Cours Math Fonctions

-1 --
1-1
f I
) (C f
(C f
2-1
f
I . x0 I
) A x0 ; f ( x0
) ( C f ) ( C f
A
3-1
f I
* " f I ) (C f I
* " f I
*
(C f I
" f x0 I *+ " f [ [x0, x0 +

" f ] ]x0 ,x0 ) ) M 0 ( x 0 ; f ( x 0 ) (C f
f ( x ) = x3 3 x 2 + x + 1
1 2x
= )g ( x
x x2
-1 C f A 1 C f
- 2 C g Cg
-2
1-2
C C .
2-2
-
lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) =
x a
x a+
x = a
Cf
2x + 1
x 1
lim+ f ( x ) = + lim f ( x ) = x = 1
= )f ( x
x 1
x 1
y
=b
lim
f
x
=
b
. f
) (
x
2x + 1
x 1
lim f ( x ) = 2 lim f ( x ) = 2
= )f ( x
x +
y = 2

y =ax + b Cf lim ( f ( x) (ax + b)) = 0
x +
lim ( f ( x) (ax + b)) = 0

y =ax + b Cf h
) f ( x ) = ax + b + h ( x ) lim h ( x ) = 0 ( lim h ( x ) = 0
x
x +
x 3x + 1
x 1
1
f ( x) = x 2
}x {1
x 1
1
lim y = x 2 ) ( +
=0
x + x 1
1
lim y = x 2 ) (
=0
x x 1
) f ( x ) = ax + b + h ( x lim h ( x ) = 0
= )f ( x
) f ( x ) = ax + b + h ( x lim h ( x ) = 0
)f ( x
x +
b 1
= lim a + + h ( x ) = a
x+ x
x+
x x
)f ( x
lim ( f ( x ) ax ) = b ; lim lim ( f ( x) (ax + b)) = 0
= a
x +
x+
x
x+
lim
( f ( x ) ax ) = xlim
(b + h ( x )) = b
x +
+
lim
y = ax + b Cf
= a
)f ( x
x
lim
x+
; ( f ( x ) ax ) = b
xlim
+
= a
)f ( x
x
lim
; ( f ( x ) ax ) = b
xlim
) ) ( f (x) (ax + b ) (C f .
f ( x ) = 4 x2 + x 2
-3 -2
) f (x
=
x x
lim f ( x ) =
lim
) f (x
=0
x x
- lim f ( x ) =
) f (x
=a
x x
- lim f ( x ) =
lim
) (C f
lim
) (C f
lim f ( x) ax =
) (C f
y= ax
) f (x
=a
x x
lim f ( x ) =
lim ) (C f
y= ax .
- 3
1 -3
C f x = a
) (
) (
C f ) ( ; i ; j ) ( a;0
X = x a
) Y = f ( a + X ) = ( X
Y=y
X D
) ( X ) = ( X
) f ( a X ) = f ( a + X
X D
X = x a ) f ( 2a x ) = f ( x
x D f
, x = a
)f (2a x) = f ( x
( 2a x ) D f
x D f
2-3
C f ) ( a; b
) (
) (
C f
) ( ; i ; j
) Y + b = f ( a + X
) Y = f ( a + X ) b = ( X
X = x a

Y = y b
) ( X ) = ( X
X D
f ( a X ) b = f ( a + X ) + b
) f ( a X ) = 2b f ( a + X
X D
X D
X = x a ) f ( 2a x ) = 2b f ( x
)f (2a x) = 2b f ( x
x D f
) ( a; b f
( 2a x ) D f
x D f
f ( x ) = x 2 2 x + 3 (1
x2 2
(2
x 1
= )f ( x
( D ) : x = 1 ) ( C f
) (1; 2 ) ( C f
-4
1-4
f T
x T Df
) f (x + T ) = f (x
; x +T Df
x D f
T . f f
* x cos x x sin x 2
* x tan x
2
* x cos ax ) x sin ax ( a 0
a
* ) x tan ax ( a 0
x cos x sin x
2 -4
f T
1
x 3 cos x x tan 3 x x cos 2 x
4
x D f , n
)f ( x + nT ) = f ( x
) (
3-4
f T C f
) (
) ( O; i ; j
f [ D f [ x0 + nT ; x0 + (n + 1)T [ D f [x0, x0 +T
nT i n .
:
[ I0 = D f [ x0 , x0 + T
tTni
* x cos x 2 ] ] ;
x cos x

