiitsverlag, 1985. 78p., Abb. (Xenia, 16).

OT npaacropasecxara enoxa no cpe,llHoselCoBHeTo.

Pen.: Burkhard BOttger. - Klio, 69, 1987, No 2, 630----632; Pavel Oliva. - Eirene, 24, 1987, p.122.

Cilingirov, Asen. Bulganen von Altertum bis 1878. Leipzig, Prisma, 1986. 346 p. ill.

npaHCTOpHlI

A6UA06a, JI. B., H. H. Mepneprn, B. C. Tum06, P. B. KamUH'Iap06 U B. MQIIOH06a. Pa60Tbl Bonrapo-Coeerc-

HO cnanar K'bM rpynara aa MOHeTOBH,llHHTe naMeTHHUH. OcHOBHOTO HM npe,llHa3Ha'leHHC-e 6HJIO npoBepKaTa aa Ter JlOTO aa MOHeTHTe, HO C'b~0 raxa Te ca CJIYlKHJJH, H sa H3MepBaHeTO aa npenssera OT ~arOpO./leH MaTePHaJJ. KaTaJJOr'bT aa 57-Te essaraa, KOHTO Ana,lllKOBa npencraas, no 06eMa aa BKJIIO'IeHHlI B Hero MaTepHaJI H no Ha'lHHa Ha HerOBOTO onHcaHHe e rrspsas'r no pona CH B CneUHaJlH3Hpaaara HYMH3MaTH'IHa nareparypa. 3aenao C Ta6JIHUHTe Toil me HMa rOJlHMO npaxraxecso npHJJOlKeHHe sa H,lleHTH~HUHpaHeTO aa elC3arHHTe.

Pa3rJIelK,llaHHlIT HYMH3MaTH'IeH MaTepHaJJ OT nepHO.na 395--491r. HCHO noxaasa, 'Ie CJlOlKHHTe HCTOPH'IecKH npoueca, KOHTO ce H3B'bPWBaJlH B ,lJ.OJIHa MH3HlI, no caoeofipasea Ha'lHH ce OTpa311BaJIH H B CTOICOBO-naPH'IHHTe OTHoweHHlI. AHaJJH3HpaHeTO Ha MOHeTHTe no cenama nasa penana HOBH ./laHHH sa MOHeTHaTa UHpICYJIaUHlI, oxeprasa lICHO nepaonare aa aKTHBHO napH'IHO 06p'b~eHHe, KaKTO H aa HerOBHlI cnaa,

,lJ.HcepTaUHlITa lCaTO UJlJIO ./lOKa3Ba npexoaaaa xapaxrep aa MOHeToce'IeHeTO npes V B. To ace ouie cnensa TPaAHUHHTe aa PHMCKOTO HMnepaTOPCKO MOHeToce'leHe, HO ce npoeapBaT H HOBH TeH,lleHUHH, KOHTO ce ,llOpa3BHBaT B Cpe,llHOBeKOBHOTO BH- 3aHTHHCKO MOHeToce'leHe.

3,lJ.P. XPHCTOBA

KOH 3Kcne,llHUHH [aa "IIJIOCKaTa MOrHJIa" ./l0 c. IOHaUHTe, IIa3apJllKHWKH ospsr]. - Apxeon, OTKpblTHH 1985 rona, 1987, 633-635.

Feuoe, HUKOAaU. IIpeCTHlKHaTa RICOHOMHKa aa XaJIlCOJIHTa. IIo cneaare aa HaH-CTapaTa esponeacxa UHBHJJH- 3aUHlI. - OTe'leCTBO, 1988, N!! 2, 23-25.

Fepeoe, B. Me.llHH HaXOJlKH OT npaHCTOPH'IecKOTO ceJIHWe B M. Pe,llYTHTe npa c. TeJIHW, IIJIeBeHCICH OKP'br. - Apxeonoras, 1987, N!! 4, 44-54.

Fypusa, H. H. 3aBHCHMOCTb KaTeropHii H mnOB lCaMeHHbIX OPYJlHH OT Cblpbll. - In: 3rd Seminar of Petroarchaeology, Plovdiv 1984. Plovdiv, 1984, 176-184.

MaplCe6U'l, B. B. II03.llHe-TpHnOJlbCICHe DJleMeHa CesePHOH MOJI.llaBHH. KHWHHeB, 1984.

Pen.: Xeapaera TO./l0p0Ba. - ApXeOJIOrHlI, 1987, N!! 4, 64--65.

Matp(e6ou, JI. r. U E. tt. Pbl6a'lelC.

BYJIlCaHR'IecKHe CTeKJIa B Me30JIHT 3anaAa YCCP. - In: 3rd Seminar of Petroarchaeology, Plovdiv 1984. Plovdiv, 1984, 168-175.

HUKOA06, BacUA. OpHaMeHTaUHll aa paHHoHeoJIHTHaTa pHCYBaHa KepaMH-

xa OT MYJI)laBa [nJIOB)lHBCKa 06- JIacT). - PO)lOnCKH c6.. 6. 1987. 142-152.

Ilanasoea, M. A., A. Ilempasuee u JI. JIa3ap06a. CneKTpOrpacpH'IeCKH H3- C~e)lBaHHR Ha KpeM~'1HH H3)leJIHR OT npaHCTOpH'IecICHTe 06eICTH Casroao)leHe H XOTHHua -r-r- .Bononana". - 113B. Hau. HCTOp. MyleH, 6, 1986, 103-109.

Pei)K06a, A. u K. K&H'le6. IlpensapHTeJIbHlde neTporpacpH'IeclCHe HCCJIe)lOBaHHR lCepaMHICH paHHeHeOJIHTHOrO nocenxa qaB)lap, CocpHHclCoro OICpyra. - In: 3rd Seminar of Petroarchaeology, Plovdiv 1984. Plovdiv, 1984, 313-324.

Ce/lU6aH06a, H. Ii. Meronnxa onpe)leJIeHHR HCTO'lHHICOB ICpeMHR JlJlR apXeOJIOrH'IecICHx naMHTHHICOB. - In: 3rd Seminar of Petro archaeology, Plovdiv 1984. Plovdiv, 1984, 93-102.

CKaKYH. H. H. KpeMHe06pa60TIdsaroutee npOH3BO)lCTBO B snoxy naJIeOMeTaJIJIa DOJIrapHH. - In: 3rd Seminar of Petroarchaeology, Plovdiv 1984. Plovdiv, 1984, 83-92.

Cmauee, Ilemsp H6. KYJITYPHH BP~3ICH H B3aHMOOTHoweHHR, npoaaXO)l, peJIaTHBHa H a6cOJIK>THa xpoHOJIOrHR Ha HeOJIHTHHTe lCyJITYPH B Llearpanaa Cesepaa D~rapHR. - I1HM Bapaa, 23, 1987, 15-29.

Tooopoea, X. KaMeHHO-Me)lHaTa enoxa B D~rapHR (nero XHJlR)lOJIeTHe np. H. e.). c., Hayxa H H3ICYCTBO, 1986. 278 c. C HJI.

Pen.: AJIeICCaH)l'bp DOHeB. - Bexose, 1988, N1 I, 84-88.

me/lUHCKUU, B. E. Hexoropsre oco- 6eHuocTH H3rOTOBJIeHHR H 3<jl<jJeKTHBHOCTb paHHenaJIeOJIHTH'IecICHX opy)lHH H3 pasasrx nopon lCaMHR - In: 3rd Seminar of Petroarchaeology, Plovdiv 1984. Plovdiv, 1984,185-191.

Basckay, E. Prehistoric Flint Mines (exploitation sites) in Hungary and their Role in Raw Material supply. - In: 3rd Seminar of Petroarchaeology, Plovdiv 1984. Plovdiv, 1984,127-145.

Bojadiiev, J. Probleme der absoluten Datierung der priihistorischen Kulturen fiir die Zeitspanne 5000-35OOv. u. Z. - Acta interdisciplinaria archaeologica (Nitra), 4, 1986, 111-122.

Bakonyi, S. Environmental and cultural effects on the faunal assemblages of four large 4th mill. B. C. - In:

Internat. Prehistor. Conference, Szekszard, 1985. Szekszard, 1986, 69-88.

OcTeOJIOfH'IHO H3CJIe)lBaHe aa MaTepHaJIH H OT Bsnrapas (IIoJIHHHua).

Bouzek, Jan. The Aegean, Anatolia and Europe: cultural interrelations in the second millenium B. C. Praha, Academia, 1985. 269 p. ill. + Hi tabl.

