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ATM : Automatic Transfer Machine.
Bull.crim : Bulletin de la chambre criminelle de la cour de cassation (de France).
CERN : Centre européen de recherches nucléaires.
Cass.crim : Cour de cassation, chambre criminelle.
CA : Cour d’appel.
Cal.Penal.code: Californie pénal code.
CRS : Centre de recherche sociopolitique.
Ch. : Chambre.
CSPA : Computer Systems Protection Act.
CFAA :Computer Fraud and Abuse Act.
Dr : Docteur.
DC :Dalloz critique.
DI :Droit intellectuel.
Doc: document.
D : Recueil Dalloz.
Doct : Doctrine.
d. :décret.
DP : Dalloz périodique.
éd : édition.
ENST : école nationale supérieure des télécommunications.
ECP : école centrale des Arts et Manufactures de Paris.
FATF : Financial Action Task Force on money laundering.
F: Feuillet.
GP : Gazette du Palais.
HADOPI : Haute Autorité pour la diffusion et protection des œuvres sur Internet.
IP : Internet Protocol.
INPES : Institut National de prévention et d’éducation pour la santé.
Ibid : Ibidem (au même endroit).
IEHEI : Institut européen des hautes études internationales .
INPES : Institut national de prévention et d’éducation en santé.
JCP: Juris classeur périodique.
LDP : Loi de protection des données.
LSD : Lysergique Acide diéthylamide.
LGDJ : Librairie générale de droit et de jurisprudence.
MDMA: Methyline Dioxy Methan Apletamine.
NWC : National White collar crime center.
n° : Numéro.
NSF.net : National sciences foundation net.
NTIC :Nouvelles technologies de l’information et de la communication.
OLPD : Ordonnance relative à la loi fédérale sur la protection des données.
OFDT: Observatoire Français des drogues et des Toxicomanies.
Op.cit : Opere citato (ouvrage cité).
OMPI : Organisation mondiale de la propriété industrielle (Genève).
P: Page(s).
PC: personal computer.
PUF :Presses universitaires de France.
PDF : Portable Document Format.
Réf: référence.
Rec. : recueil.
RDTI : Revue du droit des technologies de l’information.
RDIT :Revue de droit d’information et de technologie.
Rép.pénale.Dalloz : Répertoire Dalloz de droit pénal.
RSC : Revue de science criminelle et droit pénal comparé.
RD : Recueil Dalloz.
SET : Secure electronic transactions.
Somm : Sommaire.
Sec: Section.
TGI : Tribunal de grande instance.
USC : United State code.
VOL: volume.
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-Vocabulaire de l’informatique et de l’InternetJ http:// www.oc-nancy-metz.Fr.
Internet: Réseau mondial associant des ressources de télécommunication et des ordinateurs serveurs et clients
destiné à l’échange de messages électroniques d’informations multimédias et de Fichiers. Il Fonctionne en
utilisant un protocole commun qui permet: L’acheminement de poches de messages découpés en paquets
indépendants ».
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-Internet: est un réseau permettant de relier entre eux plusieurs réseaux informatiques de types différents dans
lequels s’échangent grâce à l’utilisation d’un protocole unique (Tcp/ip) du courrier (e-mail)J des fichiers (FTp)J
des informations et opinions (newsgroups) ainsi que des banques d’informations (gopher-wais-web).Voir
Definiton of internetJ http:// www.futura-sciences.com; et La definition de l’internet , http://www.lyceeb.com.
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http://www.Fnc.gov.
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- Une histoire de l’e-mail,http:// www.arobase.org
- Décision n° 2004-496 DCJ 10 juin 2004 du conseil constitutionnel, http:// www.droit-
tic.om.
- Brigite FILLON: la messagerie électronique sur Internet, http:// www.piaf.asso.Fr.
4
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Dr/ Mohamed BUZABAR: La Criminalité informatique sur l’InternetJ journal of LawJ n°. 1, vol. 20, 2002J p 18.
JurisclasseurJ communicationJ 2002J p. 24.
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- Voir Sandy RIHANA : Introduction à l’internet, p 4, http:// www.nachez.info.
4
- Voir Yanis DELMAS : Histoire de l’ informatiqueJ d’internet et du web, http://Delmas-
rigoutsas.nom.fr. ; Jean-Chrysostome BOLOT, Walid DABBOUS :L'Internet, Historique et
évolution.Quel avenir prévisible?, p1 et suite, http:// planete.inria.fr
5
- Voir Dr/ Mohamed BUZABARJop citJ p. 15.
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- Voir Departement of computer science: A Brief History of the Internet, http// www.cs.ucsb.edu.
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- COLIN Rose: «La cybercriminalité est la troisième grande menace pour les grandes
puissancesJ après les armes chimiquesJ bactériologiquesJ et nucléaires ». Mohamed
CHAWKI: Essai sur la notion de cybercriminalité, IEHEI, juillet 2006, p2
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« Le sommet de Berlin Jrelatif à la cybercriminalité n’aura permis de dégager qu’une seule certitude J
une définition universelle de la cybercriminalité et l’on peut même se demander si une entente sera
un jour possible ». L’impossible définition universel de la cybercriminalité, http:// www.vilage -
_justice.com
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- La cybercriminalité peut se définir comme l’ensemble des infractions pénales commises sur le
réseau d’Internet et elle correspond à trois catégories distinctes d’infraction:
Les infractions de contenu Jles atteintes à la propriété intellectuelle et les infractions informatiques.
M le député Jean-Marc NESME: Assemblée Nationale Jrapport fait au nom de la commission des
affaires étrangères sur le projet de loi n° 905 autorisant l’approbation de la convention sur la
cybercriminalité. 17/12/200,http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr
http://djelfa.info:JG5&(5[6 W@6&2 Z3</ -4
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- Le code pénal de Californie (section 502)définit une liste d’actes illicites qui tombent sous le coup
de la cybercriminalité. Il considère comme cybercriminalité: « le fait D’accès Jou de permettre
intentionnellement l’accès à tout système ou réseau informatique afin:
a)- de concevoir ou réaliser tout plan ou artifice pour frauder ou extorquer.
b)-d’ acquérir de l’argent, des biens, des services, dans le but de frauder.
c)- d’altérer, de détruire, ou d’endommager tout système, réseau, programme ou données
informatiques ».
Le code pénal du Texas (section 33.02) considère comme cybercriminalité: « le fait D’accès à un
ordinateur Jun réseau Jou à un système informatique sans l’autorisation de son maitre ».Voir
Mohamed CHAWKI, op.cit,p 9.
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.113' 107
4
-« la cybercriminalité, c’est l’ensemble des infractions pénales qui se commettent sur le réseau
internet. »Voir la cybercriminalité, http://www.interieur.gouv.fr
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-Mohamed CHAWKI, op.cit,p23.
19
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-« sous le terme la cybercriminalité sont regroupées toutes les infractions commises par l’utilisation
illicite ou frauduleuse des réseaux informatiques ;
-Atteinte aux systèmes d’information ou au données informatisées.
-Envoie de courriers commerciaux non sollicité (spam).
-Violation de la vie privée et des données personnelles.
-Fraude à la carte bancaire.
-Acte raciste ou néonazis.
-Blanchiment d’argent.
-Organisation de réseaux de prostitutions ou encore de réseaux de terroristes » . Voir l’harmonisation
des moyens de lutte contre la cybercriminalité, revue de web réalisée le 22/04/2004,
http://www.finances.gouv.fr
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1
-« le cybercrime Jou la cybercriminalité est largement repandue pour décrire une activité dans
laquelle les systèmes informatiques sont un outil, une cible ou un lieu pour réaliser des activités
criminelles ». Voir Cyber crime, http://fr.wikipedia.org
2
-M. WALL déclare que « le terme cybercriminalité ne signifie plus qu’un acte illicite qui est d’une
façon ou d’une autre relatif à l’ordinateur » Voir Mohamed CHAWKI, op.Cit, p9.
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.1996 !50 a%?./ W(
Voir Vincent FAUCHOUX J Pierre DEPREZ: Le droit de l’internet ,lois, contrats et usage,litec, Paris,
2008, p2.
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1
-Selon le Département de la justice (United States Department of Justice) la Cybercriminalité est
considérée comme « une violation du droit pénal impliquant la connaissance de la technologie de
l’information pour sa perpétration Json investigation Jou ses procédures pénales»
U.S. Départment of justice,http:// www.justice.gov.
2
-Selon l’O.N.U., la« cybercriminalité » doit recouvrir « tout comportement illégal faisant intervenir des
opérations électroniques qui visent la sécurité des systèmes informatiques et des données qu’ils traitent » J
et dans une acception plus large « tout fait illégal commis au moyen d’un système ou d’un réseau informatique
ou en relation avec un système informatique ».
Z.3$ JNQ8746 %/"/ Z?2J !0-35/46 %/"E !/30E ' .10 JVQ3046 ]2&/46 J!)Q6':46 %/"E 9./E %/"/ :N46'(46 CB-&h5.
.78 JVQ3046 ]2&/46 J!:'6'=46 Zg3F
-Deuxième Congrès des Nation Unies, à Vienne, sous le titre « la prévention du crime et le traitement des
délinquants»,10-17 /04/2000, http:// www.uncjin.org.
3
- La cybercriminalité: « C’est l’ensemble des infractions pénales qui se commettent sur le réseau Internet »ou
«C’est l’ensemble des infractions pénales susceptibles de se commettre sur les réseaux de télécommunications
en général et plus particulièrement sur les réseaux partageant le protocole TCP-IP Jappelés communément
l’internet». La définition donnée par le ministre de l’intérieur françaisJhttp:// vsabouni.free.fr et
http://www.interieur.gouv.fr.
4
- Pour l’Office fédéral de la police suisse, la cybercriminalité s’entend « des Nouvelles formes de criminalité
spécifiquement liées aux technologies modernes de l’information Jet de délits connus qui sont commis à l’aide
de l’informatique plutôt qu’avec les moyens conventionnels ». Voir Mohamed CHAWKI, op.Cit, p7.
22
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- le Collège canadien de police définit la cybercriminalité comme « la criminalité ayant l’ordinateur
pour objet ou pour instrument de perpétration principale ».Centre Canadien de la statistique juridiqueJ
http://collection.nlc-bnc.ca.
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pour l’obtention du diplôme d’etudes approfondies en droit interne et international des
affaires, Universite Libanaise,2004, p14-15-29-31-32.
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- Carlo MORSELLI,Thomas GABOR,jhon KIEDROWSKI,M.A : Les facteurs qui façonnent le
crime organisé,Rapport n° 00 7 préparé pour la Division de la recherche et de la coordination
nationale sur le crime organisé Secteur de la police et de l’application de la loi
Sécurité publique Canada , Canada, 2010,p 37, http://publications.gc.ca.
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-Margaret BEARE : Les femmes et le crime organisé,Rapport n° 013 préparé à l’intention
de la division de la recherche et de la coordination nationale sur le crime organisé Secteur de
la police et de l’application de la loi Sécurité publique Canada ,Canada,2010,p 6,
http://publications.gc.ca.
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3
- Article 29 /1: «…….Toute allégation ou imputation d'un fait qui porte atteinte à l'honneur
ou à la considération de la personne ou du corps auquel le fait est imputé est une diffamation .
La publication directe ou par voie de reproduction de cette allégation ou de cette imputation est
punissable même si elle est faite sous forme dubitative ou si elle vise une personne ou un corps
non expressément nommés mais dont l'identification est rendue possible par les termes des
discours cris menaces écrits ou imprimés placards ou affiches incriminés. »
85
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1
- Article 29 /2 : « Toute expression outrageanteJ termes de mépris ou invective qui ne
renferme l'imputation d 'aucun fait est une injure ».
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3
- Article 23: «Seront punis comme complices d'une action qualifiée crime ou délit ceux quiJ
soit par des discoursJ cris ou menaces proférés dans des lieux ou réunions publicsJ soit par
des écritsJ imprimésJ dessinsJ gravuresJ peinturesJ emblèmesJ images ou tout autre support
de l'écritJ de la parole ou de l'image vendus ou distribuésJ mis en vente ou exposés dans des
lieux ou réunions publicsJ soit par des placards ou des affiches exposés au regard du publicJ
soit par tout moyen de communication au public par voie électroniqueJ auront directement
provoqué l'auteur ou les auteurs à commettre ladite actionJ si la provocation a été suivie
d'effet.
Cette disposition sera également applicable lorsque la provocation n'aura été suivie que
d'une tentative de crime prévue par l'article 2 du code
pénal ».
4
- Voir Diffamation et injures sur l’internet : le Tribunal de grande instance est déclaré
compétent,Ordonnance du 22 janvier 2003 du TGI Paris , http:// www.foruminternet.org
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2
- Article 23 : « Seront punis comme complices d'une action qualifiée crime ou délit ceux qui,
soit par des discours, cris ou menaces proférés dans des lieux ou réunions publics soit par des
écrits , imprimés, dessins,gravures,peintures, emblèmes,images ou tout autre support de
l'écrit,de la parole ou de l'image vendus ou distribués,mis en vente ou exposés dans des lieux ou
réunions publics,soit par des placards ou des affiches exposés au regard du public soit par tout
moyen de communication au public par voie électronique auront directement provoqué l'auteur
ou les auteurs à commettre ladite action si la provocation a été suivie d'effet.
Cette disposition sera également applicable lorsque la provocation n'aura été suivie que d'une
tentative de crime prévue par l'article 2 du code pénal».
95
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-Voir Direction des affaires criminelles et des graces : Le traitement judiciaire de la
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5
-226-1 : « Est puni d'un an d'emprisonnement et de 45000 euros d'amende le faitJ au moyen d'un procédé
quelconqueJ volontairement de porter atteinte à l'intimité de la vie privée d'autrui :
1° En captantJ enregistrant ou transmettantJ sans le consentement de leur auteurJ des paroles prononcées à
titre privé ou confidentiel ; 2° En fixantJ enregistrant ou transmettantJ sans le consentement de celle-ciJ l'image
d'une personne se trouvant dans un lieu privé.