] [0;
( cos x ) ' = sin x
] x [ 0;
0
1
-1
x
cos x
x sin x 2
x sin x
] [0;
( sin x ) ' = cos x
] ] ;
] x [ 0;
x
2
1
sin x
** x tan x 2 + k / k 2 ; 2

x tan x 0; 2
( tan x ) ' = 1 + tan 2 x

2
+
tan x
0

x 0;
2

f
) f (

1
x2
2x
a) : f ( x ) = x 3 +
x +1
1
c) : f ( x ) = cos x + cos 2 x
2
= ) b) : f ( x
1
f :
x2
C f f ) ( O; i ; j
f ( x) = x 1 +
) (
-1( D f
(
)(x
lim ) lim f ( x
x +
( ) lim f ( x ) lim f ( x
x 2+
-2(
)( x 1)( x 3
( x 2 )2
x 2
= )f '( x
x D f
( f
-3 ) (
C f 0
-4
) A ( 2;1 ) ( C f
-5 y = x 1
-6 ) ( C f
) (
C f +
1
x2
f ( x) = x 1 +
( D f
} {2
(
= Df
)(x
lim ) lim f ( x
x +
1
= +
x +
x +
x2
( ) lim f ( x ) lim f ( x
lim x 1 +
x 2+
1
= +
x2
= )(x
lim
1
=
x2
lim x 1 +
= )(x
lim
x 2
lim x 1 +
+
x 2
= )(x
1
lim f =
x2
x 2+
lim x 1 +
x 2
= )(x
lim f
x 2
x = 2 ) ( C f
-2(
)( x 1)( x 3
( x 2 )2
= )f '( x
x D f
1
x2
f } {2
f ( x) = x 1 +
} {2
) f (
)( x 2 )2 1 ( x 3)( x 1
f '( x) = 1
=
=
( x 2 )2 ( x 2 )2
( x 2 )2
1
} {2
( f
) f ' ( x
+
+
)( x 3)( x 1
3
0
2
-
1
0
-1
x
)f '( x
-3 ) (
) ( C f 0 ) y = f ' ( 0 ) x + f ( 0
C f 0
3
3
y = x
4
2
-4 ) A ( 2;1
} {2
4 x
} {2
2 x
) f ( 4 x ) = 2 f ( x
f (4 x) = 3 x +
) (C f
1
1
;
= 3 x +
2x
x2
) A ( 2;1
-5 y = x 1
2 f ( x) = 2 x + 1
) (C f
) ( C f +
1
1
lim f ( x ) ( x 1) = lim
; =0
=0
x x 2
x+
x+ x 2
y = x 1 C f +
lim f ( x ) ( x 1) = lim
) (
-6 ) ( C f
2
f
1 2x
x2 x 2
-1 D f f D f
-2 ) f ' ( x x D f
-3 f
1
-4 - C f I ;1 .
2
1
- I ;1 C f
2
- C f I
-5 -
- C f
1 2x
2
f ( x) = 1 +
x x2
-2 D f f D f
f ( x) = 1 +
x D f x 2 x 2 0 x 1
x2
et
D f = ]; 1[ ]1;1[ ]1; +[
1 2x
lim
x x2
= lim
2 x
-1
0
lim f ( x ) = lim 1 +
2
1 2x
= 0 lim f ( x ) = lim 1 + 2
=1
x
x
x
x x2
lim 1 2 x = 3
lim x 2 x 2 = 0
= lim
x
f ( x)
1 2x
2
x x2
2
0
lim f ( x ) = lim 1 +
1 2x
2
x x2
= + lim f ( x ) = lim 1 +
x
1 2x
=
x x2
lim x 2 x 2 = 0
lim 1 2 x = 3
= + lim f ( x ) = lim 1 +
+
1 2x
2
x x2
D f x f ' ( x ) -2
f '( x) =
f '( x) =
(1 2 x ) ' ( x 2 x 2 ) ( x 2 x 2 ) ' (1 2 x )
(x
x2
2 x 2 x 2 ( 2 x 1)(1 2 x )
(x
x2
f '( x) =
2 x 2 + 2 x + 4 + 4 x 2 4 x + 1
f '( x) =
2 x2 2 x + 5
(x
(x
x2
x D f
x
f '( x )
f
x2
f '( x) =
f -3
2 x2 2 x + 5
(x
x2
2 x 2 2 x + 5 f ' ( x )
= 4 40 = 36
x
2 x 2 2 x + 5 0
f
-1
1
2
. I ;1 C f - -4
10
2 ( 2 x 1) x 2 x + 7
3
x2
(x
= ) f '' ( x
x D f
1
) f " ( x
2
1
- I ;1 C f
2
x D f
1 x Df
1 2x
2
x x2
= 1
1 2x
x2 x 2
) 1 2 (1 x
(1 x ) 2
= 1
) (1 x
1 2x
x2 x 2
1
2
C f I ;1
f (1 x ) = 1 +
2 f ( x) = 2 1
1
) f (1 x ) = 2 f ( x I ;1 C f
2
- C f I
1
1
C f I y = f ' x + 1
2
2
8
5
8
1
y = x + 1 y = x +
9
9
9
2
-5 -
lim f ( x ) = 1 y = 1 C f
lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = + x = 2 C f
2+
lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = + x = 1 C f
1+
- C f
11
1 + cos x
1 cos x
-1 D f ) lim f ( x
= ) f (x
x 0
-2 - f
f DE f
DE
-3 f
-4 C f
1 + cos x
1 cos x
-5 D f ) lim f ( x
/k
x 0
x D f cos x 1 x 2k
{2 k / k
= Df
-6 - f
= ) f (x
{2 k / k
x 2
1 + cos x
)= f ( x
1 cos x
{2 k / k
) 1 + cos ( x + 2
) 1 cos ( x + 2
2 + x
= ) f ( x + 2
{2 k / k
f 2
- f DE f
{2 k / k
1 + cos x
)= f ( x
1 cos x
-7 f
{2 k / k
) 1 + cos ( x
) 1 cos ( x
= )f (x
x
f
DE
( sin x )(1 cos x ) (1 + cos x ) sin x

