© International Baccalaureate Organization 2022

All rights reserved. No part of this product may be reproduced in any form or by any
electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems,
without the prior written permission from the IB. Additionally, the license tied with this
product prohibits use of any selected files or extracts from this product. Use by third
parties, including but not limited to publishers, private teachers, tutoring or study services,
preparatory schools, vendors operating curriculum mapping services or teacher resource
digital platforms and app developers, whether fee-covered or not, is prohibited and is a
criminal offense.

More information on how to request written permission in the form of a license can be
obtained from https://ibo.org/become-an-ib-school/ib-publishing/licensing/applying-for-a-
license/.

m
© Organisation du Baccalauréat International 2022

co
Tous droits réservés. Aucune partie de ce produit ne peut être reproduite sous quelque
forme ni par quelque moyen que ce soit, électronique ou mécanique, y compris des
s.
systèmes de stockage et de récupération d’informations, sans l’autorisation écrite
préalable de l’IB. De plus, la licence associée à ce produit interdit toute utilisation de tout
er
fichier ou extrait sélectionné dans ce produit. L’utilisation par des tiers, y compris, sans
toutefois s’y limiter, des éditeurs, des professeurs particuliers, des services de tutorat ou
ap

d’aide aux études, des établissements de préparation à l’enseignement supérieur, des

fournisseurs de services de planification des programmes d’études, des gestionnaires de
plateformes pédagogiques en ligne, et des développeurs d’applications, moyennant
tp

paiement ou non, est interdite et constitue une infraction pénale.

s

Pour plus d’informations sur la procédure à suivre pour obtenir une autorisation écrite
sous la forme d’une licence, rendez-vous à l’adresse https://ibo.org/become-an-ib-school/
pa

ib-publishing/licensing/applying-for-a-license/.
ib

© Organización del Bachillerato Internacional, 2022

Todos los derechos reservados. No se podrá reproducir ninguna parte de este producto
de ninguna forma ni por ningún medio electrónico o mecánico, incluidos los sistemas de
almacenamiento y recuperación de información, sin la previa autorización por escrito del
IB. Además, la licencia vinculada a este producto prohíbe el uso de todo archivo o
fragmento seleccionado de este producto. El uso por parte de terceros —lo que incluye,
a título enunciativo, editoriales, profesores particulares, servicios de apoyo académico o
ayuda para el estudio, colegios preparatorios, desarrolladores de aplicaciones y
entidades que presten servicios de planificación curricular u ofrezcan recursos para
docentes mediante plataformas digitales—, ya sea incluido en tasas o no, está prohibido
y constituye un delito.

En este enlace encontrará más información sobre cómo solicitar una autorización por
escrito en forma de licencia: https://ibo.org/become-an-ib-school/ib-publishing/licensing/
applying-for-a-license/.
Physics
Higher level
Paper 2

Thursday 28 April 2022 (morning)

Candidate session number

2 hours 15 minutes

Instructions to candidates
y Write your session number in the boxes above.
y Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.
y Answer all questions.
y Answers must be written within the answer boxes provided.
y A calculator is required for this paper.

m
y A clean copy of the physics data booklet is required for this paper.
y The maximum mark for this examination paper is [90 marks].

co
s.
er
ap
s tp
pa
ib

2222 – 6514
27 pages © International Baccalaureate Organization 2022

28EP01
 –2– 2222 – 6514

m
co
s.
er
Please do not write on this page.
ap

Answers written on this page

will not be marked.
s tp
pa
ib

28EP02
 –3– 2222 – 6514

Answer all questions. Answers must be written within the answer boxes provided.