Lorsque les actes mentionnés au présent article ont été accomplis au vu et au su des intéressés sans qu'ils s'y
soient opposésJ alors qu'ils étaient en mesure de le faireJ le consentement de ceux-ci est présumé ».
116
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226-2 : « Est puni des mêmes peines le fait de conserverJ porter ou laisser porter à la connaissance
du public ou d'un tiers ou d'utiliser de quelque manière que ce soit tout enregistrement ou document
obtenu à l'aide de l'un des actes prévus par l'article 226-1.
Lorsque le délit prévu par l'alinéa précédent est commis par la voie de la presse écrite ou
audiovisuelleJ les dispositions particulières des lois qui régissent ces matières sont applicables en ce
qui concerne la détermination des personnes responsables ».
226-8 : « Est puni d'un an d'emprisonnement et de 15000 euros d'amende le fait de publierJ par
quelque voie que ce soitJ le montage réalisé avec les paroles ou l'image d'une personne sans son
consentementJ s'il n'apparaît pas à l'évidence qu'il s'agit d'un montage ou s'il n'en est pas
expressément fait mention.
Lorsque le délit prévu par l'alinéa précédent est commis par la voie de la presse écrite ou
audiovisuelleJ les dispositions particulières des lois qui régissent ces matières sont applicables en ce
qui concerne la détermination des personnes responsables ».
9'53I 9/ 1992 !504 1336 9'53<43Q !4%;/ J1978 !504 17 WI& 9'53<46 9/ 46 1%3/46 ' 44-41 %6'/46 GB."E -1
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2
- 226-16 : « Le faitJ y compris par négligenceJ de procéder ou de faire procéder à des traitements
de données à caractère personnel sans qu'aient été respectées les formalités préalables à leur mise
en oeuvre prévues par la loi est puni de cinq ans d'emprisonnement et de 300 000 Euros d'amende.
Est puni des mêmes peines le faitJ y compris par négligenceJ de procéder ou de faire procéder à un
traitement qui a fait l'objet de l'une des mesures prévues au 2° du I de l'article 45 de la loi n° 78-17
du 6 janvier 1978 relative à l'informatiqueJ aux fichiers et aux libertés ».
3
-226-17 : « Le fait de procéder ou de faire procéder à un traitement de données à caractère
personnel sans mettre en oeuvre les mesures prescrites à l'article 34 de la loi n° 78-17 du 6
janvier1978 précitée est puni de cinq ans d'emprisonnement et de
300 000 Euros d'amende».
226-19 : « Le faitJ hors les cas prévus par la loiJ de mettre ou de conserver en mémoire
informatiséeJ sans le consentement exprès de l'intéresséJ des données à caractère personnel quiJ
117
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directement ou indirectementJ font apparaître les origines raciales ou ethniquesJ les opinions politiquesJ
philosophiques ou religieusesJ ou les appartenances syndicales des personnesJ ou qui sont relatives à la santé
ou à l'orientation ou identité sexuelle de celles-ciJ est puni de cinq ans d'emprisonnement et de 300 000 Euros
d'amende. Est puni des mêmes peines le faitJ hors les cas prévus par la loiJ de mettre ou de conserver en
mémoire informatisée des données à caractère personnel concernant des infractionsJ des condamnations ou des
mesures de sûreté ».
1
- 226-20 : « Le fait de conserver des données à caractère personnel au-delà de la durée prévue par la loi
ou le règlementJ par la demande d'autorisation ou d'avisJ ou par la déclaration préalable adressée à la
Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertésJ est puni de cinq ans d'emprisonnement et de 300 000
Euros d'amendeJ sauf si cette conservation est effectuée à des fins historiquesJ statistiques ou scientifiques
dans les conditions prévues par la loi.
Est puni des mêmes peines le faitJ hors les cas prévus par la loiJ de traiter à des fins autres qu'historiquesJ
statistiques ou scientifiques des données à caractère personnel conservées au-delà de la durée mentionnée au
premier alinéa».
2
- 226-21 : « Le faitJ par toute personne détentrice de données à caractère personnel à l'occasion de leur
enregistrementJ de leur classementJ de leur transmission ou de toute autre forme de traitement de détourner ces
informations de leur finalité telle que définie par la disposition législativeJ l'acte réglementaire ou la décision de la
Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés autorisant le traitement automatiséJ ou par les
déclarations préalables à la mise en oeuvre de ce traitementJ est puni de cinq ans d'emprisonnement et de 300
000 Euros d'amende ».
3
- 226-22 : « Le faitJ par toute personne qui a recueilliJ à l'occasion de leur enregistrementJ de leur
classementJ de leur transmission ou d'une autre forme de traitementJ des données à caractère personnel dont la
divulgation aurait pour effet de porter atteinte à la considération de l'intéressé ou à l'intimité de sa vie privéeJ de
porterJ sans autorisation de l'intéresséJ ces données à la connaissance d'un tiers qui n'a pas qualité pour les
recevoir est puni de cinq ans d'emprisonnement et de 300 000 Euros d'amende.
La divulgation prévue à l'alinéa précédent est punie de trois ans d'emprisonnement et de 100 000 Euros
d'amende lorsqu'elle a été commise par imprudence ou négligence.
Dans les cas prévus aux deux alinéas précédentsJ la poursuite ne peut être exercée que sur plainte de la
victimeJ de son représentant légal ou de ses ayants droit. »
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2
- Y.AKDEMY et J.BELL , op.cit, p152.
- La violation de droit de l’homme sur internet,http:// www.educnet.education.fr
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-Boij: Victims of cyber stalking,http://www.firstmonday.dk
4
-Traquer: « est une forme de harcèlement névrotique. Le stalking est un terme
communément utilisé pour faire référence à une attention obsessive et non désirée accordée
à un individu ou à un groupe de personnes. Le stalking est un comportement en relation avec
le harcèlement et l’intimidation et peut inclure le fait de suivre ou surveiller des victimes. Le
mot stalking est utilisé, avec différents sens, dans le domaine de la psychologie et de la
130
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3
.S.0Q &Ob' %%:/ %.%=( 9.-'5 CB- NA'
psychiatrie et aussi dans certaines juridictions comme étant une infraction criminelle ».
Stalking, http:// Fr.wikipedia.org.
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penal code section 71 providesJ in relevant part: ” (a) Every person who, with intent to causeJ
attempts to cause or causesJ any officer or employee of any public or private educational institution or
any public officer or employee to doJ or refrain from doing, any act in the performance of his dutiesJ
bymeans of a threatJ directly communicated to such personJ to inflict an unlawful injury upon any
person or propertyJ and it reasonably appears to the recipient of the threat that such threat could be
carried outJ is guilty of a public offense punishable as follows
(1) Upon a first convictionJ such person is punishable by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars
($10J000), or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or in a county jail not
exceeding one yearJ or by both that fine and imprisonment.
(2) If the person has been previously convicted of a violation of
this section,such previous conviction shall be charged in the accusatory pleading, and if that
previous conviction is found to be true by the jury, upon a jury trial, or by the courtJ upon a
court trialJ or is admitted by the defendant, he or she is punishable by imprisonment pursuant
to subdivision (h) of Section 1170.
(b) As used in this section, "directly communicated" includes, but is not limited toJ a
communication to the recipient of the threat by telephone, telegraph, or letter"
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1
-Paul BAY: cyber stalking J harassment in the internet age and how to protect your familyJ British library
J2004Jp 7.
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1
- Cyber stalking : « is the use of the internet or other electronic means to stelk or harssemant individual or an
organization.it may include false accusations monitoring Jmaking threatsJ identity theft Jor gathering information
in order to harass ».Cyber stalking ,http:// www.wikipedia.org.
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4
- Voir Josselyne ABADI : Du harcelement au reseau, au harcelement global,21 octobre 2011, p 8 et 13J
http://conscience-vraie.info; Nicolas DESURMONT : Vers une problémitique du harcelement criminel en
reseauJ revue internationale de criminologie et de police techniqueJ vol 49J juillet-septembre 2006J p 18 et
suite.
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6
-Harassement statistic ,http:// www.haltabuse.org
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personnesJ est punie de trois ans d'emprisonnement et de 45000 euros d'amendeJ lorsqu'elle est faite avec
l'ordre de remplir une condition. La peine est portée à cinq ans d'emprisonnement et à 75000 euros d'amende
s'il s'agit d'une menace de mort. »
135
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4
- Voir Cyberstalking Laws,http:// www.haltabuse.org.
5
-US Code 18 Section 2261A: "Whoever
(1) travels in interstate or foreign commerce or within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United
StatesJ or enters or leaves Indian countryJ with the intent to killJ injureJ harassJ or place under surveillance with
intent to killJ injureJ harassJ or intimidate another personJ and in the course ofJ or as a result ofJ such travel
places that person in reasonable fear of the death ofJ or serious bodily injury toJ or causes substantial
emotional distress to that personJ a member of the immediate family (as defined in section 115) of that personJ
or the spouse or intimate partner of that person; or
(2) with the intent
136
j3<;B4 W7B. dM46 USCode Tit.18 sec.875(c) W0<46 5 Cg(</Q 2&)3Q L32 j43S46 9.%E %<F
Z3$(6 L35A 9'). 9E JG3.H'46 9.Q Z'6%(43Q W3.<46 :!.030E &$35- \?D G'QD !/.&246 aMA ZD/ CB-
1%&3S/ CB- jI3;. 3/) .3&Ob O: TSO 'E &&g \6%"R %$<Q %.%=(46 9'). 9E J%.%=(46 9/g(.
(A) to killJ injureJ harassJ or place under surveillance with intent to killJ injureJ harassJ or intimidateJ or cause
substantial emotional distress to a person in another State or tribal jurisdiction or within the special maritime and
territorial jurisdiction of the United States; or
(B) to place a person in another State or tribal jurisdictionJ or within the special maritime and territorial
jurisdiction of the United StatesJ in reasonable fear of the death ofJ or serious bodily injury to
(i) that person;
(ii) a member of the immediate family (as defined in section 115 of that person;or
(iii) a spouse or intimate partner of that person;
uses the mailJ any interactive computer serviceJ or any facility of interstate or foreign commerce to engage in a
course of conduct that causes substantial emotional distress to that person or places that person in reasonable
fear of the death ofJ or serious bodily injury toJ any of the persons described in clauses (i) through (iii) of
subparagraph (B); shall be punished as provided in section 2261 (b) of this title."
1
-Section 2261 (B):
"(b) Penalties.A person who violates this section or section 2261A shall be fined under this titleJ imprisoned
(1) for life or any term of yearsJ if death of the victim results;
(2) for not more than 20 years if permanent disfigurement or life threatening bodily injury to the victim results;
(3) (3) for not more than 10 yearsJ if serious bodily injury to the victim results or if the offender uses a
dangerous weapon during the offense;
(4) as provided for the applicable conduct under chapter 109A if the offense would constitute an offense under
chapter 109A (without regard to whether the offense was committed in the special maritime and territorial
jurisdiction of the nited States or in a Federal prison); and
(5) for not more than 5 yearsJ in any other caseJor both fined and imprisoned.
(6) Whoever commits the crime of stalking in violation of a temporary or permanent civil or criminal
injunctionJ restraining orderJ no-contact orderJ or other order described in section 2266 of title 18J United States
CodeJ shall be punished by imprisonment for not less than 1 year."
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United States Cour of Appeals : USA v.Abraham Jacob AlkhabazJ January 29J 1997J 104f. 3dJ 1492J
http://en.wikipedia.org
3
-Uscode Tit 18 Sec. 871: " (a) Whoever knowingly and willfully deposits for onveyance in the mail or for
a delivery from any post office or by any letter carrier any letterJ paperJ writingJ printJ missiveJ or document
containing any threat to take the life ofJ to kidnapJ or to inflict bodily harm upon the President of the United
137
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StatesJ the President- electJ the Vice President or other officer next in the order of succession to the office
of President of the United StatesJ or the Vice President-electJ or knowingly and willfully otherwise makes
any such threat against the PresidentJ President-electJ Vice President or other officer next in the order of
succession to the office of PresidentJ or Vice President-electJ shall be fined under this title or imprisoned
not more than five yearsJ or both.
(b) The terms "President-elect" and "Vice President-elect" as used in this section shall mean such persons
as are the apparent successful candidates for the offices of President and Vice PresidentJ respectivelyJ as
ascertained from the results of the general elections held to determine the electors of President and Vice
President in accordance with title 3J United States CodeJ sections 1 and 2. The phrase "other officer next in
the order of succession to the office of President" as used in this section shall mean the person next in the
order of succession to act as President in accordance with title 3J United States CodeJ sections 19 and 20".
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4
- Voir Louise ELLISON and Yaman AKDENIZ : Cyber-stalkingJ the Regulation of Harassment on the Internet
JCriminal Law ReviewJ December 1998J Special Edition: CrimeJ Criminal Justice and the InternetJ p6.
5
- Cyberstalking , http://www.wikipedia.org.
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1
- Article 283 : « Sera puni d'un emprisonnement d'un mois à deux ans et d'une amende de 360 F à 30.000 F
quiconque aura :
Fabriqué ou détenu en vue d'en faire commerceJ distributionJ locationJ affichage ou exposition ;
Importé ou fait importerJ exporté ou fait exporterJ transporté ou fait transporter sciemment aux mêmes fins ;
AffichéJ exposé ou projeté aux regards du public ;
VenduJ louéJ mis en vente ou en locationJ même non publiquement ;
OffertJ même à titre gratuitJ même non publiquementJ sous quelque forme que ce soitJ directement ou par un
moyen détourné ;
Distribué ou remis en vue de leur distribution par un moyen quelconqueJ
Tous imprimésJ tous écritsJ dessinsJ affichesJ gravuresJ peinturesJ photographiesJ films ou clichésJ matrices ou
reproductions phonographiquesJ emblèmesJ tous objets ou images contraires aux bonnes moeurs.
