-I

-1
.
.
) y (............. u , z , f
y ,
,
.
-2
(
y ' = 0
y ( x ) = 1

. y ' = 0

y ' = x 2 1 ) y ( y ' ( x ) = x 1
2

x x 2 1

1 2
x x + k
3

k .
II y=ay+b
/1 y=ay
* a = 0 y ' = 0
* a 0

ax

( e ) ' = ae
ax

ax

y y ' ay = 0

x e y ' ay = 0
y ( x ) = z ( x ) eax

y ' ( x ) = z ' ( x ) eax + az ( x ) eax

) y ' ( x ) = z ' ( x ) e ax + ay ( x

y ' ( x ) ay ( x ) = z ' ( x ) e ax = 0

z ' ( x ) = 0 z ( x ) =

y ( x ) = eax
a = 0 .

y ' = ay
.

y ' = ay y ( x0 ) = y0
y ( x0 ) = y0

ax

x e

a x x
) x y0 e ( 0

-1 y ' = 2 y
y ' = 2 y
.

1
-2 y
3
1
y
3

= 'y

= 'y

x e2 x

; y (1) = 2

; y (1) = 2

1
)( x 1
2e 3

/2 y=ay+b
a = 0 y ' = b f f ( x ) = bx + c

Moustaouli Mohamed

http://arabmaths.ift.fr

a 0 y ' = ay + b y ' = a y +
a

b
z = y + ' z ' = y
a

b
a

y ( x ) = e ax

b
= e ax
a

y ( x) +

y ' = ay + b z ' = az z ( x ) = e ax

a b a 0

y ' = ay + b

x e ax

b a x x
b

y ' = ay + b y ( x0 ) = y0 x y0 + e ( 0 )
a
a

y ( x0 ) = y0

y ' = 3 y + 2

y ' = 3 y + 2

2

3

x e3 x +

.
-III y"+ay'+by=0
-1 y"+ay'+by=0

-2
* - a = b = 0 y '' = 0

' y ( x ) = kx + k

) (a,b

)' y ' ( x ) = k ( k ; k

y " = 0 k

y '' = 0 ' x kx + k

* - b = 0 y ''+ ay ' = 0
y "+ ay ' = 0 ( y ') '+ ay ' = 0

)' ( k ; k

' y z '+ az = 0

y ' ( x ) = e ax
y ''+ ay ' = 0

ax

e
+
a
3 ; E : y "+ ay '+ by = 0

y : x e rx

) ( ;

x e ax

) ( a; b ) ( 0;0
r

y r 2 + ar + b = 0 r 2 e x + are x + be x = 0 E
rx

r r 2 + ar + b = 0 x e E
r 2 + ar + b = 0 ; E : y "+ ay '+ by = 0

) ( a; b

a 2 4b

-1 /

y "+ 3 y ' 4 y = 0
( E1 ) : ) ( E1
/ x e x + e4 x ) ( E1
-2 / y " 6 y '+ 9 y = 0
( E2 ) :
/ x ( + x ) e3x ) ( E1

Moustaouli Mohamed

) ( ;

) ( ;

http://arabmaths.ift.fr

( E3 ) :

y "+ 4 y '+ 13 y = 0

-3 /

f : x e 2 x cos 3 x g : x e 2 x sin 3 x

/
) ( E3

x f + g ) ( E1

) ( ;

; E : y "+ ay '+ by = 0 :E
* - 0

a 2 4b

) ( a; b

r + ar + b = 0

; r1

E x e r1 x + e r 2 x
* - a 2 4b = 0

r2

. r

E x ( + x ) e rx

* - a 2 4b 0

) x e px ( cos qx + sixqx

E
.
y ( x0 ) = y0

y ' ( x0 ) = y '0

y ( x0 ) = y0

y ( x0 ) = y0

= p + iq

r1

r2 = p iq

y ' ( x0 ) = y '0

y ' ( x0 ) = y '0 .

) cos qx + sin qx = k ( cos cos qx + sin sin qx ) = k cos ( qx

k
k

cos qx + sin qx = k

; k = 2 + 2

= ; sin

= cos

k
k
a 2 4b 0 ) x ke cos ( qx k
px

5
-1 y = 0
4
-2 y "+ 4 y '+ 4 y = 0
-3 y "+ 2 y '+ 5 y = 0

* - a 0 y "+ ay = 0

y "+ 2 y '

y1 y1 ( 0 ) = 1

x cos ax + sin ax

; y1 ' ( 0 ) = 1

) . ( ;

* - a 0 y "+ ay = 0

ax

+ e

ax

x e

y "+ 2 y = 0

) . ( ;

; y " 4 y = 0

y "+ 2 y = 0 x cos 2 x + sin 2 x

y "+ 2 y = 0 y " 4 y = 0 x e 2 x + e 2 x

Moustaouli Mohamed

) . ( ;
2

) . ( ;

http://arabmaths.ift.fr