Paarnexna H 6~rapclCHTe 3eMH npe3 6poH30BaTa enoxa.

Peu.: Bojcnas Tpfiyxoeah. - CTapaaap, 36, 1985,242-243; Kazimierz Lewartowski. - Archeologia (Wroclaw), 1986, N1 37, 196-197.

Cholakov, N. T .• A. Sultana», N.

Gizdova, K. S. Kunchev, Petrografic Research of Stone Tools from the Late Neolithic Settlement of Kalugerovo, Plovdiv District. - In: 3rd Seminar of Petroarchaeology, Plovdiv 1984. Plovdiv 1984, 376-380.

tochadiiev, S. D. Untersuchungen

des friihen Aneolithikums im Siidwest- rapcxure 3eMH.

lichen Bulgarien. - In: Internat. Makkay, Janos. Early Stamp Seals

Symposium iiber die Lengyel-Kultur, in South-East Europe. Budapest. Aka-

Nove Vozokany 1984. Nitra - Wien. - demiai kiado, 1984. 123 p. ill.

1986. 45-52. Peu.: Detlef W. Miiller. - Zft. f.

Pa3KonICHTe B c. CJIaTHHa. KK>CTeH- Archaologie, 1987. No I. 121-123;

)lHJICICH oxpsr. t:; Ellis. - AJA. 1986. No 3, p. 349.

Dimitrova, E., K. Kunchev, G. Makkay, Janos. Weitere neolithi-

Schwarz-Mackensen et W. Schneider. sche Felidendarstcllungcn aus Sudost-

Neue Erkenntnisse zur Herkunft des europa, - Germania, 66. 1988. No I,

Rohmaterials friihneolithischer Stein- 135 - 143.

beille and Axte in Mitteleuropa. - In: 300MopcpHa nJIaCTHlCa H OT D'bJIra-

3rd Seminar of Petroarchaeology, pHR (rOJIRMO .D.CJI'ICBO. EJIewHHua,

Plovdiv 1984. Plovdiv, 1984, 192- (Bnaroesrpancxo). Kapanoso.

200. Pavuk, L. J. Einige aktuelle Proble-

Dragomir, Jon T. Eneoliticul din me zum Studium der Lengyel-Kultur.

Sud-Estul Romaniei. Aspectul cultural - In: Internat. Symposium iiber die

Stoicani-Aldeni, Bucuresti, Ed. Acad. Lengyel-Kultur, Nove Vozokany 1984.

RSR, 1983. 183p., 38 Abb., 4 pl, (Bibl. Nitra-Wien, 1986, 213-219.

de arheologie, 42). Ilpoaaxoa, XpOHOJIOrHR H repa-

Peu.: Henrieta Todorova. - Ger- TOpHaJIHO paanpocrpaneaae. Haxano

mania, 66, 1988, No I, 185-186. aa eHeOJIHTa B IOrOH3TO'lHa Espona,

Ellis, L. Minerals Used in the BICJIK>'1HTeJIHO D'bJIrapHR (Mapaua,

Industrial Production of Ceramics in Fpancruaaua).

Antiquity. - In: 3rd Seminar of Prichvstal, A. Raw Materials of

Petroarchaeology, Plovdiv 1984. Plov- Chipped Stone Artefacts in Moravia

div, 1984, 300-312. . (Czechoslovakia) and Methods of

Gergova, D. The Thracian-Cauca- their Research. - In: 3rd Seminar of

sian Relations and the Thracian Tribe Petroarchaeology, Plovdiv 1984. Plov-

Trerae. - In: Die Urnenfelderkul- div, 1984, 146-152.

turen Mitteleuropas. Symposium Lib- Prinke, A., D. Majerowicz et J.

lice, 1985. Praha, 1987, 409-420. Skoczylas. Neolithic Import of Stone

Harding, A. F. The Mycenaean and Raw-materials into the Area of Great

Europe. London etc., Academic Press, Poland. - In: 3rd Seminar of Petro-

1984. 334p. ill., 2 pI. archaeology, Plovdiv 1984. Plovdiv,

IOlICHa D~rapHR - nepHcpepHR aa 1984, 214-223.

MHKeHClCaTa UHBHJlH3aUHR. Sandars, N. North and South at the

Pen.: I. Ondi'ejova. - Archeol. End of the Mycenaean Age: Aspects

rozhledy, 1988, No I, p.107. of an Old Problem. - Oxford Journal

Hauptmann, H. Probleme des Chal- of Archaeology, 1983, No I, 43-68.

kolithikums in Griechenland. - In: Bp'b3KHTe MellC)lY ereHCKHR CBU H

Internat. Prehistor. Conference, Szeks- 6aJIKaHCKaTa H )lYHaBClCaTa 06JIaCT

zard 1985. Szekszard, 1986, 19-30. B'b3 OCHOBa aa CXO)lCTBa B MeTaJIYP-

CHHxpoHH3aUHoHHa Ta6JIHua rHRTa H 60HHaTa TeXHHlCa.

Tpos - Erea - DaJIlCaHH. Se!eriades, Michel. Troie I: Mate-

Hdusler, Alexander. XIV. II!terna- riaux pour l'etude des societes du

tionales Symposium iiber das Aneoli- Nord-Est Bgeen au debut du Bronze

thikum und friiheste Bronzezeit in Ancien. Paris, Ed. Recherches sur les

Mitteleuropa (kulturelle und chrono- Civilisations, 1985. 290p., 57 pl., IV

logische Beziehungen), Liblice,20. bis tab., XXIV tabl. (Cahiers, 15).

24. 10. 1986. - Zft. f. Archaoiogie, Pasrnexna MaTepHaJIH H OT 6~-

1987, No 2, 260-262. rapcxare 3eMH (KapaJlOBo).

Y'IaCTHe c )lOICJIa)lH H aa ~rapclCH Peu.: Piotr Taracha. ~ Archeologia

apXeOJI03H. (Wroclaw), 1986, N1 37, 194-196.

Klima, B. Sonderbare Rohstoffe der Sherratt, Andrew. Wool. Wheels

paliiolithischen Steinindustrie aus Pay- and Ploughmarks: Local Development

lov (tSSR). - In: 3rd Seminar of or Outside Introductions in Neolithic

Petroarchaeology, Plovdiv 1984. Plov- Europe?-Bull. of the Inst. of Archa-

div, 1984, 201-213. eology (London), 1986, No 23, 1-15.

Kidezycka-Leciejewiczawa, A. Stone Pasrnexna CTonaHCTBOTO npea aeo-

Implements of the Oldest Linear JIHTa H B 6~rapClCHTe 3eMH.

Communities in South-Western Po- Stojanova, V. et K. Kunchev, Explo-

land. - In: 3rd Seminar of Petroar- ration of the Siliceous Rocks from

chaeology, Plovdiv, 1984. Plovdiv, Izbegli Depozit (Plovdiv District). -

1984, 239-247. In: 3rd Seminar ov Petroarchaeology,

Majerowicz, A .• J. Skoczylas et T. Plovdiv 1984. Plovdiv, 1984, 55-61.

Wislanski. Aus den Studien iiber die Stojanova, V. et K. Kunchev. The

Steindistribution bei den friihneoli- Petrographic Examination of Stone thischen Ackerbautreibenden Gesel- Tools from the Tell Site of Kazanluk. Ischaften auf der Polnischen Tiefe- - In: 3rd Seminar of Petroarchaeobene (am Beispiel des Pyrzyce-und logy, Plovdiv 1984. Plovdiv, 1984,282- Koscian Landes). - In: 3ro Seminar 299.

of Petroarchaeology, Plovdiv 1984. Todorova, H. Die Varna-Kultur an

Plovdiv, 1984, 224-238. der westlichen Schwarzmeerkiiste. -

McGeehan-Llritzis, V. et J. W. In: Internat. Symposium iiber die

Taylor. Yugoslavian Tin Deposits and Lengyel-Kultur, Nove Vozokany

Early Bronze Age Industnes of the 1984. Nitra- Wien, 1986, 281-288.

Aegean. - Oxford Journal of Ar- Pa3KonICHTe B ,lJ;ypaHKYJIalC.

chaeology, 1987, No 3, 287-300. Trinqham, R. Analysis of the Fla-

DpoH30BaTa MeTaJIyprHR H B 61>JI- ked Stone Assemblage from Sitagroi.

63

- In: 3rd Seminar of Petroarchaeology, Plovdiv 1984. Plovdiv, 1984,257- 269.

Voytek, B. The Intensification of Exploitation of Non-Subsistence Resources atSelevac. - In: 3rd Seminar of Petroarchaeology, Plovdiv 1984. Plovdiv, 1984, 270-281.