147
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Le condamné pourra en outre faire l'objetJ pour une durée ne dépassant pas six moisJ d'une interdiction
d'exercerJ directement ou par personne interposéeJ en droit ou en faitJ des fonctions de direction de toute
entreprise d'impressionJ d'édition ou de groupage et de distribution de journaux et de publications périodiques.
Quiconque contreviendra à l'interdiction visée ci-dessus sera puni des peines prévues au présent article. »
1
- Article 284 : « Sera puni des mêmes peines:
Quiconque aura fait entendre publiquement des chantsJ cris ou discours contraires aux bonnes moeurs ;
Quiconque aura publiquement attiré l'attention sur une occasion de débauche ou aura publié une annonce ou
une correspondance de ce genreJ quels qu'en soient les termes. »
2
-227-24 : « Le fait soit de fabriquer, de transporter, de diffuser par quelque moyen que ce soit et quel qu'en
soit le support un message à caractère violent ou pornographique ou de nature à porter gravement atteinte à la
dignité humaine, soit de faire commerce d'un tel message, est puni de trois ans d'emprisonnement et de 75000
euros d'amende lorsque ce message est susceptible d'être vu ou perçu par un mineur ».
3
-18 usc sec 1462 : « Whoever brings into the United StatesJ or any place subject to the jurisdiction thereofJ or
knowingly uses any express company or other common carrier or interactive computer service (as defined in
section 230(e)(2) of the Communications Act of 1934)J for carriage in interstate or foreign commerce
(a) any obsceneJ lewdJ lasciviousJ or filthy bookJ pamphletJ pictureJ motion-picture filmJ paperJ letterJ writingJ
printJ or other matter of indecent character; or
(b) any obsceneJ lewdJ lasciviousJ or filthy phonograph recordingJ electrical transcriptionJ or other article or thing
capable of producing sound; or
(c) any drugJ medicineJ articleJ or thing designedJ adaptedJ or intended for producing abortionJ or for any
indecent or immoral use; or any written or printed cardJ letterJ circularJ bookJ pamphletJ advertisementJ or notice
148
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of any kind giving informationJ directly or indirectlyJ whereJ howJ or of whomJ or by what means any of such
mentioned articlesJ mattersJ or things may be obtained or made; or
Whoever knowingly takes or receivesJ from such express company or other common carrier or interactive
computer service (as defined in section 230(e)(2) of the Communications Act of 1934) any matter or thing the
carriage or importation of which is herein made unlawful
Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five yearsJ or bothJ for the first such offense and shall
be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ten yearsJ or bothJ for each such offense thereafter”.
1
- 18 usc 1465 : « Whoever knowingly produces with the intent to transportJ distributeJ or transmit in interstate
or foreign commerceJ or whoever knowingly transports or travels inJ or uses a facility or means ofJ interstate or
foreign commerce or an interactive computer service (as defined in section 230(e)(2) of the Communications
Act of 1934) in or affecting such commerceJ for the purpose of sale or distribution of any obsceneJ lewdJ
lasciviousJ or filthy bookJ pamphletJ pictureJ filmJ paperJ letterJ writingJ printJ silhouetteJ drawingJ figureJ imageJ
castJ phonograph recordingJ electrical transcription or other article capable of producing sound or any other
matter of indecent or immoral characterJ shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five yearsJ or
both.
The transportation as aforesaid of two or more copies of any publication or two or more of any article of the
character described aboveJ or a combined total of five such publications and articlesJ shall create a presumption
that such publications or articles are intended for sale or distributionJ but such presumption shall be rebuttable.
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- Yaman AKDENIZ: International Developments Section Of Regulation Of Child Pornography
on the internetJ http:// www.cyber-righs.org
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1
- 225-12-1 : « Le fait de solliciterJ d'accepter ou d'obtenirJ en échange d'une rémunération ou d'une
promesse de rémunérationJ des relations de nature sexuelle de la part d'un mineur qui se livre à la prostitutionJ
y compris de façon occasionnelleJ est puni de trois ans d'emprisonnement et 45000 euros d'amende.
Est puni des mêmes peines le fait de solliciterJ d'accepter ou d'obtenirJ en échange d'une rémunération ou
d'une promesse de rémunérationJ des relations sexuelles de la part d'une personne qui se livre à la prostitution,
y compris de façon occasionnelleJ lorsque cette personne présente une particulière vulnérabilitéJ apparente ou
connue de son auteurJ due à une maladieJ à une infirmitéJ à une déficience physique ou psychique ou à un état
de grossesse ».
225-12-2 : « Les peines sont portées à cinq ans d'emprisonnement et 75 000 euro d'amende :
1°Lorsque l'infraction est commise de façon habituelle ou à l'égard de plusieurs personnes ;
2° Lorsque la personne a été mise en contact avec l'auteur des faits grâce à l'utilisationJ pour la diffusion de
messages à destination d'un public non déterminéJ d'un réseau de communication ;
3° Lorsque les faits sont commis par une personne qui abuse de l'autorité que lui confèrent ses fonctions ;
4° Lorsque l'auteur des faits a délibérément ou par imprudence mis la vie de la personne en danger ou a
commis contre elle des violences.
Les peines sont portées à sept ans d'emprisonnement et 100 000 euros d'amende lorsqu'il s'agit d'un
mineur de quinze ans. »
2
- 227-22 : « Le fait de favoriser ou de tenter de favoriser la corruption d'un mineur est puni de cinq ans
d'emprisonnement et de 75000 euros d'amende. Ces peines sont portées à sept ans d'emprisonnement et
100000 euros d'amende lorsque le mineur lorsque le mineur a été mis en contact avec l'auteur des faits grâce à
l'utilisationJ pour la diffusion de messages à destination d'un public non déterminéJ d'un réseau de
communications électroniques ou que les faits sont commis dans les établissements d'enseignement ou
d'éducation ou dans les locaux de l'administrationJ ainsi queJ lors des entrées ou sorties des élèves ou du public
ou dans un temps très voisin de celles-ciJ aux abords de ces établissements ou locaux. Les mêmes peines sont
notamment applicables au faitJ commis par un majeurJ d'organiser des réunions comportant des exhibitions ou
des relations sexuelles auxquelles un mineur assiste ou participe ou d’assister en connaissance de cause à
telles réunions.
Les peines sont portées à dix ans d'emprisonnement et 1 000000 Euros d'amende lorsque les faits ont été
commis en bande organisée ou à l’encontre d’un mineur de 15 ans ».
164
227-22-1 : « Le fait pour un majeur de faire des propositions sexuelles à un mineur de quinze ans ou à une
personne se présentant comme telle en utilisant un moyen de communication électronique est puni de deux ans
d'emprisonnement et de 30 000 Euros d'amende. Ces peines sont portées à cinq ans d'emprisonnement et 75
000 Euros d'amende lorsque les propositions ont été suivies d'une rencontre ».
227-23 : « Le faitJ en vue de sa diffusionJ de fixerJ d'enregistrer ou de transmettre l'image ou la représentation
d'un mineur lorsque cette image ou cette représentation présente un caractère pornographique est puni de cinq
ans d'emprisonnement et de 75 000 Euros d'amende.
Le fait d'offrirJ de rendre disponible ou de diffuser une telle image ou représentationJ par quelque moyen que ce
soitJ de l'importer ou de l'exporterJ de la faire importer ou de la faire exporterJ est puni des mêmes peines.
Les peines sont portées à sept ans d'emprisonnement et à 100 000 Euros d'amende lorsqu'il a été utiliséJ pour
la diffusion de l'image ou de la représentation du mineur à destination d'un public non déterminéJ un réseau de
communications électroniques.
Le fait de consulter habituellement ou en contrepartie d’un paiement, un service de communication au public en
ligne mettant à disposition une telle image ou représentation d’acqurir ou de détenir une telle image ou
représentation par quelque moyen que ce soit est puni de deux ans d'emprisonnement et 30000 euros
d'amende.
Les infractions prévues au présent article sont punies de dix ans d'emprisonnement et de 500 000 Euros
d'amende lorsqu'elles sont commises en bande organisée.
La tentative des délits prévus au présent est punie des meme peines.
Les dispositions du présent article sont également applicables aux images pornographiques d'une personne
dont l'aspect physique est celui d'un mineurJ sauf s'il est établi que cette personne était âgée de dix-huit ans au
jour de la fixation ou de l'enregistrement de son image ».
227-24 : « Le fait soit de fabriquerJ de transporterJ de diffuser par quelque moyen que ce soit et quel qu'en
soit le support un message à caractère violent ou pornographique ou de nature à porter gravement atteinte à la
dignité humaine ou à inciter des mineurs à se livrer à des jeux les mettant physiquement en dangerJ soit de faire
commerce d'un tel messageJ est puni de trois ans d'emprisonnement et de 75 000 euros d'amende lorsque ce
message est susceptible d'être vu ou perçu par un mineur.
Lorsque les infractions prévues au présent article sont soumises par la voie de la presse écrite ou audiovisuelle
ou de la communication au public en ligneJ les dispositions particulières des lois qui régissent ces matières sont
applicables en ce qui concerne la détermination des personnes responsables ».
227-25 : « Le faitJ par un majeurJ d'exercer sans violenceJ contrainteJ menace ni surprise une atteinte sexuelle
sur la personne d'un mineur de quinze ans est puni de cinq ans d'emprisonnement et de 75000 euros
d'amende ».
227-26 : « L'infraction définie à l'article 227-25 est punie de dix ans d'emprisonnement et de 150000 euros
d'amende :
1° Lorsqu'elle est commise par un ascendant ou par toute autre personne ayant sur la victime une autorité de
droit ou de fait ;
2° Lorsqu'elle est commise par une personne qui abuse de l'autorité que lui confèrent ses fonctions ;
3° Lorsqu'elle est commise par plusieurs personnes agissant en qualité d'auteur ou de complice ;
4° Lorsque le mineur a été mis en contact avec l'auteur des faits grâce à l'utilisationJ pour la diffusion de
messages à destination d'un public non déterminéJ d'un réseau de communication électronique ;
165
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de produits stupéfiants ».
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-18 USC Sec. 2252A :"(a) Any person who
(1) knowingly mailsJ or transports or ships using any means or facility of interstate or foreign commerce or in or
affecting interstate or foreign commerce by any meansJ including by computerJ any child pornography;
(2) knowingly receives or distributes
(A) any child pornography that has been mailedJ or using any means or facility of interstate or foreign
commerce shipped or transported in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce by any meansJ including by
computer; or
(B) any material that contains child pornography that has been mailedJ or using any means or facility of
interstate or foreign commerce shipped or transported in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce by any
meansJ including by computer;…."
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,http://www.droit- technologie.org.
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-PASCAL Alix : Le droit de l’entreprise,( Virtualegis), 3/8/2009, http:// virtualegis.com.
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- Voir M.CHAWKI : Le vol d’informationJ quel cadre juridique aujourd’hui ?J Droit-TicJ Juillet
2006J p5.
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2
-CA Anvers,13/12/1984,Paris,RDIT, 1986, p 224. Voir aussi Cass.CrimJ
12/01/1989,Bull.Crim,n°4.
3
- Voir M.CHAWKI ,( Le vol d’information….),op.cit,p11.
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1
-311-1 : « Le vol est la soustraction frauduleuse de la chose d'autrui ».
2
-311-2 : « La soustraction frauduleuse d'énergie au préjudice d'autrui est assimilée au
vol ».
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-la loi de 1916 sur le vol considère comme voleur celui quiJ en connaissance de causeJ et
avec l’intention de commettre une fraudeJ prend et emporte « takes and carries away» une «
chose mobilière » appartenant à autrui.
4
- l’article 1de loi de 1968 sur le vol dispose que la personne est coupable d’infraction de
vol si elle prend par un moyen malhonnête les biens d’autrui dans l’intention d’appropriation.
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- Art 313-1 « L’escroquerie c'est-à-dire le fait soit par l’usage d’un faux nom ou d’une fausse qualité soit par
l’abus d’une qualité vraie Jsoit par l’emploi de manœuvres frauduleuses Jde tromper une personne physique ou
morale et de la déterminer ainsi Jà son préjudice ou au préjudice d’un tiers Jà remettre des fonds Jdes valeurs
ou un bien quelconque Jà fournir un service ou à consentir un acte opérant obligation ou décharge »
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2 -18 usc 1030 : « (a) Whoever
(1) having knowingly accessed a computer without authorization or exceeding authorized accessJ and by means
of such conduct having obtained information that has been determined by the United States Government
pursuant to an Executive order or statute to require protection against unauthorized disclosure for reasons of
national defense or foreign relationsJ or any restricted dataJ as defined in paragraph y. of section 11 of the
Atomic Energy Act of 1954J with reason to believe that such information so obtained could be used to the injury
of the United StatesJ or to the advantage of any foreign nation willfully communicatesJ deliversJ transmitsJ or
causes to be communicatedJ deliveredJ or transmittedJ or attempts to communicateJ deliverJ transmit or cause to
be communicatedJ deliveredJ or transmitted the same to any person not entitled to receive itJ or willfully retains
the same and fails to deliver it to the officer or employee of the United States entitled to receive it;
(2) intentionally accesses a computer without authorization or exceeds authorized accessJ and thereby obtains
(A) information contained in a financial record of a financial institutionJ or of a card issuer as defined in section
1602 (n) of title 15J or contained in a file of a consumer reporting agency on a consumerJ as such terms are
defined in the Fair Credit Reporting Act;
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(B) information from any department or agency of the United States; or

(C) information from any protected computer;
(3) intentionallyJ without authorization to access any nonpublic computer of a department or agency of the United
StatesJ accesses such a computer of that department or agency that is exclusively for the use of the
Government of the United States orJ in the case of a computer not exclusively for such useJ is used by or for the
Government of the United States and such conduct affects that use by or for the Government of the United
States;…..”