1. Airboats are used for transport across a river. To move the boat forward, air is propelled from
the back of the boat by a fan blade.

side view

bank rope fan blade river

m
top view

co
s.
An airboat has a fan blade of radius 1.8 m. This fan can propel air with a maximum speed
er
relative to the boat of 20 m s−1. The density of air is 1.2 kg m−3.
- -
ap

(a) Outline why a force acts on the airboat due to the fan blade. [3]
tp

..........................................................................
·

Jonce . . . .the
. . . . I. . . . . . . . . . .on . . . .air
...................................................
s

. . . .boat
. . . .Newton
equal
. . . . . . . . . . . and
. . . . . . . . . 3: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .on
opp. Jonce .............................
·
pa

..........................................................................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . backwards
. . . . . . . momentum
ib

. . . .au
·
. . . .gains ..............................................
. . . .coms . . . . . . . . . . . .boat
. . . . . . . . .momentum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .morn
. . . . . . .on . . . . dis
. . .opp, ..................
of
·

gains

(This question continues on the following page)

Turn over
28EP03
 n =
1.8m

–4– vzzom/s 2222 – 6514

4 = 1.2
(Question 1 continued)

(b) In a test the airboat is tied to the river bank with a rope normal to the bank. The fan
propels the air at its maximum speed. There is no wind.

(i) Show that a mass of about 240 kg of air moves through the fan every second. [2]

..........................................................................
Exs. . . . . . tAtv
. .P- . . . . . . . . . . . .tmr
=
......................................................
. . . . . . . . . . . . .m. . . . .At
=
. . .v. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
=4.1.82.1.2.20
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H.R.
=
. . . . . 4.V . . . . . . . . . .ha/s
. . . . . . . .ky/s-240
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2244.29 ............

(ii) Show that the tension in the rope is about 5 kN. [1]

m
..........................................................................
240.1024.9kNw5kN
. . . .F
m.v

co
. . . . .<p
= = =

.................................................................
s.
(c) The rope is untied and the airboat moves away from the bank. The variation with time t
er
of the speed v of the airboat is shown for the motion.

v / m s−1
ap

20
tp

18
-u v
s

16
pa

vvvv
14
v w
ib

~v v
12
r u ur
10
v uvur
8
uwv w
6
u r ur v
u
4
vvv
2
·Ur turvr
0 ·
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 t / s

(This question continues on the following page)

28EP04
 –5– 2222 – 6514

(Question 1 continued)

(i) Explain why the airboat has a maximum speed under these conditions. [2]

..........................................................................
. . . . . . .resistive . . . with
. . . . . . . . . .&
. . . . . . . . . .Jances . . . . . . . speed
.....................................
. . . . . . .becomes
. . . . . . . Fret . . . . . . . . . . .o. . a . . . . .speed
. . . . . . .est
. . . . . .zo .............................
..........................................................................

(ii) Estimate the distance the airboat travels to reach its maximum speed. [2]

..........................................................................
. . . . . . de . . . . . . . . .under
. . . . . .area graph
.....................................................

m
..........................................................................

co
. . . . . . . . 53:102530m
..................................................................
s.
(iii) Deduce the mass of the airboat. [3]
er

..........................................................................
ap

. tzo
. . . . . . . . . .at zignadut
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .zazim/s
......................................
. . . . . . . . .E. . . . .e4ghg
F =
. . . . . . . . . .Fzm.a
. . . . . . . . .m .........................................
tp

..........................................................................
s

..........................................................................
pa

..........................................................................
ib

Turn over
28EP05
 –6– 2222 – 6514

m
co
s.
er
Please do not write on this page.
ap

Answers written on this page

will not be marked.
s tp
pa
ib

28EP06
 –7– 2222 – 6514

2. A fixed mass of an ideal gas is contained in a cylinder closed with a frictionless piston.
The volume of the gas is 2.5 × 10−3 m3 when the temperature of the gas is 37 °C and the
pressure of the gas is 4.0 × 105 Pa.
-

(a) Calculate the number of gas particles in the cylinder. [2]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4..105.2.5%10-.6.02.10
..............................
. . . .PV- ART
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .N
- = A =

. . . . . . . . . . 273)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.31(37 +

............
..........................................................................
=

2.3.102
..........................................................................