Wojciechowski, W. Die Rolle der Serpentinitsteinbruche auf dem Berge .. Janska gora" fur die Rohstoffbasis der Tricbterbecherkultur Polens. ~ In: 3rd Seminar of Petroarchaeology, Plovdiv 1984. Plovdiv, 1984,248-256.

AHTH'IHOCT

BacUA~UII, Heo«. PaHHoxpHCTHlIHCKa rpotiaaua KpaH c. Baroao, TOJl- 6YXHHCKH OKp1>r. - HHM Bapaa, 23, 1987, 84-91.

BMK06, Ileemau. reoq,H3H'IHH npoY'lBaHHlI aa aHTH'IHH apXeOJlOrH'IecKH 06eKTH B'LB BeJlHKOnpHoBCKH OKp1>r. - HHM Bapaa, 23, 1987, 65-70.

Fapausanuu, MUAymUII U MUAoje Bacuh. Castrum Pontes. H3BeWTa 0 HCKonaBaHbHMa y 1981 H 1982 ronaHH. - B: 'fiepnancse CBeCKe. 4. Beorpazi, 1987, 71-116, HJI.

,Il;aTHpaH B IV-VI B. HaXO,llKH OT aHTH'IHaTa H cpezraoaexoaaara enoxa, HaMHpaT napanena B HaXO,llKH OT 6'bJ1rapcKHTe JeMH OT cpenaosesoBHeTO.

Fenueea, E6leIlUII. THnOJlOrHlI H narapaae aa paHHopHMcKHTe q,H6YJlH OT IOlKHa li'bJIrapHli. - ApXeOJlOrHlI, 1987, .Ni! 4, 3()-43.

Fueosaiueunu, E. r. IV BcecOI03- HblH cHMn03HYM no ,IlpeBHeH HCTOpHH Flpasepaowopsx, - B,Il;H, 1988, .Ni! I, 247-250.

C'bCTOllJl ce OT 26--30 cerrr, 1985 r.

B rp. QxaJITy60 H BaHH, Fpys, CCP.

C ,Il0KJla,ll,ll aa: B. BeJlKOB ,,<IIpaKHlIIloHTHKa H ee B3aHMOOTHoweHHlI C rpe'lecKHM MHpOM B XII-IV BB. ,Il0 H. J." H aa MHxaHJI Jlaaapos ,,<IIpaKHHUH 3ana,llHOrO Iloara H Tpe'lecKHH MHp. 3KOHOMH'IecKHe H KyJlbTypHble CBlI3H B VII-V BB. ,Il0 H. J .",

Focna, HUKoAac. Bacrapaare B ,Il;aKHlI. - BeKOBe, 1988,.Ni! 1,42---43.

Ilo apXeOJlOrH'IecKH H nHCMeHH ,IlaHHH.

j{peMcu306a-HeA'lUII06a, Ilsemaua.

TeaT1>p'LT B Hasononac an HCTpyM. - Ton, Han. HHCT. nassera. xyrrrypaTa, 4, 1987, 13-24.

Kapaouuumpoea, Kpacuuupa. 3a- 6eJleJKHTeJleH naMeTHHK Ha ManKaTa nJIaCTHKa OT Y JlnHlI EcEYC. - BeICoBe, 1988, .Ni! I, 63---{)6.

<IIparMeHT OT craryapaa rpyna OT q,oH)la aa Han, apXeOJlOrH'IecICH My- 3eH.

Koeaueea, Teooopa. HeofiaaponsaHH naMeTHHUH aa )];HaHa. - ApxeoJlOrHlI, 1987, .Ni! 4, 55---{)Q.

JIa3ap06a, COIIII. TpaKHHcEo B1>Op1>lKeHHe OT I XHJI. up. H. e. B OKp'blKHHlI HCTOPH'IecKH MY3eH - Ilnesea. - H3B. MY3eHTe Cesepoaan. 61>JlrapHlI, 13, 1987, 9--20, 3 n. HJI.

Mapa306, H6all. BeJlepocllOH H XHMepa Ha Yp8ICHii:Cll:HlI Maii:CTOp. - MIlK, 1988, .Ni! I, 33-39.

KaHH'IICa .Ni! 162 OT PoroJeHcICoTO C'LKpOBHIUe.

64

Mapa306, Hean. Boransra, lI3,1leIUa JI'LBHua. KaHH'I1I:8 .Ni! 155 OT Poro- 3eHCKOTO C1>KpOBHwe. - H3KYCTBO, 1988, .Ni! I, c. 34-38, 48.

Mum06a-j{3IColI06a, j{UMumpUlla.

K'LM np06J1eMa sa npOH3X0.ll8 aa paHHoxpHCTHlIHCKHlI 6anTHcTepHH. - Fon, Han. HHCT. nassern, xynrypara, 4, 1987, 3-12.

Ilonoe, j{uMumbp. IlpoY'lB8HHlI B1>PXy ypaKHHCK8Ta penaras. IV. Llapsr H uapcxara BJlaCT. - Fon, CY "KnHMeHT OXPH,IlCKH". HCTOp. q,aK., 78, 1987, 36--91.

Pa6ai)3ICue6, Kocmaou«. BTOPH aaUHOHaneH cHMn03HYM "IloceJlHIUeH lKHBOT B TpaKHlI". - Apxeonoras, 1987, .Ni! 4, 72-73.

OT 6--8 OKT. 1986r. B rp, JiM60Jl. Ce6monOAUC. l: Sum U KyAmypa. C., liAH, 1984. 228c. C HJI. ABT.: ,Il;. II. ,Il;HMHTPOB H np,

Peu.: Niculae Conovici. - ThracoDacica, 8, 1987, .Ni! 1-2, 207-210.

Cmauuee, j{uMumbp. Haxonxa aa lKeJle3HH npenssera OT c. CTaM60JloBO, Pyceacsa OKP1>r. - HHM Bapaa, 23, 1987, 31-34.

,Il;aTHpaHa BIll-IV B.

Taueea, Mapeapuma. ApXeOJlOrH'1ecKH ,IlaHHH sa narapaae aa Poro- 3eHCKOTO-e'bKpOBHlIle. Ilp06J1eMH H CTaHOBHlIla. - ApXeOJlOrHlI, 1987, .Ni! 4, I-II.

if>oA, AAeKcalli)bp. TpaKHHcKH opq,H31>M. [Hacnenaaae], C., YHHB. H3,1l. "KJlHMeHT OXPH,IlCKH", 1986.

Pen.: AHaHH CToHHeB. TpaKHHcKaTa MHTOJlOrHlI H penaras. - qHTaname, 1987, .Ni! 4, c. 22.

Xaoocucaeac, COifiOKAUC. AHTH'IHH naMeTHHUH B KHn1>p. - MIlK, 1988, .Ni! I, c.39.

1.(aIl06, Ilemsp. lh06pa3HTeJlHH nporpasor aa ypaKHHcKoTO H3KYCTBO B paHHHlI eJlHHH31>M. - ApXeOJlOrHlI, 1987, .Ni! 4, 12-30.

1.(bP06, H6a11. Ilpoysaaaaa B HHKOnOJlHC an HCTPYM. 06eKT IlePHCTHJI H q,naHKHpaIUHTe ro YJlHUH. - HHM Bapaa, 23, 1987, 35---40.

Alexandrescu, Petre. Asupra tezaurului de la Rogozen (Bulgaria). - SCIV, 1987, No 3, 233-244, 6 ill.

Benea, Doina. Din istoria militara a Moesiei Superior ~i a Daciei. ClujNapoca, 1983.

Peu.: MHJleHa ,Il;ywaHHh. - CTaPHHap, 36, 1985, c.251.

Biemacka-Lubanska, Malgorzata.

The Roman and Early-Byzantine Fortifications of Lower Moesia and Northern Thrace. Wroclaw etc., 1982. 285p. ill.

Peu.: CepreH Toptiaroa. - ApxeoJlOrHlI, 1987, .Ni! 4, 65---{)8.

Bouzek, Jan et Iva Ondiejova.

Some notes on the relations of the Thracian, Macedonian, Iranian and Scythian arts in the fourth century B. I C. - Eirene, 24, 1987, 67-93.

Diirig, Jose. Les tresors d'orfevrerie I thrace. [An6yM); Roma, Bretschneider, 1987, 8p. ill., 12pl.

Ewigleben, Comella: Toreutik aus Thrakien. Studien zu den Edelmetallgefassen des 5. und 4. Jhsaus Bulgarien. Dissertation. Trier, Univ.