1
-CALIFORNIA PENAL CODE 502(c)"COMPREHENSIVE COMPUTER DATA ACCESS AND FRAUD ACT"(1)
Knowingly accesses and without permission alters, damages,
deletes, destroys, or otherwise uses any data, computer, computer system, or computer network in order to
either (A) devise or execute any scheme or artifice to defraud, deceive, or extort, or (B) wrongfully control or
obtain money, property, or data.(2) Knowingly accesses and without permission takes, copies, ormakes use of
any data from a computer, computer system, or computernetwork, or takes or copies any supporting
documentation, whether existing or residing internal or external to a computer, computer system, or computer
network.(3) Knowingly and without permission uses or causes to be used computer services.(4) Knowingly
accesses and without permission adds, alters, damages, deletes, or destroys any data, computer software, or
computer programs which reside or exist internal or external to a computer, computer system, or computer
network.(5) Knowingly and without permission disrupts or causes the disruption of computer services or denies
or causes the denial of computer services to an authorized user of a computer, computer system, or computer
network.(6) Knowingly and without permission provides or assists in providing a means of accessing a computer,
computer system, or computer network in violation of this section.(7) Knowingly and without permission accesses
or causes to be accessed any computer, computer system, or computer network.(8) Knowingly introduces any
computer contaminant into any computer, computer system, or computer network.(9) Knowingly and without
permission uses the Internet domain name of another individual, corporation, or entity in connection with the
sending of one or more electronic mail messages, and thereby damage or causes damage to a computer,
computer system, or computer network”. mandreptla.org
2
-18-2202. Computer crime : “(1) Any person who knowingly accesses, attempts to access or uses, or
attempts to use any computer, computer system, computer network, or any part thereof for the purpose of:
devising or executing any scheme or artifice to defraud; obtaining money, property, or services by means of false
or fraudulent pretenses, representations, or promises; or committing theft; commits computer crime.”
www.legislature.idaho.gov
3
-45-6-311. Unlawful use of a computer: “(1) A person commits the offense of unlawful use of a computer if
the person knowingly or purposely:
(a) obtains the use of any computer, computer system, or computer network without consent of the owner; (b)
alters or destroys or causes another to alter or destroy a computer program or computer software without
consent of the owner; or (c) obtains the use of or alters or destroys a computer, computer system, computer
network, or any part thereof as part of a deception for the purpose of obtaining money, property, or computer
services from the owner of the computer, computer system, computer network, or part thereof or from any other
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person.(2) A person convicted of the offense of unlawful use of a computer involving property not exceeding
$1,500 in value shall be fined not to exceed $1,500 or be imprisoned in the county jail for a term not to exceed
6 months, or both. A person convicted of the offense of unlawful use of a computer involving property exceeding
$1,500 in value shall be fined not more than 2 1/2 times the value of the property used, altered, destroyed, or
obtained or be imprisoned in the state prison for a term not to exceed 10 years, or both”.policy.mofcom.gov.cn
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partie ou en tout par l’intelligence humaine et pouvant bénéficier d’une protection légale »
Association canadienne pour les études supérieures: Propriété intellectuelle Jun guide pour étudiants de cycle
supérieur Jp3.http:// www.acpes.ca.
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2
- Alberto Manguel écrit: "je me repose avec confiance sur les possibilités que m'offre l'informatique que de
traquer dans des bibliothèques plus vaste que celle d'Alexandrie un renseignement inaccessible Jet mon
ordinateur personnel peut "accéder" à toutes sortes de livre". Voir M.Gabriel DE BORGLIE :Le droit
d’auteur et l’internet,rapport du groupe de travail et de l’academie des sciences morales et
politiques, cahiet des sciences morales et politiques, PUF, 2001, p18.
3
- Voir M. Gabriel DE BORGLIE , ibid, p20.
4
- Sophie HEIN: La circulation des œuvres littéraires sur les info routes, http://www.lex-electronica.or
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1
- Article L335-2 du code de la prpriété intellectuelle : « Toute édition d'écritsJ de composition musicaleJ de
dessinJ de peinture ou de toute autre productionJ imprimée ou gravée en entier ou en partieJ au mépris des lois
et règlements relatifs à la propriété des auteursJ est une contrefaçon et toute contrefaçon est un délit.
La contrefaçon en France d'ouvrages publiés en France ou à l'étranger est punie de trois ans d'emprisonnement
et de 300 000 euros d'amende.
Seront punis des mêmes peines le débitJ l'exportation et l'importation des ouvrages contrefaisants.
Lorsque les délits prévus par le présent article ont été commis en bande organiséeJ les peines sont portées à
cinq ans d'emprisonnement et à 500 000 euros d'amende. »
2 -Voir Loi relative à la protection pénale de la propriété littéraire et artistique sur internet , http://
Wikipedia.org.
- Anthoni BEM :Ordonnance relative à la loi HADOBI 2J la protection pénale de la propriété intéllectuelle et
protection des donnéesJhttp:// admin.ch.
- Loi n° 2009-1311 du 28 octobre 2009 relative à la protection pénale de la propriété littéraire et artistique sur
internetJhttp:// www.legifrance.gouv.fr.
3
-Voir Mercel DUBE :La protection et exploitation de la propriété intéllectuelleJ p17Jhttp:// archipel.uquan.com.
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-Voir Blanchiment des capitaux : nouvelle tendance de la Cybercriminalité en 2006,
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2
-Art 324-1 :" Le blanchiment est le fait de faciliterJ par tout moyenJ la justification mensongère de l'origine des
biens ou des revenus de l'auteur d'un crime ou d'un délit ayant procuré à celui-ci un profit direct ou indirect.
Constitue également un blanchiment le fait d'apporter un concours à une opération de placementJ de
dissimulation ou de conversion du produit direct ou indirect d'un crime ou d'un délit.
Le blanchiment est puni de cinq ans d'emprisonnement et de 375000 euros d'amende".
3
-Art 324-2 :" Le blanchiment est puni de dix ans d'emprisonnement et de 750000 euros d'amende :
1° Lorsqu'il est commis de façon habituelle ou en utilisant les facilités que procure l'exercice d'une activité
professionnelle ;
2° Lorsqu'il est commis en bande organisée".
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Les différents types de drogues:
Le cannabis (herbe Jrésine Jhuile)
La cocaïne (poudre)
Le crack (mélange de cocaïne Jbicarbonate de soude et ammoniaque)
L’opium (plante ressemblant au coquelicot)
La morphine (extraite de l’opium)
Les substances psychotropes (des centaines de variétés)
Dépresseurs – Hallucinogènes
Stimulants – Inhalants
Les drogues locales.
Les colles
Les solvant (éther Jacétone Jtrichloréthylène )
Les carburants (essence à moteur)
Les gaz (propulseurs des bombes aérosols)
Aissa KASMI: situation actuelle du phénomène de la drogue en Algérie, séminaire national d’information et de
sensibilisation sur les dangers de la drogue, office National de lutte contre la drogue et la Toxicomanie, Ministère
de la justice, Tlemcen: 20-21 Novembre 2006, p6.
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2
-222-37 : « Le transport, la détention, l'offre, la cession, l'acquisition ou l'emploi illicites
de stupéfiants sont punis de dix ans d'emprisonnement et de 7 500 000 euros d'amende.
Est puni des mêmes peines le fait de faciliter, par quelque moyen que ce soit, l'usage illicite
de stupéfiants, de se faire délivrer des stupéfiants au moyen d'ordonnances fictives ou de
complaisance, ou de délivrer des stupéfiants sur la présentation de telles ordonnances en
connaissant leur caractère fictif ou complaisant. »
3
-Voir Abbas JABER : Les infractions commises sur internetJ L’HarmattantJ ParisJ p 100.
-Ivana OBRADOVIC(OFDT) : Legislations relatives à l’usage et à la detention de cannabis : définitions et état
des lieux en Europe , Note n°2011-19, Saint-Denis, p 4, http://www.ofdt.fr.
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-Le commerce électronique peut être définit comme l'ensemble des échanges électroniques liés aux activités
commerciales. Il recouvre toute opération de vente de biens et de services via un canal électronique.
pufJ 1ere édJ: Que sais-je? Le commerce électronique François Leslé Nicolas Macarez 2001. Jp4.
Boubaker Nobel El Houssine: Travaux pratiques de commerce électronique, Institut des université de hautes
études commerciales de Sousse, année universitaire 2004/2005,Sousse Jp5, http://www.web2-com.com
-Henri ISAAC, Pierre Volle: E- Commerce Jde la stratégie à la mise en œuvre opérationnelle, Pearson
éducation France, Paris,2008, p12-13.
-Vincent VIGNEAU: Commerce électronique et Protection des consommateurs, Master 2, droit des nouvelles
technologies de l'information et de la communication , université de Versailles- Saint- Quentin en Yvelines,
année universitaire 2010/2011, p7.
Olivier AUZON: Le droit de Commerce électronique,édition du puit fleuri, 2007,p13.
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3
JCPJ1988J Doct 3321

- Raymond Gassin Jop cit Jn°199 Jp32.
4
5
- Xavier LINANT De BELLEFOND et Allan HOLLANDE :Pratique du droit de l’ informatique
et de l’internet, 6ème éd, Delmas, 2008, p239.
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-323-2 : « Le fait d'entraver ou de fausser le fonctionnement d'un système de traitement automatisé
de données est puni de cinq ans d'emprisonnement et de 75000 euros d'amende.
Lorsque cette infraction a été commise à l'encontre d'un système de traitement automatisé de
données à caractère personnel mis en oeuvre par l'EtatJ la peine est portée à sept ans
d'emprisonnement et à 100 000 € d'amende ».
323-3: « Le fait d'introduire frauduleusement des données dans un système de traitement
automatisé ou de supprimer ou de modifier frauduleusement les données qu'il contient est puni de
cinq ans d'emprisonnement et de 75000 euros d'amende
Lorsque cette infraction a été commise à l'encontre d'un système de traitement automatisé de
données à caractère personnel mis en oeuvre par l'Etat, la peine est portée à sept ans
d'emprisonnement et à 100 000 € d'amende. »
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loi du 9/07/2001Jp3, http:// www.consultandraining.com.
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- Reuven YOUNG : Defining TerrorismJ The Evolution of Terrorism as a Legal Concept in
International Law and Its Influence on Definitions in Domestic Legislation, Boston College International
and Comparative Law ReviewJ Volume 29, Issue 1, Article 3, p3, http:// lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu
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-421-1 : « Constituent des actes de terrorismeJ lorsqu'elles sont intentionnellement en relation avec une
entreprise individuelle ou collective ayant pour but de troubler gravement l'ordre public par l'intimidation ou la
terreurJ les infractions suivantes : 1°………..,
2° Les volsJ les extorsionsJ les destructionsJ dégradations et détériorationsJ ainsi que les infractions en matière
informatique définis par le livre III du présent code,………... »
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Title 18, section 1030.The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act.
Title 18, section 1961. Rico predicate offenses.
Title 18, section 2331. Definition of domestic and international terrorism.
Title 18, section 2510. The Wiretap Statue.
Title 18, section 2702 et seq. The Electronic Communications Privacy Act.
Title 18, section 3056. Secret Service Jurisdiction.
Title 18, section 3177. Definition of Terrorism Offenses.
Title 18, section 3103 (a).Delayed notice warrants.
Title 18, section 3121. The open register and trap and trace statute.
Title 18, section 3286. Statue of limitations for terrorism offenses.
Title 47, section 551. The cable Act.
Federal Prule of criminal procedure 6(e). sharing grand jury information.
Provisions Not Amending United States Code or Federal Rules1.
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- 411-1:" Les faits définis par les articles 411-2 à 411-11 constituent la trahison lorsqu'ils sont commis par
un Français ou un militaire au service de la France et l'espionnage lorsqu'ils sont commis par toute autre
personne.
2
-Article 411-6 :" Le fait de livrer ou de rendre accessibles à une puissance étrangèreJ à une entreprise ou
organisation étrangère ou sous contrôle étranger ou à leurs agents des renseignementsJ procédésJ objetsJ
documentsJ données informatisées ou fichiers dont l'exploitationJ la divulgation ou la réunion est de nature à
porter atteinte aux intérêts fondamentaux de la nation est puni de quinze ans de détention criminelle et de
225000 euros d'amende."
Article 411-7 :" Le fait de recueillir ou de rassemblerJ en vue de les livrer à une puissance étrangèreJ à une
entreprise ou organisation étrangère ou sous contrôle étranger ou à leurs agentsJ des renseignementsJ
procédésJ objetsJ documentsJ données informatisées ou fichiers dont l'exploitationJ la divulgation ou la réunion
est de nature à porter atteinte aux intérêts fondamentaux de la nation est puni de dix ans d'emprisonnement et
de 150000 euros d'amende".
Article 411-8 :" Le fait d'exercerJ pour le compte d'une puissance étrangèreJ d'une entreprise ou
organisation étrangère ou sous contrôle étranger ou de leurs agentsJ une activité ayant pour but l'obtention ou la
livraison de dispositifsJ renseignementsJ procédésJ objetsJ documentsJ données informatisées ou fichiers dont
l'exploitationJ la divulgation ou la réunion est de nature à porter atteinte aux intérêts fondamentaux de la nation
est puni de dix ans d'emprisonnement et de 150000 euros d'amende".