(b) Energy is now supplied to the gas and the piston moves to allow the gas to expand.
The temperature is held constant. -

m
Discuss, for this process, the changes that occur in the

co
(i) density of the gas. PU -
MRT [2]

*onstant
..........................................................................
s.
. . . . . . . v4
........v
-

...........................................................
=
er

..........................................................................
ap

..........................................................................
tp

(ii) internal energy of the gas. [2]

s
pa

..........................................................................
-save
Ee
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ehr1 . . . . . . . . . .E
. . . . . same
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a ........................
ib

..........................................................................
..........................................................................

Turn over
28EP07
 –8– 2222 – 6514

3. A loudspeaker emits sound waves of frequency f towards a metal plate that reflects the waves.
A small microphone is moved along the line from the metal plate to the loudspeaker. The intensity
of sound detected at the microphone as it moves varies regularly between maximum and
minimum values.

loudspeaker microphone metal plate

The speed of sound in air is 340 m s−1.

(a) (i) Explain the variation in intensity. [3]

m
co
..........................................................................
. . . . microphone
·
. . . . . . . . . . the
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .recieves . . . . emitted
. . . . . . . . .sound
. . . . . . .wait reflected
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .one
......
s.
. . .·superposition
.................a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . distructure
. . . .constructure, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . inher
....................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . waves
standing
er
·
.......................................................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .e
. . .max
. . . . . . . . at
. . .autodes
............................................
stn
ap

. . . .at
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . at
distnmin; . . . . .modes ..........................................
tp

(ii) Adjacent minima are separated by a distance of 0.12 m. Calculate f . [2]

s

-
pa

..........................................................................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .IR
=0.12 024 R2
. . . . . disten
. . . . . . . unter ................................................
ib

..........................................................................
->
522-1416
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hz
. . . . . . . . . .j- . . . . . . . . .l4kHz
..........................

(This question continues on the following page)

28EP08
 –9– 2222 – 6514

(Question 3 continued)

(b) The metal plate is replaced by a wooden plate that reflects a lower intensity sound
wave than the metal plate.

State and explain the differences between the sound intensities detected by the same
microphone with the metal plate and the wooden plate. [3]

..........................................................................

e
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
. . . . .still
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .and
superpart standing . . . . . . . . . . . .but
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wares . . the dig
. . . . . . . . . . . . . in
.
. . . . . . . . . . . rechen . . . . . . . . . . .autodes
amplitudes . . . . smaller
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . is . . .maximal
. . . . . . . . . . .a . . . . . . . . . sum
of ......
will . . . . maller
. . . . . . . . . . .be . . . . . . . . .plate-mimic
. . . .wooden
. . . . . . . . . .a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . intal
↳
. . . . . . .plat
........
maxi metal plate

m
s

co
s.
er
ap
s tp
pa
ib

Turn over
28EP09
 – 10 – 2222 – 6514

4. (a) Identify the laws of conservation that are represented by Kirchhoff’s circuit laws. [2]

..........................................................................

of change
. . . . . 1). . . conservation
..................................................................
..........................................................................
21
of energy
coms

..........................................................................

(b) A cell is connected to an ideal voltmeter, a switch S and a resistor R. The resistance
of R is 4.0 Ω.

m
co
V
s.
er
R
S 4.0
ap

When S is open the reading on the voltmeter is 12 V. When S is closed the voltmeter
tp

reads 8.0 V.
s

(i) State the emf of the cell. [1]

pa

..........................................................................
. . . . . . . . .12
ib

.................................................................

(ii) Deduce the internal resistance of the cell. [2]

. . . . . . . . i. . . . . . =
= =
. . . . . . . .2A
....................................................
. . . . . 2(4
. . . . . . . . .Ez . . . . . .k)
. . . . . . . (n
. . . . . . .2
z

........................................
+ =

..........................................................................
..........................................................................