VerI., 1987. ,

Fol, A. Interpretatio Thracica. -;

Journal of Indo-European Studies, II, 1983. No 3---4, 217-230.

Fol,...Aleksandiir, B. Nikolov et R. F.

Hoddinott. The new Thracian treasure from Rogozen, Bulgaria. London, Brit. Museum Pub!., 1986. 64p. ill.,

8p. pl. .

Gabler, D. Differences between imported pottery in the Western and Danubian provinces of the Roman Empire. - Acta Archaeol., 1986, No 1-2, 93-104.

Goceva, Ziatozara et Manfred Oppermann. Monumenta inter Danubiurn et Haemum reperta. 2: Regio oppidi Targoviste, Abrittus et vicina, Sexaginta Prista et vicina, Nicopolis ad Istrum et vicina, Novae. Leiden, E. J. Bri11;]984. XV. 142 p., 79 pI. (Corpus cultus equitis Thracii, II, 2 = EPROER, 74/2).

Peu.: Radislav Hosek, - Eirene, 24, 1987, p.143.

Gold of the Thracian Horsemen. [Karanor aa H3J10lK6a). Montreal, Les Editions de I'homme, 1987. 319p. ill.

H3J1olK6a B Moapean OT 30 MaH ,Il0 4 OKTOMBPH 1987r.

Henning, Joachim. Eisenverarbeitungswerkstiitte im unteren Donaugebiet zwischen Spiitantike und Friihmittelalter. - Zft. f. Archiiologie, 1987, No 1, 59--73.

Ivanov, Teofil. Die Peristylhaus in Mosien und Thrakien. - Eirene, 22, 1985, 61---{)9.

Mihailov, G. Some Problems of Thracian Mythology and Religion. -Journal ov Indo-European Studies, 11, 1983, No 3---4, 241-248.

Novae - Sektor Zachodni 1984 .

Sprawozdanie tymezasowe z wykopalisk ekspedycji archeologicznej Uniw. im. Ad. Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. Oprac.: Stefan Parnicki-Pudelko, A. Biernacki, Zd. Schramm; red. Stefan Parnicki-Pudelko; aneksy: I. st Parnicki-Pudelko, Ambona; II. Zd. Schramm, Zwierzece szczatki kostne. - Archeologia (Wroclaw), 1986, No 37, 131-158.

. Soultov, Bogdan. Ceramic production on the territory of Nicopolis ad Istrum (lIod_IVth century). S., 1985. 132 p., 52 tabl. (Terra antiqua balcanica, l=ro,ll. CY. H<II, 72/2, 1985).

Peu.: MHJlyTHH Fapamaaaa. - Crapaaap, 37, 1986, 228-232.

Vasic, Rastko. Prilog proueavanju lucnih fibula sa pravougaonom nogom na Balkanu. - Arheo!. vestnik, 38, 1987, 41---{)8.

<IIH6yJIH OT Cesepoaananaa 6'bJ1- rapaa (BeJlH H3BOP, KPHBO,llOJl, AJlTHMHP, rOpHH B8)lHH, JIIOTH6po,ll, ,Il;eBeTaICH, Ipanen),

Velkov, Velizar. AlexanderderGrosse und Thracien. - In: Zu Alexander der Grosse. Festschrift G. Wirth zum 60. Geburtstag. I. Amsterdam, 1988, 257-269.

Ilo apxeOJlOTH'IecKH, enHrpa~H H HyMH3MaTH'lHH ,IlaHHH.

Velkov, V. Ancient Settlements in Thrace. - Journal of Indo-European Studies, 11, 1983, No 3---4,194-216.

Venedlkov, I. Thracian Art. - Journal of Indo-European Studies, II, 1983, No 3---4, 249-262.

Cpe.lJ;HOBeKOBHe

A AaOJIC06. PUM'IO. Cpe.QHoBeKoBaa xpenocr B MHHepaJlHH 6aHH (X-XI B.). - B: Cpe.QHOBeKOBHHIIT 3aM'bK B 6'bJIrapcKHTe 3CMH XII-XIV BeK (C6. ,noKJ1a.QH). Conor, 1987, 60--65.

Asexcuee, Dopoall. clleo.QaJ1HHIIT aaM'bK H nsopetrsr aa 6'bJIrapcKHTe nape aa Llapeseu B'bB BeJ1HKO T'bPHOBO. - B: Cpe,nHOBeKOBHHIIT 3aM'bK B 6'bJIrapcsare 3eMH XII-XIV BeK (C6. .QOKJ1MH). Conor, 1987, 36--40.

Anmonoea, Bepa. L1.HTa,neJ1aTa B WYMeHCKaTa KpenOCT. - B: CpenHOBeKoBHHIIT 3aM'bK B 6'bJIrapcKHTe 3eMH XII-XIV BeIC (C6. .QoKJ1a,nH). Conor, 1987, 25-29.

Aumouoea, Bepa. WYMeHcKaTa xpenOCT npea paaaoro cpennoaexoaae VII-X B. (061U 0630p). - I1HM Bapaa, 23, 1987, 55--63.

Acnapyxoe, MUAKO. CpenaosexoeHH rpacpHTH B Ceaeposanaaaa D'bJ1rapas, C., 1984. 314c. (Hsrrepnacn, H3CJ1., 11-12).

Peu.: Bornaa HHK0J10B H Apa Maproc. - 113B. MY3CIfTe Ceseposan. li'bJIrapHII, 13, 1987, 171-178.

Amauacoe, Feopeu. Cpe.QHOBeKOBHIf KOCTIJH H3,neJ1HII OT Canacrpa, - I1HM Bapaa, 23, 1987, 101-114.

DOllOJICUe6. Cmedia». OrJ1H'IHTeJ1HH 6eJ1e3H Ha 6'bJIrapclCaTa U'bpKOBHa apxarexrypa npea, XV-XVIII B. - Apxarexrypa - TeopHII, HCTOpHII, I, 1987, 29--41.

Bepuep, DoaxuM. Florpedanaara HaXO,LlKa OT Manas Flepeuraensaaa H .Kyfipar - xaa Ha 6'bJIrapHTe. Ilpes. OT HeM. MHXaHJ1 MaTJ1HeB. C., DAH, 1988. 58 c. C HJ1., K., 16 J1. HJ1.

BM06. BMO. "lia6a BH,Lla" - 3aM'bK aa BJ1a,neTeJ1HTe aa cpenaoseKOBHHlI Ii,nHH. - B: Cpe.QHOBeKOBHHlIT 3aM'bK B 6'bJIrapcKHTe 3eMH XII-XIV BeK (C6. .QoKJ1a.QH). Conor, 1987, 47-57.

BM06. BMO. Ce,naJ1HlUeTO H 'repaTOPHaJlHHlIT 06xBaT aa Ii.QHHClCaTa 06J1aCT OT cpenara aa IX .QO Ha'laJIOTO na XI BeK. - 113B. MY3eHTe Ceseposan. D'bJIrapHlI, 13, 1987, 21-47, 6J1. HJ1.

Ilo J~HC,MeHH_H apxeorrorasecsa .QaHHH.

rU3006a. Heoll/IKa. L1.enHHa - pononcxa TB'bp.QHHa. - B: CpenaoseKOBHHIIT 3aM'bK B 6'bJIrapclCHTe 3eMH XII-XIV B. (C6. ,nOKJ1MH). Conor, 1987, 7(}-75.

pJlCaM606. H6aH. CpenaoeexosaaTa - KpenOCT "AHeBo zane" ICpaH ConOT. K'bM npo6J1eMa aa cpemroaexoaHHII rpan KonCHC. - B: Cpenaose- 1C0BHHlIT 3aM'bK B 6'bJ1rapcKHTe 3eMH XII-XIV B. (C6. ,noICJ1MH). Conor, 1987, 9-16.

pJlCyp06a, AKCUIIUIl. Xy,no)l(ecTBeHH T'blCaHH XVII-XIX BeK OT KOJ1eKUHHTe aa MY3CHTe aa MOCICOBCICHII KpeM'bJI. - llpoM. ecTeTHKa. ,QeKop. H3ICYCTBO, 1987, N.! 3, 40--42.

pUMump06. ll06AUII. K'bM ssnpoca sa cpeO.QaJlHHlI 3aM'b1C B 6'bJ1rapcKHTe 3CMH npes XII-XIV B. - B: CpenaoBeKOBHHlIT 3aM'blC B 6'bJ1rapcICHTe- seMH XII-XIV BeK (C6. ,noICJ1MH). Conor, 1987, 91-94.