Article 411-9 :" Le fait de détruireJ détériorer ou détourner tout documentJ matérielJ constructionJ
équipementJ installationJ appareilJ dispositif technique ou système de traitement automatisé d'informations ou d'y
apporter des malfaçonsJ lorsque ce fait est de nature à porter atteinte aux intérêts fondamentaux de la nationJ
est puni de quinze ans de détention criminelle et de 225000 euros d'amende Lorsqu'il est commis dans le but
de servir les intérêts d'une puissance étrangèreJ d'une entreprise ou organisation étrangère ou sous contrôle
étrangerJ le même fait est puni de vingt ans de détention criminelle et de 300000 euros d'amende."
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intent or reason to believe that the information is to be used to the injury of the United StatesJ or to the
advantage of any foreign nationJ goes uponJ entersJ flies overJ or otherwise obtains information concerning any
vesselJ aircraftJ work of defenseJ navy yardJ naval stationJ submarine baseJ fueling stationJ fortJ batteryJ torpedo
stationJ dockyardJ canalJ railroadJ arsenalJ campJ factoryJ mineJ telegraphJ telephoneJ wirelessJ or signal stationJ
buildingJ officeJ research laboratory or station or other place connected with the national defense owned or
constructedJ or in progress of construction by the United States or under the control of the United StatesJ or of
any of its officersJ departmentsJ or agenciesJ or within the exclusive jurisdiction of the United StatesJ or any
place in which any vesselJ aircraftJ armsJ munitionsJ or other materials or instruments for use in time of war are
being madeJ preparedJ repairedJ storedJ or are the subject of research or developmentJ under any contract or
agreement with the United StatesJ or any department or agency thereofJ or with any person on behalf of the
United StatesJ or otherwise on behalf of the United StatesJ or any prohibited place so designated by the
President by proclamation in time of war or in case of national emergency in which anything for the use of the
377
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obtainsJ or attempts to copyJ takeJ makeJ or obtainJ any sketchJ photographJ photographic negativeJ blueprintJ
planJ mapJ modelJ instrumentJ applianceJ documentJ writingJ or note of anything connected with the national
defense; or
(c)WhoeverJ for the purpose aforesaidJ receives or obtains or agrees or attempts to receive or obtain from any
personJ or from any source whateverJ any documentJ writingJ code bookJ signal bookJ sketchJ photographJ
photographic negativeJ blueprintJ planJ mapJ modelJ instrumentJ applianceJ or noteJ of anything connected with
the national defenseJ knowing or having reason to believeJ at the time he receives or obtainsJ or agrees or
attempts to receive or obtain itJ that it has been or will be obtainedJ takenJ madeJ or disposed of by any person
contrary to the provisions of this chapter; or
(d)WhoeverJ lawfully having possession ofJ access toJ control overJ or being entrusted with any documentJ
writingJ code bookJ signal bookJ sketchJ photographJ photographic negativeJ blueprintJ planJ mapJ modelJ
instrumentJ applianceJ or note relating to the national defenseJ or information relating to the national defense
which information the possessor has reason to believe could be used to the injury of the United States or to the
advantage of any foreign nationJ willfully communicatesJ deliversJ transmits or causes to be communicatedJ
deliveredJ or transmitted or attempts to communicateJ deliverJ transmit or cause to be communicatedJ delivered
or transmitted the same to any person not entitled to receive itJ or willfully retains the same and fails to deliver it
on demand to the officer or employee of the United States entitled to receive it; or
(e)Whoever having unauthorized possession ofJ access toJ or control over any documentJ writingJ code bookJ
signal bookJ sketchJ photographJ photographic negativeJ blueprintJ planJ mapJ modelJ instrumentJ applianceJ or
note relating to the national defenseJ or information relating to the national defense which information the
possessor has reason to believe could be used to the injury of the United States or to the advantage of any
foreign nationJ willfully communicatesJ deliversJ transmits or causes to be communicatedJ deliveredJ or
transmittedJ or attempts to communicateJ deliverJ transmit or cause to be communicatedJ deliveredJ or
transmitted the same to any person not entitled to receive itJ or willfully retains the same and fails to deliver it to
the officer or employee of the United States entitled to receive it; or
(f)WhoeverJ being entrusted with or having lawful possession or control of any documentJ writingJ code bookJ
signal bookJ sketchJ photographJ photographic negativeJ blueprintJ planJ mapJ modelJ instrumentJ applianceJ
noteJ or informationJ relating to the national defenseJ…”
1
- 18 USC § 1030:”(a)Whoever :
(1)having knowingly accessed a computer without authorization or exceeding authorized accessJ and by means
of such conduct having obtained information that has been determined by the United States Government
pursuant to an Executive order or statute to require protection against unauthorized disclosure for reasons of
national defense or foreign relationsJ or any restricted dataJ as defined in paragraph y. of section 11 of the
Atomic Energy Act of 1954J with reason to believe that such information so obtained could be used to the injury
of the United StatesJ or to the advantage of any foreign nation willfully communicatesJ deliversJ transmitsJ or
causes to be communicatedJ deliveredJ or transmittedJ or attempts to communicateJ deliverJ transmit or cause to
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(3)intentionallyJ without authorization to access any nonpublic computer of a department or agency of the United
StatesJ accesses such a computer of that department or agency that is exclusively for the use of the
Government of the United States orJ in the case of a computer not exclusively for such useJ is used by or for the
Government of the United States and such conduct affects that use by or for the Government of the United
States.”
- Charles DOYLE :CybercrimeJA sketch of 18 usc 1030 and related federal criminal lawsJ the librery of
congress ,CRS, 25 february2008,p2 et suite.
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.1997 J&:546
.1996 J1&A3<46 J!.Q&;46 !g=546 &6% Jj3A&[6 !=26'/ NF !.@35246 !03.046:Z.35 %.- W.A6&Q6/%
.2006 J&@67246 J!/'A &6% J!;Q6&46 !;QS46 JW3;46 N@67246 9'53<46 NF 7.2'46:!;.<0'Q 90"E /%
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.2009 J&$/ J!.5'53<46 j()46
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.1989
J!nn n n.Q&;46 !gnn n n=546 &6% J 3nn nnO46 W0nn n n<46 JZ6'n n n /P6 Cnn n nB- ^6%nn n n(-[6 W@6&n n n2 :1'nn n nSO 'nn n nQE NI'nn n n: %nn n n/"E /%
.1994J1&A3<46
.2001 J1&A3<46 JG3Q'<;46 9'53I NF !.5?;B4 !/3;46 W3)"P6 :N#.#- %.046 %/"E/%
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.1990 J1&A3<46
J!.Q&;46 !g=546 &6% J!0/3O46 !;QS46 JW3;46 W0<46 JG3Q'<;46 9'53I NF S.0'46 :&'&0 N"(F %/"E /%
.1991 J1&A3<46
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.1990 JU.(3A &:546 &6% J1&A3<46 !;/32
.2002 J!.B.B"( !06&% JT&S(46 ' T5;46 ' j3A&[6 j3Q0E :9.0"46 7.7;46 %Q- G5Q ^3/0E/%
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.1992 J&@67246 J!.;/3246
.1988 J1&A3<46 Jj.&8 !Q()/ J!.53D46 !;QS46 JG6&%O/46 W@6&2 :NQAM46 N438 &6'%R /%
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.1998 J1&A3<46 J!.Q&;46 !g=546 &6% J 3O46 W0<46 JG3Q'<;46 9'53I :&.K$46 NI3Q46 %Q- Z./2 /%
398
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.2006 J&@67246 J!.;/3246
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.2006 J&@67246 J!.;/3246
.1991J!.&%5)0[6 JT&3;/46 1`:5/ J 3O46 G3Q'<;46 9'53I :d'3#$&/46 V%3$ 90" /%
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.2007 J&@67246
JT&3nn ;/46 1`:nn 5/ JNBO6%nn 46 !nn 4'%46 9nn /E Cnn B- 96'%nn ;46 J 3nn O46 W0nn <46 JG3nn Q'<;46 9'53nn I :W3nn 5=Q e.0nn /&/%
.1982 J!.&%5)0[6
.1985 JN;/3246 &)#46 &6% J!5/3D46 !;QS46 JZ6'/46 ' 3O:46 CB- ^6%(-[6 W@6&2 :%.Q- T'k&/%
.1981 JZ$'/46 J&:546 ' !-3QSB4 j()46 &6% JNI6&;46 ].&:(46 NF e02(46 :N/h-P6 %;0
.2002 J!.&%5)0[6 J1%.%246 !;/3246 &6% JG3Q'<;46 9'53I 9/ W3;46 W0<46 :W;5/46 %Q- 93/.B0 /%
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.2002 J!.&%5)0[6
.2001 J1&A3<46 J!.Q&;46 !g=546 &6% JC4'P6 !;QS46 J9'53<46 NF !/h5/46 !/.&246 :Z/3) %.0 T.&:
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.1997J1&A3<46
J!nn .Q&;46 !gnn =546 &6% J 3Onn :P6 Cnn B- ^6%nn (-[6 W@6&n n2 J 3nn O46 W0nn <46 JG3nn Q'<;46 9'53nn I :&'&nn 0 V&3nn S
.2000J1&A3<46
.&@67246 J!/'A &6% J!.53D46 !;QS46 J 3O46 G3Q'<;46 9'53I :N5?-7 %.2/46 %Q- /%
J!n.Q&;46 !gn=546 &6% J9'53n<46 ' !./?n0[6 !;.&:n46 NnF N@3n5246 W3nh5B4 !n/3;46 W3n)"P6 :N#.$46 r3(#46 %Q-
.2004 J1&A3<46
G3nn-'QS/46 96'n .% J"!nn/.&246" JZ'P6 ^7nn246 JW3nn;46 W0nn<46 Jd&nn@76 246 G3nnQ'<;46 9'53nnI r&nn: :93/.Bnn0 s6 %nnQ-
.1996 J&@67246 J!.;/3246
!nn ;QS46 J"N@3nn5246 ^67n 246" JN53nnD46 ^7nn 246 JW3nn ;46 W0nn <46 Jd&nn @76 246 G3nn Q'<;46 9'53nn I r&nn : :93/.Bnn 0 s6 %nn Q-
.2005 J&@67246 J!.;/3246 G3-'QS/46 96'.% J!;Q6&46
.2006 J1&A3<46 J!.Q&;46 !g=546 &6% Jj3A&[6 T.&;( NF !B):/46 :%:6& 9.%46 ^?-
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.2008 J!.I'<"46 NQB"46
399
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.1982 JV6&;46 JN/B;46 \"Q46' N43;46
J!nn.;/3246 G3nn-'QS/46 &6% JZ'P6 j3nn()46 JW3nn;46 W0nn<46 JG3nnQ'<;46 9'53nnI r&nn: :N2'nn=<46 &%3nn<46 %nnQ- NnnB-
.1997 J!.&%5)0[6
.1992 J!.&%5)0[6J!.;/3246 !F3<D46 !00k/ JW6&2[6 WB- z%3Q/ :N2'=<46 &%3<46 %Q- NB-
J&nn@76 246 NnnF 3nn=("F3)/' 3nn=5/ !nn.3I'43Q !nn<B;(/46 G6^6&n 2H6 ' 9.56'n <46 ' Z6'n /P6 i.nn.Q( :7nn.7;46 %nnQ- %3nn.-
.2007 J!.5'%BO46 &6% JC4'P6 !;QS46
.2004 J1&A3<46 J&:546 ' !-3QSB4 ^?- &6% JC4'P6 !;QS46 JZ6'/P6 Z08 !"F3)/ :93/.B0 r3(#46 %Q-
.2005J93/- J].7'(46 ' &:5B4 !.5S'46 !)&:46 JG3Q'<;46 9'53I NF !.I?OP6 W@6&246 :%;0 7.7;46 %Q- /%
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.2013 J!.&%5)0[6 JN;/3246 &)#46 &6% J3.B;46 !.&'(0%46 !/)"/46 ' i<546