(This question continues on the following page)

28EP10
 – 11 – 2222 – 6514

(Question 4 continued)

(c) The voltmeter is used in another circuit that contains two secondary cells.

cell A

1.0
10 V

cell B

m
2.0
4.0 V

co
Cell A has an emf of 10 V and an internal resistance of 1.0 Ω. Cell B has an emf of 4.0 V
and an internal resistance of 2.0 Ω.
s.
(i) Calculate the reading on the voltmeter. [3]
er

*A
ap

..........................................................................
3i+ 2RA
..........................................................................
tp

..........................................................................
V z

..........................................................................
s

..........................................................................
pa

..........................................................................
ib

(ii) Comment on the implications of your answer to (c)(i) for cell B. [1]

..........................................................................
..........................................................................

(This question continues on page 13)

Turn over
28EP11
 – 12 – 2222 – 6514

m
co
s.
er
Please do not write on this page.
ap

Answers written on this page

will not be marked.
s tp
pa
ib

28EP12
 – 13 – 2222 – 6514

(Question 4 continued)

(d) Electricity can be generated using renewable resources.

(i) Outline why electricity is a secondary energy source. [1]

..........................................................................
. . . .it's
. . . . . . derived
from tramsf of
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .a
. . . . . . . . . . . . . source
permary ...................

(ii) Some fuel sources are renewable. Outline what is meant by renewable. [1]

..........................................................................
be shorttu scale
can
replenished a
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .in
..............................................

m
(e) (i) A fully charged cell of emf 6.0 V delivers a constant current of 5.0 A for a time of

co
- -
0.25 hour until it is completely discharged.
-
s.
The cell is then re-charged by a rectangular solar panel of dimensions
0.40 m × 0.15 m at a place where the maximum intensity of sunlight
is 380 W m−2.
-
er
-

The overall efficiency of the re-charging process is 18 %.

ap

Calculate the minimum time required to re-charge the cell fully. [3]
tp

. . . . . . .iz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P.
. . . . PzU. . . . . . 6.5230W . . t. . zE
. . . . Ez
30.15.60227h]
..............................
s

..........................................................................
pa

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.A.0.12
. . . .P. . changing . . . . . . . . . . . . .380.0.4.0.15.0.1824.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1W
..................
-
ib

..........................................................................

-000-6585.35
..........................................................................
..........................................................................

(ii) Outline why research into solar cell technology is important to society. [1]

..........................................................................
. . . . . .nenewable . . . . . . . CO2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . no . . . . . . . .emission
......................................
+

Turn over
28EP13
 – 14 – 2222 – 6514

5. An experiment is carried out to determine the count rate, corrected for background radiation,
when different thicknesses of copper are placed between a radioactive source and a detector.
The graph shows the variation of corrected count rate with copper thickness.

1200

corrected count rate / count minute−1

1000

800

600

400

200

m
-

0.27
0 0.5 1 1.5

co
copper thickness / mm

(a) Outline how the count rate was corrected for background radiation. [1]
s.
er
..........................................................................
. . . . . . . .substracted
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .eachfrom heading
........................................
ap
tp

(b) When a single piece of thin copper foil is placed between the source and detector,
the count rate is 810 count minute−1. The foil is replaced with one that has three
s

times the thickness. Estimate the new count rate. [2]

pa

..........................................................................
ib

. . . . . . .hate
. . . . . colt
mm
. . . . . . 810 . . . . . .0.27
..................................................
. . . . . . .0.27.3-0.81mm . . . . . . . . hate
. . . . . . . . . .count
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-360 ......................
..........................................................................

(This question continues on the following page)

28EP14
 – 15 – 2222 – 6514

(Question 5 continued)

(c) Further results were obtained in this experiment with copper and lead absorbers.

Thickness Corrected count rate

Absorber
/ mm / count minute−1

copper 3.5 32

lead 3.5 10

Comment on the radiation detected from this radioactive source. [4]

..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................

m
..........................................................................

co
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
s.
..........................................................................
er
..........................................................................
ap

(d) Another radioactive source consists of a nuclide of caesium (137

55 Cs) that decays to
barium (137 Ba).
tp

56

Write down the reaction for this decay. [2]

s
pa

..........................................................................
"s - Bali
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .re
+
...................................
ib

..........................................................................
..........................................................................