9 ApXe0J10rHII, 3, 1988 r.

PUMump06, Xpucmo. AYJ1HTe

Ha paHHocpe.QHoBeKoBHa li'bJIrapHIi (VII-IX B.). - I1llp, 1985, N.! z.. 48--65.

Peu.: CTaHHCJ1aB CTaHHJ10B. Ouie sa aYJ1HTe B paaaocpeztaoaeeoeaa li'bJ1rapHIi. - Hflp, 1988, H1 2, 88-90.

PUMump06. Xpucmo. Orrosop aa CTaHHCJ1aB CTaHHJ10B [no peuemapanara My ny6J1HlCaUHII "AYJ1HTe aa cpe,nHOBeKOBHa 1i'bJ1rapHIi VII-IX B.]. -l1llp, 1988, N.! 2, 9(}-92.

pUMump06a, Ilopa. Ilapeoeara xyJ1a B KIOCTeH.QHJ1. - Fon, Han, HHCT. nassera. KYJ1TypaTa, 4, 1987, 33--42.

Iluuoea, Buonema. 3aM'bK'bT B cpeaHOBeKOBHHII rpaa l{epBeH. - B:

Cpe,nHoBeKoBHHIIT 3aM'bK B 6'bJIrapCKHTe 3eMH XII-XIV BeK. (C6. ,nOKJ1a,nH). Conor, 1987, 29-35.

po6pe6. Ilemsp Il. CTOnaHCKaTa xynrypa aa npafisnrapare, [Moaorp.], C., IiAH, 1986.

Peu.: BaCHJ1 MapHHoB. I1HTepecHo H3CJ1e,nBaHe Ha npa6'bJIrapcKHII CTOnaHCKH )l(HBOT. -I1KoH. MHC'bJI, 1987, N.! 3, 108-109.

pOII'le6a-[JemK06a, Jboouusa. Me)l(nyaaponea CHMn03HYM no CJ1aBIIHCKa apXe0J10rHlI. - ApXe0J10rHII; 1987, .!II!! 4, 74--75.

OT 30 cerrr, no 4 OKT. 1986r. B rp, Ilpanen, IOrOCJ1aBHII.

Ilonueea-Ilemsoea, JllodMUlla. CeJ1HlUe OT apesaero na ll'bPBOTO 6'bJ1- rapcxo uaPCTBO npa c. O,n'bPUH, T0J16YXHHCKH OKP'br. - B: 360PHHK, nOCBeTeH . na 1i0lUKO lia6HK 1924--1984. Ilpanen, 1986, 165-168.

Iloueea, Baseumuna. ApXHTeICTYPHHlIT 06pa3 aa 3aM'bKa "AHeBCKo xarre'', - B: Cpe.QHOBeKOBHHIIT 3aM'bK B 6'bJ1rapcKHTe 3CMH XII-XIV BeK (C6. ,nOKJ1MH). Conor, 1987, 16--22.

Domo6, Banepu. KepaMH'IeH aMyJ1eT OT paaaocpenaoeesoeaoro ceJ1Hute npa c. Tonona, T0J16YXHHCKH OKP'br. - I1HM Bapaa, 23, 1987, 99-101.

KAUCYP06, CmeifjaH. Jhorana - npesea rpan-spenocr H Cpe.QHOBeKOBaa enHCKonHII. - ,QyxoBHa ICYJ1T., 1987, N.! 6, 27-32, 3 K.

MUA'Ie6, Amauac. He CH H3MHCJ1I1H're ceH3aUHII. - OTe'leCTBO, 1988, N.! 5, c.14.

OTHOCHO XHnOTe3aTa aa Ilasen Feoprnes, H3J10)l(eHa B "rp06'bT aa ICHlI3a-CBeTeu", en, "Ore'leCTBO", 1987, H1 22.

MUA'Ie6, Amanac. Cpe,nHOBeICOBHH 6'bJ1rapcKH KpenOCTH, cpeO,naJIHH saM'bUH, B cesepaare CICJ10HOBe aa L1.eHTpaJIHa Crapa nJ1aHHHa npea XII-XIV B. - B: CpemrosexoaHHJlT 3aMl>K B 6'bJ1rapcKHTe 3CMH XII-XIV BeK (C6. ,nolCJ1MH). Conor, 1987, 76--91.

MuxaUA06, Cmaueu. ,QOU'bJIHHTeJ1- HH npoy'lBallHlI aa rpHICOHXaJlHaTa rrspxaa B Kl>p.Ll)l(aJ1H. -Po,nonCICH c6., 6, 1987, '105-132.

Mopeea, Pocuua. clleo.LlaJlHHlIT saM'b1C aa Aceaoaa KpenOCT. - B:

Cpe.nuoBelCoBHHIIT 3aM'b1C B 6'bJIrapCKHTe 3eMH XII-XIV BeIC (C6. .QOKJ1MH). Conor, 1987, 65-70.

Myusauoe, HUKOAa. TpMHUHII H HOBaTopCTBo B apXUTeKTypHO-II:OM-

n03HUHOHHHlI 3aMHC'bJI aa CD60pHaTa uspxaa B PHJ1CKHII MaHaCTHp. ~ Fon, Han, HHCT. naseem. KYJ1TypaTa, 4, 1987, 75-92.

Hetueea, Buonema. 3a HIIICOH oco6e. J-IOCTH aa MeJ1HHlUKHTe e,nHoKopa6HH

Ul>pKBH. - BeKOBC, 1988, .!II!! I,

44--52.

Hetueea, BUOAema. clleo.QaJ1HHIIT saMl>1C H oT6paHHTeJ1HaTa CHCTeMa aa MeJ1HHIC npes XIII~XIVB. -8:

Cpe,nHOBeKOBHHIIT 3aM'bK B 6'bJIrapCKHTe 3eMH XII-XIV BeIC (C6 . .QOKJ1MH). Conor, 1987, 44--47.

06'1Up06'. PUMUmbp. li'bJ1rapcKHIIT cpe.QHOBeICOBeH rpan H ssnpocer sa cpeO.QaJlHHII 3aM'bIC. ---, B: Cpe.QHOBeKOBHHIIT 3aM'bK B 6l>J1rapcKHTe 3eMH XII-XIV BeK (C6. .QoKJ1a,nH). Co-.

nOT, 1987, 6--8. .:

06'1ap06. pUMumbp. Ilxmronpaaaa Hay'lHa XHnOTe3a. - Oresecrso, 1988, N.! 5, c. 15.

Xanoresara aa Ilasen Feopraes sa rpofia aa KHlI3 1i0PHC, H3J10llCeHa B ny6J1HlCaUHIITa "rpo6'bT aa KHII3acaeren", err, "OTe'leCTBO", 1987, H1 22.

06'1ap06. HUKoAau. KpenOCTTa-3aMl>K YpBH'I npa c. KOlCaJ1I1He. - B:

Cpe,nHOBeKOBHHIIT 3aMl>K B 6'bJ1rapcKHTe 3eMH XII-XIV BeK (C6. 1l01CJ1ana), Conor; 1987, 57-60.

06'1ap06. HUKoAau. PHcYHKHTe-rpaCPHTH OT "I1MapeT ,nllCaMHII" B llJ10B.QHB KaTO H3BOP sa HCTOpHlITa aa Cpe.QH3CMHoMopHeTo npes XV B. C., IiAH, 1987. 101 c. C HJ1. (Pa3KonKH H npoy'lBaHHlI, 18).

06'1ap06. Tooop p. li'bJIrapcKHIIT Cpe.QHOBeKOBeH rpan H cpeo.LlaJleH saM'bK (13-14B.). - B: CpenaosexosHHlIT laM'bK B 6'bJIrapclCHTe 3eMH XII-XIV sex (C6. ,nolCJ1a.QH). Conor, 1987, 94--99.

Ilucapee, Amanac. 0J10BHH noxnynasera aa TepHaK H 3J1aTeH )l(eTOHaMYJ1eT OT BeJ1HKO T'bPHOBO. - I1HM Bapaa, 23, 1987, 41~.

Ilonoeun, BAaOUCAa6. KYBpaT, Kyaep H Acnapyx. - Crapaaap, 37, 1986, 103-133.

HaXO,LllCaTa OT Manas Ilepeursen'IHHa - CDKpoBHlUe HJ1H norpeeanaa napoae aa npa6'bJIrapclCH BJ1MeTeJ1.

Pausee, Paiuo. Bropa Mell(.LlyNapo.lllaa 1C0HcpepeHUHII no npa6'bJIrapcn apXe0J10rHlI B WYMeH. - ApxeonorHlI, 1987, H1 4, 76--77.