.1984J!.&%5)0[6J!.;/3246 G3-'QS/46 &6% JZ6'/P6 ' 3O:P6 W@6&2:%/"/ i'- /%
&6% J&nn@76 246 !nn;/32 J!.-35$nn46 ' !nn.5#46 ' !nn.Q%P6 !nn.)B/46 J!nn.&)#46 !nn.)B/46 Cnn4R ZO%nn/46:enn.&%R NBnng3F /%
.2004/2003 J!/'A
J!nn n .;/3246 G3nn n -'QS/46 &6% JZ'P6 j3nn n ()46 JW3nn n ;46 W0nn n <46 JG3nn n Q'<;46 9'53nn n I :N4M3:nn n 46 s6 %nn n Q- r'nn n (F /%
.1998J!.&%5)0[6
.1992J1&A3<46J!.Q&;46 !g=546 &6% JW3;46 W0<46 JG3Q'<;46 9'53I r&: :&3(046 %Q- !.7'F /%
!.-35$nn n46 !nn n.)B/46 V'nn n<" J!nn .&)#46 V'nn n<"46 Jd&nn @76 246 d&3nn 2(46 9'53nn <46 Nnn F Znn n/3)46 :_43nn n$ d'6&7 !nn n"&F
.2006 J96&A' J].7'(46 ' &:5B4 9'%BO 9QR J!.5#46 ' !.Q%P6 !.)B/46 V'<" !.&32(46'
.&@67246 J!.;/3246 G3-'QS/46 96'.% JZ6'/P6 Z08 !"F3)/4 N5'53<46 &3S[6 :NB- j:;4
.2007 J!.&%5)0[6 J1%.%246 !;/3246 &6% JW3;46 W0<46 JG3Q'<;46 9'53I:&/3- 'QE N)7 %/"/ /%
.1&A3<46 J!.Q&;46 !g=546 &6% JZ6'/P6 Z08 NF !.@352 !.03.0 :6':46 N/30 %/"/
.2006 J&@67246Jc%=46 &6% J!5&3</ !06&% J767(Q[6 ' !I&046 3(/.&2 :N"6& %/"/
.2003 J!.&%5)0[6 JN;/3246 &)#46 &6% J!5&3</ !06&% J!.4'%46 !/.&246 :N4%3;46 _43$ %'/"/ /%
J1&A3n<46 J!n.Q&;46 !gn=546 &6% J!;Q30n46 !n;QS46 JW3n;46 W0n<46 JG3nQ'<;46 9'53nI r&n: :N50" j.25 %'/"/ /%
.1989
.1988J1&A3<46 J!.Q&;46 !g=546 &6% J 3O46 W0<46 JG3Q'<;46 9'53I r&: :N50" j.25 %'/"/ /%
.1998 J1&A3<46 J!.Q&;46 !g=546 &6% J 3O46 W0<46 JG3Q'<;46 9'53I NF e'&% :93g/& G"%/ /%
400
J93nn5Q4 J!nn.I'<"46 NnnQB"46 G6&':nn5/ JCnn4'P6 !nn;QS46 J!nn/.&2B4 d%3nn/46 9)&nn46 :c&3nn."46 %nn/"/ %nn/"E 7nn;/ /%
.2010
G3nn-'QS/46 &6% J&'7nn46 1%3=nn: ' &6&n0P6 ^3:nnFR ' jM3nn)46 X?Qnn46 ' jQ0nn46 ' TMnn<46 :j6'n (46 %nnQ- i'nn;/
.1988 J!.&%5)0H6 J!.;/3246
.2004 J!.&%5)0[6 J1%.%246 !;/3246 &6% J!;.&:46 ^'g NF !@.Q46 !.3/" 9'53I :'B"46 j86& %23/ /%
.2004 J!.&%5)0[6 J1%.%246 !;/3246 &6% Jd&6%[6 9'53<46 :'B"46 j86& %23/ /%
&6% JZ'P6 ^7nn 246 J!nn /3;46 !"B$nn /43Q 1&gnn /46 W@6&n 246 J 3nn O46 W0nn <46 JG3nn Q'<;46 9'53nnI:!/?nn 0 9'/`nn/ /%
.1988 J1&A3<46 JN;/3246 &)#46
-197 JV:nn /% J1%nn .%246 !nn ;QS/46 J!nn ;Q6&46 !nn ;QS46 J!nn 4'%46 9nn /E Cnn B- !nn ;I6'46 W@6&n n246:Znng3#46 %nn /"/ /%
.1978
.1985 JG'&.Q J!/?046 &6% J2!;QS46 J!./?0[6 !;.&:46 NF U/3)"E' e02(46 :N/8%46 93)6& %/"/
9.5'53<46 ' !.Q&;46 G3;.&:(46 NF !5&3</ !06&% J!4'%46 9/E CB- !;I6'46 W@6&246 :C0'/ 93/.B0 %/"//%
G3-'QS/46 &6% J9305[6 V'<" z%3Q/ ' !.&'(0%46 !.S6&</.%46 W.A3#/46 ^'g NF N43S.[6 ' N05&#46
.2009J!.&%5)0[6 J!.;/3246
J!.;/3246 G3-'QS/46 96'.% J 3O46 W0<46 Jd&@67246 G3Q'<;46 9'53I r&: :W25 N"Q$ %/"//%
.2000J&@67246
&)#46 &6% J C4'P6 !;QS46 J3=(<"?/ G^6&26' !.-'g'/46 3=/3)"E Jj3A&[6 W@6&2 :%.;0 %'/"/ /%
.1995 J!.&%5)0[6 JN;/3246
J!nn.53D46 !nn;QS46 JG6&%nnO/46 W@6&n2 9nn/ !B$nn"(/46 Z6'n/P6 Z0nn8 1&A3nnhQ !.;.&:nn(46 !nn=26'/46:&A3nnS C#S$n/
.2004 J!S&:46 ]Q3S/
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.1996
!n;QS46 J!.%';0n46 !n.Q&;46 !n)B//46 NnF Un(3<.QS( ' N4'%n46 9'53n<46 z%3nQ/ :L'/6%n46 96'&gnO 9nQ &'$5/ /%
.1424 Ji3.&46 J!.5S'46 %=F LB/46 !Q()/ JC4'P6
.2008J!.&%5)0[6 J1%.%246 !;/3246 &6% JN05246 W6&2[6 :U.Q5 %./"46 %Q- 9.&05
J1&A3nn <46 J!nn .Q&;46 !gnn =546 &6% JN4'%nn 46 9'3nn ;(46 V3nn S5 Nnn F Z6'n n/P6 Z0nn 8 !nn /.&2:t'<:nn I %nn /3" c%nn A /%
.2001
J&$nn/ J!n-3QSB4 %n2/46 'nnQE &6% J2002 !50n4 80 WnI& Z6'n/P6 Z0n8 !n"F3)/ 9'53nnI :Z.-3/n06 ,3n2" %n.4'
.2002
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.2000 J1&A3<46 J!.Q&;46 !g=546 &6% JC4'P6 !;QS46 J!5&3</
.2006 J&@67246 J!/'A &6% JC4'P6 !;QS46 Jd&@67246 ].&:(46 NF !.(3/'B;/B4 !.@67246 !.3/"46 :1&3I Z3/E
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.2001 J9%&P6 J&:546' !-3QSB4 Z@6' &6% J1 nS J!5&3</
J 9%&P6 J&:nn5B4 Znn@6' &6% J!nn5&3</ !nn.B.B"( !nn06&%JG5&(5H6 ' Nnn4Y6 jnn03"46 W@6&n 2:!0nn-35/46 %nn/"E !/3nn0E
.2001 JC4'P6 !;QS46
!gnn =546 &6% J!nn D43D46 !nn;QS46JG3/'B;/46 L'nn 5Q ' !nn$3O46 13nn."B4 !nn.@35246 !nn .3/"46 :%nn.3I s6 %nn Q- !/3nn0E /%
.1994J1&A3<46 J!.Q&;46
.!.&%5)0[6 J!.;/3246 G3-'QS/46 &6% JG5&(5H6 !)Q: CB- !.(3/'B;/46 W@6&246 :T0'. ,&F &./E
.2007 J!.&%5)0[6 J1%.%246 !;/3246 &6% J!5&3</ !06&% JG3/'B;/46 Wh5 W@6&2 :d&)F s6 %Q- 9/.E /%
.2000 J1&A3<46 J!.Q&;46 !g=546 &6% JG5&(5H6 W@6&2 :V.(- %.046 /%
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.2007J!.&%5)0[6
J1&A3nn<46 J!nn.Q&;46 !gnn=546 &6%JCnn4'P6 !nn;QS46 JN@3nn5246 9'53nn<46 ' Gnn5&(5H6 :&.K$nn46 NI3nnQ46 %nnQ- Znn./2 /%
.1996
W6%O(nn 06 9nn - !@nn :3546 W@6&n n246 J!nn D.%"46 G3nn .2'4'5)(46 ' N@3nn 5246 9'53nn <46 :&.K$nn 46 NI3nn Q46 %nn Q- Znn ./2 /%
. 1992J1&A3<46 J!.Q&;46 !g=546 &6% JC4'P6 !;QS46 JZ'P6 j3()46 JN4Y6 j03"46
.1&A3<46 J!.Q&;46 !g=546 &6% J!D.%"46 3.2'4'5)(46 W@6&2 :&.K$46 NI3Q46 %Q- Z./2 /%
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. 2002J1&A3<46
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.1999J1&A3<46
J!nn.Q&;46 !gnn=546 &6% J9'53nn<46' !./?nn0[6 !;.&:nn46 9.nnQ Gnn5&(5H6 W@6&n2 :Nnn#4P6 %nn/"/ /EJd&F3nnK46 9.0nn" /%
.2008J1&A3<46
.2006J!.5'&()4[6 1&32(46 CB- !;I6'46 W@6&246 :d&F3K46 T.0 9Q %.;0 9Q 9.0" /%
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.2006J!.&%5)0[6
.2007 J&$/ J!.;/3246 &6%46 J!5&3</ !06&% JN5'&()4[6 %<;46 W6&QR:W.A6&QR r'%// %43O /%
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.2007 J1&A3<46 J!.Q&;46 !g=546 &6% Jd&$/46 ].&:(43Q
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.2007J1&A3<46 J!.Q&;46 !g=546 &6% J(G5&(5H6)
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.2007 J!.&%5)0[6
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.2009 J!.&%5)0[6 J1%.%246
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.2004
JN;/3n246 &n)#46 &6% JCn4'P6 !n;QS46 JGn5&(5[6 &nQ- !n.B<;46 G6&Dkn/46' G6&%nO/46 :e5'n. 9nQ %n/"/ &/- /%
.2003 J!.&%5)0H6
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Code pénal francais.
Loi relative à la protection pénale de la propriété littéraire et artistique.
Loi n°2009-1311 du 28 octobre 2009 relative à la protection pénale de la
propriété littéraire et artistique sur internet,www.legifrance.gouv.fr.
419
Code civil francais.
Code de procedure penale francais.
California penale code.
USA patriot act,www.fincen.gov.
Computer fraud and abuse act,cio.doe.gov.
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420
Ouvrages:
OUVRAGES GENERAUX:
Drogues,savoir plus,Livret juredique,INPES,avril 2004.
Jean LARGUIES:Droit penal special,8ed,cujas,1994.
JAUFFRET.Alfred: Droit commercial,20ème éd,LGDJ, Paris,1991,n°882.
Roger MERLE JAndré Vitu: Traité de droit criminal, droit pénal special, éd Cujas, 1982.
OUVRAGES SPECIAUX:
Adrian THAM : What is code red worm ?,Aug4,2001, SANS institute.
Abbas JABER:Les infractions commis sur internet, L’Harmattant, Paris.
Business information systèmes, 2ème édition, 2003.
Charles DOYLE :Cybercrime,a sketch of 18 usc 1030 and related federal criminal laws, the
librery of congress,CRS , 25 february 2008.
Djamel ADUCH: Signature électronique, aspects techniques, réglementaires et
organisationnels.
Direction des affaires criminelles et des graces : Le traitement judiciaire de la cybercriminalité,
guide méthodologique,Ministère de la justice, Trait d’union le Mans, mai 2002
Henri ISAAC, Pierre Volle: E- Commerce , de la stratégie à la mise en œuvre
opérationnelle,Pearson éducation France, Paris, 2008.
Henry AFTERMAN :la fraude informatique,GP.
J SOHIER :le guide d’exploration de l’internaute,éd logiques,Monteriel,1995.
Mohamed CHAWKI: Essai sur la notion de cybercriminalité, IEHEI, Juillet 2006.
M.CHAWKI :le vol d’information,quel cadre juridique aujourdhui !,droit-tic,juillet2006.
Nicolas MACAREZ, Francois LESLE :Que sais-je ?le commerce éléctronique,1ère
éd,puf,2001.
Olivier AUZON: Le droit de Commerce électronique, édition du puits fleuri, 2007.
Paul BAY: Cyber stalking , harassment in the internet age and how to protect your family,
British library ,2004.
Raymons GASSIN: Fraude informatique, Dalloz, 1995 , n°201et n°202.
Vincent FAUCHAUX,Pierre Depreg :Le droit de l’internaute loi, contrat et
usage,litec,paris,2008.
Xavier LINANT DE BELLEFOND et Allan HOLLANDE : Pratique de droit informatique
Pratique du droit de l’ informatique et de l’internet, 6ème éd, Delmas, 2008,
421
M.Gabriel DE BORGLIE :Le droit d’auteur et l’internet,rapport du groupe de travail et de
l’academie des sciences morales et politiques, cahiet des sciences morales et politiques,
PUF, 2001 .
LES THESES ET SEMINAIRES :
Alexandra GREENWOOD :Le statut de l’hebergeur et le web 2,0,mémoire master 2
professionnel-droit de l’internet public,Université Paris,Sorbonne,Année universitaire 2008-
2009.
Mohamed N.SALAM: Le piratage informatique, définition et problèmes- juridiques, mémoire
pour l’obtention du diplôme d’études approfondies en droit interne et international des
affaires, Université Libanaise, 2004
Vincent VIGNEAU: Commerce électronique et Protection des consommateurs, Master 2,
droit des nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication ,université de
Versailles- Saint- Quentin en Yvelines, année universitaire 201 0/2011.
Aissa KASMI: Situation actuelle du phénomène de la drogue en Algérie, séminaire national
d’information et de sensibilisation sur les dangers de la drogue, office National de lutte contre
la drogue et la Toxicomanie, Ministère de la justice, Tlemcen: 20-21 Novembre 2006.
ARTICLES :
Dr/ Ahmad A.Al-Ghadya : Digital signatures and liability issues arising out of their
certification, Journal of Law, n°2, Vol 28, June 2004.
Chamoux: La loi sur la fraude informatique, de nouvelles incriminations,JCP, 1988.
Dr/ Mohamed BUZABAR: La Criminalité informatique sur l’Internet, journal of Law, No. 1, vol.
20, 2002.
Jurisclasseur,communication,2000.
Jacqueline RIFFAULT :Le blanchimant des capitaux en droit compare,RCS, n° 2,Avril–
Juin ,1999.
Raymond GASSIN: Fraude informatique, Rép.Pénal. Dalloz,1995, n°201
Louise ELLISON and Yaman Akdeniz :Cyber-stalking,the rigulation of harassement on the
internet,Criminal law Review,December 1998,special edition crime,Criminal Justice and the
internet.
Nicolas DESURMONT :Vers une problémitique du harsselement criminel en résau,revue
internationale de criminologie et de police technique,vol 49,juillet-septembre 2006.
