Equation of Pressure from Kinetic Theory

1 2
PV = mncrms
3

P = Pressure of gas
V = Volume of gas
m = Mass of molecules of each gas
n = Number of gas molecules
m n = Total mass of gas = MT
Root Mean Square Velocity
Root Mean Square Velocity

3RT
▪ Crms =
M

3KT
▪ Crms =
m

3P
▪ Crms=
ρ
 Root Mean Square Velocity

3RT
▪ Crms=
M

8RT
▪ Cavg =
πM

2RT
▪ Cp =
M
 Poll Question-01

❑ Ratio of root mean square velocities of O3 and O2 –

(a) 1:1
(b) 2:3
(c) 3: 2
(d) 2: 3
 CHAT Box Solution Problem
▪ Molecules of an ideal gas kept in a cylinder has a Root Mean Square Velocity of 2
m/s. Heat applied to the gas to increase the pressure by 9 times. If the volume of
the cylinder is unchanged, find out the Root Mean Square Velocity of the molecules
of the gas.
 Practice Problem
▪ At constant pressure what temperature in degree Celsius the root-mean square
velocity of a gas will be half of root-mean square velocity at normal pressure and
temperature? [KUET'19-20]
 Combined SPECIAL Practice Problem
▪ At what temperature there won’t be any oxygen molecules present in the earth’s
atmosphere?
 Mean Free Path
▪ The mean free path is the path taken by a gas molecule between every two elastic
collisions.
 Mean Free Path
▪ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_vUtO3BS-zM
 Mean Free Path
▪ d = Diameter of molecule
Mean Free Path (Maxwell)

𝟏
𝝀=
√𝟐𝒏𝝅𝝈𝟐
Mean Free Path (Clausius)

𝟏
𝝀=
𝒏𝝅𝝈𝟐
 Practice Problem
2
▪ Active diameter of a molecule of a gas is 310–10m and mean free path is × 10−8𝑚 .
𝜋
Determine number of molecules of that gas in unit volume. If r.m.s velocity of that gas is
103 𝑚𝑠 −1 , calculate number of collisions that occurs per second.
Degree of Freedom
Degree of Freedom ( Translational + Rotational )
 Degree of Freedom
▪ For Monatomic gas, degree of freedom 3

▪ For Diatomic gas, degree of freedom 5

▪ For Polyatomic gas, degree of freedom 6

▪ But if the polyatomic gas is Linear then the degree of freedom 5

▪ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BS6nnSW54GE
Degree of Freedom (CO2)
 Equipartition of Energy
▪ The energy of gas molecules under thermal equilibrium is equally divided among
their available DOF and the average energy for each degree of freedom being ½ kT.
Equipartition of Energy, Degree of Freedom & Kinetic Energy

Average Kinetic Energy of 1 gas

molecule
Total Kinetic Energy of N number of
gas molecules

Total Kinetic Energy of 1 mole gas

Total Kinetic Energy of n mole gas

𝟐
PV = Ek
𝟑
Equipartition of Energy, Degree of Freedom & Kinetic Energy

Kinetic energy of n
Degree of mole gas
Gas
Freedom
Linear Rotational Total

Monatomic
3 0
(He, Ar)
Diatomic (H2, N2, O2)
& 3+2=5
Linear Polyatomic (CO2)

Polyatomic(NH3) 3+3=6
 Poll Question-02

❑ If average kinetic energies of oxygen (32) and nitrogen (28) at certain temperature
are compared, which one will have higher energy?

(a) Oxygen
(b) Nitrogen
(c) Same
(d) Insufficient information
 Practice problem
▪ What is the average linear kinetic energy of H2 molecule at 35°C?
• Also find the average rotational kinetic energy of H₂ molecule.
 Practice Problem
▪ A cylinder of volume 3 × 10−2 m3 contains 112 gm O2 at 3 atm. pressure. What is the
total kinetic energy of the gas?
 Sample CQ

(a) Write down the ideal gas equation. 1

(b) What do you mean by the fact- “The dew point at a place is 10°C”? 2
(c) Determine the kinetic energy of each gram molecule of X gas at 27°C. 3
(d) “The root mean square velocities of the two gases in the stem are not similar.”-Analyze
the significance of the quote mathematically. 4