Or 21-23 OICTOMBPH 1986r. CmaH'Ie6. PllMumbp. PaaaocpenaoBeKOBeH aesponon OT c. DaTHH, PyceHCICH OICPl>r. - I1HM Bapaa, 23, 1987, 45-54.

Tomee, TOmKJ. llpecJ1aBCICO 3JIaTHO CDlCpOBHlUe. C., 1983.

Peu.: Paola Korosec, - Arheol. vestnik, 38, 1987, 483--484.

XaIlOJICuUcKU. AllmOlluu. 06HTeJ1H B ClCaJlHTe. C., Cerrresrepa, 1985. l54c.

Pen.: Apa Maproc. - APXeoJ10rHlI, 1987, N.! 4, 68--69.

XaUm06, HUKOAaU, rp06'bT aa BaCHJ1 JIeBCKH. BTOpO OCH. npepa6. H non, H3.Q. llJIOB.QHB, Xp, r. ,QaHoB, 1987. 278c.

B'bB Bp'b3lCa C pa31C0nICHTe aa UDPKsara "CB. Ilerxa CaMap.QllCHHClCa".

Peu.: )l.HMHT'bp Koces. - Hflp, 1987, H1 10, 73-87.

65

lfaHlo8a, HOpOaHKa. J10BeWJCaTa KpenOCT. -; B: Cpe)lHOBeKOBHHIIT 3aM"bK B 6"bJ1rapcKHTe leMH XII-XIV BeK (C6. noxnana). Conor, 1987,

22-25. .

Beeger, D. Dekorationsgesteine und Mineralien in der Architektur und Plastik Sachsens vom II. Jahrhundert bis zur Renaissance. - In: 3rd Seminar of Petroarchaeology, Plovdiv 1984. Plovdiv, 1984, 347-357.

Iatrus-Krivina. Spatantike Befestigung und friihmittelalterliche Siedlung an der unteren Donau. 3: M. Wendel et al. Die mittelalterlichen Siedlungen. Berlin. 1986. 239p. ill., 6 tabl., 83 pl., 3 an. (Schriften zur Geschichte und Kultur der Antike, 17).

Peu.: Radu Popa. - SCIV. 1987, No 2, 197-201.

Kristev, K. Der Humanismus in der bulgarischen Gesellschaft und Kunst des Mittelalters. - In: Dezennium. 3. Dresden, 1986, 79-97.

Majerowicz, A. et J. Skoczylas.

Friihmittelalterliche Steinerzeugnisse aus Wolin (NW Polen). - In: 3rd Seminar of Petroarchaeology, Plovdiv 1984. Plovdiv, 1984, 325-335.

Soultanov, A., N. Cholakov et K.

Kunchev, Sedimentologie Characteristic of the Rocks-Row material for the, "Demir Baba" Monastery (Razgrad District). - In: 3rd Seminar of Petroarchaeology, PIovdiv 1984. Plovdiv, 1984, 358-369.

Stelel, J., J. Stelel et J: Sotak, Stone in the Medieval History of the Drahany Upland (Central Moravia, CSSR). - In: 3rd Seminar of Petroarchaeology, Plovdiv 1984. Plovdiv, 1984, 336-346.

HYMH3MaTHKa

DOJICUII08a, Buonema. Ih06pallCeHHII aa Kopa6 B"bpXy MOHeTH, TyXJJH H KepeMH)lH. - HYMH3MaTHKa, 1988, N! I, 27-30.

DOJICK08, Xpucmo u BeHIIUCAa8 neilK08. OOCJlaHHII OT )laJJe'lHOTO MHHaJlO. [Haysaononyn. "eTHBO aa )lpeBHHTe MOHeTH]. C., oe, 1986.

Pen.: Pyea Pyeaos. - C6"bplCaHH nOCJlaHHlI. - HMnYJlc, N! 25, 30 IOHH 1987; Ii. Pyceaa, 3a rJlaBHOTO MOpanHO H3HCICBaHe IC"bM pafiorara aa BceICH TBopeu. (Pa3MHCJJH B"bpXy .. OocJlaHHll OT )laJJe'lHOTO MHHaJJO"). -;- HYMH3- MaTHlCa, 1988, N! I, 41--46.

D"'l8ap08, H8aH EM. Haxonxa OT )lpaXMH 'Ha HCTpHIi OT c. li"bJlfaplCa, CHJlHCTpeHCICO. - HYMH3MaTHKa, 1988, N! I, 19-24.

Bacusee, Bacus Il. OJlOB88 TellCecT OT J1H3HMaxHII. - HYMH3MaTHKa, 1988, N! I, 7-8.

,aUMumP08, KaMeH u BllaOUMup Ileuue«. AHTH'lHH H cpe)lHOBeKOBHH MOHeTH. C., IiAH, 1984. 161 c. c HJI. (CeBTOnOJlHc. T.2.)

Pen.: Niculae Conovici. - ThracoDacica, 8, 1987, No 1-2, 210-213.

,aUMumP08, KaMeH. ,!J;"bpllCaBaTa aa TpaKHHClCaTa .. csemapcsa" )lHHacTHli H HeiiHHTe 1C0HTaKTH npea paHHoeJIHHHCTH'IecJCaTa enoxa. - HOp, 1987, N! 12, 17-30.

00 HYMH3MaTH'IHH )laHHH. ,aUMump08, KaMeH. XepoH3aIJ,HlI aa TPaKHHCICH ananeren B MOHeTHaTa

66

axoaorpadnss. - Bexose, 1988, N! I, 14-16.

MOHeTIt aa CeBT III.

;'{uH'leB, AlleKcaHObp. IiPOH30B ne-, 'IaT c aaanac OT MapIJ,HaHOnoJl. - "HM Bapaa, 23. 1987. 71-74.

HauOeH08a, &p6uHKa. PHMcICa penJlHKa aa Xepssec ,!J;HOHHCOljJop OT PaUHapHIi. - HYMH3MaTHlCa, 1988, N! 1, 24-27.

00 aHaJJH3 aa MOHeTHH H306palKeHHII.

Ilanasoea, M., A. Ilempasuee u If KaMeH08a. "3CJle)lBaHe aa BH3aHTHHCKH MOHeTH C MeTaJJorpaljJcKH H peHTreHOBH MHlCpocnelCTpaJJHH MeTO)lH. - Fon, Han, HCTOp. MY3eH, 6, 1986, 110-116.

Ilanasoea, M., JI. Feopeueea u A. I Ilempaxuee. Jlaaepea MHICpocneICTpanea aaanaa na BH3aHTHHcICH MOHeTH H HMHTaIJ,HH. - "3B. Hau, HCTOp. MyJeH, 6, 1986, 96--102.

nllaKU008, DOIIH. C JlHlCa aa JIeHHH [MOHeTH).-,!J;Hec H yrpe, 1987, N! 5, c.21.

nllaKU008, DOIIH. Cpe6"bPHOTO MOHeToce'leHe Ha TpaICHHCICHIi BJla)leTeJl MOCTHC. - HYMH3MaTHlCa, 1988, N! I, 37--41.

Pa0e8, BaAeHmUH. CHMBOJI aa aaponaara peny6JIHICa (40 rO)lHHH OT yxpenseaaero aa opnea .. Haponaa peny6J1HlCa li"bJIrapHII"). - HYMH3MaTHlCa, 1988. N! I, 30-37.

Taueea, Maplapuma. TpalCHHclCHTe BJla)leTeJJH H rp"bQICHTe nOJlHCH no ceBePHOTO ereHCICO ICpaH6pellCHe. - HYMH3MaTHKa, 1988, N! 1, 9-19.

00 HYMH3MaTH'IHH )laHHH. (/)ullun08a, (/)uoHepa. KOJlelCTHBHa HaXO)lKa OT PHMCKH HMnepaTopcKH MOHeTH OT c. Beno none, BH/lHHCICH oxpsr, - H3B. MyJeHTe Ceseposan. li"bJIrapHII, 13, 1987, 129-140, 7 JI. HJI.

Barnea, J. Antroponime traco-dace pe sigilii bizantine. - Thraco-Dacica, 8, 1987, No 1-2. 203-206.

Diaconu, Petre. Citeva probleine privitoare la monedele de arama din sudul Dobrogei in ultima treime a sec. XIV. - SCIV, 1987, No 2, 142-158.

Diaconu, Petre. De nouveau Ii propos de Presthlavitza. - SiidQStForschungen, 1987, No 46,279-293.