De nouvelles incriminations,JCP , 1988,doct 3321.
ARTICLES ET RAPPORTS SUR INTERNET :
Association canadienne pour les etudes superieures : Propriété intellectuelle, un guide pour
étudiants de cycle supérieur, www.acpes.ca.
422
Anthoni BEM : ordonnance relative a la loi HADOBI2,la protection penal de la proprieté
intelectuelle et protexion des données , admin.ch.
Blanchiment des capitaux nouvelles tendances de la cybercriminalité en 2006,www.zdnet.fr.
Boij: Victims of cyber stalking, available at net on: www.firstmonday.dk
Boubaker NOBEL EL HOUSSINE: Travaux pratiques de commerce électronique, Institut des
université de hautes études commerciales, de Sousse, année universitaires
2004/2005,Sousse,disponible à l’adresse: www.web2-com.com.
Brigite FILLON :La messagerie éléctronique sur internet,disponible à l’adresse
suivante :www.priaf.asso.kr.
Carlo MORSELLI ,Thomas GABOR ,Jhon KIEDROWSKI,M.A :Les facteurs qui faconnent le
crime organisé,Rapport n° 007,Canada,2010,www.mutah.edu.jo.
Centre canadien de la statistique juridique, collection.nlc-bnc.ca.
Cyberstalking laws ,www.haltabuse.org.
Cyberstalking, www.wikipedia.org.
Carlo MORSELLI, Thomas GABOR, Jhon KIEDROWSKI,M.A :Les facteurs qui façonnent le
crime organise, Rapport n° 007, Canada, 2010 ,publications.gs.ca.
Diffinition de banque de données sur web, dictionnaire-sensageat.com.
Definition of internet,www.futura-sciences.com;
Department of computer science: A Brief history of the internet ,www.sc.ucsb.edu.and
djelfa.info.
Didier GOBERT :Cadre juridique pour les signatures éléctroniques et les services de
certificats,analyse de loi du 09/07/2001, www.consultandraining.com.
Deuxieme congrés des nations unies,à vienne,sous le titre « la prévention du crime et le
traitement des délinquants »,10-17/04/2000, www.uncjin.org.
M le député Jean Marc NESME : Assemblée Nationale, rapport fait au nom de la
commission des affaires étrangéres sur le projet de loi n°905 autorisant l’approbation de la
convention sur la cybercriminalité,17/12/2004, www.assemblée-nationale.fr.
Michel BORDERA: the computer virus war, is the legal system fighting or surrending?,
wings.biffalo.edu
G8 :cybercriminalité, www.finance disponible.fr.
Harassement statistic, www.haltabuse.org.
Ivana OBRADOVIC (OFDT) : legislations relatives a l’usage et a la detention de cannabis:
définitions et état des lieux en Europe , Note n°2011-19, Saint-Denis, http://www.ofdt.fr.
Jean-chrysostome BOLOT,Walid DABBOUS :L’internet,historique et évolution.quel avenir
prévisible ?, planéte.inria.fr.
Jed ALL: Une cyber-patrouille de police sur internet , publié le 25 mars 2005, aliquid.free.fr
423
Joao GODOY : Computer and international criminal law: High tech crimes and criminals,New
England International and Comparative Law Annal, 2000,Lexisnexis.com.
Josselyne ABADI:Du harsselement au reseau au harcelement global .21 octobre
2011,conscience-vraie.info.
Lyes AFLOU : Le gouvernement algérien révise le Code pénal pour protéger la vie privée,
15/05/2006, Magharebia.com.
La definition de l’internet,www.lyceeb.com.
La définition du ministre de l’intérieure français Jvsabouni.free.fr et sur le site:
www.interieur.gouv.fr
L’harmonisation des moyens de lutte contre la cybercriminalité, revue de web réalisé le
22/04/2004, www.finances.gouv.fr
L’impossible définition universel de la cybercriminalité, disponible à l’adresse :www.village-
justice.com.
Les cybercriminels,rarement attrapés, faute de plainte, publier le 09/09/2010, disponible à
l’adresse :génération.t.com.
La violation des droits de l’homme sur internet, www.educnet.education.fr.
Marcel DUBE :la protection et l’exploitation de la propriété intellectuelle,archipel.uquan.com.
Michel BORDERA :the computer virus war,is the legal system fighting or surrending ?,
wings.biffalo.edu.
Margaret BEARE :les femmes et le crime organisé, rapport n° 013,Canada,2010,
publications.gs.ca.
MITONGO KALONI Tresor-Ghautier : Notion de cybercriminaliteJ Praxis d’une penalisation
delinquance electronique en droit penal Congolais, Université de Lubumbashi, 2010 , p 17,
www.leganet.cd.
Quest-ce qu’une tablette tactile ? Définition, www.maisondunumérique.com.
PASEAL Alix : virtualegis,le droit de l’entreprise,3/8/2009,virtualegis.com.
Premiere sanction d’un vol de données numeriques par un tribunal,article du 3/10/2011,le
figaro,lefigaro.fr.
Richmond VA:Internet Fraud Center, 9/4/03, www.ifccfbi.gov.
Sandy RIHANA :Introduction a l’internet,www.nachez.info.
Sophie HEIN: La circulation des œuvres littéraires sur les inforoutes, www.lex-electronica.or
Stalking, fr.wikipédia.org.
Service de presse nationale de fbi :Internet Fraud Center, www.ifccfbr.gov.
Thibault VERBIES:Pornographique et internet, comment réprimer ? , www.droit-
technologie.org.
424
The Federal Networking Council: Resolution dated, October 24, 1995, definition of internet,
www.Fnc.gov.
Une histoire de l’e-mail, www.arobase.org.
Us département of justice, www.justice.gov.
Vocabulaire de l’informatique et de l’internet, www.oc-money-metz.fy
Yanis DELMAS :Histoire de l’informatique,d’internet et du web,delmas-rigoutsas.nom.fr.
Y.AKDEMY et J.BELL:la vie privée et l’internet perspective du Royaume-Uni , chapitre 8,
Asmp.fr
Yaman AKDENIZ: International Developments Section Of Regulation Of Child Pornography on
the internet , www.cyber-righs.org.
JUGEMENTS ET DECISIONS DES TRIBUNAUX ETRANGERS:
T.G.I PARIS,réf 30 Avril 1997, d 1998, somm convenentes.
T.G.I PARIS, 14/08/1999 , La mise à disposition d’œuvres de Jacques BREL et de Michel Sardou
sur un site internet reproduites sans autorisation Jconstitue une contrefaçon JArt Music/ ENST et ECP.
Sté JEdition Pouchenel/ F. X. Bergot Brel ,http:// juriscom.net6.
T.G.I Paris, 1 CH.Correctionelle, Jugement du 16 Decembre 1996, www.legalis.net.
T.G.I de Clermont-Ferrand, Chambre Correctionelle, Jugement du 26 Septembre 2011,
www.legalis.net.
United States Cour of Appeal: USA V.Abraham Jacob Alkhabaz, January 29,1997, 104f.3d,
1492, en.wikipedia.org.
CA Anvers, 13/12/1984, Paris,RDIT, 1986.
Cass.Crim, 12/01/1989,Bull.Crim,n°4.
Diffamation et injures sur l’internet : le Tribunal de grande instance est déclaré compétent,
Ordonnance du 22 janvier 2003 du TGI Paris , http:// www.foruminternet.org,
Décision n°2004-496 DC, 10 juin2004 du conseil constitutionnel, www.droit-tic.com
425
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111 ....................................................................................................)%, /<G<)@,-
112 ......................Y<?+<V- ?MA Bv)[,- 6)=3,- B&?] IA -#+AV- fN-?9 e-G<' :\Ci- e?s,-
?MA Bv)[,- 6)=3,- B&?] IA -#+AV- fN-?9 W& B<U)@T,- S)*J?n+,- cKG& :/<):,- e?s,-
114 ........................................................................................................Y<?+<V-
130 ...........................................................Y<?+<V- ?MA 6FU)LT,- BTJ?9:/<):,- {3MT,-
132 .................................Y<?+<V- ?MA 6FU)LT,- BTJ?9 cJ?*; :\Ci- e?s,-:\Ci- 2ILT,-
133 ....................... .Y<?+<Z- ?MA 6FU)LT,- BTJ?9 R)D;U- /X B*M+T,- 2=,)ui- :/<):,- e?s,-
135 .................... Y<?+<Z- ?MA 6FU)LT,- BTJ?9 W& B<U)@T,- S)*J?n+,- cKG&:/<):,- 2ILT,-
135 ...................... .Y<?+<Z- ?MA 6FU)LT,- BTJ?9 W& B=>?t,- S)*J?n+,- cKG& :\Ci- e?s,-
139 ........................Y<?+<Z- ?MA 6FU)LT,- BTJ?9 W& B=>?*,- S)*J?n+,- cKG& :/<):,- e?s,-
143 .................................. ........................R%?Q%S5 ?E# )/=efW5 IJ5?635:`3!a35 >+,35
144 ......... ........................ .Y<?+<V- ?MA B*K-G,- B&)*,- R-F0- )%+<- fN-?9:\Ci- {3MT,-
144 ............................Y<?+<Z- ?MA B*K-G,- B&)*,- R-F0- )%+<- BTJ?9 B=!)&:\Ci- 2ILT,-
144 .......................... .Y<?+<V- ?MA B*K-G,- B&)*,- R-F0- )%+<- BTJ?9 cJ?*; :\Ci- e?s,-
145 ........................... .Y<?+<V- ?MA B*K-G,- B&)*,- R-F0- )%+<- BTJ?9 p)_U' :/<):,- e?s,-
?MA B*K-G,- B&)*,- R-F0- )%+<- BTJ?9 W& B<U)@T,- S)*J?n+,- cKG&:/<):,- 2ILT,-
147 ........................... ........................ ........................ ........................ .Y<?+<Z-
?MA B*K-G,- B&)*,- R-F0- )%+<- BTJ?9 W& B=>?t,- S)*J?n+,- cKG& :\Ci- e?s,-
147 ............................ ........................ ........................ ........................ .Y<?+<Z-
?MA B*K-G,- B&)*,- R-F0- )%+<- BTJ?9 W& B=>?*,- S)*J?n+,- cKG& :/<):,- e?s,-
149 ............................ ........................ ........................ ........................ .Y<?+<Z-
153 ........ ........................ ........................ .Y<?+<Z- ?MA B=4$O,- fN-?O,-:/<):,- {3MT,-
155 ......................... ........................ .Y<?+<Z- ?MA B=4$O,- fN-?O,- B=!)&:\Ci- 2ILT,-
155 ........................................ .Y<?+<Z- ?MA B*K-G,- B=4$O,- fN-?O,- cJ?*; :\Ci- e?s,-
156 .................................. .Y<?+<Z- ?MA B*K-G,- B=4$O,- fN-?O,- U)n+<- R)Mu':/<):,- e?s,-
159 .........................Y<?+<Z- ?MA B*K-G,- B=4$O,- fN-?O,- ?n< 2=,)u' C ~?Q :{,):,- e?s,-
160 ........................... .Y<?+<Z- ?MA B*K-G,- B=4$O,- fN-?OI, /<G<)@,- c==D+,-:/<):,- 2ILT,-
160 .................. .Y<?+<Z- ?MA B*K-G,- B=4$O,- fN-?O,- B3X)D& /X B=,C#,- FG%O,- :\Ci- e?s,-
163 ..............Y<?+<Z- ?MA B*K-G,- B=4$O,- fN-?O,- W& B<U)@T,- S)*J?n+,- cKG& :/<):,- e?s,-
174 ......................................... ........................ ........................\Ci- R)M,- Bvmk
176 ...................... ........................R%?Q%S5 ?E# U5$-W5 \*# ]5DQ#^5 IJ5?K:_%!a35 X!E35
177 .............R%?Q%S5 ?E# );?g,35 )/g*235 \*# ]5DQ#^5V &+F35V )=?'35 )2;?K:UVW5 >+,35
177 ............ ........................ ........................Y<?+<Z- ?MA BK?4,- BTJ?9:\Ci- {3MT,-
178 ........... ........................ ........................ .Y<?+<Z- ?MA BK?4,- B=!)&:\Ci- 2ILT,-
178 ............ ........................ ........................Y<?+<Z- ?MA BK?4,- cJ?*; :\Ci- e?s,-
179 ............ ........................ ........................ .Y<?+<Z- ?MA BK?4,- p)_U' :/<):,- e?s,-
187 ........................Y<?+<Z- ?MA BK?4,- BTJ?9 W& B<U)@T,- S)*J?n+,- cKG&:/<):,- 2ILT,-
187 ........................ .Y<?+<Z- ?MA BK?4,- BTJ?9 W& B=>?t,- S)*J?n+,- cKG& :\Ci- e?s,-
189 ........................ .Y<?+<Z- ?MA BK?4,- BTJ?9 W& B=>?*,- S)*J?n+,- cKG& :/<):,- e?s,-
191 ........... ........................ ........................Y<?+<Z- ?MA 2^$,- BTJ?9:/<):,- {3MT,-
192 ...................... ........................ .H,)Dh' C Y<?+<Z- ?MA 2^$,- cJ?*;:\Ci- 2ILT,-
192 ............................ ........................Y<?+<Z- ?MA 2^$,- BTJ?9 cJ?*; :\Ci- e?s,-