2sin x
=
(1 cos x )2
(1 cos x )2
0
-
] DE = ]0;
)f '( x
)f ( x
-8 C f
12
= )f '( x
] x ]0;
1 cos x
f :
= )f ( x
sin x
C f f ) ( O; i ; j
) (
-1( D f
( f
( f 2
( lim f ( x ) = 0 ) lim f ( x
x
x 0 +
1
-2(
1 + cos x
( f [ ]0;
[ x ]0;
= )f '( x
-3( ) ( C f
( ) ( C f
1 cos x
= )f ( x
sin x
-2( D f
{k / k
= Df
( f
{k / k
{k / k
1 cos x
1 cos x
==
)= f ( x
sin x
sin x
) 1 cos ( x
) sin ( x
= )f (x
f
( f 2
{k / k
x + 2
) 1 cos ( x + 2
{k / k
1 cos x
)= f ( x
) sin ( x + 2
sin x
f 2
: f 2 f [ DE = ]0;
=
= ) f ( x + 2
( lim f ( x ) = 0 ) lim f ( x
x 0 +
1
= 0 2 = 0
1
1 cos x
1 cos x
= lim x x
sin x
sin x
x 0 +
x
2
lim f ( x ) = lim
x 0
1 cos x
= +
x
x sin x
1
-2(
= ) x ]0; [ f ' ( x
1 + cos x
sin 2 x (1 cos x ) cos x 1 cos x
1
= )f '( x
=
=
sin 2 x
1 cos 2 x 1 + cos x
( f [ ]0;
lim f ( x ) = lim
13
x 0
x = ) ( C f
[ x ]0;
)f '( x
[ x ]0; 0
x ]0; [ 1 + cos x
[ ]0;
-3( ) ( C f
1
1 + cos x
sin x
= ) f '' ( x
(1 + cos x )2
[ x ]0;
= )f '( x
[ x ]0;
0
+
) (
C f [ ]0; f
) (
[ ] + 2k ; 2k
x
) f "( x
) ( C f [] ;0
f 2 C f
) ( C f
14
[ ]2 k ; + 2 k