Turn over
28EP15
 – 16 – 2222 – 6514

6. An experiment to investigate simple harmonic motion consists of a mass oscillating at the

end of a vertical spring.

spring

mass

m
motion sensor

co
The mass oscillates vertically above a motion sensor that measures the speed of the mass.
s.
Test 1 is carried out with a 1.0 kg mass and spring of spring constant k1. Test 2 is a repeat of
the experiment with a 4.0 kg mass and spring of spring constant k2.
er

The variation with time of the vertical speed of the masses, for one cycle of the oscillation,
is shown for each test.
ap

speed / m s−1
10
tp

test 2

↑
8
s
pa

6
test 1
4
ib

0
0 time / s
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
−2

−4

−6

−8

−10

(This question continues on the following page)

28EP16
 – 17 – 2222 – 6514

(Question 6 continued)
(a) (i) Calculate the frequency of the oscillation for both tests. [1]

..........................................................................
Set - 1.25Hz
..........................................................................

k1
(ii) Deduce . [2]
k2

..........................................................................
. . .T
. .e
. Tze 2T 25Ve miter mate
....................................................................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2) . . . . . . . . . .420.25
. . . zm ..................
..........................................................................

m
co
(iii) Determine the amplitude of oscillation for test 1. [2]
s.
. . . . . . . .Umax . . . . .M/S
. . . . . . . . . .4.8
=
...................................................
..........................................................................
er

20.8
. . . . . . . . .-
- 0.61
.................................................................
ap

..........................................................................
s tp
pa

(This question continues on the following page)

ib

Turn over
28EP17
 – 18 – 2222 – 6514

(Question 6 continued)
(iv) In test 2, the maximum elastic potential energy Ep stored in the spring is 44 J.
When t = 0 the value of Ep for test 2 is zero.
Sketch, on the axes, the variation with time of Ep for test 2. [2]

Ep / J
50

A
40

30

20

10

m
0
0 t/s

co
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
−10 s.
−20
er

−30
ap

−40
tp

−50
s

x x4
zmw2(X
+
-
pa

Ep
(This question continues on the following page) -
Imax
ib

28EP18
 – 19 – 2222 – 6514

(Question 6 continued)

(b) The motion sensor operates by detecting the sound waves reflected from the base of
the mass. The sensor compares the frequency detected with the frequency emitted
when the signal returns.

The sound frequency emitted by the sensor is 35 kHz. The speed of sound is 340 m s−1.
- -

Determine the maximum frequency change detected by the sensor for test 2. -
[4]

..........................................................................
..........................................................................

f(zf(vs) -

35(38an)-34058
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .hz
..........................................................................
............

..........................................................................

m
. . . . .Hz
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94R
. . . . . . . . max
of ...............................................
-

..........................................................................

co
..........................................................................
s.
er
ap
s tp
pa
ib

Turn over
28EP19
 – 20 – 2222 – 6514

7. A metal sphere is charged positively and placed far away from other charged objects.
The electric potential at a point on the surface of the sphere is 53.9 kV. -

(a) Outline what is meant by electric potential at a point. [2]

..........................................................................
. . . . .Work
. . . . . . . .done. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to
. . . . . . . I. unit change . . . .move . . . .test
. . . . . . .a . . . . .change
...................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .to point
from
8
. . . .a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..........................................................................

(b) The electric potential at a point a distance 2.8 m from the centre of the sphere is 7.71 kV.
-

Determine the radius of the sphere. -

[2]

..........................................................................

m
very - as in
..........................................................................

co
..........................................................................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53.9n
. . . . . . . . . .7
=
. .7 . . . 21.6
. . ,h .................
+
s.
-in =
0.47m
er
ap

(This question continues on the following page)

s tp
pa
ib

28EP20
 – 21 – 2222 – 6514

(Question 7 continued)

(c) A small positively charged object moves towards the centre of the metal sphere.
When the object is 2.8 m from the centre of the sphere, its speed is 3.1 m s−1.
The mass of the object is 0.14 g and its charge is 2.4 × 10−8 C.
-
-

- -

(i) Comment on the angle at which the object meets equipotential surfaces around
the sphere. [1]

perpendicular
..........................................................................
..........................................................................