194 .................................... ........................ .Y<?+<Z- ?MA 2^$,- \)Dh' :/<):,- e?s,-
196 ......................Y<?+<Z- ?MA 2^$,- BTJ?9 W& B<U)@T,- S)*J?n+,- cKG&:/<):,- 2ILT,-
197 ...................... .Y<?+<Z- ?MA 2^$,- BTJ?9 W& B=>?t,- S)*J?n+,- cKG& :\Ci- e?s,-
200 ...................... .Y<?+<Z- ?MA 2^$,- BTJ?9 W& B=>?*,- S)*J?n+,- cKG& :/<):,- e?s,-
204 ..................................Y<?+<V- ?MA BJ?Ds,- B=DIT,- IA -#+AV- fN-?9:{,):,- {3MT,-
206 ..........................Y<?+<V- ?MA B=$s,- C B=>Fi- B=DIT,- IA -#+AV- BTJ?9:\Ci- 2ILT,-
207 ..................Y<?+<V- ?MA B=$s,- C B=>Fi- B=DIT,- IA -#+AV- BTJ?9 cJ?*; :\Ci- e?s,-
207 ...................Y<?+<V- ?MA B=$s,- C B=>Fi- B=DIT,- IA -#+AV- BTJ?9 p)_U' :/<):,- e?s,-
216 ...Y<?+<Z- ?MA B=$s,- C B=>Fi- B=DIT,- IA -#+AV- BTJ?O, B=<G<)@,- BO,)*T,-:/<):,- 2ILT,-
?MA B=$s,- C B=>Fi- B=DIT,- IA -#+AV- BTJ?O, B=,C#,- B=<G<)@,- BO,)*T,- :\Ci- e?s,-
217 ........... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... .Y<?+<Z-
?MA B=$s,-C B=>Fi- B=DIT,- IA -#+AV- BTJ?9 W& B<U)@T,- S)*J?n+,- cKG& :/<):,- e?s,-
220 .......... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... .Y<?+<V-
227 ........................................R%?Q%^5 ?E# .5cDZ235V U5$-W5 >'h )2;?K:_%!a35 >+,35
228 .............................. ......................Y<?+<V- ?MA \-G&i- (4j BTJ?9 :\Ci- {3MT,-
231 ............................. .)%I]-?&C Y<?+<V- ?MA \-G&i- (4j BTJ?9 cJ?*;:\Ci- 2ILT,-
231 ...................... ......................Y<?+<V- ?MA \-G&i- (4j BTJ?9 cJ?*; :\Ci- e?s,-
233 ...................... ...................... Y<?+<V- ?MA \-G&i- (4j B=ITA (]-?& :/<):,- e?s,-
235 ...BTJ?O,- |}%, /<G<)@,- c==D+,- C Y<?+<V- ?MA \-G&i- (4j (N)uCC ~?Q :/<):,- 2ILT,-
235 ........................ ......................Y<?+<V- ?MA \-G&i- (4j (N)uCC ~?Q:\Ci- e?s,-
242 .................Y<?+<Z- ?MA \-G&i- (4j BTJ?9 W& B<U)@T,- S)*J?n+,- cKG& :/<):,- e?s,-
248 .................................. ......................Y<?+<V- ?MA S-U#[T,- BTJ?9:/<):,- {3MT,-
250 .....................Y<?+<V- ?MA )!?n< ~?QC S-U#[T,- BOI$D; BTJ?9 cJ?*;:\Ci- 2ILT,-
250 ................................ ...................... S-U#[T,- BOI$D; BTJ?9 cJ?*; :\Ci- e?s,-
251 ........................Y<?+<V- ?MA B=I@*,- S-?xT,-C S-U#[T,- BX)@ ?n< ~?Q :/<):,- e?s,-
256 ...................................Y<?+<Z- ?MA S-U#[T,- BTJ?O, B=<G<)@,- BO,)*T,-:/<):,- 2ILT,-
?MA B=I@*,- S-?xT,-C S-U#[T,- W& BJ)KG,- C PTK /X B,C}MT,- B=,C#,- FG%O,- :\Ci- e?s,-
256 .................................... ...................... ...................... ......................Y<?+<Z-
S-?xT,- C S-U#[T,- BOI$D; BTJ?9 W& B<U)@T,- S)*J?n+,- cKG& :/<):,- e?s,-
258 ..................................... ...................... ...................... ...................... .B=I@*,-
264 ...............................R%?Q%^5 ?E# )/%V?Qg3^5 bc!6Q35 \*# ]5DQ#^5 IJ5?K:`3!a35 >+,35
266 .............................B=<C?+D,V- 6U)O+,- S)<)=> C PK-G& IA -#+AV- fN-?9:\Ci- {3MT,-
267 .................. ......................B=<C?+D,V- 6U)O+,- PK-G& IA -#+AV- fN-?9:\Ci- 2ILT,-
267 ...........S)<)=M,- BO,)*& a)q< /X eC?nT,- ?=j )@M,- C' y#T*,- \Gk#,- BTJ?9 :\Ci- e?s,-
278 ............................. ...................... .B=,0- BO,)*T,- a)q$> \mkV- BTJ?9 :/<):,- e?s,-
280 .......................B=<C?+D,V- 6U)O+,)> Bv)[,- S)<)=M,- \C-#+> B@I*+T,- fN-?O,-:/<):,- 2ILT,-
284 ......................... ......................b=k?; pC#> S)<)=M,- /X (&)*+,- BTJ?9 :\Ci- e?s,-
284 ........................ ......................S)<)=M,- B=vG^k C BJ?u )%+<- BTJ?9 :/<):,- e?s,-
284 ........................... ......................BzQ)k S)=L*T> -#TA J?^+,- BTJ?9 :{,):,- e?s,-
283 ............................... .Y<?+<V- ?MA p)T+NZ- S)K)L> IA -#+AV- fN-?9 :/<):,- {3MT,-
284 ........................ ...................... ......................p)T+NZ- S)K)L> B=!)&:\Ci- 2ILT,-
284 ..................... ...................... ...................... .p)T+NZ- S)K)L> cJ?*; :\Ci- e?s,-
285 ................. ...................... ...................... .p)T+NV- S)K)L> bN)^k :/<):,- e?s,-
287 ...........................Y<?+<V- ?MA p)T+NZ- S)K)L> IA -#+AV- fN-?9 B=!)&:/<):,- 2ILT,-
287 ..............)%<)_U' C Y<?+<Z- ?MA p)T+NZ- S)K)L> IA B*K-G,- fN-?O,- cJ?*; :\Ci- e?s,-
?MA p)T+NZ- S)K)L> IA B*K-G,- fN-?O,- /X )%=IA #T+*T,- 2=,)ui- :/<):,- e?s,-
289 ................................. ...................... ...................... ...................... .Y<?+<Z-
?MA p)T+NZ- S)K)L> IA B*K-G,- fN-?O,- W& B<U)@T,- S)*J?n+,- cKG& :{,):,- 2ILT,-
293 ................................. ...................... ...................... ...................... .Y<?+<Z-
?MA p)T+NZ- S)K)L> IA B*K-G,- fN-?O,- W& B=>?t,- S)*J?n+,- cKG& :\Ci- e?s,-
293 ............................... ...................... ...................... ...................... .Y<?+<Z-
?MA p)T+NZ- S)K)L> IA B*K-G,- fN-?O,- W& B=>?*,- S)*J?n+,- cKG& :/<):,- e?s,-
294 ................................. ...................... ...................... ...................... .Y<?+<Z-
299 ............................. .Y<?+<V- ?MA /<C?+D,V- P=KG+,- IA p-C#*,- BTJ?9:{,):,- {3MT,-
300 ................. ...................... ...................... ./<C?+D,Z- P=KG+,- cJ?*;:\Ci- 2ILT,-
300 ............................ ...................... ./<C?+D,V- P=KG+I, /<G<)@,- cJ?*+,- :\Ci- e?s,-
303 ..................................................... ./<C?+D,Z- P=KG+I, /%@s,- cJ?*+,- :/<):,- e?s,-
304 ......................Y<?+<V- ?MA /<C?+D,Z- P=KG+,- IA p-C#*,- BTJ?9 B=!)&:/<):,- 2ILT,-
304 ......................Y<?+<V- ?MA /<C?+D,Z- P=KG+,- IA p-C#*,- BTJ?9 cJ?*; :\Ci- e?s,-
305 ......................Y<?+<V- ?MA /<C?+D,Z- P=KG+,- IA p-C#*,- BTJ?9 p)_U' :/<):,- e?s,-
?MA /<C?+D,Z- P=KG+,- IA p-C#*,- BTJ?9 W& B<U)@T,- S)*J?n+,- cKG& :{,):,- 2ILT,-
306 ............ ...................... ...................... ...................... ......................Y<?+<V-
?MA /<C?+D,Z- P=KG+,- IA p-C#*,- BTJ?9 W& B=>?t,- S)*J?n+,- cKG& :\Ci- e?s,-
307 ................................. ...................... ...................... ...................... .Y<?+<V-
?MA /<C?+D,Z- P=KG+,- IA p-C#*,- BTJ?9 W& B=>?*,- S)*J?n+,- cKG& :/<):,- e?s,-
307 .......... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... .Y<?+<V-
309 ...................... ...................... ...................... ....................../<):,- R)M,- Bvmk
311 .................... ......................R%?Q%^5 ?E# )3VD35 N-A \*# i5VD135 IJ5?K:`3!a35 X!E35
313 ...................... ...................... ......................R%?Q%S5 ?E# X!Tc^5 :UVW5 >+,35
313 ...................... ...................... ...................... .R)!, B&)*,- a)D]i-:\Ci- {3MT,-
314 ......... ...................... ...................... ......................R)!UV- B=!)&:\Ci- 2ILT,-
314 .............. ...................... ...................... .H^N)^k C R)!UV- cJ?*; :\Ci- e?s,-
322 ................... ...................... ...................... .HON)+< C R)!UV- \)Dh' :/<):,- e?s,-
327 ..................................... .fN-?9 W& H%>)nJ )& W=> C R)!UV- W=> ~?s,-:/<):,- 2ILT,-
327 ...................................... ./u)=4,- c$*,- C B=u)=4,- BTJ?O,- C R)!UV- :\Ci- e?s,-
328 .............................. .WN)!?,- o)O+]- BTJ?9 C BTq$T,- BTJ?O,- C R)!UV- :/<):,- e?s,-
330 ...................................R)!UV- U)n+<- IA 6#A)4T,- (&-G*,- C R)Mui-:{,):,- 2ILT,-
330 ......... ...................... ...................... ......................6?h)MT,- R)Mui-:\Ci- e?s,-
331 ...................... ...................... ...................... .6?h)MT,- ?=j R)Mui-:/<):,- e?s,-
332 ...................... .....................................Y<?+<Z- ?MA R)!UV- B=!)&:/<):,- {3MT,-
333 .........................................H^N)^k C Y<?+<Z- ?MA R)!UV- cJ?*;:\Ci- 2ILT,-
333 ...................... ................................... .Y<?+<Z- ?MA R)!UV- cJ?*; :\Ci- e?s,-
335 ................................... ......................Y<?+<V- ?MA R)!UV- bN)^k:/<):,- e?s,-
346 ................|U)n+<- /X 6#A)4T,- (&-G*,- C y#=I@+,- R)!UV- W=>C H$=> ~?s,-:/<):,- 2ILT,-
337 ................................. ......................y#=I@+,- R)!UV- W=> C H$=> ~?s,- :\Ci- e?s,-
338 ....................................Y<?+<V- ?MA R)!UV- U)n+<- /X 6#A)4T,- (&-G*,-:/<):,- e?s,-
339 ................. )%$& B<U)@T,- S)*J?n+,- cKG& C Y<?+<V- ?MA R)!UV- \)Dh':{,):,- 2ILT,-
340 ...................... ..................................... Y<?+<V- ?MA R)!UV- \)Dh' :\Ci- e?s,-
356 ...................... Y<?+<Z- ?MA R)!UV- BTJ?9 W& B<U)@T,- S)*J?n+,- cKG&:/<):,- e?s,-
361 ...................... ...................... ...................... R%?Q%^5 ?E# j'6Q35:_%!a35 >+,35
362 ...................... ...................... ......................4O+I, B&)*,- a)D]i-:\Ci- {3MT,-
362 ....... ...................... ...................... ...................... .4O+,- B=!)&:\Ci- 2ILT,-
362 .............................. ...................... ./[JU)+,- |UGL; C 4O+,- cJ?*; :\Ci- e?s,-
366 ................................ ...................... .HA-G<' C B=<G<)@,- 4O+,- B*=MQ :/<):,- e?s,-
368 .............. ...................... ...................... B<)=[,- C 4O+,- W=> ~?s,-:/<):,- 2ILT,-
369 ...................... ...................... .......................... /AGGT,- 2!}T,- :\Ci- e?s,-
369 ........... ...................... ...................... ...................... ./;-},- 2!}T,-:/<):,- e?s,-
370 ................................ ...................... ...................... .B=4$O,- U)=*& :{,):,- e?s,-
371 .................................... ...................... Y<?+<Z- ?MA 4O+,- B=!)&:/<):,- {3MT,-
372 ...... ...................... .H=X B*M+T,- 2=,)ui- C Y<?+<Z- ?MA 4O+,- cJ?*;:\Ci- 2ILT,-
372 ................................... ...................... .Y<?+<Z- ?MA 4O+,- cJ?*; :\Ci- e?s,-
373 .......... ...................... :Y<?+<Z- ?MA 4O+,- /X B*M+T,- B:J#3,- 2=,)ui- :/<):,- e?s,-
375 .................. .Y<?+<Z- ?MA 4O+,- BTJ?9 W& B<U)@T,- S)*J?n+,- cKG&:/<):,- 2ILT,-
375 ...................... .Y<?+<Z- ?MA 4O+,- BTJ?9 W& B=>?t,- S)*J?n+,- cKG& :\Ci- e?s,-
381 ......................Y<?+<Z- ?MA 4O+,- BTJ?9 W& B=>?*,- S)*J?n+,- cKG& :/<):,- e?s,-
385 ..................... ...................... ...................... ......................{,):,- R)M,- Bvmk
386
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398
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