B"bB Bp"b3Ka C nyoJlHlCaIJ,HHTe 88:

HBaH "AOP)laHOB .. MOJlHB)lOBYJlH aa CTpaTe3H aa Ilpecnaaana OT XB."HYMH3MaTHlCa, 1984. Nil 1,5-1, H aa N. Oikonomides "Presthlavitza, the Little Preslav" - Siidost-Forschungen, 1983, No 42, 1-9.

Bn ar p arp as a

Deweuue8, Becema« OpelKHBeJlHlJ,H aa 3HaICa [y] B PO)lOnHTe. - PO)lODH, 1987, N! 4, 20-24.

C"b)l"bpllCa H JlaHHH OT Haxona ,!J;aMIIHoB no nOBO)l ny6JJHKaIJ,HlITa My OTHOCHO npa6"bJ1rapcIC0 npHC"bCTBHe B ,!J;eBHHcICHIi paHoH.

H8aHo8, PYMeH. ,!J;eBeTH MelKJlYHaponea 1C0arpec no rpsusa H JJaTHHCKa enarpaljJHICa. - BoeHHOHCTOp. c6., 1988, N! 1, 219-220.

KaAOIIH08, CmaHUMup. HaJJDHC"bT B"bpXy 3J1aTHHII npscrea OT ,!J;YBaHJIH. - HYMH3MaTHlCa, 1988, N! I, 5-7.

Mapeoc, Apa. CpeJlHOBelCoBHHClCaJJ-

HH 06HTeJlH no pexa Bena J10M. - "HM Bapaa, 23, 1987, 114-131.

PHCyHKH H Ha,zwHCH-rpaIjJHTH. MUXaUII08, Cmaueu. K"bM T"bJIKYBaHeTO aa CJlOllCHHII 3HaIC IYI H aa aapasa .. Me)lHOTO rXMHo". - "HM Bapsa, 23, 1987, 92--"-98.

Ilauauomoe, HUKOllaU. 3a apafcsoenarpadcxare naMeTHHUH y Hac. - ATeHCT.TpH6YHa, I987,N! 2,15-23.

TOM08a-repacUM08a, BaCU/lKa . .l1.Ba apXeOJlOrH'IecKH naMeTHHKa B "3TO'lHHTe PO)lOnH. - PO)lOnCICH c6., 6, 1987, 133-141.

CTapOrp"bQICH nOCBeTHTeJleH nannHC OT Kpyssosrpan H OJlOBHa aMnyna OT cpe)lHOBeICOBHaTa KpenOCT nan c. Hepnepex, K"bPJlllCaJJHiicKH oxpsr.

XapallaM6ue8a, AHHa U Becesun H8aH08. HOBOOTICPHTH naMeTHHIJ,H aa TpalCHHcKHII 60r-KoHHHIC OT BapaenCKH oxpsr. - HHM Bapaa, 23, 1987, 74-84.

.l1.Ba)leceT H ner 06PO'lHH nasserHHlCa OT MY3eHHHTe c6HPKH B rp. OpoBa)lH1I H cenara MaHaCTHp H 1.IeplCoBHa, HIIICOH OT TliX C Ha)lnHCH.

Djuric, V. et A. Tsitouridou. Namentragende Inschriften auf Fresken und Mosaiken der Balkanhalbinsel vom 7. bis zum 13. Jahrhundert. [So I.]. 1986. XV. 91 p.

Doritiu-Boila, Emilia. Legati provinciilor de la Dunarea de Jos ~i statutul Moesiei Superioare in timpul razboaielor marcomannice. - SCIV, 1987, No 2, I IS-l25.

00 enarpaljJCJCH MaTepHaJJH.

Futic, B. Glagoljski natpisi. Zagreb, 1982. 420p.

Kolendo, Jerzy. Le lingot de plomb trouve Ii Novae et ses inscriptions. - Archeologia (Wroclaw), 1986, No 37, 87-98.

Margos, Ara. Eine mittelalterliche armenische Inschrift aus der Festung Cerven. - Bana, e3H1C03H., 1987, N! 4, 255 - 256.

Mihailov, Georgi. Epigraphica et linguistica. - liaJJK. e3HK03H., 1987, N! 4, 259-262.

Mihailov, Georgi. Epigraphica et onomastica. (Observations sur les rapports ethno-culturels dans I'aire balkano-micrasiatique), - Etud. balk., 1987, No 4, 89-111.

Mys e an o zre n o H KOHcepBa~HJI

AmaHaC08, Amauac. Koacepea- 1J,H0HHo-pecT8BpaIJ,HOHHH H JlPyrH npo6J1eMH aa CTeHOnHCHTe B lTI>PICBaTa .. CB. Ifersp H OaBeJJ" B CBHlI{OB. - Fon, Han, HHCT. naMeTH. KyJITypaTa, 4, 1987, 135-142.

,aoii'lUH08, CmerfjaH. BJlHIIHHe aa MeTeopoJlOrH'IHaTa 06cTaHoBlCa B"bPxy HHBOTO na 3aM"bpcHTeJJHTe aa B"b3JlYxa ,B Bosacsara 'IepICBa H B xepeaara "CB. Ilersa CaMapJlllCHHcsa". - Ton, Han, HHCT. nasrera, ICYJJTYpaTa, 4, 1987, 165-172.

KaMeH08a, TooopKa. KpHTepHHTe sa ecrerasecxa H HCTOpH'IecKa QeHHOCT Ha CTeHOnHCHTe OT 16--17BeIC - ornpasaa TO'lKa B npasraxara no TIIXHOTO Ona3BaHe. - Ton, Han,

HHC:r. naMeTH. KyJITypaTa, 4, 1987, 113-124.

KAUM06a-KAucap06a, ilOtlHlUl. HlIKOH B1>npOCH no ODa3BaHeTO H escno~HpaHeTo Ha HCTopH~ecJ:HTe naMeTHIIUH. - Fon, Han, HHCT. DaMeTH. KyJITypaTa, 4, 1987, 147-150.

KYAe6, H., P. I(3ICUHZ06I1, K. lff!UlMup06a U il. Ileuee. MaoroeneMeHTeH HHCTpYMeHTaneH HeyTpOHHOaKTHBaUHOHeH aHanH3 aa aHTH'IHH H cpe)lHOseKOBHH CT1>J:JIa. - lilB. Hau. HCTOp. MY3Ci,6, 1986, 121-125.

JIefjjmep06, HAUR. KOHcepBaUHlI H excnoaapaae aa a:BapTanH B cesepo- 3an8.llHHlI CKnOH Ha cpe.llHOBeKoBHHlI Llapesen - Be.miKO Ti.PHOBO. - Ton, Han, HHCT. llaMeTH. KyJITypaTa, 4, 1987, 25-32.

JIlO6eu06, KaMeH. 3Ha'leHHeTO aa xep6HUH.IlHTe B Ona3BaHeTO na apxeoJIOrH'IecKHTe naMeTHHUH y Hac. ApXeOJIOrHlI, 1987, HI 4, 60-63.

M06P06, Teopeu. KOHcepBaUHlITa aa M8.IlapcKHlI KOHHHK. - Fon, Han, HHCT. nasiera. KYJITYPaTa, 4, 1987, 151-154.

MUU'le6, AAelCcauObp ... 3JIaTOTO na TpaKHicKHTe KOHHHUH" B Moapean. - MIlK, 1988, HI I, c.32.

IbJIOlK6aTa .. TpaKHicKaTa a:yJITypa H H3KYCTBO" npea 1987r.

PoOOH06, JdpQ6ICO. Ilpeycrpoacrso aa KYJITypHO-MaCOBaTa pafora aa MY3eHTe (1948-1958 r.). - HIIp, 1983, HI I, 35-50.

Pexo-GYM6DA06a. MapUR. H3JIOlK- 6a .. IOBeJIHpCTBoTo OT eJIHHHCTH'IecKaTa enoxa Tapaaro", HTanHlI. - ApXeOJIOrHlI, 1987, HI 4, 70--71.

Or 8 MapT .IlO 20 cenr, 1986r. B TapaHTO.

Cmauueea, MazODAUHa. C H3HCJ:BaHHlITa aa C1>BpeMeHHOCTTa [MY3CiiaaTa eKcn03HUHlI]. - MIlK, 1988, N! I,

8--10. '

TpaKUUCKama zpo6uUIJa ICpaQ c.

C6eJllQPU. OpHrHHanHO 3IlIUIriHo noII:pHTHe. - MIlK, 1988, HI 1,48-60.