(ii) Show that the kinetic energy of the object is about 0.7 mJ. [1]

..........................................................................

m
EremVz =.016..1.10227.7.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .J
-

co
20.7.10-6] =

0.7my
s.
(iii) Determine whether the object will reach the surface of the sphere. [3]
er
. . .d
. . . . . .p. spheres obj
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53.9-7
. . . . . . . . . . .71246.2kV
.............................
..........................................................................
ap

Eneg
..........................................................................
tp

..........................................................................
..........................................................................
s

..........................................................................
pa
ib

Turn over
28EP21
 – 22 – 2222 – 6514

8. A fixed horizontal coil is connected to an ideal voltmeter. A bar magnet is released from rest
so that it falls vertically through the coil along the central axis of the coil.

S
bar magnet
N

coil voltmeter

m
The variation with time t of the emf induced in the coil is shown.

induced emf / mV
co
s.
4
er
3
ap

1
tp

0
s

t
pa

−1

−2
ib

−3

−4

−5

−6

(This question continues on the following page)

28EP22
 – 23 – 2222 – 6514

(Question 8 continued)

(a) (i) Write down the maximum magnitude of the rate of change of flux linked
with the coil. [1]

..........................................................................
-

3mV
..........................................................................

(ii) State the fundamental SI unit for your answer to (a)(i). [1]

..........................................................................
..........................................................................

m
(b) (i) Explain why the graph becomes negative. [3]

co
..........................................................................
s.
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
er

..........................................................................
ap

..........................................................................
..........................................................................
s tp

(ii) Part of the graph is above the t-axis and part is below. Outline why the areas
pa

between the t-axis and the curve for these two parts are likely to be the same. [2]
ib

..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................

(This question continues on page 25)

Turn over
28EP23
 – 24 – 2222 – 6514

m
co
s.
er
Please do not write on this page.
ap

Answers written on this page

will not be marked.
s tp
pa
ib

28EP24
 – 25 – 2222 – 6514

(Question 8 continued)

(c) Predict the changes to the graph when the magnet is dropped from a lower height
above the coil. [3]

..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................

m
co
s.
er
ap
s tp
pa
ib

Turn over
28EP25
 – 26 – 2222 – 6514

9. In an experiment a beam of electrons with energy 440 MeV are incident on oxygen-16 (168 O)
-

nuclei. The variation with scattering angle of the relative intensity of the scattered electrons
-

is shown.

relative intensity of
scattered electrons

m
co
46 scattering angle / °
30 40 50 60 70 80
s.
(a) (i) Identify a property of electrons demonstrated by this experiment. [1]
er

..........................................................................
ap

. . . . . .wave properties
....................................................................
tp

(ii) Show that the energy E of each electron in the beam is about 7 × 10−11 J. [1]
s
pa

..........................................................................
17.04.1044-7.10- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ."3
-

. .Ezy4MeV
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .440108.1.6.10
-
ib

(This question continues on the following page)

28EP26
 – 27 – 2222 – 6514

(Question 9 continued)

hc
(iii) The de Broglie wavelength for an electron is given by . Show that the diameter
of an oxygen-16 nucleus is about 4 fm. E -

[3]

..........................................................................
6.63.10- 3. 3.108
. . . . . . .x . . . . . 10-15
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8. ...................................
=
->

7..10-1
..........................................................................
. . . . . . . . Du sao
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . si
=3.9.10-13m
................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................

(b) Estimate, using the result in (a)(iii), the volume of a tin-118 (118
50 Sn) nucleus. State your

m
answer to an appropriate number of significant figures. [4]

co
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
s.
..........................................................................
er

..........................................................................
ap

..........................................................................
..........................................................................
tp

..........................................................................
s

..........................................................................
pa
ib

References:

© International Baccalaureate Organization 2022

28EP27
 m
co
s.
er
Please do not write on this page.
ap

Answers written on this page

will not be marked.
s tp
pa
ib

28EP28