1
f
x 1
1
f ( x ) = x 1 x2
x
1
f ( x) = x + 2
2
x +1
-1( 1 -1
( f 1 -1
-2( ) f ' ( x x [ ]1;1 ) f ' ( x x []; 1[ ]1; +
( f
-3 C f C f .
-5 C f
-6 C f
x 1
1
f ( x ) = x 1 x2
x
1
f ( x) = x + 2
2
x +1
-4( 1 -1
1
x
x+ 2
lim f ( x ) = lim x 1 x 2 = 1 = 1
x1 2
x1
x1
x +1
) lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = f (1 f 1
lim f ( x ) = lim
x1
x1
x 1+
lim f ( x ) = lim x 1 x 2 = 1
x1+
x1+
x1
x 1+
)lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = f ( 1
1
x
x+ 2
= 1
x1 2
x +1
f -1
lim f ( x ) = lim
x1
( f 1 -1
)f ( x ) f (1
x 1 x2 1
1 x
1
= lim 1 +
x + 1 = lim 1 +
x + 1 = +
x 1
x 1
1 x
1 x
x1
x1
x1
f 1 f 1
1
x
x
1
x+ 2
1
2
)f ( x ) f (1
1
1
1
x + 1
2
2
x +1
lim
= lim
= lim + x + 1
= lim +
=
2
x 1
x 1
x 1
x1+
x1+
x1+ 2
x1+ 2 2 x 2 + 1
= lim
lim
x 1
1
f 1 f
2
)f ( x ) f (1
x 1 x2 + 1
x +1
1
= lim 1
1 x = lim 1
1 x =
+
+
+
+
x +1
x +1
x +1
1+ x
x 1
x1
x1
x1
f -1 f -1
1
x
x
1
x+ 2
+1
+
2
)f ( x ) f ( 1
1
1
x +1
1
2
2
x +1
lim
= lim
= lim + x + 1
= lim +
=
2
2
x +1
x +1
x +1
x1
x1
x1 2
x1 2 2 x + 1
= lim
1
f -1 f
2
15
-1
lim
-5( ) f ' ( x x [ ]1;1 ) f ' ( x x
[x ]1;1
f '( x) = 1 +
1 x2
1
1 x2 + 1 2 x2
2
+
=
= 2
2
2
2
x +1
x +1
2 x +1
( f
1 2 x2
1 x2
1 x2 x
1 2 x2
x
1 x2
[x ]; 1[ ]1; +
= )f '( x
( 1 x x) 1 x
2
f '( x) = 1 +
x
1 x2
[x ]1;1
f '( x) = 1 +
) f ' ( x [ ]1;0 1 2x 2
2
2
2;
x
0
2
)f '( x
x +1
f '( x) 0
[ x ]; 1[ ]1; + 0
= )f '( x
[]1;0
[x ]1;0
f '( x) = 0 x =
[x ]1;1
[x [ 0;1
)f '( x
[]; 1[ ]1; +
2
2
0
1
+
+
+
2
x 1;
)f '( x
[x ]; 1[ ]1; +
-1
-
)f '( x
+
-1
-6 C f C f .
1
x
= +
x+ 2
x
x+
x+ 2
x +1
1
1
x
1
lim f ( x ) x = lim ) ( D y = x
= lim = 0
2
x
x x + 1 x x
2
2
Cf
lim f ( x ) = lim
1
x
x= 2
2
x +1
C f ) ( D [ ]1; +
1
x
; =
x+ 2
x 2
x +1
lim f ( x ) = lim
[x ]; 1[ ]1; +
f ( x)
C f ) ( D
[]; 1
-5 C f
x2
0
1
1 x2
2 x
)( x + 1
2
1 x2
= ) f '' ( x
1 x2 +
1 x2
2
1 x
[ x ]1;1 C f
= ) f "( x
[ x ]; 1[ ]1; + :
16
[]1;1
0
0
2 x
2
)( x + 1
2
= ) f '' ( x
) f '' ( x
[ x ]1; + C f
[ x ]; 1 C f
[]1; +
[]; 1
-6 C f
1
1
f
+
cos x sin x
-1 D f f
-2 - 2 f
- ) f ( x + ) = f ( x
= )f ( x
x D f
-3 ) f ' ( x
-4 f
[0; ] D f
-5 f
[0; 2 ] D f
1
1
+
cos x sin x
-3 D f
x
17
= )f ( x
x D f sin x 0
et cos x 0
x D f x k
et
x Df x k
+ k
2
/k
/k
k / k
2
f 2 - -4
Df =
k / k
2

k / k
2
1
1
f ( x + 2 ) =
+
sin ( x + 2 ) cos ( x + 2 )
= f ( x)
f 2
f ( x + ) = f ( x ) -
x D f
f (x + ) =
x D f
1
1
1
1
+
=
+
= f ( x)
sin ( x + ) cos ( x + ) sin x cos
f ' ( x ) -3
f '( x) =
cos x
2
sin x
sin x
2
cos x
sin x cos x
sin 2 x cos 2 x
sin x cos x ) 1 +
( sin x cos x )(1 + cos x sin x ) (
sin 2 x
=
sin 2 x cos 2 x
sin 2 x cos 2 x
[0; ] D f f -4
sin x cos x f ' ( x )

x 0; ;
2 2
x
f '( x)
sin x cos x = 0 x =
4
0
+
2 2
[0; 2 ] D f
f -5
C f x = lim f ( x ) = +
x
C f x =
lim f ( x ) = +
x
lim + f ( x ) =
C f x = 0 lim+ f ( x ) = +
x 0
3 3
f ( x + ) = f ( x ) ; ; 2
2 2
18

0; 2 2 ; C f
19

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-1 --

" f x0 I *+ " f [ [x0, x0 +

y =ax + b Cf lim ( f ( x) (ax + b)) = 0

lim ( f ( x) (ax + b)) = 0

( tan x ) ' = 1 + tan 2 x

( sin x )(1 cos x ) (1 + cos x ) sin x

-5( ) f ' ( x x [ ]1;1 ) f ' ( x x

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