Office Réseau

International International
de l ’Eau des Organismes
PARIS de Bassin

Technical Answers ?

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 Possible answers …
Office Réseau

Decrease pollution sources

International International
de l ’Eau des Organismes
PARIS  de Bassin

 Invest in storage
 Short circuit of waste water treatment
 Desalisnisation of salt water
 Saving water
 Better green water management
 Gestion et gouvernance

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 Evolution in water management
Office Réseau
International International
de l ’Eau
PARIS
Water Demand Consumption des Organismes
de Bassin
Population

Technology
Excess Structural
Deficit

Not easy to
mobilize

Easily available

No effort Effort Effort years

Management Resource Demand
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Management Management
Office
Reduction of pollutions Réseau
International International
de l ’Eau des Organismes
PARIS de Bassin

 Less pollution, more available volume of

« clean » water
 Example of phosphates, pesticides
 Regulation really applied
 Awareness of population

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Office
Reduction of pollutions Réseau
International International
de l ’Eau des Organismes
PARIS de Bassin

 Put sanitation in first priority in natioanl

plans / strategy
 Subsidy for improvement
 Penalties if regulation not followed

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Office
Invest in storage Réseau
International International
de l ’Eau des Organismes
PARIS
 From Dam to local reservoir (less impact) de Bassin

 Rain water Harvesting (for refrigeration, industry,

irrigation …not for human needs)

Capacités de stockage
Office Nombre de Grands Barrages Réseau
International International
de l ’Eau des Organismes
PARIS de Bassin

Monde: 45 000

Afrique : 1 300
40 % en Afrique du Sud

35 à 60 fois moins de
Capacité de stockage qu’en Asie
ou Europe

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Office
Invest in storage Réseau
International International
de l ’Eau des Organismes
PARIS
 Recharge of aquifers de Bassin

• Key point in scarcity / arid regions

• Avoid evaporation losses (until 50%)
• In coastal areas, positive impact by reduction of the
salinisation of land
Capacités de stockage
Office Nombre de Grands Barrages Réseau
International International
de l ’Eau des Organismes
PARIS de Bassin

Monde: 45 000

Afrique : 1 300
40 % en Afrique du Sud

35 à 60 fois moins de
Capacité de stockage qu’en Asie
ou Europe

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 Domestic waste water treatment
Office
International
de l ’Eau
short cycle Réseau
International
des Organismes
PARIS de Bassin

 Example Singapor
Drink water Drink water

Waste water Waste water

Direct coming
back
Short cycle
Low treatment
Drink water
High treatment
Water almost clean
Discharge in ecosystem

Dilution Cycle of + months

Or years
Raw water
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Psychological effect ?
Office
Recycling waste water Réseau
International International
de l ’Eau des Organismes
PARIS de Bassin

 Interesting way as ineluctably incresing

of waste water (function of
development)
 For Agriculture, Industry, one part of
domestic use, aquifer recharge … with a
specific low treatment
 Need defining carefully the parameters
and regulation
 No use for drink water (too risky)
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Office
Desalinisation of see vwater Réseau
International International
de l ’Eau des Organismes
PARIS de Bassin

 Interest:
• 40 % population at less than 70 km of coast
• Huge volume
• Technique well known
• Arabia: 70%
 Costly (2 x freswater withdrawal) but
decreasing
 Energy but decreasing (20 to 3 kwh in 40 y)
 Risks on biodiversity
 Does not encourage saving and recycling
12 500 units in 120 countries 10

Above all in Middle-East, Mediterranean

Office
Savings … Réseau
International International
de l ’Eau des Organismes
PARIS de Bassin

 Leaks in drink water networks

 Delhi, New Orleans, Riyad : 50%
 France 20% but from 3 to 45%
 Strategy: responsibility, empowerment, prioritising, payment
of operator based on performances

 Leaks in waste water networks

 Seoul: impact on drink water
 Impact on resource availability

 Raising awareness of population – Education and

information

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Office
Savings … Réseau
International International
de l ’Eau des Organismes
PARIS de Bassin

 Leaks in irrigation networks

 Subsidy based on water efficiency (drop per crop)
 Development of drip irrigation
 Use waste water recycling
 Industry
 Danone: in 7 y, - 30% L’Oreal: - 23%
 Wine industry: 10 l to 3 l per litre of wine only by
small invests (high pressure) and awareness
 Strategy: empowerment, responsibility, priority of
water use
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Office
Green- Blue Revolution Réseau
International International
de l ’Eau des Organismes
PARIS de Bassin

Improve rainfed agriculture

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Office
Green- Blue Revolution Réseau
International International
de l ’Eau des Organismes
PARIS de Bassin

Increase water efficiency of irrigation

less flood irrigation, more drip irrigation
warning system bade on reference field network
farmer capacity
Adapt the choice of crops to climate conditions
Modified Genetically Organism
Strategy on ”virtual water”: acting by subsidy

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Office
International Governance Réseau
International International
de l ’Eau des Organismes
PARIS de Bassin

Need a global water ”authority”

• Coherency in actions
• Facilitate the financing mobilisation
• Define the global guidelines

Managing by basin everywhere, above all in

transboundary context
• Rules of sharing
• Upstream Downstrema management
• Prevent conflicts

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Office
Governance Réseau
International International
de l ’Eau des Organismes
PARIS de Bassin

Political Will :
• Transparency in decision making, investments, costs,
financing
• Fighting against corruption
• Integrated management ..
Improve knowledge : information system + operational
data base
Engage reforms (IWRM, Basin, Decentralisation, ...)
Inter disciplinary: economist, environmentalist, jurist,
sociologist, agronomist, ...
Cross sectors

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Office
Governance Réseau
International International
de l ’Eau des Organismes
PARIS de Bassin

Develop skills and capacities at all levels

Favour the exchanges of know-how
Prioritise consultation and bottom up
Mechanisms facilitating the stakeholder and
civil society participation
Internal financing system (sustainable)
• ”water pays water”
• ”polluter pays”
• ”user pays”

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Office Réseau
International International
de l ’Eau des Organismes
PARIS de Bassin

d.valensuela@oieau.fr
www.oieau.fr
www.riob.org
Merci de votre attention
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