ART.: Kp1>CT1>O CTOHJIOB, l.(BlITJ:O Ka,llHiiCJ:H, KapHJl Feopraes, JKe~Ko *e~eB H I1eT1>p BMeB. "Xo03ICU8'6A'le6a, E. I1pe.llBaPHTeJIHH MHKp06HOJIOI'H'IHH aHanH3H aa np06H OT HOBOOTxpHTaTa rp06HHUa npa C. Csemapa, Pa3I1>8.IlCKO. - lilB. Han, HCTOp. MY3eii, 6, 1986, 182-185.

XOO3ICUe6, Feopeu, Xpucmo nDAUuee, H6aH H6aH06. AA. Fepoe U Cm. rOZ06. CIloTOrpaMeTp~HO ,lJ;0KYMeHTHpaHe na naMeTHHUHTe aa KYJITYPaTa B 61>JlrapHlI. - Fon, Han, HHCT. DaMeTH.KYJITypaTa,4,1987,155--164.

Xap606a, Mapzapuma. CrpyerypHHlIT aaanaa npa H3CJle,lJ;BaHe aa apXHTeKTypHoTo HacJIe.llCTBO. - ApxHTeuypa - TeopHlI, HCTOpHlI, I, 1987, 42-51.

C.I1ETPOBA

67

Cb.llbP)I{AHJ1E

KpaCUMUp JleU/aKOH - OCHOBHH KJlacH4JHKaUHoHHH npHHIlHnH sa . xcpasorxara OT paaaara H Cpe,llHaTa 6POH30B'd enOXaB TpaKHII . . .

HIIKOjWU OH'IapOH. Ilempaua Tomeea - KbM asnpoca sa CKaJlHaTa Cpe,llHOBH3aHTHHCKa

lKHBonHC XI - XII B .

MATEP11AJU1 11 CbODlllEH11~

Jltooseu.: Femoe - PaHHH P0,llOCKH enOHHMHH ne'laTH OT Ka6HJle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

TeO¢II.'1 HHallOH - 3a narara na CTpOHTeJlHHII TYXJlCH aannac OT "MOMHHa 6aHII" B AHOKJleUHaHOnOJl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . /(lIPIiO /(:JH:op().)I('emli - Csxposauie OT 3J1aTHH HaKHTH H CpC6bPHH npeznsera OT PaUHapHIi DOPIiC Il, DOPIiCOH - CTapoxpHCTHIIHCKHTC 6a3HJlHKH (IV - VIB.) KpaH C. KapaHOBO, BypraCKa 06J1aCT..................

A.lgiped XlI.IUKOH - PYHH'ICCKHTC 3HaUH H nannaca OT BOJllKKa DbJlrapHIi H TeXHHTe ,IlYHaBCKH

napaJlCJlH .

KP11T11KA 11 PEUEH31111

1O.1U.'IBb.I£'HlI- AHMHTbP n.AHMHTpOB,Map a SI 4 H'I H K 0 B a. KbcHOaHTH'IHaTa rpo6- HHlla npa CHJlHCTpa. C, DbJlrapCKH XY,IlOlKHHK. 1986. 120c., 20 UBCTHH, 49 '1CPHO-6eJlH HJJlOCTpaUHH, 8 rpa4JH'IHH CXCMH H '1CpTelKH

nPErJIEA

Xeupuema TO()OpOHlI - Mexnyuaponen xonrpec

"McJ\HaTa cnoxa B Espona" .

A.leKclIlu)pa Iiusiumpoea-Mu.iueea - B,IlbxHOBeH H3CJle,llOBaTeJl Ha aHTH'IHaTa apXeOJlOrHII B Bsnrapaa : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mapu» Peso - BH,IlHa HTaJlHaHCKa Y'ICHa B DbJl-

rapHSI .

)f(IIHKlI Bb.JH.'ap06a - AMcpHKaHcKH Y'IeH - rOCT Ha

Bsnrapas .

3aU/lIl11ellll oucepmauuu

KIIlI<'OIlIlC .

._ ... _. _._-_ .. - .... _----

TABLE DES MATIERES

13

Krassimir Lenako» - Principcs fondamentaux de classification pour la ceramique, de l'age du bronze tardif et moyen en Thrace . . . . .

Nikolai Ovearov. Petrana Toteva - Contribution au probleme de la peinture byzantine moyenne

rupestre (XI' - XII' s.) . . . . 0 0 • • • • •

MATERIAUX ET COMMUNICATIONS

ljudmil Getov - Sceaux d'eponymes rhodiens

anciens de Cabyle 0 0 • • • 0 • • • • • • • • •

Theophil Ivanov - Au sujet de Ia date de l'inscription . de construction en briques de .Momina banja" a Diocletianopolis . . 0 • Dario Giorgetti - Tresor de parures d'or et d'objets

d'argent 0 0 0 • 0 0 ••• 0 0 ••••

Boris D. Borisov - Basiliques chretiennes antiques (IV' - VI' so) presdu village Karanovo, region

de Burgas .

Alfred Halikov - Les signes et les inscriptions runiques de la Bulgarie de la Volga et leurs

paralleles danubiens.... 0 0 0 • 0 0

CRITIQUE ET OUVRAGES RECENSES

Julia Velleva - AHMHTbp n. AHMHTpoB,Map a x 4H'IHKOBa. KbCHOaHTH'IHaTa rpofiaaua npa CHJlHCTpa. C., DbJlrapcKH xynoxHHK, 1986. 120c., 20 UBeTHH, 49 'IepHo-6eJlH HJlIOCTpaUHH, 8 rpa4JH'IHH cxeMH H xepresca

REVUE

Henrieta Todorova - Congres international "L'~ge

de cuivre en Europe" . . . 0 • • • • • • •••

Aleksandra Dimitrooa-Milceoa - Chercheur inspire de l'archeologie antique en Bulgarie ....

Maria Reho - Savante eminente italienne en

_ Bulgarie .. 0 0 • 0 0 •• 0 •• 0 •••••••••

Zivka Viliarova - Savant americain, hote de la

Bulgarie 0 •• 0

Dissertations soutenues............. 0 0 • 0

Bibliographie . . . . . . . . . 0 • •• • • 0 0 0 0 0 •

22

27 30

38

47

54

57

58 60 60 61 62

I ;

13

21

26

29 38

46

53

54

57 58 60 60 61 62

PElrAKIJHOHHA KOJIErHH

AKad. lrHMHThP AHrEJIOB (ZAa6eH peoasmop), npo,p. BEJIH3AP BEJIKOB (3aM. ZA. peoasmop}, Cm.H.C. Icm. AJIEKCAHlrPA MHJItfEBA (cespemap), dOli. JIlOlrMHJI rETOB, cm.u.c. PYMEH KATHHtfAPOB,cm.H.c. Icm. HBAH MAPA30B, cm.u.c. lrHMHThP OBtfAPOB, npor/J. lIEThP lIETPOB, cm.n.c. I em. XEHPHETA TOlrOPOBA, cm.n.c MAPHH tfHtfHKOBA, cm.u.c. I em. bOPlrAHKA IOPYKOBA

Anpec aa penaznasra

Apxeonorasecsa HHCTHTyr H M}'3eii npa 6AH, 1000 COcJ>HJI, 6YJI. CTaM60JIHiicICH 2. TeJI. 88·24·05 H 88·24·06

Anpec aa a)lMHHHCTpa~JlTa

H3)laTeJICTBO aa 6AH, II 13 COcJ>HJI, YJI. Axan, r. 60H'IeB 6JI. 6. TeJI. 71·31

TexHH~ecKH penarrop Jl. Ko c r o aa

Kopenop H. Ko e s a

Jl8JIeHa 38 Ha60p aa 13. VI. 1988 r Ilonnacaaa 38 nesar aa 16. XII. 1988 r.

«I>OPM8T60x84/8 H3JUlTeJlCIRHI}JleKC 11829 THpallt 1700 fiop"'K8J11i! 4146

fieqaTHH IOJlK 8.50 Or )I.JlHa KHHlIt.a 1.80 JIB.

H3JlaTeJlCKH IOJlK 8.16 rOJlHWeH a60HaMeHT 7.20Jl8.

«I>OTOH86op - H3Jl8TeJlCTBO SAH

Ilesaraaua H3 113.1laTcJlcTBO Ha Bsnrapcsa 8Ka.lleMHR H8 HaYKHTC

----_.-------_-

ISSN 0324-1203

UEHA 1,80 JIB.

A 1988,3

Transféré par

Informations du document

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

A 1988,3

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

0\ S

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi

A 1988,3

Transféré par

Informations du document

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

A 1988,3

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

﻿0\ S

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi

0\ S